A chronicle of England during the reigns of the Tudors, from A.D. 1485 to 1559 Volume 1

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A CHEONICLE OF ENGLAND

DURING THE REIGNS OF THE TUDORS,

FROM A.D. 1485 TO 1559.
BY

CHARLES WRIOTHESLEY, WINDSOR HERALD.

EDITED,

FROM A MS. IN THE POSSESSION OF

LIEUT.-GENERAL LORD HENRY H. M. PERCY, K.C.B., V.C., F.R.G.S.,

BY

WILLIAM DOUGLAS HAMILTON, F.S.A.

VOLUME I.

PRINTED FOR THE CAMDEN SOCIETY.

M.DCCC.LXXV.

WESTMINSTER:

PRINTED BY J. B. NICHOLS AND SONS,
25, PARLIAMENT STREET.

.

OSTEW SERIES XL]

COUNCIL OF THE CAMDEN SOCIETY

FOR THE YEAR 1874-75.

t

President,

THE EIGHT HON. THE EARL OF VEEULAM, F.E.G.S.

WILLIAM CHAPPELL, ESQ. F.S.A., Treasurer.

WILLIAM DUEEANT COOPEE, ESQ. F.S.A-

HENEY CHAELES COOTE, ESQ. F.S.A.

FEEDEEICK WILLIAM COSENS, ESQ.

JAMES GAIRDNEE, ESQ.

SAMUEL EAWSON GAEDINEE, ESQ., Director.

ALFEED KINGSTON, ESQ., Secretary.

SIE JOHN MACLEAN, F.S.A.

FEEDEEIC OUVEY, ESQ. V.P. S.A.

JAMES OECHAED PHILLIPPS, ESQ. F.E.S. F.S.A.

EDWAED EIMBAULT, LL.D.

EEV. W. SPAEEOW SIMPSON, D.D. F.S.A.

JAMES SPEDDING, ESQ.

WILLIAM JOHN THOMS, ESQ. F.S.A.

J. R. DANIEL-TYSSEN, ESQ.

The COUNCIL of the CAMDEN SOCIETY desire it to be under
stood that they are not answerable for any opinions or observa
tions that may appear in the Society s publications ; the Editors
of the several Works being alone responsible for the same.

INTRODUCTION,

IN its main features this History may be described as a continua
tion of " The Customes of London," by Richard Arnold, from which
the earlier portion, i.e. as far as the llth year of Henry VIII., is
a mere plagiarism. After that date the Chronicle becomes original,
and contains much Valuable information. From internal evidence
it would appear to be the work of a scholar, and to have been
written contemporaneously, the events being jotted down from day
to day as they occurred. The characteristic of City Chronicles is
maintained throughout by the adoption of the civic year, marking
the term of office of each Lord Mayor instead of the regnal year
of the sovereign, thus causing an apparent confusion in the chro
nology. This form was probably adopted by our author as he
found it already employed by Richard Arnold, whose reign of
Henry VII. he made the commencement of his history, with but
slight variations, for the reasons subsequently explained. It has
therefore been thought advisable to retain this peculiar division
of the year in the text, but in the margin the Anno Domini and
regnal years have been added in their correct places, so that the
reader will experience but little inconvenience from this devia
tion from the ordinary chronology. Whether the author of the
Chronicle placed the regnal year in its present position in the
text as synonymous with Lord Mayor s Day, or whether it was
afterwards transferred thither from the margin by the copyist, is an
open question. In the earlier editions of most City Chronicles the
name of the new Lord Mayor and sheriffs for the succeeding year
are inserted in a blank space in the text left for this purpose in the

CAMD. SOC. b

11 INTRODUCTION.

month of November ; but, when such chronicles or histories became
more widely known, the editor or transcriber frequently omitted
the names of these civic dignitaries, and inserted in their stead the
regnal year of the sovereign, thus giving a rough approximation
to the chronology, for in no instance did the accession of the
sovereign occur exactly on the same day of the month as Lord
Mayor s Day.

It is not necessary to follow this investigation further, but
the mention of it was essential as affording the first step in the
evidence as to the authenticity and authorship of the Chronicle.
There is no doubt then as to its being one of those numerous City
Chronicles which were at this period so often kept by intelligent
Londoners for their own satisfaction and the perusal of their friends
and descendants, without any ulterior intention of publication.
In this instance, the MS., which has been preserved amongst the
family archives of the noble house of Percy, is not the original but
a transcript of the time of James I. bearing no trace of the author s
name, or indication of the time at which he lived. We are conse
quently compelled to fall back on internal evidence, and fortunately
several incidental allusions made by the author to his own family
connections furnish us with the desired information. The most
direct and valuable of these is a passage in which he claims relation
ship with the great statesman of Henry the Eighth s reign, Lord
Chancellor Wriothesley, afterwards, on 16th February, 1547, created
Earl of Southampton: " This yeare [1540], in Aprill, my cosin Mr.
Thomas Wriosley was made the Kinges Secretarie, and Mr. Sadler,
of the Privie Chamber, joyned with him, and were booth made
knightes also."

It is likewise very clear from the context that the writer held
some official post, which brought him into contact with the Earl
Marshal s and Lord Steward s departments, for he not only par
ticularises which of the Heralds took part in certain public cere
monials, and the names and precedence of the illustrious guests
who were present at the city and court banquets, but specifies the

INTRODUCTION. Ill

number of dishes and even the dress of the ladies. Such infor
mation could only be acquired by one who was present to witness
these proceedings. Now such opportunity was enjoyed by the
members of the College of Arms, who, as we are informed by
Noble, a had a stage appropriated to their use, at the "right end "
of the table, at all banquets.

We can thus have little difficulty in determining the name of the
author of the Chronicle, who was also a resident of the City of
London. On turning to the list of Heralds in the reign of Henry
VIII. we find that Sir Thomas Wry the or Wriothesley was Garter
Principal King at Arms from 26th Jan. 1505 till 24th Nov. 1534,
and that his son Charles Wriothesley was created Windsor Herald
on Christmas Day 1534, by patent dated 1st Jan. following. Whilst
the latter held this office, says Noble, b he saw four sovereigns upon
the English throne ; these were Henry VIII., Edward VI., Mary,
and Elizabeth, in the second year of whose reign this Chronicle
terminates. He succeeded Thomas Wall as Rouge-croix pursuivant
in 1524, a short time after he had been appointed Berwick pursui
vant, and, as he was born in 1508, he must have been under sixteen
years of age when he entered on his public career.

According to the custom of those times, our author attached
himself to the person or service of Lord Chancellor Audley, whom
he looked up to as his patron, of which circumstance we are in
formed by his reference to that statesman on several occasions as
"his lord and master," and of whom the last mention occurs at
page 147, where our author writes " The 30th day of Aprill, 1544,
Sir Thomas Awdley, knight, Lord of Walden and Chancellor
of England, my late lord and master, departed this worldly life
at his place of Christes Church in London." Subsequently wfe
meet with such expressions as " my lord great master," " my great
master," and " my great master s house;" but these are to be under
stood as only designating the Lord Steward of the King s household,

* Hist. College of Arms, p. 103. h 1 age 121.

1V INTRODUCTION.

especially Lord St. John, who filled that high office in the latter
part of the reign of Henry VIII. and was generally styled the Lord
Great Master of the King s household. At the time of his entering
upon life our author s uncle, William Wrythe or Wriothesley, the
elder brother of Sir Thomas (Garter), was York Herald, and it was
his son Thomas, subsequently Lord Chancellor, whom our author,
in the above quoted passage, claims as his cousin.

As the Chancellor s fortunes had a marked influence on the life of
our author, which is even noticeable in his writings, a brief sketch
of his biography will not be here entirely out of place. The earliest
notice of this Thomas we have met with is in the 27th of Henry
VIII. when he was made Coroner and Attorney in the Court of
Common Pleas, and in three years afterwards, being then one of the
principal Secretaries of State (see p. 115), he was sent ambassador to
treat of a marriage between the King and Christiana, second daugh
ter of the King of Denmark. Although unsuccessful in this mission,
he managed it with such tact as not to give offence to his royal
master; in this, more happy than his fellow-minister Crumwell,
who for procuring the hand of Anne of Cleves for his imperious
lord was ordered to execution by the summary process of an Act of
Attainder without a trial. It was no easy task to serve such a
gallant prince," but our knight continued to prosper during all
the long reign of " our king and emperor." In 1541, subsequently
to his having received the honour of knighthood (see p. 115), he
was made Constable of the Castle of Southampton. He was soon
after accredited as one of the Commissioners to treat with the
Emperor Charles V. and he was elevated to the peerage by letters
patent dated 1st January 1544, by the title of Baron Wriothesley
of Titchfield, Hants, which, being one of the monasteries then dis
solved, he obtained by grant from the Crown. Soon after this,
upon the decease of Lord Audley, the " lord and master " of our
cnronicler, Lord Wriothesley was constituted Lord Chancellor of
England (see page 147), and the same year he was made a Knight of
the Garter. (See page 154). He was subsequently appointed by

INTRODUCTION. V

King Henry one of his executors (see page 179), and named of the
Council to the young Edward VI., three days before whose corona
tion he was created Earl of Southampton, by letters patent dated
16th February, 1547. His Lordship did not long, however, main
tain his influence in this reign. Prior to the accession of the boy
king he was opposed to the Duke of Somerset, and he had little
chance, under the new order of affairs, of sustaining himself
against so powerful a rival. The Earl, in order that he might
have the greater leisure to attend to other business, had, of his own
authority as it would seem, put the great seal into commission,
and had empowered four lawyers, two of whom were canonists, to
execute, in his absence, the duties of his high office. Complaints
of this irregularity were made to the Council, which, influenced by
the Protector Somerset, readily seized the opportunity to disgrace
him. The judges were consulted upon the occasion, and gave it as
their opinion that the commission was illegal, and that the Chan
cellor, by his presumption in granting it, had justly forfeited the
great seal and had even subjected himself to punishment. He was
consequently required to deliver up the great seal (see page 183),
and having paid his fine was ordered to confine himself to his own
house during the King s pleasure.

This eminent person s position as a reformer, it may be observed,
was within the bounds of Henry the Eighth s reforms, and in this he
was in sympathy with the position taken by our chronicler, but his
opinions were not sufficiently advanced for the ultra-Protestant
regime of Edward VI. He was accustomed to observe, that " force
awed, but justice governed the world;" and that " he loved a bishop
to satisfy his conscience, a lawyer to guide his judgment, a good
family to keep up his interest, and an University to preserve his

name.

Not long after the fall of his illustrious cousin our author would
appear to have withdrawn himself from public life, for he no longer
speaks familiarly of " my Lord Mayor," * my Lord Chancellor," or
" my lord great master," as if personally acquainted with the official

V1 INTRODUCTION.

personages, but simply as the Lord Mayor, &c. In the second
part of this Chronicle occurs an entry, under the year 1550,
recording the death of the ex-Lord Chancellor. " Memorandum,
the 30th of July, Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Lord Wriothesley,
Earl of Southampton, and Knight of the Garter, and one of the
executors of King Henry VIII., departed out of this transitory life
at his place in Holborn called Lincoln s Place, about midnight; he
had been long sicke, and the 3rd of August in the forenoon he was
buried in St. Andrew s Church in Holborn at the right hand of the
high alter; Mr. Hooper, Bishop of Gloucester, preaching at the
burial." I had never seen," observes Noble, a " any other child of
William Wriothesley mentioned than this Sir Thomas, Earl of
Southampton, K.G., until I read the will of that fortunate states
man, where he notices his sisters Breten, Pounde, and Lawrence, to
each of whom he gives legacies," as he does likewise to other more
distant relations, including his cousin Charles, our author, to whom
he bequeathed 201. , a sum equal to about 2501. of our money.
The Chancellor left to succeed him a son Henry, the account of
whose christening is given by our author at page 154, " This year,
1545, on St. George s day, Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Lord Chan
cellor, was made Knight of the Garter at St. James by West
minster, and the morrowe, being St. Markes Even, he had a sonne
christned at St. Andrewes in Holborne with great solempnity, the
Kinges Majestie godfather, the Erie of Essex [being] deputy for the
Kinge, the Duke of Suffolke the other godfather, my Lady Mary
(the Princess Mary) godmother at the christninge, and the Earle
of Arundell godfather at the bishopinge; the name Henry." This
young nobleman inherited the estates and title of Earl of South
ampton in 1550. He was the first cousin, once removed, from our
author, but his religion and politics were of the opposite school,
so that the two seem to have had but little intercommunication.
Henry is well known to have been an intimate friend of Thomas

n Hist, of College of Arms.

INTRODUCTION. Vll

Duke of Norfolk, and involved himself in trouble by promoting
the contemplated marriage of that nobleman with Mary Queen of
Scots, " to whom and her religion," says Dugdale, -** he stood not a
little affected."

The origin of the Wriothesleys, like that of many other illustrious
families, is involved in obscurity. a All we can say for certain is,
that the common grandfather of our chronicler and of the first Earl
of Southampton was Sir John Wrythe, who at a very early age was
brought to the Court of Henry V., and was made by that sovereign
Antelope Pursuivant Extraordinary, afterwards Kouge-croix in Or
dinary, and then Faucon Herald, which office he received from
Henry VI. He was appointed Norroy Jan. 25th, 1476, and created
on Candlemas day following by Edward IV., which monarch also,
upon the death of John Smert, gave him the place of Garter King
at Arms, July 16th, 1478, being the third who had enjoyed that
office. This preferment laid the foundation in his family of that
distinction which the Wrythes or Wriothesleys afterwards attained.
He had 40/. yearly settled upon him, payable out of the Petit
Customs of London, and at the accession of Henry VII. received a
douceur of SOL together with a tabard (or herald s coat), in order
that he might be present at the coronation of that monarch. The
next year he was sent to the King of the Romans ; in his third year
to Ireland ; in the following one to Bretagne. In the sixth of this
reign he took the Order of the Garter to Maximilian L, King of
the Komans, afterwards Emperor of Germany, and in the ninth he
was sent with the Garter to Charles VIII., King of France.

a Segar, in his MS. Baronagium, Part III., in the College of Arms, traces the
family up to A.D. 1214, as in the following table :-

Robert Wriothesley .=pLucie, daughter to Palton.

Win. Wriothesley, s. and h.=j=Nichola, d. to Peter de 1 ontaville.

, i

Wm. Wriothesley, s. and h.=j=Agnes, d. to Robt. Giles.

, i

Sir John Wriothesley ,=Barbara, d. and h. to Januarius Dunstanville,
Garter. a descendant of King Henry I.

INTRODUCTION.

During the early part of the year 1504, only four years before
the birth of his grandson, the author of our Chronicle, he was buried
in the choir of St. Giles s Church without Cripplegate, London,
where he was laid in " a fair tomb," with his effigies and epitaph in
brass inlaid. He must have been a very old man at his death, as it
was more than sixty years from the time of his having been created
a Pursuivant. Having no paternal arms, he took Azure, a cross or,
between four falcons argent, in memory of his having been Falcon
Herald. He often varied his crest, if not his arms, says Noble, a
but he always made the former allusive to his office ; his motto was

Humble and Serviceable." In compliment to him, who had been
at the head of their incorporation, the Heralds College have
adopted his arms as their own, changing the colours. Mr. Dalla-
way, in his elegant work, has given a portrait of Sir John on
horseback, taken in 1511 from a Tournament Eoll in the Heralds
College. He is represented in a brown or sad-coloured robe, and
over it his tabard, with a verge or sceptre in his hand, and upon his
head is a cap, which, on account of his great age, he had obtained
licence to wear. He married thrice : first Barbara, daughter and
sole heir of John de Castlecomb, or, as he is by some called, Janua-
rius de Castlecomb alias Dunstanville, a lineal descendant of one of
the illegitimate sons of Henry I., by which marriage he greatly
augmented his riches and honour, and had presented to him four
children, two sons and two daughters. The elder of these sons was
William, who became York Herald, and father of Sir Thomas, Earl
of Southampton, E.G. ; and the younger, Sir Thomas, who succeeded
his father as Garter, and was the father of our chronicler.

Sir John s second wife was Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Arnold,
Esq., by Agnes his second wife, and sister and sole heir of Kichard
Arnold, Esq. She was buried in the choir of St. Giles s Church,
Cripplegate, and had this inscription upon her grave -stone :

" Elienor, wyfFof John Wrythe, Esq. daughter of Thos. Arnold,

a Noble s College of Arms, p. 81.

INTRODUCTION. IX

Esq." By her, Garter had three children, a sou John, who died
young, and two daughters, Agnes, a nun at Sion, and Barbara,
married to Anthony Hungerford, son of Sir Thomas Hungerford
of Down Ampney in Wilts, knight. Sir John s third wife was
Ann Mynne, probably a relative of John Mynne, York Herald,
by whom he had two children, Margaret, married to Mr. Vaughan,
and Isabel, married to William Gough, and secondly to John
Davers, Esq. of Worming-hall, co. Bucks.

It is, however, with Sir John s second wife, Eleanor, that we are
chiefly interested ; she was, as we are told by Noble, a the sister
and heir of Kichard Arnold. Now Richard Arnold, according to
Hearne, was the author of the Chronicle indifferently known as
" The Customes of London," " The Chronicle of the City of London,"
and " Arnold s Chronicle," of which the earlier portion of the
present Chronicle, embracing the reign of Henry VII. and the first
eleven years of Henry VIII., is little more than a paraphrase. This
is confirmatory of the supposition that the writer was Charles
Wriothesley. It is also remarkable that the name of Richard
Arnold s wife was Alice, and that our author s wife should also
have been Alice ; but whether she were the same lady does not
appear. So far as the dates serve, it is quite possible that Charles
Wriothesley might have married his grandfather s second wife s
brother s widow.

The only reference made by our author to his wife is at page 108,
where, speaking of the suppression of Barking Abbey, he writes,
" this howse with the demeanes was geaven to Sir Thomas Denis,
knight, of Devonshire, and to his heires for eaver, which Sir Thomas
Denis hath to wife my ladie MurfFen, sometyme wief to Mr. Murfen,
late Mayor of London, and daughter to Mr. Angell Dunne, and
sometime mistress to Alis my wife that now (1539) is;" from which
expression we might infer that Alice was his second wife, and not
the daughter of Mr. Mallory mentioned in the MS. genealogy in

Noble s College of Arms, p. 83.
CAMD. SOC. C

INTRODUCTION.

the College of Arms. It would likewise appear that the writer was
contemporary with Thomas Murfin or Murfen, whom he speaks of as
late mayor. Now Thomas Mirfin was Lord Mayor in 1518, which
is two yeais prior to the date at which the second edition of
Arnold s Chronicle breaks off, and ten years subsequent to the birth
of our author. It does not appear that Charles Wriothesley had
any children. He had many books, which had probably been his
father s, but he kept them, says Stow, " too long from the sight of
the learned." At his death Sir William Dethick, Garter, purchased
most of them, including possibly the original MS. of this Chronicle,
but which I have not been able to discover. The transcript from
which our text is derived was probably made for the Wriothesleys
Earls of Southampton, and came, through the marriage of Elizabeth,
daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southamp
ton, with Josceline Percy, the eleventh and last Earl of Northum
berland of the male line of the Percies, into the possession of that
family. It is known to have belonged to George fifth Duke of
Northumberland when Earl of Beverley, to whom it is supposed to
have come from his grandmother the heiress of Alnwick and Syon,
and was in his library in 1 1, Portman Square ; at the division of
whose books and library it fell to the share of its present owner.

The Wriothesleys would appear to have been a literary family,
or, besides their connection with Eichard Arnold, the chronicler of
London, Stow tells us that Sir John Wryth (the grandfather of our
chronicler), whom he misspells Sir John Eyst," made a remark-
able note of the Chart* Eegiaa, or Eoyal Charters, granted to divers
abbeys and colleges, which he gathered together in a book by com
mandment at the suppression of the monasteries, which book
he left, with divers such like monuments, to his heirs. His son Sir
Thomas, who likewise filled the office of Garter, is recorded by
Noble a to have also written and collected many MSS., chiefly bearing
on his official employment. The orthography of his name appeal
to have given him much perplexity, for he continually varied his

Noble s College of Arms, p. 109.

INTRODUCTION. XI

signature, at times writing himself Thomas Wr. of Crick [lade],
from his place of abode, at other times Wrye Wallingford and
Wryst Wallingford, the suffix being borrowed from his office oi
Wallingford Pursuivant, which, he held under Arthur Prince of
Wales ; and subsequently he signed himself Wreseley, Writhesley,
and Wriothesley, almost indifferently . a Queen Katharine Parr,
writing to a lady of his family, spells the name Wreseley, but the
Earls of Southampton adopted the spelling of Wriothesley. Upon
his elevation to the office of Garter, Sir Thomas came to reside in
London, and built for himself a fair house without the postern of
Cripplegate. Stow, in his " Survey," gives the following very in
teresting description of the site of the family mansion : " In Eed
Cross Street, on the west side from St. Giles s churchyard up to the
cross, there be many fair houses built outward, with divers alleys
turning into a large plot of ground, called the Jews Garden, as
being the only place appointed them in England wherein to bury
their dead, till the year 1177, the 24th of Henry II. that it was
permitted to them, after long suit to the King and Parliament at
Oxford, to have a special place assigned them, in every quarter where
they dwelt. This plot of ground remained to the said Jews till the
time of their final banishment out of England, and is now turned
into fair garden plots and summer-houses for pleasure. And on the
west side of the Red Cross is a street called the Barbican, because
sometime there stood, on the north side thereof, a burgh-kenin, or
watch-tower, of the City, called in some language (or dialect) a
barbican, as a bikeniug is called a beacon. b This burgh-kenning,
by the name of the Manor of Base-Court, was given by Edward III.

a At the accession of Henry VIII. he obtained, October 9, 1509, a new patent, in
which he is designated Thomas Wriothesley alias Writhe late called Wallino-ford
son of John Wriothesley alias Writhe late called Gartier. See Rot. Pat. 1 Hen.
VIII. Part. 2, in. 16.

b The derivation of Barbican is evidently from the two Anglo-Saxon words
"burh," a city, and "beacen" or " becun," a beacon, signifying the City watch-
tower.

Xll INTRODUCTION.

to Robert Ufford Earl of Suffolk, and was lately appertaining to
Peregrine Bertie, Lord Willoughby of Eresby.

"Next adjoining to this is one great house, called Garter House,
sometime built by Sir Thomas Writhe or Writhesley, knt., alias
Garter Principal King of Arms, second son of Sir John Writhe,
knt., alias Garter, and was uncle to Thomas the first Earl of South
ampton, Knight of the Garter and Chancellor of England ; he built
this house, and in the top thereof a chapel, which he dedicated by
the name of St. Trinitatis in Alto." It was probably in this
house that our author was born, and after he became Windsor
Herald he continued to reside in the same parish, for in a Valuation
Koll a made in the 24th year of Henry VIII. occurs a list of the
residents of this parish, amongst whom figures conspicuously Charles
Wriothesley as a gentleman valued in lands and fees at 381. 6s. 8d.,
and in goods 40Z., a handsome income in those times, while his
father Sir Thomas, then Garter, is valued at only 40/. in fees.
Another member of the College of Arms, Norroy, was likewise a
householder in this parish, being valued at 4(K. in goods and 201.
fees; and curiously we find John Murfyn, probably a relative of the
late Lord Major, valued at 20L, thus showing that the Murfyns,
at whose house our author met with his wife Alice, were neighbours
of the Wriothesley s.

Our author may therefore be said to have passed his life in the
midst of that part of London which was the heart of its ancient
traffic. Here was the Chepe or great City market, which he must
have traversed almost daily on his way from his private residence to
his office at the College of Arms, and in his way too was the famous
Paul s Cross, at which the fathers of the Keformation delivered their
fervid harrangues to wondering audiences so often alluded to in his
narrative of the events of those stirring times. At page 80 he in
forms us that he was present in Smithfield at the martyrdom of Friar

a This list is preserved in the Public Record Office, and is described in Calendar
of State Papers, Henry VIII. vol. iii. part. ii. No. 2486.

INTRODUCTION. Xlii

Forrest, when he estimated the by-standers at above ten thousand
persons; and in another place (seep. 126) he describes the surprise of
the people on hearing the tidings of the execution of the Lord Dac-res,
whom they supposed would be pardoned. On the north side of the
Chepe, or Cheapside as it has since been designated, and in the direct
line from our author s house to the cathedral or church of St. Paul,
the goldsmiths had their line of shops, called Goldsmiths Row,
where they exhibited their attractive display in view of the wor
shippers proceeding to the cathedral church, just as such a row has
existed down to our own day near Notre Dame at Paris, and in the
approaches to other great continental churches. Then , in the imme
diate neighbourhood of his house was the ancient church of St.
Giles, in which, as Stow tells us, of old time was a fraternity or
brotherhood of our Blessed Lady or Corpus Christi and St. Giles,
founded by John Belancer, in the 35th year of Edward III. The
destruction of the interior of this church by fire in 1545 is narrated
by our chronicler at page 161.

" The 12th day of September (in the 37th year of King Henry
VIII.), about four of the clock in the morning, the church of St.
Giles without Cripplegate was espied on fire, whjch church, with
the steeple and bells, was clean burned before seven of the clock in
the same morning, the stone walls only saved, which could not
burn ; by what means no man could tell." This mention of the
destruction of one of the City churches would have been very
unlikely to have been made by a general historian not interested in
the locality ; but is very natural as coming from the pen of an old
parishioner, especially of one so intimately concerned in the fate of
the sacred edifice as was Charles Wriothesley, whose father and
grandfather were buried there.

After this conflagration the church of Saint Giles was almost
immediately restored, being, as Stow tells us in his Survey of
London, "a very fair and large church, lately repaired, after that
the same was burnt in the 37th Henry VIII. by which mischance
the monuments of the dead in this church are very few;" notwith-

XIV INTRODUCTION.

standing, says he, "I have read of these following: Sir John
Writh alias Writhesley , Garter King-at-Arms ; Joan, wife to
Thomas Writhesley, Garter, daughter and heir to William Hah
Esq. ; John Writhesley, the younger, son to Sir John Writhesley
and Alianor; Alianor, second wife to John Writhesley, daughter
and heir to Thomas Arnold, being sister and heir to Eichard
Arnold, Esq.; John, her son and heir; and Margaret with her
daughter." Besides these monuments of the Wriothesleys, Stow
enumerates about a dozen others, including that of Thomas Hanley,
Clarencieux King at Arms, and several erected subsequent to the
fire, as that " of the learned John Foxe, writer of the Acts and
Monuments of the English Church, 1587, and that of the skilful
Robert Glover, Somerset Herald, 1588."

Some time after his father s death Charles Wriothesley removed
from Saint Giles s into the neighbouring parish of Saint Sepulchre s,
where he died in the house of the distinguished historian and anti
quary Camden, as we learn from his funeral certificate, which, by
the courtesy of Mr. Tucker, Rouge-Croix pursuivant, I am here
enabled to insert :

Charles Wryothesley, Esq r . al s Wyndsor Herauld of Armes, departed
in his lodging at Camden s howse, in the paryshe of Sepulchres in London,
on Sonday the 25th of Januarye 1561, A 4 Eliz. Reginse, about vi. of
the cloeke in the morning, and was buryed on the Tuesday mornyng
next after in the myddle Isle of the Churche there, as followeth :

It m the sayd corpse being cov ed with a pawle of black velvett
garnyshed with scocheons of his owne armes and hys wyfe, and all alonge
the corpse lay above the pawle a ryche cote of the Quenes Ma ties Armes,
which corpse was carryed by 4 poore men in gowns.

And at eche corner went a pursuyvant of Armes in mornyng gowns
and nodes weerynge the Qnenes cotes of Armes. Then next after fol
lowed Somersett herauld as morner in a gowne and a hoode. Then after
theym followed Garter, Clarenceaux, Chester, York, Richmond, and
Lancaster and Rose, not in theyre mornyng habytt, for which bury all
the offyce of Armes sawe all things payd and dyscharged.

INTRODUCTION. XV

So far as I can gather from his writing, our Chronicler was opposed
in principle to the usurpations of the Papacy, and went with " our
Sovereign and Emperor " Henry VIII. in his endeavours to found
a National Church, and even looked with complacency on the
complete separation from Rome and the abolition of all supersti
tious images; but on the accession of Edward VI. the reforming
zeal of the Protestant movement rather scandalized him, as it
threatened to sweep away all that was venerable in the outward
ceremonies of religion. It was consequently with a friendly eye
he viewed the prospect of a return to the ancient regime on the
accession of Queen Mary, as did probably the great bulk of the
nation, until her bigotry and cruelty alienated the affections of
her subjects, and drove our author, with many other literary men,
to seek safety in seclusion ; hence the last portion of this Chronicle
will not be found so valuable as the middle portion, containing
comparatively fewer particulars not to be gleaned from other
sources.

The comparative inferiority of the earlier portion of this Chronicle
in comparison with the middle is easily accounted for by the youth
of the writer, who was not born till the last year of the reign of
Henry VII., and had therefore to derive his earlier information
from the experience of others. He consequently adopted the last
portion of Arnold s Chronicle as the commencement of his history
with but slight variations, and was not at the pains to correct
several obvious blunders in his relative s narrative. As it is only
the reign of Henry VII. and the first eleven years of Henry VIII.
that our author has embodied in his history, it is not requisite here
to enter upon an exhaustive analysis of the sources from which
" The Customes of London are derived; but in passing I may
observe, that an ancient MS Chronicle of London, preserved in the
College of Arms, distinguished as MS. Arundel XIX., and another
similar Chronicle in the British Museum among the Cotton. MSS.
marked Julius B. I., seem to have furnished Arnold with the chief
portion of his information anterior to his own time.

XVI INTRODUCTION.

After the eleventh year of Henry VIII. our author would appear
to have chiefly depended upon his own observation, and to have
made but little use of the writings of others, and this renders his
history of the greater value as an independent authority. As this
point is of the utmost importance in estimating the comparative
value of the present publication, I will lay before the reader a few
passages, selected out of a great many similar ones, which place it
beyond a doubt that our author was contemporary with the events
he describes :

Page 53. This young Lord Henry Fitz-Roy was maried to the Duke
of Norfolkes daughter named Ladie Marie, and her mother was daughter
to the last Duke of Buckhinghame, but the said yonge Duke had nearer
layne by his wife, and so she is maide, wife, and now a widow. I praie
God send her now good fortune.

Page 64. Alsoe, the 27th daye of Maye 1537, being Trynytie
Sondaye, there was Te Deum sounge in Powles for joye of the Queenes
quickninge of childe, my Lord Chaunseler, Lord Privaye Seale, with
diverse other Lordes and Bishopps, beinge then present; the Mayre
and Aldermen with the beste craftes of the cyttye beinge there in their
lyveryes, all gevinge laude and prayse to God for joye of the same, wher
the Bishopp of Worcester, called Docter Latyrner, made an oration afore
all the Lordes and Commons, after Te Deum was songe, shewinge the
cause of their assemblye, which oration was mervelouse fruitefull to the
hearers ; and alsoe the same night was diverse greate fyers made in
London, and a hogeshead of wyne at everye fyer for poore people to
diinke as longe as yt woulde laste ; I praye Jesue, and it be his will,
send us a Prince.

Page 84. This yere (1538), the 19th day of August, beinge Monday,
Mr. John Audley departed out of this world at mydnight at his place
of Hodnill, in Warwyckeshire, which sayd Mr. Audley was husband
to the Duches of Buckingham, departed, and after was marryed to
Maister Spencers wyfe of Warwickshire, which remayned nowe his
wydowe.

Page 85. This yere (1538), the first daye of September, beinge
Sondaye, at Clerkenwell, where the wrestlinge is kept, after the

INTRODUCTION. XVll

wrestlinge was done, there was hanged on a payre of gallowes, newe
made, in the same place, the hangman of London [one Cratwell] and
two more for robbinge a bouth in Bartlemewe fayre, which sayd hangman
had done execution in London since the Holy Mayde of Kent was hanged,
and was a conninge butcher in quarteringe of men.

Page 100. The Parliament begunne in Aprill last past (1539) brake
up the 28th daye of June, and was rejourned till the morrowe after All
Soules daye next comminge.

Page 119. This yeare (1540), the eight daie of Maie, Mr. Richard
Farmar, grocer, of London, a man of great londes and substance, was
arraigned in the Kinges Bench at Westmester for misprisonmente of
certaine seditious wordes spoken by him against the Kinges Majestic,
wherfore he was that daie condempned to perpetuall prison, and all his
landes and goodes forfeit to the King, which was great pitie that he
used himself so, for he was a gentle person and wel beloved in the cittie,
and had kept a great howse in the cittie, and had married his children to
great manages.

Page 119. This yeare (1540), in the beginning of Julie, the King
was divorced from his wife Queene Anne, daughter to the Duke of
Cleve, because she was contracted to a Duke in her [own] countrey
before she came into England, and Sir Thomas Crumwell, Earle of Essex,
had kept it secrett from the Kinge, which was great pitie that so good a
ladie as she is should so sone [have] lost her great joy; nevertheles the
King hath geaven her fower thousande poundes by the yeare with fower
goodlie manners in England to keepe her estate during her lief, and she
is purposed to remaine still in this lande.

The account of this Queen s first interview with Henry VIII. after
her landing in England is more circumstantial, and differs materially
from the ordinary received narratives. (See page 109.)

Having, as I hope, adduced satisfactory proof that this Chronicle
is synchronous with the events described, it is proper that I should
call the attention of the reader to the remarkable circumstance that
at folio 598 of the MS. occurs a direct reference to Stow s Annales,
which, if made by the original compiler of the Chronicle, would
scatter such evidence to the winds. The edition of the Annales to

CAMI). SOC. d

XV) 11 . INTRODUCTION.

which reference is made was not published till 1592, and is now
exceedingly scarce. A copy, however, exists in the Archiepis-
copal Library at Lambeth, and has been kindly referred to for
me by the librarian. The next edition of Stow was that in 1631,
edited by Edmund Howes. It will be readily perceived, therefore,
that this reference fixes the date of our MS. to the close of the
sixteenth or commencement of the seventeenth centuries, which
corresponds well with the handwriting and spelling of the MS., but
renders it extremely improbable that the writer of the note in
question was the author of the Chronicle. The words of the note
are "the rest is at large set downe in Mr. Stowe s Annales of
England, p. 1067." This note is in the same handwriting as the
text, and must consequently be referred to the transcriber, who, as
he neared the conclusion of his task, was anxious to save time and
space.

It is likewise observable that Stow, in the list of authors made
use of by him in his 1565 edition of the " Summaries of English
Chronicles," places Arnold s Chronicles first, and speaks of them in
the plural number, as if more than one were known to him ; it is
possible that he may have considered this Chronicle a continuation of
Arnold. This also would explain the mistake made by the learned
compiler of the catalogue of Lord Oxford s printed books, who
mentions a third edition of Arnold, whereas it is well known that
only two editions of Arnold s Chronicle were published the first
in 1502 and the second about 1521 until a comparatively recent
period, when Mr. F. Douce brought out his third edition in 1811.
It would be tedious to go through an analytical comparison of the
many points of agreement more or less close to be met with in the
reigns of Henry VIII. and his successors wherein this Chronicle
coincides with the narratives of Hall, Grafton, Holinshed, and
Stow, more particularly the two last, who, although posterior,
nevertheless enjoyed the friendship of the same persons with whom
Wriothesley was acquainted. Thus we find that Eaphael Holin-
shed s intimate friend and assistant in the compilation of his

INTRODUCTION. XIX

Chronicle was Francis Thynne, Lancaster Herald, who, being a
member of the College of Arms, would have ready access to the
same sources of information as Wriotheslev, who was Windsor

4/ *

Herald, if not the use of this very Chronicle. In like manner in
Harleian MSS. Cod. 543, which is a collection by Stow of histo
rical materials, at fol. 119 occurs the entry " Notes taken out of a
book borrowed of Mr. York Herald." In criticising the respective
value of these authorities Hallam a observes that Hall, who wrote
under Edward VI., is our best witness for the events of Henry s
reign, Grafton being so literally a copyist from him as scarcely to
be regarded, while Holinshed, though valuable, is later than Hall,
and Stow later still. We should here notice that the present
Chronicle was unknown to Hallam, and is prior to Hall.

-The chief rivalry appears to have been between Holinshed and Stow,
who both published their histories simultaneously. Thus we read in
Stow s edition of his " Annales," published in 1605, that his "larger
volume and historic of this iland," which he had " made readie for
the presse " at the instigation and under the patronage of Arch
bishop Parker, was prevented from seeing the light, " by the printing
and reprinting, without warrant or well liking, of Raigne Wolfe s
Collection and other late commers, by the name of Eaphaell Holin
shed his Chronicle." The manuscript of this last -mentioned work of
Stow, which the author describes as "orderly written," is not known
to be now in existence, and at first sight I had some doubt whether
the present chronicle might not have formed a portion of the missing
work ; but a closer investigation and comparison of the hietory with
Stow s known works entirely dispelled such notion, and led to the
identification of the author as Charles Wriothesley. It has been
suggested that the book entitled " The Succession of the History of
England," by John Stow, folio, 1638, of which a description will
be found in Loundes s " Bibliographer s Manual," was a portion of
Stow s missing work, and this very probably may be the case ; but

* Const. Hist. ed. 187J, p. 28, note 3.

XX INTRODUCTION.

certainly the present Chronicle cannot be referred to the same source,
notwithstanding the close similarity of expression in certain passages :
e.g., " It was, saith mine author, a pitiful thing to hear the lamen
tation that the people in the country made for them," meaning the
lesser monastic houses. Now this passage, which is quoted from
the 1631 edition of the " Annales," is almost identical with the
words of our Chronicle (see page 43):" It was pitie the great
lamentation that the poore people made for them (the lesser monastic
houses), for there was great hospitalitie kept amonge theim."
The numerous variations made by Stow in his several editions of
the Annales" renders such comparison the more difficult, and in
some instances even impossible, from the disappearance of one of these
editions, viz. the first, which, according to Watt s " Bibliotheca,"
was published in 1573, in 12mo.; and the second, which came out
in 1580, is not called by that name ; while the third, viz. that of
1592, is only to be found in the Lambeth Library, and has been
kindly referred to for me by Mr. Kershaw. The other two editions
appeared in 1601 and 1605 respectively, but the last is almost iden
tical with that of 1601, having only one sheet reprinted and a sup
plement added, continuing the history down to the 26th of March,
1605, being only ten days prior to the author s death. The circum
stance of the author of our Chronicle dwelling within a stone s-throw
of John Stow at the time they were both engaged in writing their
respective stories is another reason of their accord in the narration
of minute particulars relative to the City. While the former resided
in the parish of St. Giles-without-Cripplegate, near Red Cross Street,
the latter was dwelling near the well within Aldgate, as we learn
from Stow s narrative of the events of the year 1549, when he tells
us how the bailiff of Romford suffered the penalty of the law in
that precinct, " being executed upon the pavement of my door
where I then kept house." Stow afterwards removed to Lime Street
Ward, where he continued to reside until his death in April 1605.
Our author removed to the house of Camden, in the parish of St.
Sepulchre, where he died in 1561, as we have before seen. It

INTRODUCTION. XXI

will be observed that Stow, although contemporary, was some
what later in time, having been born in 1525, while our chronicler
was born in 1508 ; consequently, while our Chronicler is contempo
raneous, Stow had to borrow the facts of the earlier portion of the
Tudor period, including the whole of the reign of Henry VIII.,
from pre-existing sources, of which he would appear to make no
secret, by the frequent occurrence of such expressions as "so saith
mine author," " according to my record," &c. He however seldom
named his authority : this leaves us in doubt whether he or his
continuator and editor Edmund Howes had access to the present
Chronicle. I am inclined to think Stow never saw it, but that
Thynne and Howes did, and the latter made use of it for his edition
of Stow s " Annales," on which, as he tells us, " he bestowed thirty
years labour," i.e. in bringing the edition of 1631 "into that good
order and method in which we now see it." Upon this assertion
Bishop Nicholson, in his "Historical Libraries," facetiously observed
" that Howes must indeed have been very unfortunate if, after all
this pains, he be justly liable to the sharp sentence Fuller has passed
upon him, * that he is as far short of Mr. Stow in goodness, as our
age is of the integrity and charity of those that went before it.
How it chanced that the transcriber of Lord Henry Percy s MS.
came to refer to the 1592 edition of Stow s "Annales" may possibly
be explained on the supposition that this was the transcript made
by Howes, who, knowing that the incident of the Russian ambas
sador s shipwreck was more circumstantially narrated by Stow than
in this Chronicle, would naturally abbreviate the passage, and make
a reference to the edition of that book then lying before him.

Further evidence that the reference to Stow s Annales of 1592
was made by the transcriber and not by the writer of the Chronicle,
is furnished by the attempt made by the same person to tamper
with the date of the death of Queen Jane, so as to make it coincide
with that erroneously given to that event by Stow, Grafton, Hall,
Godwin, and most other ancient historians. Now this event, as
proved by an original letter of Sir John Russell to Crumwell, still

XXll INTRODUCTION.

extant in the Public Record Office, took place on the 24th Oct.
1537, and not on the 14th, as stated by Stow and others, making
the Queen s death to have taken place twelve days after the birth of
the infant prince Edward, instead of almost immediately, on which
error was based the story of that prince having been brought into
the world by the Csesarean operation. Our chronicler correctly
states (see p. 66), that the infant prince was born 6 on Friday,
being the Eve of St. Edward the Confessor, at two of the clock
in the morning, at Hampton Court beside Kingston, and the
same day at eight o clock in the morning Te Deum was sung in
every parish church throughout London After mentioning the
birth on the 12th Oct. our Chronicler proceeds at page 67 to describe
his christening on the 15th, and then on Thursday the 18th, being
St. Luke s day, the proclamation of the young Prince at Court as
heir to King Henry VIII., " with the title of Prince of Wales,
Duke of Cornwall, and Earl of Chester;" followed on the 19th (see
page 69) by a solemn procession through London, " which was
done for the preservation and welfare of the Prince and the health
of the Queen ;" so that the Queen, according to our author, was
then living. After this in the position of the 24th, although
written the 14th, occurs the passage recording the Queen s death:
* This yeare, the 14th of October, beinge Wednesday, Queene Jane
departed this lyfe, lyeinge in childe bedd, about 2 of the clocke in
the morninge." Now the 14th was Sunday, and could not there
fore have been the date intended by the original writer of the
Chronicle, who was most scrupulously exact in making the day of
the week and month correspond ; whereas the 24th would have
fallen upon Wednesday, clearly proving that that was the date
originally written, but that it had been altered by the copyist into
the 14th to make it agree with Stow.

Although Stow has so largely forestalled the information contained
in this volume, his narrative being in some parts even more circum
stantial than our author s, that at first sight the latter appears to
possess but little of novelty, and consequently to be of minor import-

INTRODUCTION. XXlll

ance to the historian, who was already in possession of the facts;
yet on a closer inspection it will be found almost as valuable for
what it omits as for what it adds. In the instance of Anne Boleyn s
disgrace and execution this comparison of authorities leads to some
new and important results. It is observable that no mention is
made in this Chronicle of the oft-repeated tale of the King s sudden
fit of jealousy conceived whilst witnessing the jousting at Green
wich. The fact of the jousts having taken place on the 1st of May
1536 is accurately stated, u in which George Boleyn Viscount
Rochford acted as chief challenger, and Henry Norris as principal
defendant ;" but no mention is made of the King s jealousy.
Stow, however, adds, " from these jousts King Henry suddenly
departed to Westminster, having only with him six persons; of
which sudden departure many men marvailed;" and Sanders
furnishes the additional information " that, the Queen dropping her
handkerchief, one of her gallants took it up and wiped his face with
it." On the other hand, Burnet, who was at much pains to learn
all he could respecting this affair, observes, that " this circumstance
is not spoken of by Spelman, a judge at that time, who wrote an
account of the whole transaction with his own hand in his common
place book."

Anne Boleyn, it will be remembered, was at this time in no great
favour with the King, and, as we shall presently show, the prelimi
nary investigation as to the correctness of her conduct had already
been initiated. Indeed, ever since the death of the ex-queen Katha
rine, in January 1535-6, she had been the object of detestation to
a powerful political party, which opposed the spread of the Reforma
tion doctrines, and which sought to renew the alliance of England
with Germany in opposition to France. Her usual designation with
the German Ambassador and other leaders of this party was " the
concubine, 5 a and now that the great obstacle to the mutual friend
ship of the King with his nephew the Emperor Charles V. was

a See Chapuys Correspondence, printed in 1870 by Froude in his History, vol. ii.
Appendix.

XXIV INTRODUCTION.

removed by the death of Queen Katharine, it became a political
necessity with this party that Anne Boleyn should be expelled from
court. The King had not made up his mind how he intended to
act, being favourably disposed towards the German alliance, but
resolved never again to submit to the Papal interference in his
dominions, and, as the Queen was enceinte, he naturally was in hopes
of a male heir, which might possibly have set all things right. At
this juncture Bishop Stokesley, of London, being asked by one of
Anne s political adversaries how he ought to act, the Bishop
answered warily, that he would give his opinion to no one but the
King, nor to the King himself until he had discovered which way
his Majesty s inclinations lay. Verily, writes Chapuys, " the
Bishop would not risk the effects of Anne s displeasure if there
were a chance of her remaining in favour." Crurnwell s plan was
to bring about a reconciliation with the Pope and so procure a
nullification of the King s marriage with Anne Boleyn; but the
King would not listen to any proposition which involved a submis
sion to Papal jurisdiction, so that some other course had to be
devised. Had Anne s accouchement terminated propitiously in the
birth of a son, it is possible that the King s affections might have
been retained and an effectual opposition offered to the proposed
alliance with the Emperor. The Queen, however, was prematurely
delivered of a still-born male child, and, as this was the second time
she had disappointed the King s hopes, his vexation knew no bounds.
He seems to have attributed this miscarriage to her levity of con
duct; she referred it to the shock which her system received on
seeing the King thrown from his horse at the jousts. At which
accident, writes our chronicler (see p. 33), " she tooke such a fright
withall that it caused her to fall in travaile, and so was delivered
afore her full tyme, which was a great discomfort to all this realme."
Our chronicler might have added, " and the signal of her ruin ; " for
Henry was so passionately bent on having a male heir to succeed
him on the throne, that he evidently had determined to set aside
one wife after another until this object were attained.

INTRODUCTION. XXV

In the Journals of the Lords we have preserved to us the royal
speech read by Lord Chancellor Audley on the 8th of June, 1536,
at the opening of the Parliament which was called to ratify the
condemnation of Queen Anne and the King s marriage with Jane
Seymour. In that remarkable document the King laments his hard
fate, that, after having been so disappointed in his first two mar
riages, he should be obliged, for the welfare of the nation, to enter
upon a third, " a personal sacrifice not required of any ordinary
man." a And, stranger still as it may seem, the Parliament re-echoed
the King s words, thanking his Majesty for his self-devotion, and
the care he had for securing an undisputed succession. At any
other period such language would have been incomprehensible; but
when we call to mind that scarcely half a century separated those
times from the Civil Wars of the Koses we can form some slight
conception of the objections to a female succession, which might on
any pretext be set aside by any ambitious claimant who had the
audacity and power to appeal to arms. Such claimant actually
existed in the person of James V. of Scotland, who came next in.
succession after the children of Henry VIII., being the heir of Mar
garet, eldest daughter of Henry VII., and consequently nephew of
the King.

Disappointed and annoyed in his domestic relations, the King s
health began to fail, and, rightly or wrongly, he became suspicious.
His fears were further aroused by the report of his physician, who
had been sent to investigate the cause of death of the late Queen
Katharine. The physician at first stated that she had died a natural
death, but, being required to make a fuller report, after a post
mortem examination he returned answer that there could be no
doubt as to the cause of her death, her heart being black. b This

a " Quern vel mediocris conditionis virum non deterrerent ha^c a tertio matrimonio,
cum in primo graves sumptus et animi molestias, in secundo autem maxima pericula,
quee illi, durante toto illo tempore, immmebant, in memoria repetatur." Journals
of the Lords, vol. i. p. 84.

b See Chapuys Correspondence, Froude, vol. ii. Append.
CAMD. SOC. e

XXVI INTRODUCTION.

presumed employment of slow poison to bring about Katharine s
death was at once popularly referred to the malign machinations
of " the concubine" and her brother Lord Rochford, whose known
animosity to the late Queen and her daughter the Princess Mary had
been but too plainly exhibited in their abortive attempts to bring
their rivals within the grasp of the new Act of Supremacy, and it
was not entirely without cause that fears were expressed by the
German ambassador for the personal safety of the Princess Mary,
who was urged to make her timely escape to the continent. Al
though there is no evidence of any attempt having been actually
made against the life of that princess, there can be little doubt that
Anne and her supporters would have regarded with satisfaction any
event which might have removed the Princess Mary out of the way,
and thus left the question of the succession clear for the Princess
Elizabeth, who was regarded as the hope of the Reformation. It
would not be fair to attribute all the ill effects of these Court
jealousies to one party only; for, while on the one side Anne Boleyn
had made use of her influence with the King to oppose the interests
of Katharine, and is said to have had the bad taste to show her
satisfaction on hearing of that Queen s death " by wearing yellow
for mourning," Katharine, on the other hand, had never ceased to
plot and agitate for the dismissal of " the concubine" from Court,
and had roused half the nobility of the kingdom to side with her in
trying to persuade her nephew, the Emperor Charles V., to send an
expedition to England to effect this object. Henry was no doubt
aware of these machinations, but he lightly regarded them, cor
rectly concluding that if left alone they would come to nothing, as
his nephew the Emperor was not likely to encourage rebellion under
any pretext.

It is scarcely necessary to say that there is no positive evidence
of the employment of poison by Anne, neither is it probable that
she should have resorted to such means to gratify her jealousy.
It is much more probable that the physician s report was based on
insufficient or defective analysis, or that he was prejudiced by the
powerful political influence brought to bear on him. These suspi-

INTRODUCTION. XXV11

cions, however, whether groundless or well founded, were not
confined to the King, or to the individual case of Queen Katharine.
Just at this time the Duke of Kichmond, the King s bastard son by
Elizabeth Blount, began to show symptons of decline, and his malady
was likewise attributed to the administration of slow poison by his
stepmother Anne, whom he was not long after to follow to the grave.

In narrating the circumstances of his decease, which occurred on
the 22nd July, about six weeks after the execution of Anne, our
chronicler says (p. 53), " It was thought that he was privelie poysoned
by the meanes of Queene Anne and her brother Lord Rotchford, for
he pined inwardlie in his bodie long before he died. God knoweth
the truth thereof. 5 With these suspicions rife in the public mind,
we may conclude that a supposed plot against the life of the King
and his children, as set forth in the indictment, was the real ground
of the proceedings taken against Anne and her intimate associates,
and that the charges of adultery and incest were additional counts
to support the treason, and to account for Anne s supposed object in
wishing to get rid of the King, in order that she might marry some
one of the pretended accomplices. (See Appendix, p. 195.)

This view is borne out by the wording of the indictment, which,
after setting out the several charges of adultery, which are repre
sented as having been committed at Westminster, Hampton Court,
and Eltham, on days when the King was absent (see Appendix,
p. 191, et seq.), goes on to specify, " that the Queen and other the
said traitors jointly and severally, 31 Oct. 27 Hen. 8, and at various
times before and after, compassed and imagined the King s death,
and that the Queen had frequently promised to marry some one of
the traitors whenever the King should depart this life, affirming
she could never love the King in her heart."

" Furthermore, that the King, having come to the knowledge of
and meditating upon the false and detestable crimes, vices, and
treasons committed against him within a short time now passed, had
conceived and taken to heart a sorrow and sadness by reason of the
coldness of his Queen towards him, and her adulterous conduct, so
that many injuries, evils, and perils have accrued and supervened
therefrom to his royal body." (See Appendix, pp. 196, 219.)

XXV111 INTRODUCTION.

The fact that the disorder of which the King ultimately died
ulceration of the legs had already begun to show itself is not gene
rally known, but such was undoubtedly the case, as we learn from a
confidential letter of the King to the Earl of Surrey, written in
1537, or nearly ten years before his death, explaining the reasons
for which he could not make a progress into the North :

Nevertheless, to be frank with you, which we desire you in any wise to
keep to yourself, being an humour fallen into our legs, and our physicians
therefore advising us in nowise to take so far a journey in the heat of the
year, whereby the same might put us to further trouble and displeasure,
it hath been thought more expedient that we should, upon that respect
only, though the grounds before specified had not occurred with it, now
change our determination, than that we should be too precise in that
which to us, and our whole realm, might after minister some cause of
repentance.

How Anne could be held directly answerable for this affliction of
Providence at first appears difficult to comprehend, but the inference
is that by her perverseness and levity of conduct, including the
offence of her miscarriage, she had so wearied and lowered the
King s mental and physical tone that the above-mentioned ailments
had seized upon his constitution, " to the danger of the King s
person and body, and to the scandal, danger, detriment, and dero
gation of the issue and heirs of the said King and Queen (see
Appendix, p. 196); which offence, by the statute made in the
twenty-sixth year of this reign, amounted to treason. " So that,"
as Burnet observes, " the law made for Anne and her issue was now
made use of to destroy her." Of the correctness of this view the
records preserved in the Baga de Secretis and the Chapuys Corre
spondence furnish abundant evidence, and if Anne had spoken of the
Kings s death even in jest, as she appears to have done by her own
admission, it was no slight offence in the eye of the law. From Sir
William Kingston s Reports to the Council of what transpired whilst
Anne was under his custody in the Tower, we derive the information
that Anne had actually been so indiscreet as to speak of the King s
death as a probable event. The occasion, as related by Kingston, was

INTRODUCTION. XXIX

a conversation with Mrs. Cozen, who was one of the ladies appointed
to wait on the Queen whilst in the Tower. Mrs. Cozen having asked
the Queen " why Norris had said to her almoner on Saturday last
that he could swear to her being a good woman," the Queen
replied, " Marry, I bade him do so; for I asked him why he did not
go through with his marriage, and he made answer that he would
tarry a time. Then, said I, you look for dead men s shoes; for, if
ought but good should come to the King, you would look to have
me. He denied it; and I told him that I could undoe him if I
would." This imagining of the King s death corresponds very
nearly with the phrase used in the indictment, and, although uttered
without any intention of compassing it, yet might bring the speaker
within the meshes of the law of treason as then interpreted. It was
not sufficient that the Queen of England should be innocent of the
actual crimes imputed ; she should have been above suspicion,
whatever latitude of conduct might be taken by her gallant lord,
which Anne certainly was not. It may be true that none of her
recorded words necessarily bore a more serious construction than
that of imprudence and over- familiarity with some of her courtiers
and servants, for which an excuse has been sought by reference to
her long residence in France, and the latitude allowed at the French
Court, where such matters were not regarded as even indecorous.
But such excuses were not likely to be admitted by her judges, and
at the time of her trial these laches of good breeding were con
sidered quite sufficient to lend a primd facie probability to the worst
insinuations. It was, no doubt, also remembered to her disad
vantage that her original connection with the King was extremely
reprehensible. It could not be forgotten that she had for long
months corresponded with Henry before his divorce from Queen
Katharine, .and had received from him, without remonstrance, love-
letters replete with coarse sensuality, relieved only by scholastic
pedantry, thus laying herself open to the charge of encouraging the
addresses of a married man, which she unquestionably did ; and this
illicit correspondence was carried on under the most disgraceful
circumstances, for she well knew that her schemes of self-aggrandize-

XXX INTRODUCTION.

ment could not be achieved except by wounding to the heart a
kind and indulgent mistress, under whose protection she had been
advanced to honour. All these things were against her at her trial.
It is a quibble rather than any valid excuse to urge that she had
persuaded herself the King s marriage with Katharine was illegal and
null. Of this she could neither be an impartial nor a fit judge. Even
if the ecclesiastical objections to the marriage had been as clear as
they were the reverse, that would make no difference either as to
the delicacy or the morality of her conduct. Nor was this " pure
maiden" free from scandal in the matter of adultery, for before the
King had gone through the formality of a divorce, and before she
herself had been married, even in private, she went on a progress
with the King, and exercised such a suspicious influence over him
that Christian charity would find it hard to repel grosser insinuations.*
When after her ill-starred marriage her levity of conduct exposed
her to the same taunts, it was natural to believe her guilty of the
like offences with others as she had committed with the King. The
suspicion too that she had employed slow poison to bring about the
death of certain members of the royal household was also widely
diffused, as we learn not only from this Chronicle but from the cor
respondence of Chapuys recently brought to light by the researches
of Mr. Froude. Amongst the papers at Vienna is a narrative of an
interview between the King and young Henry, who, coming to
receive his father s blessing, as was the English custom, before he
retired to rest, " the King burst into tears, saying, that he and his
sister (meaning the Princess Mary) must thank God for having
escaped the hands of that accursed and venomous harlot who had
intended to poison them." " From these words," observes Chapuys
to the Emperor, "it would appear the King knows something." This

a It is difficult to believe that Anne s prudence should have been surprised at the
end of so long a courtship, though, as Fuller says of her, " she was cunning in her
chastity." Yet a contemporary letter of the French ambassador, and the premature
birth of the Princess Elizabeth on the 7th Sept. 1533, being only seven months and
thirteen days after the private marriage on the 25th January preceding, countenance
this assertion. See Archasologia, vol. xviii. 77-82 ; also Harl. MSS. 283, 22, and
287, 1, both of which are wrongly dated in catalogue.

INTRODUCTION. XXXI

occurred on the very day on which Anne was committed to the
Tower, and was probably the secret said to have been disclosed by
Lady Wingfield on her death-bed, and which was reported to the
King at Greenwich.

How far the King believed in the truth of these criminal accu
sations, and whether it were the conviction of young Henry that
he was actually the victim of some insidious poison, which in
duced him to give his attendance, with other of the nobility, on
the Tower Green, to witness the execution of his father s wife, as
noted by our chronicler (see p. 41), it is not needful here to discuss;
certain it is that these suspicions were rife in the public mind, and
were believed by a large section if not by the majority of the English
nation. Even our chronicler, though otherwise well-inclined, as
Mr. Froude observes, to Anne, gives a modified credence to them,
as evidenced by the before-quoted passage (see p. xxvii.). It will
not be without weight here to state that Mr. Froude, who had
the perusal of the transcript of this MS. Chronicle before it was
placed in the hands of the printer, commends the writer of it
as " giving more particulars about Anne s fall than any other
English writer of the time." This expression of opinion as coming
from so distinguished an historian is no slight commendation, and
is of value in estimating its intrinsic worth as an addition to our
sources of historical information. It was not to be expected that
we should find these charges of poisoning repeated by Stow or
any of the chroniclers who wrote in the reign of Queen Elizabeth,
for to traduce the character of her mother and to question her own
legitimacy would have brought down upon themselves the resent
ment of that sovereign.

So far as I have been able to form an opinion from the docu
mentary evidence hitherto brought to light, it does not appear
that Henry personally exerted himself to pervert the course of
justice : he simply gave ear to the current Court scandals, and,
being tired of his Queen, directed that an inquiry should be insti
tuted into her conduct, which resulted in the apprehension and
committal of the Queen and her associates, as they are called, on

xxxii INTRODUCTION.

various charges of treason and adultery. When once legal proceed
ings had been instituted, witnesses were not wanting to avouch the
truth of these suspicions, and we have, preserved to our time, both
the substance of the accusations on which the judgment was based
and the whole of the legal process. Amongst the records of the
King s Bench now in the Public Eecord Office are the original
documents, contained in the Baga de Secretis, which formerly were
kept under three keys, one held by the Lord Chief Justice, another
by the Attorney-General, and the third by the Master of the Crown
Office ; and in Pouches 8 and 9 of this collection are contained the
identical instruments used at the trial of Queen Anne Boleyn and
her brother Lord Kochford, which were supposed for a long time to
have been intentionally suppressed or destroyed. So far, however,
from the Government of that time endeavouring to destroy the
evidences of the trial, as usually asserted, unwonted care was taken
to preserve a full record of the proceedings, for, besides an enrol
ment or summary of the trial, most of the original documents em
ployed on this occasion have been preserved. It is also important
to observe that the Government on this occasion, instead of resorting
to the summary process of an attainder in Parliament, which might
easily have been procured, and so shut out any possibility of escape
for the prisoners, elected rather to proceed by the ordinary course
of justice, notwithstanding the risk of an acquittal by a jury in the
event of the charges not being substantiated. The first point of
importance we gather from these documents is that the preliminary
investigation into the Queen s conduct was initiated so early as the
24th of April, when the special commission of Oyer and Terrniner
was issued to the justices of Middlesex and Kent. This circum-
stace at once dispels the possibility of the jousts at Greenwich having
been the occasion of these scandals, for they were not commenced
until the 1st of May. It is likewise clear that Anne s condemnation
was not a foregone conclusion when these investigations were insti
tuted, else the King would not have taken her down to Greenwich
with him to enjoy the spectacle of the tournament. It was not till
he was informed that there were primd facie grounds for the charges

INTRODUCTION. XXX111

which had hitherto been only whispered that he manifested a deter
mination to bring the persons accused to trial, and from that moment
he took energetic action by ordering the Queen and her accomplices
to be arrested and lodged in the Tower, after which he never saw
her again.

From the Queen s indictment (see Appendix, p. 194) we likewise
gain a clue to how these reports came to be noised abroad, for her
pretended accomplices are there described " as having become so
very jealous of each other, that, in order to. secure her affections,
they did satisfy her inordinate desires, and the Queen was so jealous
of the Lord Rochford and other the before mentioned traitors, that
she would not allow them to hold any familiarity with any other
woman without exhibiting her exceeding displeasure and indigna
tion :" which passage may be taken to mean either that they were
admitted to a guilty intimacy by the Queen or that they were so
jealous of each other that, in order to assert their favour at Court,
they did not even refrain from casting aspersions on the Queen s
honour.

When first brought before the Council, we are told, they all
maintained their innocence and the innocence of the Queen, and
were re-committed ; but being brought up a second time and cross-
examined, Mark Smeton, one of the grooms of the privy chamber
and an accomplished musician, in much favour with the Queen, con
fessed his guilt, admitting that he had committed adultery with the
Queen on three several occasions. From Sir Edward Baynton s Tetter
to the Lord Treasurer we learn that Norris, Weston, and Smeton
made general admissions, but denied resolutely that any actual
offence had been committed. On being pressed further and cross-
examined Smeton confessed to actual adultery; Norris hesitated;
being pressed, however, by Sir William Fitzwilliam to speak the
truth, he also made a similar acknowledgment, although he after
wards withdrew from what he had said. Weston persisted in
declaring himself innocent. The result was unsatisfactory, and it
was thought that it would u much touch the King s honour if the

CAMD. SOC. /

xxxiv INTRODUCTION.

i
guilt of the accused was not proved more clearly." No doubt

Baynton was right in his stricture, and glad should we be if the
result could be rendered less unsatisfactory; but the confession of
the one " varlet," as Chapuys terms him, makes a satisfactory ex
planation very difficult. If Smeton were guilty, as he confessed, of
actual adultery, the Queen must also have been guilty, and as he
does not appear to have retracted, even when brought to the gallows,
we can scarcely believe him innocent.

On the 18th of May, Kingston, who was at that time Lieutenant
of the Tower, wrote to Crumwell, telling him that the Queen had
sent for him early in the morning to speak with him touching her
innocence (apparently in the presence of Cranmer), and that she had
again sent for him while he was writing this same letter, and at his
coming had exclaimed, " Mr. Kingston, I hear say I shall not die
before noon, and I am very sorry therefore, for I thought to be
dead by this time and past my pain." I told her that it should be
no pain, it was so subtle ; and then she said, " I heard say the
executioner was very good, and I have a little neck;" and she put
her hands about it laughing heartily. " Truly this lady," adds the
Lieutenant of the Tower, "has much joy and pleasure in death."
Certainly this does not look like guilt ; but at the same time it is
impossible to reconcile the supposition of the Queen s innocence
with the admission of Smeton s guilt. Even if we set aside the
confession of Smeton as the insane utterance of a bewildered
courtier, or the base lie of a traitorous villain, it still remains a
mystery how little evidence of actual criminality can be adduced
against the parties condemned as accomplices of the unfortunate
Queen, and yet how they all died without making a clear declaration
of their innocence. Indeed, if their dying speeches may be taken
as genuine, nearly all of them acknowledged that for some cause or
other they were justly punished. The Vienna papers, comprising
as they do letters of Queen Katharine and the Princess Mary, while
on the whole they tell in favour of Anne Boleyn, allowance being
made for .the fact of their having been written by her political oppo-

INTRODUCTION. XXXV

nente and bitterest enemies, place us in this dilemma, that they
confirm the authenticity of the dying speeches of the accused, which
otherwise might have been suspected of being the spurious inven
tions of credulous ..chroniclers, or the interested utterances of an
unscrupulous Government, put into the mouths of the condemned,
and circulated in order to calm the popular mind. Amongst these
papers, however, Mr. Froude found a Spanish version of the speech
of. Lord Kochford exactly corresponding in substance with that con
tained in the present volume. (See pp. 39, 40.) This speech is not
to be met with in its entirety in any other Chronicle, and it goes
far to inculpate the Queen s brother by his own admission. It is
very unlikely that the Emperor s Ambassador should have been
imposed upon by fictitious speeches circulated by the Government,
even if an intelligent man of the world like our Chronicler could
have been so deceived, nor would Constantyne, whose Memoir is
printed in the Archseologia, vol. xxiii. pp. 63-66, and who was an
attendant at this time on Henry Norris, and had been many years
a friend and schoolfellow of William Bryerton, have accepted
such utterances as true without satisfying himself of their genuine
ness, especially as such verification would have been no difficult
matter, the public being suffered to be present at these executions.
Constantyne was a resolute Protestant, and he says that at first he
and all other friends of the Gospel were unable to believe that the
Queen had behaved so abominably. "As I may be saved before
God," he writes, " I could not believe it, afore I heard them speak
at their death." .... "But on the scaffold," he adds: " in a
manner all confessed except Mr. Norris, who said almost nothing at
all." In the like strain Archbishop Cranmer writes in his postscript
to his well-known letter to the King in behalf of the fallen Queen,
"I am exceeding sorry that such faults can be proved against the
Queen, as I heard of their relation." This postscript was added to
his letter upon his return from the interview with the Lord Chan
cellor, Lords Oxford and Sussex, and the Lord Chamberlain, in the
Star Chamber.

XXXVI INTRODUCTION.

There is, however, a third solution to this mystery, which, I
believe, has never yet been canvassed. In a recent number of the
Pall Mall Gazette, a when speaking of the apprehension and confes
sion of the supposed Nana Sahib, the writer observes :

The fear of death may be overcome in a fanatic mind by many influences.
In the late Kuka disturbances several people were condemned to death
on their own confession, and by a mere accident it was discovered only
just in time to stay their execution that they had absolutely nothing
whatever to do with the outrages. The reasons for their false statements
inviting death have scarcely been satisfactorily elucidated, but the moral
is obvious.

viz., that no man s evidence ought to be received as conclusive
against himself. The moral may be obvious to us, but it certainly
would not have been to those who lived in the reign of Henry VIII.
The worst of it, however, is that Smeton confessed to the adultery,
for which he threw himself on the King s mercy (see Appendix, p.
196), but pleaded not guilty to the other counts, on which he desired
to be tried by a jury, so that it is even difficult to believe him to
have been suffering from temporary insanity.

Such a solution, if admitted for the sake of argument, would
render intelligible the whole proceedings and clear up much of the
mystery which surrounds this political tragedy. The King, the
peers, the judges, the two grand juries, the petty juries, and the
parliament, may have all acted on this showing in their ordinary
and constitutional manner, and the law may have had its course
without undue influence being brought to bear, and yet justice may,
in this instance, as in others with which we are better acquainted,
have grievously miscarried.

It has been asserted that Smeton was bribed and tortured, but of
this I believe no evidence can be adduced, and, if such had been the
case, some trace of it would certainly have appeared in the legal pro-

Oct. 1874.

INTRODUCTION. XXXV11

ceedings. It is well known that torture was used in the case of
Anne Askew, and no secret was made of it (see this Chronicle,
p. 168), so that we should have had some mention of such a pro
ceeding had it been resorted to in this instance. It is remarkable
that in the original precept of the justices to the sheriff, which is
preserved in Pouch viii. (see Appendix, p. 203), and bears date
12th May, 1536, the name of Smeton has been erased after having
been written in, as if he had then confessed and it was not con
sidered requisite to bring him up for further examination.

In like manner the partial admission of culpability by the other
prisoners, while denying the main charge, is explained on the like
supposition; for, being in constant attendance on her majesty, it
was to be presumed that they would have been cognizant of
any marked impropriety of conduct between the Queen and her
favourite musician, and if they did not check it, or inform the King,
they were to be held answerable for their neglect of duty. Now, as
Smeton had confessed, they could not entirely rebut the charge of
complicity, and were possibly conscious that this misfortune had
been partially brought about through their own frivolities and un
wise encouragement of the Queen s coquettish pleasantries.

We, however, are still confronted with the difficulty of harmo
nising the Queen s assertion of innocence with the dubious admission,
in her dying speech on the Tower Green, to the effect " that she
had been judged according to law, and by the law condemned," or,
as our chronicler has recorded it, "I here humbly submit me to the
law as the law hath judged me." Instead of showing any bitterness
towards her husband and sovereign, Anne s speech, it should be re
marked, bears witness to the high estimation in which she still held
him personally, notwithstanding the cruel position in which she
was placed. It can therefore only be understood as implying that
she was mentally persuaded the King intended her no personal
wrong, but that her trial had been fair and open according to the
law as then administered, which is a very different thing from the
admission of unfaithfulness to the King s bed as sometimes asserted.

Xxxvm INTRODUCTION.

It should here be noted that the condemnation of the Queen, and the
other prisoners, was on the charge of treason, of which the adultery
and incest formed only separate counts; and that the adultery at
least was regarded by the archbishop as doubtful, for, in declaring
the ecclesiastical sentence of divorce, he preferred to ground his
decision on the original nullity of the Queen s marriage owing to
some pre-existing cause of ineligibility, which rendered the King s
connection with Anne Boleyn only a concubinage, and consequently
the Princess Elizabeth illegitimate. Burnet has argued that if the
marriage were originally null, as declared by Cranmer, the adultery
could not have been committed, and therefore the Queen s con
demnation was illegal ; but he overlooks the fact that the sentence
was for treason, which might be committed in a variety of ways,
even by Anne s simply not informing the King that she had been
incontinent before marriage, or that she had been affianced to any
other person, for such were the tyrannical laws passed by Henry
to protect, as he asserted, the purity of the succession.

According to our chronicler, the divorce decreed by Cranmer was
based on the supposition of a prior contract of marriage of Anne
Boleyn with Lord Henry Algernon Percy, afterwards eighteenth
Earl of Northumberland; but, as before mentioned, this was posi
tively denied by the Earl; and although it has been insinuated that
no reliance can be placed on this denial, as the Earl could not have
admitted so much without grave danger to himself, yet the high
character of the Earl, and the fact of his having been called to sit
upon the trial, from which he was obliged to retire by reason of a
sudden attack of illness, combine to make us believe that no such
pre-contract had ever been entered into, but that the true ground
of the ecclesiastical sentence of nullity of marriage passed at Lam
beth by Cranmer was the circumstance of the King s previous
connexion with Mary Boleyn, as reported by Chapuys to the
Emperor. This agrees too with Cranmer s statement that his
sentence was based on circumstances not hitherto known, but which
had lately been revealed to him by the parties themselves, so that

INTRODUCTION. XXXIX

the marriage had been null and void from the beginning. If so,
our chronicler, like most other contemporary writers, must have
been misinformed in this particular; but as the whole transaction
reflected no credit on the King, who must have known even better
than Anne Bcleyn of this impediment to their marriage, it is
reasonable to suppose that the cause was purposely kept secret for
political reasons.

Dr. Lingard had, independently of the Vienna documents, arrived
at the conclusion that the sentence of nullity of marriage was based
on the previous concubinage of the King with Anne s sister Mary,
who had succeeded the daughter of Sir John Blount as royal mis
tress, and who after being passionately loved for a season had been
in her turn abandoned by the King before Anne Boleyn s return
from the French Court. This it was with which Cardinal Pole
reproached the King in one of the letters he addressed to Henry ;
and this it was which probably rendered Anne Boleyn so reluctant
to accept the King s advances unless assured of marriage. We
might perhaps have hesitated before accepting this revolting story
as having any foundation in truth had not the Chapuys Corre
spondence confirmed all that the Cardinal had asserted.

I have carefully hitherto avoided making any reference to the
well-known letter of .Anne Boleyn preserved in the British Museum,
and which professes to have been written from the Tower to the
King pleading for mercy. It certainly is most touching, and cannot
be entirely ignored, for had it been genuine it would have told
powerfully in her favour ; but in this I cannot agree with Mr.
Froude, a who says he cannot doubt of its authenticity, although he
afterwards adds, that it is better calculated to plead the Queen s
cause with posterity than with the King, whom it could only exas
perate. Dr. Lingard on the other hand, correctly as I think, rejects
its authority as bearing no resemblance to the Queen s genuine
letters, either in language or spelling or writing, much less in

* Hist. Engl. ed. 1870.

xl INTRODUCTION.

signature; and observes, that it was very unlikely to have come
into the possession of CrumwelJ, amongst whose papers it is said to
have been found. While Strype, who wrote at a much earlier
period, appears to have seen another letter, written subsequently to
the date of this one, as would appear from the events alluded to.
In this Anne is made to say, in answer to a second invitation to
confess, that she could confess no more than she had already spoken.

In the midst of this uncertainty as to the genuineness of con
temporary authorities, not to say veracity of the narrators, it is a
relief to fall back upon such undoubted public evidences as have
been preserved to our time. In the Appendix to the present volume
will be found all the official records of what actually took place
upon this unprecedented occasion, when, for the first time in English
history, a head which had once worn a crown was struck off by the
sword of the executioner.

It is true that they have all been carefully calendared in the
Deputy Keeper s Third Eeport, but not so exhaustively as to render
the originals valueless for historical purposes. In the introduction
to these documents the calendarer states that the earlier bills of
indictment, especially of high treason, are virtually the depositions
of the witnesses, or the confessions made by accessories or associates,
and therefore throw much light on the character of the judicial pro
ceedings. Many of the trials, as those of Anne Boleyn and Lord
Rochford, took place in the Court of the Lord High Steward, and
these records contain the names of the several Peers of Parliament
who actually sat and voted upon the trial of the parties; and, as
the early Journals of the House of Lords are imperfect, this circum
stance adds considerably to the value and importance of the pro
ceedings. In the instance of Anne Boleyn a reference to these
lists of names has cleared up one of the most perplexing difficulties,
viz. as to the presence of the Earl of Wiltshire on the bench during
the trial of his children, by proving his absence in the cases of Anne
Boleyn and her brother, but his presence upon the trial of the
other prisoners. They also supply the names of the jurors both in

INTRODUCTION.

xli

Middlesex and Kent who sat on the grand and petty juries which
tried the Queen and the rest of the prisoners, proving them to have
been men of good social position and the panel indifferently returned/ 1
These documents likewise supply an abstract of the evidence, which,
although imperfect and to a degree unsatisfactory, leaves no doubt
as to the ordinary forms of procedure having been scrupulously
adhered to, so that on the face of the trial there is no evidence of
the Crown having unduly interfered to procure a conviction.

Whether or not our chronicler believed in the justice of the Queen s
sentence is uncertain, for, in narrating the proceedings at her trial,
he speaks of her as " excusing herselfe with her wordes so clearlie as
thoughe she had never bene faultie to the same." (Page 37.) It is
possible that, while believing in her fidelity to her marriage vow,
he may, like Archbishop Cranmer, have been " clean amazed in his
mind, unable to know what to think, his former good opinion of
her Majesty prompting him to believe her innocent, whilst his
knowledge of the King s justice and prudence induced him to believe
her guilty." As for Cranmer, he ought not to incur much censure,
considering he acted in this matter out of motives of humanity.

With regard to the life of Anne s successor, Jane Seymour, there is
not much noticeable in our Chronicle, with the exception of the date of
her death, as explained above (pp. xxi. and xxii.), and the statement
that her first appearance at Court was as "a waiting gentlewoman to
Queen Katharine," and not, as usually stated, as maid of honour to
Queen Anne Boleyn. This particular, not of much moment in itself,
has some interest as showing that Jane was no new favourite of the
King s, but that he must have been acquainted with her for some
considerable period. From the position she assumed, immediately
on Anne s disgrace, there must evidently have previously existed
some relations or other between her and the King, though there was

* Instructions were given that none of the jurors should be related to defendants,
and on the grand jury panel for Middlesex the names of those sworn are all taken
in order, which is also the case with the petty jury with only two exceptions, all
being knights resident within the body of the county.

CAMD SOC.

xlii INTRODUCTION.

nothing beyond rumour to show what these relations were. All
we know is that her character was previously without reproach, and
that she was chosen by the King for her comely and agreeable
person and proper age, as likely to bear him children. 8

Another event which is fully narrated by our chronicler is the
interview of Henry VIII. with his fourth wife, Anne of Cleves, on
her first landing (see p. 109). His statement is somewhat remark
able, and differs very materially from the ordinarily received accounts.
It is as follows :

On New Year s daie at afternoune the Kinges Grace, with five of his
Privie Chamber, being disguysed with clookes of marble with hoodes,
that they should not be knowen, came privelie to Rochester, and so went
upp into the chamber where the said Ladie Anne looked out at a
wyndowe to see the bull beating that was theat tyrne in the court, and
sodenlie he embraced her and kissed, and shewed her a token that the
King had sent her for her Newe Yeares gift, and she being abashed, not
knowing who it was, thanked him, and so he communed with her, but
she regarded him little, but alwaies looked out of the wyndow on the
bull beatinge, and when the King perceaved she regarded his comming
so little, he departed into [an]other chamber and putt of his cloke and
came in againe in a cote of purple velvett, and when the lordes and
knightes did see his Grace they did him reverence, and then she, per
ceiving the lordes doeing their dewties, humbled her Grace lowlie to the
Kinges Majestie, and his Grace saluted her againe, and so talked
togeether lovinglie, and after tooke her by the hand and leed her into
another chamber where they solaced their graces that night and till
Fridaie at afternoune, and then his Grace tooke his leave and departed
thence to Gravesend, and their tooke his barge, and so went to Greene-
wych that night, and she rode to Dartford that night and lodged their
till the morrowe; and on Satterdaie shee tooke her jorney towardes
Greenewych, where, at the foote of Shooters Hill, there was a pavilion
sett upp for her Grace, where mett her the Earle of Rutland, being Lord
Chamberlaine to her Grace, with the Ladie Duglas, the Dutcheses of

a See Audley s speech on the opening: of Parliament, Lords Journals, i. p. 84.

INTRODUCTION. xliii

Richmond and of Suffolke, with divers other ladies and gentlewomen
that were apoynted for dailie waiters on her Grace in the court, with also
all her Graces servantes and yeomen ; and their she lighted and changed
her apparell, and putt on a rich gowne of cloth of gould, and so lighted
on her horse againe, and rode a soft pace towardes Greenewych, and
about a mile and more from Greenewych, on the Blacke Heath, the
Kinges Majestic mett with her Grace, richlie apparayled in a cote of
cloath of goulde, with all his lordes and knightes, and, after salutation
donne between them, the Kinges Grace and she rode softlie towardes
Greenwych, all the waie from thence sett on both sides with gentlemen
in cotes of velvett and great chaynes about their neckes, the Major of
London riding in a cote of crymison velvett and a rych collar of goulde
about his necke, afore the Kinges Majestie, and all the aldermen, with
the counsell of the cittie and six score of the citizins, all in cotes of
blacke velvett with chaines of gould about their neckes, stoode alonge by
the parke side whereas she should passe by, and twentie fower merchantes
of the Htiliard in cotes of velvett with chaines, above five hundred persons,
and above tow thousand horse of their servantes in new lyveries, and
also all the craftes in London laie in barges in the Thames afore Greene
wych, their barges being well trymmed with banners and targattes, with
divers melodie of instrumentes, with also tow batchlers barges rychlie
hanged with cloth of gould of the craft of the Marcers, which was a
goodlie sight ; and so she came to Greenewych that night and [was]
receaved as Queene ; and the morrowe, being Soundaie, the Kinges
Grace kept a great court at Greenewych, where his Grace with the
Queene offred at masse, richlie apparayled ; and on Twelfe daie, which
was Twesdaie, the Kinges Majestie was maried to the said Queene Anne,
solemply, in her closett at Greenewych, and his Grace and shee went a
procession openlie that daie, she being in her haire, with a rytch cronett
of stones and pearle sett with rosemarie on her Graces heade, and a
gowne of rich cloath of silver, and richlie behanged with stonne and
pearle, with all her ladies and gentlewomen following her Grace, which
was a goodlie sight to behold.

If we contrast the above with the aecount of the same interview
from Hume s history,

xliv INTRODUCTION.

The King, impatient to be satisfied with regard to the person of his
bride, came privately to Rochester, and got a sight of her. He found
her big, indeed, and tall as he could wish, but utterly devoid both of
beauty and grace, very unlike the pictures and representations which he
had received. He swore she was a great Flanders mare, and declared
that he never could possibly bear her any affection. The matter was
worse when he found that she could speak no language but Dutch, of
which he was entirely ignorant, and that the charms of her conversation
were not likely to compensate for the homeliness of her person.

we cannot fail to be struck with the superiority of the con
temporary chronicler, who has left us so lively a picture of the
manners of those times.

Under date June 1546, (see p. 167) occurs another passage which
perhaps requires elucidation : " After the conclusion of peace,"
writes our chronicler, " the Kinges Majestic christened the Dolphins
chield, Sir Thomas Cheney, knt. and Lord Warden of the Five
Fortes being the Kinges debitey at the christning, which rode
into France with a goodlie company, and was there highlie receaved
of the French Kinge." The French King here spoken of was
Francis I., late the enemy, but now the sworn friend, of Henry,
who sent Sir Thomas Cheney into France to assist at the christening
of the Dauphin s infant daughter, to whom his Majesty of England
had proposed to stand sponsor, as a mark of esteem for his brother
of France, who on his side was so devoted, according to our
chronicler, to Henry, that after receiving the news of his death
he never rejoiced again, but died within three months after. His
obsequy was kept with great solemnity in London as well as Paris
(see p. 184), and at the requiem mass in St. Paul s Cathedral,
Bishop Ridley, of Rochester, " greatlie commended in his sermon the
said French King departed, for setting forth of the Bible and New
Testament in the French tongue to be read of all his subjectcs." This
commendation by our author of Francis I. for his religious enlighten
ment in encouraging the spread of the Scriptures reads somewhat
strange, when we call to mind that it was under his government that

INTRODUCTION. xlv

the printing of the English translation of the Scriptures was summarily
stopped at Paris in compliance with a remonstrance from the French
clergy. On this occasion most of the copies then worked off were seized
and burnt. Some few, however, of this edition having fortunately
been conveyed out of danger, the attempt to suppress it was unavail
ing, and with the connivance of the French Government the work
men and forms were then brought over into England, where the
printing was proceeded with.

A complete version of the Bible, partly by Tindal and partly by
Coverdale, had appeared in 1535, and a second edition, under the
name of Matthew, followed in 1537; but Crumwell and Cranmer,
not content with these performances, determined on a revised edition,
which was committed to the press at Paris because no printer could
be found in England capable of executing so great a work as it
ought to be. It is somewhat remarkable that the English trans
lators had to send to Paris to get their work executed, as we
find it asserted only a few years previously (statute 25 Hen. 8,
cap. 15), that " at this day (1534) there be within this realm a
great number cunning and expert in printing, and as able to
execute the said craft as any stranger." In all the editions of
the Bible in Henry s reign, though the version is substantially
Tyndal s, there are considerable variations. Thus, in the edition
of 1537, called Matthew s Bible, printed by Grafton, author of
Grafton s Chronicle, there are numerous marginal notes reflectino-

7 O O

on the corruptions of Popery. These, in the 1539 edition, commonly
called "Cranmer s Bible," as having been revised by him, have been
omitted, and several verbal alterations made in the text : for example,
the word ecclesia in Cranmer s Great Bible is always rendered con
gregation, instead of church, apparently with the object of pointing
out that the laity had a share in the government of a Christian
society. It was, as we learn from this Chronicle (page 85), the
edition of the Bible " of the largest volume" which was ordered in
1538 to be placed in every church, " as a lidger for the parishioners

xlvi INTRODUCTION.

to read on, the curate to beare the halfe of the charge thereof, and
the parishe the other halfe ;" the price being 10s., as we learn from
the first volume of State Papers, Henry VIII., where many other
interesting particulars relative to this subject will be found. After
noticing the order for the curates to provide a book of the Bible in
English, our author goes on to point out that, by the injunctions
issued by Crumwell as the King s vicegerent, it was provided " that
all the lights of wax in every church were to be taken down, save
only the roodloft light, the light afore the Sacrament, and the light
afore the Sepulchre. And that every curate shall keep a book or
register wherein shall be written every wedding, christening, and
burying made within the same church throughout the whole year,
the same book to remain in a chest with two locks and two keys in
the same church provided for the same, the one key to remain with
the curate, and the other with the churchwardens of the same
church, the charge to be at the cost of the parish," with divers other
injunctions. The progress of the Reformation, which evidently
had the sympathies of our author, notwithstanding the fact that so
many of his own relatives and friends were staunch adherents of the
ancient regime., on more than one occasion evokes an expression of
his personal opinion. Thus, at page 81, he writes, " This year
[1538] also, in Paske Tearme, the Bishop of London, called Doctor
Stookes[ley], was condemned in a premynere, for makinge two
brethren and a nonne at Sion by the Bishop of Romes bulles ;
how- bey t the Kinge was better to him then he deserved, and
graunted him his pardon." In another passage, while noting the
dispersion of the religious fraternities at Sion, he designates it the
"virtuest house in all the land," perhaps from his having been more
familiarly acquainted with its inner life, his aunt Agnes having been
a professed nun within its walls.

I would only call attention to one other passage which will be
found at page 82, where our author narrates the particulars of the
preaching of Henry Daunce, who may be described as the father of

INTRODUCTION. xlvii

modern Dissenters. This man as he tells us was a bricklayer dwell
ing in Whitechapel, then a detached village situated on the skirts
of Epping Forest. His practice was

To sett a tub against a tree in his garden, from which he preached the
worde of God on divers Sondayes and other dayes early in the morninge and
at 6 of the clocke at night, and had great audience of people, both spiritual!
and temporal!, which sayd parson had noe learninge of his booke, neither
in Englishe nor other tongue, and yet he declared Scripture as well as if
he had study ed at the Universities; but at the last the bishops had such
indignation at him by reason the people followed him, that they sent for
him to my Lord of Canterbury, where he was demaunded many questions,
but they conlde laye nothinge to his charge, but did inhibite him from
preachinge because of the great resorteof people that drue to his sermons.

In conclusion I would observe that to the historical acumen of
the late Mr. John Bruce, formerly Director of the Camden So
ciety, is due the present publication, for it was he who, justly appre
ciating the value of this Chronicle, procured the loan of the MS.
from Lieutenant-General Lord Henry Percy with the object of its
publication, and I have only carried out his intentions, with the
approbation of the Council of that Society. In printing it, ac
cording to the usual practice, I have preserved the spelling of the
MS., which may be of use for philological purposes, though not as
a criterion of the contemporaneousness of the narrative, for the
spelling has not unfrequently been modernised by the transcriber,
who lived in the latter part of the reign of James I., whereas the
author was born in the reign of Henry VII.

If it be true, as Stow in his quaint manner tells us, u that those
who to their great costes and charges have brought hidden histories
from dusky darkness to the sight of the world deserve at least
thankes for their paines, and to be misreported of none, seeing they
have laboured for all," then public thanks are alike due to the
Camden Society for bearing the charges of this volume, to Lieutenant-

xlviii INTRODUCTION.

General Lord Henry Percy for the loan of his valuable and unique
MS., and to the good friends of the editor who have aided him with
their advice and assistance in its elucidation, more especially to
Samuel Kawson Gardiner, Esq., "Director of the Carnden Society, to
J. S. Brewer, M.A., to S. W. Kershaw, M.A., librarian of the
Archiepiscopal Library in Lambeth Palace, to Sir John Maclean,
and to S. J. Tucker, Esq., Rouge- Croix Pursuivant.

WM. DOUGLAS HAMILTON.

Beaumont Cottage, Haverstock Hill,
10 November, 1874.

WEIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

Kes quasdam scitu digniores sub regno Henrici

Septimi.

HENRICI VII. Anno 1.

^ This yeare a was great death of the sicknesse called the sweatinge
sicknesse; b and the crosse in Cheepe new made; and a great taske
and disme c grawnted to the Kinge.

HENRICI VII. Anno 2.
This yeare d Prince Arthure was borne at Windsore. 6

HENRICI VII. Anno 3.
This yeare the Queene was crowned/ The Earle of Lincolne/

Henry VII. s regnal years counted from 22nd Aug. 1485, the day of the battle
of Bosworth. The years in the text, however, are computed from Lord Mayor s day.
This disease, unknown to any other age or nation, appeared first in London
about the middle of September, and by the end of October had decimated the popu
lation. Two mayors and six aldermen died of it within one week. See " Hall s
Chronicle."

This expression is copied from Arnold, signifying "tax and tenth." In Jean
Palsgrave s L Eclaircissement de la Langue Fran9aise " the word " taske " is
rendered by the French " taux."

d This paragraph is wrongly placed both in Arnold and our MS. after the next
entry, but I have restored it to its proper date.

! A clerical error for Winchester.

At Westminster on the 25th November, 1487.

* John Earl of Lincoln was son of John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, and of
Elizabeth, eldest sister of Edward IV.

CAMD. SOC. B

A.D. 1485-7.
[Anno Reg. l.J

[A.D. I486.]
[Anno Keg. 2.J

[A.D. 1487.]
[Anno Reg. 3.]

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1487-92.

[A.D. 1489.]
[Anno Reg. 4.

[A.D. 1490.]
[Anno Reg. 5.]

[A.D. 1491.]
[Anno Reg. 6.]

[A.D. 1492.J
[Anno Reg. 7.]

the Lord Lovell, and one Martin Swarte, a straunger, slayne all in
a feild that they made again ste the Kinge. a

HENRICI VII. Anno 4.

This yeare the Kinge sent manye knightes with seaven thowsand *
men into Brytane. Th Earle of Northumberlande slayne in the
Northe. c A capp of mayntenance brought from Rome to the
Kinge. d

HENRICI VII. Anno 5.

This yeare Creplegate was new made, and E. Franeke e and other
put to death.

HENRICI VII. Anno 6.

This yeare, in June, f Kinge Henrie the Eight e was borne at
Greene wich, which was second sonne to King Henry the Vllth,
named Duke of Yorke. Sir Robert Chamberlayne beheaded. A
conduict begon at Christ Churche. h

HENRICI VII. Anno 7.

This yeare the Kinge went to Calis with a great armie 1 againste
France, but the peace was made without battell. k The Queenes
mother 1 deceased, and the Lowers m set upon Guylde Hall.

a This battle was fought at the village of Stoke, near Newark, 16th June, 1487,
when Lambert Simnel was made prisoner.

b Eight thousand according to Stow.

c By the rebels, April 28th, 1489.

d This agrees with Arnold and Bernard Andre, but Stow places it in 1505.

e Edward Franke in Arnold. f June 28th, 1491.

s This expression shows that this portion of the Chronicle was written after the
accession of Henry VIII.

h A clerical error for Gracechurch, in Arnold written Greschurch.

* 25,000 foot and 1,600 horse.

k By the terms of this treaty, known as the Peace of Estaples, the French King
engaged to pay 745,000 crowns down and 52,000 crowns yearly under the name of
pension.

1 Elizabeth Woodville, widow of Edward IV. m Towers.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VII. Anno 8.
This yeare was a risinge of yonge men againste the Stiliarde. 3

HENRICI VII. ANNO 10.

This yeare was beheaded Sir William Stanley. Lord Chamber-
layne, Sir Symon Monforde and his sonne, and manye other that
landed in the Downes, b to the number of viii xx , that came from
Perkin Werbeck, c callinge himselfe King Edwardes sonnet

HENRICI VII. Anno 12.

This yeare was Blackheath feild in June. 6 The Lord Awdley
chiefe capteyn with 30,000 Cornishe men. The capteynes put to
death/ and in August Perkin Werbeck landed in Cornewale,* and
by pursuit fledd to Bowdley St. Marie, h but by appoyntment he
came to the Kinge, followinge the Courte. 1

HENRICI VII. Anno 13.

This yeare, in December, was the weathercock of Paules, the
crosse, and the bowle, k taken downe, and all new made. And in May
after were solemnly e hallowed, and sett up agayne.

The Hanseatic or Eastcrling merchants had their repository, Guyhalda Teutoni-
corum," in the Still-yard in Thames Street, from which circumstance they received
the sobriquet of Merchants of the Steelyard.
b Near Deal.

: Other authorities say Warbeck s followers, to the number of 169, were on this
occasion made captives and gibbeted; but our author has copied Arnold, who has
" viii skore."

d Warbeck pretended to be Richard Duke of York, son of Edward IV
e June 22nd.

Lord Audley was beheaded at Tower Hill; Flammock, an attorney, and Michel
Joseph, a blacksmith, were hanged, drawn, and quartered at Tyburn; all the rest
were pardoned by proclamation.

In Whitsand Bay; and, having sent his wife, the Lady Catherine Gordon, for
safety to Mount St. Michael, assumed the title of Richard IV.

The Sanctuary of Beaulieu in the New Forest, written in Arnold "Bewdeley
sent wary," which has been erroneously transcribed in our MS. " St. Marie."

In Arnold this passage is, and so remained following the Court."
k ball.

A.D. 1493-98.
[Anno Reg. 8.]

[A.D. 1495.]
[Anno Reg. 10.]

[A.D. 1497.]
[Anno Reg. 12.]

[A.D. 1498.]
[Anno Reg. 13.]

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1499-1501.
[Anno Reg. 14.]

[Anno Reg. 15.]

[A.D. 1500.]

[Anno Reg. 16.]

[A.D. 1501.]
[Anno Reg. 17.]

HENRICI VII. Anno 14.

This yeare was borne the third sonne of King Henry the VII.
named Edmunde Duke of Somersett, at Greenwich, the 22nd of
Februarie.

HENRICI VII. Anno 15.

This yeare, in June, deceased the third sonne of the Kinge,
named Duke of Somersett, and was buried at Westminster/ 1 Perkin
Werbeck putt to death at Tyburne; and the Earle of Warwyke, b
sonne to the Duke of Clarence, who had bene kept in the Tower
from the age of 11 years unto the end of 14 yeares, was beheaded at
the Tower Hill. c A great pestilence throughout all England.

HENRICI VII. Anno 16.

This yeare the Kinge buylded new his mannor at Sheene, d and
chaunged the name and named it Eichmonde; 6 and buylded new
his place, called the Baynards Castle, in London ; and repayred his
place in Greenewich, with muche new buyldinge. f

HENRICI VII. Anno 17.

This yeare, the 14th day of November, Prince Arthure was
married % at Paules Churche, in London, to the Kinge of Spaynes

a Our author follows Arnold, but others say that the infant Prince Edmond did
not die till the fifth year of his age.

b Edward Earl of Warwick was the last remaining male of the house of
Plantagenet. He bore the title of Earl of Warwick, though it does not appear that
his father s attainder had been reversed.

c Warbeck was executed at Tyburn on the 23rd November, together with O Water,
Mayor of Cork, and the Earl of Warwick on the following day, or, according to
some authorities, on the 28th.

d Stow has placed this paragraph under the year 1507, being the twenty-second
year of Henry s reign.

e After his own title.

f Greenwich has much favoured by Henry VII. and here his son, afterwards
Henry VIII. was born.

s At the age of fifteen, his bride being seventeen. The commission and marriage
articles may be seen in MS. Harleian. Cod. 6,220, Art. 1.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE,

third daughter, named Katheryne. a And in Easter weeke follow-
inge the saide Prince Arthure deceased at Ludlowe, in Wales, and
was buried at Worcester. 15

HENRICI VII. Anno 18.

This yeare, in Februarie, died Queene Elizabeth at the Towre of
London, lyeinge in childebedd of a daughter named Katherine (the
8th day after her birth), and was buried at Westminster; and on
Passion Sundaye a peace made betwene the Emperoure and the
Kinge duringe their lyves, solemnized upon a great oathe at the
highe aulter in Paules queere.

HENRICI VII. Anno 19.

This yeare the Taylors sued to the Kinge to be called Marchant
taylors. d And this yeare was a great fier at the ende of London
Bridge next to St. Magnus.

HENRICI VII. Anno 20.

This yeare was a great strife for th election of the sheriffs in the
Guylde Hall. One parte woulde have William Fitz- Williams,

a Katharine was fourth daughter of Ferdinand II. surnamed the Catholic, King
of Aragon, by his wife Isabella, daughter of John II. King of Castile, which
Isabella succeeding to the crown of Castile in 1474, the monarchy of Spain was
formed.

b Prince Arthur died on the Saturday following Easter Sunday in 1502, being
April 2nd, and was buried in Worcester cathedral on the 27th April.

c Elizabeth, the eldest child of Edward IV. by Elizabeth Woodville his wife, was
heiress of the house of York. She was born at Westminster on the llth February,
1466, and died on her thirty-seventh birthday in the Tower of London, having been
delivered of a daughter on the second of the same month, who died soon after its
mother.

d This Society, anciently denominated " Taylors and Linen- Armorers," was incor
porated by letters patent of 5 Edward IV. 1466. But many of the members being
great merchants, and Henry VII. a member thereof, he for their greater honour re-
incorporated the same in 1503, by the name of " The Master and Wardens of the
Merchant Taylors of the Fraternity of St. John the Baptist in the City of London."
Maitland s " History of London."

A.D. 1502-5.

[A.D. 1503.]
[Anno Reg. 18.]

[Anno Reg. 19.]

[A.D. 1505.]
[Anno Reg. 20.]

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1505-9.

marcliante taylor, and another Roger Grove, grocer, who at length
was admitted for one of the sheriffes. a

[A.D. 1506.]
[Anno Reg. 21.]

[A.D. 1507.]
[Anno Reg. 23.]

[A.D. 1509.]
[Anno Reg. 24.]

HENRICI VII. Anno 21.

This yeare a great parte of the cittie of Norwich was burnt, and
the towne of Berkwaye b more then halfe burnt. Allso a great
fier in London betwene the Custome Howsse and Billinsgate, that

did great hurte.

HENRICI VII. Anno 23.

This yeare, about the latter ende of Januarye, the Kinge of Castell
and his wife c were driven into Englande, d and had here great
cheare. The King was made Knight of the Garter at Windsore. 6

HENRICI VII. Anno 24.

This yeare, in Aprill, died King Henry the Vllth at Richmond ; f
and his sonne King Henry the VIII. was proclaymed Kinge on St.
Georges daye g 1508 [1509], in the same moneth. And in June
folio winge the King was married to Queene Katherin, late wife
of his brother h Prince Arthure, and were both crowned on Mid-
sommer day. 1

& The two sheriffs chosen for the year 1505 were Richard Shore and Roger Grove.

b Berkwey in Arnold, probably Berkeley in Gloucestershire.

c Archduke Philip and his wife Juana, who, by the death of her mother Isabella,
was now Queen of Castile.

d For a full account of the arrival of the Archduke Philip, and his entertainment
whilst in England, see MS. Harleian. Cod. 540, fol. 60-66, and Cod. 543, fol. 140.

e The English monarch invested Philip with the order of the Garter at Windsor,
and the latter made him and Prince Henry Knights of the Golden Fleece.

f At the new palace, on the 21st April, 1509.

e We should here read St. George s Eve, 22nd April, 1509, from which day Henry
VIII. reckoned his regnal years. Stow, however, says that Henry was not proclaimed
till the 24th.

h At Greenwich, on Trinity Sunday, June the 3rd.

1 For the account of Henry s coronation with his queen, Katharine, see MS.
Harleian. 169, Art. 7.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VIII. a Anno 1.

The coronation of Kinge Henrie the Eight, which was the 24th
of June, A.D. 1509.

This yeare, Prince Henrie, the Kings first sonne, was borne at
Kichmonde on Newe Yeares daye, b and on St. Mathie s day c after
the saide Prince died, and was buried at Westminster.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 2.

This yeare, in August, Sir Richard Empson d and Edmund
Dudley were beheaded at the Tower Hill. 6

Two heretiques burned in Smithfield on St. Luke s day. f

HENRICI VIII. Anno 3.

This yeare the Eegent of England, a shippe, and a carike of
France, were burnt in Bristowe haven, s and Sir Thomas Knyvett in
her with all his men.

In consequence of the erroneous idea that the Kings of England always ascended
the throne immediately on the decease of the preceding sovereign, some authorities
make the regnal years of Henry VIII. to commence on the 21st April, 1509, the
day of his father s decease, but it is clearly established, as shown by Sir Harris
Nicolas, that they ought to be computed from the day following, viz. April 22. The
years in the text, however, are computed from Lord Mayor s day.

b On the 1st January, 1510.

3 Or rather St. Mathias eve, February 23. Hall, however, says that this Prince
died on " the 22 Feb. being the Even of Saint Mathy," which would seem to show
that St. Mathias day was sometimes kept on the 23rd, instead of the 24th February,
in which case our text is correct.

d In MS. incorrectly written Sir Thomas Empson, which mistake is also made by
Arnold.

1 In MS. this and the preceding entry have been accidentally transposed.

f October 18.

s This engagement, one of the most striking recorded in the annals of the English
navy, was fought off Brest Harbour on the 10th August, 1512, in which the Regent, a
first-class English vessel, commanded by Sir Thomas Knyvett, Master of the Horse,
and the French vessel Cordeliere, commanded by Primanget, called by the English
chroniclers Sir Piers Morgan, were blown up with the loss of all their men. Hall s
Chronicle, pp. 534-5. A letter of Wolsey, describing the loss of the Regent, may be
seen in MS. Cotton. Vitel. B. ii. p. 180.

A.D. 1509-11.
[Anno Reg. 1.]

[A.D. 1510.]

[Anno Reg. 2.]

[A.D. 1512.]
[Anno Reg. 3.]

to

8 WRIOTIIESLEY S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI YJIL Anno 4.

A.D. 1512-13. This yeare, at a Parlement kept at Westminster, 6 was grawnted

[Anno Reg. 4.] to t j ie jft n g e two fifteens and [four] b dimes, and head money c for

everie man ; for a Duke 10 markes, for an Earle 51. t for a Lorde
4/., a knight 4 marks, and so after lower degrees; he that might
spend 40s. to pay I2d. ; and everie man was valued that was worth
in goodes 800/. to pay 4 marks, 4002. 4 nobles, 200L 2 nobles, 40/.
a noble, 201. to pay 40</., and everie man valued worth 40s. [wages] d
to pay 12c?., and servantes, prentises, weomen, and all other [of 15
years and upwards] d to pay 4d. a peece.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 5.

[A.D. 1513.] This yeare, on the Assension Even, 6 Edmonde de la Pole f was

[Anno Reg. 5.] beheaded on Tower Hill.*

This yeare allso, on the day of th Exaltation of the Crosse, h Te
Deum was sungen in Paules Churche for the victorie of the Scottishe
feild, where King Jamys of Scotland was slayne. 1 The King of

a This Parliament was convoked for the 4th Feb. 1511-2, but was subsequently
prorogued to the 4th November, which would be in the fourth year of Henry s reign.

b Supplied from Stow and Arnold, but Hardyng s Chronicle says two dismes, or
tenths.

c This term generally signifies a poll-tax, but it is here evidently used for an
assessed or property tax.

d Supplied from Stow.

We should here read May Even as in Arnold and Stow; Ascension Even in
1513 fell on May 4th, wliereas the Duke was executed on the 30th April, 1513.

f Edmund de la Pole, son of John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, was nephew of
Edward IV. and brother of the Earl of Lincoln who was slain at the battle of Stoke;
his other brother, Richard de la Pole, called the White Rose, was afterwards slain
before the city of Pavia, in 1525.

e The warrant for his execution had been signed by Henry VII. on his death-bed,
but was delayed to be put in execution by Henry VIII. till this year.

h 14th of September.

James IV. of Scotland was slain at the battle of Floddeii Field, on the 9th
September, 1513.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 9

England that tyme lyenge at seege before Turney a in France, and A.D. 1513-15.
wan it and Turwyn b also. [A D 15U -j

A Parlement kept at Westminster, where was graunted to the A subsidie of 6d. in
King of all men s goodes 6d. in the pownde. A peace betwene the the P ownde -
King and French King duringe both their lives; and the Ladie
Marie, sister to the King, married to the French King, d at Abireld, 6
in Picardye, in October/

HENRICI VIII. Anno 6.

This yeare on Munday, the 4th of December, Richarde Hunn, [Anno Reg. 6.]
taylor, of London, was hanged in the Lowlardes Tower at Powles.
:Ie was made an heretique for suinge a Pramunire against Dr. IIunn sla J ne in Low
Fitz- James, Bishopp of London, and Dr. Horsey, his Chauncellor, lardstower
and they saide he hanged himselfe, but it was fownde contrarie.
His bodie was burnt in Smithfeilde, on the even of St. Thomas
th Apostle next followinge.e (- A D 1515 -,

The French King died, h and a new peace concluded with the

Tournay, the capital of the Tournaisis, and one of the most ancient towns of
Belgium, contained at this period about 80,000 inhabitants.
Terouenne surrendered to Heniy on the 23rd August, 1513.
This paragraph has been misplaced in MS. before the preceding; the Parliament
did not meet till the 3rd January, 1514.

The Princess Mary was in her seventeenth year, and her husband Louis XII., to
whom she was third wife, in his fifty-fourth year.

At Abbeville, in Picardy. From which place Mary, three days after her
marriage, wrote letters to her brother and Wolsey.

The marriage ceremony had been previously celebrated at Greenwich by proxy,
but was not consummated till October 9th. For fuller particulars, see Ellis s
Original Letters, First and Second Series.

Arnold s version is as follows: This yere, in Octobre, one Richard Hoone,
dwellyng in the parysh of Saynt Margaret in Brydge Stret, was appeached of
heresy, and put into the Lollar s Tower, at Powles, and therin was founde hangyd in
prison, whereupon grete exclamacyon was amonge people, how, by whom, or by what
meane, he was hangyd; the dowt was denyd by the temporall lawe, and was sayd that
one Kok Charls, a sumncr, and the Bell Rynge of Powles, sholde, in a nyght, hang
the sayd Hoone; howe be it, aftyr he was hanged, he was jugyd an heretyck by the
spirituall lawe, and burnyd in Smythfeld."
h Louis XII. died 1st January, 1515.
CAMD. SOC. C

10

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1515-17.

ueene, the King s

[A.D. 1516.]
[Anno Reg. 7.]

lirthe of the Ladie
[arye.

[A.D. 1517.]
[Anno Beg. 8.]

. great frost, that
en and weomen
ent on Thems.

Kinge and Francis, a that tyme new made King of France. And the
Ladie Marye, French Queene, was grawnted her dowrie to be
brought into England, and was suffred to have all her goodes and
riches. The Duke of Suffolke, with Sir Kichard Wingfeilde and
Dr. West, and other, sent into France as ambassadors. 15 A con
clusion was made that the saide Duke was weddid to the saide
Lady Marie in France/ and thereupon cam over into Englande,
and with them brought over all thinges after their mynde. d

HENRICI VIII. Anno 7.

This yeare the Ladie Marie, Princes, was borne at Greenewich,
in Februarie. 6 The King of Spayne died. The Queene of Scottes,
sister to the Kinge, came porelie out of Scotland to the Kinge/
and was richlye receaved, and rode thorowe London.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 8.

This yeare a great frost began the 12 day of Januarie& in suche
wise that no bote might goe betwixt London and Westminster

The Duke of Valois, who succeeded under the title of Francis L, renewed the
alliance with Henry.

b Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, Sir Richard Wingfield, and Dr. West, with
a goodly bande of yeomen, all in black " (says Hall), had been sent in embassy to
Paris to negociate a settlement of the ex-queen s dower.

It had been arranged that the Duke should conduct the ex-queen back to
England, and there have married her, but (says Stow) " for doubt of change he
married her secretly at Paris, as was said ; " it is now ascertained that such was
the fact, and that the Duke was reproved for it by Wolsey, a draught of whose
letter is still extant ; as is also a letter of Mary to her brother, Henry VIII., taking
the blame on herself.

d The French Chroniclers assert that Mary brought over with her into England
jewels, plate, and tapestry belonging to Louis XII. to the value of 200,000 crowns,
besides a great diamond called "le miroir de Naples."

e February 18th.

Margaret, Queen dowager of Scotland, the King s eldest sister, being forced by
a faction to fly to England, passed through London on her way to the court at
Greenwich in May 1516.

e This season was likewise remarkable for a great drought, " for there fell no rain

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 1 1

all the terme tyme. And from Westminster to Lambeth was a A - D -
common way over the Themms upon the ise. [Anno Keg. 9.]

This yeare, on Thursday, the last day of Aprill, there was an Evill May day in
insurrection of yonge men and aprentises in London. a And the Lon
Munday after, beinge the 4 of Maye, there was brought from the
Tower of London to the Guyld-hall 54 persons, b and there were
indited. And the morrowe after all persons were judged to
death; fower of them to be hanged, drawne, and their bowells brent,
and then quartered, which was so done; one of them at Blanck
Chappeltone, c another at Leaden Hall, and two at the Standerd in
Cheepe. And the other 7 were hanged on other gallowes which
were sett up in divers places within the Cittie of London.

This yeare the Turk warred upon the Sowdan, d and slewe him
and one hundred thowsand men. e And the countrie made a new
Sowdan.

The 14 day of May the Kinge satt in the Kinges Benche in
Westminster Hall, and there was brought before him all the
prisoners which came from the Tower of London/ in their shirtes
with halters aboute their neckes, and there the King pardoned
them, and the Major and citizens also which were there present in
their liveries.

to be accounted of from the beginning of September till May in the following year,
so that, in some places, men were fain to drive their cattle three or four miles to
water." Stow, ed. Howes, p. 505.

a A fuller account of this uprising of the London Apprentices will be found in
Hall and Stow.

b 278 prisoners were arraigned before the Commissioners at Guildhall, of whom
13 were capitally executed. Hall.

c Blanche-Chapelton, i. e. Whitechapel.

d The Mamaluke Sultan of Egypt.

e In a battle fought near Aleppo by Selim.

f This event is more fully related by Arnold, who says, that, on the 16th May,
330 men and 11 women were bound in ropes, and led with cords from Guildhall to
Westminster, the Sheriffs waiting on them, and every prisoner " a peyr of bedys in
ther handys," and in the King s Street in Westminster were stripped to their shirts
and halters placed about their necks.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 10.
A.D. 1518. This yeare, on a Thursday, the 29th day of Julie, a legat b came

from the Pope, and was receaved into London at after-noone. And
The comminge of the , IT-

legate to make the fcnere receaved him at the Black- Heath the Bishop of Durrham,

the Bish P of E} y> the Duke of Northfolke, c with divers other great
lordes and knightes, and all the orders of friers, channons, moncks
of Stratforde and Tower Hill, with all parsons and priestes of all
the parishe churches in London, stoode all in coopes with crosses,
candlestickes, and sensors, from St. Georges barre in Southwark
to Leaden Hall corner. And ever as the legatt passed by them
they sensed him ; and so was he receaved thorowe the Cittie ; he
havinge borne before him 2 pillers of sylver and guylt, and he
himselfe ridinge in redd chamlett, d with his cardinalls hatt on his
heade, and the Major and Aldermen, with all the crafts of the
Cittie, standinge in Cheepe-syde in their best liveries. And when
he came before the Major and Aldermen yonge Mr. More made
there to him a proposition for the Cittie, 6 and so he rode tnorowe
Paules Churche yeard. And when he came at the west dore of
Powles the Bishop of London/ with all Powles quier, receaved
him with procession in copes of cloth of golde, and a riche canopie
of cloth of golde borne over his heade, and so brought him to the
highe alter, where he saide his devotions and offered ; and that done,
he rode to the Bishopp of Bathes place at Temple barre, which
was prepared for him, and so there remayned.

This is the first instance in which our Chronicler gives a much fuller account ol
the proceedings than is to be found in Arnold s Chronicle, which ends in the year
following.

Cardinal Campeggio, called also Laurence Campeius.

c Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, had the title of Duke of Norfolk restored to
him for the great victory gained by him at Flodden, 1513, Sept. 9.

d Whilst delaying at Calais for the return of the papal bull Wolsey had supplied
him with red cloth to clothe his servants, who, at their first coming, were but meanly
apparelled. Hall, ed. 1809, p. 592.

e Sir Thomas More made a brief oration to him in the name of the City. Hall s
Chronicle, ed. 1809, p. 593.

f Richard Fitz-James.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 13

HENRICI VIII. Anno 12.

This yeare, on Fridaye before Whitsonday, beinge the 17 day A.D. 1521-2.
of Maye, Edward Duke of Buckingham a was beheaded at Tower [Anno Keg. 13.]
Hill.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 13.

This yeare th Emperoure Charles b came into England, and was [A.D. 1522.]
receaved into the cittie of London the Thursdaye before Whit- [Anno Reg. 14.]

sunday c at afternoone. the Kinge and he ridinsre both together in J he commmge of the

* . & . . Emperoure.

one liverey ; and there were diverse pagents made in divers places of

the Cittie; and all the freers, priestes, and clerkes, standinge in
copes, with crosses, sensures, and candlesticks, from the bridge foote
to the crosse in Cheepe; and all the craftes, with the Major d and
Aldermen, standinge in their liveries; and the King, with all the
nobles of the realme, brought him to his pallace at Bridewell, 6
where he continued three dayes, and after went to Greenewich/
where was great justs, banquetts, with other goodlye pastymes.
And, after, the King conveyed him to the sea side to passe into
Spayne,s which was his intent.

a Edward Stafford, Duke of Buckingham, was restored in 1486 by Henry VII. to
his honours and estates. He commanded the select guard of Henry VIII. in the
battle of the Spurs, 1513, but his observation, that the "Field of the Cloth of Gold"
entailed ruin on the English nobles, so irritated the King that he determined on his
ruin. It is also asserted that the King was jealous of his descent from Thomas of
Woodstock and Edward III.

b This was the second visit of the Emperor Charles V. to England.

c This would be June 5, but Holinshed and Stow both say June 6, being Friday.

d Sir John Milborne.

c The Emperor was lodged at the Black Fryars, and all his nobles in the new
builded house of Bridewell. Stow, p. 516.

f This should probably be Windsor, as the Emperor s entertainment at Greenwich
was previous to his reception in London.

e He embarked at Southampton in his great fleet, and in ten days arrived in
Spain.

14

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1524-5.
[Anno Reg. 15.]

[A.D. 1525.]
[Anno Reg. 16.]

in Parye.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 15.

This yeare there were three persons, viz. Charles, sometyme
master of the Kinges henchmen, and one Pickeringe, sometyme of
^ e Kings bakehowse, and one Thomas, a servinge man, latelie
come from the Khodes, a which were drawne to Tiburne, and there
hanged, their bowells brent afore them, and after quartered, their
heades sett on London bridge, and their quarters hanged at divers
gates of the Cittie, which persons made an insurrection in Coven-
tree^

HENRICI VIII. Anno 16.

This yeare, the 9th day of Marche, c tidinges were brought to the
Kinge that Francis, the French King, was taken prisoner before the

citti ^ e of Pavle > in Italie > b ? the Duke f Burl)On Ca P te y n of the
Emperoures hoste, d and 14,000 French men slayne at the same

feild.

And the Archbishop of Yorke, cardinall and legatt de latere,
songe masse the same tyme in Paules churche, in his "pontifica-
libus," e and 1 1 bishopps and abbotts, with their miters, beinge
present, the Duke of Northfolke and the Duke of Suffolke, with
all the nobles of the realme. And the saide Cardinall grawnted the
same to all manner of persons, beinge within the precinct of the
churche in the tyme of the masse, plenary remission of their synnes,
a pcend et culpd; and, after masse, Te Deum was sunge for the

a The Isle of Rhodes, which was this year taken by the Turks.

b The account of this conspiracy is more circumstantially related in Hall s
Chronicle, ed. 1809, p. 673.

c Francis I. was made prisoner on the 24th February.

d Charles Duke of Bourbon, Constable of France, being persecuted by Francis I.
for refusing to marry Louisa of Savoy, the French King s mother, sought the
protection of the Emperor Charles V. by whom he was appointed his lieutenant in

Italy.

e After Wolsey had been invested by Pope Leo X. with the sole legatine power in
England, he was wont to say mass on state occasions after the manner of the Pope
himself.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 15

sayde victorie/ the Major, b Aldermen, with the head craftes of the A.D. 1525-9.
cittie standinge in the bodie of the churche in theyr liveries; and
that night great fiers were made in divers places of the cittie, with
vessells of wyne at everie fier for the people to drincke.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 18.

This yeare, in November, the Kinge enhaunsed his coyne, c that O.D. 1526.]
is to saye, the riall at 11 s 3 d , the angell 7 s 6 d , the halfe riall and [Anno Reg. 18.]
halfe angell after the rate; allso he made a new coyne which was Co ^ ne enhaunsed.
a George noble at 6 s 8 d , and a crowne of the duble rose at 5 s , and
valued an ownce sylver fyne sterlinge at 3 s 8 d ; and allso made new
grotes and halfe grotts after the rate.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 20.

This yeare, in August 1529, Thomas Wolsey, legatt de latere, [A.D. 1529.]
Cardinall and Archbishopp of Yorke, was taken d at Yorke Place in [Anno Reg. 21.]

Westminstre. and all his goodes were seased into the Kinges handes, 6 9 ardm f 11 Wolse J
. D . deposed.

and he deprived from the Chauncellorshipp of Englande, for certayne

a The victory gained by the Imperialists over the French before Pavia so changed
the aspect of affairs on the continent that Henry at first entertained a project for
isvading Erance, and asserting his claim to that crown.

Sir John Allen.

c By reason of the good weight and low valuation of the English coin, merchants
daily carried over great store, because the same was much enhanced there; so that to
meet with this inconvenience, as it was said, proclamation was made in the month
of September, the sixth day, throughout England, that the angel should go for
7s. 4:d., the royal for 11s., and the crown for 4s. 4d. And, on the 5th of November
following, again by proclamation, the angel was enhanced to 7s. 6d., and so every
ounce of gold should be 45s., and an ounce of silver at 3s. 9d. in value. Stow,
p. 526.

d Wolsey was ordered to quit his palace of York Place, and retire to his house at
Esher.

c Wolsey s personal estate was valued at half a million of crowns; this immense
sum he transferred by deed to the King, " his gracious master," only praying to be
allowed to retain his rank and property in the Church.

16

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1529-31.

Sir Thomas More
Chauncellor of
Englande.

[A.D. 1530.]
[Anno Reg. 22.]

Death of the
Cardinall.

[A.D. 1531.]
[Anno Reg. 23.]

articles of treason a alledged [to have been committed] b by him
againste the Kinge and the realme.

And this yeare, in October 1529, Sir Thomas More, Chauncellor
of the Dutchie, was made Chauncellor of Englande, and sworne in
the Chauncerie the first day of Michaellmasse terme ; the Duke of
Northfolke and the Duke of Suffolke leadinge him thorowe West
minster Hall up into the Chauncerie.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 21.

This yeare, the morrowe after Simon and Jude, c which was the
Majors feast, there dyned in the Guylde hall at the said feast the
Lorde Chauncellor of Englande, the Duke of Northfolke, the Duke
of Suffolke, and 9 Earles and a Bishopp, sittinge all at one table,
prepared in the Majors courte in the Guyld hall, and two other
side tables sittinge with lordes and knightes.

This yeare, on the even of St. Andrewe, d the Cardinall, Thomas
Wolsey, died at Leicester, cominge to London to his indictment, 6
and there is buried in Our Ladies Chappell. Some recken he killed
himselfe with purgations/

HENRICI VIII. Anno 22.

This yeare was one burnt at Maidestone for heresie, and one
Bylney,^ a priest, disgraded and burnt at Norwich for heresie.

a He was convicted of transgressing the statute of prsemunire by exercising the
powers of legate.

b These words have evidently been accidently omitted in MS.

c October 29.

d November 29.

e The Cardinal had been arrested by the Earl of Northumberland on a charge
of high treason at Cawood, near York, on the 4th of November.

f Wolsey is generally believed to have died of dysentery at Leicester Abbey, on
the third day of his journey, about 8 o clock in the morning of the 29th of November,
being in the sixtieth year of his age. He was buried at midnight, without any
solemnity, in Our Lady Chapel in the church of that monastery.

B Thomas Bilney, Bachelor of both Laws, was burnt on the 16th August, 1531.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 17

HENRICI VIII. Anno 23.

*

This yeare, in November, on St. Edmonds day, a there was one b A.D. 1531-3.
convict of heresie which was some tyme a moncke in St. Edmonds-
burie, and was disgraded in Powles by the Bishop of London of A priest disgraded

rl K 4-

the orders of priesthoode, and so delivered to the Sheriffes of London ;
and the 4th day of December followinge he was burnt in Smyth-
feilde.

This yeare Mr. Eisse c was beheaded at Tower hill, and one that
was his servante was drawne from the Tower of London to Tiburne,
Avhere he was hanged, his bowells burnt, and his bodie quartered.

This yeare was a purser of London burnt in Smythfeilde for Two brent for heresie.
heresie, who bare a fagott at Powles Crosse the yeare afore.

The last day of Aprill, 1532, one Baynam, a gentleman, was [A.D. 1532.]
burnt in Smythfeild for heresie. [ Anno Re S- 24 -l

THE CORONATION OF ANNE BULLEYN.

Memorandum: the 12th day of Aprill, Anno Domini 1533, beinge [A.D. 1533.]
Easter eaven, Anne Bulleine, Marques of Pembroke, 4 was pro-
claymed Queene at Greenewych, and ofFred that dale in the Kinges
Chappell as Queene of Englande. 6

And the Wednesdaie before the good Queene Katherin f was

a November 20.

b Bayfield.

c " Griffeth Rise beheaded for treason." Fabyan s Chronicle.

d Anne Boleyn was raised to the dignity of Marchioness of Pembroke on Sunday,
September 1st, 1532, at Windsor Castle, an honour which had never before been
conferred on any unmarried female.

e She had been some months previously married to Henry VIII. in great privacy
by Dr. Rowland Lee, afterwards Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, but whether the
marriage took place, as Sanders says, November 14th, 1532, on their arrival at Dover
from France, or was deferred, as Cranmer supposed, to January 25th, 1533, still
remains uncertain.

f The general opinion in England was distinctly adverse to the divorce. See
Calendar of State Papers preserved in the Archives of Venice, vol. iv. 1532-3.
CAMD. SOC. D

18 WIUOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1533. deposed at Hanthill a by the Duke of Norfolke, the Duke of Suffolke,
my Lord Marques of Exceter, my Lorde of Oxforde, Lord Chamber-
lame of the Kinges howse, Mr. Treasorer and Mr. Controwler of
the Kinges howse. And from that dale after to be called Ladie
Katherin, wife of Prince Arthur, dowarie of Englande, b she to
have by yearelie pencion for her dowarie eight thousand poundes

sterlinge.

[Anno Reg. 25.] Memorandum, Thursdaie, the 29th daie of Maie, 1533, Ladie

Anne, Marques of Pembroke, was receaved as Queene of Englande
by all the Lordes of Englande. 6 And the Major d and Aldermen,
with all the craftes of the Cittie of London, went to Greenewych in
their barges after the best fashion, with a barge also of Batchlers of
the Majors crafte rytchlie behanged with cloath of golde and a
foyst 6 to wayte on her. And so all the Lordes, the Major, with
all the craftes of London, brought her by water from Greenewych
to the Tower of London, and ther the Kinges grace receaved her
at her landinge ; and then were shott at the Towre above a thousand
gunnes, besides other shotts that were shott at Lymehowse, and in
other shipps lying in the Thammes. And the morrowe after being
Fridaie f their were made divers Knightes of the Bath.

And on Saturdaie, the last daie of Maie, shee rode from the

a Ampthill, in Bedfordshire, to which place Queen Katharine retired while the
question of her divorce was under discussion. This castle had been erected by Lord
Fanhope, and reverted with the manor to the Crown in the reign of Edward IV., by
whom it was conferred on Lord Grey of Kuthin, Earl of Kent, from whose
descendants it passed again to the Crown about 1530, and became a palace of

Henry VIII.

b Princess Dowager of Wales, which designation was displeasing to the ex-queen,
who refused to resign herself to the judgment passed. She went so far as to
obliterate with her own pen the words " Princess Dowager" wherever they had been
written by her Chamberlain, Mountjoy, in his report to the King.

c Anne Boleyn was descended through both parents from the royal stock of King
Edward I.; paternally, from Elizabeth, daughter of that monarch, and, maternally,
from Thomas de Brotherton, Earl of Norfolk, son of the same King.

d Sir Stephen Pccocke.

c A light and fast-sailing ship. Ma X 30 -

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 19

Towre of London throwe the Cittie, a with a goodlie companye of A.D. 1533.

Lordes, Knightes, and Gentlemen, with all the Peares of the Kealme,

rytchlie apparailed, and also eightene Knightes of the Bath newlie

made, ridinge in blewe gownes with hoodes on their sholders

purfeled with white, and white laces of silke knitt on the left

sholders of their gownes. And she herself riding in a rytch chariotfc

covered with cloath of silver, and a rich canapie of cloath of silver

borne over her heade by the fower Lordes of the Portes, b in gownes

of scarlett, and fower charlotte, with ladies followinge after her

rytchlie behanged; and also divers other ladies and gentlewomen

riding on horsebacke all in gownes made of crymson velvett; and

their was divers pageants made on skaffoldes in the Cittie ; and all

the craftes standing in their liveries everie one in order, the Major

and Aldermen standinge in Cheepeside; and when she came

before them the Recorder of London made a goodlie preposition

to her, and then the Major gave her a purse of cloath ofgolde,

with a thousand markes of angell nobles in it, for a presente for the

whole bodie of the Cittie; and so the Lordes brought her to the

Palace at Westminster, and their left her that night.

Memorandum, the first daie of June, d Queene Anne was brought
from Westminster Hall to the Abbey of Sainct Peeter s with procession,
all the monkes of Westminster going in rytch copes of golde with
13 abbotts mitred; and after them all the Kinges Chappell in rych
copes with fower bushopps and tow archbishopps mittred, and all
the Lordes going in their Perliament roabes, 6 and the crowne borne

The City on this occasion appears to have been decorated in a more sumptuous
manner than at any time heretofore. Maitland s " History of London," p. 138.

l) Cinque Ports.

c According to Stow, it was Master Baker, the Recorder of London, who presented
to Anne Boleyn the City purse, containing one thousand marks of gold.

d Whitsunday. Compare this with the account of the receiving and coronation of
Anne Boleyn in MS. Harleian. Cod. 41, arts. 2-5, and MS. Harleian. 543, fol. 119.

1 Henry s first wife, Katharine of Aragon, was crowned with him, and a mag
nificent ceremony was ordained for her successful rival Anne Boleyn, but none of
the other wives of Henry were honoured with a coronation.

20 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1533. afore her by the Duke of Suffolke, and her tow scepters by tow
Earles, and she herself going under a rytch canapie of cloath of
golde, apparailed in a kirtell of cry m son velvett powdred with
ermyns, and a robe of purple velvett furred with powdred ermines
over that, and a rich cronett with a call a of pearles and stones on
her hedde, and the olde Dutches of Norfolke b bearing upp her
traine in a robe of Scarlett with a cronett of golde on her bonett,
and the Lorde Boroughe, c the Queenes Chamberlaine, staying the
traine in the middes ; and after her tenne ladies following in robes
of Scarlett furred with ermins and rounde cronettes of golde on
their heades; and next after theim all the Queenes maides in
gownes of scarlett edged with white lettushe furre ; and so was shee
brought to Sainct Peeters Church at Westminster, and their sett in
her seate riall, which was made on a high scaffolde before the highe
aulter; and their shee was anoynted and crowned Queene of
Englande by the Archbishopp of Canterberie d and the Arch-
bishoppe of Yorke, and so sate crowned in her seate riall all the
masse, and offred also at the said masse; "and the masse donne, they
departed everie man in their degrees to Westminster Hall, she
going still under the cannapie crowned with to we septers in hir
handes, my Lorde of Wilshire, her father, 6 and the Lorde Talbott f
leadinge her, and so theire dynned; wheras was made the most
honorable feast that hath beene scene.

The great hall at Westminster was rytchlie hanged with rych

* A caul was a kind of net in which women inclosed their hair.

b Grandmother of Anne Boleyn, being widow of Thomas Howard, Duke of
Norfolk, whose daughter Elizabeth married Sir Thomas Boleyn, afterwards Earl of
Wiltshire, the father of Anne.

c Thomas, Lord Burgh of Gainsborough.

u In Sir Henry Ellis s Collection of Original Letters occurs a very interesting
letter written by Cranmer to the English ambassador at the Emperor s court, giving
his own account of the pronouncing of sentence on Katharine and of the coronation
of Anne Boleyn.

e Anne Boleyn s father had been created Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond on the
8th December, 1529.

f As deputy for his father, the Earl of Shrewsbury.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 21

cloath of Arras, and a table sett at the upper ende of the hall, going A - D - 1533 -
upp twelve greeses, 3 where the Queene dyned; and a rytch cloath of
estate hanged over her heade ; and also lower other tables alongest
the hall; and it was rayled on everie side, from the highe deasse in
Westminster Hall to the scaffold in the church in the Abbay.

And when she went to church to her coronation their was a
raye cloath, b blew, spreed from the highe desses c of the Kinges
Benche unto the high alter of Westminster, wheron she wente.

And when the Queenes grace had washed her handes, then came
the Duke of Suffolke, High Constable that daie and stewarde of
the feast, ryding on horsebacke rytchlie apparailed and trapped,
and with him, also ridinge on horsebacke, the Lorde William
Howarde as deputie for the Duke of Norfolke in the romth d of the
Marshall of Englande, and the Queenes service e following them
with the Archbishopps, a certaine space betwene which was
borne f all by knightes, the Archbishopp sitting at the Queenes
borde, at the ende, on her left hande. g The Earle of Sussex was
sewer, the Earle of Essex carver, the Earle of Darbie cuppbearer,
the Earle of Arrondell butler, the Viscount Lisle pantler, the Lord
Gray almoner.

Att one of the fower tables sate all the noble ladies all on one side
of the hall, at the second table the noble men, at the thirde table the
Major of London h with the Aldermen, att the fowerth table the
Barons of the Fortes with the Masters of the Chauncerie. The
goodlie dishes with the delicate meates and the settles which were
all gilt, with the noble service that daie done by great men of the
realme, the goodlie sweete armonie of minstrells with other thinges
were to long to expresse, which was a goodlie sight to see andbeholde.

a Steps or stairs, Latin gressus. b Striped cloth.

c Desks. d Room.

e Suite. f Occupied.

e Stow expressly states that Archbishop Cranmer sat on the right hand of the
Queen at the table s end. Ed. 1631, p. 567.
h Sir Stephen Pecocke,

22 WIUOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE,

A.D. 1533. And when shee had dined and washed her handes she stoode a
while under the canopie of estate, and behelde throwghe the hall,
and then were spices hrought with other delicates, which were
borne all in great high plates of gold, wherof shee tooke a litle
refection, and the residue geavinge among the lordes and ladies;
and that donne she departed up to the White Hall, and their changed
her apparell, and so departed secreetlie by water to Yorke Place,,
which is called White Hall, and their laie all night.

On the morrowe after was great justes at the tilte donne by
eightene lordes and knightes, where was broken many speares
valiantlie, but some of their horses would not come at their pleasure
nere the tilt, which was great displeasure to somme of them that
ranne; and, the justes donne, their was a goodlie banquett made to
all the lordes, ladies, and gentlemen in the Queenes Chamber.

This yeare, on Midsommer eaven, died the French Queene, a
sister to the Kinge, and wife to the Duke of Suffolke, and was
buried at Sainct Edmondesburie in Suffolke.

Frith burned. This yeare, in Julie, on a Fridaie, one Frith, a servingman, a
great clearke in the Greeke and Latten tonge, was brent in Smith-
fielde, and a tailor of London with him, for heresie. b

Memorandum, the vii th daie of September, 1533, being Sonndaie,
Queene Anne was brought to bedd of a faire daughter c at three of
the clocke in the after noune; d and the morrowe after, being the
daie of the Nativitie of Our Ladie, Te Deum was songe solempnlie
at Powles, the Major and Aldermen being present, with the head
craftes of the Cittie of London.

a Mary, sister to Henry VIII. and Queen Dowager of France, died at the manor
of Westhorpe, in Suffolk, on the 23rd June, and was buried (July 22) at the
monastery of St. Edmondsbury, where her corpse was found in a perfect state on
September 6th, 1784, being 251 years after her interment.

b John Frith and Andrew Hewit, both Protestants; the former, a young man of
learning and piety, was condemned for his book against the doctrine of Purgatory
and his opinions on Transubstantiation.

c The Princess Elizabeth, afterwards Queen of England.

d Between three and four of the clock at afternoon. Stow, p. 569.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 23

And the Wednesdaie next followinge, a the most honorable yonge AD. 1533-4.
ladie was christened at Greenewych b in the Friers Church, all the Christninge of
noble lordes and ladies doing service about the christening in their Elizabeth,
offices after their degrees, which was a goodlie sight to see, and
their shee had geaven her to name Elizabeth; my Lord Thomas
Cramner, Archbishopp of Canterberie, godfather; the old Dutchesse
of Northfolke, c wydowe, my Ladie Marques of Dorcett, widowe,
godmothers at the fonte, and my Ladie Marques of Exceter, god
mother at the bishoppinge; d and the morrowe after their was fiers
made in London, and at everie fire a vessell of wyne for people to
drinke for the said solempnitie.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 25.

This yeare, on St. Clements day, the 23rd of November, beinge
Sunday, the Holie Maide of Kent and two monckes, two freeres
observants, a priest, and two laymen, 6 were brought from the
Tower of London to Paules Crosse, and there stood on a skaffolde
all the sermon tyme, where was declared by him that preached the
abuse of a miracle done on the saide Holye Mayde at our Ladie of
Courte Upstreet/ in Kent, by the craft of the sayde monckes, freeres,
and priest.

This yeare, on Tenebrse Weddensday, beinge the first day of O.D. 1534.]

a September 10.

} Compare this with the account of the manner of the christening " of the Lady
Elizabeth " in MS. Harleian. Cod. 543, fol. 128-30.

c The Dowager Duchess of Norfolk carried the infant, in a mantle of purple velvet,
with a long train furred with ermine. Hall s " Chronicle," ed. 1809, p. 806.

d Immediately after the christening the Archbishop confirmed the infant princess,
the Marchioness of Exeter being godmother.

e The abettors of Elizabeth Barton, called the Holy Maid of Kent, were Richard
Master, priest, parson of Aldington, co. Kent, Edward Bockyng, D.D. monk of
Canterbury, Richard Deryng, also monk of Canterbury, Edward Thwaites, gentleman,
Thomas Laurence, registrar to the Archdeacon of Canterbury, Henry Gold, B.D.
parson of Aldermary (Aldcrbury?), Hugh Riche, friar observant, Richarde Risby,
and Thomas Gold, gentlemen.

f Court-at-Street, a hamlet in the parish of Lympne.

24 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1534. A prill, 1534, one Alls Gray, and Wolfe, an Esterlinge, a which she
saide was her husbande, were ledd from Newgate to the Xeshe,
against Savoy on the Thames syde, and there were hanged on
two gibbetts for murderinge of two straungers in a wherie in the
Thames about the same place where they were hanged.

This yeare, the 20th day of Aprill, beinge Mundaye, 1534, the
Holie Maide of Kent, beinge a nun of Canterburie, b two munckes
of Canterburie of Christes Churche, one of them called Doctor
Bockinge, two gray freeres observantes, and a priest, were drawne
from the Tower of London to Tiburn, and there hanged/ and after
cutt downe and their heades smitten of, and two of their heades
were sett on London Bridge, and the other fower at diverse gates of
the cittie.

Allso the same day all the craftes in London were called to their
halls, and there were sworne on a booke to be true to Queene
Anne and to beleeve and take her for lawfull wife of the Kinge
and rio-htfull Queene of Englande, and utterlie to thincke the
Ladie Marie, d daughter to the Kinge by Queene Katherin, but as a
bastarde, and thus to doe without any scrupulositie of conscience;
allso all the curates and priestes in London and thoroweout Englande
were allso sworne before the Lord of Canterburie and other
Bishopps; and allso all countries in Englande were sworne in
lykewise, everie man in the shires and townes were they dwelled.
[Anno Reg. 26.] This yeare the Bishop of Rochester e and Sir Thomas More,

a A term applied to merchants trading to Germany and the Baltic, or natives of
those parts, as lying to the east of England.

b In the priory of St. Sepulchre.

c The persons executed were Elizabeth Barton, Richard Master, parson of
Aldington, Dr. Bocking, Richard Dering, Henry Gold, a London minister, and
Richard Risby.

d The Princess Mary, who was no longer admitted to Court.

e Dr. John Fisher, Chancellor of Cambridge University, and Master of Queen s
College, was appointed to the see of Rochester 14th October, 1504; attainted
in Parliament December, 1534; made Cardinal 1535; and beheaded 22ud June,
1535.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 25

sometyme Chauncellor of Englande, a were put into the Tower of A.D. 1534.
London for misprisonne, b and there to remayne at the Kinges
pleasure, but all the Bishopp of Eochesters goodes and bishopricke
were taken into the Kings handes. Allso diverse priestes, religiouse
men, and laymen, were sett in prison in the Tower of London
becausse they would not be sworne.

Memorandum: the Lord Dakers, c of the North Countrie, was
pechid of highe treason, and sett in prison in the Tower of London,
and all his goods and landes were seised into the Kinges handes,
which was great riches, and the 9th of Julye, 1534, he was
arreigned at Westminstre, the Duke of Northfblke sittinge then as
high judge, d and there he discharged himselfe of all that his accusers e
coulde alledge againste him, and so there he was quitt by a jurie of
Lordes, and by the lawe allso.

Memorandum, the llth day of August, 1534, the freeres obser-
vantes of Greenwich and Kichmonde were putt out of their places,
and all other places of the same order in Englande were allso putt
downe by the Kinges commaundement. f

This yeare allso the Lord Kildaye * of Ireland was putt in prison
in the Tower of London, and there died in prison in the moneth
of Septembre, and his sonne ]l made an insurrection in Irelande, and

a More became Chancellor in 1529 on the fall of Wolsey, but in May 1532 was
deprived of the seals.

l> For refusing to take the new oath of allegiance. It would appear that they did
not so much object to the part of the oath regulating the succession, as to the
doctrinal points involved.

c William Dacre, third Lord Dacre, of the North.

d Being Lord High Steward.

: Sir Ralph Fenwick and Nicholas Musgrave, who brought in their false Scotes
for witnesses. Stow.

f In consequence of the presumption of Friars Peto and Elstow, who took upon
themselves to reprove the King for his conduct in the matter of the divorce of Queen
Katharine.

* Gerald Fitzgerald, ninth Earl of Kiklare. After having thrice filled the office
of Lord Deputy, he was accused of maladministration in 1533, and committed to the
Tower of London, where he died of grief and confinement.

11 Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, afterwards tenth Earl of Kildare.
CAMD. SOC. E

26 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1534-5. there the Bishoppe of Divelyn a was slayne. It was reported that
he was upon the coste of Englande comminge out of Irelande,
and then the wynde turned, and so was dryven backe agayne to
Irelande, where he was taken by the Lord Kildayes sonne and his
head stricken of from the bodie, and after his bodie cutt in peeces,
and as many as were with him that would not turne to the Lord
Kildayes partie were slayne and his goodes taken and. spoyled;
his name was Doctor Aleyne.

This yeare allso, in the beginninge of Michaellmasse terme,
Mr. Thomas Crumwell was made Master of the Rolles, b and tooke
his oathe in the Chauncerie the first day of the same terme.

HENRICJ VIII. Anno 26.

[A.D. 1535.] This yeare, at a Parliament holden at Westminster in Februarie,

was grawnted c to the Kinge and his heires for ever the first fruits
of all spirituall dignities and promotions fallinge after that day, and
allso the tenth parte of all spirituall promotions yearlie, to be payde
to the Kinge and his heires for ever, and the King to be taken and
called supreme heade of the Churche of Englande, d and so to be
written in his style for ever with these wordes followinge : Henrietta
Dei gratia Rex Angliae et Franciae, supremum caput ecclesise terrae
Anglican^ Defensor Fidei, &c.

Allso it was grawnted at the same Parliament a subsidie of I2d.
in the pownde, to be levied and taken of the Temporalltie, and to
be payde in two yeares next followinge, and in the third yeare a
fifteene and a tenth to be payde of the temporalltie allso.

[Anno Reg. 27.] This yeare, the 28 of Aprill, 1535, being Weddensdaye, were

arreigned at Westminster in the Kings Benche (the Lord Chaun-

a John Allen, LL.D Archbishop of Dublin.

b Thomas Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex, KG. was made Master of the
Rolls, 8th October, 1534.

= Statute 26 Henry VIII. cap. 3.

d See statutes 26 Henry VIII. cap. 1.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 27

cellor sittinge there as Highe Commissioner, with the moste parte of A - D - 1535 -
the nobles of the realme and the judges allso) a three munckes of
the Charterhowsse, one beinge Prioure of the Charterhowsse in
London named Mr. John Houghton, another named Mr. Robarte
Lawrence, 13 prioure of a place in Lincolneshire, and sometyme
chapleyn to the Duke of Northfolke now being, and the third c
prioure of a place in Northamptonshire, and one, Richarde Reynold,* 1
a brother of the monasterie of Syon, and two priests allso, one
beinge Vicare of Thistleworth e in the shire of Middlesex, and this
day were all endicted of highe treason against the Kinge; and the
morrowe after, beinge the 29th of Aprill, all the saide persons
appeared there agayne, the Lords beinge agayne present; and there
their inditements being redd afore them, a jurie of esquiers and
gentlemen of Middlesex were sworne to passe on them, and in
continent gave verditt of them beinge guiltie of the same treason,
whereupon the Lorde Cheefe Justice of Englande gave .sentence on
them, which was: that the saide muncks and priests should goe
from thence to the place they came from, which was the Tower of
London, and from thence to be drawen throughe London to
Tiburne, and there to be hanged, and beinge alyve cutt downe,
their bo wells to be brent afore them, and then their heades to be
cutt of and theyr bodies to be quartered, and then their heades and
bodies to be sett at suche places f as the King should assigne them.
And the 4th day of May followinge, being Tewsday in the Rogation
week, the parties aforesayde were drawne from the Tower to
Tyborne, and there had execution as afore is written, savinge the

* It was with the full approval of his Council that Henry VIII. took the resolution
of executing the laws without mercy against such as impugned his spiritual
authority.

b Thomas Laurence, Prior of Hexham. Stow.

c Augustine Webster, Prior of " Bevall." Stow.

Richard Reginalds, doctor, a monk of Sion. Stow.

e John Haile, Vicar of Isleworth.

f Their heads and quarters were set on the gates of the City all save one quarter,
which was set on the Charterhouse at London. Stow.

28 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1535. other priest called Jo. Feme, who had his pardon delyvered him
on the Tower Hill, and so was quitt.

This yeare, the 4th day of June, were diverse Dutch men and
weomen convicted for heresie to the number of 22, a of the which
14 were condemned, and two of them, that is to say a man and a
woman, were brent in Smythfeild this day at three of the clocke in
the afternoone, and the other 12 were sent to diverse good townes in
England, there to be brent; and the residue were converted and
commaunded to departe out of this realme within 14 dayes into
their countries, on payne of death at the Kings pleasure.

This yeare, 11 Junii, were arreigned in the Kinges Benche at
Westminster 3 munckes of the Charterhowsse of London, and
there condempned of highe treason against the Kinge, b and judged
to be drawne, hanged, bowelled, beheaded, and quartered ; one of
them was called Francis Nitigate, c another called Mr. Exmew, d
prompter of the same place, and the third was called Mr. Middle-
The arreign- more, vicar of the same place. 6 This yeare allso, the 17 day of
Slrf Bbhop June > was arreigned at Westminster in the Kinges Benche Mr.
of Rochester. John Fisher, Bishop of Kochester, for treason againste the Kinge,
and there was condemned by a jurie of knightes and esquiers (the
Lord Chauncellore sittinge as Highe Judge), who gave this sentence
on him : that the sayde John Fisher shoulde goe from thence to
the place he came from, which was the Tower of London, and from
thence to be drawne thorowe the cittie of London to Tiburne, there
to be hanged, being alyve cutt downe, his bowells to be taken out
of his bodie and brent afore him, his head to be cutt of, and his
bodie to be devided in 4 or partes, and his head and bodye to be
sett at suche places as the King should assigne. The effect of the

a On the 25th May, in St. Paul s church at London, 19 men and 6 women, born
in Holland, were examined, of whom 14 were convicted as Anabaptists. Stow.

b The treason against the King was for denying that Henry could be, in spiritual
matters, the head of the Church.

c Sebastian Nidigate. Stow.

d Thomas Exmew or de Exmouth.

e Humphry Middlemore, Vicar of Exmouth.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 29

treason was for denyinge the Kinge to be supreme head of the A.D. 1535.
Churche of Englande, accordinge to a statute made at the last
session of the Parliaments

The 19th day of June, beinge Saterday, the 3 muncks of the
Charterhowsse, afore written, were drawne from the Tower to
Tyborne, and there were executed accordinge to their judgment, and
their heades and bodies hanged at diverse gates aboute the Cittie.

Allso, the 22th of June, beinge Tewsday, John Fisher, Bishopp The Bishopp
of Eochester, was beheaded "at the Tower Hill, and the residue of p u ttto deathe.
his execution pardoned; his bodie was buried within Barkinge
churche yeard b next the Towre of London, and his head was sett
on London Bridge.

This yeare allso, the first day of Julie, beinge Thursdaye, S r sir Thomas
Thomas More, knight, sometyme Chauncellor of England, was death,
arreigned at Westminster for highe treason and there condemned,
and the Tuesday after, beinge the 6th of Julie, he was beheaded at
the Tower Hill, and his bodie was buried within the chappell in
the Tower of London, and his head was sett on London Bridge.
The effect of his death was for the same causse that the Bishopp of
Kochester died for. d

a This bishop was of very many men lamented, for he was reported to be a man
of great learning, and a man of very good life, but therein wonderfully deceived, for
he maintained the Pope to be supreme head of the Church, and very maliciously
refused the King s title of supreme head. It was said that the Pope, for that he
held so manfully with him, and stood so stifly in his cause, did elect him a Cardinal,
and sent the Cardinal s hat as far as Calais, but the head it should have stande on
was as high as London Bridge or ever the hat could come to Bishop Fisher, and
then it was too late, and therefore he neither wore it nor enjoyed his office. Hall s
Chronicle," ed. 1809, p. 817.

b Bishop Fisher s body was taken up out of Barking churchyard, and re-buried
with Sir Thomas More, both in the Tower. Stow, p. 572.

c The interrogatories and answers of Sir Thomas More and Bishop Fisher will be
found printed in the first volume of State Papers, pp. 431-6.

d For refusing to subscribe the new Oath of Supremacy as enacted by the last
parliament. " This Act/ said Sir Thomas More, " is like a sword with two edges,
for if a man answer one way it will destroy the soul, and if he answer another it
will destroy the body."

30 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1535. Allso this yeare was commaunded by the King that all bishops
Injunctions to and curates should preach the gospell of Christe syncerlye and
againste the trulie everie Sunday and festivall day in their diocesse and parishe

U f th^p power churches thorowe out all Englande, and allso should publishe and
shewe to the people how the Pope hath usurped and taken upon
him contrarie to Christes faythe, and that his auctoritie and pardons
should be extinct and putt downe out of this realme of England
for ever more, and his name to be blotted or putt out of the masse
booke for ever. a

Allso divers religiouse persons, muncks. freres, and chanons,
left their religiouse habitt, and took on them capasites for benefices
and secular preistes habitt.

Newe Mshopps Allso this yeare, after mydsommer, Dr. Fox, the Kinges almoner, b
was made Bishopp of Hereford, and the black friere of Bristowe c
was made Bishop of Rochester, and Dr. Latimer Bishop of Worcester,
which men were great furtherers [of the Reformation]/ in their
preachinges, shewinge the abusions of the Spiritualtie, and allso how
the worde of God ought to be preached syncerelye and purelye.

Allso this yeare, in August, the Lord Thomas Gerard, 6 sonne to
the Earle of Kildaye, was taken in Irelande by the Lord Leonard
Marques/ and sent into England to the King to Winchester, but
the King sent him to prison to the Tower of London shortlye
after.

jjji

a For the measures taken to suppress the Pope s authority in England, see
" Minutes for the Council," printed in the first volume of State Papers, pp.
411-414.

b Edward Fox, Archdeacon of Leicester, and Provost of King s College.

c John Hilsey, Prior of the Dominican Friars in London, appointed Bishop of
Rochester, October 4, 1535.

d These words are not in MS.

e Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, who succeeded to the title of Kildare on the death of
his father in the Tower of London about 1534, headed the rebellion of the Fitz-
geralds, but, being made p isoner, was sent into England and beheaded in 1537.

f Lord Leonard Grey, fourth sou of Thomas Marquis of Dorset. For this service
he was created Viscount Graney, and in the year following (1536) made Lord Justice
and Lord Deputy of Ireland.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 31

Also this yeare Mr. Thomas Cromwell and Doctor Lee a visited A.D. 1535.
all the religious places in Englande, b being ordayned by the Kinges
grace for his high visitors, and they tooke out of everie religious
house all religious persons from the age of 24 years and under, d
and shewed them how they shoulde use wilfull povertie, 6 and also
he closed up all the residue of the religious persons booth men and
weomen that would remaine still, so that they should not come out
of their places, nor np men resorte to the places of nonnes, nor
weomen to come into the places of religious men, but onelie to
heere service and masses in their churches, and also they tooke out
of divers churches of England certaine reliques that the people were
wont to worshipp, as Our Ladies girdell at Westminster, which
weomen with chield were wont to girde with, and Sainct Elizabethes
girdell, and in Poules a relique of Our Ladies milke, which was
broken and founde but a peece of chalke, with other reliques in
divers places which they f used for covetousnes in deceaphing the
people.

Also this yeare, on Saint Edwardes Eaven/ at the election of the
Major in the Yelde hall, Mr. Gostife, the Kinges serieante, brought
a letter from the King to the Eecorder, which letter was read openlie
in the hall, declaring that the Kinges pleasure was that the Comens
should elect and chuse for their Major Sir John Allen, maiocer, 11
being also one of the Kinges Counsell, and so he was chosen by

a Dr. Thomas Lee.

b A report of these visitations was compiled for the use of the King and Parlia
ment, but has not been preserved.

c Thomas Cromwell was chosen to manage this inquiry under the name of Visitor-
General, and he appointed as his substitutes or Commissioners, Richard Leighton,
Thomas Lee, and William Petre, Doctors of Law, and Dr. John London, Dean of
Wallingford, &c. See Herbert, p. 186; Bui-net, i. p. 183.

d As Supreme Head of the Church, Henry discharged from their vows such as
were professed under four-and-twenty years of age, and allowed all the rest to quit
their houses, and live as seculars if they so pleased.

- All religious men that departed, the abbot or prior to give them for their habit
a priest s gown and forty shillings in money. Stow.

f Miswritten in MS. " while the." s October 12. h Mercer.

32 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1535-6. the whole voyce of the Commons, which was donne against his will;
somme thought it was donne by the counsell of Mr. Secretarie for
somme consideration, but it was said that it cost Mr. Alan above an
hundred markes in giftes and rewardes to put it by, but it prevayled
not.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 27.

This yeare, the 12th a daie of November, was songe at Paules a
masse of the Holie Ghost and Te Deum, first with the children of
Paules schole, and then all the orders of fryars with copes on their
backes, all the channons about London, the monkes of Tower Hill,
Barmonsley, and Westminster, with all the priestes of everie parrishe
in London, Poules quire going all in rytch robes of cloath of gould,
and seaven abbotts and bishopps with myters on their heades, the
Bishop of London bearing the sacramente of the aulter under a rich
cannapie of gould with torches going about it, and then the batchlers
of the Majors craft following afore the Major and Aldermen, and
after them all the craftes in London in their best liveries, which
solemnitie was donne for the health of Frances the French Kinge,
which was nighe dead, and so recovered againe by the goodnes of
Almightie God.
[A.D. 1536.] This yeare, the morrowe after twelve daie being Fridaie and

Death of the 7th daie of Januarie, b 1535[-6] the honorable and noble Princes,
Queen Kathe-

n< a llth according to Stow, which is probably the correct date, being St. Martin s day.

b Stow and Hall, with other authorities, state that Queen Katharine died on the
8th January, but the correctness of our text as to the day is placed beyond a doubt
by the original letter of Sir Edward Chamberleyn and Sir Edmund Bedyngfeld
transmitting this intelligence to Cromwell, still extant in the Public Record Office,
and which runs thus:

" Pleaseth yt yower honorable Maystershipp to be advertysed, that this 7th day of
January, abowt 10 of the clock before none, the Lady Dowager was aneled with the
Holy Oyntment, Mayster Chamberlein and I called to the same ; and before 2 of the
clock at afternone she departed to God. Besechyng yow that the Kyng may be
advertysed of the same, and furder to know yower pleasour yn every thyng aper-
teyuyng to that purpose; and, furder, in all other causes coucernyng the hows, the
servantes, and all other thynges, as shall stand wyth the Kynge s pleasour and
yowers."

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 33

Queene Katherin, former wife to King Henrie the VIII th , departed A.D, 1536.
from her worldlie lief at Bugden, a in Huntingdon shire, about tenne
of the clocke at night, b and she was buried at Peterborowe c the
29th daie of Januarie, being Saturdaie.

This yeare also, three dales before Candlemas, d Queene Anne was
brought a bedd and -delivered of a man chield. as it was said, afore
her tyme, for she said that she had reckoned herself at that tyme
but fiftene weekes gonne with chield ; it was said she tooke a
fright, for the King ranne that tyme at the ring and had a fall
from his horse, but he had no hurt; and she tooke such a fright
with all that it caused her to fall in travaile, 6 and so was delivered
afore her full tyme, which was a great discompfort to all this
realm e. f

This yeare also, the first Soundaie after Candlemas, being the 1.

sixt daie of Febmarie, the Archbishopp of Canterberie, called (^niner Ppe
Thomas Cranmer, preached at Paules Crosse, my Lord Chauncelor preached at

of England being then present at his sermon, and their he approved, againste the

usurped power
* Queen Katharine died at Kimbolton Castle, about three miles from the village of of the Bishopp

Buckden, to which seat she retired after her divorce from Henry VIII. She was in of Rome,
the fiftieth year of her age, and thirty-third after her arrival in England. A full
account of her illness and death will be found in Strype s " Memorials," vol. i.
p. 24:1.

b This would appear to be an error for 2 o clock in the afternoon. See preceding
page, note b .

c In the Abbey Church, which Henry VIII. afterwards converted into a Cathedral.
The circular letter addressed by the King to many persons of quality, requiring their
attendance in the conveyance of the corpse from Kimbolton to Peterborough, will be
found in MS. Harleian. 540, fol. 52 b .

As Candlemas Day is the 2nd of February, our Author must have calculated
three full days, exclusive of the 29th January, 1536.

e Another account is that her miscarriage was occasioned by the shock which she
received upon discovering that Henry VIII. bad transferred his affections to Jane
Seymour.

f Her miscarriage was thought to have made an ill impression on the King s
mind, who from thence concluded that this marriage was displeasing to God.
Burnet, i. p. 196.

% Sir Thomas Audley, who had succeeded the learned Sir Thomas More as Chan
cellor in 1532.

CAMD. SOC. F

34 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. by scripture and by the decrees of the Popes lawes, that the Bishop
of Rome, otherwise called Pope, was Antichrist, and also brought
divers expositions of holie sainctes and doctors for the same ; and
how craftelie, and by what meanes, and how long, he had taken
upon him the power of God and the aucthoritie above all princes
christened, and how his aucthoritie and lawes was contrarie to
scripture and the lawe of God, as he then honorably declared and
approved to the cleere understanding of all the people.

The seconde sermon, being on Septuagesima Sundaie, their
preached at Powles Crosse the Bishop of Eochester. a

The Sondaie of Sexagesima preached at St. Poules Crosse the
Bishopp of Lincolne. b

4. The Soundaie of Quinquegesima, being the 27th dale of

Februarie and Leepe yeare, A.D. 1535 [-6], preached at Paules
Crosse the Bushoppe of Durhame, named Dr. Dunstall, c sometime
Bishopp of London, and afore that, being M r of the Rolls; and
their were present at his sermon the Archbishopp of Canterberie
with eight other bishopps, sitting at the crosse before the preacher;
and the Lorde Chauncellor of Englande, the Duke of Norfolke, the
Duke of SufTolke, with six Erles and divers other lordes, stoode
behinde the preacher within the pulpitt, and also fower monkes of
the Charterhouse of London were brought to the said sermon,
which denied the King to be supreame heade of the Church of
Englande. And their the said preacher declared the profession of
the Bishopp of Rome when he is elected Pope, according to the
confirmation of eight universall general counsells, which were con
gregate for the faith of all Christendome ; and everie Pope taketh
an othe on the articles, promising to observe, keepe, and hould all
that the said counsells confirmed, and to damprie all that they

* John Hilsey, Prior of the Dominican Friars in London, appointed 4th October,
1535, to this see, then vacant by the execution of Bishop Fisher.

b John Longland, Chancellor of the University of Oxford, and late Canon of
Windsor.

c Cuthbert Tunstall, translated from London 25th March, 1530.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 35

dampned; and how he, contrarie to his oth, hath usurped his A.D. 1636.
power and aucthoritie over all Christendome ; and also how un
charitably he had handled our Prince, King Henrie the Eight, in
marjing [him to] his brother s wife, contrarie to Godes lawes and
also against his owne promise and decrees, which he opened by
scriptures and by the cannons of the Appostles ; and also how everie
Kinge hath the highe power under God, and ought to be the
supreame head over all spirituall prelates, which was a goodlie and
gracious hearing to all the audience being their present at the same
sermon. And in his prayers he said, after this manner, ye shall
pray for the universall church of all Christendome, and especiall for
the prosperous estate of our Soveraigne and Emperour King
Henrie the Eight, being the onelie supreame head of this realme of
Englande; and he declared also in his said sermon how that the
Cardinalls of Rome bee but curattes and decons of the cittie and
province of Rome, and how that everie curate of any parrish have
as much power as they have, according to scripture, save onelie
that the Pope of Rome hath made them so high authorities
onelie for to exhalt his name and power in Christen realmes for
covetousnes, as by his owne decrees he evidentlie their approved.

The first Soundaie of Lent preached at Paules Crosse the Bishopp 5.

of Salisberie. a

The second Soundaie of Lent preached at Paules Crosse the 6 -

Bishop of Worcestre. b

The third Soundaie of Lent preached at Paules Crosse the Bishopp 7.

of Bangor. c

This yeare, on Maye daie, 1536, beinge Moundaie, was a great [Anno Reg. 28.]
justing at Greene wych, where was chalengers my Lorde of Rochforde
and others, and defenders Mr. Noris and others. d

a Nicholas Shaxton, elected 22nd February, 1535, in place of Cardinal Campeggio,
who was deprived by Act of Parliament, in 1534, for non-residence.

b Hugh Latimer.

c John Salcot, alias Capon, Abbot of Hyde, consecrated 19th April, 1634.

d Stow adds: " From these joustes King Henry sodainely departed to Westminster,
having only with him six persons, of which sodaine departure men marvelled."

36

WRIOTHESLEY S CHKONICLE.

A.D. 1536.

Queen Anne
sent to the
Tower.

And the seconde dale of Male, Mr. Norris and my Lorde of
Eochforde were brought to the Towre of London as prisonners;
and the same dale, about five of the clock e at night, a the Queene
Anne Bolleine was brought to the Towre of London by my
Lord Chauncelor, b the Duke of Norfolke, Mr. Secretarie, c and
Sir William Kingston, Constable of the Tower ; and when she
came to the court gate, d entring in, she fell downe on her knees
before the said lordes, beseeching God to helpe her as she was
not giltie of her accusement, 6 and also desired the said lordes to
beseech the Kinges grace to be good unto her, and so they left her
their prisoner/

Item, the 12th daie of Maie, 1536, being Fridaie, their were
arraygned at Westminster e Sir Frances Weston, knight, Henrie
Norris, esquier, Brerton, and Markes, being all fower of the Kinges
Privie Chamber, 11 and their condempned of high treason against the
Kinge for using fornication with Queene Anne, wife to the Kinge,
and also for conspiracie of the Kinges death, and their judged to
be hanged, drawen, and quartered, their members cutt of and brent
before theim, their heades cutt of and quartered ; my Lord Chaun-
celor being the highest Commissioner he geving their judgment,
with other lordes of the Kinges Counsell being presente at the
same tyme.

And the morrowe after, being Satterdaie, and the thirtenth daie

a "In the afternoon." Stow.

b Sir Thomas Audley.

c Sir Thomas Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex.

d " Towergate " in Stow.

e On her arrest she was informed of the accusation of adultery.

1 Anne s prison-chamber was that in which she had slept the night before her
coronation.

s They were tried by a Commission of Oyer and Terminer in Westminster Hall,
after having been twice indicted. True bills were found by the two grand juries
of the counties of Kent and Middlesex, the crimes they were charged with being
said to be done in both counties.

h Sir Francis Weston and William Brereton, esq. of the King s Privy Chamber
Henry Norris, Groom of the Stole, and one Mark Smeton, a musician.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 37

.

of Male, Maister Fittes-Williams, a Treasorer of the Kinges howse, A.D. 1536.
and Mr. Controoler, b deposed and brooke upp the Queenes house-
houlde at Greene wich, and so discharged all her servantes of their
offices clearlye.

Item, on Munday, c the 15th of May, 1536, there was arreigned
within the Tower of London Queene Anne, d for treason againste
the Kinges owne person, and there was a great scaffold made in
the Kinges Hall within the Tower of London, and there were
made benches and seates for the lordes, my Lord of Northfolke
sittinge under the clothe of estate, representinge there the Kinges
person as Highe Steward of Englande and uncle to the Queene,
he holdinge a longe white staffe in his hande, and the Earle of
Surrey, his sonne and heire, sittinge at his feete before him holdinge
the golden staffe for the Earle Marshall of Englande, which sayde
office the saide duke had in his handes ; the Lord Awdley,
Chauncellour of England, sittinge on his right hande, and the
Duke of Suffolke on his left hande, with other marqueses, earles,
and lordes, everie one after their degrees.

And first the Kinges commission was redd, and then the Constable The arreign
of the Tower 6 and the Lieutenant f brought forthe the Queene to Annef
the barre, where was made a chaire for her to sitt downe in, and Tower of
then her indictment was redd afore her,s whereunto she made so
wise and discreet aunsweres to all thinges layde against her, excusinge
herselfe with her wordes so clearlie, as thoughe she had never bene

a Sir William Fitzwilliam, knt. afterwards Earl of Southampton, held the office
of Treasurer of the Household from 1526 to 1537.

b Sir Edward Poynings.

c Stow s account seems to have been taken from this, with considerable verbal
differences and some omissions.

d There was no precedent for the trial of a Queen for treason, so Henry determined
that she should be arraigned before a commission of Lords, as had been practised in
the case of the Duke of Buckingham.

e Sir William Kingston. f Sir Edmond Walsingham.

s Her indictment, which comprised six several charges, is preserved in the Public
Record Office, with the subsequent proceedings thereon.

38 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. faultie to the same, a and at length putt her to the triall of the Peeres
of the Realme, and then were 26 b of the greatest peeres there present
chosen to passe on her, the Duke of Suffolke beinge highest, and,
after thei had communed together, the yongest lorde of the saide
inquest was called first to give verdict, who sayde guiltie, d and so
everie lorde and earle after their degrees sayde guiltie to the last
and so condemned her. 6 And then the Duke of Xorthfolke gave this
sentence on her, sayinge : Because thou haste offended our Sovereigne
the Kinges grace, in committinge treason against his person, and here
attaynted of the same, f the lawe of the realme is this, that thou haste
deserved death, and thy judgment is this : That thow shalt be brent
here within the Tower of London on the Greene, els to have thy head
smitten of as the Kinges pleasure shal be further knowne of the same;
and so she was brought to warde agayne, and two ladies wayted on
her, which came in with her at the first, and wayted still on her, whose
names were the Ladie Kingstone and the Ladie Boleyn, her aunte. 11

a Upon her examination she positively denied she had ever been false to the King;
but, being told that Norris, Weston, Brereton, and Smeton had accused her, she said
she ought not to conceal certain things which had passed between her and them.
See Burnet, torn. i. pp. 191, 280, &c.

b It is observable that, out of the fifty- three peers then in England, only twenty-
six were present at the trial.

c This expression lends some countenance to the conjecture that, according to the
method introduced by Cardinal Wolsey in the condemnation of the Duke of Buck
ingham, care was taken to select those who could be relied upon to gratify the King s
will.

d The evidence produced at the Queen s trial is said to have been purposely
destroyed. See Burnet, torn. i. p. 197.

e This sentence, affirming the unanimity of the Court, is omitted, and the
judgment delivered by Norfolk much abbreviated, in Stow.

f Had the sentence of divorce been passed before Anne s trial she could not have
been convicted of adultery, since her marriage with the King must have been con
sidered only as a concubinage. See Rapin, i. p. 812.

Lady Kingstone was wife of Sir William Kingstone, Captain of the Guard and
Constable of the Tower.

h Other authorities state that Mrs. Cosen and Anne s aunt, Mrs. Boleyn, were the
two ladies appointed to attend on her in the Tower.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 39

After this, immediatlie, the Lord of Rocheforde, her brother, A.D. 1536.
was arreigned for treason, which was for knowinge the Queene, his The arreigu-
sister, carnallie, moste detestable against the lawe of God and nature Lord of Roche-
allso, and treason to his Prince, and allso for conspiracie of the forde -
Kinges death: Whereunto he made aunswere so prudentlie and
wiselie to all articles layde against him, thatmarveil it was to heare,
and never would confesse anye thinge, but made himselfe as cleare
as though he had never offended. a Howbeit he was there con
demned by 26 lordes and barons of treason, and then my Lord of
Northfolke gave him this judgment: That he should goe agayne to
prison in the Tower from whence he came, and to be drawne from
the saide Towre of London thorowe the Cittie of London to the
place of execution called Tyburne, and there to be hanged, beinge
alyve cutt downe, and then his members cutt of and his bowells
taken owt of his bodie and brent before him, and then his head cutt
of and his bodie to be divided in 4 or peeces, and his head and bodie
to be sett at suche places as the King should assigne ; and after this
the court brake up for that tyme. The Major of London b with
certeyne Aldermen were present at this arreignment of the Queene
and her brother, with the wardeins and 4 persons more of 12 of the
principall craftes of London.

Allso the 17th day of May, beinge Weddensday, the Lord ofLordRoch-
Rochforde, Mr. Norys, Mr. Bruton, Sir Francis Weston, and^ s a ^ ttto
Markys, c were all beheaded d at the Tower-hill ; and the Lord of death at the
Rocheforde, brother to Queene Anne, sayde these wordes followinge "
on the scaffold e to the people with a lowde voyce : Maisters all, I
am come hither not to preach and make a sermon, but to dye, as
the lawe hath fownde me, and to the lawe I submitt me, desirin^e

" D

a All the accomplices protested their innocence except Smeton, who confessed he
had well deserved to die, which gave occasion to many reflections. Burnet, vol. i.
p. 201; vol. iii. p. 120.

b Sir John Allen.

c Henry Norris, William Brereton, Sir Francis Weston, and Mark Smeton.

a They were all beheaded except Smeton, who was hanged. Burnet.

40 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. you all, and speciallie you my maisters of the Courte, that you will
trust on God speciallie, and not on the vanities of the worlde, for
if I had so done, I thincke I had bene alyve as yee be now; allso
I desire you to helpe to the settinge forthe of the true worde of
God; and whereas I am sclaundered by it, I have bene diligent
to reade it and set it furth trulye; but if I had bene as diligent
to observe it, and done and lyved thereafter, as I was to read it
and sett it forthe, I had not come hereto, wherefore I beseche you
all to be workers and lyve thereafter, and not to reade it and lyve
not there after. As for myne offences, it can not prevayle you to
heare them that I dye here for, but I beseche God that I may be
an example to you all, and that all you may be wayre by me, and
hartelye I require you all to pray for me, and to forgive me if I have
offended you, and I forgive you all, and God save the Kinge. a
Their bodies with their heades were buried within the Tower of
London; the Lord of Kochfordes bodie and head within the
chappell of the Tower, Mr. Weston b and Norys c in the church
yeard of the same in one grave,, Mr. Bruton d and Markes e in another
grave in the same churche yerde within the Tower of London/
The King And the same day, in the afber-noone, at a solemne court kept at

Queene Anne. Lambeth by the Lord Archbishoppe of Canterburie g and the doctors

a This speech is not given by Stow or Hall.

b Sir Francis Weston.

c Henry Norris left a son Henry, who was restored in blood by Queen Elizabeth,
and created a peer in 1572, and from whom is descended the present Earl of
Abingdon.

d William Brereton.

c This repeated misnomer of Smeton would seem to warrant the inference that he
was known to the writer in conversation only by his Christian name.

f Compare the above with the abstract in Constantyne s memoir, " Archaeologia,"
xxiii. p. 65.

g Crancner having sent copies of articles of objection to the validity of the marriage
to the King in his palace, and to the Queen in the Tower, " that it might be for the
salvation of their souls," summoned each to appear in his Ecclesiastical Court at
Lambeth to show cause why a sentence of divorce should not be passed. Dr.
Sampson appeared for the King, and Drs. Wotton and Barbour for the Queen, by
the King s appointment.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 41

of the la we, the King was divorsed from his wife Queene Anne, a and A.D. 1536.
there at the same cowrte was a privie contract approved that she
had made to the Earle of Northumberlande b afore the Kings ty me ; c
and so she was discharged, and was never lawfull Queene of England,
and there it was approved the same. d

The Fridaye followinge. bein^e the 19th day of May. 1536, and Queene Anne

. beheaded in

the 28 th yeare of King Henry the VIII th , at eight of the clocke the Tower with

in the morninge, Anne Bulleyn, Queene, was brought to execution 6 a sworde -
on the greene within the Tower of London, by the great White
Tower; the Lord Chauncelloure of England, the Duke of Richmond,
Duke of Suffolke, with the moste of the Kings Councell, as erles,
lordes, and nobles of this realme, beinge present at the same; allso
the Major of London, with the Alldermen and Sheriffs, and certayne
of the best craftes of London, beinge there present allso. On a
scaffolde made there for the sayde execution the sayde Queen Ann
sayde thus: Maisters, I here humblye submitt me to the lawe as
the lawe hath judged me, f and as for myne offences, I here accuse
no man, God knoweth them; I remitt them to God, beseechinge

a Archbishop Cranmer, who acted as the Queen s confessor whilst in the Tower,
pronounced that her marriage was, and always had been, utterly null and void, in
consequence of certain just and lawful impediments which, it was said, were unknown
at the time of the union, but had lately been confessed to the Archbishop by the
lady herself.

b The Earl of Northumberland denied any such pre-contract, but the Queen would
appear to have confessed as much in hope of having her life spared, or at least by
the assurance that the judgment condemning her to the stake should be changed
into the milder punishment of death by the axe. See Burnet.

c Previous to her marriage with the King.

d The process in the Ecclesiastical Court was submitted, after Anne s death, to the
members of the Convocation and the two Houses of Parliament; and the Church,
Commons, and Lords, ratified it.

e The beheading of Anne Boleyri was deferred from Wednesday, May 17th, when
her pretended associates were executed, until Friday, May 19th, in order that her
divorce might be procured for the illegitimatizing of her daughter Elizabeth.

f It is generally believed her fear of drawing the King s anger on her daughter
Elizabeth prevented her from insisting upon her own innocence in public. See
Herbert, p. 194; Strype s "Memoirs," i. p. 283.
CAMD. SOC. G

42 WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. hi m to have mercye on my sowle, and I beseche Jesu save my
sovereigne and maister the Kinge, the moste godlye, noble, and
gentle Prince that is, and longe to reigne over yow; which wordes
were spoken with a goodlye smilinge countenance; 8 and this done,
she kneeled downe on her knees and sayde: To Jesu Christe I
commend my sowle; b and suddenlye the hangman smote of her
heade at a stroke with a sworde ; d her bodye with the head was
buried in the Chappell 6 within the Tower of London, in the queere
there, the same daye at afternoone, when she had reygned as Queene
three yeares, lackinge 14 dayes, from her coronation to her death.

Also this yeare, at a Parliament holden at Westminster in
Februarie last past, f and ended the Thursdaie afore Easter, it was
granted % to the King and his heires, to the augmentation of the

3 Her cheerful carriage on the day of execution is attested by the letter of Sir
William Kingston, Constable of the Tower, to Cromwell, wherein he says: "This
morning she sent for me, that I might be with her at such time as she received the
good Lord, to the intent I should hear her speak as touching her innocency alway to
be clear. And in the writing of this she sent for me, and at my coming she said,
Mr. Kingston, I hear I shall not die afore noon, and I am very sorry therefore, for
I thought to be dead by this time and past my pain/ I told her it should be no
pain, it was so little. And then she said, I heard say the executioner was very good,
and I have a little neck, and put her hands about it, laughing heartily. I have seen
many men and also women executed, and that they have been in great sorrow, and to
my knowledge this lady has much joy and pleasure in death. Sir, her almoner is
continually with her, and had been since two o clock after midnight."

b Up to this point this speech is in Stow, with a few verbal differences, and is
given in substance in Hall s Chronicle.

c The hangman of Calais was selected, as being more expert at his business than
any in England.

d Our author is correct in his statement that Anne s head was severed from her
body with a sword, that being the French mode of decapitation, and not with an
axe, as was the prevailing custom in England. We must therefore reject as
apocryphal the story of the axe still shown in the Tower.

e In the choir of the chapel in the Tower. Stow.

f This session was held upon prorogation at Westminster, 4th February, 1536,
and continued till the 14th April following, which would be the Wednesday before
Easter Sunday. See Statutes at Large, i. p. 452.

e By statute 27 Henry VIII. cap. 28.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 43

crowne, all religious howses in this realme of Englande of the value A.D. 1536

of tow hundred poundes and under [a-year], with all landes and

goodes belonging to the said howses, in as ample manner as the said

abbottes and priors held theim. The some of the howses amounted to

376, a the value of their landes 32 thousand poundes and more, b and

the moveables of their goodes, as they were sold, amounted above

one hundred thousand poundes; and the religious persons that

were in the said howses were clearlie putt out, some [went] to

[o] their [greater] howses [and] some went abroade in the woiide. c

Againe it was pitie the great lamentation that the poore people

made for theim, for there was great hospitalitie kept amonge theim,

and, as it was reported, tenne thousand persons had lost their living

by the putting downe of theim, which was great pitie.

Also the 20th daie of Maie d the King was maried secreetlie at
Chelsey, in Middlesex, to one Jane Seymor, daughter to Sir John
Seymor, knight, 6 in the countie of Wilshire, late departed from
this lief, which Jane was first a way ting gentlewoman to Queene
Katherin, f and after to Anne Bolleine, late Queene, also; and she
was brought to White Hall, by Westminster, the 30th daie of
Maie, g and their sett in the Queene s seate under the canapie of
estate royall.

Also, the 4th daie of June, being Whitsoundaie, the said Jane

a Or, according to other authorities, 380 of the lesser houses, being those with
revenues under 200Z. a year.

In addition to their yearly income of 32,OOOZ. these monastic establishments
were returned as possessing 100,OOOZ. in money, plate, and jewels.

c The text of our MS. being here corrupt, the words in brackets haye been supplied
from Stow.

d The day following Anne Boleyn s execution.

e She was daughter of Sir John Seymour, of Wolf Hall, in Wiltshire, Groom of
the Chamber to Henry VIII. and governor of Bristol Castle, by Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir Henry Wentworth, of Nettlested, in Suffolk. Dugdale s Baronage, vol. ii.
p. 361.

f The time of Jane s introduction at Court is not known, but, if she held the post
of maid of honour to Queen Katharine, it must have been earlier than is generally
supposed.

g Other authorities say 29th May, being the Monday before Whitsunday.

44 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. Seymor was proclaymed Queene a at Greenewych, and went in
procession, after the King, with a great traine of ladies folio winge
after her, and also .ofred at masse as Queene, and began her howse-
hold that daie, dyning in her chamber of presence under the cloath
of estate.

Also, the 7th daie of June, being Wednesdaie in Whitson weeke,
the King and the Queene went from Grenewych to Yorke Place,
at Westminster, by water, his lordes going in barges afore him,
everie lord in his owne barge, and the Kinge and the Queene in a
barge togeeter, followinge after the lordes barges, with his guard
following him in a great barge; and as he passed by the shipps
in the Thames everie shippe shott gonns, and at KadclifFe the
Emperoures Embassidour stoode in a tente with a banner of the
Emperoures armes seett in the topp of his tente and divers banners
about the same, he himself being in a rych gowne of purple satten,
with divers gentlemen standinge about him with gownes and cottes
of velvett; and when the Beach Kinges b barge came by him, he sent
tow bottes of his servantes to rowe aboute the Kinges barge, one of
them were his trumpetters, and another with shalmes and sage-
bottes, and so made a great reverence to the Kinge and Queene as
they came by him, and then he lett shott a fortie great gonns, and
as the Kinge came against the Tower of London their was shott
above fower hundred peeces of ordinance, and all the tower walls
towardes the water side were sett with great streamers and banners ;
and so the Kinge passed throwe London Bridge, with his trumpetts
blowinge before him, and shalmes, sagbuttes, and dromeslawes c
playing also in barges going before him, which was a goodlie sight
to beholde.

Also the morrowe after, being Thursdaie in Whitson weeke, and

a Jane was proclaimed Queen, but never crowned, her coronation, as we learn from
this Chronicle (see page 55), having been fixed for the Sunday before Allhallows, but
put off by reason of the pestilence then in London.

b He was probably the master of ceremonies in the aquatic pageants, as there was
no City official who bore that title.

c Drummers, from the Dutch " Trommel-slaager."

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 45

the eight dale of June, the Perliament beganne, the King riding A.D. 1536.
from Yorke Place to Westminster with all his lordes before him, The manner

i i IT i T7- and order of

the Queene standing in the newe gatehowse beholding the King the Kings

and his lordes as they rode ; and when they were come in the 01D S to

J . . . Parleament

Perliament chamber at Westminster they putt on their Perliament Howse.
robes, and so went into Westminster Abbey on the backe side by
the Kinges newe chappell, a in order as followeth: first came tow
pursevantes with their cote armoures on them, all esquiers following
them, after tow pursevantes againe with their cote armoures,
knightes following them, then tow haroldes of armes with rich
cote armoures, all abbottes being lordes of the Perliament Howse
following with robes of blacke cloath lyned with satten and sarcenett,
which were nyneteene in number; then tow haroldes againe, the
bishopps followinge them in robes of scarlett furred with white
lettis b with hoodes of the same, which were tenne in number; after
them the Archbishopp of Canterberie and the Archbishopp of Yorke
with their crosses afore them, they being in robes of scarlett furred
with white; after them sergeantes at armes with their maces; then
the Kinges haroldes with their cote armoures; then my Lord
Chauncelor of Englande, in his Perliament robe of scarlett with a
hood to the same furred with white lettis, with the Kinges great
scale borne before him ; then the Earle of Sussex c in his robe of
scarlett bearing the sworde afore the Kinge, and the Duke of
Rychmonde in his robe bearing the cappe of maynetenance, the
King following in a robe of crimson velvett furred with poudre
ermyns, with a hood of the same, the Earle of Oxford d bearing the
Kinges traine on his sholder after him as High Chamberlaine of
England, the Lorde Sandes e bearing the traine in the middes as

a Henry the Seventh s Chapel.

11 Lattice or network. See Nares s " Glossary," ed. Halliwell and Wright.

c Robert Radcliffe, Viscount Fitzwalter, created Earl of Sussex, 28th December,
1529, K.G. and a Privy Councillor.

d John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and hereditary Lord Great Chamberlain.

e Sir William Sandys, created Lord Sandys of the Vine, 1523, K.G. appointed
Lord Chamberlain in reversion, 1525, and succeeded to the office in 1526.

46 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. Chamberlaine of the Kinges liowse; then after tlie King followed
the Duke of Suffolke, a and all erles, marques, and lordes, all in
their Perliament robes of scaiiett furred with white, and their hoodes
about their neckes, which were fortie in number; everie duke
having fower barres of white furre alongest the right side of their
robes, and everie earle having three barres of white furre alongest
the right side of their robes, and everie lord tow barres in likewise.
And, when the King came against the new chappell their, the
Abbott of Westminster mett him with the convent, with procession,
all in rich copes of gold, the abbott being mitred, and fower monkes
bearing a rich cannopie of cloth of gold which they sett over the
Kinge, and then the abbott sensed the King, and delivered him a
scepter of gould in his hand, which was Sainct Edwardes the
Confessor; and so the King proceeded into the church downe to
the west end of the monkes quire, and so went into the monkes
quire, where was made a seate for the King in the upper ende of
the quire, which was the abbottes stall, with a rych cloath of estate
hanging over the Kinges heade, and their the King sate downe, and
all the lordes sate in the monkes seates in the quire, everie one in
their degrees in order; also in the said quire was an aultar made,
richlie hanged before the Kinges seate, where the King had a lowe
masse; this donne, masse of the Holie Ghost beganne, which was
song in the Kinges Chappell, the Bishopp of London executing
at the high aultar, and after the creede the King went to the high
aulter and ofred, and then went into the traves b that was made for
him at the alters end, and their he had another aulter made before
his traves, where he had another lowe masse said afore him, and
their contynued till masse was donne; and after masse he went into
the Perliament Chamber in the same order that he came into the
church; their being comen he sate downe in his seat royall like a
noble prince, and all his lordes, booth spirituall and temporal!, in their

a Charles Brandon, brother-in-law of the King, having married Mary, sister of
Henry VIII. and Dowager of Louis XII. of France.
b A cross-seat.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 47

seates after their degrees; and my Lord Chauncellor of Englande, A.D. 1536.

which was Sir Thomas Awdeley, a Knight and Serjeant at the

Commen Lawe, made a goodlie proposition to the Kinges Grace

for the assembly and cause of the said Perliament, which contynewed

half an hower large ; b that donne, the Kinge and his lordes putt of

their robes, and so rode to Yorke Place c to dynner in order as they

went to Westminster, and so finished for that dale.

Also, the 9th daie of June, being Fridaie, the Convocation of
the Spirituall Lordes d beganne at Panics in London, the Bishopp
of London singing the masse of the Holie Ghost; after masse, the
Bishopp of Worcester e made a sermon afore the bishopps in
Latten.

Also, the Twesdaie in Whitson weeke f last past, the Queenes
brother, Sir Edwarde Seymor, was created and made Viscounte
Beochamps,s and that weeke Sir Walter Hongerforde, of Hates-
burie, h in Wilshire, was made Lord Hungerforde also.

Item, on Corpus Christi daie i the Kinge and the Queene rode

* Audley, writing to Cromwell in 1533, says, " Lothe I am to move for eny thynge
if a litel necessite compelled me not; whiche necessite hath, growen by the great
charges that I had before I had the Scale, by reson that I was Serjeaunt at the
Kynge s Grace commandment, [which] cost me 400 markes." State Papers, vol. i.
part 2, p. 389.

b His speech is printed in Latin in the Journals of the Lords, vol. i. p. 84.

c Wolsey s palace at Whitehall.

d It was in this session of Convocation that the two religious parties openly
divided, the one to promote, and the other to oppose, the Eeformation. Cranmer
was at the head of the former, being supported by Goodrich, Bishop of Ely, Shaxton
of Sarum, Latimer of Worcester, Fox of Hereford, Hilsey of Kochester, and Barlow
of St. David s. Lee, Archbishop of York, was leader of the latter, and with him
were Stokesley, Bishop of London, Tonstal of Durham, Gardiner of Winchester,
Longland of Lincoln, Sherburn of Chichester, Nix of Norwich, and Kite of
Carlisle.

e Hugh Latimer, consecrated September, 1535. f June 6th, 1536.

g Viscount Beauchamp, of Hache, co. Somerset.

h Heytesbury, on the river Wiley, near Salisbury Plain. It was once the
residence of Queen Maud, and passed through the Burghershs and Badlesmeres to
the Hungerfords.

1 The Thursday after Trinity Sunday, being June 15th.

48 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. from Yorke Place to Westminstre Abbay, with all his lordes,
spiritual! and temporall, riding afore him, and the Queene following
next after him, with her ladies ryding next after her; and when
they were comen into the abbay their they went into procession;
first, all the abbottes quire following after the crosse in rich copes
of cloath ofgoul.de, the abbott himself following with his miter; then
all the Kinges chappell in rich copes of cloath of gould ; after them
followed all the abbottes, being Lordes of the Perliamente, in their
habettes, without copes; after them all the bibhopps in their
habettes, without copes; then the tow Archbishopps of Canterberie
and Yorke in their habettes, without copes, with the crosses afore
them ; then followed the Bishopp of Chichester, a being also Deane
of the Kinges Chappell, in a rich cope and mytred, bearing the
sacrament of the alter, the sub-deane bearing it with him also,
under a rich cannopie of cloath of gold, fower of the gromes of the
Privie Chamber bearing the cannopie, and fower other gromes of
the Privie Chamber bearing fower staffe torches; then followed the
King, the Earle of Sussex bearing the swerde, the Duke of Norfolke
bearinge the golden staffe as Marshall of Englande, and my Lorde
Chauncelor with the Kinges Great Seale borne before him, the
cheiffe peeres of the realme following the Kinge ; then the Queene,
my Ladie Marie b Duglas bearing up the traine of her gowne ; then
followed the ladies and the Queenes maides, and after them followed
all the lordes in their degrees; and then hie masse beganne, the
King kneeling in his traveise at the alters end, and the Queene in
another travers against him, and at the offitarie they offred booth ;
masse being donne, they rode to Yorke Place againe in the same
order they went from thence, which was a goodlie sight.

* Eichard Sampson, LL.D. of Trinity Hall, Cambridge, recently consecrated
Bishop of Chichester, upon the resignation of Robert Sherburn, to whom was
reserved a pension of 400. See Rymer s Foedera, xiv. p. 570.

b Probably a mistake for Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald sixth Earl of
Angus and Margaret Queen Dowager of Scots; she was therefore niece to King
Henry VIII.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 49

This yeare, on Sanct Peters daie, a after Midsommer, was a great A.D. 1536.
triunmphe on the Thames before Yorke Place afore the King and
Queene, for their was a great boote made like a caricke, b goodlie
trymmed with targattes and ordinance and full of men of armes, and
also their was three other bootes made like foistes, c which warred
against the carick, and so shott great peeces of ordinance one
against another by the space of tow howers long; and the foystes
fell abording of the caricke, and in bording it a gentleman, d a
servant of Sir Henrie Knevettes, fell betwene the caricke and the
foyst that he was in, and so was drowned; also a gonne brake in
one of the foistes and brake a great peece of the syde of the same,
so that the said foist sanke, but the men that were in her were
saved, for it was a lowe water, and divers other persons were hurt
with gonnes, and so the King caused them to leave fighting; their
dartes and morris pikes were stuffed at the endes with woll and
leather, and their swordes were made of woode; and then was
justing at the tilte before the said Yorke Place on the lande, where
were divers speares broken of divers yonge lordes and squires,
which was a goodlie sight to beholde; the King and the Queene
standing in the gatehowse beholding them.

Item, this yeare, in Trinitie terme, the Soundaie after Corpus
Christi daie, e the Erie of Wilshire, Sir Thomas Bolleine, father to
Queene Anne, delivered the Kinges Privie Scale, wherof he was
Gustos, into the Kinges handes; and after Sainct Peeters daie, f at
Midsommer, Mr. Thomas Crumwell, Secretarie to the Kinges Grace
and Master of the Rolls, had the Privie Scale delivered to him, to
be Lorde and Gustos therof, and Mr. Christopher Hales, being then
the Kinges Atturney in the Law, was made Master of the Rolls,

a June 29th.

b A carac was a large ship of burden, like a galleon.

c A foist was a light and fast-sailing vessel.

d " One Gates, gentleman." Stow.

e June 18th.

f June 29th.

CAMD. SOC. H

50 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. and another was made the Kinges Atturney, named Mr. Baker, a

sometyme Recorder of London.

3 marriages This yeare, the 3 daye of July, beinge Mondaye, was a greate
Rutland s solempnytie of marriage kept at the nonnerye of Halywell, b besyde
house at Haly- London, in the Erie of Ruttlandes place, where the Erie of
wh . Oxfordes sonne and heyer, called Lord Bulbeke, c maryed the Erie

the King came of Westmorelandes eldest daughter, named Ladye Dorytye, and the
HoTseln? 6 Erle of Westmorelandes sonne and heyre, called Lord Nevell, d
maske. maryed the Erie of Ruttlandes eldyste daughter, named Ladye

Anne, and the Erie of Rutlandes sonne and heire, called Lord
Roosse, 6 maryed the Erie of Westmorelandes daughter, named
Ladye Margaret; and all these three lordes were maryed at one
masse, goinge to churche all 3 together on by another, and the
ladyes, there wyfes, followinge one after another, everye one of the
younge ladyes havinge 2 younge lordes goinge one everye syde of
them when they went to church, and a younge ladye bearinge up
everye of their gowne traynes; at which maryage was present all
the greate estates of the realme, both lordes and ladyes; the Lorde
Chaunseler of England and the Duke of Norfolke leadinge the
Lorde Bulbekes wyffe home from the church, the Duke of Suffolke
and the Lord Marques of Dorset leedinge the Lord Nevelles wyffe,
and the Erie of Derby e and the Erie of Surrey ledinge the Lord
Roosse wyffe; and after masse there was a greate dynner, and
diverse greate dishes and delicate meates with sotteltes, and diverse
manner of instrumentes playinge at the same, which were to longe
to expresse ; and after dynner the Kinges grace came theder in a

John Baker, knighted in 1540, and made Chancellor of the Exchequer for life.

b St. John the Baptist s Benedictine nunnery at Holywell, in the parish of St.
Leonard, Shoreditch.

c John de Vere, son of Sir John de Vere, Earl of Oxford, and Baron Bulbeck or
Bolebec, which latter title was inherited by the De Veres from Isabel, sole daughter
and heiress of Walter de Bolebec, married to Robert de Vere, Earl of Oxford, in the
reign of Henry II.

d Henry, son of Ralph Nevill, Baron Nevill of Raby, and Earl of Westmoreland.

e Henry, son of Thomas Manners, Baron Roos of Hamlake, and Earl of Rutland.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 51

maske, rydynge from Yorke Place, with 11 more with him, wherof A - D - 1536.
the Kinge and 7 more with him ware garmentes after the Turkes
fashion, richlye embrodred with gold, with Turkes hattes of blake
velwett and whyte feethers on there heades and vysars on their
faces, and 4 other ware arayed in purple sarcenett, lyke Turkes,
which were as their pages, and so they daunsed with the ladyes a
good while ; and then the Kinge putt of his visar and shewyd
himselfe ; and then the Kinge had a greate bankett of 40 dyshes,
wherin was diverse sotteltes and meates, which was a goodlye sight
to behold. The bankett endyd, the Kinge with his companye
departed thense, and rode agayne to Yorke Place in their maskinge
garmentes as they came thether.

This yeare, on Reliques Soundaye, beinge the 9 daye of Julye,
the Lord Fyzt-Waren a was created Erie of Bathe at Yorke Place
by Westmynster, and the morrowe after Mr. Thomas Cromwell
was made Lord Cromewell by the Kinges letter patent under the
Kinges brode scale ; and the Thursdaye afore Reliques Sondaye b
the Ladye Marye, daughter to the Kinge by Queene Katheryn,
was brought rydinge from Hunsedonne c secretly in the nyght to
Hacknaye, and [that] after-none the Kinge and the Queene came
theder, and there the Kinge spake with his deare and wel beloved
daughter Marye, which had not spoken with the Kinge her father
in five yere afore, and there she remayned with the Kynge
tyll Frydaye at nyght, and then she roode to Hunsdane agayne
secretelye. d

Alsoe on Twesdaye, the 18 daye of Julye, the Parlyament brake
upp and was cleane dyssolved; at afternone the Kinge and all his
lordes syttinge in there Parlyament robes, and alsoe the French

* John Bourchier, Baron Fitz-Warine.

b July 6th.

c Mary s known affection for her mother, and attachment to the old discipline of
the Church, had caused her seclusion at Hunsdon, in Hertfordshire.

d This interview of the Princess Mary followed close upon her letter of submission
and her confession. See " State Papers," vol. i. part ii. pp. 457-9.

52

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. Ambassadors were brought into the Parlyament Chamber to see the

order and manner there, which the Kinges Grace himselfe dyd

declare to the sayd Ambassadors in Frenche; also Mr. Thomas

Cromewell, otherwise called Lord Crumwell, Lord Prevaye Seale,

and Secretarye to the Kinge, was made Knight there in the Parlia

ment Chamber, and one Mr. Pawlet also; also Mr. Secretorye,

Mr. Secretarie Lord Prevaye Seale, was made Highe Vycar a over the Spiritualtye

Vicar over the under the Kinge, and satt diverse tymes in the Convocation howse

Spmtualtie. amO nge the byshopps as headd over them.

Also, the twentith daie of Julie, the Convocation brooke upp at

Poules and was dissolved, where the Lord Crumwell was present

An Acte of as the Kinges Vicar, and their caused all the bishopps, abbottes,

ofThTs^irit- an( ^ a ^ ot ^ ier f the cleargie, being of the Convocation, to subscribe

ualtie. their names to an Act made their, which is this : b That if the

Kinges Grace or his deputie be cited at any tyme heareafter by

the Emperoure or Bishopp of Rome to appeare at any Generall

Counsell c kept by them at any place whatsoeaver it shall be kept;

that the King is not bounde to appeare, nor non other of this realme

for him, because this realme is a whole monarchic and an emperiall

sea of itself, and hath power to make lawes and reforme them booth

concerning faith and all other lawes, the King heere and our

Emperour d being the onelie supream heade of the Holie Catholike

Church of Englande next ymediatlie under God, and his clergie

and Convocation of this realme are utterlie to disanull all the

a Cromwell was made Vicar-General, having previously been styled Vicegerent in
Ecclesiastical Causes, to which office he was appointed in 1534. In right of his
office of Vicar-General he sat in Convocation above the Archbishop of Canterbury.
-See Burnet, vol. iii. pp. 123, 402.

b This document is printed in " State Papers, Henry VIII." vol. i. p. 543.

c Henry having appealed from the Pope to a General Council, the Pope, in concert
with the Emperor, summoned one to meet at Mantua, before which Henry was cited
to appear, but declined to do so by the advice of Convocation.

d Henry VIII. aspired to the Holy Roman Empire, for which he was a candidate
in 1519, and assumed the style of " Majesty " in 1527, but I cannot find that he was
ever called Emperor.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 53

Bishopp of Romes auctoritie and lawes, saving fower Generall A.D. 1536.
Councells a which were kept at Mycenge, b &c., as by a booke of
the same it shall appeare, which the whole cleargie of this realme
as recognised the same.

Also the twentith tow daie of Julie, Henrie, c Duke of Somersett Death of the
and Richmonde, and Earle of Northampton/ and a base sonne of m onde the K
our soveraigne King Henrie the Eight, borne of my Ladie Taylebuse, King s base
that tyme called Elizabeth Blunt, 6 departed out of this transitorie
lief at the Kinges place in Sainct James, within the Kinges Parke
at Westminster. It was thought that he was privelie poysoned by
the meanes of Queene Anne and her brother Lord Rotchford, for he
pined inwardlie in his bodie long before he died ; f God knoweth the
truth therof ; he was a goodlie yong lord, and a toward in many
qualities and feates, and was maried to the Duke of Norfolkes
daughter named Ladie Marie,^ and her mother was daughter to

a The first four General Councils. See " State Papers, Henry VIII." vol. i.
p. 543.

* ^

b A mistake for Nicsenum, or Nice, in Bithynia, where the first General Council
by Constantine was held in 325.

c Henry, surnamed FitzRoy, when six years old was made Knight of the Garter,
and created Duke of Richmond and Somerset, June 18th, 1525. So great was his
father s affection for him, that, on July 26th following, he was constituted Admiral
of England, and, two years after, made Warden of the Marches towards Scotland.
The Lieutenancy of Ireland was subsequently granted to him by patent, but, on
account of his minority, Sir William Skeffington was constituted his deputy. It
has been suggested that Henry procured the Act of Parliament empowering him to
bequeath his crown, in order that he might settle it upon young Henry in the event of
his having no male issue by Jane Seymour. See Heylin, Hist, of the Reformation, p. 6.

d Nottingham, as correctly given in Stow.

e Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Blount, knt. and widow of Gilbert, Lord
Talboys, famous for her beauty and accomplishments. She remarried Edward
Clinton, first Earl of Lincoln, to whom she was first wife.

f It is curious that, only a few weeks before his death, Henry FitzRoy is related
by our Chronicler to have been present at the execution of his father s wife, Anne
Boleyn. See p. 41.

% Daughter of Thomas Howard, third Duke of Norfolk, and sister of the
celebrated Henry, Earl of Surrey, who was the constant attendant on Prince
Henry.

54 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. the last Duke of Buckhingame ; a but the said yonge duke had neaver
layne by his wife, and so she is maide, wife, and now a widowe; I
praie God send her now good fortune ; and he was buried at Thetforde
in the countie of Norfolke.

Also, in this moneth of Julie, the Lord Thomas Haward,
yongest brother to the Duke of Norfolke, was sent to the Tower
of London for making a privie contracte of matrimonie betweene
the Ladie Margarett Duglas and him, which ladie is daughter to
the Queene of Scottes b by the Earle of Anguishe, and neece to the
Kinge; and the said Lord Thomas was atteynted by the hoole
Perliament for the said contracte, as shall appeare by an Act of
Perliament made for the same ; c and also the Ladie Margarett
Duglas was comitted after to the Tower of London, also for the sarne. d
This yeare, in August, the scisme, seased heere in Englande, of
the diversitie of preachers for the King, sent a booke of certaine
Articles concerning the articles of our faith and other ceremonies of
the Church, 6 the which the bishopps of this realme should cause to
be declared in their dioces[es] ; and also another bill for the abro
gation of certaine holie daies falling in harvest tyme and the Terme

a Edward Stafford, beheaded on Tower Hill in 1521, having incurred the
displeasure of Henry VIII. who was already jealous of his descent from Thomas of
Woodstock and Edward III., his mother, the late Duchess of Buckingham, being
sister of Queen Elizabeth and aunt of Edward V.

b Margaret, daughter of Henry VII., after the death of James IV. of Scotland at
Elodden Field, married Douglas, Earl of Angus.

c 28 Hen. VIII. cap. xviii. By which it was made high treason to espouse or
marry, without the King s licence under the Great Seal first obtained, any of the
King s children, his sisters or aunts, or their children, being the King s nieces and
nephews.

d She was liberated in the year following, upon the death of her lover in the
Tower.

e Convocation agreed upon certain articles, which were digested in form of
constitutions denning the doctrine and ceremonies to be observed in the Church.
These constitutions being presented to the King, he made various alterations in them
with his own hand, and then caused them to be signed by Cromwell, Cranmer,
seventeen bishops, forty abbots and priors, and fifty archdeacons and proctors of the
Lower House of Convocation.

WEIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 55

tyme, the which the King, as supreame head of the Church, with A.D. 1536.
his prelates and cleargie of this real me, had assented and consented,
in their convocation, to be observed and kept from thencefourth
through all this realme of Englande, as by the said Act more planelie
shall appeared

Also, in the beginning of September, Sir Thomas Crumwell,

Lord Crumwell, Keeper of the Privie Seale of our soveraigne lorde

the Kinge, Vicegerent to the same of all his jurisdiction eccle-

siasticall, visiting, by the Kinges supreame aucthoritie ecclesiasticall, b

the people and cleargie of this realme of Englande, sent out, under

the Kinges Spirituall Seale, certaine Injunctions c to the prelates

and cleargie of this realme, for a good and vertuous order to be

kept and had of the said cleargie, and declaring by the said

Injunctions how the curates should preach and teatch their

parishiones the " Pater noster," " Avee," and " Creede," the Com-

mandementes of God, and the Articlees of the Faith in our maternall

English tonge, d with other certaine Injunctions for and concerning

the vertuous living of the said cleargie, in geving good ensample to

their parishioners, under a certaine paine lymitted for the same for

the said cleargie that doe breake the same.

Also the coronation of the Queene, which should have bene the
Soundaie before Allhalowen daie, e was putt of because of death

B By the eighth article of these constitutions it was enacted that saints might be
prayed to for their intercession, so that it were done without superstition, and that
the days set apart for their memories were to be observed, power being reserved to
the King to lessen their number.

b This was the first act of pure supremacy done by the King, for in all that went
before he had acted with the concurrence of Convocation.

c These Injunctions (which have been printed by the University of Oxford) only
enforced the orders for ecclesiastical discipline previously ordained by several synods,
but were extremely unpalatable to the clergy, who asserted that they were going to
be enslaved by the Vicegerent much more than they had ever been by the Pope.

d Henry ordered the Scriptures in English to be distributed, a copy for every
parish church, and that the clergy should expound the Church creeds in English.

e The 29th October. The intended coronation of Queen Jane is thus mentioned
in a letter of Sir Ralph Sadleyr to Cromwell, of the 27th September, preserved in
the Public Record Office: "After souper his Grace [Henry VIII.] retourned into

56 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536. that was in London, and also the Tearme was retorned till the
morrowe after All Sainctes daie. a

This yeare, also, in the beginning of October, at assise for the
Kinges subsidie kept in Lyncolneshire, the people made an in-
surrection, b and made of them tow captaines, c the one being a
monke and the other a shoomaker, d and so increased to the number
of twentie tow thousand persons or more; and they tooke divers
lordes and gentlemen of the countrey, and caused theim to be
sworne to them upon certaine articles which they had devised,
which; as they said, was for the Commonwelth of England; 6 and
such as wold not be sworne to them they kept them as prisoners;
and they beheaded a chaplaine of the Bishopp of Lyncolne, f which
was his chaunceler, insomuch as the King was faine to prepare an
armie against theme, and sent the Duke of SuiFolke, the Earle of
Shrewesberie, and the Earle of Rutlande against them, with an
host of men; and also sent an harold of armes to them, declaring

his chamber, and ymedyately called me [Sadleyr] unto him, saying that he had
dygested and revolved in his brest the contentes of your letters, and perceyving how
the plague had reigned in Westminster, and in the Abbey itself, his Grace sayed
that he stode in a suspence whether it were best to put of the tyme of the coronacyon
for a season. Wherefore/ quod he, it were good that all my counsaile were
assembled here, that we might consulte and determyn uppon every thing touching
the same accordinglye. a November 2nd.

b The provocatives to this insurrection are said to have been the innovations in
religion, the harshness of the collectors in levying the fifteenths lately granted by
Parliament, the enforcement of the Statute of Uses, and the suppression of the
monastic houses, which were wont to relieve the wants of the poor.

c The two captains of the rebels here alluded to were Dr. Makerell, the Prior of
Barlings or Oxley, and one Cobbler, by some supposed to be only a synonym for the
Prior, but by others a cobbler by trade.

d From a document printed in the first volume of " State Papers " it would appear
that the real name of Captain Cobbler was Melton.

e Henry s answer to the petitions of the rebels in Lincolnshire has been preserved,
and is printed in the first volume of " State Papers."

f John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, and Chancellor of the University of Oxford,
was a very unpopular prelate.

s See Instructions for pacifying the rebellion in Lincolnshire, Harleian MSS.
Cod. 283, Art. 24.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 57

them traytors to God and the King, wherupon they, hearing of A.D. 1536.
the Kinges provision against them, submitted them to the Kingcs
mercie, a abiding such order as the Kinges pleasure should be; howbeit,
their captaines fleedd, and entised other countreies to their myndes.

Also the 9th daie of October a priest and a bocher were hanged
at Windsore for wordes speaking against the King, b the butcher
was hanged afore the Court gate, and the priest was hanged on a
tree at Windsore townes end, upon the Thames side.

This yeare also, on Sainct Edwardes daie, c at the election of the
major, the Kinges letter was sent to elect Mr. Kaffe Warren, marcer,
for major for the yeare folio winge, which was incontynent chosen
by the assente of the Commens accordinge to the Kinges mynde.

This moneth of October also their was an insurrection in Yorke-
shire, d and they made of them a captaine called Robart Aske, being
an atturney of the lawe and felowe of Graies Inne, the which people
increased to a great number, 6 and tooke the Archbishopp of Yorke
and the Lord Darcy f and caused them to be sworne to their partie, g
insomuch that the King sent the Duke of Norfolke, with an armie
of menn, and the Earle of Shrewesberie, 11 to fight with them, and

a The insurgents submitted, but did not disperse till the 30th of October.

b From Plall s Chronicle we learn the particulars of their offence: "There was a
butcher dwelling within five miles of Windsor, where the King then lay, who caused
a priest to preach that all such as took part with the Yorkshire rebels, whom he
named God s people, did fight and defend God s quarrel; and, further, the said
butcher, in selling of his meat, answered a customer who bid him a less price, Nay,
by God s soul, I had rather the good fellows of the North had it among them, and a
score more of the best I have. " c October 13th.

d This insurrection was much more dangerous than that of the Lincolnshire men,
as it was privily supported by several persons of note.

e 40,000 according to Hall, p. 822.

f Thomas, Lord D Arcy, who was forced to surrender Pontefract Castle for want *
of provisions.

K The rebels caused all who joined their party to take an oath " that they entered
into this Pilgrimage of Grace for the love of God, the preservation of the King s
person and issue, the purifying of the nobility, and the suppression of heretics," &c.

h The Earl of Shrewsbury was appointed the King s Lieutenant north of Trent,
and the Duke of Norfolk was dispatched into Yorkshire with an army of 5,000 men.
CAMD. SOC. I

58 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1636. a dale of battell was apoynted by them, which was the eaven of
Simon and Jude the Apostles, a butt, as God would, their fell such
raine b the night before they should have foughten, that they were
so wett and their artillerie that they cold not drawe their bowes
nor shoote, c wheruppon, at the request of the Duke of Norfolke, d
they desired him to sue to the Kinge for their pardon, and that
they might have their liberties as of ould tyme they were wont
to have; for they were so oppressed with taxes and putting downe
of religious howses that were wont to keepe great hospitalitie amonge
theime, that now they could have no relief nor living for theim,
their wives, -and children, in so much that they had rather die then
live in povertie, wherfore they besought the King to be mercifull
unto them ; wheruppon the Duke e rode in post to the Kinge to
Winsore to knowe his pleasure herein, and so appeased them f upon
trust to have redresse of divers thinges, according to a bill of
certaine articles 8 of Kobert Askes devisinge.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 28.

This yeare, the 12 of November, beinge Sonday, there was a priest
bore a fagott at Paules crosse standinge in his surplesse for heresie,
which priest did celebrate at his masse with ale.

a October 27th.

b This narrative is somewhat different from that given in Hall, who says, " there
fell a small rain, nothing to speak of," but that the water in the river suddenly rose,
p. 823.

c The rebels army was well appointed with captains, horse, harness, and artillery.
Hall, p. 822.

d The Duke of Norfolk, as leader of the lay Catholics, although commanding the
royal forces, was nevertheless trusted by the rebel leaders, with whom he kept up a
correspondence.

e The Duke of Norfolk was accompanied by Sir Ralph Ellerkar and Robert
Bowes, whom the rebels sent with him. Herbert, p. 206.

f The conference was held at Doncaster on the 6th December.

The paper presented by the Northern delegates contained ten demands, being
longer than that sent up by the men of Lincolnshire, but the chief grounds of
complaint were the same in both.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 59

Allso the 13th of November Mr. Eobarte Paginton, a mercer, was A.D. 1536.
slayne with a gunn goeinge from his howse at Soper Lane to St.
Thomas of Acres to heare masse betwene 5 and 6 of the clocke in
the morninge, and was not knowne who slewe him.

Allso the 22 th day of December, beinge Fridaye, Mr. Ralfe
Waren, Major, was presented to the King by the Recorder of
London to confirme his election for this yeare, accordinge to an oulde
statute made for the same, which the King allowed this same daye,
and allso made the saide Mr. Waren knight with his owne handes in
his great Chamber of Presence at Westminster; and after that incon
tinent the Kinges Grace, the Queens Grace, and my Ladye Marye, b
the Kinges daughter, tooke their horses at the sayde Pallase of West-
mynster accompaned with a goodlye company of lordes, ladyes,
and gentellmen, and so roode from thense throughe the Cittye of The Kin and
London to Grenwych, the mayre rydinge afore the Kinge with a ^dy^ Marye 6
mase in his hand, as his livetennante of his greate Chamber of r J&y n S e
London, with all the aldermen in their order, the Cittye of London don to Grene-
beinge caste with gravell in the streetes from Temple Barr to the wlclu
bridg-foote in Southwarke, and all the streetes richlye behanged
with riche gold and arras; the 4 orders of fryars standinge in Flett
Streete in coopes of gold with crosses and candelstickes and sensers
to sense the Kinge and Queene as they roode by them ; the
Bishopp of London, 6 the Abbott of Waltham, the Abbott of Towre
Hill, d beinge mytherd, with all Powles quier standinge at the west
doore of Powles in rich coopes sensinge the Kinge and Queene as
they passed by them, and from the north doore of Powles church
yard next Cheep to the bridge-foote, 2 preistes of everye parishe
church in London standinge in coopes with the best crosse of everye

a Robert Packington, mercer, dwelling at the sign of the Leg in Cheapside

Hall, p. 824.

b The Princess Mary having this year subscribed the articles of submission pro
pounded by Cromwell, was received into favour, and had a suitable establishment
assigned her.

c John Stokesley.

rt Of the Crutched Friars at Tower Hill.

60 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1536-7. parrishe churche and candylstickes and sensers, and all the craftes
of the cittie standinge in their best liveryes with hoodes on their
sholders, which was a goodiye sight to beholde. The cause of the
Kinges rydinge throughe London w r as because the Tames was so
frosynne that there might no bootts goe there on for yse.

A French Allsoe the 23 daye of December there was a preiste drawen from

death. 1 tne Tower of London to Tyborne, and there hanged and quartered,

for counterfettinge the Kinges signe manuell, which preiste was a

French man borne and keeper of the Kinges place att Saynt James

within the parke at Westmynster.

[A.D. 1537.] This yeare a in the beginninge of Lente the Kinge, as Supreme

A procla- Hedd of the Church of England, derected his writtes by pro-

mation to eate . . P .

white meates clamation througheout this his realme, that, whereas herringe and

other vitells was deare by the occasion of the warrs betwene the
Emperoure and the Frenche Kinge, that all manner people of this
his realme might eate egges, butter, cheese, and mylke this time of
Lente without any scrupulosytie of conscience, soe that they should
abstayne from fleshly e meates, and specyallye from synn and the
occasion therof, for that is the principall faste, as all Scripture witt-
nesyth, to the which he gave his speciall lycense by his supreme
auctorytie.

This yeare after Christmas ther was a skyrmishe at Hull in Yorke-
she[re] betwene the towne and one Halam and Frances Bygott, b
which Halam and Bygott had raysed a greate companye of rebells to
have taken the towne and so to have made a newe insurrection, but,
by the wisdome of Sir Eafe Elderkar c and the Mayre of Hull and
of the towne, the sayd Halam was takne and 60 of the rebells with
out any murder; which Halam was after hanged in chaynes and
too more with him at the sayde towne of Hull for the sayd treason,
and Frances Bygott fled, soe that he was not taken, and the Duke
of Norfolke roode theder as the Kinges lyvetenant to appease the
sayde rebells and kepe the countrye in peace.

ft The chronology at the commencement of this year is somewhat confused.
b Sir Francis Bigod or Bigote, of Yorkshire. c Sir Ralph Ellerkar.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 61

This yeare, in Aprill 1536, a certen comyssions were sente into A.D. 1537.
the weste country e in Somersett shere for to take upp corne, wher
upon the people of the countrye begann to ryse and make an
insurrection; howe be ytt by the meanes of younge Mr. Pawlett, b
and other greate men, the cheife beginners therof ware taken, and
60 of them condemned, wherof 14 persons ware hanged and
quartered, one beinge a woman, and the rest had their pardon.

This " daye," c in Februarye and March, were divers of the
rebells that made insurrections in October last past in Lyncolne
shere and Yorke shire put to death in the sayd sheres, one beinge
a gentellman of the Inner Temple in London, called Mr. Moyne,
which was hanged and quartered at Lyncolne, and an abbott also,
and diverse religious persons, hanged, d

Thys yere also, the Twesdaye after Passyon Sondaye, 6 at 10 of
the clocke at night, there was a greate thunder and lightninge at
Calys, which sett the steple of Our Ladye churche on fire in the
sayd towne; and the daye afore at Columme/ a myle from Calys,
serten persons makinge merye in a howse att night, suddenlye
appeared amonge them a spirite in lykenes of a man, and suddenlye
vanyshed awaye, carriinge a parte of the house awaye with him,
which tydinges ware broughte to London by the Lord Lyeles
sarvauntes, beinge the Kinges debytie at Calys, in Ester weeke.

This yere alsoc, the 3 daye of Februarye, 1536 [-7], the Lord
Thomas Fyzt-Garett, h sone to the [late] Lord Kyldaye, and 5 of

a Mistake for 1537.

b Thomas Poulet, younger brother of Sir William Poulet.

c Mistake for "year."

d Henry wrote to Norfolk to take severe vengeance and not to spare the monks
and clergy.

e March 20th.

f Coulogne.

& Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, was Deputy of Calais from 1533 to 1540,
and died a prisoner in the Tower in 1542.

h Thomas Fitzgerald, called Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, was tenth Earl of Kildare,
to which title he succeeded upon the death of his father, the great Earl of Kildare,
in the Tower. He was attainted in 1536, and hanged in 1537.

62 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. his uncles, ware drawen from the Tower of London to Tyborne and
there hanged, their bowells brente, and their bodyes quartered, for
treason, which sayd persons were condemned by the whole Parlya-
ment Howse, and attaynted of treason; God have mercye one their
sowles.

This yere, the 27 daye of March, Anno 1537, my Lord Chaun-
seler a sat at the Guildhall in London, where were araigned afore
him 12 of the rebells of Lincolnesheire, and that daye condemned
to deathe, and the 29 daye of March, beinge Shore Thursdaye, b the
sayde 12 persons were drawen from Newgate to Tyburne, and
there hanged and quartered, of the which persons 5 ware preistes,
one of them an abbott called Doctor Makerell, d and another the
Yicar of Loothe e in Lyncolnshire ; God pardon their sowles.

[Anno Reg. 29.] This yere, the 15 daye of Maye, 1537, and the 29 yere of the

reigne of Kinge Henry the VIII. there were araighned at West-
mynster afore the Kinges commissioners, wherof the Lord Marques
of Excester f was that daye hyest, syttinge under the clothe of
estate representinge the Kinges person, as his Highe Stuard of
England, with a greate nomber of the peeres and nobles of this
realme joyned with him in the sayde commyssion, these persons
folio winge, that is to saye, the Lord Darsey of Yorkeshire and the
Lord Hussey h of Lyncolneshire, which too lordes ware endighted
of highe treason against the Kinge, and this daye atteynted and
caste of the same treason by a jurye of their peres, wherfore they
had judgment geven them by the sayd Lord Marques, to be drawen,
hanged, and quartered, accordinge to the owld judgment of this
realme concerninge all cases of treason.

a Sir Thomas Audeley.

b The day before Good Friday.

c Five priests and seven laymen. Stow.

d Matthew Makerel, Prior of Barlings or Oxney.

e Louth.

f Henry Courtenay, Earl of Devon and Marquis of Exeter, K.G.

s Sir Thomas Darcy, a Privy Councillor, created Lord Darcy, K.G.

h Sir John Husee or Hussey, created Lord Hussey in 1534.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 63

Alsoe, the 16 daye of Maye, there were arraighned at West- A.D. 1537.
mynster afore the Kynges Commyssyoners, the Lord Chaunsler a
that daye beinge the cheiffe, these persons followinge : Sir Roberte
Constable, knight, Sir Thomas Percye, b knight, and brother to the
Erie of Northumberland, Sir Jhon Bolner, c knight, and Rafe
Bolner, his sonn and heire, Sir Francis Bygot, knight, Margrett
Ceyney, d after[wards] Ladye Bolner, by untrue matrymonye, George
Lomeley, esquier, Robert Aske, gentleman, that was captayne
in the [insurrection of the northen men, and one Hamerton, 6
esquier, all which persons were endighted of highe treason agaynste
the Kinge, and that daye condemned by a jurye of knightes and
esquires for the same, whereupon they had sentence to be drawen,
hanged, and quartered; but Rafe Bolner, the sonne of John Bolner,
was reprived and had noe sentence.

Alsoe, the 17 daye of Maye, were arrayned at Westmynster
these persons followinge: Doctor Cokerell, prieste and chanon,
John Pykeringe, layman, the Abbot of Gervase/ and an Abbott
condam of Fountens/ of the order of pyed monkes, the Prior of
Bridlington, 11 chanon, Docter John Pykeringe, fryer of the order of
prechers, and Nicholas Tempeste, esquire, all which persons were that
daye condemned of highe treason, and had judgment for the same.

And, the 25 daye of Maye, beinge the Frydaye in Whytsonweke, Rebells putt to
Sir John Bolner, Sir Stephen Hamerton, knightes, were hanged and
heddyd, Nicholas Tempeste, esquier, Docter Cokerell, preiste,
Abbott condam x of Fountens, and Docter Pykeringe, fryer, ware

a Sir Thomas Audeley.

b Sir Thomas Percy, second son of the fifth Earl of Northumberland, and brother
to Henry Algernon, sixth Earl.
c Sir John Bulmer.

d Margaret Cheyney, otherwise Lady Bulmer.
e Sir Stephen Hamelton.

f Adam Sodbury, Abbot of Jervaulx, in Yorkshire. Stow.
s William Thurst, quondam Abbot of Fountains. Stow.
h William Wood, Prior of Bridlington. Stow.
1 William Thurst, quondam Abbot of Fountains.

64

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537.

Margarett
Cheny burnt.

A solemnitie
at Powles.

drawen from the Towre of London to Tyburne, and ther hanged,
boweld, and quartered, and their hedes sett one London Bridge and
diverse gates in London.

And the same daye Margaret Cheyney, " other wife to Bolmer
called," a was drawen after them from the Tower of London into
Smythfyld, and there brente, accordinge to hir judgment, God
pardon her sowle, beinge the Frydaye in Whytson weeke; she was
a very fayre creature and a bewtyfull.

Alsoe, the 27 daye of Maye, 1537, being Trynytie Sondaye,
there was Te Deum sounge in Powles for joye of the Queenes
quickninge of childe, my Lord Chaunseler, Lord Privaye Seale,
with diverse other lordes and bishopps, beinge then present; the
mayre and aldermen with the beste craftes of the Cyttye beinge
there in their lyveryes, all gevinge laude and prayse to God for
joye of the same ; wher the Bishopp of Worcester, called Docter
Latymer, made an oration afore all the Lordes and Commons,
after Te Deum was songe, shewinge the cause of their assemblye,
which oration was mervelouse fruitefull to the hearers; and alsoe
the same night was diverse greate fyers made in London, and a
hogeshed of wine at everye fyer for poore people to drinke as longe
as yt woulde laste ; I praye Jesue, and it be his will, send us a

prince.

The second daie of June, being Saterdaie after Trinitie Soundaie,
this yeare Sir Thomas Percey, knight, and brother to the Earle of
Northumberland, was drawen from the Tower of London to Tiburne,
and their hanged and beheaded, and Sir Frances Bigott, knight,
Georg Lomeley, esquire, sonne to the Lord Lomeley, b the Abbott
of Gervase, c and the Prior of Bridlington, were drawen from the

* This should no doubt be otherwise called Lady Bulmer." Stow says other
wise Lady Bulmer." Hall gives the explanation, " Sir John Bulmer and his wife,
which some reported was not his wife, but his paramour," fol. 232.

b By the attainder of George Lumley the barony became extinct upon the death of
his father, but was restored in 1547 by Act of Parliament in favour of his son

John.

c Jervaulx or Joreval.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 65

said place to Tiburne, and their hanged and quartered, according A.D. 1537.
to their judgmente, and their heades sett on London Bridge and
other gates of London ; Sir Thomas Percies "bodie was buried at
the Crossed Friers a besides the Tower of London.

This yeare, the twentie eight daie of June, and the eaven of
Sainct Peter and Paule, the Lorde Hussey, Sir Robert Constable,
and Robert Aske, were caried on horsebacke from the Tower of
London into their countries, and their to suffer execution of death
according to their judgment.

This yeare, the 30th daie of June, the Lord Darcye was beheaded
at the Tower Hill, and his head sett on London Bridge, and his
bodie buried at the Crossed Friars beside the Tower of London.

Also the Lord Hussey was beheaded at Lyncolne, and Sir Robert
Constable was hanged at Hull in Yorkeshire in chaines. Aske was
hanged in the cittie of Yorke in chaines till he died.

This yeare, on Soundaie the 26th daie of August, the Lord
Crumwell was made Knight of the Garter and stalled at Wyndsore.

Also this yeare, after Trinitie terme, the sinode of the bishopps
and cleargie of this realme brooke upp, which had contynued from
Februarie hitherto, for an union and reformation of the Church of
Englande, as by a booke of the articles now had in printe h more
planelie appeares.

This yeare, the llth daie of October, Anno 1537, and the 29th
yeare of the raigne of King Henrie the Eight, being Thursdaie,
their was a solempne generall procession in London, with all the
orders of friars, preistes, and clarkes going all in copes, the major
and aldermen, with all the craftes of the cittie, following in their

" In the Priory of the Crouched Friars, situated in Savage Garden, on Tower
Hill, now Crutchedfriars.

b The publication of the Ten Articles occasioned great variety of censures, the
Reformers being scandalised by the determination concerning auricular confession
and the real presence, and the Roman Catholics thrown into unspeakable conster
nation by the rejection of the fundamental articles of their creed, so long since
determined, the Papal authority abolished, and the existence of purgatory called in
question.

CAMD. SOC. K

66 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. liveries, which was donne to pray for the Queene that was then in
labour of chielde. And the morrowe after, being Fridaie and the
eaven of Sainct Edward, a sometime King of Englande, at tow of
the elocke in the morninge the Queene [was] delivered of a man
chielde b at Hampton Court beside Kingston. And the same daie,
at eight of the elocke in the morning, Te Deum was songe in everie
parish church throughout London, with all the bells ringing in
everie church, and great fiars made in everie streete; and at 9 of.
the elocke their was assembled at Poules all the orders of friars,
monkes, channons, priestes, and clarkes about London, standing
all about Paules in rich copes, with the best crosses and candlestickes
of everie parrishe church in London; the Bishopp of London, the
Bishopp of Chichestre, Deane of Poules, and the Abbott of West
minster being mitred, the said Bishopp and Deane of Paules making
a collation to the people at the quire dore of Poules, the French
Kinges embassadour being present, the Lord Chauncelor of Englande,
the Lord Privie Scale, the Lorde Marques Dorsett, with all the
judges and serjeantes of the lawe ; the Major of London, with the
orderman [aldermen] and sherives, with all the craftes of London,
standing in their liveries : and after the said collation Poules quire
song an attempne d of the Trinitie, with Te Deum, and the 9th
responde of the Trinitie, with the colect of the same. Then the

* October 12th. Circular letters, in the Queen s name and under her signet, were
prepared, announcing the birth of Prince Edward. One of them, addressed to the
Lord Privy Seal, and dated on that day at Hampton Court, is now in the British
Museum, Nero, C. x. leaf 7.

b The story of Edward s being brought into the world by surgical art, and at the
sacrifice of his mother s life, seems to have been invented by Nicolas Sanders, the
Jesuit, from whom it w r as borrowed by Sir John Hayward, and adopted in his life
of Edward VI. See Kennett s Hist. Engl. vol. ii. p. 273. From this source it found
its way into various historical books. The error apparently originated through the
Queen s death having been assigned to the 14th, only two days after her delivery,
instead of to the 24th. See p. 69 of this Chronicle.

c As the King had caused his two daughters by his former marriages to be
declared illegitimate, nothing could be more acceptable than the birth of a son
which put the succession of the Crown out of all dispute. d Anthem.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 67

Kinges waites and the waites of London plaied with the shalmes ; A - D - 1537>
and after that a great peale of gonnes were shott at the Tower of
London, all which solempnitie was donne to give laude and prayse
to God for joy of our prince.

Also, the same night, at five of the clocke, their was new fiers
made in everie streete and lane, people sitting at them banquetting
with fruites and wyne, the shalmes and waites playing in Cheepe-
side, and hogsheaddes of wyne sett in divers places of the Cittie
for poore people to drinke as long as they listed; the major and
aldermen riding about the cittie thancking the people, and praying
them to give laude and praise to God for our prince; also- their
was shott at the Tower that night above tow thousand gonns, and
all the bells ringing in everie parish church till it was tenne at the
clocke at night; also the marchantes of the Styliard made great
fiers, and brent a hundred staffe torches at their place, and gave a
hogeshed of wyne to poore people, and tow barrells of beare also.

This yeare, on Sainct Edwardes daie, a at the election of the
maire, the Kinges letter was sent to electe and chose Mr. Richard
Gressame, b mercer, for maire for the yeare following, which was
donne at the Kinges commandment ; howbeit the Commens grudged,
because he had bene alderman but one yeare; for that tyme they
would have had Mr. Holes/ which had beene put of three yeares
by the Kinges letter.

This yeare, the 25th d daie of October, being Moundaie, the
Prince was christened in the Kinges chappell at Hampton Court,
the Archbishopp of Canterberie and the Duke of Norfolke god
fathers at the font, and my Ladie Maries grace, the Kinges
daughter by Queene Katherin, godmother, 6 and the Duke of
SufFolke, godfather at the confirmation, the Princes name being

a October 13th.

b Father of Sir Thomas Gresham.

c Afterwards Sir William Holies, chosen Lord Mayor in 1539.
d Evidently a clerical error for the 15th, which was Monday, whereas the 25th
would have been Thursday.

It is curious to note the incongruity of the sponsors : these were Archbishop

68 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. Edwarde, proclaymed after his cliristning by the King of Haroldes, a
" Edward, sonne and heire to the King of Englande, Duke of
Cornewall, and Earle of Chester." The goodlie solempnitie of the
lordes and ladies done at the christning was a goodlie sight to
behoulde, everie one after their office and degree; the Ladie
Elizabeth, the Kinges daughter, bearing the chrisome on her
breast, the Viscoumpt Beawchampe, brother to the Queene, b bearing
her in his armes, the Earle of Essex bearing the salte, the Ladie
Marques of Exceter bearing the Prince to the church and home
againe, the Duke of Norfolke staying his head, as she bare him,
and the Duke of SufFolke at his feete.

Also, on Saint Lukes daie, c being Thursdaie, the Prince was
proclaymed at the court (i Edward, sonne and heire to King Henrie
the Eight, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornewall, and Earle of
Chester ." d Also the King made that daie tow earles and six
knightes, that is to saie : Mr. Fittes Williams, Lord Admirall and
Vice-Treasorer, was made Earle of Hampton/ and the Queenes
brother. Viscount Beawchamp, was made Earle of Hertforde/ and

Cranmer, the head of the Protestant Reformers, the Duke of Norfolk, leader of the
lay Catholics, and the Princess Mary, a bigoted Catholic, who had been bastardised
by her father.

a Thomas Hawley, Clarencieux King-at-Arms.

b Edward Seymour, elder brother of Queen Jane, and so brother-in-law of Henry
VIII. was created Viscount Beauchamp, of Hache, co. Somerset, 5th June, 1536.
He was lineally descended from Sir Roger Seymour (temp. Edward III.) who married
Cicely, sister and eldest coheir of John de Beauchamp, last Baron Beauchamp.

c October 18th.

tl This passage would seem to countenance the common account that the infant
prince was almost immediately invested with these titles, whereas he himself tells us
in his journal that he was only about to be created so when his father died, in which
he is confirmed by Burnet, who says that Edward was called Prince of Wales, as the
heirs to this crown are, yet he was not invested with that dignity by a formal
creation.

c William Eitzwilliam, descended from the ancestor of the present Earl Eitz-
william, was created Earl of Southampton, October 18th, 1537.

f By which title he is known until the accession, in 1547, of his nephew Edward
VI. when he was created Duke of Somerset, and was made Lord Protector of the
Kingdom.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 69

Mr. Powlett was made Vice-Treasorer, a and Sir John Russell, A.D. 1537.
Controler of the Kinges howse, Mr. Henage, b Mr. Long, 6 and Mr.
Knevett of the Kinges Privie Chamber, knightes, and Mr. Coffin,
and Mr. Listre, d knightes, and Mr. Semer, 6 the Queenes brother,
knight.

Also, the 19th daie of October, their was a solempne generall A solemne
procession in London, with all the orders of friars and chanons, the cession
monkes of Towre Hill, with all the priestes and clarkes of everie
church in London, with Powles quire, and the best crosse of everie
parish in London, with the baner for the same borne in the same
procession, all the friars, monkes, canons, priestes, and clarkes,
going in their best copes of everie church, the Bishop of London
following Powles quire with his mitre, the major and aldermen,
with all the craftes of the citie following in their lyveries, which
procession was donne for the preservation and welfare of the Prince
and the health of the Queene/

This yeare, the 14 of October, beinge Weddnesday,^ Queene Death of Queen

Jane.

* Sir William Poulet, Comptroller of the Household, was made Treasurer of the
Household in 1537, when the Comptrollership was conferred on Sir John Russell,
Gentleman of the Privy Chamber, who eventually became first Earl of Bedford.

b Thomas Hennage.

c Richard Long, Master of the Buckhounds.

d Richard Lyster, Chief Baron of the Exchequer.

e The Queen s younger brother, Thomas Seymour.

f The exact particulars of the Queen s illness have not been recorded, but in a
despatch to the English ambassador in France her death is distinctly ascribed to her
taking cold, and being supplied with improper diet, which accords with the account
given by Leland in his " Genethliacon Edvardi Principis Cambrias," published in
1543.

s This date has evidently been tampered with by the transcriber to make it
correspond with Stow, Hall, Godwin, and others, who assign the Queen s death to
the 14th, whereas it took place on the 24th, which was evidently correctly given by
the original writer of this Chronicle, as he makes it Wednesday, whereas the 14th
would have been Sunday. It is very remarkable that the date of an event of so
much interest at the time as the Queen s death should have been misplaced by
no less than ten days by nearly all ancient chroniclers, but the doubt as to the
correct date is set at rest by an original letter written by Sir John Russell, from
Hampton Court, to Crumwell, and dated the 24th of October, which is still extant

70 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537 J ane departed this lyfe, lyeinge in childe bedd, aboute 2 of the
clocke in the morninge, when she had reigned as the Kings wife,
beinge never crowned, one yeare and a quarter. a

HENRICI VIII. Anno. 29.

This yeare, on All Hallowe Even, b the Lord Thomas Howarde,
brother to the Duke of Northfolke, died in prison in the Tower of
London, and his bodie was caried to Thetforde, and there buried.

Allso the Ladie Margarett Duglas, that had Jyen in prison in the
Tower of London for love betwene him and her, was pardoned by
the King and sett agayne at her libertie ; howbeit, she tooke his
death very heavilie. c

The buryeinge This yeare, the 12th of November/ being Mundaye, the corps of
Queene Jane were, with great solemnitie, caried from Hampton
Cowrte in a chariott covered with black velvett, with a picture of
the sayde Queene richelye apparelled lyke a Queene, with a riche
crowne of golde on her head, lyinge above on the coffin of the
sayde corps, and so was conveyed to Wyndsore with great lightes
of torches, with a great multitude of lordes and gentlemen rydinge
all in black gownes and cotes, the Ladye Marie, the Kinges
daughter, beinge cheife mourner, with a great companye of ladies

in the Public Record Office, and reads as follows: " Sir, the King was determyned
this day to have removed to Asher, and because the Queene was very sik this
night and this day he taried, but to morrowe, God willing, he entendithe to be ther.
If she amende, he will go; and if she amende not, he tolde me this day, he could not
fynde in his harte to tary; for I ensuer you she hathe bene in grete daunger yester
night and this day, but, thankid be God, she is sumwhat amended, and, if she skape
this night, the fyshiouns be in good hope that she is past all daunger." Also
Cecil s Journal is to the same effect.

a One year and nearly five months.

b October 31st.

c In 1544 she married Matthew fourth Earl of Lennox, and became Countess of
Lennox, and mother of Darnley.

d Stow agrees with the text, which would appear to be correct, being Wednesday,
but Hall has the eighth clay of November, which was Saturday.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 71

and gentleweomen waytinge on her, and ridinge all in blacke allso; A.D. 1537.
and there, with great solemnitie, buried by the Archbishopp of
Canterburie, with a great companye of bishopps and abbotts being
there present in their mitres, with all the gentlemen and priestes
of the Kinges chappell, which rode all the way in their surplesses,
singinge the obsequie for the dead; and the morrowe after there
was a solemne masse of requiem sunge by the Archbishopp of
Canterburie; and the Bishop of Worcester, called Dr. Latimer,
made a notable sermon; and at the offertorie all the estates offered
ryche palls of clothe of golde; and after masse there was a great
feast made in the Kinges pallace at Windsore for all the estates
and other that had bene present at the same buriall.

Allso, the sayde 12th of Novembre, at afternoone, there was a
solemne herse made at Powles in London, and a solemne dirige
done there by Powles queere, the Major of London a beinge there
present with the alldermen and sheriffes, and all the major s officers
and the sheriffes sergeantes, mourninge all in blacke gownes, and all
the craftes of the cittie of London in their ly veries ; allso there was
a knyll rongen in everie parishe churche in London, from 12 of the
clocke at noone tyll six of the clocke at night, with all the bells
ringinge in everye parishe churche solemne peales^ from 3 of the
clocke tyll the knylls ceased ; and allso a solempne dirige songen in
everye parishe churche in London, and in everie churche of freeres,

a Sir Richard Gresham, who, in a letter of the 8th November to Crumwell, had
suggested that such a solemn service should be celebrated; "yt shall please you to
understand that, by the commaundement of the Ducke of Norfolke, I have cawssyd
1,200 masses to be seyde, within the cite of London, for the sowle of our moste
gracious Queene. And whereas the mayer and aldyrmen w r ith the commenors was
lattely at Powlles, and ther gave thanckes unto God for the byrthe of our prynce,
My Lorde, I doo thyncke yt, wher convenyent, that ther shulld bee allsoo at Powlles
a sollem derige and masse; and that the mayer, alldyrmen, with the commeners, to
be there, for to preye and offer for hyr Grace s sowle. My Lorde, yt shale please
you to move the Kynge s Heyghnes, and hys pleasser knowen in thys behallfve, I am
and shalebe redy to acorn ply che his mostc gracious pleasser, and yf ther be eny
allmes to be gyvyn, there ys meny power pepyll within the cite." State Papers,
vol. i. part ii. p. 574.

72 - WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1537. monkes, and chanons, about London; and, the morrowe after, a
solemne masse of requiem in all the sayde churches, with all the
bells ringinge, from 9 of the clocke in the morninge tyll noone;
allso there was a solemne masse of requiem done at Powles, and all
Powles queere offeringe at the same masse, the major, aldermen,
and sheriffes, and the wardeins of everie crafte of the cittie of
London ; and, after the sayde masse, the major and aldermen goeinge
aboute the herse sayenge " De profundis," with all the craftes of
the cittie followinge, everie one after their degrees, prayinge for
the sowle of the sayde Queene.

Death of Mr. This yeare, the 23 of November, Mr. Humphrey Mommorth,
Mo orthand ^ ra P er an( l alderman of London, died, who ordeyned by his testa-
the manner of ment and last will that he should be buried in the fore-noone,
havinge neyther herse, braunches, nor dirige at his buriall, but
onlye 6 staffe torches, and so to be buried in the churche yeard of
All Hallo wes Barkin, without anye bells ringinge or priestes
singinge, but onelye a sermon at his buriall made by Dr. Cromer, a
and after that, insteed of a Trentall, b to have 30 sermons, to be
made by the Bishopp of Worcester, Dr. Barnes, Dr. Cromer, and
Mr. Taylor, parson of St. Peeters in Cornehill, and after everie
sermon Te Deum to be songen, to give laude and praise to God for
the King that hath extinguished and putt downe the power of the
Bishop of Eome, and hath caused the worde of God to be preached
syncerlye and trulye, and that he may so proceed that we may
have the verie true knowledge of scripture as Christe taught and
left to his Apostles ; and everie priest and clerke that helpeth to
singe the same to have 2d. and the preachers to have for everie
sermon 1 3s. 4d. to be payed by his executors immediatlye after
everie sermon; and allso that his executors shall paye to the
churche where he is buried all ordinarie charges as hath bene
accustomed to be payed, as well as thoughe he had all the service

a George Cromer, Archbishop of Armagh.
An office for the dead in the Romish service, consisting of thirt}*- masses.

Hugh Latimer.

WRJOTHESLEY S CIIEONICLE. 73

used at burialls. And he ordeyned his goodes to be divided in A.D. 1537-8.
three partes, his wife to have one parte, his children the second
parte, and the third parte to be given for the health of his sowle^
whereof he gave 301. to poore howsse-holders in the warde where
he dwelled, with manye other charitable deedes, which were longe
to reherse.

This yeare, on St. Lucies Eeven. a afore Christenmas, was great A great

ii thunder at

thunder at Rome that did great hurt there, for it perished a peece Rome.
of St. Peters churche and the Popes pallace, and strake downe the
angell that stood on the toppe of the castell Angelo, b and perished a
parte of the sayde castle with fyer, and other places in Rome allso.

This yeare, the 23 th of Januarie, 1537[8], the Ladye Awdley, [A. D. 1538.]
wife to Sir Thomas Audeley, knight, and Lord Chauncellor o^-
Tngland, departed this life, being Weddensday, at 3 of the clocke
in the morninge, that day beginninge the last quarter of the moone,
the signe beinge in Scorpio the 14 th degree.

This yeare, the 29 of Januarie, was arreigned at Westminster in Aboyear-
the afternoone a boye of Mr. Culpepers, c Gentleman of the Kings ^S^Ut
Privie Chamber, which had stolne his maisters purse and III. of the gallowes.
money, with a Jewell of the Kinges which was in the same purse,
and there condemned to death ; but the morrowe after when he was
brought to the place of execution, which was at the ende of the
tylt yeard afore the Kinges Pallace at Westminster, and that the
hangman was takinge the ladder from the gallowes, the Kinge sent
his pardon for the sayde boye, and so he was saved from death, to
the great comforte of all the people there present, &c.

This yeare, the 18th of Februarie being Mundaye, there was One put to
a yonge man, servante to the Ladye Pargetour d of London, drawne ciy^pin^e of
from Newgate to Tower Hill, and there was hanged, his members gonlde.
cutt of and bowells brent afore him, and his head cutt of, and his
bodie divided in 4 peeces, which yonge man had clipped goulde to

December 12th. Eve of St. Lucy, virgin and martyr.

l) St. Angelo. c Thomas Culpepcr.

d Wife of Sir Thomas Pargitor, who was Lord Mayor in 1530.

CAMD. SOC. L

74

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. the value of 30/. ; his head was sett on London Bridge, and his
quarters at diverse gates of the cittie.

The Roode of r f his yeare, allso in Februarie, there was an image of the Crucifixe
Grace m Kent. . . .

01 Christe, which had bene used or ionge continuance ior a great

pylgremage at the Abbey of Boxley, a by Maydestone in Kent,
called the Roode of Grace, taken from thence and brought to the
Kinge at Westminstre, for certeyne idolatrie and crafte that had
bene perceaved in the sayde roode, for it was made to move the
eyes and lipps by stringes of haire, when they would shewe a miracle,
and never perceyved till now. The Archbishop of Canterburie had
searched the sayde image in his visitation, and so, at the Kinges
commaundement, was taken thence, that the people might leave
their idolatrie that had bene there used. Allso the sayde roode
was sett in the markett place first at Maydstone, and there shewed
openlye to the people the craft of movinge the eyes and lipps, that
all the people there might see the illusion that had bene used in
the sayde image by the monckes of the saide place of manye yeares
tyme out of mynde, whereby they had gotten great riches in deceav-
inge the people thinckinge that the sayde image had so moved by
the power of God, which now playnlye appeared to the contrarye.

Allso it was proclaymed in the Starre-Chamber at Westminster,
the last end of Hilarie Terme, in the presence of the Lord Chaun-
cellor and the Lordes of the Kinges Councell, with divers Justices
of the Peace of diverse shires in Englande, that the sayde justices
shoulde causse the Bible and Testament in Englishe to be had in
their shires, and see that the curates and priests should preach the
worde of God syncerelye and trulie to the people, and suffer the
people to have the Bible and Testament in Englishe, b and to

A Cistercian Abbey, founded by William d Ypres, Earl of Kent, in the middle
of the twelfth century.

b One of the books originally included in the list of proscription with the
writings of Luther and the foreign "Protestants, was the translation of the New
Testament into English by Tindal, printed at Antwerp in 1526. A complete version
of the Bible, partly by Tindal and partly by Coverdale, appeared in 1535, and a
second edition, under the name of Matthews, followed in 1537.

Proclamation
for the Bible
to be used in
Englishe.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 75

see that they accused no person of heresie, but that he should A.D. 1538.
be examined and tried afore the justices in their Sessions, and
there to make their aunsweres and trialls accordinge to the
statutes of this realm e for the same, upon payne of the Kings dis
pleasure, &c.

This yeare, the 24th daie of Februarie, beinge the Soundaie ofThelloodeof
Sexagesima and Sainct Mathias daie, the image of the roode that pouie
was at the Abbey of Bexley, a in Kent, called the Koode of Grace, and their
was brought to Poules Crosse, and their, at the sermon made by p eec es.
the Bishopp of Rochester, 15 the abuses of the graces c and engines, 4
used in old tyme in the said image, was declared, which image was
made of paper and cloutes from the legges upward ; ech legges and
armes were of timber; and so the people had bene eluded and
caused to doe great adolatrie by the said image, of long contynuance,
to the derogation of Godes honor and great blasphamie of the name
of God, as he substancially declared in his said sermon by scripture,
and also how other images in the Church, used for great pilgrimages,
hath caused great idolatrie to be used in this realme, and shewed
how he thincketh that the idolatrie will neaver be left till the said
images be taken awaie; and that the boxes that they have to gather
the devotions of the people were taken awaye first, so that they
should have nothing used to putt the charitie of the people in ; but
if their were any persons that would ofFree to such images, that the
said offring might be geaven incontynent to poore people, and
that the people, should be shewed howe they should ofFree no more
to the said images, he doubted not butt then in short tyme they
would grant that the said images might be taken awaie ; also, he
said, how he confessed a woman twentie yeares agoe in Oxford,
which woman was the miller s wief, by the Abbey of Hailes, and

a Boxley. b John Hilsey.

Probably a clerical error for vices, as in another place we read " the bishop broke
the vice."

d This rood or automaton, besides rolling its eyes and moving its lips, was so
constructed that, by means of springs or vices, it could be made to bow, and shake
its head, hands, and feet. See Herbert, p. 213, and Stow, ed. 1G31, p. 575.

76 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. how she shewed him how the abbott of the same place had given
Haiiesbuta f ker man y e Jewells that had bene offred ther at the holie bloode, a and
duckes blond, how he would have geaven her one Jewell which she knewe verie
well hanged about the said holie bloode, and said to the said abbott
that she would not have that " bloude," b because she was afraid
because it hanged by the holie bloud, and the abbott said tush !
thou art a foole, it is but a duckes bloode; and this the said bishopp
shewed that it was true, as he besought God he might be damned if
it were not so as he said ; and also how he had shewed the King and
the Counsell of the same, and that it should be knowen more openlie
afterward; also, after the sermon was done, the bishopp tooke the
said image of the roode into the pulpitt and brooke the vice of the
same, and after gave it to the people againe, and then the rude
people and boyes brake the said image in peeces, so that they left
not one peece whole.

An W( ^ an Item, this said daie, at night, being Saint Matthias daie, c one

killed herselfe. . . &

Mrs. Alen, sometime wife to Mr. Peerson, one of the clarkes of the
Counter, and afore him one Gibsons wife, a surgeon, by the
instigation of the devill cutt her throote with a knife; howbeit,
when the curatt and neighboures came in she had lief, but she could
not speake; but, when the curatt bade her cry God mercye, she
knocked on her breast with her owne hande and held upp her
handes, which was a token of contricion; but she died the same
night, and was buried at Saint Swythens parish that she dwelled in,
by London- Stone.

a Another great imposture was at Hales in Gloucestershire, where the blood of
Christ brought from Jerusalem was showed in a chrystal vial, and was said to have
this property: That if a man was in a mortal sin, and not absolved, he could not see
it. Therefore, every man that came to behold this miracle was forced to continue to
make presents till he bribed Heaven to give him the sight of so blessed a relic. This
was now discovered to be the blood of a duck renewed every week, and one side of
the vial was so thick that there was no seeing through it, but the other was trans
parent. It was so placed near the altar that anyone in a secret place behind could
turn which side he pleased outward. Lord Herbert in Kennett, vol. ii. p. 213.

b A clerical mistake for "jewel."

c February 24th.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 77

Also, the 20th dale of Februarie, their was drawen from Newgate A.D. 1538.
to Tiburne a priest, sometyme chapleyne to my Lord Beawchamp, A priest :
called Sir a John Alane, for treason, and also an Irishman of my pu tt to death.
Lord Garrattes b kynnered, c also for treason, which tow persons
were hanged, boyld, d and quartered, their heades and quarters sett
about London.

Item, on Saterdaie, the second daie of March, the image of the Sainct Saviour
roode at the Abbey of Bermonsley, called Sainct Saviour, 6 was
taken downe by the Kinges commandment.

This yeare, the 20th daie of March, being Saterdaie the second Harford,
weeke of Lent, Thomas Harford, gentleman, was drawen from {^ death fo r
Newgate to Tiburne for seditious wordes of treason against the treason.
Kinges Majestie, and also a yong man called Yewer, sometyme a
freeman of London of the Company of the Marchant Tailors, was
drawen to Tiburne for dymiriishinge the Kinges coyne, as he
confessed at the gallowes, to the value of sixteene grottes, and their
the said Harford and Yewer were hanged, their bowells brent,
headded, and quartered.

Also this yeare, in Lent, the Maire f caused divers worshipfull Gathering for

,1 r n i . ~ , . the poore at

men to gather money lor the poore people everie oounoaie at p ules everie
the sermon at Poules Crosse, tow parsons standing at everie Sounclaie -
dore to gather the devotions of the people, which said money
was distributed weeklie to them that had most neede thereof in

a Such priests as have the addition of Sir before their Christian name were men
not graduated in the Universities, being in orders but not in degrees, whilst others
entitled Masters had commenced in arts. Fuller, Church Hist.

b Lord Thomas Fitzgerald, executed in 1537.

c Kindred.

tl Clerical error for boAveled, but omitted in Stow.

An alien Cluniac priory was founded at Bermondsey, in 1082, by Aylwin Child,
citizen of London, which was erected into an abbey in 1399, and, subsequently, the
two hospitals of St. Thomas and St. Saviour were attached to it.

f Sir Richard Gresham, who in so doing acted in accordance with the new statute
37 Hen. VIII. cap. 25, made for the relief of the indigent poor. By the same statute
no alms were suffered to be given to beggars, on pain of forfeiting ten times the
value.

78

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538.
[Anno Reg. 30.]

The manage of my
Lord and Master the
Lord Chauncelor of
England.

Bishopp Latymer
preached at Ponies
Crosse, wher Friar
Forrest should have
borne a faggott,
but he refused his
pennance.

the cittie of London, and a registre kept of the same, and so to
contynewe.

This yeare, the morrowe after Easter dale, being the twentie towe
daie of Aprill, Sir Thomas Awdeley, knight, Lord Chauncelor of
Englande, was married to my Ladie Elizabeth Graie, a sister to the
Lord Marques of Dorsett now living, and daughter to the old Lord
Marques late deceased.

This yeare, the 12th daie of Maie, being the third Soundaie after
Easter, the Bishopp of Worcester, called Dr. Latymer, preached at
Poules Crosse, at whose sermon should have bene present a penitent
to have donne his penance called John Forrest, Friar Observant,
Doctor of Divinitie, latelie abjured for heresie, b the eight daie of
the said moneth of Maie, at Lambeth, before the most reverend
father in God Thomas Cranmer, Archbishopp of Canterberie, with
other, and after his said abjuration, sworne upon the Evangelistes,
to abide the injunction of the said most reverend father for his
penance; which said Friar Forrest obstinatlie and frowardlie, not
like a true penitent performing his said penance, but standing yet
stiff and proud in his malicious mynde, refused to doe; yet this daie
againe, intreated by the Deane of the Arches, called Doctor Quent ?
with other, like a good Christian to performe his pennance, he
yet notwithstanding, maliciouslie by the instigation of the devill,
refused to doe, although the said Deane opened unto him the
indignation of God and dampnation of his bodie and soule per-
petuallie, and also have a temporall death by brenning as all

a Elizabeth Grey, eldest daughter of Thomas fifth Marquis of Dorset, and sister
of Henry, who succeeded to the title in 1530.

b Forest was apprehended for that in secret confession he had declared to many of
the King s subjects that the King was not supreme head of the Church, " whereas,
before, hee had beene sworne to the Supremacie; upon this point hee was examined,
and answered that he tooke his oath with his outward man, but his inward man never
consented thereunto; then, being further accused of clivers hereticall opinions, hee
submitted himself e to the punishment of the Church; but having more libertie than
before to talke with whom he would, when his abjuration was sent him to read, hee
utterly refused it." Stow, p. 575.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 79

heretickes should have by the lawes of this realme; which said A - D - 1538 -

Friar Forrest should this daie have borne a fagott at Paules Crosse

for his pennance, and also with a lowde voyce have declared certaine

thinges by his owne month, after the said sermon enjoyned him, for

his said pennance; all which said thinges he re-fusing to doe, the

said bishopp a desiring all the awdience then present at the said

sermon to pray hartelie unto God to convert the said friar from

his said obstinacie and proude minde, that he might have grace to

turne to be a true penitent the soner by the grace of God at their

prayers, and further their declaring his said abjuration, and articles

subscribed with his owne hande, and sworne and abjured on the

same, and after sworne againe to abide such injunction and pennance

as he shoulde be enjoyned by the said court, whose articles were

theise, as the Bishopp then openlie read at the said crosse, his owne

hand subscribed to the same : First, that the Holie Catholike Church Forrestes

was the Church of Eome, and that wee ought to beeleve out of the

same. Second, that wee should beleeve on the Popes pardon for

remission of our sinnes. Thirdlie, that wee ought to beleeve and

doe as our fathers have donne aforetyme fowertene yeares past.

Fourthlie, that a priest maie turne and change the paines of hell

of a sinner, trulie penitent, contrite of his shins, by certaine pennance

enjoyned him in the paines of purgatorie; which said articles

be most abhominable heresies, blasphemie against God and the

countrey, b to Scripture, and the teaching of Christ and all his

Apostles, and to abhorr any true Christian hart to thinck.

Also the 22 th daie of Maie, being Wednesdaie this same yeare, Death of Friar
the said Friar Forrest was drawen from Newgate to the place of
execution in Smythfielde, where was a noble sermon made by the
Bishopp of Worcestre, afore writton, to have drawen the said
Friar Forrest from his opinions; but he, obstinatlie standing still and
stiffe in his opininons, and beinge asked by the said bishopp in
what state he would die, he openlie declaring their with a lowde

a Dr. Latimer of Worcester. b Evidently a clerical error for " contrary."

80 WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. voyce to the Bishopp as followeth : That if an angell should come
downe from heaven and shew him any other thing then that he
had beleeved all his liffe tyme past he would not beleeve him, and
that if his bodie should be cutt joynt after joynt or membre after
membre, brent, hanged, or what paine soever might de donne to his
bodie, he wold neaver turne from his old sect of this Bishopp of
Rome; and also seaven yeare agone he a durst not have made such
a sermon for his lief. And then after this, being a false traitor to
his Praynce, an hereticke, and a seditious person to the Kinges
leighe people, was had to the place of execution b and their hanged
about the middle in chains of iron on a paire of gallowes alive, a
great fire made under him and about him, and so was burned for
his said heresie and treason.

An image Also their was brent with him an idoll c that was brought out of

Gidarne was North Wales, which idoll was of woode like a man of armes in his
narne ^ es ? having a litle speare in his hande and a caskett of iron
about his necke hanging with a ribond, the which people of North
Walles honored as a sainct. The name of the idoll was called in
Walch Darvell Gadarn. d Present at this execution were the Duke
of Norfolke, the Duke of SufTolke, the Erie of Sussex, the Earle of
Hartford being Vicount Beawchampe, the Bishoppe of London,
with other of the Kinges Counsell, the Major 6 of London, with the
most part of the aldermen and shrives, and, as I thinke, tenne
thousand persons and more ; also the place of execution where the
gallowes and fire was made was railed round about ; and their was
a skaffold made to sett the pulpitt on where the preacher stoode,
and an other against itt where the friar stoode all the sermon tyme,

* Bishop Latimer.

b Compare this with the account of the burning of Friar Forest in Harleian MS.
530, f. 120.

c The Welshmen had a prophesy that this image should set a whole forest a fire,
which prophesie now toke effect, for it set this Frier Forest on fyre, and consumed
him to nothing. Hall, p 826.

d Usually written Darvell or David Gatheren.

6 Sir Richard Gresham.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 81

and a long skaffold next to Sainct Bartholomewes spittell gate, A - D - 1538>
where the Lordes of the Privie Counsell sate with the major and
aldermen and other gentlemen and commons of the cittie.

Allsoe the same 22 th day of Maye after midnight the image ofTheroode
the Eoode at Sainct Margrett Pattins by Towre Streate was broken
all in peeces with the house he stoode in a by certeine lewde persons, tins.
Fleminges and Englishe men, and some persons of the sayd parishe.

Allso the 27th daye of Maye, beinge the Monday in the Rogation A fyreamonge
weeke, was a great fyre in St. Margrett Pattyns parishe amonge the m ak e rs
baskett makers, where were burnt and perished in three houres above
a dossin howses and 9 persons of men, women, and children, cleane
burnt to death, which was a pyteous sight.

This year allso in Paske tearme b the Bishop of London, called Bishop of
Doctor Stookes, c was condemned in a premynere d for makinge 2 aempne<n~
brethren and a nonne at Sion by the Bishop of Eomes bulles; how- premynere.
beyt the Kinge was better to him then he deserved and graunted
him his pardon.

Allso this yere in June came over into England to the Kinges Parsons of
Grace certeine persons out of Germany to intreate of certeine actes

na

concerninge the true settinge forth of Gods worde and the good to intreat of
order of the spiritualty, of whom the head person was a temporall iigi on concern-

man beinge well learned, being Vic-chauncellor to the Duke of in g e tne spirit

ualty.
Saxon, with other, 6 the King admittinge Doctor Barnes to be of

their partie; and for the Kinges Graces partie the Archbishop of
Canterbery, the Bishop of Chichester/ Doctor Wyllson,s and 3

a "His tabernacle." Stow, ed. 1631, p. 575.

Easter Term.

c John Stockosley, Archdeacon of Dorset, and President of Magdalen Hall,
Oxford, was made Bishop of London, July 14th, 1530, and died September 8th,
1539.

d Premunire.

The German Commissioners were Francis Burgart, Vice-Chancellor of Saxony,
and George van Boyneburg and Frederick Mycon, Doctors of Laws.

f Richard Sampson, LL.D. Dean of St. Paul s.

g The King s chaplain.

CAMD. SOC. M

82

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538.

Religious
houses sup
pressed.

Monkes of
Norwich made
secular
preistes.

Certeine re
ligious men
chaunginge
theyr habits.

A laye man
preached called
Henry Daunce.

other doctors, which sate every week two or three tymes concerninge
the sayd causes of longe contyrmaunce.

Allso this yere divers religious houses of great possessions were
suppressed, as the Abbey of Battell a in Sussex, Martin Abbey , b
Stratford Abbey , c Lewys, d with other more into the Kinges handes.

Allso the Abbey of Chrystes Church, in the cyty of Norwich, was
made a cathedrall church of secular canons, lyke unto Paules in
London, the monkes of the same place chaunginge habettes into
preistes clothinge, havinge both deane and sub-deane in the same
church.

Allso this yeare in June the Kinge gave a commaundement that
noe religious persons of the suppressed houses or such other as used
to live of the charitie of the people out of theyr religious houses
should goe abroade in theyr religious habytes, whereupon divers
religious persons took secular preistes habittes, chaunginge theyr
religious coates, as Doctor Barkley of the order of Grey Fryers,
which was very loath to leave his ipochrytes coate till he was
compelled for feare of punishment.

This yeare, in June and July, a bricklayer, called Henry Daunce
fin White-Chappell parishe without Algate in London), used to
preach the worde of God in his owne house in his garden, where
he sett a tub to a tree, and therein he preached divers Sondayes,
and other dayes early in the morninge, and at 6 of the clocke at

a At the Dissolution its revenues were valued at 987Z. and the demesne still
continues an exempt deanery.

b Mcrton in Surrey. A mitred Austin abbey, founded in 1115 by Gilbert le
Norman, Sheriff of Surrey. At the Dissolution its possessions were valued at 958?.

c Stratford Langthorne in Essex, a mitred Cistercian abbey, founded in 1135 by
William de Montfitchet. At the Dissolution it was given to Sir P. Meautis by
Henry VIII. who confined the Countess of Salisbury here.

d St. Pancras Cluniac Priory was founded at Lewes, in Sussex, in 1078, by William
de Warine and his wife Gundreda, daughter of William the Conqueror. The priory,
which was the head of its order in England, covered thirty-two acres, and contained
a church, 150 feet in length, with walls ten feet thick. At the Dissolution, in 1538,
it was pulled down by Thomas Lord Crumwell, except that part called Lord s
Place, which was afterwards burnt down. The ruins of the cloisters, hall, gate,
&c. were removed in 1845 to make room for the railway station.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 83

night, and had great audience of people both spiritual! and temporall, A.D. 1538.
which sayd parson had noe learninge of his booke, neither in
Englishe nor other tongue, and yet he declared Scripture as well
as he had studyed at the Universities; but at the last the bishops
had such indignation at him, by reason the people followed him,
that they sent for him to my Lord of Canterbury, where he was
demaunded many questions, but they coulde laye nothinge to his
charge, but did inhibite him for [from] preachinge, because of the
great resorte of people that drue to his sermons.

Allso this yere, in the moneth of July, the images of Our Lady The images of
of Wallsingham and Ipswich were brought up to London, with all \y a isinghain
the jewelles that honge about them, at the Kinges commaundement, and
and divers other images, both in England and Wales,* that were London.
used for common pilgrimages, because the people should use noe
more idolatry e unto them, and they were burnt at Chelsey by my
Lord Privie Seale. b

This yeare allso at Hadley c in SufFolke, and at Stratforde in Preistes saynge
Essex, the masse and consecration of the sacrament of the aulter ^^ Q
was sayd in Englishe by the curats there divers tymes, and the
canticle of Te Deum was songe in Englishe in the City of London,
after sermons made by Doctor Barnes, by Thomas RoofFe, and other
of theyr sect, commonly called of the Papistes the newe sect; allso
preistes marry ed wives in SufFolke, but they celebrated not after
the masse, nor had noe benefices spirituall, but fell to occupations
and husbandrye to gett theyr livinge by and theyr wives. The Abbot Preistes
of Walden quondam d maryed one which was a nonne at the Mineries,
called Mistris Bures, and had continued there in religion above 16
veares.

/

a Amongst the number were those of Penrise of Islington and St. John of
Ossulston, called otherwise Mrs. John Shome, who was said to have shut up the
devil in a boot. Herbert, p. 213.

b Lord Crumwell, in addition to his other offices, was made Lord Privy Seal, 2nd
July, 1536. c Hadleigh.

d The quondam abbot of the dissolved monastery of Warden, co. Bedford, the site
of which was given to the Whitbreads.

marrie.

84 WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. This yeare, in the last ende of July, one Lancaster, an haroulde

Lancaster, an o f armes wag car yed from London to Yorke, and there drawne,
Haronld of J

armes, put to hanged, and quartered for treason, that he had confered with the
for 1 treason? 1 & northern men at the insurrection ; a which sayd Lancaster had to his

Christen name Thomas Miller, and had his bringing up with the

Duches of Buckingham departed.

One put to This yeare, the 9th day of August, one Connisbie, b a gentleman,

Tj burne for an( ^ one f the Groomes of the Kinges Chamber, was drawne from

counter- Newegate to Tyburne, and there hanged, bowelles brent, and

iettmge tne _ . -tr* i 11*

Kinges scale, quartered for treason, counteriettmge the Kinges seale, and his

head sett on London Bridge.

This yere, the 19th day of August, beinge Monday, Mr. John
Audley departed out of this world at mydnight at his place of
Hodnill, in Warwykeshire, which sayd Mr. Audley was husband to
the Duches of Buckingham, departed, and after was marry ed to
Maister Spencers wyfe, of Warwickshire, which remayned nowe
his wydowe.

The roode of Allso, this yeare, on Bartlemewe even, c the roode of the north
the north dore -n t 11 IIT^^PI 11

in Paules doore in raules was taken downe by the Dean a 01 the same church,

which was the Bishop of Chichester, by the Kinges commandement,
should be no because the people should doe noe more idolatry to the sayd image,
done to yt ly anc ^ tne image of Saint Uncomber e also in the same church.
All images of Allso all manner [of] images that were used for comon

idolatry put pilp rimacres both in England and Wales were taken downe through-
downe through r .

all England, out this realme in every shire by the Kinges commandement, that
the people should use noe more idolatrye to them.

The hangman This yere, the first daye of September, beinge Sondaye, at
of London

a Thomas Myller, Lancaster Herald, being sent into Yorkshire in 1536 to deliver
the King s proclamation to the rebels, was required to kneel before the rebel Aske
with the King s coat of arms on his back, for which degradation of his office he was
ordered to execution on his return.

b Edmond Conesby, in Stow.

c August 24th.

d Richard Sampson, Dean of St. Paul s and Bishop of Chichester.

St. Wylgefortis. See Notes and Queries, First Series, ii. p. 381.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 85

Clerkenwell, where the wrestlinge is kept, after the wrestlinge was A.D. 1538.

done, there was hanged on a payre of gallowes, newe made, in the nail ged by the

T IT* wrestlmge

same place, the hangman of London a and two more for robbmge a place at Clerk-
bouth in Bartlemewe fayre, which sayd hangman had done execution enwe11 -
in London since the Holy Mayde of Kent was hanged, and was a
conninge butcher in quarteringe of men.

And the morrowe after, beinge Monday, there was one Clifforde. b One P ut to

death for
a gentleman, drawne from isewegate to lyburne, and there hanged counterfet-

and quartered for treason, counterfettinge the Kinges privie signet, ^ ge . .
and his head set on London Bridge. signet.

This yere, in the moneth of September, the Lord Thomas Injunctions
Crumwell, Lord Privie Scale, Vicegerent to the Kinges Highnes, c O ut England

for all his jurisdiction ecclesiastical! within this realme, sent out !? r j; ^ a l? the
... . Byble in Eng-

certeine Injunctions to all bishops and curates throughout this lishe in every
realme, by the authority of the Kinge, that in every parishe church of "lithe ]
within this realme the curates should provide a booke of the bible realme.
in Englishe, of the largest volume, d to be a lidger e in the same
church for the parishioners to read on, the curate to beare the halfe
of the charge thereof, and the parishe the other halfe, f and that all

a One Cratwell. Stow. b Edward Clifford. Stow.

c Thomas Crumwell, now Lord Crumwell, was appointed Vicar-General in 1534,
and Vicegerent in Ecclesiastical Causes in 1536, in which year he also became Lord
Privy Seal.

d This order was revoked four years later. See Statute 34 Henry VIII. cap. i.

e The word lidger, ledger, or leiger, is derived from the Dutch " liggen," to lie or
remain in a place, "to be constantly there," as opposed to a temporary deposit.

f The price of Cranmer s " Great Bible " was fixed at 10*. as appears from
an original letter of Cranmer s to Crumwell, of the 14th November, 1538, preserved
in the Record Office : " This shalbe to signifie unto your Lordeship that Bartelett
and Edward Whitecherche hath ben with me, and have by their accomptes declared
thexpensis and charges of the pryntyng of the great bibles; and, by thadvise of
Bartelett, I have appointed theym to be soulde for 13*. d. a pece, and not above.
Howebeit, Whitechurche enformeth me that your Lordeship thinketh it a moore
conveniente price to have theym solde at 10s. a pece, which, in respecte of the greate
chargis, both of the papar (which in very dede is substanciall and good) and other
great hinderaunces, Whitechurche and his felowe thinketh it a small price. Never-
theles they ar right well contented to sell theym for 10s. so that you (Crumwell) wol

86

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. the lightes of waxe in every church to be taken downe, saffe onely
the roode-loft light, the light afore the sacrament, and the light
afore the sepulchre; and that every curate shall keepe a booke or
register, wherein shall be written every weddinge, christninge, and
buryinge made within the same church throughout the whole yere,
the same booke to remaine in a chist with two lockes and two keyes
in the same church provided for the same, the one key to remaine
with the curate^ and the other with the churchwardens of the same
church, the charge to be at the cost of the parishe, with divers
other injunctions.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 30.

Allso Saint Austens Abbey, at Canterbury, was suppressed, and

the shryne and goodes taken to the Kinges treasurye, and St.

In September, Thomas of Canterburies shryne allso, a and the monkes commaunded

to chaunge theyr habettes, and then after they should knowe the

Thomas Kinges further pleasure ; and the bones of St. Thomas of Canter-

bi^tlndTfs 8 bury were brent in the same church by my Lord Crumwell. They

shryne found his head hole with the bones, which had a wounde in the

skull, for the monkes had closed another skull in silver richly , b for

be so good Lorde unto theym as to graunte hensf orth none other lycence to any other
printer, saving to theym, for the printyng of the said Bible; for els thei thinke that
thei shal be greately hindered therbye yf any other should printe, thei susteynyng
suche charges as they alredie have don. Wherfore, I shall beseche your Lordeship,
in consideration of their travafle in this behalf, to tender their requestes, and thei
have promysed me to prynte in thende of their Bibles "the price therof , to thentent the
Kinges lege people shall not hensf orth be deceyvid of thair price.

" Farther, yf your Lordeship hath known the Kinges Highnes pleasure concernyng
the Preface of the Bible, whiche I sent to youe to oversee, so that His Grace dothe
alowe the same, I pray you that the same may be delyvered unto the said White-
church unto printyng, trusting that it shall both encorage many slowe readers, and
also stay the rash judgementes of theym that reade therm," &c.

a Conspicuous amongst the treasures of Becket was a stone of great lustre, known
as the Royal of France, offered at Canterbury in 1179 by Louis VII.; this attracted
the King s fancy, and was henceforward worn by Henry VIII. on his thumb.

b In a letter of William Penison to Crumwell we have the mention of one of the
last visits paid to the shrine of Thomas a Becket before its spoliation. " Yesterday

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 87

people to offer to, which they sayd was St. Thomas skull, so that A - D - 1538 -

nowe the abuse was openly knowne that they had used many yeres

afore; allso his image was taken downe that stoode at the high

aulter at St. Thomas of Acres, in London, by my Lord Crumwells

commandement, and all the glaswindowes a in the sayd church that

was of his story was taken downe, with the image of his puttinge

to death that was at the aulter, where the sayinge was, that he was

borne allso, so that there shall no more mention be made of him

never.

This yere allso, after Michelmas, all the orders of fryers in All orders of
London chaunged thepr] habits to secular preistes habits, and downe^nd
divers houses of fryers were suppressed in divers shyres of England b tnevr houses
and cleane put downe for ever, and all their goodes and implements London,
sould to the Kinges use. c

my Lady of Montreuill, accompanied with her gentilwomen and the ambassadour of
Fraunce, arryved in this towne, Canterbury, &c. where I showed her Saincte Thomas
shryne, and all such other thinges worthy of sight, at the which she was not litle
marveilled of the greate riches therof, saing to be innumerable, and that, if she had
not seen it, all the men in the wourlde could never a made her to belyve it. Thus
over looking and vewing more then an owre, as well the shryne as Saint Thomas hed,
being at both sett cousshins to knyle, and the Priour, openyng Sainct Thomas hed,
saing to her 3 times, This is Sainc Thomas hed, and offered her to kisse it ; but
she nother knyled nor would kysse it, but sty 11 vewing the riches thereof." State
Papers, vol. i. part. ii. p. 584.

a The promoters of the Reformation at this early stage would not or dared not
speak for the conservation of anything. In too many instances not only the images
and madonnas were destroyed, but the choice mosaics and painted windows which
adorned the churches and abbeys were smashed, the monastic libraries sold for waste
paper, the bells sent to foreign countries, and not unfrequently the buildings dis
mantled.

b In the year 1538 there were twenty-one monasteries suppressed, and in the year
following a hundred and one. See the names of them in Rymer s Fcedera, vol. xiv.
p. 590, &c. also Burnet, vol. i. pp. 144-6.

c A very considerable sum was realised from the sale of church ornaments, plate,
goods, lead, bells, and other ecclesiastical ornaments, which the government thought
not proper to have valued, but may be judged of by this single article, namely, that
in the Abbey of St. Edmondsbury alone there were found five thousand marks of
gold and silver in bullion.

88

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538.

St. Thomas of
Acres sup
pressed.

All shrines
destroyed and
all houses of
religion sup
pressed.

Lord Marques
of Execester
sent to the
Towre.

The orders of
fryers sup
pressed.

Allso on St. Ursulaes day, beinge the 21th day of October this
same yere, the house of St. Thomas of Acres in London was
suppressed, and the master and brethren put out and all the goodes
taken to the Kiriges treasurye. This same daye was wont to be
hallowed for the dedication of the same church afore the Kinges
acte last made.

Allso divers other houses of religion were suppressed, and all
shrynes of sainctes taken downe throughout England, a and had to
the Kinges tresurye in the Towre of London, which amounted to
great richest

The fifte daye of November this yere the Lord Henry, Marques
of Exceter, c and Erie of Devonshire, and the Lord Mountacue d
allso, were arested for treason and had to the Towre of London
early in the morninge, and the Lady Marques of Exceter e was sent
thither allso, after.

Allso, about the 12th day of November, all the houses of fryers
in London were suppressed and the fryers clene put out, and the
goodes taken to the Kinges use; and the 14th day of November
the Charter House of London was suppressed and all the landes
and goodes taken to the Kinges use, and all the monkes set at
large, and chaunged their habits to secular preistes, so that at this
day remayned noe fryer in his habit through England.

Item, the 16th day of November Sir William Nicholson, other-

a The number of monasteries suppressed first and last in England and Wales,
according to Camden, was 643, together with 90 colleges, 2,374 chantries and free
chapels, and 110 hospitals. See Lord Herbert in Kennett, vol. ii. p. 218.

b The yearly value of the religious houses was returned at 152,517^. 18s. lOd. as
stated in Stevens s History of Taxes, p. 215; but Dr. Lingard, on the authority of
Nasmith s edition of Tanner s Notitia Monastica, puts it at 142,914Z.

c Henry Courtenay, grandson of Edward IV. being son and heir of William
Courtenay, the attainted Earl of Devon, and the Princess Katharine, daughter of
that King.

d Henry Pole, Lord Montacute, brother of Cardinal Pole.

e Gertrude Blount, Marchioness of Exeter, was attainted in 1539, but subsequently
pardoned by Henry VIII. and died in 1559.

AVRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 89

wise called Lamberd, 51 was convict of heresy at the Kinges pallace A.D. 1538.

of Westminster, the Kinges Majestic sitting in his owne person in

his estate royall in the hall of the sayd pallace, b and his Lordes

spirituall and temporall about him, and there heard the articles of

the sayd Lamberd, and the bishops answeringe against him, c which Lamberd burnt

articles were these followinge: the first, " Infantes non sunt bapti-

zandi; the 2 nd , " Corpus Christi non adest prsesentialiter in sacra-

mento altaris ;" 3 d , " Interpretationibus sacra? scripture nulla fides est

adhibenda ;" 4 th , " Christus non assumpsit carnem ex Virgine Maria."

For the which heresies the sayd Lamberd, the 22 day of November,

was drawne from the bridge foote through London into Smythfeilde,

and there burnte to ashes the same daye.

Allso the sayd 22nd daye of November was a proclamation made gt. Thomas of

by the Kinges commaundement that the Anabaptists should avovde Canterbury e s
-. . T . , . service put

the realme within 10 dayes after the sayd proclamation, on payne downe.

of death, and that noe person of the Kinges subjectes, or other
within the Kinges dominions, should reason of the mystery of the
sacrament of the aulter on payne of death. Allso that Thomas
Beckett, sometyme Bishop of Canterbury, and made a saint by
the Bishop of Romes authority, should from hence forth not be
estemed, named, reputed, nor called a sainct, but Bishop Beckett,
and that his images and pictures through the whole realme should
be put downe and avoyded out of all churches, chappelles, and
other places, and that from henceforth the dayes used to be festivall
in his name should not be observed, nor the service, office, anti-

* In Hall s Chronicle (p. 826) "John Nicholson, otherwise called Lambert, a
priest." He was formerly in priest s orders, but now a schoolmaster in London.

b On a previous occasion he had been questioned for unsound opinions by Arch
bishop Warham, but upon the death of that prelate, and the change of counsels at
Court, he had been released. Fox, vol. ii. p. 396.

c Stow s narrative is very similar: "Divers articles were ministered to him by
Thomas Cranmer, Archbishop of Canterbury, Latimer, Bishop of Worcester, and
others, but mainly the King pressed him sore, and in the end offered him pardon
if he would renounce his opinion, but he would not, therefore he was condemned, had
judgment at the King s mouth, and was brent in Smithfield." Stow, ed. 1631,
p. 576.

CAMD. SOC. N

90

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538.

The blond of
Hales.

Anabaptistes
burnt.

Lord Cban-
cellor made a
baron.

phones, collectes, and prayers in his name reade, but rased and put
out of all bookes, because yt is founde that he dyed lyke a traytor
and rebell to his Prince, as is set out at large in the sayd procla
mation^ with divers other good articles for the wealth of this
realrne.

Also the 24th day of November, beinge Sonday, the Bishop of
Kochester b preached at Paules Crosse, and there shewed the bloude
of Hales, and recanted certeine wordes that he had spoken of the
sayd bloude that it was a dukes c bloude, and nowe shewed playnely
that yt was noe bloude, but hony clarified and coloured with saffron,
and lyinge lyke a goume, d as it evydently had bene proved and
tasted e afore the Kinge and his counsayll, and did let every man
behould yt there at Paules Crosse, and all the way as he went to
dinner to the mayres, to loke on yt, so that every person might
well perceive the abuse of the sayd thinge. Allso foure persons of
the Anabaptistes heretykely bare fagottes the same daye at Paules
Crosse, 3 men and 1 woman, all Duchemen borne.

Allso, on St. Andrewes even, f was a man and a woman of the
Anabaptistes burnt in Smithfeild, Duch persons, for heresy against
the sacrament of the aulter; allso, on St. Andrewes day, was burnt
at Colchester a Duch man, which was husband to the sayd woman
that was burnt in Smythfeild, which was a goodly yong man, and
about 22 yeres of age, for the same opinion.

Item, the first day of December, & Sir Thomas Audley, knight,

* Proclamation was made, ordering that " Thomas Becket, sometime Archbishop
of Canterbury," be cited to appear in court, to answer charges preferred against him;
who not appearing, Henry assigned him counsel. With all solemnity the court sat,
June llth 1539; the Attorney- General pleaded for the Crown, the counsel were heard
for the defence, and the long defunct prelate was convicted of rebellion and treason.
The sentence on him was that his bones should be burnt as an example, and the rich
offerings at his shrines (his personal property) be forfeited to the King.

b John Hilsey, late Prior of the Dominican Friars in London, who died this
year.

c A duck s blood. d Gum.

e Tested. f November 29th.

* Other authorities say November 29th.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 91

and Chancellor of England,* was made a baron by the Kinges wryt, A.D. 1538.
named Lord Audley of Walden.

And the seconde day of December, beinge Monday, the Lord LordMontague
Montague, one of the Kinges Graces nere kinsmen, b was arraigned arai ni
at Westminster Hall and there attainted of treason c by his peeres,
the Lord Audley, Chauncellor of England, sittinge there under the
cloth of estate as high stuard for the Kinge, and giving his judg
ment ; d and the thirde of the same moneth, the Lord Henry Courtney,
Marques of Exceter and Earle of Devonshire, and the Kinges nere
kinseman, 6 was arraigned at Westminster Hall and there attainted
of treason by his peeres; and the fourth day of December, Sir
Edward Nevill, knight/ and one of the Kinges Privie Chamber, Sir
Jeffrey Poole, g knight, and brother to the Lord Montague, Doctor
Crofte, preist, and Chauncellor of Chichester, and a preiste, chapleine Certeine per-
to the Lord Montague, and one Holland, a servaunte of the Lord ^
Montagues, were all araigned at Westminster Hall, and there con- minster,
dempned to death, for treason against the Kinge, h by the coun-

a Lord Chancellor 1533-44.

b Henry Pole, Lord Montacute, was second cousin to King Henry VIII. being
grandson of George Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV. whose daughter
Elizabeth married Henry VII.

c The charge against him was for devising to maintain, promote, and advance one
Reginald Pole (Cardinal Pole), late Dean of Exeter, enemy to the King beyond the
sea, and to deprive the King. Stow, p. 576.

d Lord Herbert, a contemporary, says, " The particular offences of these great
persons are not yet so fully made known to me that I can say much; only, I find
among our records that Thomas Wriotesley, secretary (then at Brussels), writing of
their apprehension to Sir Thomas Wyat, ambassador in Spain, said that the accusa
tions were great and duly proved. And in another place I read that they sent the
Cardinal money." Lord Herbert in Kennett, vol. ii. p. 216.

e Henry Courtenay, Marquis of Exeter, was first cousin of King Henry VIII.
being son of the Princess Katharine, daughter of Edward IV. and therefore sister of
Queen Elizabeth, mother of Henry VIII.

f Sir Edward Neville, brother to the Lord Abergavenny, was Sewer of the House
hold. Sir Geoffrey Pole, brother of Cardinal Pole.

h t< ^y e kno-yy little concerning the justice or iniquity of the sentence pronounced
against these men, we only know that the condemnation of a man who was at that
time prosecuted by the Court forms no presumption of his guilt, though, as no

92 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1538. saill of Raynold Poole, a Cardinall, and brother to the Lord Mon
tague, which pretended to have enhaunsed the Bishop of Romes
usurped authority b againe, lyke traytors to God and theyr prince,
The bishops of through the helpe of the lordes afore written. This yere was a

children on St. commaun d e ment sent from the mayor to all parishe churches in
Nicholas daye , n . *, c i *i 3

putdowne. London, that the clearkes should make noe bishops ol children on

Saint Nicholas Even d and daye, nor make noe goeinge about as the
olde custome hath bene.

" Allso, the 9th day of December, 6 beinge Mondaye, Doctor Croft,
Chauncellor of Chichester, my Lord Montagues chaplaine, and
Holland, were drawne from the Towre of London to Tyburne, and
there hanged and quartered, their heades sett on London Bridge,
and theyr quarters on divers gates about London ; and, incontinent
after the shrives had brought the sayd persons to Newegate, the
Kinges shrive, which was Mr. Wilkinson, mercer, returned backe
againe to the Tower Hill, and there see execution done on the
Lord Marques Lord Marques of Exceter, the Lord Montague, and Sir Edward

and Montague ^evill which three persons were there beheaded, and theyr heds
put to death. , , -.-, ,-\ ,1 rp c

and bodyes were buryed in the chappell within lower

London, and Sir Jeffrey Poole had his pardon given him after
Christmas by the Kinge. f

historian of credit mentions, in the present case, any complaint occasioned by these
trials, we may presume that sufficient evidence vas produced against the Marquis of
Exeter and his associates." Hume s History of England, ed. 1773, vol. iv. p. 187.

a Reginald Pole, Cardinal.

b Cardinal Pole was appointed legate to the Low Countries in 1537, with the
object of organizing a powerful league of the Pope, the Emperor Charles V. and
Francis I. of France, against the English monarch.

c This passage would seem to imply that the charges against Lord Montacute and
the others were based on letters or speeches of the Cardinal, who used his influence
with the English Catholics to keep alive the flame of the Northern rebellion.

d December 5th.

e Other authorities have 9th January, 1539. See Hall and Stow.

f In accordance with a promise made to him at his trial, when he was induced to
plead guilty, so that his confession might be nsed to ruin the others. It is supposed
that he owed his pardon to having first carried to the King secret intelligence of the
conspiracy.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 93

Allso in this moneth the nunrye of St. Helins, within Bishops- A.D. 1538-9.
gate, of London, was suppressed, and the nunnes put out, and Nunry at Saint

1 _. .. IT* i -tielinos sup-

chaunged theyr habits to laye women. pressed.

Allso this yere, the Sonday afore Christmas daye, a Henry Daunce, Henry Daunce
bricklayer, which did use to preach in his house this sommer past, f a gott*at &
bare a fagott at Paules Crosse for heresye, and 2 persons more with Paules.
him, one beinge a preist, for heresy allso.

This yere, the 13th day of February, Sir Nicholas Carowe, b [A. D. 1539.]
Master of the Kinges Horse, and one of his Privie Chamber, and Sir Nicholas
Knight of the Garter, was arraigned at Westminster, and there ra i gn ed/
condemned to death for treason c against the Kinge and his realme.

The 19th day of Februarye there were three persons hanged at Thre persons
Paules Chayne, against St. Gregories Church, for murtheringe a p^^
knyght of Chesshire, called Mr. Chamley, d knyght, which 3 persons Chayne.
were named Manneringe and Jones, 6 gentlemen of Chesshire, and
one Potter, a servingman. The sayd murther was done in the
same place where the gallowes were made. There [were] 2 other
of the Princes servauntes at the sayd murther, which we[re] sent
into Chesshire to have execution there, in the towne where the
sayd Mr. Chamley dwelled.

The thirde daye of March, beinge Monday, the second weeke of Sir Nicholas
Lent, Sir Nicholas Carowe was beheaded at the Tower Hill/ and

a December 29th.

b Sir Nicholas Carew, of Beddington, Surrey, was appointed Master of the Horse,
29th September, 1521, and Grand Esquire of England in 1527.

c For being of counsel with Henry Marquis of Exeter and Henry Pole Lord
Montacute. Stow, p. 576.

d Roger Cholmeley, esq. Hall and Stow.

e John Jones, John Potter, and William Manering, as we learn from Stow, who
adds that they were hanged in the Prince s livery (because they were the Prince s
servants) on the south side of Paul s Churchyard. Page 576.

f " Where he made a goodly confession, both of his folly and superstitious faith,
giving God most hearty thanks that ever he came in the prison of the Tower, where
he first savoured the life and sweetness of God s most holy word, meaning the
Bible in English, which there he read by the means of one Thomas Phelips then
Keeper." Hall s Chronicle p. 827.

94

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539.

Thre newe barons
made by patents.

Newe officers of the
Kinges househoulde.

Abbey at Tower Hill
and Mineries sup
pressed.

[Anno Reg. 31.]

A Parliament
begimne.

Convocation.

his body with the head was buryed within the chappell in the
Tower of London.

This yere, the 9th day of March, beinge the 3 de Sonday in Lent,
were created by patents at the Kinges pallace of Westminster thre
barons, that is to say, Sir William Paulet, that was Treasurer of
the Kinges House, a was made Lord St. John, Sir John Kussell,
of the Kinges Privie Chamber, was made Lord Russell, Sir William
Parre was made Lord Parre, b and Sir Thomas Cheynye, Lord
Warden of the Sinke Ports, was made Treasurer of the Kinges
Househould, and Sir William Kingeston was made Controuler of
the Kinges Househould, and Sir Eichard Wingefeilde was made
Captaine of the Guarde and Vice-Chamberlaine to the Kinge,
which rome Sir William Kingeston had before-

This yere, the last day of March, 1539, beinge the Mondaye
after Palme Sonday, the Abbey of White Monkes at Tower Hill,
and the nonnery at [the] Mineries without Allgate, were suppressed,
and the monkes and nunnes put out.

This yere the 28th day of Aprill, 1539, beinge Monday, the
Parliament beganne, the Kynge rydinge in his Parliament robes,
with all his Lords spirituall and temporall, from his pallace, some-
tyme called Yorke Place, to Westminster Abbey, and there had
masse of the Holy Ghost, and after masse went into the Parliament
Chamber, where my Lord Audley, Chauncellor of England, made
an oration before the Kinge and his Lordes spirituall and temporall,
and that done, the Kinge and his Lordes put of theire robes, and so
rode to dinner to his pallace.

And the seconde day of May, beinge Fryday, the Convocation of
the Bishops and Cleargy beganne at Pawles in London, the Bishopp
of London singinge the masse of the Holy Ghost; and after masse
Mr. Ridley, d Bachelor of Divinity and chaplaine to my Lord of

a Sir W. Paulet was Treasurer of the Household from 1537 to 1540.
b Afterwards created Earl of Essex, 23rd December, 1543.

c The palace at Whitehall, so long as it belonged to Cardinal Wolsey, was called
York Place.
d Nicholas Ridley, Master of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge. He was subsequently

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 95

Canterbury, made a sermon in Latine before the bishops, wherein A .D. 1539.
he touched much the reformation of divers thinges in the spiritualty
concerninge the abuses of the same, his antheme beinge: " Timor
Domini initium sapientias."

This yere the thirde daye of Maye the images at the Mounte The Mounte
besyde the Charterhouse were taken downe by my Lorde Privie P ut d wn e.
Scales a commaundement because the people should use noe more
idolatrye.

This yere the 8th daye of Maye, beinge Thursday, all the citizens The greate
of London mustered in harnes afore the Kinge ; b they gathered and mus ji er
assembled togither at Myles Ende and Stepney, and soe there were
sett in aray in three battells, c and so went in aray in at Algate
and through Cornehill and Cheape to Westminster, and round about
the Kinges parke at St. James, and soe over the feildes into Hoi-
borne and in at Newegate, and there brake of every man to his
house. The battelles were thus ordered : fyrst gonners and 4 great
gonnes drawne amongst them in cartes ; then morris pykes ; then
bo we men; and then bill men; all the cheife householders of the
city havinge coats of white damaske and white satten on theyr
harnes richly besene, the constables in jornets d of white satten, and
the aldermen rydinge in coates of blacke velvet with the crosse and
sworde for the citye on their coates over theyr harnes, and theyr
deputyes rydinge after them in coates of white damaske, every
alderman having his standerd borne before him by one of the tallest
househoulders in his warde, the mayor e rydinge in the middest of
the middle battle in a coate of black velvet on his harnes, and his
two hensmen f followinge him in coates of cloth of gold and blacke
velvet, the officers goeinge about him in harnes, and the shirives

consecrated Bishop of Rochester September 5th, 1547, translated to London April
1st, 1550, and, being brought to trial for heresy by Queen Mary, was burned at the
same stake with Latimer, October 16th, 1555.

a Thomas Lord Crumwell, appointed Lord Privy Seal, 2nd July, 1536.

b On this occasion they made as splendid an appearance as in the year 1532.

c Obsolete form of battalions. d Jerkins.

e Sir William Forman. f Henchmen.

96 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. followinge the ende of the middle battell with theyr officers, every
alderman having foure footemen with bylles and jerkins of white
satten, and all the rest of the city in coates of white cotton, which
was a goodly sight to behoulde. My Lord Cromwell had amonge
them one m. men of gunners, morris pykes, and bowemen, goeing
in jerkins after the socheners a fashion, and his gentlemen goeinge
by, to sett them in array, in jerkins of buffe leather, dublets and
hose of white satten and taffata sarsenet, which he did for the
honour of the citye; and Mr. Gregory Crumwell, b and Mr. Eichard
Crumwell, with Sir Christofer Korris, Master of the Ordinance,
and other oi the Kinges servauntes, followed the ende of the last
battell, rydinge on goodly horses and well apparayled. The Kinges
Grace stoode in the gatehouse of his pallace of Westminster to see
them as they passed by, with the lordes and family of his house-
hould; and the Lord Chauncellor, Duke of Norfolke, Duke of
Suffolke, with other lordes of the Kinges househould, stoode at the
Duke of Suffolkes place by Charinge Crosse to see them as they
passed by. They were numbred by my Lord Chauncellour to the
nomber of 16 thousand and a halfe and more, d howbeit, a man
would have thought they had bene above 30 thousand, they were
so longe passinge by; they went five men of every weapon on a
front e together, and beganne to enter the citye on aray at Aldgate
at 9 of the clocke, and by 12 they beganne to come before the
Kinge, and yt was past 5 of the clocke or the ende passed before
the Kinge; and, ere the last battell were entered Cornehill, the first
battell were breakinge home at Newegate. There was never a
goodly er sight in London, nor the citizens better besene, then this

a Probably for socagers, armed tenants.

b Gregory was son and heir apparent of Thomas Lord Crumwell.

c Crumwell s nephew, Richard Williams, assumed his uncle s name of Crumwell,
and became in 1540 a Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.

d This army, according to Maitland, consisted of three divisions of five thousand
men each, exclusive of pioneers and attendants, being the greater part of the male
population between the ages of 16 and 60. See Maitland s London.

e Abreast.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 97

muster a was, which was a great rejoycinge to the Kinges Majestic, A.D. 1539.
and a great honour to the citye.

This yere, the 7th day of June, beinge the Saterday after Corpus The empresse
Christi daye, b there was a great and solemne obit kept at Paules in
London for the Empresse late wyfe to Charles the Fifte, Emperor
nowe, and beinge daughter to the Kinge of Portingale, whose
name was Elizabeth; at the which obit was a sumptuous hearse
made in Paules quire before the high aulter, 8 square, lyke an
imperyall crowne, full of tapers of waxe, and branches with scutcheons
and penons richly guilded of the Emperors and Empresse armes,
and a rich valence of blacke sarcenet fringed with gould hanginge
about the same hearse, with a scripture of letters of goulde, which
was " Miserere mei Deus," and divers banners of the Emperors and
Empresse armes hanginge about the sayd hearse richly guilded, and
one of the kings of harrouldes houldinge a standerd richly painted
of the Emperours and Empres armes at the feet of the hearse, with
his coate armour on his backe, and his mourninge gowne, and foure
other harrouldes houldinge foure other banners of white sarcenet
richly guilded, with the images of Our Lady and Saint Elizabeth/
in their mourninge gownes and coate armours; allso Pawles quyre
singinge the dirige; the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Arch
bishop of Yorke, 6 with 8 other bishops, sitting in the quyre in riche
copes and myters on theyr heades; and the Bishopp of London
sittinge in his stalle in his myter as cheife executor at the sayd dirige ;
the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Archbishop of Yorke sensinge

a This muster was the greatest ever made by the citizens of London till this
time, notwithstanding the relation of Fitz Stephen, who tells us that in the reign of
King Stephen the City sent into the field 60,000 foot and 20,000 horse, probably a
mistake for 6,000 foot and 2,000 horse.

b The Thursday after Trinity Sunday in 1539 would fall on June 5th, and
therefore Saturday would be the 7th June.

Isabella, or Elizabeth, Infanta of Portugal, was married to the Emperor Charles
V. in 1526, and died 1st May, 1539.

d St. Elizabeth, Queen of Portugal.

e Archbishops Cranmer arid Lee.
CAMD. SOC. O

98 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. the hearse at Magnificat and Benedictus; Sir Thomas Audley, Lord
of Walden and Chauncellor of England, beinge cheife mourner
as the Kinges persons/ goeing in a kyrtle and roobe with a hoode
of blacke cloth, the Lord Windesore, Master of the Kinges Ward
robe, bearing his trayne, and a gentleman usher bearinge yt in the
middest, with the kinge of harrouldes b and two sergeantes of armes
goeinge afore him; the Duke of Norfolke, the Duke of Suffolke,
Lord Crumwell Lord Privie Scale, Lord Marques Dorset, Earle of
Oxforde, Earle of Surrey, Earle of Sussex, and the Earle of Hampton,
Lord Adrnirall, beinge all mourners allso, and goeinge in robes and
hoodes of black, with harrouldes of armes before them, goeinge all
before the Kinges deputie from the revestre in the body of the
church of Pawles unto the hearse, and there kneelinge about the
sayd hearse till the dirige ended, and after that goeing all in order
into Our Lady Chappell behinde St. Ekinwaldes d shryne, where
they had brought them spyces and wine, the Emperours embassadour
and the French Kinges embassadour standinge on each side of
the Kinges deputy there at the sayd drinkinge, in theyr mourninge
roobes allso, and soe departed thens to the revestre in the body of
the church, where they made them ready, and there put of their
mourninge garmentes; allso the Mayor of London, with all the
aldermen and sheriffes with black gownes, and divers craftes of the
citie in their liveries, were present at the sayd obit, with the
Masters of the Stylliard and the Spaniardes; 6 and all the body of
the church of Pawles in the middle yle, from the west dore to the
high aulter, was hanged with black cloth and scutcheons of the
Emperours and Empresse armes ; allso there was in every parishe
church within London a hearse made with a coffin and tapers
burninge, and a dirige songe by the preistes in every parishe, with

a Iu place of the King.

Thomas Hawley, Clarencieux King-at-Arms, 1536-57.

c Sir William Fitzwilliam, created Earl of Southampton 18th October, 1537, was
Lord High Admiral from 1536 to 1540.
d St. Krconwald. e Spanish merchants.

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 99

an afternone knill, and the belles ringinge at the sayd dirige till A.D. 1539.
6 of the clock at night, and a masse of requiem kept in every
church the morrowe after, with all the belles ringinge till noone in
every parishe church. The morrowe, beinge Sondaye, there was
a solempne masse of requiem at Pawles songe by the Bishop of
London, the Abbot of St. Albons beinge deacon, and the Abbot of
Tewkesbery subdeacon, with their myters, and the Archbishop of
Canterbury and the Archbishop of Yorke, the Bishopp of Dunham,
the Bishop of Winchester, the Bishop of Lincolne, the Bishopp of
Bathe, and two other bishops, beinge in their pontificalibus, sittinge
about the high aulter at the sayd masse and at the ofTringe; the
Lord Chauncellour offeringe as the Kinges deputye, the Duke of
Norfolke givinge his offeringe as Treasurer of England, then the
Emperours and French Kinges embassadours offringe next, and so
the other lordes mourners, then the Mayor of London, with the
aldermen and sheriffes, the Masters of the Stylliard, and then the
Spanyardes; and after masse the hearse was censed by the 2 arch
bishops, and foure other bishops goeinge three tymes about at the
verses of the 9 respons, " Libera me Domine; this done, the
Kinges deputie, with the embassadours and other lordes and bishops,
went to Baynardes Castle, where they dyned and had a great
dinner with many delicate meates and suttletes, with the Emperour
and Empresse armes garnished, which were longe to reherse; and
thus ended the solempnitie for the Empresse. She dyed about the
begininge of Maye a last past in Spaine.

This yere the 17th day of June was a triumphe on the Thames
before the Kinges pallace at Westminster, where were two barges
prepared with ordinance of warre, as gonnes and dartes of reede,
one for the Bishop of Rome and his cardinalles, and the other for
the Kinges Grace, and so rowed up and downe the Thames from A tryumphc
Westminster Bridge to the Kinges Bridge ; b and the Pope [and his

a May 1st, 1539.

b The King s Bridge was situated at the eastern end of the new Palace of West
minster, on the river bank, some short distance from Old Palace Stairs, and was so called

100 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. cardinals] a made their defyance against England and shot their
ordinaunce one at another, and so had three courses up and downe
the water; and at the fourth course they joyned togither and fought
sore; but at last the Pope and his cardinalles were overcome, and
all his men cast over the horde into the Thames; howbeyt there
was none drowned, for they were persons chosen which could
swirame, and the Kinges barge lay by hoveringe to take them upp
as they were cast over the borde, which was a goodly pastime. The
Kinges Grace with his lordes and certeine ladyes standinge on the
leades over his privie stayers, which was covered with canvas and
set with grene bowes and roses properlye made, so that rose water
sprinkled downe from them into the Thames upon ladies and gentle
women which were in barges and boates under to se the pastime.
And allso two other barges rowed up and downe with banners and
penons of the armes of England and St. George, wherein were the
sagbuts and waightes, which played on the water, and so fynished.
The watche Allso this yere the watche kept in London at Midsommer was put
put downe. downe by the Kinges commaundement because the citizens had
bene at great charge in their muster; b howebeyt the mayor and
sherifTes had prepared divers pageantes with lightes and other
thinges for to have had the sayd watche, and had noe knowledge
till two dayes afore Midsommer that yt should not be kept, which
was a great losse to poore men.

The Parliament begunne in Aprill last past brake up the 28th
daye of June, and was rejourned till the morrowe after All Soules c
da ye next comminge.

Allso because the lordes and judges had taken great paynes this

in contradistinction to the Queen s Bridge or Stairs, situated at the western end of
the Palace of Whitehall. Westminster Bridge, mentioned in our text, was anothei
of these river stages, of which there were several on the northern bank of the

Thames.

a Omitted in MS.

> The annual march of the City watch at Midsummer, being laid aside on 1
occasion, was not revived till the mayoralty of Sir Thomas Gresham, who again set
it on foot in the year 1548. : 2nd November.

WEIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 101

Parliament by their longe sittinge the Kinge caused the tearme to A.D. 1539.
breake up the fourth day of July, which was 8 dayes sooner then yt
should have bene after the oulde use.

This yere a 3 or 4 dayes after that the Parliament had broken up
the Bishop of Salisbury, called Doctor Shaxton, which was almoner Two Bishops

dGDOSGd

to Queene Anne, a and the Bishop of Worcester, called Doctor
Latimer, resigned their bishoprickes into the Kinges handes. The
cause was for certeine actes made in this last Parliament^ which
after their consciences should not stande with scripture, howbeyt all
the cleargie of the whole Convocation c and Parliament had set
theyr handes save these 2 bishops and Doctor Crome d and Doctor
Taylour, which sayd theyr consciences would not be agreeable thereto,
wherfore they stand all at the Kinges pleasure nowe.

This yere, the 8th daye of Julye, were foure persons e drawne
from the Marshalsea to St. Thomas Wateringes/ and there hanged,
headed, and quartered ; two were fryers, and the Vicar of Wans-
worth, sometime chaplaine to the Marques of Exceter late put to
death, and another preist with him, allso for treason.

Allso, the 9th daye of July, Sir Adryan Foskewe, g knight, and Certaine
one Dingley, h a Knight of the Rhodes, were beheaded at the Towre attainted b
Hill, and two servinge men drawne . from the Tower to Tyburne, 4 cte of Par ~
and there hanged, headed, and quartered, all which persons were some put t

death.

a Nicholas Shaxton was appointed almoner to Anne Boleyn in 1534, and the year
following preferred to the bishopric of Salisbury, which he held till 1539.

b It was in this parliament that the Six Articles, generally called the Bloody
Statute, were passed.

c Archbishop Cranmer opposed the passage of the bill in Parliament, but ineffec
tually. The King desired him to absent himself, but he could not be prevailed upon
to give this proof of compliance. Burnet, vol. i. pp. 249, 270.

d Dr. Edward Crome.

e The four persons were Griffith Clarke, Vicar of Wandsworth, with his chaplain
and his servant, and Friar Waire. Stow, p. 577.

f St. Thomas Waterings was a brook at the second milestone in the Old Kent
Road, where executions were wont to take place. It was at this spot Chaucer makes
his pilgrims halt for the first time after quitting the Talbot or Tabard Inn.

g Sir Adrian Fortescue. h Thomas Dingley.

102 WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE,

A.D. 1539. attainted at the last Parliament for treason; and allso the Countes
of Salisburye, a mother to the Lord Montague and his brethren, the
lady, b late wyfe of the Marques of Exceter last put to death, were
allso attainted of treason at the sayd Parliament, and all theyr
landes and goodes with divers more allso, which sayd ladies were
prisoners in the Tower of London with the children of the Lord
Marques [of Exeter] and Lord Montague d allso.

Keligious At this Parliament all the religious houses in England, suppressed

put downe by an d not suppressed, were granted to the Kinge to the augmentation
Ac 3 of Par- o f ^jg crowne for ever ; e and allso divers opinions concerninge the
fayth, which hath longe bene in doubt by seditious preachinge, was
finally resolved, accorded, and agreed by the Kinge and his Parlia
ment for ever, and who that offendeth contrary to the sayd Acte f
shall be adjudged an heretike, and to be burnt without any
abjuration ; g allso, yt is enacted in the sayd Parliament that
preistes shall have noe wives, and that all preistes and religious
persons that have avowed chastitie, that be allready wedded, shall
be divorced, or elles to forfaite their goodes and benefyces, and at
the seconde monition, death, as by the sayd Acte at large appeareth.
It is reported that there be in England of preistes and religious

a Margaret Countess of Salisbury was daughter of George Duke of Clarence, and
wife of Sir Richard Pole. On account of the treason of her children she was
attainted in 1539, and beheaded in 1541.

b Gertrude Blount married Henry Marquis of Exeter; she was attainted in 1539,
but was pardoned, and survived the King, not dying till 1559.

c Lord Herbert and others state that the Countess of Salisbury and the Marchioness
of Exeter were not heard in their defence, but positive evidence of this would appear
to be wanting.

d Henry Pole, Lord Montacute. The violent hatred which Henry VIII. bore to
Cardinal Pole had extended itself to all his relations and friends.

e These vast revenues, amounting to between one-fifth and one-tenth of the whole
rental of England, if frugally husbanded would have rendered the Crown indepen
dent of Parliamentary aid.

f 31 Henry VIII. c. 14. The Law of the Six Articles.

s This refers to the First Article, which enforced the doctrine of the real presence,
not admitting the privilege of abjuring. The denial of this doctrine subjected
the person to death by fire, and to the same forfeitures as in cases of treason.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 103

persons that have presumed to marry above 300 persons, which A.D. 1539.
nowe by the sayd Acte must be divorced, a which is a godly Acte,
and shall cause the spiritualty to shewe good example by theyr
lyfe. b

Allso the Kinge gave the bishopricke of Salisburye to the Bishop Newe bishopps
of Bangor, c which sometyme was Abbot of Hyde, and he gave Doctor q^ondams set
Belle, one of the Counsaill, d the Bishoppricke of Worcester, and to their
Latymer e was committed to the Bishop of Chichester, called Doctor *
Sampson, Deane of the Kinges Chappell, f and Doctor Shaxton &
was committed to the Bishop of Bathe, h to remaine in theyr wardes,
at the Kinges pleasures, as prisoners.

This yere, the election of the sheriffe. by the Commons of the The election

-P CV * -fF

citie of London of elder antiquitie, used to be chosen on Saint chaun^ed^o
Mathewes 1 daye, and at 6 yeres past changed to the seconde day tliel0 Augusti.
of September by the mayor and aldermen with the common counsaill
of the citie, was now chaunged to the fyrst daye of August, at

a In compliance with this statute, Archbishop Cranmer was obliged to dismiss his
wife, the niece of Osiander, a famous divine of Nuremburg, and the King, satisfied
with this proof of submission, showed him his former countenance and favour.
See Lord Herbert s History in Kennett, p. 219.

b The marriage of priests was entirely prohibited by the law of the Six Articles,
and their commerce with women was, on the first offence, made forfeiture of goods
and imprisonment, and, on the second, death.

: John Salcot, alias Capon, D.I), and Abbot of Hyde, was consecrated Bishop of
Bangor in 1534, without resigning his abbacy, and was translated to Salisbury on
the resignation of Dr. Shaxton, 31st July, 1539.

1 John Bell, D.D. the King s chaplain, and Archdeacon of Gloucester, was elected
Bishop of Worcester 2nd August, 1539.

c Hugh Latimer, late Bishop of Worcester, resigned on the 1st of July, 1539. He
was soon afterwards in prison for speaking against the Six Articles, and remained
in confinement till the King s death.

f Richard Sampson, LL.D. Bishop of Chichester, was Dean of St. Paul s.

e Dr. Shaxton, late Bishop of Salisbury, resigned in consequence of not subscribing
the Six Articles.

h John Clerk, LL.D. late Master of the Rolls and Dean of the Royal Chapel, was
nominated to the see of Bath and Wells 2nd May, J 523.

September 21st.

104

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539.

Death of the
Bishop of
Rochester,
which was one
of the newe
secte.

Charterhouse
of Shene
suppressed.

which day was chosen by the Commons of the sayd citye of London
for sheriffe Thomas Huntley, haberdasher; and the mayor had
elected and chosen on Reliques Sonday a last past for the Kinges
sheriffe John Farye, b mercer, merchant of the Staple of Callis.
The cause why the election was chaunged was because the sheriffes
might have a convenient tyme to prepare their houses before the
tyme of their oath-takinge, and allso because divers persons, beinge
of ability to the sayd election, woulde absent themselves out of the
citie when the sayd election should be; in consideration whereof,
that yf the sayd persons at the sayd election were out of the citie
beyonde the sea, or elles at any other parte of this realme, that they
might have a sufficient tyme of knoweledge afore hand to she we
theyr unhability yf any such were, and so to elect another; and
allso that they should not be sodainely unprovided theyr necessaries
for the honour of the citie.

This yere, the 4th day of August, dyed the Bishopp of Rochester,
which sometyme was a blacke fryer, and came from Bristowe, d and
was Pry or of the Blacke Fryers in London, and was one of them
that was a great setter forth of the syncerity of Scripture, and had
occupied preachinge most at Pawles Crosse of any bishopp, and in
all the seditious tyrne, when any abuse should be shewed to the
people eyther of idolatrye or of the Bishop of Eome, he had the
doeynge therof by the Lord Vicegerentes e commaundement from
the Kinge, and allso had the admission of the preachers at Pawles
Crosse theise 3 yeares and more,

This yere, about the 20th daye of August, the Charterhouse of
Shene f was suppressed into the Kinges handes, and the rnonkes
put out and chaunged to secular preistes. The pryor had given him

a Relic Sunday in this year fell on July 13th.

1( John Feiry and Thomas Huntlowwere chosen sheriffs in 1539.

c The death of John Hilsey, Bishop of Rochester, is usually assigned to the
preceding year. Bristol.

" Thomas, Lord Crumwell, Vicegerent in Ecclesiastical Causes.

f The Carthusian Priory at Richmond, or West Sheen, in Surrey, founded by
Henrv V. in 1414, and ralued at the Dissolution at 693Z.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

105

duringe his life for his pencion two hundred markes yerely, and A.D. 1539.
every monke 61. 13s. 4d. duringe theyr lives, and 40s. in mony
towardes their apparrell, and the pryor gave every monke likewise
40s. in mony allso at theyr departinge, and the house was given to
the Lord Beawchamp, a havinge to name " Sir Thomas Lever," b
beinge allso Earle of Harford, brother of Quene Jane, last wyfe c
to our Sovereigne Lord the Kinge.

This yere, on the day of the Nativitye of Our Lady, d Doctor Death of the
John Stokesley, Bishop of London, departed this worlde, which
was the greatest divine that was counted in this realme of England,
and allso counted for one of the famous clearkes in Christendome,
through whose great learninge and knowledge, with certeine other
of his secte, and the great wisdome of our sovereigne the Kinges
Majestic, the great heresies that were likely to have growne in this
realme, lately sprunge up by certeine seditious preachers, was at
this last Parliament ended, howebeyt he was counted of that sect
to be a great papist in his hart. 6

Allso the morrowe after the Nativitye of Our Lady the nonnery Clearkenwell
of Clearkenwell f was suppressed into the Kinges handes, and the su PP re
nonnes put out and chaunged to secular habittes;^ and thesayd place
was given to the Duke of Norfolke, but he chaunged with the
Bishop of Exceter h for his place, and gave thebishopp this nonnerye.

a Edward Seymour, brother of Queen Jane, was created Viscount Beauchamp, of
Hache, co. Somerset, June 5th, 1536, and Earl of Hertford, October 18th, 1537.

b A clerical error for Edward Seymour. Our author would appear to have been
going to write Sir Thomas Audley, to whom the site of the Charterhouse in London
was granted.

c Queen Jane Seymour died 24th October, 1537. d September 8th.

c He was one of the signatories to the famous protest of the bishops and clergy of
England against the authority of the Pope to call a general Council. See State
Papers, Henry VIII. vol. i. part ii. p. 543.

* The Benedictine nunnery, founded by Muriel Brisset, occupied the site of St.
James s church, in which Lady Sackvillc, the last prioress, lies buried.

g The friars and nuns, though dismissed their convents, were restrained from
marrying, in observance of their vows.

h John Voysey, alias Harman, of Magdalen College, Oxford, Dean of Windsor,
was elected Bishop of Exeter August 31st, 1519.

CAMP. SOC. T

106 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539. The 14th day of September, beinge Holy Koode daye and

The buryinge Sonday, the Right Honourable Father John Stokesley, late Bishopp

of the Bishopp Y & J

of London. ot London, was honourably buryed at rawles, alore the aulter in

Our Lady chappell, behinde St. Erkinwaldes shryne, the church
beinge hanged with black from the west doore up to the high
aulter ; and in the quyre afore the sayd aulter was a goodly hearse
made of waxe and hanged with black, with scutcheons of his armes.
First came from his pallace to the church a crosse of everie parish
church of his diocesse within the cittie of London, which was above
threescore in number, then all the clarkes of everie churche with
certaine preistes in their sirplises, then followed above fower scoree
priestes, in copes, of the said parishes, then the crosse of Poules,
with all the quire in their blacke copes of cloath, then the Suffragan
of London a and the Bishopp of Bangor in their pontificalibus, and
then the corps with fower banners borne about it, and twentie staffe
torches borne by his servantes, and thirtie other torches borne by poore
men, the mourners followinge them, then the major and aldermen
of the cittie of London in blacke, and so had dirrige, and after
solemply buried by nite in the said chappell of Our Ladie ; and the
morrowe after, at seaven of the clocke in the morning, ther was a
solempne masse of Our Ladie songe in the said chappell of Our
Lady, after the manner of a feast, for his soule; that donne,
another masse of the Holy Ghost was songe at the highe aulter by
the Suffragan of London in his pontificalibus, and after that, masse
of requiem, song by the Bishopp of Bangor in his pontificalibus,
the which bishopp had to name Doctor Birde, sometyme Prior of
the White Friors in London ; b the offnng donne, their was a
sermon made afore his herse by Doctor Hodgkin, Suffragan of
London, he having to his anteptume c of the Psalmes in David this
verse, " Convertere Domine animam meam in requiem tuam quia

* Dr. Hodgkin.

b John Bird, the last Provincial of the Carmelites in England, was elected to the
sec of Bangor, 24th July, 1539.
c Antiphony.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 107

Dominus benefecit tibi," upon the which verse he declared the A.D. 1539.
godlie endinge of this said reverend father, with the tow talentes of
science and authoritie that the said reverent father had, and the
great studie and stedfastnes that he had taken and contynued in all
the scysme and division tyme, and the upholdinge of the sacramentes
and holie ceremonies of the church, ever more contynued since the
Apostles tyme, which he had alwaies holden with by his great
knowledge of learninge; and also he shewed how he [the late
Bishop] receaved the sacrament of the aulter with so great reverence,
and making a longe oration before of the said sacrament, which
made all that were present to have weepinge eies at the same,
insomuch that the Kinges Majestic had him in reputation, and his
judgment, for the great knowledge that he had in learninge, above
all the cleargie of this realme ; and his Graces Majestie a commanded
that he should be thus honorablie buried because of his famous
name and learninge, to the ensample of all other prelates following
his example, and principallie to the great laude, honor, and praise
of Alrnightie God, that had endewed him with such giftes of
knowledge and learning by his Holie Spiritt, so that he shall ever
more remaine in memorie in this world to the last end therof.

This yeare, the morrowe after Sainct Edwardes daie, b King and Haliwell
Confessor, the nounrie of Haliwell, by Shordych in London, was su PP ressed -
suppressed into the Kinges handes, with all the landes and goodes,
and the nounes changed to secular habett.

This yeare, in October, died in the Universitie of Parris, in
France, a great doctor, which said their was no God, and had
bene of that opinion synce he was twentie yeares old, and was
above fowerscore yeares olde when he died, and all that tyme had
kept his error secrett, and was esteamed for one of the greatest
clarkes in all the Universitie of Parris, and his sentence was taken
and holden among the said studentes as firme as scripture, which
shewed, when he was asked why he had not shewed his opinion
till his death, he answered that for feare of death he durst not, but
a Henry VIII. assumed the style of "Majesty" in 1527. b October 14th.

108

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1539.

Saint Marie
Overis and
Sainct Bartho-
lomewes

suppressed.

Abbottes and
monkes sent to
the Tower.

Barking in

Essex

suppressed.

Bury

suppressed.

when he knew that he should die he said their was no lief to come
after this lief, and so died miserably to his great damnation.

Also this yeare, in Octobre, the priories of Sainct Marie Overis,
in South warke, and Sainct Bartholomewes, in Smithfield, was
suppressed into the Kinges handes, and the channons putt out,
and changed to seculer priestes, and all the landes and goodes
[escheated] a to the Kinges use.

Also divers abbottes and monkes were putt in the Tower for
treason, as the Abbotts of Glastenburie, Reding, Colchester, b and
various other.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 31.

This yeare, the 14th daie of November, the Abbay of Barking,
in Essex, was suppressed into the Kinges handes, with all the
goodes and landes, and the nunns putt out and changed to secular
habett, and the howse with the demeanes was geaven to Sir
Thomas Denis, knight, of Devinshire, and to his heires for eaver,
which Sir Thomas Denis hath to wife my ladie Murffen, some tyme
wief to Mr. Murfen, late Major of London/ 1 and daughter to Mr.
Angell Dunne, and sometime Mrs. to Alis my wife that now is.

Also this moneth the Abbey of Burie, in Suffolke, was suppressed,
and the monkes putt out and changed to secular priestes, and all
the goodes and landes [confiscated] to the Kinges use. 6

a Omitted in MS. According to a valuation in Speed s Catalogue of Religious
Houses (see Collier, Appendix, p. 34), sixteen mitred abbots had revenues above
1,OOOZ. per annum. St. Peter s, Westminster, was the richest, being valued at
3,977Z., Glastonbury second at 3,508Z., and St. Alban s third at 2,510Z.

b These three Abbots, having distinguished themselves by their pertinacious
refusal to surrender their monasteries, were singled out as an example to others, and
means were soon found to convict them of treason.

c The revenues of Barking Abbey at the Dissolution amounted to 1,084Z. It was
founded in A.D. 677 by St. Erconwald, Bishop of London, and his sister Ethelburga
became its first abbess; many of her successors were noble, and even some royal
ladies, who, by reason of their office, enjoyed the style and dignity of baronesses.

d Thomas Mirfin was Lord Mayor in 1518.

e The revenues of St. Edmund s Abbey at Bury at the Dissolution amounted to
2,337Z.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 109

The 25th dale of November the howse of Sion was suppressed A.D. 1539-40.
into the Kinges handes, and the ladies and brethren putt out, The house of
which was the vertues* howse of religion that was in England,
the landes and goodes to the Kinges use.

Also in this moneth the Abbottes of Glastenburie, Riding, b and
Colchester were arraygned in the Counter, and after drawen, hanged,
and quartered for treason.

This yeare, on Sainct Johns daie. c in Christmas weeke, and The comminge
beinge Saterdaie, Ladie Anne, daughter to the Duke of Cleve, d in

6

Germanic, landed at Dover, 6 at five of the clocke at night, and daughter to

^^ j-V. T"\ 1

their was honorably receaved by the Duke of SufFolke and other cieve, in Ger-

great lordes, and so lodged in the Castell; and the Moundaie m ame, into

this realme of

followinge she rode to Canterburie, wheare she was honorabhe England.

receaved by the Archbishopp of Canterbury and other great men,

and lodged at the Kinges pallace at Sainct Awstens/ and their

highlie feasted; one Twesdaie she came to Sittingborne ; on Newe

Yeares eaven the Duke of Norfolke, with other knightes and the

barons of the Exchequer, receaved her Grace on the heath, tow

miles beyond Rochester, and so brought her to the Abbay of

Rochester, where she taried that night and Newe Yeares daie all [A.D. 1540.1

daie; and on New Year s daie at afternoune the Kinges Grace,

with five of his Privie Chamber, being disguysed with clookes of

marble g with hoodes, that they should not be knowen, came privelie

to Rochester, and so went upp into the chamber where the said

Ladie Anne looked out at a wyndowe to see the bull beating that

was theat tyme in the court, and sodenlie he embraced her and

a Virtuest, i.e. most virtuous.

b Clerical error for Reading.

c December 27th.

d John Duke of Cleves was a prince of the Protestant Confederacy.

e Deal, according to other authorities.

f St. Augustine s Abbey, near Canterbury, which was surrendered into the King s
hands in 1538, and turned into a royal palace.

% Veined like marble. Grafton describes them as "all apparelled in marble
coats."

110 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. kissed, and shewed her a token that the King had sent her for her
Newe Yeares gift, and she being abashed, not knowing who it
was. thanked him, and so he commoned with her; but she regarded
him little, but alwaies looked out of the wyndow on the bull
beatinge, and when the King perceaved she regarded his comming
so little, he departed into [an] other chamber and putt of his cloke
and came in againe in a cote of purple velvett ; and when the lordes
and knightes did see his Grace they did him reverence; and then
she, perceiving the lordes doeing their dewties, humbled her Grace
lowlie to the Kinges Majestic, and his Grace saluted her againe,
and so talked togeether lovinglie, a and after tooke her by the hand
and leed her into another chamber, where they solaced their graces
that night and till Fridaie at afternoune; and then his Grace tooke
his leave and departed thence to Gravesend, and their tooke his
barge, and so went to Greene wych that night, and she rode to
Dartford that night and lodged their till the morrowe; and
on Satterdaie shee tooke her jorney towardes Greenewych, where,
at the foote of Shooters Hill, their was a pavilion sett upp
for her Grace, where mett her the Earle of Eutland, b being
Lord Chamberlaine to her Grace, with the Ladie Duglas, c the
Dutches [es] of Richmond and of Suffolke, with divers other
ladies and gentlewomen that were apoynted for dailie waiters on
her Grace in the court, with also all her Graces servantes and
yeomen ; and their she lighted and changed her apparell, and putt

a This account differs very considerably from that generally received. Hume
says, " The King, impatient to be satisfied with regard to the person of his bride,
came privately to Rochester, and got a sight of her. He found her big, indeed, and
tall as he could wish, but utterly devoid both of beauty and grace, very unlike the
pictures and representations which he had received. He swore she was a great
Flanders mare, and declared that he never could possibly bear her any affection.
The matter was worse when he found that she could speak no language but Dutch,
of which he was entirely ignorant, and that the charms of her conversation were not
likely to compensate for the homeliness of her person."

b Thomas Manners, Lord Roos, created Earl of Rutland 18th June, 1525, K.G.

c Margaret Douglas, daughter of Archibald, sixth Earl of Angus, and Margaret
Queen Dowager of Scots, and therefore niece of Henry VJII.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. Ill

on a rich gowne of cloth of gould, and so lighted on her horse A.D. 1540.
againe, and rode a soft pace towardes Greenewych; and about a
mile and more from Greenewych, on the Blacke Heath, the Kinges
Majestie mett with her Grace, richlie apparayled in a cote of cloath
of goulde, with all his lordes and knightes, and, after salutation
donne betweene them, the Kinges Grace and she rode softlie
towardes Greenwych, all the waie from thence sett on both sides
with gentlemen in cotes of velvett and great chaynes about their
neckes, the Major of London a riding in a cote of crymison velvett
and a rych collar of goulde about his necke, afore the Kinges
Majestic; and all the aldermen, with the counsell of the cittie and
six score of the citizins, all in cotes of blacke velvett with chaines
of gould about their neckes, stoode alonge by the parke side whereas
she should passe by, and twentie fower merchantes of the Stiliard
in cotes of velvett with chaines, above five hundred persons, and
above tow thousand horse of their servantes in new lyveries, and
also all the craftes in London laie in barges in the Thames afore
Greenewych, their barges being well trymmed with banners and
targattes, with divers melodie of instrumentes, with also tow
batchlers barges rychlie hanged with cloth of gould of the craft of
the Marcers, b which was a goodlie sight; and so she came to
Greenewych that night and [was] receaved as Queene; and the
morrowe, being Soundaie, the Kinges Grace kept a great court at
Greenewych, where his* Grace with the Queene offred at masse,
richlie apparayled; and on Twelfe daie, which was Twesdaie, the
Kinges Majestie was maried to the said Queene Anne, solernply, in
her closett at Greenewych, and his Grace and shee went a pro
cession openlie that daie, she being in her haire, with a rytch
cronett of stones and pearle sett with rosemarie on her Graces
heade, and a gowne of rich cloath of silver, and richlie behanged
with stonne and pearle, with all her ladies and gentlewomen follow
ing her Grace, which was a goodlie sight to behold.

a Sir William Holies.

b The Mercers Company. c January 4th.

1 1 2 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. This yeare the Kinge made many yong gentlemen speres, a and
gave them 51}* a peece out of the Court of Augmentation for their
lyvinge.

This yeare also all the religious hovvses in England were sup
pressed into the Kinges handes, saving certaine churches which were
bishopps seas, which changed their habettes to secular priestes, and
were made channons like Powles quire in London, so that their is
now but one order in the cleargies through this realme.

This yeare the fowerth daie of Februarie the King and the
Queene removed from Greenewych to Westminster by water: first,
his Graces [household] going in barges afore his Majestic; then
his Grace going in his barge and his gard following in another
barge; then the Queene in her barg and her ladies followinge in
another barge, and then her howsehold servantes; then the Major
and Aldermen of London in a barge and tenne of the cheifFe craftes
of the citie following the major in their barges, which were all
rychlie hanged with schuchions and targattes and banners of the
cognisans of everie occupation, the Marcers barge hanged rychlie
with cloath of gold; and from Greenewych to the Towre all the
shipps which laie in the Thames shott gonnes as the Kinge and
Queene passed by them. And when they came against the Tower
their was shott within the Tower above a thousand chambers of
ordinance, which made a noyse like thunder; and that donne
they passed through London Bridge to Westminster, 01 the major
and all the craftes following till they see their Graces on land,
which was the first comming of the Queenes Grace to Westminster
synce her Graces comming into Englande.

a Fifty gentlemen, called Pensioners or Spears, were appointed in December, 1539,
to wait on the King s Highness. Hall, ed. Ellis, p. 832.

b Substituted in MS. for SI.

c The circumstance of Queen Anne not making her public entry into the City,
but going to Westminster by water, has been adduced as evidence of the King s
little regard for her.

d At this time the river Thames was so destitute of fresh water, by reason of an
excessive drought, that the salt water flowed above London Bridge.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 113

This yeare also, after Christmas, the priorie of Sainct Marie A.D. 1540.
Overis 3 in Sothwarke was made a parish church, and the litle church The Priorye of
of Marie Mawdley b joyning to the same priorie was made all in one Overis made a
church, and Sainct Margarettes in Sowthwarke was admitted to the parish churche.
same parish. And on Candlemas Eaven, to joyne the same parishes
togeether, the sacrament of the alter was solempley brought in rich
copes with torches brenning from Sainct Margarettes church to
the said church of Sainct Marie Overisse; the which church the
inhabitantes of the said church borowghe had bought of the King
with the bells of the same, to their great charges, which now is the
largest and fairest church about London; the good Bishop of
Wynchester, now being called Doctor Steephens, d putting toe his
helping hand to the redeeming of the same.

Also this yeare in Lent the Bishopp of Wynchester and Doctor
Wilson e preached the sermons afore the Kinge at the Court, Doctor
Wilson on the Wednesclaies and the Bishopp on the Fridaies, which
sett fourth well in the said sermons the good order of the Church by
the sinceritie of Godes worde.

Also the 12th daie of March, which was the Fridaie afore Passion Sodaine death
Sondaie/ this yeare [1540], the Earle of Essex g riding a yong horse f the Erle of
by misfortune cast him and brake his necke at his place in Essex,
which was great pittie.

This yeare also, the 19th daie of March, the good Earle of Oxford 11
died at his manner in Essex, which Earle was High Chamberlaine
of Englande.

a St. Mary Overy.

b St. Mary Magdalen.

c This church was begun in 1208 as part of St. Mary Overy s priory, founded by
William Giffard, Bishop of Winchester.

d A synonym for Stephen Gardyner, LL.D. elected Bishop of Winchester in
1531.

e Rector of St. Martin s Outwich, in Bishopsgate Street.

f The fifth Sunday in Lent, which this year fell on the 14th March.

s Henry Bourchier, whose death is correctly assigned to the year 1540.

h Sir John de Vere, fifteenth Earl of Oxford, K.G.
CAMD. SOC. Q

114 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. This yeare also the three dales in Easter weeke preached at St.
Kecanting of Marie Spittell, Jherome a vicar of Stepney, Doctor Barnes, and
and others, and Garrett b parson of Hony Lane, which three parsons were of the

after com- newe sect, and recanted in their said sermons divers erronious

mitted to the

Tower. opinions that they had preached contrarie to the Scripture by the

Kinges commandment; howbeit Garrett recanted nothing. And
also Doctor Barnes openlie after his sermon praior asked the
Bishopp of Wynchester, then being present, forgivenes for a sermon
that he had preached against him on Mid-Lent Sondaie last past, of
his owne mynde and not by no compulsion nor commandment of
the Kinge: Nevertheles they not doing the Kinges commandment
so syncerelie according to the truth as his Majestic commanded
them, the Kinges Majestie being enformed of their sermons, and
after that they were examyned and called before the Kinges
Majestie for their offences, were committed to the Towre of London
the Saterdaie following by the Kinges owne commandment.

Also on Low Soundaie c following the person of St. Martin s, at
the well of tow buckettes in Bishopsgate Street, called Doctor
Wilson, preached at Poules Crosse, and their in a shorte some[ry]
rehersed the fower sermons according to the old custome of this
cittie, and their by the Kinges commandment read their submission
of their recanting of their owne handes wrytinge. And after that
opened some of their articles that they had colowred by false ex
position in their said sermons contrarie to Scripture and the Kinges
commandement. And also gave the awdience straight monition by
the Kinges owne commandment to take heede and beware of hens-
forth such seditious doctrine on paine of punishment therof, as his
Majestie is bound to doe on transgressions by Codes worde, and
declaring the hundredth psalme of the prophett David, which
beginneth thus : " Misericordiam et judicium cantabo tibi Domine."

This yeare, the ninth daie of Aprill, being Fridaie, one Turkes

a William Jerome. b Thomas Garrard.

c 4th April.

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 115

wife, a fishmonger, dwelling at the Redd Lyon against Sainct [A.D. 1540.]
Magnus church , a slewe herself with a knife.

Allso, this tenth daie of Aprill, tow priestes were hanged and Tow priestes hanged
quartered at Callis for treason, which after they were hanged and at Cal1
cutt downe arose and stoode on their feete and helped the hangman
to putt of their cloathes, and so livinge were laide on a borde, fast
boimde, and then dismembred, their bowells brent afore them, and
spake alwaies till their harts were pulled out of their bodies, which
was a piteous death.

Also, the llth daie of Aprill, being Soundaie, preached at Powles
Crosse the Bishopp of Wynchester, and in the sermon tyme was a
fraye, made betwene three or fower serving men, in the said church
yearde, and some hurt, to the great disturbance of the said sermon.

The twelfe daie of Aprill a priest honge himselfe in the Bishopp
of Wynchester s place, at the Clincke, which priest was of the new
sect, and their in the prisoners warde was put in the bishopps
howse to have bene examyned by the bishopp.

The 18th b daie of Aprill, Sir Thomas Crumwell, Lord Crumwell,
and Lord Privie Scale, was created Earl of Essex in the Kinges
pallace at Westminstree, and also was made High Chambeiiaine of
Englande.

This yeare, the morrow after Sainct Georges daie, my lord and [Anno Reg. 32.]
master Lorde Awdeley, and Chauncelor of Englande, and Sir
Anthonie Browne, Master of the Horse to the Kinge, were made
knightes of the garter at Westminstree.

This yeare, in Aprill, my cosin Mr. Thomas Wriosley c was made
the Kinges Secretarie, and Mr. Sadler, d of the Privie Chamber,
joyned with him, and were booth made knightes also.

a St. Magnus the Martyr, Lower Thames-street, near London Bridge.

b The 17th, according to other authorities.

c Thomas Wriothesley, afterwards Lord Wriothesley and Earl of Southampton,
at this period held the post of private secretary to Crumwell.

d Sir Ralph Sadleyr, who in the reign of Elizabeth was appointed to take charge
of Mary Queen of Scots.

116 WRIOTHESLEY S CHKOKICLE.

A.D. 1540. This yeare, in Easter terme, Mr. Hare, a Speaker of the Perliament,
Mr. Browne, Serjeant of the Law for the Kinge, Mr. Conisbie and
Gray, for an offence that they had donne against the Kinges
Majestie, and the prerogative royall, and towching his emperiall
crowne, concerning a Statute of Uses in Primar Season, made in
the 27th yeare of his Highnes raigne, in geving their councell to
one Sir John Shelton, knight of Norfolke, latelie departed, in
declaration of his will, as in the Starre Chamber before the Kinges

7 O

most honorable Councell it was approved, contrarie to the said
statute, for their offence had suifred imprisonment in the Tower
of London, and after sett at large; and now this tearme, the said
parties humbly submitting themselves to the Kinges Majestie, and
knowledging their offences, were pardoned by the Kinge, and Mr.
Hare, Speaker of the Perliament, was admitted to the said rome
againe, which was discharged therof for the said offence at his
imprisonmente, and Mr. Browne, Serjeant, the 28th daie of Aprill,
this same terme, was called before the Kinges Counsell in the Starre
Chamber, and their humbly submitting himself to the Kinges
mercie, knowledging his offence to be so great against the Kinges
Majestie and imperiall crowne, did not onelie submitt goodes and
landes by his owne mouth into the Kinges handes, but also his
bodie to perpetuall prison, ye and also thincking if he had much
more substance then goodes and landes, thought not sufficient for
his parte to pacific the Kinges terror in his said act, but had rather
lose all his goodes and substance and lief then not having the
Kinges favour and pardon, for this lowlie submission was taken
to his Graces mercy, and was sett by the Kinges Counsell to paie
for a fine to the Kinge for his offence, that it might be an ensample
to all other heareafter, and by the said Counsell agreed at the same
tyme for his said fine a thousand pound sterling.

This yeare, on Maie daie, their was a great triumphe of justing
at the Kinges place at Westminster, which said justes had bene
proclaymed in Fraunce, Flanders, Scotland, and Spaine, for all

a Sir Nicholas Hare.

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 117

commers that will come against the chalenges of England, which A.D. 1540.
were Sir John Dudley, knight^ Sir Thomas Seym or, knight, Sir
Thomas Poyninges, knight, Sir George Carow, knight, Anthony A"great just-
Kingston, esquier. and Kichard Crumwell, a esquier, which said ln p at Wes
chalengers came into the listes that daie rytchlie apparayled and
their horses trapped, all in white velvett, with certaine knightes
and gentlemen riding afore them apparayled all in white velvett
and white sarcenett, and all their servantes in white sarcenet dobletts
and hosin, after the Burgonion fashion; and their came in to just
against them the said Maie daie of defendantes. 46, the Earle of
Surrey being the furmost, Lord William Haywarde, b Lord Clinton,
and Lord Crumwell, d sonne and heire of Thomas Crumwell, Earle of
Essex, and Chamberlaine of Englande, with other, which were [all] e
rytchlie apparayled ; and that daie Sir John Dudley was overthrowen
in the fielde by mischance of his horse by one Mr. Breme defendant ;
nevertheles, he brake many speares valiantlie after that; and after the
said justes were donne the said chalengers rode to Durham Place/
where they kept open howseholde, which said place was richlie be-
hanged, and great cubbordes of plate, where they feasted the Kinges
Majestic, the Queenes Grace and her ladies, with all the court, and for
all other commers that would resort to their said place, where they
had all delicious meates and drinckes so plenteouslie as might be,
and such melodie of minstrelsey, and were served everie meale with
their owne servantes after the manner of warr, their drume warning
all the officers of householde against everie meale which was donne,
to the great honor of this realme.

The second daie of Maie, Mr. Anthony Kingston and Richard
Crumwell were made knightes at their said place.

R Richard Williams, nephew of Sir Thomas Crumwell, Earl of Essex, assumed the
name of Crumwell.

b Lord William Howard, son of Thomas, second Duke of Norfolk.

c Edward Lord Clinton, afterwards Earl of Lincoln.

d Gregory Lord Crumwell.

c Supplied from Stow, who quotes this paragraph verbatim.

f In the Strand, Westminster.

118 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. The third dale of Male, the said chalengers did turney on horse-
backe with swordes, and against them came that daie nyne and
thirtie a defendantes, Sir John Dudley and the Earle of Surrey
runing first, which at the first course lost booth their gauntlettes,
and that daie their Sir Kichard Crumwell overthrewe Mr. Palmer
in the field of his horse, to the great honor of the said chalengers.

Also the third daie of Maie were three persons brent without
Sainct Georges Barre in Sowthwark in the high waie almost at
Newington for heresie against the sacrament of the aulter; one was
a groome to the Queene named Maundevild, a French man borne,
another an paynter, an Italian, and an Englishman.

The fifth daie of Maie the said chalengers fought on foote at the
barriers, and against them came thirtie defendantes, which fought
valiantlie, but Sir Richard Crumwell overthrewe that daie at the
said barriars Mr. Culpepper b in the field. And the sixth daie of
Maie, being Assention Daie, the said chalengers brake upp their
howsehoulde, which had contynued ever synce the first daie of
Maie for all commers that woulde resort thither, so that no person
was denied to come in of any honestie, and their had meate and
drincke at any tyme when they would aske itt, which was so well
donne that the renoune was spread throwe divers realmes, to the
great honor of this realme of England.

Sainct Johns The seventh daie of Maie the Lorde of Sainct Johns c without

suppressed. Smythfielde d died, and the King tooke all the landes that

belonged to that order e into his handes to the augmentation of his

a Twenty-nine in Stow.

b Thomas Culpepper, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.

c Sir William Weston, knt. Lord Prior of St. John of Jerusalem, who, by virtue
of his office, ranked as first baron of the kingdom.

d The House or Hospital of St. John of Jerusalem stood a little south-east of
Clerkenwell Priory, without Smithfield.

e At the surrender of religious houses the Knights Hospitallers exerted their
influence in defence of the Papal authority, and obstinately refused to yield up their
revenues to the King, who was obliged to have recourse to Parliament for the
dissolution of this order.

WRIOTHESI.EY S CHRONICLE. 119

crowne, a and gave unto everie of the chalengers above written for a A - D -
reward for their valiantnes above an hundred marke and a howse
to dwell on, of yearlie revenues out of the said landes for eaver.

This yeare the eight daie of Maie Mr. Richard Farmar, grocer, of
London, a man of great londes and substance, was arraigned in the
Kinges Bench at Westmester for misprise nmente of certaine sedi
tious wordes spoken by him against the Kinges Majestie; b wherfbre
he was that daie condempned to perpetuall prison and all his landes
and goodes forfett to the King, c which was great pitie that he used
himself so, for he was a gentle person and welbeloved in the cittie,
and had kept a great howse in the cittie, and had married his children
to great mariages. d

This yeare on St. Peeters Even e the Sergeantes Feast was kept Sergeantes

PI

at Sainct Johns in Smithfielde, Sir Richard Crumwell being stuarde
of the feast and Mr. Weld controwler.

This yeare the 7th daie of Julie one Collins was brent without
Sainct Georges Barres in Southwarke for heresie against the sacra
ment of the aulter, but at his death he confessed his error and died
verie penitentlie.

This yeare in the beginning of Julie, 1540, the King was
divorced from his wife Queene Anne, f daughter to the Duke of
Cleve, because she was contracted to a Duke in her countrey g before
she came into England, and Sir Thomas Crumwell, Earle of Essex,
had kept it secrett from the Kinge, which was great pitie that so

n The revenues of this rich foundation amounted, at the time of its suppression, to
no less than 3,385Z. 19s. Sd. per annum. Stow, Survey of London.

b Richard Farmer was arraigned and attainted for denying the King s supremacy.
Stow. c " Queene King" in MS.

d And his wife and children thrust out of doors. Stow. e June 28th.

f On the 6th of July certain Lords came down into the Nether House of Parlia
ment, and expressly declared causes for which the marriage of Anne of Cleves was
not to be taken lawful; and, in conclusion, the matter was by the Convocation
clearly determined that the King might lawfully marry where he would, and so
might she. Stow.

g It was conveniently discovered that there had been a former contract of marriage
between Anne and the son of the Duke of Lorraine.

d

120 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. good a ladie as she is should so sone [have] lost her great joy; never-
theles the King hath geaven her fower thousande poundes by yeare
with fower goodlie manners in Englande to keepe her estate during
her lief, and she is purposed to remaine still in this lande. a

Also this yeare in Julie, in Champaine, a countrey of the French
Kinges dominion, it rayned bloude b seaven howres long by the
clocke, which was a very sight to see.
Thomas Erie This yeare, the 28th daie of Julie, Sir Thomas Crumwell, Earle

rfeh^adTd f EsS6X WaS Beheaded at tne Tower Hil1 and Walter Lord

named Hungerforde c was beheaded with him, also for treason of boggery,

Crumwell. ^^ ]ieadeg gett on London Bridge, and their bodies were buried
within the Tower of London; they were condemned by the whole
bodie of this last Perliament, 6 Thomas Cromwell for heresie, treason,
and fellonie, and extortion/

Barnes, This yeare, the thirtith daie of Julie, 1540,^ were draw en from

jherome, and t ] ie Tower of London into Smythfield theise persons followinge,
Garrard brent. ^ , g ^ ^ ^ ^^ Barnes, 11 Kichard Fetherston, William Jerome,

a It was enacted by Parliament that she should be taken no more for Queen, but
called the Lady Anne of Cleves. Stow.

b The phenomena of red rain and blood-coloured snow are not unfrequent, and
are attributable in some instances to chemical or volcanic action, and in others to the
excrement of a passing cloud of insects.

c Son of Sir Edward Hungerford, was summoned to Parliament as " Walter
Hungerford de Heytesbury, Chev." in 1536, but never afterwards.

d Lord Hungerford at the hour of his death seemed so unquiet that many judged
him rather frenzied than otherwise; he suffered, as it was said, for buggery. Stow.

e The unanimity of Parliament is attested by the entries on the Journals, " Hodie
(June 19) lecta est pro secundo et tertio, villa attincturaa Thomas Comitis Essex, et
commnni omnium procerum tune prassentium concessu, nemine discrepante, expedita

est."

f The summary process of an attainder without a trial, which Crumwell had first
devised against the aged Countess of Salisbury, was resorted to against himself.
He was declared by his peers a manifold traitor and detestable heretic, but his real
crime was having urged his royal master, as a means of advancing his grand
Protestant scheme, to solicit the hand of Anne of Cleves.

e The King s councils being at this time directed by Norfolk and Gardiner, the
law of the Six Articles was enforced with rigour against the Protestants.

h Robert Barnes, D.D. who had been the cause of Lambert s execution. He had

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 121

Vicar of Stepney, Doctor Edward Powell, Thomas Jerrard, Parson A.D. 1540.
of Honi Lane, and Thomas Abell, a priestes, of which three of them,
that is to say, Barnes, Jherome, and Garrarde, were brent for
heresie, b condemned by the whole bodie of the Perliament, c and
Fetherston, Powell, and Abell were hanged, their bowells brenned,
headed and quartered, in the said place of Smythfield, for treason
against the Kinges Majestie, d and condemned of the same by the
whole Perliament.

This yeare, the fowerth daie of Awgust, were drawen from the
Tower of London to Tiburne, Giles Heron, gentleman, Clement
Philpott, gentleman, late of Callis, and servant to the Lord Lile, e
Darbie Gynning, Edrnonde Bryndholme, priest, William Horn,
late a lay brother of the Charter Howse of London, and another, f
with six persons more, were there hanged drawen, and quartered,
and one Charles Carow, gentleman, was that daie hanged for robbing
of my Ladie Carowe, all which persons were attaynted by the whole
Parliament for treason.

This yeare, the eight daie of Awgust, being Sondaie, the King
was maried to Katherin Hawarde, daughter of the late Edmond

drawn upon himself the resentment of Bishop Gardiner by his sermon at Paul s
Cross, in which he had bitterly inveighed against that prelate as a bigoted Roman
Catholic.

a Thomas Abley in Fuller s Church History.

b A stranger, standing by, did wonder, as well he might, of what religion the
King was, his sword cutting on both sides, Protestants being burnt for heretics, and
Papists hanged for traitors. Fuller s Church History, p. 235.

c They were condemned by a bill of attainder in parliament, without trial.

d For denying the King s supremacy, and affirming his marriage with Queen
Katharine to be good, of the which argument Dr. Powell wrote a book, printed in
quarto, and I have seen it. Stow.

c Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle, was Deputy of Calais from 1533 to 1540,
when he was recalled, and died a prisoner in the Tower 1542.

f These names differ considerably from those given in Stow, viz. Giles Home,
gentleman, Clement Phillip, gentleman, of Calais, and servant to the Lord Lisle,
Darby Gening, Edmond Bromholme, priest, chaplain to the Lord Lisle, William
Home, Laurence Cooke, Prior of Doncaster, and Bobert Bird.
CAMD. SOC. R

122 WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. Haward a deceased, and brother to the Duke of Norfolke, b at his
manner of Hampton Court, and that dale she dined in her great
chamber under the cloath of estate, and was their proclaymed
Queene of Englande.

Also this yeare at the last Perliament, which was dissolved in
Julie last past, was granted to the King 4 xv tliel3 and tow subsidies
of I2d. the of landes and goodes, and 2s. the for strangers,
and for moveables six pence the -, and strangers I2d. ; to be paid
the xv thes in fower yeares next ymediatlie ensewinge, and the
subsedie in tow yeares next ensuing this Perliamente, the King to
take the best landes in moveables; also the spiritualtie hath granted
a disme c of 4s. the pound, to be paide in tow yeares ymediatlie
after this Perliament.

This yeare, on the eaven of the Nativitie of Our Ladie, d was
taken in the Thames about Dartforde by Greene wych, dolphines,
tow females and one male, which said females had followed the
male out of the sea, and were first spied about Erith, and so followed
by fishermen with nettes, and were taken all together.

Also the llth daie of September was hanged in the Morefield
before Betchlem Bridge e a stranger, named James Eynacyacy/ a
Florentine borne, which said James had slaine one Capon, a
Florentine borne, in a garden at Bethlem, on Bartholomew evin last
past, very wilfullie, and had stabbed him in divers partes of his bodie
with a dagger, having one wounde in his backe of six inches deepe.

a By Joyce, daughter of Sir Richard Culpepper, knt. She was also cousin to
Anne Boleyn, but of very different character and persuasion, being a zealous
partisan of the Church of Rome, and wholly under the guidance of her bigoted uncle
the Duke of Norfolk.

b Lord Edmund Howard was son of Thomas second Duke of Norfolk, and brother
to Thomas third Duke.

c Tithe or tax.

d September 7th.

Bethlehem Hospital originally stood on the east side of that part of the mere or
moor afterwards known as Moorfields, from which it was divided by a large and
deep ditch, over which was a bridge.

f Stow calls him " Rinatian."

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 123

This yeare was a liott sommer and drie, so tliat no raine fell A.D. 1540-1.
from June till eight daies after Michaelmas, so that in divers partes
of this realme the people caried their cattle six or seven miles to
watter them, and also much cattle died; and also their rayned strang
sicknes among the people in this realme, as laskes a and hott agues,
and also pestilence, wherof many people died; wherfore the Kinges
Majestic sent out commissions through this realme to everie par-
[ticular] bishopp to exhort the people to fall to prayer and to go
in procession in everie parish in the hole realme; and also my Lord
Mayer and the Bishopp of London caused generall procession to be
once in the weeke through the cittie, which beganne the 17th daie
of September, being Fridaie in the Ember weeke, and had a
sermon made in Paules quire before the procession went, and used
it so everie Fridaie, which was a godlie waie.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 32.

This yeare the Terme was rejornede till Crastino Animarum; b
and also the major tooke his oth at the Tower.

This yeare, the tenth c of December, Kafe Egerton, of London,
being one of my Lord Chauncelors d servantes, and one Thomas
Herman, 6 sometyme servant with Fleetwood, one of my Lord
Chancelors gentlemen, were drawen from the Towre of London to
Tiburne, and there hanged and quartered for counterfeeting the
Kinges Great Seale.

This yeare, the eigh tenth daie of March, Mr. William Rotchmeire r- A D
was presented to the Kinge at Westminster at York Place, and
their the Kinge made him knight, and Mr. Martin Bowes, one of
the sherives, also.

a Dysentery. The word in the text is corrupted from Lax. Nares s Glossary, ed.
Halliwell and Wright.
b November 3rd.
c The 22nd of December.- Stow.
d Lord Audley.
c Thomas Harman, servant to Master Flight-wood. Stow.

124

WKIOTHESLEY S CHEONICLE.

A.D. 1541.

[Anno Reg. 33.]

The Ladie Poole,
Countesse of Salis-
burie, put to death
in the Tower.

The nynetenth and twentieth of March the King and the Queene
removed from Westminster to Greenewych by water ; and my lorde
major and all the aldermen and all the craftes of the cittie, in barges
goodlie behanged and sett with banners, taried his Graces coming
betwene the Towre and London Bridge the said daie in the after-

o

noune; and at three of the clocke the King came through the
bridge and the Queene in one barge, and their the major and craftes
receaved their Graces and so rowed to Greenewych; and when they
were against the Tower there was shott a great shott of gonnes, and
all the shipps to Greenewych shott great shott of gonnes as they
passed by, which was a goodlie sight to beholde ; and this was the
Queenes Graces first coming to London synce the Kinges Grace
maried her.

This yeare, the seaven-and-twentith daie of Maie, 1541, a being
Fridaie and the morrow after the Assention Daie, my Ladie of Poole,
Countesse of Salisburie, b and mother to the Lord Montague, late
putt to death for treason, was beheaded within the Tower of London
upon the Greene called East Smithfid for treason c against the Kinges
Majestic. And the same daie were three persons more drawen from
the Tower of London to Tiburne, one called Lee, a gentleman of the
north countrey, which was hanged and quartered ; and another
called Tartarsall, a cloath man of that countrey; and one Thome, a
yeoman of the same partes, was hanged and headed ; which persons
with their affinitie had pretended to have made a new conspiracie or
insurrection in the north countrey in Lent last past, and were
brought up to London by Sir Richard Gresshame, knight and
alderman of London ; and tenne persons more of their affinitie were
hanged, drawen, and quartered in Yorke for the same treason; and
one Sir John Nevill, knight, was sent from the Tower of London

a Nearly two years after the passing of the act of attainder.

b Margaret Plantagenet, the nearest relation to the King in blood, was daughter,
and eventually sole heir, of George Duke of Clarence, brother of Edward IV. She
was created Countess of Salisbury in her own right, 14th October, 1513.

c For a supposed treasonable correspondence with her sons, Cardinal Reginald
Pole and Lord Montacute.

WRIOTIIESLEY S CHRONICLE. 125

to Yorke to suffer execution their for treason, which was of their A.D. 1541.
councell.

This yeare, the nynetenth of June, one Chapman and Davenport,
tow yeomen of the Kinges Garde, were hanged at Greenewych, by
the Friars Gate next the court, for robberies that they had donne
in Essex and other places.

The tenth of June, Sir Edmond Knevett, knight, of the countie
of Norfolke, was arraigned at Greenwych in the Kinges Hall
for a blowe that he gave in Lent to Mr. Cleere, of Norfolke,
gentleman, within the court, and was condempned to have lost his
hande that he strooke with ; the Kinges master cooke redie with
his knife to have donne the execution, and the Serjeant of the
scullerie with his malett, the irons laid in the fire to have sered
him, and the Kinges M r Surgeon with the seering cloth readie ;
and when the execution should have bene done the Kinge sent
Mr. Long a to stay it till after dynner, and then the officers of the
household sate againe, and then the King pardoned him; and
proclamation was made their, that whosoever gave any stroke heare-
after in the court, or a certaine precinct therunto, should lose his
hand without redemption.

The 25th daie of June the Lord Leonard Gray, brother to the
Lord Marques Dorsett departed, was arraigned at Westminstre in
the Kinges Bench, and their condempned to death for treason.

The 27th daie of June Sir Thomas Fines, knight, Lord Dacres
of [the] Sowth, was arraigned at Westminster for [the killing] b of
a farmer in Kent in hunting, Sir Thomas Awdley, knight, Lorde
of Walden and Chauncelor of Englande, sitting under the cloath
of estate as Highe Stuarde of Englande, with the peares of the
realme about him, and their that daie condempned to death, and
had judgment to be hangede.

The 28th daie of June, beinge Sainct Peters eaven, the Lord
Leenard Gray was beheaded at the Towre Hill, and in the after-

a Sir Richard Long, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.
b Blank in MS.

126 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. noune nyne persons, three persons gentlemen, one called Mantel 1,
and one Proudes, and another, was hanged at Saint Thomas
Watteringes for the murther that the said Lord Dacrees was
arraigned for.

The 29th daie of June, being Sainct Peeters daie, at 11 of the
clocke in the afternoune, the sherives were at the Towre of London
to have had the Lord Dacres to execution on the gallowes at Towre
Hill, and, as the prisonner should have come out of the Tower, the
Controwler of my Lord Chauncelors howse, called Mr. Heyre,
came and commanded, in the Kinges name, to stay the execution
till tow of the clocke in the afternoune, which caused the people to
hope that the King would pardon him ; nevertheles at three of the
clocke in the afternoune the said Lord Dacres was had from the
Tower to Tiburne, led betwene the sherives of London on foote
till he came to the place of execution, where he was hanged till he
was dead, and then ymediatlie he was cutt downe and laid in the
cart, and had from thence to Sainct Sepulchers church by Newgate,
and their buried.

The 12th daie of Julie, one of Mr. Gunstons sonnes, which was
a Knight of the Eodes, was drawen from the Kinges Bench to
Sainct Thomas Wateringes, and their hanged and quartered for
treason.

The 30th of Julie was hanged in Smythfielde one Eichard
Meekins, an orphan of London, for speaking against the sacrament
of the aulter contrarie to a statute made for the same , howbeit he
died like a true Christian man, and confessing at his death that he
beleeved it to be the verie bodie of Christ, God and man.

Also the same daie one Harvye, a priest of Callis, was hanged,
drawen, and quartered in the towen of Callis for treason, which was
had thither from the Tower of London the tenth daie of this
month at the charges and costes of the Sherives of London.

The 14th daie of Julie the Kinges Grace sent to the Lord
Major of London a from Anthili, b by Philiper, one of his Yeomen
a Sir William Roche. b Ampthill in Bedfordshire.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 127

of [the] Garde, a great stagge and tow fatt buckes, to make merie A - D -
with his brethren the Aldermen; wherfore, the sevententh daie of
this month, being Soundaie, my lord major had to dynner with
him at his house nynetene aldermen besides himself, which made
twentithe, and divers of their wiffes, to eate the venery ; and that daie
after dynner at his table, sittinge [as host] , a chose Mr. Rowland
Hill, b mercer, and a Comminer, sherive for the Kinge for the next
yeare, according to the old custome of this citie.

This yeare, the first daie of Awgust, 1541, being the daie for
election of the sherive in the Guild Hall, the Commens had elect
and chosen for their sherive John Richmonde, armorer, which said
John Richmonde, after the election, came upp into the hustinges
and declared afore my lord mayor and the Commons that he was
not of abilitie and substance c for the said office, by divers waies
excusing himself; the lawes of the cittie being read to him, among
which lawes one was, that if any person elect to be sherive, which
wold take his oth, with six other honest persons whome my lord
mayor wold accept, that all his moveables, as money, plate, wares,
dettes, and juells, extended not to the value of a thousand markes
sterlinge, that then his or their othes should be accepted, which
act, read before the Commons, the said Rychmonde tooke his oth,
and called five other persons with him, as Robert Warner, draper,
Christopher Paine, bruer, Nicholas Barker, armorer, John Lynsey,
armorer, and another of that occupation, which would not take
their othes with him ; wherfore, after long entreaties maide to him
by my lord major and the aldermen, with great offers that they
offred him to help him, as Mr, Bower, alderman, offred him to
lend him as much money as should beare his half yeares charges,
with also all his plate and other necessaries for howse holde; the
said person refusing all this of his obstinate mynde, would in no

a Omitted in MS.

b Afterwards Sir Kowland Hill, and an Alderman of London.
c Richmond s almshouse in the City was erected by the Company of Armourers,
pursuant to the will of this John Richmond, in the year 1559.

128 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. wise take the said office on him, wherfore, my lord major and
aldermen, seing his great obstinacie, and knowing by their estima
tion him to be of a greater substance, able booth for the said office
and place for wisdome and substance, commanded him to warde,
and called for the water bayliffe to have him to the Counter in
Bread Streete, and so brake up the court that daie. The morowe
after my lorde major sent the common cryer to fetch him to dynner
to my lorde majors, where my lord major made him great cheere,
and exhorted him by divers waies to take the said office on him,
and he should lacke no helpe ; and when he could not perswade him
by no waies to take the said office, then he offred to geve him tow
thousand markes for all his substance, besides his landes, and to
take the office on him, and would have geaven him a peece of
gould for an ernest peny, in the presence of Mrs. Herne, gentle
woman, one of his wives sisters, and shewed him if they could
not find him so much worth that he and the aldermen would make
upp the same tow thousand markes among them on their own
purses ; which for all that would not prevaile, he was so obstinatlie
mynded ; wherfore he went to ward againe ; and his howse was kept
by an officer of the majors, and tow other officers of the sherives,
from the first daie of Awgust at night, because they should see that
his goodes should not be conveyed out of the cittie; and the nynth
daie of August, the said John Richmond was sent for to the Guild
Hall, at a court holden their of my lord major and aldermen with
Mr. Eecorder, a and their gentlie exhorted him to take the office on
him, but it prevayled not; wherfore they sett him to his fine, and
that was, that he should pay thre hundred markes for a fine to the
use of the cittie, and bound him by recognisance to pay the said
some of thre hundred markes the llth daie of Awguste, by eight
of the clocke in the morning, to the Chamberlaine of London, and
so discharged him out of prison; and the said llth daie, according
to his bande at the said howre, he brought tow hundreth markes in

a Sir Roger Cholmeley.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 129

money to the said cliamberlaine, and so was discharged for this A.D. 1541.
tyme; and the twelfeth daie of August the Commons were assembled
to a Common Counsell and a new election, and at the Common
Counsell they assented to his fine ; and at the election they chose
for sheriffe Mr. Henrie Sackley, mar chant taylor, for the said
Richmond, by all their assentes, which tooke it on him.

This yeare Mr. Longe a of the Kinges Pryvie Chamber and the Here begonne
Citizens of London varied for the bayliwicke of Sothwarke contrarie for the liberties
to the Charter of London. of Sowth-

\\ Tf lT" KP

Also Mr. Godsale, b one of the clarkes of the signett, by a patent y ariance f or
that he had gotten of the Kinge for the metershippe of cloth of the metership

O O .Li " 11

gould, velvett, silkes, and lynnen cloath, brought an injunction
from the King to the Major and Aldermen of London, and served
the major withall in the Counsell Chamber in the Guild Hall, at
a court of aldermen, on paine of tow thousand markes everie of
them, that they should suffer the said Godsale to exercise the said
rome of mettershipp and no other but under him, which was
against the Charter of London, for the major had the gift alwaies.

Also the Admirall varied with the water- bayliffe of London in Variance
his office concerning the Thames, contrarie also to the Charter of AdmTr

London. the Cittie for

m, . ,1 -r^. i . , the Thames.

Lhis yeare, at the Kinges going his progresse, he graunted to the

citizins of London three churches of Friers in London, the White,
the Black, and the Gray.

Also the Kinge gave the church of Sainct Thomas Acrees, St - Tnomas of

otherwise called Thomas Beckettes, to the Mercerie, c by the great to the Mercers

for certaine
money by them
a Sir Richard Long, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber. paid.

b John Godsalve.

c The Mercers Company. By the designation mercer has been generally under
stood in modern times a dealer in silk, but that is really an abbreviation of the more
distinctive description of silk-mercer. The term mercer is clearly derived from
merces, the plural of the classic word nierx, and, in its earlier and more correct
sense, signified a general trader or dealer. Hence the Mercers Company has always
taken the precedence of the other City Companies, and may with probability be
regarded as the most ancient of all.

CAMD. SOC. S

130 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. labor and meanes of Sir Kichard Gresshame, and they sett open
the church dores on Michaelmas even, and so had dailie masse
therin.

This yeare, on St. Edwardes daie a after dynner, one George
Robinson, mercer, being one of the Wardens of the Mercers, as he
was talking with the major elect 15 in the old majors house, sodenlie
fell downe, and was taken all his left side, from the topp of his
heade to the soule of his foote, so that he cold not speake perfectlie
nor stirre, and was washed with vineger and aqua-vitae, and had to
bed in the said majors howse, and laie their that night, and the
next daie he was caried to his owne howse in a chaire, and died the
third daie after.

This yeare, the sixtenth dale of October, tow priestes wente a
procession afore the crosse in Poules, and stoode all the sermon with
tapers and white roddes in their handes; the cause was they maried
one Mr. Heringes sonne, a proctor in the Arches, to a yong gentle
woman in a chamber without licence or asking. The said gentle
woman was maried before to another, but he had neaver layne with
her ; but, by carnall knowledge of this man, her first husband lost her,
as by a statute d latelie made for the same more plainelie appeareth ;
and this matter was examyned in the Starre Chamber in West-
minstre before the Kinges Counsell, and by theim the said preistes
were enjoyned penance.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 33.

The Quenes This yeare, the 13th daye of November, Sir Thomas Wriothesly,
househoulde , . , , n i rr- TT /-x

discharged. knight, and Secretary to the Hinge, came to Hampton Court to

the Quene, and called all the ladies and gentlewomen and her
servauntes into the Great Chamber, and there openlye afore them
declared certeine offences that she had done in misusing her bodye

ft October 13th. b Sir Michael Dormer.

c Sir William Roche. rt 32 Henry VIII. cap. 38.

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 131

i

with certeine persons afore the Kinges tyme, wherefore he there A.D. 1541.
discharged all her househould ; and the morrowe after she was had
to Sion, and my Lady Bainton a and 2 other gentlewomen, with
certeine of her servauntes to wayte on her there till the Kinges
further pleasure ; b and divers persons were had to the Tower
of London, as my Lady Rochford, c Mr. Culpepper, d one of the
Kinges Privie Chamber, with other.

This yeare, the fyrst daye of December, was arrigned at the Guyld Culpeper put
Hall in London Thomas Culpepper, 6 one of the Gentlemen of the to death-
Kinges Pryvie Chamber, and Frauncis Dorand, f gentleman, for
high treason against the Kinges Majestic in mysdemeanor with the
Quene,s as appeered by theyr inditements which they confessed, 11 and
had their judgments to be drawne, hanged, and quartered, the Lord
Mayor sitting there as cheife, the Lord Chauncellor on his right
hand, and the Duke of Norfolke on his left hand, the Duke of
SufFolke, the Lord Privye Scale, the Earles of Sussex, of Hertford,
and divers other of the Kinges Counsell, with all the judges, sittinge
there also in commission the same daye. And the tenth day of

a Wife of Sir Edward Baynton. Both Baynton and his wife had done service for
the King in the case of Anne Boleyn.

b A letter from the Council to Archbishop Cranmer, signifying the King s
pleasure as to the remove of Queen Katharine Howard, and the discharge of her
household, is printed in State Papers, Henry VIII. vol. i. part ii. pp. 691-3.

c Jane Parker, daughter of Lord Morley, and widow of George Viscount Rochford,
brother of Queen Anne Boleyn.

<l Thomas Culpepper, Gentleman of the Privy Chamber.

c It was alleged against Thomas Culpepper, who was a relative of the Queen, that
he had on one occasion, when the Court was at Lincoln, stayed for three hours in
the same room with the Queen and Lady llochford.

f Francis Derham or Dereham, a relative of Queen Katharine Howard.

s Archbishop Cranmer declared to the King, on his return fiom his progress in
the North, that he had evidence that the Queen before her marriage had been
seduced by Francis Dereham, to whom she had been engaged to be married.

h Francis Dereham is generally said to have confessed that he had been guilty of
incontinence with the Queen before her marriage, but, from the best evidence we

possess, it seems doubtful whether Dereham confessed anything of the kind. See

State Papers, Henry VIII. vol. i.

132 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1541. December the said Culpeper and Dorand were drawne from the
Tower of London to Tyburne, and there Culpeper, after exhortation
made to the people to pray for him, he standinge on the ground by
the gallowes, kneled downe and had his head stryken of; and then
Dorand was hanged, mem bred, bowelled, headed, and quartered.
Culpepers body buryed at St. Pulchers Church by Newegate, theyr
heades sett on London Bridge.

Recantinge at This yeare the 18th of December, beinge Sonday, Alexander
Paules Crosse. $ Qion ^ a gk ott borne, and chaplaine to the Duke of SufTolke, and
the parson of St, Antlins, a for sedicious preachinge that they had
sowed amonge the people in their sermons against free will and
good workes, by injunction of the Bishop of London, did after the
beedes b of the preacher, which was Mr. Kudde, chauntry priest of
Barkinge, read the submission of their erronious opinions, submit-
tinge them whollye to the Catholicke lawes of the Church from the
bottom of theyre hartes, and never more to preach or teache any
erronious opinions duringe theyr lives.

This yeare, the 21 of December, a shoemakers wyfe, of St. Martins
parishe besyde St. Anthonies, rode about the cytye with a paper
on her head which fayned herselfe to labour with childe, and had
flaine a catte and conveyd yt privilye on her bodye, and say yt was
hir chylde, which catt was hanged on her bodie before her brest as
she roade, and 2 quicke cattes also.

Ladies The 22 of December we[re] arraigned in the Kinges Bench at

arraigned at Westminster, Lady Margaret, wyfe to the Lorde William Hawarde,

AV P ^1" in i v\ ^1~ f 1 Y ^^ i

brother to the Duke of Norfolke, Katharine Tylney, gentlewoman,
Alice Kestwold, c gent., Anne Haward, wyfe of Henry Haward, d
squire, and brother to the late Queue, Malin Tylney, wydowe,
Margret Bennet, wyfe of John Bennet, gent., Edwarde Wallgrave,
gent, William Ashley, gent., all which persons were condempned

a St. Antholin in Watling Street.

b Prayers.

c Alice Rastall, alias Wilks.

d Eldest son of Lord Edmund Howard, and brother to Queen Katharine Howard.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 133

in messprisonment of treason, 3 and had judgement to loase theyr
goodes and theyr bodyes to perpetuall imprisonment; and at after-
none the Lord William Haward, brother to the Duke of Norfolke,
and Damparte, b gentleman, were allso arraigned and had lyke
judgment.

Memorandum: On Christmas even, at 7 of the clocke at night,
was a great fyre at Esinge Spittle, in Sir John Williams house,
Master of the Kinges juelles, and did muche hurte, and divers
juelles and goodes of the Kinges, and allso of his, were embesylled
and convayed awaye at the sayd fyre.

This yeare, the 16th daye of Januarye, 1541 -[2], beganne the Par- [A.D._1542.]
liament at Westminster, and that daye was masse of the Holy Ghost,
the Kinge rydinge from his pallace at Westminster in his Parliament
robes, with all his lordes spirituall and temporall in theyr robes,
and so rode to the church of St. Peters; c and that daye the Kinge
made knightes in the Parliament Chamber, Mr. Robert Southwell,
M r of the Rolles, and Mr. Pollard, the Kinges Remembrauncer.

And the 20 of January the Convocation beganne at Pawles.

This yeare, the 23 day of January, was the Kinge proclaymed Tne Kinge
Kinge of Ireland by the assent of the Parliament, both of this realme Kinge of
and allso of Ireland. Irelande.

This yeare, on Candlemas daye, my lord mayor d was presented
to the Kinge at his Pallace of Westminster, and there made knight,
and Sir William Denham, alderman, allso.

This yeare, the 9th of Februarye, a preist, beinge parson in the
Towre of London, hanged himselfe with one of his garters.

And the same night the Lady Rochford was had to the Tower. 6

The 10th of February the Quene was had by water from Sion
to the Tower of London, the Duke of Suffolke, the Lord Privie Scale,
and the Lord Great Chamberlaine havinge the conveyannce of her.

a Because they knew the Queen s vicious course of life before her marriage and
had concealed it.

l> Robert Damport, a retainer of the old Duchess of Norfolk.

Westminster Abbey. d Sir Michael Dormer.

e For having assisted the Queen in her secret amours.

134

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

And the 13th of February, beinge Monday, the sayd Quene,

Katharine put otherwise Lady Katharine Ilaward, was beheaded within the Tower

to death. on the grene, and my Lady of Kochforde a allso; the Lordes of

the Counsell, with other noblemen, and certeine commoners, beinge

there present at the execution, she beinge afore condempned by the

body of the whole Parliament of high treason . b

This yeare, in the latter ende of January, Mr. Thomas Blanke
of London, haberdasher, was admitted alderman for Mr. Paget,
late deceased, of the warde of Bishopsgate; he refusinge to take upon
him after divers good exhortations moved to him by my lord mayor
and a court of aldermen, was comitted to warde to the house of
Mr. Henry Sukley, c sherifFe, and there remayned five dayes, and
then he was brought before the court of aldermen againe; and after
divers lawes and articles read and declared to him, which he would
not take accordinge to a Ltwe made for the same, at last, in a manner
by compulsion, he tooke his oath and was admitted and sworne for
alderman, and after, at a court of aldermen kept the 14th of February,
he declaringe such great debilitie in him, and by the making* of
freindes amonge the aldermen, he was sett to paye to the Chamber
of London 400 markes for a fyne, and to be clearly discharged both
of his aldermanship, as allso all other offices of the city for ever, and
had 4 yeres daye of payment for the same.

One boyled for This yeare, the 17th of March, d was boyled in Smithfeild one
Margret Davie, a may den, which had poysoned 3 househouldes that
she dwelled in, one beinge her M rs , which dyed of the same; and

a Lady Rochford was the infamous woman who had borne testimony against her
own husband and her husband s sister Anne Boleyn, but she is said to have died
very penitent and meek.

b The Lords and Commons, on the 16th of January, by petition, " implored his
gracious Majesty " that he would not vex himself with the Queen s misconduct, but
allow the two Houses to pass a bill of attainder, which course being approved, the
bill was carried through the Lords in three, and through the Commons in two,
days.

c Rowland Hill and Henry Suckley were Sheriffs for 1541-2.

d This event is assigned to the 10th of March by the continuator of Fabian s
Chronicle.

poysoninge.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 135

one Darington and his wyfe, which also she dwelled with in Cole- A.D. 1542.
man Streat, which dyed of the same; and allso one Tinleys wyfe,
which dyed allso of the same.

The 20 of .March was one Clement Dyer, a vintner, drawen to
Tyburne for treason, and hanged and quartered.

This yeare, the 28th of March, the Sherives of London, Sir Row
land Hill and Henry Sukley, were committed to the Tower of
London for the arrestinge of a precept served by Taylor, sergeaunt, The Sherives of
on one Ferris, a a gentleman of the Kinges househould, beinge one Tower
of the burges of the Parliament, and because they resisted the
sargeaunt-of-armes to the Parliament House, called Saint-John,
which was sent to the counter of Bread Streat to fetch the sayd
Ferris, [the sheriffs] b and allso certeine of their sergeauntes were
committed to the Tower for the same; c wherefore the mayor d and
certeine of the aldermen shewed e to the Lordes of the Parliament
and to the Commens House, allso the 29th of March, desyringe them
to be good lordes and masters to the sayd sheriffes; and the 30
of March followinge they were released * againe by the assent of the
Parliament House and their officers also, without payinge any fyne
savinge fees and other charges, which stoode them in 201.

Allso the sayd 30 of March the mayor was sent for to the Court,
and so to the Parliament House before the Lordes of the Counsell,
where they declared unto him that he should have noe sworde borne
before him from Charinge Crosse whensoever he came to Westminster
or to the Court, nor have noe gentle[man] usher to goe before him,
which was never soe scene before.

This yere on the Assention Daye B Mr. Rowland Hill, shrive, was [Anno Reg. 34.]
sent for to the Court at Greenwich, and there the Kinge made him
knight, and Mr. Peckham, 11 the Kinges coverer, allso.

a George Feres or Ferrers, a Member of Parliament for Plymouth, was arrested in
London, at the suit of one White, for the sum of two hundred marks.
b Omitted in MS. c " And there lay for two days." Stow.

d Sir Michael Dormer. e For " sued."

f They were discharged by an order of the Commons House. May 18th.

11 Sir Edmund Peckham, Cofferer of the Household, 1540-6.

136 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1542. This yeare was a prest demanded by the Kinge of his Lordes

A prestorlone spiritual! and temporall and the Commons, and every man in the

Kinge of the citye of London which was valewed to the Kinges subsidie at one

temporaltie. hundred a was sent for [by] the Kinges Commissioners, which

was my Lord Privie Seale, the Bishop of Winchester, Sir John

Baker, Chauncellor of the Tenthes, and Sir Thomas Wriothesley,

the Kinges Secretaryj which persons did so straightly examine every

man, and with such gently handlinge both of men and wydowes,

that he that payd least 101. of every 100/. volente nolente, so that

some of the heades of the citie lent the Kinge one thousande

markes, every man havinge a privie seale for his warrant to be

payd againe in two years next comminge.

This yeare, in Julye, an armye of Gelderland beseiged the towne
of Antwarpe, in Brabant^ which was partly wrought by treason of
some of the inhabitantes in the towne, and was in great daunger of
loosinge, but, as God would, the treason was knowne, and certeine
persons put to death for the same, and the armye fled.

This yere, in August, the Earle of Desmonde, b in Ireland, came
to submitte himselfe to the Kinge, and had great chere, and sent
home with great gyftes.

Allso this yeare, the Kinge, in September, prepared a great
armye of men to goe into Scotland with the Duke of Norfolke. c

Allso, the fyrst daye of October, the great Xeile, d of Ireland,
was created Earle of Tyrone, and his sonne had to name Lord
Dunsane/ and had great rewardes and gyftes given him, and
other that came allso with him.

a All such as were valued worth 50Z. or upward in the Book of Subsidy. Stow.

b James Fitzgerald, fifteenth Earl of Desmond.

c The Duke of Norfolk entered Scotland the 21st of October, burning and wasting
all the marches, and there taried, without any battle proffered by the King of Scots,
until the midst of November. Stow.

d Conan O Neil, Chief Captain of Tyrone.

e Matthew or Feardoragh became eldest son of O Neil in 1542, and was created
Lord Dungannon, 1st October, 1542. Stow calls him his base son, Matthew
O Neil;" and then adds, "for Shane O Neil, the only son of his body lawfully
begotten, was then little esteemed."

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 137

This yeare, the 8th of October, the Kinge sent his lettre to the A.D. 1542.
Mayor and Aldermen, the Common Counsell, and the Commons of
the citie of London, in the favour of Sir William Denham, Alder
man, which was next in course to be elected mayor of the citye,
that he might be discharged thereof and set to a small fyne; and,
after great suyte made by the mayor and 14 aldermen to the
Kinges Counsell for the same, the mayor, with his brethren, with
great payne and laboure caused him to pay for his fyne 300 to
the use of the citye, whereof 200 to be bestowed to have the
water brought more plentifully to the conduytes, a and an 100
in plate to be occupied for ever in the mayors house ; and on St.
Edwardes daye b the sayd Sir William Denham payd for his sayd
fyne, and was dismissed of his cloak, c and that day was elected for
mayor Mr. John Cootes, allderman.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 34.

This yeare, in November, one Collins, gentleman, was hanged in
Westminster pallace for killinge one in the same place.

Allso, this yeare, in November, were hanged on the backsyde
of Lincolnes Inne two persons for murtheringe one Thomas
Chesshers mayde in the same place.

This yeare, on St. Katharines daye, beinge the 25th day ofTakingeof

November, the Scotes entred into Englande with 18 thousande men, th ? Scotts

*
and thought to have taken Carlile, but by Godes provision they

were that daye, at Sandy Sykes d besyde Carliell, discomfited by

a An Act was passed (35 Henry VIII.) whereby the Mayor and citizens were
empowered to bring water from Hampstead Heath, St. Mary-le-bone, Hackney, and
Muswell Hill, upon their indemnifying the owners of lands, &c. in order to augment
the supply already brought from Tyburn. See Maitland s History of London,
p. 141.

b October 13th.

c Or in other words was relieved of his gown on paying his fine. An Alderman
who had passed the chair was termed a " Grey Cloak."

d Generally known as the battle of Solway Moss.

CAMD. SOC. T

138 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1542. Sir Thomas Warton, knight, and others, and divers lords taken
prisoners and many slayne, and their ordinaunce with artillery
taken, to the great comfort of all England, and taken prisoners to
the number of a thousande. a

And the 19 of December, at 3 of the clocke at afternone, the
sayd lordes and certeine of the cheifest of them, to the nomber of
21, came rydinge in at Bishopsgate, and so rode to the Tower of
London, where that night they had great chere and riche lodginge
prepared for them. Theise be their names:

1. The EarleofCastell; b

2. The Earle of Glainekarne, c alias Lord Kylmayre;

3. The Lord Fleminge, d Chamberlaine of Scotland ;

4. The Lord Maxwell, 6 Admirall of Scotland and Warden of the
Marches.

5. The Lord Semerwell; f

6. The Lord Olivante ; .

7. The Lord Gragie; 11

8. Oliver Sinkler, 1 of the Kinges Privie Chamber;

9. Eobert Herskin, sonne and heire to the Lord Harskin, k late
embassadoure ;

10. James Sinkler 1 his brother;

11. Dan Caiy, m Leard of Greaden;

12. Georg Hune, n Leard of Hemitton;

* More than 200 of the better sort, and more than 800 of meaner persons. Stow.

b Gilbert Kennedy, third Earl of Cassillis.

e William Cunningham, fourth Earl of Glencairn.

11 Malcolm, third Lord Fleming.

e Robert, fifth Lord Maxwell, Warden of the West Marches of Scotland.

f Hugh, fifth Lord Somerville.

K Lawrence, third Lord Oliphant.

n Patrick, fifth Lord Gray.

Oliver Sinclair or Saint Clair, favourite of James V.

k John, twelfth Lord Erskine, ambassador to England in 1534.

I James Sinclair, his brother-in-law.

m Mistake for Robert Ker, Laird of Graydon.

II George Home, Laird of Ayton.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 139

13. The Leard Mounteth; a A.D. 1512.

14. John Loslye, b bastard sonne to the Erie of Roth erg;

15. Henry Maxwell, bastard brother to the Lord Maxwell; c

16. John Mattland, d Leard of Wyke Castle;

17. John Carmell, 6 Captaine of Crayforth;

18. Leard Mountayife ; f

19. James Springell, chefe storer of all the Kinges goodes, and
in great favour;

20. Patricke Hayborne ; %

21. Mr. Davie Kythe. h

And the 21 of December, beinge St. Thomas day afore Christ
mas, at 8 of the cloke in the mornynge, 8 of the chefest of them
that ware erles and lordes had new gownes of blake damaske furred
with blake conyes and cottes of blake velwett with doublettes of
satten, shirtes and other apparell made for them, and so rode from
the Towre, Sir John Gage, Controwler of the Kinges household
and Constable of the Towre, ridinge afore them alone, and accom-
paned with divers other knightes and gentylhnen thorow the High
Streat of London, the Scottes ridinge twoo and twoo together,
folowinge Sir John Gage, and so to Westmynster, Master Leve-
tenante of the Towre ridinge after them, and so brought them afore
the Kinges Counsell syttinge in the Starr Chambre at Westminster ;
and after they ware comytted to the custody of divers lordes and
gentlemen to keepe. And the 22 of December, beinge Fryday, Death of the
tydinges was brought to the Kynge that the Scottishe Kinge was i^ beinge
deade, 1 which was in companye with the sayd lordes at there entringe the Kinges

neve,

a John Graham, fourth Earl of Monteith.

b John Leslie, son of George Leslie, fourth Eurl of Rothes.

c Robert, fifth Lord Maxwell.

d John Maitland, of Achin.

c John Carmichaell, Captain of Crawford Castle.

f William Monteith, Laird of Kerse.

s Patrick Hepburn, of Waughton.

h David Keith.

James V. of Scotland, nephew to Henry VIII. died December 14th, 15-12.

140 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1542-3. into Inglande, and lieringe of the greate losse that he had, and also
for feare flyinge in such hast, toke such a thought and sykenes that
he dyed therof, a and also his sonnes dyed also. b And the Queene
of Scottes beinge with chylde, for sorrowe traveled, and was brought
to bed with a may den chylde. c

On Sainte Johns day, d in Chrismas weke, the sayd Lordes of

Scotelande went to the Courte at Grenewich to the Kinge, and there

had greate chere, and went before the Kinge to the chapell, and had

lodginges prepayred in the Courte for them. And also weare

sworne to the Kinge to sett forth his Majestis tytle that he had to

the realme of Scoteland to the uttermost of their powres e at thire

commynge wholme, f and so the 30 of December they departed from

the Corte; and, the last day of December, 8 of the chefest of them

dyned with my Lord Mayre of London % and the rest with the

[A.D. 1543.] shrives, h where they had greate chere ; and the first day of January

they departyd from London and rode to dyner to the 1 [princes

at Enfield], which they rejoysed greatly to behoulde ; and so

departed to Carlyll, whare they remained tyll there pledges

came, k makinge great chere and highly praising the Kinges

a Upon hearing the news of the Scots defeat at Solway Moss, James became
depressed in mind, and sank rapidly with a slow fever.

b Mary of Guise had borne him two sons, but they had both died in infancy the

year before.

c The unfortunate Mary Queen of Scots was born seven days before her father s
death, who, upon being informed of the event, is said to have muttered with his last
breath, " The crown came with a woman, and it will go with one."

d 27th December.

e This can hardly be correct. They were to further the marriage of the young
Prince of Wales with the infant Princess of Scotland.

f For " home."

s Sir John Cootes.

h Henry Habberthorne and Henry Amcotes.

1 Blank in MS. They visited the infant Prince Edward at Enfield.

k They were not suffered to cross the Scotch border until they had delivered to the
Duke of Norfolk hostages for their return, in case the intended nuptials were not
completed.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 141

Majestie of the greate benevolence shewed unto them not as A.D. 1543.
prysoners but as frindes. a

This winter, by reason of the wett sommer, that wood could not be Wood skant
carryed for the high flowdes to the watter syde, wood was so skante a
in London that a thousand byllettes ware soulde for a marke and 16s.
the m 1 . 13 and coles also was sold for I2d. and I4.d. the sacke.

Also this yere, by reason of the greate cold and frost, Lentton Fish dere.
vitalles ware excedinge dere, as saltfyshe with other salt meates, c
so that the mayre and aldermen ware fayne to seet wardens of
divers Companyes to kepe the markettes in Fyshe Streate, Stockes,
and Old Fyshe Streate, and to see the people served at reasonable
penyworthes, after ther discretions.

Also at Ester, by reason of the greate morren of cattell the last Dere vittelles.
winter, fleshe was exceedinge dere and skant, and specyally rnottons
and lambes, which ware at unreasonable pryses, as a quarter of
motton at 2s. and 2s. 4d. and a lambe at 3s. and 3s. 4d. which was
skant worth 16 d.

Also this yere, against the feast of Ester, d at a courte of aldermen An order for
kepte in the Gylde Hall the 20 day of March, 1542[-3], yt was in the mayre
enacted by the mayre and his bretheren that the mayre and shrives and sliriv es

howscs

should have and be served but with one course at diner and supper
in thire howses, the mayre to have but 7 dishes at the moste at
dinner or supper at one messe for his owne table, and the shrives
but 6 dishes, and every alderman lykewise in their howses, uppon
payne to forfayte for every dyshe above 6, 40s. for every tyme he
or they offende contrary to the sayd Acte; and allso that the
sergeauntes and yeomen of their houshouldes should have but three
dishes at dinner or supper, savin ge the swordebearers messe to have
one dishe more ; and further that the mayor nor his brethren should

a Henry bestowed on them their liberty without ransom, only requiring of them
engagements to favour the marriage of the Prince of Wales with their young
mistress. b Mille or thousand.

c A proclamation was made on the 9th February, whereby the people were licensed
to eat white meats in Lent, but strictly forbidden the eating of flesh. Stow.

d Easter Sunday this year fell on the 25th of March.

142

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1543.

[Anno Reg. 35.]

An armye sent into
Erance.

Irishe Lords.

Recantinge at Paules
Crosse.

from the sayd feast of Easter, by the space of one yeare, buy nether
crane, swanne, nor bustard, upon payne to forfayte for every one
by them to be bought 20s. to be tryed by their oath yf it be

presented. a

This yeare the Emperour and the Kinge were jointly fixed
togither to warre on the French Kinge ; wherupon the Kinge in the
moneth of June sent certeine souldiers over to Callis and Guynes b to
the number of 8,000 or more, whereof Sir John Wallope was
captaine; and there went out of London at the cities charge 100 c
persons, 30 bowemen and 70 billemen,, whereof Charles Haward d
was captaine, and Thomas Underbill, one of my lord mayors
sergeantes and carver, was their pettie captaine, which sayd 100
men were put to the charge of 30 craftes of the citye.

This yeare, the first day of July, the Lord Obmne, 6 of Ireland,
and the Lord Mat Williams f were created earles at Grenewich, and
Sir Done-a-Brune & was made a lord, and had given them great
gyftes by the Kinge.

Allso, the 8 of"julye, 1542 h [1543], beinge Reliques Sonday,
three persons recanted at Paules Crosse, one called Thomas Beacon,
alias Theodore Basill, Wysedome, Curate of Aldermary, 1 under
Doctor Cromer, k and one Shingleton, all three preistes ; and the
sayd Thomas Beacon cutt in peeces at his sayd recantinge 1 1 bookes

a i. e. the accused to have the liberty of purging himself by oath.

b Guisnes.

c The MS. thus: " c," before which is a 2 in fainter ink, apparently incorrectly

inserted afterwards.

d Eldest son of Lord William Howard.

e Murrough O Brien, brother of the great O Brien, whom he succeeded in 1540,
was created Earl of Thomond in 1 543.

f Ulick Bourke became Me William in 1536, and was created Earl of Clanricarde

in 1543.
e Donough O Brien, eldest son of Conochor, the great O Brien, was created Lord

Ibracken in 1543.

11 1542 in MS. but an error for 1543.
* St. Mary the Virgin, Aldermanbury.
k Dr. Edward Crome.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 143

which he had made and caused to be printed, wherein was certeine A.D. 1543.
heresyes.

This yeare, the 12 of Julye, Lady Katharine, late wyfe of the Lord A newe Quene.
Latimer, lately departed, and sister of the Lord Parre, was proclaymed
Quene and marryed to the Kinges Majestye at Hampton Courte. 3

This yeare, the 28 of July, were burnt at Windsore 3 persons:
one Anthony Persons, preist, another called Testwode, b beinge a
singinge man of the colledge, and a taylor of the same towne, which
were heretickes and sacramentars. c

This yeare. the 3 of August, proclamation was made in London Proclamation

^-J <* / ,

,

for open warre betwene the Emperour and the Kinge against the **

French Kinge, as mortall enemie to them and all Christen Princes,
he havinge ayde of the Great Turke. d

This yeare, at the Parliament kept at Westminster, it was A subsidie
graunted to the Kinges Majestie a subsidie of the temporalty, to be K^Q o
paid in three yeres next ensueinge, in manner and forme followinge, temporaltie.
that is to say: that every person and orphane beinge worth in
goodes 205. and under 51. shall pay 4d. of the ; and every person
and orphane beinge worth 51. and under 10/. shall pay Sd. of the
; and every person beinge worth 10/. and under 20/. shall pay
I6d. of the ; and every person being worth 20/. and so upwardes,
shall pay 25. of the ; and every straunger beinge borne out of the For straungers
Kinges obeysance, as well denizon as other inhabitinge within this
realme, shall pay, of every some above rated, double mony that

a Katharine Parr married, first, John Nevill, Lord Latimer, but, becoming a widow
in 1542, married, the next year, King Henry VIII. whom she survived, and had for
her third husband Thomas Lord Seymour.

b Robert Testwood.

c Sacramentarians or Protestants. It is somewhat singular that Henry should
have continued to persecute the Protestants after his marriage with Katharine Parr,
who is said to have been well versed in the new learning, and a sincere convert to
Protestantism.

d The Emperor and Henry agreed to require Francis to renounce his unholy
alliance with the Great Turk, and upon his refusal made that a cause of hostilities,
the real object being to compel him to give security for the more punctual payment
of his tributary pensions to his Majesty of England.

144

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1543.

For landes.

For landes of
straungers.

Fraternities
moveables.

Fraternities
landes.

Payment for
the first yeare

A subsidie
graunted to
the King of the
spiritualtie.

Englishe men pay; and allso, that every alien and straunger borne
out of the Kinges dominions, beinge denison and not denison, from
the age of 16 yeares and upwarde, not beinge contributory to the
rate aforesayd, shall pay for every polle 4d. the master with whom
he dwelleth, to be charged with the same for lacke of payment; allso
every person borne within the Kinges obeysance, beinge worth in
landes, fees, anuities, or other yerely profites, of the valewe of 20s.
and under 51. shall pay 8d. of the ; and from 51. to 10/., I6d. of
the ; and from 101. to 20L, 2s. of the ; and from 201. and
upwarde, 3s. of every pounde.

And every straunger borne of the Kinges obeysance havinge
lande, fees, an uy ties, or other yerely profits, shall pay, of every
somes above rated, double the mony that Englishemen doe.

And, allso, that all corporations, brotherhoodes, fraternities, or
commonalties, beinge corporate or not corporate, shall pay for
coine, plate, or jewelles, beinge in theyr rule or custody e, of every
under 5., Sd. of the ; and from 51. to 10., \6d. of the ; and
from 10/. to 201.., 2s. 8d. of the ; and from 201. and upwarde, 4s.
of every .

Allso the sayd corporations, brotherheades, fraternities, or com
monalties, havinge in landes under 51. shall pay I6d. of the ; and
from 51. to 101., 2s. Sd. of the ; and from iOL to 201. for every
, 4s. ; and from 201. upwarde, 6s. of the .

Theise payements to be payd in 3 yeares ; that ys to say, the one
halfe of every somme to be payd the first of the sayd 3 yeares into
the Kinges Exchequer the 6th daye of Februarye, and the other
halfe to be payd in 2 yeares next after the fyrst yeare, after the rate
of every somme.

This yeare, allso, the prelates and cleargie of this realme graunted
the Kinges Majestic a subsidie of 6s. of the , to be paid of theyr
benefices and perpetuities in 3 yeares next comminge, that is to say,
every yeare 2s. of the of their sayd benefices and perpetuities,
which sayd paymentes shall be levyed but of the 9 partes of theyr
sayd benefices, because they pay yearely the 10th parte to the

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 145

Kinge, and every priest havinge noe perpetuity, but receivinge an A.D. 1543.
annuall stypende, shall pay yearly during the sayd three yeares
6s. 8d.

This yeare allso there was an Acte made at the Parliament for For the use of

the advauncement of true religion and for the abolishment of the ^r e ?

Englishe.

eontrarye, wherein is conteyned what persons shall read the Byble a
in Englishe, and how they shall use yt, and allso divers bookes
condempned by the sayd Acte, and a newe booke made b by the
Kinge and his cleargie which the lay people should reade, c and
puttinge away all other erronious and hereticall bookes, as more
at large appeareth in the sayd Acte or lawe.

This yeare the Emperour d made warre on the Duke of Cleve/
and subdued his lande and had the Duke prisoner; but at last he
had his pardon, and was under the jurisdiction of the Emperour.

This sommer was great death in the citie of London and the
suburbes of the same, wherefore the Kinge made proclamation in
the Courte that noe Londoner should come within 7 miles where
the Kinge lay, so that yf any man came from London into the
country they could get no lodginge, and the tearme of Michaellmas
was proroged till Crastino Animarum*

This yeare the mayor punished many harlotes of the stewes by

* It was enacted in Parliament, shortly after the appearance of the King s book,
that the Bible should not be read in public, nor in any private families except such
as were of noble or gentle degree; the opening of the book being made an offence
to be punished by one month s imprisonment in the case of artificers, apprentices,
journeymen, servants, women, and all other persons of low degree.

b Entitled " A necessary doctrine and erudition for any Christian Man." This
book, which was called the "King s Book," differed materially from the "Insti
tutions of a Christian Man," published six years before, and now called the
" Bishops Book."

c Cranmer was obliged to order that the " King s Book," which contained the
dogmas he most detested, should be published in every diocese, and followed by
every preacher as an infallible rule.

d Charles V.

e William Duke of Ravenstein became Duke of Cleves and Juliers in 1539.

f November 3rd.

CAMD. SOC. U

146

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

Death of the
Mayor of
London.

J\.D. 1543-4. dobbinge a in the Thames on a cookinge stoole b at the Thre Cranes
in the Vintre.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 35.

This yeare the mayor tooke his oath at the Tower.

[A.D. 1544.] The tearme c kept at St. Albons, and from thence to Westminster
at Hilarye tearme.

Memorandum : That on Candlemas daye d my lord mayor, Mr.
Bowyer, was made knight at Westminster by the Kinge.

This yeare, at the Parliament holden at Westminster, the lone, 6
which was prest to the Kinge in the 34th yeare of the Kinges
Majesties raigne, was given the Kinge by Aote of Parliament/

Memorandum: The 13 daye of Aprill, 1544, Sir William
Bowyer, knight, then beinge mayor of the citye of London,
departed this lyfe at 8 of the clock at night, that daye beinge
Easter daye.

The 17 day of Aprill, beinge Thursday in Easter weeke, the
aldermen and commons assembled in the Guy Id Hall for the election
of a newe mayor, where they chose Sir Eaufe Warren, knight,
beinge once mayor before, to serve out the yeare of the sayd Sir
William Bowyer, and immediately was sworne in the Court of

4

a An old form of the word " ducking ;" thus we find " dobchick," a small water
fowl of the duck kind.

b Cucking-stool, a kind of chair fastened to a long pole, turning on a swivel, to
duck scolding or disorderly women in the water.

c Michaelmas Term, 1543, was adjourned to St. Alban s on account of the plague
then raging in London.

d February 2nd.

e The King s officers having obtained returns which showed the value of each
man s estate, Henry addressed a royal letter to every person rated at-50Z. per annum
and upwards, requesting a certain sum by way Of loan. To refuse being dangerous,
in most cases the King got the money he asked for, and then he made Parliament
vote him a grant of all the money so raised, as well as whatever sums he had
borrowed from any of his subjects since the thirty-first year of his reign.

f 35 Henry VIII. cap. 12.

e In 1536.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 147

Hastings a for the office of mayralitye. And the 21 day of Aprill A.D. 1544.

the sayd Sir Eaufe Warren tooke his oath at Westminster, the O nno Re S- 36 -l

craftes goeinge before him; and after dinner the sayd newe mayor

went in blacke to the buryinge of the ould mayor, the aldermen in

violet, and all his officers in blacke of the ould mayors gyfte, which

sayd ould mayor was honourably buryed, and had a goodly hearse

of waxe.

The 30 day of Aprill, 1544, Sir Thomas Awdley, knight, Lord Death of the Lord
of Walden and Chancellour of England, my late lord and master,
departed this worldly lyfe at his place of Christes Church, in
London.

The seconde day of Maye Sir Thomas Wrothesley, knight. Lord Newe Lorde

Ghauncellour
Wrothesley, was sworne Chauncellour of England in the Chauncery

at Westminster Hall.

Allso this yeare, by reason that wheate and other graine was very A prest for wheate.
skant in England, and like to be at high prices, the mayor and
aldermen had a prest of a M I. of the commons of the citie of London,
which was gathered of the craftes for wheate that came out of
Danske and Brembreland, b which Sir William Bowyer had provided
for in his tyme after 13s. 4d. or 14s. per quarter for payment,
whereof the Chamberlaine of London made bondes to every crafte
to be repaid againe at Michaelmas next comminge.

This yeare the 22 day of May, beinge Assention day, there were Victorie of the Scots,
great fyers made in the citye of London and the suburbes, and wine
set in divers places of the citie, for the victorie that the Kinges
Majesties armie c had in Scotland, and the morrowe after there was
a sermon made in Pawles to the laude of God and prayse of the
Kinges Majestic, with Te Deum songe, and after a generall pro
cession.

a The Court of Hustings was held in the Guildhall, and in it pleas of land and
real property were sued, wills enrolled, &c. It still exists, but is not much used.
Vide Norton s " Franchises of London."

b Danzig and Bremen.

c Under the Earl of Hertford and Sir Ralph Evers.

148

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1544.

Men found to
the Kinges
warres in
London.

Noe watche
kept at Mid-
sommer.

Recantinge of
Haywarde.

A prest to the
Kinge.

The Letanie in
Englishe.

The Kinge
landinge at

Callais.

Allso this yeare the city of London were set to finde to the
Kinges Majestic for his warres in Fraunce 500 men, which was borne
amonge the craftes of the sayd citye at theyr owne costes and charges.

This yere allso the Kinge would have no watch kept at Mid-
sommer because the city had bene divers ways charged with men
toward his warres.

The 6 day of July Hayward recanted his treason at Pawles
Crosse, which had bene afore condempned to death and brought to
be layd on the hardell for denyinge the supremacye of the Kinges
Majestic against the Bishop of Rome. a

Allso this yeare in June the Kinges Majestic demaunded of the
citizens of London by way of prest 20,000/., b which was levied of
the aldermen and head commoners of the citie, for the which the
sayd aldermen and citizens had certeine landes by patentes graunted
to them and theyr heires, or elles to be repayed againe at the yeares
ende.

After this there was 3,000/. and more levyed of the citizens that
had not bene sessed at the prest of 20,000^., so that he that payd
least lent 10/., for which they allso had landes.

This yeare the Kinges Majestic afore his goeinge over into
Fraunce set forth a Letanv in Englishe, which he commaunded

V O

should be songe in every parishe church through England, which
was the Godlyest hearings that ever was in this realme.

This year allso the Kinges Majestic tooke his journey into
Fraunce c in the moneth of July, and landed at Callais the 14 day

a During the last four years of Henry s reign executions for religion became less
frequent. It is said that only twenty-four persons were put to death for this cause,
fourteen of them being Protestants, who were burned, the other ten Papists, or
Recusants on the subject of the Supremacy, who were hanged.

b The King borrowed of the twelve Livery Companies of the City the sum of
21,2G3Z. 6*. 8^. upon a mortgage of Crown lands.

c Henry, having entered into a league with the Emperor Charles V. against
Francis I. left Katharine Parr regent, and passed over to Calais with 30,000 men,
accompanied by the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, and many of the nobility and
gentry.

wonne.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 149

of the same raonetli, at 4 of the clock in the afternone, where he A.D. 1544.
was honourably received of the Staplers.

This yeare, the 13 of September, 1544, the towne of Bulleine Bulleine
was given up to the Kinges Majestie, a and the 14th day the French
men departed out of the towne, with as much goods as they might
carye both men and women, b besyde that the waggons carryed, and
the Kinges Majestic entred the sayd towne the 18 of September
with great tryumphe; c and the 20 day there was a solempne generall
procession kept at Pawles, with Te Deum songe, for the victorye
of the Kinges Majestic, and many fyers made in the citie, and so
after in every part of the real me.

The last daye of September the Kinges Majestie landed at
Dover d at midnight ; and the thirde daye of October the Bishop
of London in his pontificalibus beganne Te Deum in Pawles, which
was songe for the good returne of the Kinges Majestie, and generall
procession after.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 36.

This yere, the 14 of November, there was one Eobert Silvestre,
yeoman, borne in Northamptonshire, set on the pillorie in Cheape
by the commaundement of my Lord Chauncellour and other of the
Kinges Counsaill, and was burned with a hot iron in the cheeke
with a letter of P., and after had his eare cut of hard by the head,
and had written on a paper set on his head, " For misusinge of the

a Boulogne, being besieged by Henry in person, surrendered after a siege of two
months through the cowardice of Vervin, the governor, who was afterwards beheaded
for this dishonourable capitulation.

b The number of all the men of war within the town that were strong and able to
serve were, of horsemen 67, of footmen 1,563, of hurt men 87, of women and children
1,927, beside a great number of aged and sick persons, not able to depart with the
rest. Stow.

c Eymer gives Henry s own journal of this expedition, which is a curious
document.

d Having garrisoned Boulogne, and destroyed the church of " Our Ladye " there,
Henry returned to England sorely impoverished, and deserted by his ally the
Emperor, who had concluded peace with Francis on his own account.

150 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1544. Kinges commission and powelinge a of his subjectes," which the
sayd person had done at Rigate, in Surrey.

This yere, allso, the 3 d day of December, there was set on the
pillorye in Cheape these persons followinge ; Richard Potter,
esquire, Richard Stitisborne, gent., Michell Weston, gent., John
Casymghurst, yeoman, Michell Haward, yeoman, Richard Deacon,
yeoman, and William Potter, gent., and they had written over
every mans head, " For willfull perjurye and other develishe
abhominations," and every one of them was burned in the left
cheeke with a letter P. with a hot yron, and after cut of the right
eare of every one of them, and then sent to prison, all which sayd
persons had done in Kent and Surrey, which partes they dwelled
in, many develishe actes, as burninge of woodes, colepites, and
frames of houses, stealinge and stroyinge mens pondes of fishe,
cuttinge the barkes of trees, cuttinge beastes tongues out of their
heades, cuttinge of the tayles of horses, cuttinge of mens eares
and makinge of rymes, b with other abhominable actes, for which
causes they had the sayd execution, and allso were set to fyne to
the Kinges Majestic in theise somes followinge, that is to saye:
Richard Potter to pay to the King 1,000/., which sayd Potter might
spend in lande 700., and of good substaunce of his moveables;
Richard Statisbornes fyne 400/., Michell Weston 100., John
Casinghurst 200 markes, Michell Hay ward 40 markes, Richard
Deacon 40 markes, William Potter 201, ; and over all this they had
judgement to suffer lyke execution in theyr country es againe on

a Pilling or peeling, from the French. " piller ; " from which is also derived " pillage."
b The making of rhymes or political squibs was ranked as a species of treason in
ancient times, and was not unfrequently punished with death; thus in the third
year of Richard III. we read in Arnold that Wylliam Colyngbourne was arraigned
in the Guildhall " for a rhyme which was laid to his charge, that he should make in
derision of the King and his Council, as f olloweth :

* The catte, the ratte, and Lovell our dogge,

Rulyth all Englande under a hogge.

By which was meant that Catisby, Ratclyffe, and the Lord Lovell, ruled the land
under the King, who bore the white boar for his conysance." For the which he was
put to a most cruel death at Tower Hill.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 151

the other cheeke and eares, and after that to remaine in prison till A.D. 1544-5.

they had payd theyr fynes, and allso satisfy inge all such persons as

they had done hurt unto; and there was one Gyles Crowe, gent.,,

which was not set on the pillorye, which had lyke judgment, and

was set to fyne to the Kinge 200/., with recompence allso to the

parties.

This yeare, after 12 tyde, a the Kinge demaunded of his subjectes, [A.D. 1545.]

both spirituall and temporall, both in the court and allso throughe A benev }ence

| * given to the

the whole realme of England, a benevolence b towardes his great Kinge.

charges of the warres which he had with Fraunce and Scotland,
which was graunted him volente, nolente, after the rate of 2s. in
the pounde, after the rate as men payd to the Kinges subsidie.
My Lord Chauncellour, Duke of Suffolke, with other of the Kinges
Counsaill, sat at Baynardes Castle for the citie of London, callinge
all the citizens of the same before them, beginninge first with the

mayor and aldermen ; and because Mr. Richard Rede, alderman, Mr. Rede se nt

i j J.T L i i 3 j r ~i n to the warres

would not agree to pay as they set him, he was commaunaed. [_onj c in g co tiande.

paine of death to make him readye to serve the Kinge in his warres
in Scotland/ and departed from London the 23 of January, 1544-5.

Allso Sir William Roche, knight and alderman, for wordes of Mr. Eiche,

1 ,3

displeasure e taken by the Kinges Counsaill, was sent to the Fleet ^t
the 26 of January from Baynardes Castle, the mayor of London Fleete
with most parte of the aldermen and 12 commoners of divers craftes
beinge there present with them afore the counsaill, where he re-
mayned prisoner till Passion Sonday after. f

The 8th day of February Mr. William Laxton, mayor, was

a Twelfth-tide, the twelfth day after Christmas, or Epiphany.

b The English people, who had made a spirited resistance to this illegal mode of
raising money in the time of Cardinal Wolsey, were now fain to submit and pay.

c Omitted in MS.

d Alderman Reed was taken prisoner by the Scots in the very first engagement,
and was made to pay a heavy ransom.

e Alderman Roach, for protesting against the illegality of the benevolence, was
accused of using uncivil and seditious words to the Commissioners.

f When he purchased his liberty from the King.

152 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545. presented to the Kinges Majestic at Westminster, and the Kinges

Majestie gave him and the aldermen great thankes for the bene

volence to him by them given, and further desyred them to give

thankes to God for the victorye that his Majestie had of his enemies

Victorie afore the Frenchmen lyinge at campe before Bulleine, a which was done

FreSment 6 on Thursday, the 5th daye of February, by the Earle of Hartford

campe. and my Lord Admirall, which had but 5,000 men against 14,000

Frenchmen, wherof a great nomber were slayne and taken, and the

rest put to flyght, and all theyre tentes, treasure, ordinance, and

vittles taken, and Monsier le Bees, b their captaine, sore hurt, and

hardly escaped; and after this, spoken by the Kinges Majesties

owne mouth, he made the mayor a knight.

A false miracle This 8th day allso, stoode at Pawles Crosse a preist, with a broad

faynedbya sto ] e Q f ^ nen c i oatn couloured with drops like bloud, about his

TlVPlSTP

necke, which was given him in pennance, by my Lord Chauncellour
in the Starre Chamber, for fayninge and counter fey ting a miracle
that he woulde had [been] done whilest he was at masse, and
pricked his finger, that the bloude dropped on the corporasse c
and aulter, so that he woulde have made men beleve that the hoste
of the body of Christ, by him consecrated, had bledde, and allso he
quaveringe and shakinge at the tyme of consecration ; all which he
openly declared at Pawles Crosse.

The 10th daye of February, the Commons were assembled at
the Guyld Hall for choosinge a newe Burges of the Parliament in
the stead of Sir William Rooche, where was a writt read, that Sir
William Roche should be put out for certeine causes by him done
touchinge the Kinge and his Crowne, he then beinge in prison in
the Fleete for the same; and that day was chosen for him Sir
William Forman, knight and alderman, for the next Parliament.

a The six-and-twentieth of January there camped on the west side of Boulogne,
beyond the haven, an army of French to the number of 14,000, where they lay ten
days; and the sixth of February were put to flight by the Earl of Hertford and Sir
John Dudley, Lord Admiral, then being deputy of Boulogne. Stow.

b Oudart du Biez, Marshal of France, and late Governor of Boulogne.

c Corporas was the old name of the corporale or communion-cloth.

WUIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 153

The 13th daye of February there stode on the pillory in Cheape A - D -
a preist for false accusing a of certaine gent, of the West parte of P]f set on

TX -I . . . * e pi^ory and

England, and was burned on his right cheeke with a letter F, and burned in both
on the left cheeke with a letter A, and had written over his head cbeekes -
for false accusation," which judgment was given him by my Lord
Chauncellour and the Kinges Counsaill in the Starre Chamber.

Allso this moneth was one set on the pillorye in Cheape for
bringinge a mayde to an Esterlinges b chamber, which the sayd person
had intysed from her mistres and conveyed her away on Candlemas
Day in masse tyme, which judgment was given him by the mayor
and aldermen.

This yeare, in the bcginninge of March, was a rode made by
Englishmen into Scotland toward the towne of Gedy worth, 6 where
the Englishmen at the first gatt great prayes; but they were so
greedy and went so farre that a great army of Scots besett them
rounde about in 3 battles, d so that the most part of the Englishmen
were slayne and taken, 6 amongst whom Sir Raufe Evers, Lord
Evers, Lord of the Marches, was slaine, and Mr. Rede, Alderman of Mr K j

London, taken prisoner by the Scots ; but a great nombcr of Scots alderman,

-, taken prisoner

were slayne. ])y the Scots.

This yeare, the 18th day of March, one Hugh Weaver, a fish- ^ fishmonger
monger and servaunte by covenaunt with Raufe Surbot, fishmonger, whipped,
was whipped at a cartes arse about London, with a paper set on his
head, for misusinge the mayor at the stockes and strykinge his

n In this same year Stow was in great danger by reason of a false accusation
given in against him by a priest; but the priest s perjury, either against him 01
some other, a*t length was discovered, and met with its due desert; the priest
being adjudged in the Star Chamber to stand upon the pillory, and have his cheek
marked with F. A. for false accusing. Life of Stow, by John Strype, prefixed to his
Survey of London, ed. 1754.

b The Easterlings were a company of merchants trading to North Germany and
the Baltic.

c Tbe ancient parishes of Jedworth and Old Jedworth now form part of Jedburgh.

d Battalions.

6 At the battle of Ancrum Moor on the Teviot.

CAMD. SOC. X

154

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.r>. 1545.

[Anno Reg. 37.]

Lord Ohauncellours
sonne christened.

Trinitie tearme
rejourned.

The Kinges letters
patents sent for Mr.
Jarvis, Alderman.

officer in the open market when he was for his misbehaviour com-
maunded to warde ; and allso had after that longe prisonment in the
counter for the same.

This year, on St. Georges day, a 1545, Sir Thomas Wriothesley,
Lord Chauncellour of England, was made Knight of the Garter
at St. James by Westminster, and the morrowe, beinge St. Markes
Even, b he had a sonne christned at St. Andrewes in Holborne
with great solempnity, the Kinges Majestie godfather; the Erie
of Essex, deputye for the Kinge; the Duke of Suffolke the other
godfather; my Lady Mary c godmother at the christninge ; and
the Earle of Arundell godfather at the bishopinge; d the name
Henry.

This yeare, in Maye, Tryriity tearme was adjourned because of
the warres; but the Exchequer and the Courte of the Tenths 6 were
kept open all the sayd tearme.

This yeare in Whitsonweeke the city of London set forth an 100
men to the seas by the Kinges commaundement toward his warres,
which was delivered at Deptford Strond by Grenewich.

The 30 of Maye, beinge Trmitye Sonday even, Sir Thomas
Parson, one of the Kinges Privie Chamber, brought to the Mayor
of London the Kinges Majesties lettres pattents for the discharginge
Mr. Richard Jarvis, mercer, for his aldermanship and all other
offices of the citie; whereupon counsaill had by the mayor and
aldermen they went on Corpus Christ! Daye f to the Kinge to
Grenewich, and there spake to his Majestie and his counsaill for the
same matter. And after that howe the sayd Richard Jarvis was
instructed by the Kinges counsayll or other his freinds, he came
againe to the Court of Aldermen the 3 of June, and so continued
alderman still; the citizens mervaylinge greatly that such a man as
he was of landes and goodes would procure such a thinge to the
yll president of other.

April 23rd.

The Princess Mary.

Court of Augmentation.

b April 24th.

cl Confirmation.

f Thursday after Trinity Sunday.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 155

The 8 day of June my Lord Mayor chose at the Grocers Hall A - D -

Mr. Barnes, alderman, sherifFe for the next yeare. 4 sherife ,

7 J chose at the

The 12 day of June my Lord Chauncellor, the Earle of Essex, Grocers feast.
the Lord Great Chamberlaine, the Bishop of Winchester, with other, The last
sat in the Guyld Hall in London for the last payment of the Kinges t h e su b s idie.
subsidye. where they charged the alderman of every warde with 2
other with them to call afore them all such persons within their sayd
wardes from 4:01. upward as by their bookes of the last seassinge
appeared, declaringe to them the Kinges affayres nowe concerninge
his warres by the seas and allso by land with Scotland and Fraunce,
and that this last payment should be payd out of hand, and they
that would not paye to make a note on theyr heades and to certifie
the same afore them againe the 10th day after, and allso that the
mony should be gathered and payd into the Kinges Exchequer by
the last day of this moneth, and to chose 2 of them that salt with
the aldermen in every warde to be collectors, and yinmedyately to
gather the mony out of hand.

The 13th daye of June were araigned in the Guyld Hall in Certeine
London one Robert Lukine, servaunt to Sir Umphrey Browne, one the sYxx/
of the Justices of the Kinges Benche, Anne Askewe, a gentlewoman, arti cles.
other[wise] called Anne Keyme, wyfe to one Mr. Keyme, gent, of
Lincolneshire, and Joan Sawtery, wyfe to one John Sawtery of
London, which sayd persons were endyted for sacramentaries by the
Acte of the 6 Articles for certeine wordes by them spoken against the
sacrament ; b but after theyr examination no witnes appeared for the
women but one against Lukine, which was Mr. Brownes servaunt,
which was supposed accused him rather of malice then otherwise ;
whereupon 12 honest and substantiall men of the citye of London
were charged, which founde all the sayd persons not guiltye of theyr

a Anne Askew was the second daughter of Sir William Askew, of Kelsey, in
Lincolnshire; she was married at an early age, as is said, against her will, to
Kymc, a rich neighbour, who had originally courted her elder sister.

b Being in London, Anne Askew not only spoke boldly against transubstantiation
and other Popish dogmas, but attempted to convert several of the ladies about the
Court, giving them books and tracts.

156

WllIOTIIESLEYS CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545.

Provision for
wheate.

Noe watche.

Tempest of
weather.

An armie out
of Eraunce.

endytement; wherefor they were discharged and quitte payinge
theyr fees. a

Allso one Thomas Daye, pewterer, Avhich 3 yeares past had been
condempned for auricular confession, and had ever since remayned
in prison in Newegate for the same, was this daye discharged by the
Kinges generall pardon graunted by Acte of Parliament since the
time of his condempnation.

Allso this moneth the Kinges Majestie sett forth newe prymers
in Englishe and all in Latine, which should be used thorough his
realmes and none other, as appeareth by his Injunctions set forth
within the sayd prymers.

This yeare was great dearth of corne and vitualles, wherefore
provision was made out of Danske and Bremberland, b which sayd
corne came to London this moneth to the nombre of 4,000 quarters,
wherefore certeine somes of mony was leavyed of the Companies of
the citye of London, which the Chamberlaine of London was bound
to repaye againe at All Hallowtyde next comminge.

This yeare, by reason the Kinge had tlire great armies, on the sea
one, another in Scotland, and the 3 d at Boloyne, there was no watch
kept at Midsommer in London but with constables in theyr wardes.

Allso, about the 25 day of June, was great tempest of winde in
Derbieshire, where trees were pulled up, the rootes upwarde, and
certeine chappelles and churches theheades c pulled up and broke,
and allso many howses in divers places, and allso in Cheshire and
Lancashire; also there fell haylstones as bigge as a man s fyste, and
had printes on them lyke faces and some lyke gunne holes.

About the 5th day of Julye the French Kinge sent a great army
toward Bulleine, which camped thereby, and our men skirmished
dayly with them ; but the 15th day of July, at a skirmishe, there
was slayne above 400 Frenchmen and not one Englishman.

This moneth the Frenchmen beganne to buyld over against Base

a This acquittal of Anne Askew is not mentioned by Fox.

Land about Bremen.

c Probably a mistake for " roofs."

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 157

Bulleine a blockhouse lykc " The olde mann," a with certeine bull- A.D. 1545.
warkeSj and trenched yt about; which shott into Bulleyne, Base
Bolleine, and " The olde man," but they did little hurte.

This moneth of Julye in the Citie of Paris, in Fraunce, was such A tempest in
a great tempest of thundringe and lightninge that 4 of the cheife Pans -
churches in Paris were set on fyre, and allso the great tower where
the French Kinges ordinaunce laye was broken downe; so that the
tempest was so vehement and terrible that they there thought the
day of dome had bene come; allso at Newehaven, in Brytaine, b at
the settinge forth of the Frenche Kinges navie, his great caryke,
called Kumpye La Conte, c by misfortune of fyre was burnte;
many lordes, ladyes, and gentlemen beinge in hir, with great
ordinance and substance and a million of goulde in hir, which was
to have payd his men of warre their wages, was burnt and lost, and
noe creature saved.

The 18th day of Julye, at 9 of the clocke at night, beganne a The Frenche
thunder and lightninge with sometime rayne, which continued all navie -
night till the next daye at 8 of the clocke in the morninge, and the
same day at afternoone all the Frenche Kinges navie came out of
Newehaven and Deepe and aryved on the coast of England in
Sussex, afore Brighthemstcd/ which were in nomber above 300
shippes, besydes 24 galleyes that they had; and there they sett
certeine of theyr souldiers a land to burne; but the beacons were
fyred, and the men of the country came downe so thicke that the
French men fled and did litle hurte.

The 19 day of Julye, by misfortune of shootinge a gonne in one of Men burnte in
the Hedghoges e afore Westminster, a firken of gonnepowder fyred }
which slewe 3 persons out of hande, 4 other sore burnt which shortly
after dyed, and another leapt into the Thames and was drowned.

a The Old Man was a tower standing without the town, which served as a land
mark to direct vessels entering the haven of Boulogne.

b Ilavre-de-Grace in Normandy.

c Du Bellay (Memoires, ed. Petitot, vol. iii. p. 563) calls it " le Carraquon," but
this appears to mean only " the great carrack."

(1 Brighton. e To which Stow adds the explanation, " a ship."

158 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545. The 20th daye of July the Mary Rose, one of the Kinges great

The Mary shippes, by great misfortune by leavinge the porte holdes open, as
Rose drowned. ri J fo J f r

she turned sanke, a and all the men that were in her, savinge a 4U,
were drowned, which were above 500 persons; Sir George Carowe, b
knight, captaine, which was drowned ; this was done before Fortes-
mouth haven . c
Frenche men The 21 day of July the French e galleys and navie came before

landed at the Portesmouth haven, and landed certeine of thevr armye in the Ylc
Yle of Wyght. T "11

of Wyght, and there burned and camped there about to the nomber

of 2,000 men, and came every tyde with theyr gallies and shott
theyr ordinaunce at the Kinges ships in the haven ; d but the winde
was so calme that the Kinges shippes could bear noe sayle, which
was a great discomfort for them.
An army out The 24 day of Julye the Citye of London sent 1,500 men toward

of London to Portsmouth, which mustred in St. Georges Feelde, the Under
Portesmouth. f

Chamberlaine and the Sword-bearer havmge the conduction of

them all; with allso to assist them an honest citizen was appointed
for every warde till they came to Portesmouth; but when they
were come to Farnarn they were returned home againe by the
Kinges commaundement, for the Frenchmen were gone out of the
Yle of Wyght, 6 and divers of them slaine and drowned/

a The French said that they had sunk her by their fire, the English that she had
gone down through great negligence, being overladen with ordnance, and having
her ports very low.

b Sir George Carew was a naval captain, councillor of Calais, and lieutenant of
"Ruisbank.

c A fleet of sixty ships of war was collected at Portsmouth under the flag of
Dudley Lord Lisle, High Admiral.

d Lisle, after a distant cannonading, retired into Portsmouth Harbour, where the
King then was.

c After holding a council of war the French admiral, Annebaut, determined to
defer the conquest of the Isle of Wight, as originally intended, and sailed away
towards Dover, landing occasionally to burn and destroy.

f In several instances, as at Newhaven, the Frenchmen got worse than they gave,
being soon driven away, with the loss of their captain and many soldiers, by the
inhabitants.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 159

For the settinge forth of the sayd souldiers there was levyed of A - D -

the citizens in every warde certeine sommes of mony after the rate Souldiers

J J mony.

of a 15th, which the alderman of every ward payd out of hand, and
after gathered againe of theyr wardes, and every souldier had payd
him at his setting forth in mony 3s., and at Farnara returninge to
London againe 2s. more to bringe them home.

This moneth of July were divers billes cast in the streates in Billes in the
London directed to the mayor of the same, declaringe in them of s
certeine preistes and straungers that would fyre the citye in divers
places, which billes the mayor shewed to the Kinges Counsaill.

The last daye of Julye, by the advice of the Kinges Counsaill, For watche
the Mayor of London sent preceptes to every alderman for keepinge a
a substantiall watche in every warde with honest househoulders,
and that in every warde every night one of the substantiall men of
the same warde should watche with the constable, beginninge at
V) of the clocke at nifrht and continue till 4 of the clock in the

<_/

morninge; allso to search all straungers houses, as well denisons
as not denisons, and to take from them all such harneis and other
munitions of warre as they had in theyr houses, and to keepe them
till such tyme as they had commaundement to deliver them againe;
allso that noe straunger should goe out of his house after 8 of the
clocke at night till 6 in the morninge, nor that they should not
company togither in the daye time in drinkinge at any alehouse or
taverne ; and allso to take the names of all straungers in every warde,
and such as resorted to them, and to certifye their names and such
armour as they had to the mayor with all hast possible, and, for
to see this watch well ordered and kepte, two aldermen or theyr
deputies should ryde about the citie every night till Michaellmas,
the mayor beginninge himselfe, which beganne this same night.

The 4th day of August the citie of London sent a 1,000 souldiers,
of gonners, bowemen, morris pykes, and billes, which mustered in
Finsbery feild, and there had every man a newe white coate, and
so went from thense to Tower wharfe, where they toke barges to
Gravesende, and to goe from thence to Dover. The Sworde-bearer

160

WKIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545.

Lord Poyn-
inges death.

Duke of Suf-
folkes deathe.

French em en
kepinge the

seas.

Trayport
burnt by
the Lord
Admirall.

and William Wever to have the conducting of them thither, and
everie man had paid him for his conduct money to Dover tow
shillinges six pence in money, and when they came there to enter
into the Kinges wages, which money was delivered to the Chamber-
laine of London by the Kinges Treasorer, and also 4s. for everie
cote.

This month of August a died at Bolleyne the valiant Captaine
Sir Thomas Poyninges, Lord Poyninges and Captaine of Bolleyne,
which had donne many great feates of armes against the Frenchmen,
for whose death great mone was made.

This moneth also died at Gilford the excelent Prince Charles
Brandon , b Duke of SuiFolke and Lord Great Master of the Kinges
Househould, whose death all true Englishmen maie greatlie lament,
which had been so valiant a captaine in the Kinges warres, booth
in Scotland, Fraunce, and Irelande, to the great dammage and
losse of the Kinges enemies, whose bodie was honorably buried at
Windsor at the Kinges costes.

This yeare, from the eightenth daie of Julie till the 23 th daie of
August, the French Kinges navie and galleies rowed upp and downe
the Narrow Seas, so that no passage [boat] came from Bulleyne and
Callis but by stelth in the night, c for the weether was so calme that
their was no wynde blowing; but at their retorning home the Kinges
navie mett with them, and had great shott of gonncs one against
another, with little hurte on either part.

The nynetenth daie of September Sir John Dudley, knight,
Lord Lislee, Lord Admirall of Englande, landed with six thousand
men at Trayport, in Bryttaine, d and their brent the towne and

* On the 18th August, 1545.

b The Duke of Suffolk, who was brother in-law of Henry VIII., having married
Mary, the King s sister, and dowager of Louis XII., died on the 22nd August, 1545.

c It was the object of the French admiral, having temporarily obtained the
command of the Channel, to prevent the English from victualling Boulogne, or from
sending reinforcements of ships from the Thames to Portsmouth.

d Treport in Normandy.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 161

abbey with certaine howses about it, and thirtie shippes, and a barke A.D. 1545
that laie in the haven, with losse of 14 Englishmen, and so retorned
into England againe to the great discompfort of the Frenchmen.

The 12th daie of September, about lower of the clocke in the St - Giles

,11 -I r n /~< i i s-i ^ ^ churche burnt,

morninge, the church of St. Giles without Cnplegate was espied on

fire, which church, with the steple and bells, was cleene burned
before seaven of the clocke in the same morning, the stone walles
onelie saved, which could not burne, by what meanes no man could
tell.

The 24th daie of September there was a solemnpe generall pro- A solempne

fronciriill

cession kept at Powles with a sermon, the bishoppe of London in procession.
his pontificalibus singing Te Deum, and after the procession, with
all the priestes and clarkes going in rytch copes, and 70 crosses of
silver gilt of the parishes of the cittie borne before them, which pro
cession was geaven to give laude and prayse to God for the victorie
that God had sent the Kinges Majestic in Scotland, and that the
French armie was departed from Bolleyne.

This yeare Sir John Allein, knight, died, which had bene tow A coller of
tymes major a of the cittie of London, and gave to the cittie, to the to the chd!?
use of the major for eaver, a rytch coller of gold to be [worn] yearelie
at his anyversarie, which collar Sir William Laxston, major, ware
first on Sainct Edwardes daie to the election of the new major.

The eightenth of October, being Sainct Lukes daie and Soun- Procession in
daie, Paules quire song the procession in English by the Kinges
injunction, which shall be song in everie parish church throughout
Englande everie Soundaie and festivall daie, and non other.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 37.

This yeare Sir John Baldwin, knight, Cheiffe Justice of the
Common Place, died in Octobre last; and the tenth of November
Sir Edward Montague, CheifFe Justice of the Kinges Bench,
was removed from that court and sworne CheifFe Justice of the
Common Place; and Sir Richard Listre, Lord CheifFe Baron of

a In the years 1525 and 1535.
CAMD. SOC. Y

162

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1545-6.

A new
Recorder in
London.

A perliament.

A subsidie.

For the

conduites.

[A.D. 1546.]

A woman
condempned of
treason.

the Exchequer, was made Serjeant at the lawe by writt, and
pleaded in Westminster Hall in all the courtes with the serjeantes
that daie, they being all in their robes of scarlett; and the tenth
daie he was sworne Cheiffe Justice of the Kinges Bench; and the
llth daie Sir Koger Cholmeley, knight, and Kecorder of London,
was sworne Lord Cheiffe Baron of the Exchequer.

The twelfe daie of November Mr. Robert Brooke, late commen
sergeante of the cittie of London, was sworne Recorder, and Mr.
Thomas Atkins, gentleman, was sworne commen sergeant.

The sevententh dale of Novembre Sir Richard Gressam, knight,
and Mr. Robert Brooke, were chosen knightes of the shire for the
Perliament for the cittie of London.

The Perliament beganne at Westminster the 23 th daie of
November/*

At this Perliament was granted to the Kinges Majestic a
subseidie of the spiritualtie of six shillinges the pounde, to be paid
in tow yeares, and another subsedie of the temperaltie, as faces b in
the booke of statutes.

This yeare, at a commen councell holden at the Guildhall, was
granted tow fiftenthes of the citizens to bring the water from
Hackney and Finesburie Fieldes into the cittie, which my lord
major made great haste to sett it forward.

The 13th daie of Februarie was arraigned at the Guildhall, in the
afternoune, one Johan Edling, wiffe of John Edling, purveyor for
the Kinges oxen, dwelling in Smithfield, for clypping of goulde,
and their had judgment to be drawen and brente; and the twentie-
sixth daie of Februarie she was ledd from the Towre of London to
Smythneld, and their bound to the stake to be brent. But then

a The 24th of November began a Parliament wherein was granted to the King a
subsidy of 2s. 8d. in the pound of goods and 4s. of land. Also all colleges,
chantries, and hospitals, were committed to the King s order to alter and transpose,
which he promised to do to the glory of God and the common profit of the realm. ~
Stow.

b appears.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 163

came one of my Lord Chauncelors gentlemen riding post., and A.D. 1546.
brought her pardon, and so she was saved.

This yeare, in Aprill, three aldermen, that is to say, Mr. John [Anno Keg. 38.]

Sadler, draper. Mr. Thomas Lewyn. ironmonger, and Mr. Richard Aldermen gave upp

ther cloakes.
Reede, salter, gave upp their clokes a by the assent of my lord

major and his brethren, which were discharged frelie without
paying any fine to the cittie.

The yeare, at Easter, the stewes b was putt downe by the Kinges The stewes putt
proclamation made there with a trumpett and an Harold at armes, as
apeareth by the same proclamation.

This yeare, in Maie, the Kinges shipps toke one of the French
galleis with great riches in her.

This yeare all manner of victualls was deere and at high prices, Provision for corne.
and wheate was solde at 27s. and 28s. the quarter, wherfore my
Lord Major, fearing great penurie, made provision of corne from
beyond seas, which corne came to London in June. And also the
Kinge charged the cittie to take twentie thousand quarters of
wheate and rye, which he had provided for his warres beyonde the
seas; wherfore my lord major was faine to levie great sommes of
money of the company of the said cittie for the payment of the same :
and also to restraine meale and corne from the said cittie till they
had uttred it, and sett all the mills, 7 en miles compasse about
London, to grinde the same.

This yeare, the 13th daie of June, being Whitsoundaie, was a A peace with France
solempne peace proclaymed within the cittie of London, d with pl
other ceremonies as hereafter folio weth; first, my lord major with
his brethren the aldermen assembled in the cathedrall church of
Paules, with all the citizens in their best lyveries; and, the high
masse being ended, there was a sermon made in the upper quire,

a Or gowns.

b The stewes on the banke side of the Thames, in Southwark. Stow.
c Sir Martin Bowes.

d By this treaty Henry agreed to restore to the French King the town of Boulogne
upon payment of 800,000 crowns within the next eight years.

164 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1546. afore the highe aulter, exhorting the people to give laud and prayse
to Almightie God for the contynuance of the same peace. The
sermon ended, Te Deum was songen within the quire, the bishopp
in his pontificalibus, with my lord major sitting in the deanes
stall, and the bishopp next him. Then a solempne procession, with
all their crosses and banners, of all the parish churches in London ;
the children of Paules schoule going formost with tow crosses
afore them, then all the other crosses following theim. Then the
clarkes of the parishes in rytch robes, all the priestes and curattes
following them in rych copes also. Then the quire with their
crosses and copes. Then the quire of Paules with their crosses and
copes, the bishopp of London a bearing the sacrament of the alter
under a rych canopie, bareheaded, his crosse and miter borne afore
him, with fower great branches of waxe and tow torches, going
about the sacrament, 1 my lord major and his brethren the alder
men, with their craftes of the cittie, followinge. The procession
waie c out at the north dore of Paules into Cheepe, by Sainct
Michaells at the Querne, d on the north side of Cheepe, and so by
Stolkes e and Cornehill, on the same side of London, to Leadenhall
corner, and so homewarde, on the south side, throughe Cheepe, and
then through Paules churchyarde, and comming in againe at the
west dore of Paules church.

The order of First assembled at Saint Magnus in Fish Streate the haroldes and
the proclama- . , , , , . f .

tion. shenves or London, where was made the nrst proclamation, 1 then

fower trumpettes riding in trump cowples, tow haroldes next in

a Edmond Bonner.

b This was the last show of the rich crosses and copes in London, for shortly after
they, with other the church plate, were called into the King s treasury and wardrobe.
Stow.

c Probably a clerical error for " went."

d The church of St. Michael s le Querne, in Cheapside, where the corn-market
was held, hence the church was called St. Michael s ad bladum, or at the corn,
"querne " signifying both " corn " and "mill."

e The Stokes or Stocks market was situated at the junction of Lombard Street and
Cornhill, on the site of the present Mansion House.

f Of the peace concluded with France.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 165

their cote armors, the Serjeant -at- armes of the cittie riding betwene A.D. 1546
them with his masse. Then Wyndsor, an harold, in his cote armor
following alone. Then Norrey and Clarentius a Kinges-at- Armes,
in their rych cotes of armes following ; then the tow shrives in their
Scarlett gownes with white roddes in their handes following ; and
so rode in order to Leadenhall corner, where was made the second
proclamation ; and so from thence through Cornehillinto Cheep beyond
the Crosse, where was made the third proclamation before my lord
major and his brethren; the procession standing still till the procla
mation was made their. Then throughe Ponies churchy eard, and
out of Ludgate to the conduite in Fleete Streete, and their proclaymed
last; Norrey Kinge-at- Armes reding the proclamation, and Kach b
Dragon the harold proclayming, a trumpett blowing first three
tymes, and after proclamation all the trumpettes blowing in everie
place, and so made an ende.

This night also was great fiars made in London in everie streete,
with banquetinge, and a great fiar made afore my lorde mayors c gate,
where he had sett a hogshed of wyne and another of spruce beare
with spice breade, with great pottes, one bottle of silver, and all
gilt of great wight, for all commers by to drinke as long as it
lasted.

The fowertenth daie of June, being Whitsonn Moundaie, dynned A sherife
at my lord majors the capteyne d of the fortresse by Bulleyne, with
other captaines of the French Kinges, wher they had a great and
sumptuous dynner, my Lord Cheiffe Baron and divers aldermen and
their wives, after the ould custome of this cittie at such highe feastes,
being their at dynner also ; and, to shewe the said captaine some
awthoritie of the major of London, my lord major did electe and
chose that daie when he was at waffers and ipocras Mr. Eichard

a Or Clarencieux, so named from this herald being attached to the Duke of
Clarence in the reign of Edward IV.
b Kouge Dragon.
c Sir Martin Bowes.
d Oudart de Biez, Marshal of France, and late Governor of Boulogne.

166 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1540. Jervis, mercer and alderman, for one of the sherives of London for
the next yeare followinge, taking a cuppe of ipocras in his hande,
and bringinge a his good lucke for one of the sherives which was
[at] b the borde present and his wyfFe also ; which thing donne, the
said captaine said he woold not for five hundred crownes but he
had scene the said order, thankinge hartelie my lord major for his
great cheere and pleasure he had shewed him.

A prettie order This yeare the watch was laid downe by a court of aldermen for
Eaven at" * eaver but m j l r d major rode on Midsommer Even " and " c Sainct
night. Peeters, having an hundred constables going before him well

apparayled, with their hensemen and cressett lightes, all my lord
majors officers and servantes in cassackes and jerkins of yellow
satten of Bruges, the three squires in yellowe damaske, the swerde
bearer riding in a cassocke of yellow velvett with a great chaine,
and my lordes footemen in doblettes and sloppes of yellowe vellvett,
with his armes embrodered on their breastes and backes, the tow
sherives and their officers followinge my lord major, and after them
fortie constables more with their cressitt lightes, which was a proper
sight, and all at the majors owne charges, saving the constables
lightes.

A contribution This yeare the Kinges Majestie, by reason of the great charges
of his warres that he had with France and Scotlande, with his new
buildinges at Bulleyne and other fortresses, he demanded and
gathered a contribution of his subjects through all his realme of
Englande, that is to saie, of everie parson being in goodes of the
value of 151. and upward, 2d. of the pounde, and of landes from fortie
shillinges upward, 4d of the pound, to be paid at the end of everie
moneth during five monthes, the first payment to begine and be
paid by the last daie of June next, and so fourth everie month till
the first daie of November next comminge.

The twentie-seaventh daie of June Dr. Crome preached at Paules

a Probably a clerical error for " drinking."

b Omitted in MS.

c Probably a clerical error for " to."

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 167

Crosse, and their recanted upon certaine articles that he had sett to A - D - 154 6.
his hand the 20th of Aprill last past, and should have recanted at a
sermon that he made at Paules Crosse the nynth daie of Maie,
which was the Soundaie next after Lowe Soundaie, and did not;
wherupon he was examyned before the Kinges Counsell, and
remayned ever synce in warde with one of the Kinges Councell till
this daie that he recanted and confessed that he had sett his hand to
the said articles. At which sermon was present Lord Wriothesley,
Lord Chauncelor of Englande, Duke of Norfolke, Lord Great
Master of the Kinges howseholde, with divers other of the Kinges
Councell, with the major and aldermen, and a great awdience of
people, and after his sermon he was discharged.

This Doctor Crome, after his comitting, while he was in warde at
Greenewych, in the court, under my Lord Chauncelor, accused
divers persons as well of the court as of the cittie, with other
persons in the countrey, which putt many persons to great troble,
and some suffred death after.

Also this month, after the peace, the Kinges Majestie christened The Kinge

the Dolphins chield; Sir Thomas Cheney, knight, and Lorde

Warden of the Five Fortes, being the Kinges debitey at the christ- chielde.
ning, which rode into France with a goodlie company, and was
there highlie receaved of the French Kinge.

The eigh tenth daie of June, 1546, were arraigned at the Guilde Certaine
Hall, for heresee, Doctor Nicholas Shaxston, sometyme bishop of arraigned for
Salisburie; Nicholas White, of London, gentleman; Anne Kerne,
alias Anne Askewe, gentlewoman, and wiffe of Thomas Kerne,
gentleman, of Lyncolneshire ; and John Hadlam, a of Essex, taylor ;
and were this daie first indited of heresie and after arraygned on the
same, and their confessed their heresies against the sacrament of the
alter without any triall of a jurie, and so had judgment to be brent. b
Theise persons being justices, Sir Martin Bowes, knight, lord major

a Other authorities call him John Adlams or Adams.
b For asserting their disbelief of the corporeal presence.

168 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1546. of London, the Duke of Norfolke, the Lord Great Master, 3 the
Bishopp of London, Doctor Heath, Bishopp of Worcestre, the tow
Cheiffe Justices of the Kinges Bench and Comen Place, the Lord
Cheiffe Baron of the Exchequer, the Master of the Rolls, the
Recorder of London, the Bishopp of Londons Archdeacon, Chaun-
celor, and Commissarie, and after judgement they were had to the
prison of Newgate.

The morrow after, being the nynetenth daie of June, Doctor
Shaxston b and Nicholas White, by the good exhortation and doctrine
of the bishopps of London and Worcestre and divers other doctors,
theise tow persons were converted from their heresie of the sacra
ment of the alter unto the true belief of the said sacrament; but
Anne Askewe, alias Kerne, was had to the Towre of London and
their sett on the racke, c where she was sore tormented, but she would
not converte for all the paine. d

, . The seventh daie of Julie was proclamation made in the cittie of

for bookes. London with a trompett and an harold-at-armes, with the serjeant-
at-armes of the cittie and one of the clarkes of the Papers, for
certaine Englishe bookes which containe pernitious and detestable
errors and heresies to be brought in by the last daie of August next
coming, the names be theise: the text of the New Testament of
Tindales or Coverdales translation : the bookes of Frith, e Tindalle/

a Of the King s household.

b He had borne the most wretched captivity and poverty, but he could not face
the stake.

c Torture, having been again introduced into English judicature, it was now almost
invariably applied to extort confession.

d She was tortured in the presence of the Chancellor Wriothesley and of Rich,
both of whom are said to have applied their own hands to the infernal instrument,
but without effect.

e John Frith, burnt in 1534 for his opinions on transubstantiation, and for his
book against the doctrine of purgatory.

f William Tyndale, who printed the first English translation of the New Testament
at Antwerp in 1526.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 169

Wyckliffe, Joy, a Roy, b Basiley, c Barnes, d Coverdale, 6 Tourner/ and A - D - 15i6 -
Tracye, which bookes after the bringinge unto the major or bishopp
shal be brent, as further by the said proclamation doeth appeare.

The twelfe daie of Julie were arraigned at the Guildhall for Certaine
heresey, John Hemley, priest, de Essex, John Lasell, g gentleman, arraigned for
one of the sewers of the Kinges chamber, and Georg Blage, gentle- heresie.
man, a man of faire landes, which said persons that daie were first
endited of heresie against the sacrament of the aulter, and ymediatlie
arraygned on the same, the priest and Lasceles not denying the
same their opinions but confessing them guiltie; and Mr. Blage
abode the triall of twelve men, for he was sent for to my Lord
Chauncelors but the night before, and this daie sent to Newgate
not halfe an howre or he was brought to the hall, nor knew not
wherfore he was taken, for he was never examyned before he came
to his arraignemente, where was witnes against him Sir Hugh
Calveley, knight, and Edward Littleton, gentleman, who accused
him for wordes spoken against the sacrament of the alter in Powles
Church the Soundaie next after Lowe Soundaie, which daie Doctor
Crome preached at Poules Crosse, and so was condempned by twelve
men, and all three had judgment to be brent, and after judgment
geaven they were commanded to Newgate; and this night Anne
Askew was brought by water from the Towre to Blackefriars, and
from thence caried in a chaire to Newgate by the sheriffes officers.

The sixtenth of Julie was brent in Smythfielde John Lassells, Heretikes
gent., Anne Kerne, alias Askewe, gentlewoman, John Hemley,

a George Joye.

b A satirist of Wolsey.

c Probably this refers to the " Answer that the Preachers of the Gospel at Basel
made for the True Administration of the Holy Supper," translated by Geo.
Bancrofte.

d Dr. Barnes.

e Miles Coverdale, who completed the first English version of the Bible.

f Probably William Turner, who wrote " A Preservative or Triacle against the
poison of Pelagius." There was also Cyril Tourneur, but he was a dramatic writer.

s John Lascelles.

CAMD. SOC. Z

170 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1546. priest, and John Hadlam, taylor, which fower persons were before
condempned by the Kinges lawes of heresie against the sacrament
of the alter; and there was present at the execution my lord major,
my Lord Chauncelor of England, the Duke .of Norfolke, with the
most part of the lordes, noblemen, and the Kinges Councell, with
the aldermen of the cittie of London ; and by the Kinges commande-
ment Doctor Shaxston, afore condempned as theise persons were,
preached there in Smythfield, declaring his error that he had bene
in of the said sacramente, and afier his reconciliation had the
Kinges pardon ; but theise fower persons died in their said erronious
opynions. Maister Blage, White, and Shaxston had their pardons
of the Kinges Majestie for landes, liife, and goodes.

Shaxston The first daie of August, the daie for the election of the sheriffes,

Paules^rosse anc ^ being Soundaie, Doctor Shaxston preached at Poules Crosse,
and their declared how he fell into the hereticall opinion of the
sacrament of the aulter, and of his reconciliation, which he declared
with weepinge eies, exhorting the people to beware by him, and
to abolish such hereticall bookes of English, which was the occasion
of his fall. And because he preached that daie at the Crosse the
election of the sheriffe was putt of till afternoune of the same
daie.

This said daie in the afternoune the major, aldermen, and
commons assembled at guild-hall for the election of the sheriffe,
and before the election by the court of aldermen Thomas Malbie,
fishmonger, for seditious wordes speaking to my lord major, was
dismissed of his lyverey, and hood taken from him in the councell
chamber, and further was bounde in recognisance in twentie poundes
to appere at the next court of aldermen, and to stand and obey all
such order for his disobedience as my lord major and his brethren
should awarde.

The election Also at a certaine councell holden the same afternoune, by the
mai or altered assent of m y l r( i major and aldermen with the commen councell,

to Michaelmas the election of the major was altered from Sainct Edwardes daie a
day.

a October 13th.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 171

to the dale of Sainct Michaell the Arkangell, and so from hens- A.D. 1546.
forwarde the said election to be the same daie, the major and
aldermen to dyne that daie with the olde sherive, which shall
save the major fortie poundes in expences that he was wonte to
spend on the said daie of Sainct Edwarde.

Allso the said afternoune was elect and chosen for sherive Mr.
Richard Jervis, alderman and mercer, whome my lord major had
chosen, according to the old auncient custome, for one of the
sherives, which the commons affirmed, and they chose for to be
associate with him Mr. Thomas Curteise, pewterer, which said
election the said Thomas Curteise refused, declaring his inhabilitie
of substance, by his othe which he would have taken the said tyme,
but wold not be accepted, but had daie geven him to be further
advised; wherupon he was divers tyrnes sent for to my lord majors,
and also afore the court of aldermen, but he would in no wise assent,
and so contynued till Michaelmas even, on which daie the sheriffes
take their othe at the Guildhall; wherfore all the commons were
assembled, and then he was called fourth to take his oth, the commens
still calling upon him, so that at the last with an evill will he tooke
his oth, and so was sheriffe, and he kept it in his owne howse, and
would not paint his howse nor chang it, saving the morrowe after
Michaelmas daie that he was charged in the Exchequer at West
minster to keepe his dynner at the Pewterers Hall.

This yeare, the eight daie of August, the Lord Admirall of The commiuge
France a came to Eone, b and prepared his shipps and galleis to 2* M o nsieur
come embassadour from the French Kinge into Englande, and High Admirall
the twentith daie of August the said Admirall came to Greene wych, of
with the Great Zacharie of Deepe and 14 galleies c richlie hanged
and laded with ordenance, and sett with pennons and banners of
divers colors, not one galley like another, the Kinges shipps lying

a Claude d Annebaut, the French Admiral. He was Governor of Normandy and
Marshal of France.
b Rouen.
c The Sacre of Dieppe and 12 galleys. Stow.

172

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 3546. from Gravesend to Detford, by Green wych, riclilie decked with
streamers and banners, which shott great and terrible shottes of
gonnes all the waie till he landed at Greenewych, and his galleies
shott also with the Zacharie great gonne shotts all the waie; the
Eiies of Darbie and Essex, with divers other lordes and gentlemen,
receaving him on the water at Blackewall into the Kinges new
privie barge, with trompettes blowinge on booth sides, and so
brought him to the Kinges place at Greenewych that night, which
was rychlie hanged, and there had banqueting for him and all his
lordes and gentlemen that night.

His receavinge The 21 th daie of August he came from Greenewych to London
by water, and dined in his owne galley, and landed at 11 of the
clocke in the forenoune at the Towre wharfe, and had great gonne
shott of the Kinges shipps, and at everie wharfe to the Towre, and
then the Towre shott such terrible shott as heaven and earth should
have gonne togeether, and, after the shott, he rode from the Towre
uppe Marke Lane, and all the high streates of London, accompanied
with the Erie of Essex and other noble lordes, knightes, and gentle
men, till he came at the conduite at Sainct Michaells in the querne, a
where my lord major and all the aldermen stoode, and their he had
an oration made him by Doctor Pansgrove in French for his welcome
in the name of my lord major and the aldermen, and so from
thence to the bishopps pallace by Powles, where he laie, b and all
the craftes in London stoode in the streetes in their best lyveries
from Marke Lane to the little conduite where my lord major stoode;

A gifte geaven an( ] that afternoune my lord maior presented him with fowre great
him of the n -i -i TIT i

Cittie. nagons ot ypocras, tow all gilt, and tow all silver, sixe March

payines, c 2 great boxes waffers, 4 dosen staffe torches, and six

a St. Michael s le Querne, now united with St. Vedast, Foster Lane.

b He lodged two nights at the Bishop of London s palace, and then rode to
Hampton Court, where the King lay. Stow.

c A confection or cake made with very little flour and a great quantity of
filberts, almonds, &c. It was a constant article in the desserts of our ancestors.
See Ben Jon son, vol. ii. p. 295.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 173

dosen prickettes a of waxe, all which was geaven him of the citties A..D. 1546.
charge, which he thanckefullie receaved.

The twentie-third dale of August he rode to Hampton Court, His receavinge
and, when he came three miles on this side, my Lord Princes Grace, 13 p r ice^tds (
with divers lordes and gentlemen in velvett cotes on horsebacke, Grace.
and also a thousand horse of yeomen all in new lyveries, stoode in
aray, he riding throughe till he came to my Lord Princes Grace,
which when he see him preased forth and mett him with great
salutation, and so brought him to Hampton Court, my Lord
Admiral! bringing him to his chamber.

The 24th daie of August he was brought to the Kinges presence, His cominge to
and dynned that daie at the Kinges bord, and so remayned in the th Km S es

^^ ** P \3ScHCc.

court, with banqueting and huntinge, and rich maskes everie night

with the Queene and ladies, with dauncinge in tow new banqueting

bowses, which were richlie hanged, and had rych cubbordes of gold

plate all gild, and sett with rych stones and perles, which shone

rychlie; and the twentie-eight daie he tooke his leve of the King

and the Queene, and so came to London againe; and the twentie His departing^

nynth daie he tooke his galleies at the Towre and so departed, and aeaven tohi

he had geaven him at his departinge a rych cubbard of plate all and other.

gold to the valewe of tow thousand markes, d and six cubbardes of

gilt plate geven to other great lordes that came with him, with

divers other great guiftes booth of the King and other noblemen,

and had all their charges borne at the Kinges cost while they laie

there.

This yeare, in the moneth of Julie, was a campe foughten in A campe
France before the French King, betweene tow strangers that were betweD

^ StJlTRiIlffCr

in the Kinges service at Bulleyne, the one going from the Kinges France.
campe to Muttrell; e and after the peace, Julian, an Italian, which

a Wax tapers.

b Prince Edward, who has not been mentioned before as appearing in public.

c Who welcomed him, and in great triumph went to the chapel, where the King
received his oath to perform the articles of the league. I omit to speak of huntings
and banquetings, which were wonderful. Stow.

d To the value of 1,2CO pounds. Montreuil in Picardy.

111

174

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1546.

Death of Sir
Henrie
Knevett in
France.

My Lord
Admirall
goinge into
France.

A tempest at
Macline, in
Brabant.

was the Kinges servant still at Bulleyne, mett with the other that
was at Muttrell, and called him tray tor, because he went from the
Kinges service, wherupon he cast his glove to wage him battell
before the French Kinge according to the lawe of arrnes, which
campe at a daie apoynted this month was foughten before the
French King in the listes, the Kinges Majestic sending Sir Henrie
Knevett to see the battell for the Kinges champion, which said
champion was in the field with his enemie ere Sir Henry Knevett
came to the French King; but that daie Julian, the Kinges servant,
gate the victorie, to the great joy of the Kinges Majestie, and the
Kinges Majestie gave him in England a perpetuall lyving during
his lief.

Sir Henrie Knevett died at Corbell, seaven leages from Parris,
shortlie after the campe, by reason of a great bruse that he had
taken with riding post to come to the campe at the said daie, which
was great losse of his death.

The eigh tenth daie of Julie my Lord Admirall of England 21
tooke his jorney from Bulleyne to the French King as the Kinges
Embassadour, accompanied with divers lordes and gentlemen, with
fower hundred yeomen, all in new lyveries and well horsed; and the
28th daie of Julie he was receaved honorably of the French King
and Dolphine at Millon, b where the French King laie, which is
beyond Paris, and there had great cheare of the Kinge and the
Queene, with great banquettes and maskinge verie rytchlie; and the
fourth daie of August he tooke his leve of the French Kinge, which
gave him a cubberd of plate, all gold, to the valewe of fiftene
hundreth poundes, at his departing, and gave other lordes and
gentlemen that came with him chaines of gold, and tow hundreth
crownes amongest his yeomen, and so retorned post into Englande.

The tenth of August in Brabant, in Flaunders, was great tempest
of thoundre and lightning, wherby the towne of Macline, c and

a John Dudley Viscount Lisle, afterwards Earl of Warwick and Duke of
Northumberland.

b Melun, in the Isle of France. c Malines.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 175

other places tlier aboute, were almost cleene destroyede, and six A - D - 154:6 -
hundred howses destroyed and thro wen downe, and three hundred
persons, men, weomen, and children, found dead, and an hundred
and fif tie persons sore hurt, with much more hurt then cann be
expressed, to the great feare of all Christen men.

The 15th daie of September the forreine buchers beganne to Forreine
keepe their markett in Leeden Hall, which was sheeded rounde ma rkett within
aboute for them to stand dry, they to keepe markett there, and in Leeaden Hall,
no other place, Wednesdaie and Satterdaie in the forenoune weeklie
and no more, and that no free man to stand amongest them, and
everie man to paie to the Chamberlaine to the use of the cittie for
eaverie stall 8d.

The twentie-sixth daie of September were burned openlie at Bookes burned.
Poules Crosse certaine bookes of heeresie latelie condemned by
proclamation at the sermon tyme.

This month also wheate was solde at London for 10s. the Come fallen,
quarter, and malt for five shillinges, which was before the peace at
high prices, by reason the harvest was faire, and also there is great
plentie therof in Englande, which by Godes grace shall cause itt to
fall to lower prices.

This month also the water in Finsburie was brought into con- Newe con-
duittes at London Wall, a at St. Stephens Church in Colman duites -
Streete, and at a new conduite at St. Margarettes in Lothburie,
and runne full with great wast. b

The 28th daie of September, being Michaellmas eaven, the lord
maire was elect and chosen at the Guildhall, which was Mr. Henry
Hobulthorne, alderman, which was the first major that eaver was
chosen [on] that daie, which said daie from hensforth shall be the
daie of the election for the major.

a In London Wall, directly against the north end of Coleman Street, is a conduit
of water, made at the charges of Thomas Exmew, goldsmith, Lord Mayor in 1517.
Stow s Survey.

b By the east end of St. Stephen s church is placed a cock of sweet water, taken
of the main pipe that goeth to Lothberie. Stow s Survey.

176

WRIOTHESLEYS CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1546.

The majors
feast served
with one
course.

Duke of
Norfolke sent
to the Tower.

The major of
London sitting
at Sessions in
Sothwark as
Cheif Justice.

HENRICI VIII. Anno 38.

This yeare the majors feast was keept in the Guildhall the
morrow after Simon and Judes daie, a which was altered in the
service from tow courses to one course, which was this daie all fishe
because it fell on Fridaie; the lordes, ladies, and the mayors bourde
served with nyne dishes, and all the comens with seaven dishes, and
had neither brawne nor gellie; which dynner was well comended
both of the lordes and all the comens, for it was plentifullie served;
howbeit, if my lord major had not sticked hard to it, the aldermen
and sheriffes would have putt it downe for eaver.

The 12th daie of December the Duke of Norfolke and the Earle
of Surrey, his sonne, were sent to the Towre of London prisonners,
the duke going by water, but the Erie of Surrey was lead openlie
from my Lord Chauncelors in Holborne throwe London by Sir
Anthonie Wyngefield, Capteine of the Gard, and the Lieutenante
of the Towre.

The 15th daie of December there was an Oir Determyner kept at
the Justice Hall in Sothwarke, where my lord major sate as Chief
Justice, my Lord Cheiff Baron, Sir Kaffe Warreine, Sir Kichard
Gressame, Mr. Recorder, with other named in the said commission,
afore whome that daie were endited, and also by a jury condemned
for treason for counterfeiting testornes, b one William Harpin, late
of London and now of Sothwarke, ale brewer, Sir William Bowell
of Kingston, priest, and Richard Bush of London, goldsmith, and
there were eight persons suspected of the said treason that daie quitt
by proclamation; the said act was donne in an house in Horsley-
downe in the countie of Surrey.

The twentith of December the said William Harpin was drawen
from Newgate to the Towre Hill and their hanged.

a October 29th.

b Testons, an old silver coin, formerly worth 12d.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 177

This yeare the feast that was wonte to be kept in my lord majors A.D. 1546-7.
howse the Moundaie after Twelve daie was putt downe by a court Tlie S re ^t
of aldermen, which saved rny lord major fortie poundes in expences Mondaie after

that was wont to be spent on that daie. th< L 1 ? daie

putt dowrie.

The 13th daie of Januarie was arraigned at the Guildhall Henrie r A D 1547.1
Haward, knight of the noble Order of the Garter, Earle of Surrey, The Erie of

and sonne and heire of Thomas Duke of Norfolke, and that daie ? m !? y putt to

. . death.

was condemned of highe treason, my lord major a sitting as cheife,
my Lord Chauncelor, my great mastcr, b the Erie of Hertford, the
Erie of Arundell, the Erie of Essex, my Lord Admirall, with all
the judges, Sir Anthonie Browne, and Mr. Pagett, the Kinges
Secretarie, being Commissioners, my Lord Chauncelor geuving him
his judgmente, and for his jurie that were charged for him were
knightes and squires of Norfolke, Sir William Person, knight,
being foreman of the jurie; he had such pleading for himself that
he kept the Commissioners from nyne of the clocke in the forenoune
till five of the clocke at night or he had judgment.

The nynetenth daie of Januarie the Erie of Surrey was lead out
of the Towre to the skaffoide at the Towre Hill and their he was
beheaded.

The 30th of Januarie the church of the lat Gray Friars in London The Grey

was opened and masse song therin ; and that daie preached at Poules * riar

& r churche made

Crosse the Bishopp of Rochester, who declared the Kinges gift the parishe
geaven to the cittie of London for the releeving of the poore people, c
which had geven unto them, by patent under his seale, Sainct
Bartholomewes Spittell, the church of the Gray Fryars, the church
of Sainct Nicholas Flee Shambles, and the church of Sainct Etons, d
to be made one parish church within the Grey Fryars, and withall
for the mayntenance of the same, and releeving of the poore, five
hundreth markes by yeare for eaver, and the said church had geven

a Sir Henry Hubarthorne.

b Lord St.John, who was Lord Steward or Lord Great Master of the King s
household.
c St. Nicholas Shambles. d St. Ewin s.

CAMD. SOC. 2 A

178

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1547.

Death of Kinge
Henry the Eight.

him by name the name of Christ Church, founded by King Henrie
the Eight.

The 31 of Januarie my lord major was sent for to the Perliament
Chamber at Westminster, before the lordes of the Kinges Majesties
Privie Counsell, and their was declared to them by my Lord Chaun-
celor and other the death of the Kinges Majestic Henrie the Eight,
our Soveraigne Lord, which deceased to Almightie God on Fridaie
last, being the 28th of Januarie, and straig[ht]ly charging them to
keepe the Kinges peace and to loke to the savegarde of the Kinges
Majesties Chambre of London, and so they departed.

[Anno Reg. 1.]

Proclamation made

[EDWARDI VI. Anno 1.]

Imediatlie the said lordes in their ordre, with Garter, the King
of Haroldes, and other, in their cote armors, came out of the Perlia
ment Chambre into the Palace of Westminster Hall with a trumpett,
and their proclamation was made by the said Garter under the
Kin g es brode seale - Edward the Sixth, sonne and heire of our
late Soveraigne Lord, to be King of this realme of England, France,
and Ireland, Defendour of the Faith, &c., and of the churches of
England and also of Ireland the Supream Head, ymediatlie under
God, on earth.

Also that daie, at tenne of the clocke, the major a and aldermen
assembled in the Guildhall in their skarlett gownes, and Clarentius,
one of the kinges of haroldes, with tow other haroldes and a
trumpeter, and so rode from thence with my lord major and
aldermen to Sainct Magnus Church corner, where proclamation was
made by Clarentius, after the blowing of the trumpett tow tymes,
under the Kinges broade seale, Edwarde the Sixth, with the death
also of Henry the Eight, the Kinges Majestys father, and so from
thence they rode in order to Leaden Hall [by] the Standard in
Cheepe to the conduite in Fleet Streete, where also the said pro
clamation was made.

* Sir Henry Hubarthoriie.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHKONICLE. 179

The same daie, in the afternoune, the Kinges Majestie [Edward A.D. 1547.

VL] came to the Towre of London from Hareforde, and rode in at The fi . rst
A 1 i i n T-I i n-i commmge or

Aigate, and so along the wall by the Grossed .b riars to the 1 owre Edward the

Hill, and entred at the Kedd Bulwarke, where Sir John Gage,
Constable of the Towre, and the Lieutenant, receaved his Majestie London.
on horsebacke, the Erie of Hertford ryding before the King, and
Sir Anthonie Browne riding after the Kinge; and on the bridge
next the Wardgate my Lord of Canterburie, my Lord Chauncelor,
with other great Lordes of the Counsel!, receaved his Majestie, and
so brought him to his Chambre of Presence, where they were sworne
to his Majestie.

Our late soveraigne lord King Henrie the Eight had declared Lord Protector
by his will, 8 under his great scale, his deerelie-beloved- sonne and
heire, our soveraigne lord, now Edward the Sixth, to succeede win -
to his crowne emperiall; the Erie of Hartford, Sir Edward Seymor,
to be Lord Protector and Governour of the Kinges Majestie and
this realme of England, untill the Kinges Majestie came to his
lawfull age of 18 yeares; and ordeyned also by his will for his Privie
Counsell my Lord of Canterberie, my Lord Chauncelor, my Lord
of Durham, with other, as by his Majesties will appeareth, to have
the governance of this realme for the tyme.

The first daie of Februarie my Lord Chauncelor came unto The Judges
Westminster Hall into the Chauncerie, and sate their alone, calling e to tbe
of the judges and officers of the Court, who, kneeling before him,
receaved their othes to the Kinges Majestie; after he sate in the
Kinges Bench, and their sware the judges and other of the Court;
and then he sate in the Kinges Exchequer and sware the Barons,
and then he sate and sware them of the Commen Place. Then he
went into the Whitehall and sware the Commissioners of that Court,
and then he came againe into the Chauncerie, and sate there, where
he swore sixe new sergeantes of the lawe.

The third daie of Februarie the serjeantes feast was kepte at The sergeantes
Lyncolnes Inne, in Chauncerie Lane, which was but a dynner,

11 The Parliament had authorised Henry VIII. to settle the succession by Avill, and
tliis document is now in the Public Record Office.

180 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.B. 1547. where sate at the higlie board my Lord Chauncelor, at the tow
bourdes my lord great master a and my Lord Privie Scale, with
other lordes; at the tow tables on the right hand of the cubberd
sate the judges and barones with the old serjeantes; at the third
table sate my lord major and fower aldermen, with the sherifFes, in
their Scarlett gownes, and other to fill the bourde; at the fourth
bourde, next the judges, sate the newe serjeantes on one side, tow
of them to a messe; and at other tow bourdes sate gentlemen of the
Innes of Court; which said dynner was served with tow courses,
seven dishes to the first and six to the last, and, after waffers and
ipocras, so ended the feast.

Proclamation ^j^ f our th daie of Februarie, in the afternoune, proclamation

for the corona- . . .

tion of the was made with an narolde in his cote armor, a trumpet^ and a

commen cryer with his mace, for the Kinges coronation to be the
20th of Februarie next comminge.

The sixth daie of Februarie, being the Soundaie of Septuagesima,
in the afternoune my lord major and the aldermen rode in their
Scarlett gownes from my lorde majors house to the Towre of
London, the judges also riding thither in violett, and the serjeantes
at lawe with their scarlett hoodes, and so they were brought to the
Kinges chamber of presens, the Kinges Majestic coming fourth in
a robe of purple velvett and a hoode of the same velvett, about his
necke a blacke mourning capp, b all the lordes in black gownes, the
Erie of Essex bearing the sworde afore the Kinge; then my lorde
major and aldermen called fourth kneelinge, the Recorder making
his proposition to the Kinge for the confirmation of the ellection of
the major, my Lord Chauncelor making the answere and confirming
the said election for the Kinge. The Erie of Hartford, Lord
Protector and Governor, shewed, under the Kinges great scale, a
patent declaring that the Kinges pleasure was at his death that
the said Lord Protector shold make the King, his sonne, knight;

The Kinge ^] ie Ki n g es Majestic then kneeling downe and putt[ing] of his
capp, the said Lord Protector made him knight, desiring them that

a Probably Lord St. John, who was made Lord High Steward in 1545.

b cape.

WRIOTHESLET S CHRONICLE. 181

were present to be witnesses of the same; imediatlie, the King A.D. 1547.

standing upp under the cloath of estate, the lord major of London, The major of

Henry Hobulthorne, was called fourth, who kneeling before the knight.

King, his rnajestie tooke the sworde of the Lord Protector and

made him knight, which was the first that eaver he made; then the

lordes called the judges and communed with them, and then everie

of them came, before the Kinge, who putt fourth his hande, and

everie of them kissed it; then Mr. William Portman, one of the

judges of the Kinges Bench, was called fourth, whome the Kinge

made knight; and then the King [re]moving his capp departed

into his privie chamber againe.

The seventh daie of Februarie, in the afternoune, at the Leaden A dole for
Hall, and at St. Michaells in Cornehill churchy card, was dealed an the flight s
almes for the poore for King Henrie the Eight, to man, woman, and Leaden Hall.
chielde that was there, to everie man a grote apeece, which beganne
at 12 of the clocke and lasted till six of the clock at night, serving
the people alwaies at tow dores, which were in number 21 thousand
and more.

The eight daie of Februarie everie parish church within the cittie An obsequie
of London and the suburbes of the same kept a solempne dirige by for tlie Kln S e -
note, a with a herse and tow tapers, and a knill, with all the bells
ringinge, and on the morrowe a masse of Requiem for the soule of
King Henrye the Eight, which also was this daie observed through
all churches in Englande.

The 14th daie of Februarie the corps of King Henrie the Eight The burling of

was solemply with great honor conveyed in a chariott, with his 5 in f

tir i i r.- the Eight.

image lying on it, toward Wyndsore, and rested that night at oion,

where was a rych herse made of waxe of nyne stories heigh; the
morrow, being the fiftenth daie, it was conveyed to Wyndsore,
where at the townes end the Deane of Wyndsore, b with all his
quire in rich copes, with Eton Colledg, mett the corps, and so was
conveyed to the colledge c in the Kinges pallace at Wyndsore,

a Night. b William Frankleyn.

c St. George s Chapel, where the college of St. George meets.

182

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1547.

Dukes, Erles,
and Lordes
made within
the Tower.

The King
riding to his
coronation
through
London.

The coronation
of Kinge
Edward the
Sixth.

where it was sett under a rych herse of waxe of 13 stories highe,
and was buried the morrow after masse in the quire where his late
wife Queene Jane lieth.

The seavententh daie of Februarie was created within the Towre
of London Sir Edward Seymor, Erie of Hartforde and Lord
Protector, Duke of Somersett; the Lord Parre, Earle of Essex,
was created Marques of Northampton; Sir John Dudley, Lord
Lislee and Admirall, was created Earl of Warwick and Lord Great
Chamberlaine of Englande; Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Lord Wry-
othesley and Lord Chauncelor, was created Earle of Sowthampton;
Sir Thomas Seymor was made Lord Seymor, Lord of Sydewell, a
and High Admirall of Englande; Sir Richard Rich was made Lord
Rych; Sir William Wiloughbie was made Lord Wylougbie; Sir
Edmond Sheffild was made Lord Sheiffielde.

The nynetenth daie of Februarie the Kinges Majestic rode from
the Towre to Westminster through the cittie of London, which was
rychly hanged with riche cloathes and divers pageantes, the conduites
running wyne, the craftes standing in their raills, and the aldermen,
the lord major riding in a crymosin velvett gowne with a rych
collar of goulde, with a mase in his hand, afore the King; and, when
his Majestie came where the aldermen stode, the Recorder made a
proposition to his Majestie, and after the Chamberlaine gave his
Majestie a purse of cloath of gould for a present from the cittie,
which he thanckfullie tooke.

This month of Februarie was levied amongest the citizens of
London for the Kinges coronation a benevolence after the manner
of a xv th and a half.

The twentith daie of Februarie, being the Soundaie Quinquagesima,
the Kinges Majestie Edward the Sixth, of the age of nyne yeares
and three monthes, was crowned King of this realrne of Englande,
France, and Irelande, within the church of Westminster , b with
great honor and solemnitie, and a great feast keept that daie in
Westminster Hall which was rychlie hanged, his Majestic sitting
a Sudley. b Westminster Abbey.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 183

all dynner with his crowne on his head; and, after the second course A - D - 1547,
served, Sir Edward Dymmocke, knight, came ridinge into the
hall in clene white complete harneis, rychlie gilded, and his horse
rychlie trapped, and cast his gauntlett to wage battell against all
men that wold not take him for right King of this realme, and
then the King dranke to him and gave him a cupp of golde; and
after dynner the King made many knightes, and then he changed
his apparell, and so rode from thence to Westminster Place.

The 21st daie was great justes with runninge at the tilt, and the Justes.
22 th daie was fighting and turninge at the barriors, where was many
noble feates donne.

The sixth daie of March the great scale of England was taken Lord Chaun-
from Sir Thomas Wrythesley, Earle of Southampton and Chauncelor of office,
of Englande, which daie was the second Soundaie of Lente, and so
was brought to my Lord Protector, and on the morrowe it was
delivered to my Lord Sainct John, my gret master, a to keepe as
conservator of the same till the counsell had sett further order therm.

The fourth daie of Aprill, 1547, tidinges was brought to London Death of the
that Frances the French King was deade, and died the first daie of French King
Aprill last, and it was said that he neaver rejoyced synce he had
heard of the Kinges Majesties death.

The 13th daie of Aprill Mr. John Wishe, founder, dwelling John Wish,
without Ludgate, was presented to the Court of Aldermen, and by
them admitted for Alderman of Algate; he refusing it, was sent to
Newgate, where he remayned till the twentie-one daie of Aprill,
and then he was sworne alderman; and ymediatlie at his desire he
was dispenced with by the maire and aldermen and sett to his fine
for three hundred markes, wherof he should paie in hande within
three daies an hundreth markes; and he had a yeares daie given
him and a quarter for the rest to be paid at tow paymentes by a
bonde made to the Charnberleyne of London; and so he was dis
charged of his aldermanshipp againe and all other offices in the
cittie whatsoeaver.

a Lord St. John was Lord Steward or Lord Great Master of the King s Household.

184 WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1547. The fiftenth dale of Male, 1547, Doctor [Smith],* of Wydington b
Doctofsmith College, Pleached at Poules Crosse, and their recanted and burned
tow bookes which he had latelie sett fourth, one of traditions and
another of unwrytten verities, and there he professed a new sincere
doctrine contrarie to his old papisticall ordre, as his articles in
wryting playnelie sheweth.

A solemp ob- The 29th daie of June there was a solempne obsequie kept in
Stifo^the 6 Foul 68 [for] the French Kinge Frances latelie departed, where was
French King. a sumptuous herse made, and the quire and the bodie of the church
hanged with blacke and sett with schuchions of the armes of Fiance,
and tow hundreth torch bearers having new blacke gownes and
hoodes with badges of the armes of France on their sholders,
the Archbishop of Canterbery begining the derige in his pontifi
calibus, the Archbishop of Yorke and other 8 bishopps and
suffragans being also in their pontificalibus, six erles and lordes of
the Kinges Majestic being the cheife mourners, the Emperours
Embassadour, and the French Kinges Embassadoure, and the
Secretaire of Venice in their blacke mourning gownes being also
there present at the same, the major and aldermen with tow
hundred citizens in their best lyveries with their hoodes on their
sholders present at the same also; and on the morrow also at the
requiem masse, which the Archbishopp of Canterberie songe in his
pontificalibus, with the other bishopps in their pontificalibus also;
and there preached at the said masse the Bishop of Rochester, who
greatlie commended in his sermon the said French King departed,
for setting fourth of the Bible and New Testament in the French
tonge to be reade of all his subjectes; also all the parish churches
in London kept a solempne obett with knill, the bells ringing, and a
herse with tow great tapers, in everie parish church.

Priestes ar- The first daie of Julie Thomas Moundaie, person of Sainct

Leonardes in Foster Lane, and Thurstame Hikeman, clearke, and

late monke of the Charter Howse in London, were arraigned at

the Guild Hall for treason, which was for the conveying of one

a Omitted in MS. b Whittington s College and Hospital.

WRIOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE, 185

John Foxe, parson of Sainct Marie Mawdlaine, in the warde of A-D 1547.
Queenehith, which was late a monke of the Charterhouse in
London, and fleed out of this realme the third daie of Aprill last,
and sjthence is professed a monke in Loven ; a which said Foxe had
kept the left arme of one John Houghton, late prior of the Charter-
howse in London, which suffred death for treason, denying the
Kinges supremacy, in anno 25 Henrici VIII.; and the said Moun-
daie and Hikeman ahold have conveyged the said arme with other
baggage that they called reliques over sea to the said Fox as they
had promised, for which treason the said Moundaie and Hikeman
were this daie first endited, and after condemned of high treason,
und had judgment to be hanged, drawen, and quartered like treason. 1 *

This yeare wheat was at 75. the quarter, and in some places Come at low
under that price, and all other graines at lesse prices.

This yeare, on Moundaie, c the Frenchmen, with twentie galeies Frenche
, . , . -. , -01 i galleies going

and certame shipps, passed the narrowe seas into bcotlande, and into Scotland.

their landed their men, and laid seige to the Castell of Saint
Andrewes, which was kept to the Kinges use, and tooke it, and
burnt and threw downe an other hould, and so departed againe into
France.

This yeare, in August, the Kinges Majestic, with the advise of . e Binges

* J visitation.

my Lord Protector and other of his Counsell, sent out throughe
this realme of Englande certaine godlie injunctions for reformation
of the cleargie, the true preaching and settinge fourth of Godes
wordc, and utter abolishing of idolatrie, which were clene putt
downe in everie parish church of this realme of Englande, and also
the going in procession was left [off], the gospell and epistle read
in Englishe everie holidaie, with divers other, as in the said
proclamation or injunction appeareth.

This yeare also the Lord Protectors Grace went into Scotlande The victorie o
. T ..,,.,,.. . , thebattellof

with an armie rial! in the beginning or September, and the 20th the Scottes by

daie of September he had battell with the Scottes within fower

* Louvain. b As in cases of treason.

c Date of the month omitted in MS.

CAMD. SOC. 2 B

186 WIUOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE.

A.D. 1547. miles of Edenborouglic, where, by the power of God, lie had the
victorie, and there was slaine of the Scottes fiftene thousande, and
tow thousand taken prisoners. The Erie of Huntley, Chauncelor
of the Scottes, was one, the Erie of Cassells slaine, and the Lord
Fleemino-. And of Englishemen their were not slaine above an
hundred persons in all. The Scottes were numbred above fortie
thousande, and the Englishmen not above sixteene thousande; and
also they tooke there shipps and all their ordinance, with all the
spoile of the fielde, and certeyne castells were yelded to him.

A sermon with The 20th daie, being Sainct Matthewes Eaven, was a solemne
in sermon ma a e in Poules by the Bishopp of Lincolne, with procession,
kneeling with their copes in the quire, and after that Te Deum song
with the organns playinge to. give laude to God for the said victorie,
my lord major, with his brethren the aldermen, being present, with
all the comens in their lyveries, and that night great fiars were
made in everie streete with banqueting for joy of the said victorie.

And the morrow, being Sainct Matthewes daie, all the parishe
churches within the citie, and the suburbes of the same, kept a
solempne procession on their knees in English, with Te Deum
after for the said victorie.

The oomminge The eight daie of October my Lord Protectors Grace came from

home of the t j ^ ort k home, and in Finsburie Fields my lord major, with the
Lord Protector . , . /, , -,

from Scot- aldermen in their skarlett gownes, with certame of

lande< their liveries with their hoodes, mett his Grace, the major and

aldermen on horsebacke, and he ever tooke one of them by the
hande, a and after my lord major rode with him to the pounde in
Smythfield, where my Lord Protector tooke his leve of them, and
so rode that night to his place at Shene, b end the morrowe after to
the King at Hampton Court.

The 23rd daie of October Sir William [Paulet c ], Lord Sainct
Anew Lord , -, ,. -,

Chauncelor. John, and Lord Great Master of the Kmges howse, delivered

Great Scale of England to the Kinges Majestie and my Lord

a Probably a clerical error for " he tooke every one of them by the hand."
b Richmond. c Sainct John in MS.

WIUOTHESLEY S CHRONICLE. 187

Protector, which he had bene custos of synce the dismission of my A - 1) -
Lord Wriothesley, late Chauncelor; and the same dale Sir Richard
Rich, Lord Rich, was chosen Lord Chauncelor, and the Kinges
great scale delivered unto him; and the 26th dale of October he
was sworne Lord Chauncelor in the Chauncerie in Westminster
Hall.

The fourth daie of November, 1.547, the Kinges Majestic beganne The first Par-
his High Court of Parliament at his cittie of Westminster, his Edward the
Majestic- ryding from his pallace of Westminster to the church of Slxtla -
Saint Peter in his perliaraent robes, with all his Lordes Spirituall
and Temporall riding in their robes also; and afore the masse of
the Holie Ghost there was a sermon made before the King by
Doctor Ridley, Bishopp of Rochester; and after that the masse
beganne, Gloria in excelsis, the Creecle, Sanctus, Benedictus, and
the Agnus were all songen in Englishe; the masse ended, his
Majestie with his Lordes went into the Perliament Chamber, where
my Lord Chauncelor made a grete proposition for the assembly of
the said Parliament, and, that donne, the King putt of his robes,
and went to his pallace at Westminster by water. Sir John Baker,
knight, Chauncelor of the Tenthes, was chosen Speaker of the
Commens Howse for the said Perliament.

The sixth daie of November the Convocation of the bishopps
beganne at Powles, afore whome preached the Bishopp of Lyncolne,
who made a goodlie sermon in Lattin; and for Prolocutor of the
Lower House for the clergie was chosen Doctor John Taylor, Deane
of Lyncolne, and parson of Sainct Peeters in Cornehill, in London.

APPENDIX.

KING S BENCH RECORDS in tlie PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE.
BAGA DE SECRETIS. Pouch VIII.

This Pouch is indorsed " Sessiones Comitatuum MiddJesexise et Kancia?
primo tent r apud v ill am Westmonasterii in comitatu Middlesexise coram
Thoma Audeley, milite, Cancellario Angliae et aliis &c. et secundo tent
apud Depford in comitatu Kanciae coram Johanne Baldewvn, milite, et

V

aliis, anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo."

Trial and conviction of Mark Smeaton, Henry Noreys, William Bryerton,
and Sir Francis Weston. Adultery with Queen Anne Boleyn. Special
Sessions of Oyer and Terminer, 12 May, 1536, 28 Hen. VIII.

Hecord of the Sessions held at Westminster and Deptford : ,^,-g 1 ^ ,

Dominus rex mandavit proedilecto et fideli domino Thomaa Audeley
militi, Cancellario Angliae, praecharissimisque consanguineis suis Thomaj
duci Norfolciae, Carolo duci Suffolcia3 et aliis literas suas patentes in hsec
verba : Henricus Octavus dei gratia Angliae et Francis rex, Fidei Defensor,
Dominus Hiberniae et in terra supremum caput Anglicana? ecclesise praj-
dilecto et fideli suo Thomaa Audeley, militi, Cancellario Anglia3, praa-
charissimisque consanguineis suis Thomas duci Norfolcjee, Carolo duci
Suffolcise ac charissimis consanguineis suis Johanni Comiti Oxonia?,
Radulpho Comiti Westmorlandise, Thomae Comiti Wilteshire, Roberto
Comiti Sussexia?, necnon dilectis et fidelibus suis Willelmo domino Sandys,
Thomae Crumwell arrnigero primario secretario suo, Willelmo Fitz-William
militi, Willelmo Paulett, militi, Johanni Fitz-James, militi, Johanni
Baldewyn, militi, Ricardo Lyster, militi, Johanni Porte, militi, Johanni
Spelman, militi, Waltero Luke, militi, Antonio Fitzherbert, militi, Thomas

190 APPENDIX.

Englefeld, militi, et Willelmo Shelley, militi, salutem. Sciatis quod
assignavimus vos decem et novem, decem et octo, decem et septem, sex-
decim, quindecim, quatuordecim, tresdecim, duodeciin, undecim, decem,
novem, octo, septem, sex, quinque et quatuor vestrum justiciaries nostros
ad inquirendum per sacramentum probonim et legalium hominum de
comitatu nostro Middlesexise ac aliis viis, modis et mediis," quibus melius
sciveritis aut poteritis, tarn infra liber tates qnam extra, per quos rei
veritas melius sciri poterit de quibuscumque proditionibus, mesprisionibus
proditionum, rebellionibus, feloniis, murdris, homicidiis, riotis, routis,
conventiculis illicitis, insurrectionibus, extortionibus, oppressionibus, con-
temptis, concelamentis, ignorantiis, negligentiis, offensis, mesprisionibus,
falsitatibus, deceptis, confederationibus, conspirationibus, necnon acces-
sariis eorumdem, ac aliis transgressionibus et offensis quibuscumque infra
comitatum pra3dictum per quoscumque habitis, factis, perpetratis sive
commissis et per quos vel per quern, cui vel quibus, qualiter et quomodo;
ac de aliis articulis et circumstantiis pnsmissa et eorum quodlibet sive
eorum aliquod vel aliqua qualitercumque concernentibus plenius veritatem.
Et ad eadem proditiones et alia prsenrissa. audiendum et terminandum
secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglias. Et ideo vobis
mandamus quod ad certos dies et loca quos vos decem et novem, decem
et octo, decem et septem, sexdecim, quindecim, quatuordecim, tresdecim,
duodecim, undecim, decem, novem, octo, septem, sex, quinque vel quatuor*
vestrum ad hoc provideritis diligenter super prsemissis faciatis inquisitiones
et prasmissa omnia et singula audiatis et terminetis ac ea faciatis et expleatis
in forma prsedicta; facturi hide quod ad justiciam pertinet secundum
legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglice. Salvis nobis amerciamentis
et aliis ad nos inde spectantibus. Mandamus autem tenore prsesentium
vicecomiti nostro comitatus nostri prasdicti quod ad certos dies et loca
quos vos decem et novem, decem et octo, decem et septem, sexdecim,
quindecim, quatuordecim, tresdecim, duodecim, undecim, decem, novem,
octo, septem, sex, quinque vel quatuor vestrum ei sciri feceritis venire
faciat coram vobis decem et novem, decem et octo, decern et septem,
sexdecim, quindecim, quatuordecim, tresdecim, duodecim, undecim, decem,
novem, octo, septem, sex, quinque vel quatuor vestrum tot et tales probos
et legales homines de balliva sua, tarn infra libertates qnam extra, per quos
rei veritas in pramiissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri. In cujus rei testi-

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII. 191

monium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes. Teste me ipso apud
Westmonasterium vicesimo quarto die Aprilis anno regni nostri vicesimo
octavo.

Quarum literarum domini regis patentium predictarum prastextu pre-
ceptum fuit vicecomiti Middlesexice quod non oiuitteret &c. quin venire
faceret coram prsefatis justiciariis apud Westmonasterium in comitatu
Middlesex! sd die Mercurii videlicet decimo die Maii tune proximo sequente
24 or tarn milites quam alios liberos et legales homines de corpore comi-
tatus predict! ad faciendum ea qua3 ex parte domini regis tune et ibidem
eis injungentur. Et quod idem vicecomes tune foret ibidem in propria
persona sua una cum ballivis et ministris snis ad faciendum ea quse ad
sui et eorurn officia pertinent in hac parte. Et vicecomes hide fecit
executionem prout patet per panel la, &c.

Inquisitio capta apud villam Westmonasterii in comitatu Middlesexiae Middlesex
coram prasfatis Johanne Baldewyn, milite, Ricardo Lyster, milite, Johanne
Porte , milite, Johanne Spelman, milite, Waltero Luke, milite, Antonio
Fitzherbert, milite, et Willelmo Shelley, milite, justiciariis, &c. dicto die
Mercurii decimo die Maii, anno vicesimo octavo supradicto, per sacra-
mentum Egidii Heron, armigeri, Rogeri More, armigeri, Ricardi Awnsham,
armigeri, Thomas Billyngton, armigeri, Gregorii Levell, armigeri, Johannis
Worsop, armigeri, Willelmi Godard, gent. Willelmi Blakwall, gent. Johannis
.Wilford, gent. Wilielmi Berd, gent. Henrici Hubbithorn, gent. Willelmi
Hunnyng, gent. Roberti Walys, gent. Johannis Englonde, gent. Henrici
Lodysman, gent, et Johannis Averey, gent. Juratorum, &c. Qui dicunt
super sacramentum suum quod cum domina Anna Regina Anglise, uxor
domini nostri Henrici Octavi, Dei gratia Anglias et Francia? regis, Fidei
defensoris, et Domini Hibernia? ac in terra supremi capitis ecclesia?
Anglicanas per tempus trium annorum modo plenarie elapsorum et
amplius extiterit; eademque domina Anna nedum excellentissimuni atque
nobilissimum matrimonium inter dictum dominum nostrum regem et
ipsam dominam reginam solempnizatum vilipendens verum etiam maliciam
in corde suo erga dictum dominum nostrum regem gerens, instigatione
diabolica seducta Deum pree occulis non habens atque ejus fragilem et
carnalem appetitum indies insequens et affectans quamplures pnefati
domini nostri regis diurnos et familiares servos eidem regina) adtilteros e(-
concubines fore et eflicere false proditorie et contra legiantiae suee debitum.

192 APPENDIX.

turpibus colloquiis et osculis, tactis, donis, variisque aliis nephandissimis
ejus instigationibus et incitationibus de tempore in tempus sicuti ejus
criminis facultas abolendissima appetiit falsissime et proditoriosissime.
procuravit. Adeo quod ad illud ejusdem reginse nequissimum et pro-
ditoripsissimum crimen adulterii perpetrandum nonnulli dicti domini regis
servientes per dictas reginse vilissimam provocationem et incitationem
indies, eidem reginae proditorie erant dediti et inclinati, hinc indeque sic
ut subsequitur de factis et verbis proditoriis insecutum fuit, videlicet
prajdicta regina sexto die Octobris anno regni praadicti domini nostri regis
vicessimo quinto apud villum Westmonasterii in comitatu prsedicto et
diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea quendam Henricum Noreys
nuper de villa Westmonasterii in comitatu praadicto armigerum unum
generosorum private cameras ejusdem domini regis ad ipsam reginam
violandum et carnaliter cognoscendurn dulcibus verbis, osculis, tactibus
ac aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat, per quod
idem Henricus Noreys duodecimo die Octobris anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesimo quinto, occasione dictse dominaa reginae proditoriaa incitationis
et procurationis eandem dominam reginam contra legianciae suaa debitum
apud villam Westmonasterii praadictam in comitatu pra3dicto proditorie
violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat ; Quodque idem Henricus
Noreys diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam West
monasterii praadictam in comitatu prsedicto quandoque ex procuratione
ipsius lienrici propria praafataa reginae proditorie ibidem facta et quan
doque ex procuratione ipsius reginaa eidem Henrico Noreys proditorie
ibidem facta praefatam reginam proditorie violavit, viciavit et carnaliter
cognovit; Et quod praedicta regina secundo die Novembris anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus
antea et postea apud villam Westmonasterii praedictam in comitatu
praedicto quendam Georgium Boleyn nuper de villa Westmonasterii in
comitatu praedicto militem domirmm Rocheford fratrem naturalem praa
fataa reginaa ac unum generosorum dictae privatae cameras dicti domini
regis ad ipsam reginam violandum et carnaliter cognoscendum ac cum
lingua ipsius reginae in ore dicti Georgii et lingua ipsius Georgii in ore
dictas reginaa tarn osculis cum aperto ore ipsius reginas et Georgii donis et
jocalibus ac quam aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat et
incitabat, per quod idem Georgius dominus Rocheford omnimoda Dei

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII. 193

omnipotentis precepta et singulas humanse naturae leges spernens prse-
dictse reginaa illecebras et incontinentias intuens et cognoscens quinto die
Novembris anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo eandem reginam
sororem suam naturalem false detestandissime et proditoriosissime contra
legianciae suse debitum apud villam Westmonasterii praadictam in comitatu
prsedicto violabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Quodque idem Georgius
diversis aliis diebus et vicibus postea et antea apud villam Westmonasterii
prsedictam in comitatu prasdicto quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Georgii
propria praefatas reginse ibidem proditorie facta et quandoque ex procura
tione ipsius reginse eidem Georgio ibidem proditorie facta prasfatam
reginam proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat, et quod
prsedicta regina tertio die Decembris anno regni dicti domini nostri regis
vicesimo quinto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud
villam Westmonasterii prEedictam in comitatu prasdicto quendam Willel-
mum Bryerton nuper de villa Westmonasterii in comitatu prsedicto armi-
gerum ac unum generosorum dictse privatae cameras praefati domini regis
ad ipsam reginam violandum et carnaliter cognoscendum osculis, tactibus
ac aliis diversis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat,
per quod idem Willelmus Bryerton octavo die Decembris anno regni dicti
domini regis vicesimo quinto proditorie occasione dictas dominas reginse
proditorias incitationis et procurations eandem reginam contra legianciae
su83 debitum apud Hampton-courte in parochia de Lyttylhampton in
comitatu prsedicto proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Quodque idem Willelmus Bryerton diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea
et postea apud villam Westmonasterii prasdictam in comitatu praedicto
quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Willelmi propria prefataa reginas ibidem
proditorie facta, et quandoque ex procuratione ipsius reginse eidem
Willelmo ibidem proditorie facta praafatam reginam proditorie violabat,
viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Et quod prasdicta regina octavo die
mensis Maii anno regni dicti domini nostri regis vicesimo sexto et diversis
aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam Westmonasterii prse-
dictam in comitatu pra3dicto quendam Franciscum Weston nuper de villa
Westmonasterii in comitatu praedicto, militem, ac unum generosorum
dictse privatas cameras praefati domini regis ad ipsam reginam violandum
et carnaliter cognoscendum osculis, verbis, donis et aliis viis et modis
illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat per quod idem Franciscus Weston
CAMD. SOC. 2 C

194 APPENDIX.

vicesimo die mensis Mail anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo sexto
proditorie occasione dictse dominaa reginse proditorie incitationis et pro-
curationis eandem dominam reginam contra legiantise suse debitum apud
villam Westmonasterii prsedictarn in comitatu prsedicto proditorie violabat,
viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Quodque idem Franciscus Weston
diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam Westmonasterii
prasdictam in comitatu prsedicto quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Franeisci
propria pra3fatse reginse proditorie ibidem facta et quandoque ex procura
tione ipsius regime eidem Francisco Weston proditorie ibidem facta
praefatam reginam proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Et quod prsedicta regina duodecimo die mensis Aprilis anno regni dicti
domini regis vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea apud villam Westmonasterii preedictam in comitatu prsedicto
quendam Marcum Smeton, nuper de villa Westmonasterii in comitatu
prsedicto, gentylman ac unum grometorum dicta? privates camerse dicti
domini regis ad ipsam reginam violandum et carnaliter cognoscendum
tarn osculis et tactibus quam donis pecuniae et jocalium et aliis diversis
viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat, per quod idem
Marcus Smeton vicesimo sexto die mensis Aprilis anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesimo septimo proditorie occasione dictse dominse reginse proditorise
incitationis et procurations eandem dominam reginam contra legiantise
suse debitum apud villam Westmonasterii prsedictam in comitatu praedicto
proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Quodque idem
Marcus Smeton diversis aliis diebus et vicibus postea et antea apud villam
Westmonasterii in comitatu prsedicto quandoque ex procuratione ipsius
Marci propria prasfataa regir/aa proditorie ibidem facta et quandoque ex pro
curatione ipsius reginse eidem Marco Smeton proditorie ibidem facta prae-
fatam reginam proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Et
insuper juratores prasdicti dicunt quod prasdicti Georgius Boleyn, miles,
dominus Rocheford, Henricus Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton, Franciscus
Weston et Marcus Smeton sic carnali amore dictse reginse accensi et
inflammati fuerunt quod quern illorum dicta regina magis appetiit et
affectavit alius eorum malignabat et indignabat et cordibus suis invicem
murmurabant alter versus alterum suspiciens et zelotipans. Et exinde
unus eorum versus alium maliciam concipiens prsefatse regince plurima
obsequia nocturnis temporibus inordinata diversa etiam dona et arras

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII. 195

dicto proditorio vicio adulterine apta diversis transactis temporibus dum
dictorum proditoriorum criminum suorum tempora agebant occulto et
proditorie singulatim exhibuerunt. Et quod praafata regina pariformiter
praedictos Georgium, Henricum et ceteros proditores praanominatos solos
sibi concubines habere tarn ardenter affectavit et concupivit quod eorum
aliquem cum alia quacumque muliere conversare, colloqui, aut vultum
familiarem exhibere minime potuit sustinere absque calumpnia, duppli-
centia et indignatione ipsius reginaa eis propteria fiendis et demonstrandis.
Et praaterea juratores praedicti dicunt quod pra3fata regina praanominatis
Georgio, Henrico, Willelmo, Francisco et Marco pro eo quod ipsi eorum
adulterina praadicta vicia proditoria cum eadem regina ad suum libitum et
beneplacitum iterarent et vicisshn continuarent diversa dona et mercedes
insignia tarn pro supradictis eorum proditoriis viciis in forma praadicta
commissis et peractis quam extunc cum eadem regina committendis et
perpetrandis apud villam Westmonasterii praadictam in comitatu praadicto
vicesimo septimo die Novembris anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo
septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea proditorie con-
tulit, dedit et largita fuit. Quorum prmtextu dicta regina praafatos pro
ditores in eorum dictis proditionibus ad time et ibidem proditorie auxiliavit
et confortavit; ulteriusque praafata regina et ceteri proditores praanominati
eidem reginaa per modum dictorum proditoriorum viciorum divisim
adherentes videlicet eadem regina et singuli caateri praanominati proditores
cum eadem regina divisim et invicem ultimo die mensis Octobris anno
regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo supradicto et aliis diebus et
vicibus antea et postea apud villam Westmonasterii praadictam in comitatu
praadicto mortem et destructionem praafati domini nostri regis proditorie
contra legianciaa suaa debitum cornpassi fuerunt et imaginaverimt. Ita
quod dicta regina sepius dicebat et promittebat se maritare unum pro-
ditorum praadictorum quaudocumque dictus dominus rex ab hoc seculo
migrare contigeret, affirmando quod nunquam ipsum doininum regem in
corde suo diligere volebat, idemque dominus noster rex supradictus fal-
sissima et abolendissima crimina, vicia et proditiones versus eum taliter
ut praascribuntur commissa et perpetrata infra breve tempus nunc praa-
teritum, summa Dei gratia mediante, agnoscens et perpeiidens tantam
intra se concepit cordialem ingratitudinem et tristitiam praasertim ex
ejus dicta) reginaa et consortis sibi impensa malicia et adulterii proditorii

196 APPENDIX.

procuratione atque etiam ex dictorum ejus servorum cubiculariorum
dignissimse suas personae regiae vicinissorum aceeptorum, collatis pro-
ditionibus, quod nonnulla corpori suo regali dampna gravamina et peri-
cula exinde sibi accreverunt et devenerunt. Sicque prsefati juratores
dicunt quod praefata regina et caeteri proditores prasnominati proditiones
suas praescriptas ut prasrnittitur false et proditorie commiserunt et per-
petraverunt in dicti domini nostri regis coronae suae regiac et totius regni
sui Angliae contemptum manifestum et derogationem et regalis persona^
et corporis dicti domini regis periculum ac in proditoriurn scandalum
periculum detrimentum et derogationem exitus et heredum dictorum
domini regis et reginas et contra pacem ejusdem domini regis. [Billa
Vera.]

Et modo scilicet, die Veneris proximo post tres septimanas Paschre
anno regni dicti domini regis nunc vicesimo octavo coram praefato Thoma
Audeley, milite, cancellario Anglias, Thoma Duce Norfolcia3, Carolo Dnce
Suffolciae, Johanne Comite Oxoniae, Radulpho Comite Westmorlandia?,
Thoma Comite Wilteshire, Roberto Comite Sussexiae, Willelmo domino
Sandys, Thoma Crumwel), armigero, primario Secretario dicti domini
regis, Willelmo Fitzwilliam, milite, Willelmo Paulett, milite, Johanne
Fitzjames, milite, Johanne Baldewyn, milite, Ricardo Lyster, milite,
Johanne Porte, milite, Jchanne Spelman, milite, Waltero Luke, milite,
Antonio Fitzherbert, milite, et Willelmo Shelley, milite, justiciariis, &c.
apud Westmonasterium in dicto comitatu Middlesexia^ venerunt praadicti
Henricus Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton, Franciscus Weston, miles, et Marcus
Smeton per Willelmum Kyngeston, militem, constabulum Turris Londoniae,
in cujus custodia praa antea ex causis prasdictis per dictum dominum
regem cornmissi fuerunt et per mandatum ipsius domini regis ad barrum
hie ducti in propriis personis suis. Et statim de prasmissis eis superius
separatim impositis separatim allocuti qualiter se velint inde acquietare;
pra3dictus Marcus Smeton dicit quod ipse non potest dedicere quin ipse
culpabilis est de violatione et carnali cognitione praedictas reginae prout
per indictamentum praedictum superius supponitur. Et inde ponit se in
misericordiam domini regis. Et quo ad totum residuum in indictamento
praedicto versus eum superius suppositum dicit quod ipse nonnullo est
inde culpabilis. Et inde de bono et malo ponit se super patriam, &c. Et
praedicti Henricus Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton et Franciscus Weston,

BAGA DE SECKETIS, POUCH VIII. 197

miles, separatim dicunt quod ipsi de praemissis nee aliquo prgemissorum in
nullo sunt inde culpabiles. Et inde de bono et malo ponunt se seperatim
super patriam, &e.

Item inter dictum dominum regem et prefatos Henricum Noreys,
Willelmum Bryerton et Franciscurn Weston, militem, venerunt inde
juratores eoram praefatis justiciariis apud Westmonasterium praedictum
hac instante die Yeneris proximo post dictas tres septimanas Pascha?. Et
qui, &c. ad recogn &c. quia, &c.

Idem dies datum est tarn prasfato Marco Smeton quam prapfatis Henrico
Noreys, Willelmo Bryerton et Francisco Weston, militi. Ad quos diem
et locum coram praafatis justiciariis venerunt tarn pra3dictus Marcus
Smeton quam prsedicti Henricus Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton et Franciscus
Weston in propriis personis suis. Et juratores inter dictum regem et
prefatum Henricum Noreys, Willelmum Bryerton et Franciscum Weston
per vicecomitem comitatus Middlesexiae impanellati, exacti similiter
venerunt. Qui ad veritatem de praemissis dicendi, electi, triati et jurat!
dicunt super sacramentum suum quod prasdicti Henricus Noreys, Will
elmus Bryerton et Franciscus Weston de proditionibus praadictis eis
superius impositis sunt culpabiles; Et quod ipsi nulla habent terras,
tenementa, bona, neque catalla, &c. Super quo instanter servientes domini
regis ad legem ac ipsius regis attornatus juxta debitam legis formam
petierunt tarn versus preefatum Marcum Smeton super cognitionem saam
propriam in hac parte factam quam versus praefatos Henricum Noreys,
Willelmum Bryerton et Franciscum Weston, militem, super veredictum
praedictum versus eos et eorum quemlibet redditurn judicium et execu-
tionem superinde pro praedicto domino rege habendum, &c. Et super hoc
vicecomes, et per curiam hie intellectis omnibus et singulis praemissis,
concessus est quod tarn praedictus Marcus Smeton quam piaedicti Henricus
Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton et Franciscus Weston, miles, ducantur per
praefatum Constabularium Turris Londoniae usque dictam turrim. Et
deinde per medium civitatis Londoniae directe usque ad furcas de Tybourne
trahantur et super furcas illas ibidem suspend ant ur et viventes ad terrain
prosternantur et interiora cujuslibet eorum extra ventres suos capiantur,
ipsisque viventibus comburentur et capita eorum amputentur quodque
corpora eorum in quatuor partes dividantur; Et quod capita et quarteria
cujuslibet eorurn ponantur ubi dominus rex ea assignare voluerit, &c.

198

APPENDIX.

24 April, 28
Hen. 8.

(M. 10.)
Middlesex.

9 May, 28
Hen. 8.

(M. 8.)
Middlesex.

In margin. " Trahitur et suspensus," written four times over to
signify that the sentence was carried out in each separate instance.

Dorso. Per manus Johannis Fitzjames, rnilitis, unius justiciariorum infra
specificatorum coram domino rege die Sabbati proximo post tres septimanas
Paschee anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo deliberatum, &c.

In this pouch (VIII.) are the originals of the documents entered on the
above enrolment, besides others which have only been abstracted or
mentioned in that document. In the latter case it appeared advisable to
print these documents in full from the originals, except when only re
duplicative. They are strung on a file promiscuously, in the order
indicated by the numbers in the margin, but are here arranged chrono
logically, so far as each session is concerned, that for Middlesex preceding
Kent.

Special Commission of Oyer and Terminer addressed to Thomas
Audeley, knt. and others. This is identical with the first document
entered on the enrolment, and does not therefore require to be reprinted.

[The Justices Precept to the Sheriff for the return of the Grand Jury
at Westminster on Wednesday the 10th day of May then next following.]

Scilicet. Thomas Audeley, miles, Cancellarius Angliae et socii sui
justiciarii domini regis, per litteras patentes ipsius regis ad inquirendum
per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de dicto comitatu
Middlesexise tarn infra libertates quam extra, per quos rei veritas melius
sciri poterit de quibuscumque proditionibus, murdris, feloniis, con-
spirationibus, rebellionibus, insuriectionibus, contemptis, concelamentis,
forisfacturis, deceptionibus, falsitatibus, riotis, routis, conventiculis illicitis,
transgressionibus, mesprisionibus et aliis offensis quibuscumque in
comitatu prsedicto per quoscumque et qualitercumque factis sive per-
petratis ac de aliis articulis et circumstantiis prsemissa qualitercumque
concernentibus plenius veritatem et ad eadem proditiones, murdra, felonias,
conspirationes, rebelliones, insurrectiones, contemptus, concelamenta,
forisfacturas, deceptiones, falsitates, riotas, routas, conventicula illicita,
transgressiones, mesprisiones et alias offensas pr&dictas ad sectam ipsius
regis tune audiendum et terminandum secundum legem et consuetudinem
regni domini regis Anglige assignati, vicecomiti Middlesexiae salutem. Ex

BAGA DE SECRKTIS, POUCH VIII. 199

parte dicti domini regis tibi praecipimus quod venire facias coram nobis

prsefatis justiciariis apud villam Westmonasterii in comitatu pradicto die

Mercurii videlicet decimo die Mail proximo futuro de quolibet hundredo

comitatus prcedicti 24 de magis discretis et sufficientibus personis per

quos rei veritas in praemissis melius sciri poterit et inquiri ad faciendum

ea quse ex parte ejusdem domini regis tune ibidem eis injungentur,

publice etiam proclamari facias per totum comitatum prsedictum quod

omnes illi qui pro domino rege de aliquo articulo articulorurn prsedictorum

sequi aut prosequi voluerint tune sint ibidem billas et sectas ipsius regis

in forma juris prosecuturi. Scire etiarn facias omnibus ministris tuis

quod tune sint ibidem ad faciendum ea qua3 eorum officiis pertinent in liac

parte. Et tu ipse tune sis ibidem una cum ministris tuis ad faciendum

ea qua? ad tui et eorum officia pertinent. Et habeas ibi tune novem

juratorum et ministrorum prsedictorum et eorum ppr quos eis sic scire

feceris breve domini regis de intendendum quod tibi inde venerit et hoc

preceptum datum 9 die Mail anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo

octavo.

Dorso. Executio istius precepti patet in quodam panello huic precepto
annexato.

Responsio Humfridi Monmouth et Johannis Cotes, vicecomitum.

[Grand Jury panel for Middlesex. The dots in the margin show the 9 May, 28
names of those who appeared, and the contracted word " jur." is written Hen - 8> -
against those who were sworn] : (M. 9.)

Egidius Heron, armiger, jur. Middlesex.

Rogerus More, armiger, jur.

Ricardus Awrisham, ar. jur.

Thomas Byllyngton, ar. jur.

Gregorius Lovell, ar. jur.

Johannes Worsope, ar. jur.
Ricardus Harryyong, ar.
Jesper Leylce, ar.

Willelmus Gooddard, gent. jur.

Willelmus Blakwall, gent. jur.

Johannes Wylford, gent. jur.

Willelmus Berd, gent. jur.

200 APPENDIX.

Robertas Wheler, gent.

Henricus Hubbylthorn, gent. JUT.

Willelmus Hunnyng,- gent, jur.

Robertus Walys, gent. jur.
Willelmus Hollys, gent.

Johannes Englond, gent. jur.
Willelmus Warner, gent.
Thomas Curtys, gent.

Henricus Lodysman, gent. jur.

Johannes Averey, gent. jur.

Thomas Burnell, gent.

Ricardus Callard, gent.
Georgius Aleyn, gent.

Johannes Elryngton, gent.

Thomas Hemmyng, gent.

Ricardus Bellamy, gent.

Willielmus Goodere, gent.
Johannes Hone, gent.

Robertus Smalwod, gent.

Willelmus Jenyns, gent.

Johannes Jamys, gent.

Thomas Sylvester, gent.

Johannes Chanterell, gent.

Ricardus Clark, gent.
Johannes Grymston, gent.
Robertus Redman, gent.

Johannes Rawson, gent.

Ricardus Ive, gent.

Johannes Willoughby, gent.
Ricardus Brown, gent.

Johannes Ederick de Edgeware, gent.

Alanus Nicoll, gent.

Willelmus Russell, gent.

Robertus Sherp, gent.

Willelmus Snelson, gent.
Johannes Nicoll de Dolstrete.

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII. 201

Quilibet juratorum prsedictomm separatim per se attachiatus et
manucaptns est per plegium

JOHANNIS DEN et
RICARDI FEN.

Dorso. Capta apud villam Westmonasterii in comitatu Middlesexise
die Mercurii decimo die Maii anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo
octavo coram Johanne Baldevvyn, milite, Ricardo Lyster, milite, Johanne
Porte, milite, Johanne Spelman, milite, Waltero Luke, milite, Antonio Fitz-
herbert, milite, etWillelrno Shelley, milite, justiciariis, &c. per sacramentum
juratorum infrascriptorum, &c.

Original indictment found at Westminster by the Grand Jury, Giles 10 May, 28
Heron, &c. against Anne Boleyn and the rest, as copied from the enrolment.
At the foot of this document, which is much rubbed, is written " Billa
vera," and a memorandum in the margin that the same indictment is sent
before Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Earl Marshal and High Steward of
England [see Pouch IX.], to do all matters concerning the Queen and the
Lord Rochford, on Monday, the 15th day of May, 1536, at the Tower.

The indictment has been already given from the enrolment, but the
memorandum in the margin is as follows:

Mittitur coram Thoma duce Norfoiciae, Thesaurario ac Comite Mares- Middlesex,
callo Anglia3, necnon Senescallo Anglian hac vice, quo ad omnia quae ad
reginam et dominum Rocheford tangentia die luna? 15 die Maii anno
regni domini regis nunc 28 apud Turrim Londoniae virtute brevis dicti
domini regis Johanni Baldewyn, militi, et sociis suis justiciariis, etc. ad
inquirendum de quibuscumque proditionibus, &c. infra comitatum Mid-
dlesexiaa perpetratis audiendum et terminandum assignatis ac virtute
praecepti dicti Senescalli dictis justiciariis scilicet directis termi-
nand , &c.

The Justices precept to tKe Constable of the Tower, commanding him 10 May, 28
to bring up the bodies of Sir Francis Weston, knt. Plenry Noreys, esq.
William Bryerton, esq. and Mark Smeton, gent, at Westminster, on
Friday next after three weeks of Easter. The Constable returns that
before the receipt of the precept the persons within-mentioned had been

CAMD. SOC. 2 D

202 APPENDIX.

committed by the King s Council for high treason, but that he never
theless would bring them up as he is required.

Scilicet, Thomas Audeley, miles, Cancellarius Anglic, et socii sui
justiciarii domini regis per literas patent es ipsius regis ad inquirendum
per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu Middlesexiae
tarn infra libertates quam extra per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit de
omnimodis proditionibus, insurrectionibus, rebellionibus, feloniis, murdris,
transgressionibus, mesprisionibus ac aliis diversis articulis in litteris
domini regis patentibus eis inde directis specificatis per quoscumque et
qualitercumque factis sive perpetratis et ad eadem audiendum et termi-
nandum assignati Constabulario Turris domini regis Londoni^e vel ejus
locumtenenti vel deputato suo ibidem salutem. Ex parte dicti domini
regis vobis precipimus firmiter injungentes quod corpora Francisci Weston,
militis, Henrici Noreys, armigeri, Willelmi Bryerton, armigeri et Marci
Smeton, gentylman, in prisona dicti domini regis sub custodia vestra
detenta ut dicitur una cum causa detentionum suarum quibuscurnque
nominibus censeantur in eadem habeatis coram dicto domino rege apud
Westmonasterium die Veneris proximo post tres septimanas Paschge ad
respondendum praefato domino regi de diversis altis proditionibus unde
indictati sunt. Et habeatis ibi tune hoc preceptum. Datum apud
Westmonasterium 10 die Maii anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo
octavo. Per Sessionem. FERMOUR.

Dorso. Ante adventum istius Precepti michi directi infranominati
Franciscus Weston, miles, Henricus Norres, armiger, Willelmus Bryerton,
armiger, et Marcus Smeton, gentilman, michi commissi fuerunt per
Consilium domini regis salvo et secure custodiendi pro diversis altis
proditionibus per ipsos ut dicitur perpetratis, corpora tamen ipsorum
Francisci, Henrici, Willelmi et Marci ad diem et locum infra contentas
parata habeo prout interius michi prsecipitur.

Responsio Willelmi Kyngston, militis, Cohstabularii Turris Londoniai
infrascripti.

12 May, 28 [The Justices Precept to the Sheriff for the Return of the Petty

Hen. 8.

Jury. |

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII 203

Scilicet, Thomas Audeley, miles, Cancellarius Anglise, et socii sui (M. 4.)
justiciarii domini regis, per literas patentes ipsius domini regis ad in- Middlesex,
quirendum per sacramentum proborum et legalium hominum de comitatu
Middlesexiae tam infra libertates quam extra per quos rei veritas melius
sciri poterit de quibuscurnque proditionibus, mesprisionibus proditionum,
rebellionibus, feloniis, murdris, homicidiis ac aliis articulis et oiFensis in
literis domini regis patentibus eis inde directis specialiter per quoscumque
et qualitercumque factis sive perpetratis, necnon de aliis articulis et cir-
cumstantiis praemissa qualitercumque concernentibus plenius veritatem.
Et ad ea omnia et singula secundum legem et consuetudinem regni
domini regis Anglian audiendum et terminandum assignati, vicecomiti
Middlesexiae salutem.

Precipimus tibi, firmiter injungentes, quod non omittas propter aliquam
libertatem in balliva tua quin venire facias coram domino rege apud
Westmonasterium hac infrascripta die Veneris proxima post tres septi-
nianas Paschae 24 tam milites quam alios probos et legales homines de
visneto de villa Westmonasterii in comitatu praedicto, per quos rei veritas
melius sciri poterit. Et qui Henricum Noreys, nuper de villa West
monasterii in comitatu praadicto, armigerum, unum generosorum privatae
cameras dicti domini regis; Willelmum Bryerton, nuper de villa West
monasterii in comitatu praedicto, armigerum ac unum generosorum dictaa
privatae cameras; Franciscum Weston, nuper de villa Westmonasterii in
comitatu praedicto, militem ac unum generosorum dictaa privatae cameras
[here is an erasure of three-quarters of a line which evidently contained
the name of Mark Smeton], nulla affinitate attingente ad recognoscendum
super sacramentum suum si praedicti Henricus, Willelmus et Franciscus
culpabiles sint de quibusdam altis prodicionibus unde indictati sunt necne :
quia iidem Henricus, Willelmus, Franciscus et Marcus (sic) posuerunt
se inde in juratam illam. Et habeas ibi tune nomina juratorum et hoc
preceptum. Datum apud Westmonasterium 12 die Maii anno regni regis
Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo. Per Sessionem, FERMOUR.

Dorso. Executio istius precepti patet in quodam panello huic precepto
annexato.

Responsio Humfridi Monmouth et Johannis Cotes, vicecomitum.

204 APPENDIX.

12 May, 28 [Panel containing the return, with the names of the Petty Jury. The

Hen. 8. ^ Q ^ s j n ^e margin show the names of those who appeared, and the

contracted word " jur." is written against those who were sworn.]
Middlesex Johannes Welsche, miles.

Edwardus Willoughby, miles, jur.
Willelmus Askew, miles, jur.

Walterus Hungarford, miles, jur.

Robertus Dormer, miles, jur.

Ricardus Tempest, miles, jur.

Willelmus Drewrey, miles, jur.

Egidius Alyngton, miles, jur.

Johannes Hampden, miles, jur.

Thomas Wharton, miles, jur.

Thomas Palmer, miles, jur.

Willelmus Musgrave, miles, jur.
Thomas Kytson, miles.

Johannes Champnes, miles.
Johannes Mondy, miles.

Anthonius Hungerford, miles.

Willelmus Sydney, miles, jur.

Thomas Spert, miles.

Christoferus Morrys, miles.

Jacobus Spenser, miles.

Willelmus Hollys, miles.

Rogerus Corbett, armiger.

Thomas Carter, armiger.

Robertus Cheseman, armiger.

Willelmus Awbrey, armiger.

Johannes Hull, armiger.

Johannes Hewes, armiger.

Thomas Burbage, armiger.

Edwardus North, armiger.

1 Johannes Palmer, armiger.

Radulphus Warren, armiger.
Michael Dormer, armiger.

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH VIII. 205

Willielmus Dantesey, armiger.

Willelmus Gonston, armiger.

Willelmus Brown, armiger.
Georgius Henyngham, armiger.

Jesper Leyke, armiger.

Galfridus Chamber, armiger.
Johannes Malte, armiger.

Walterus Mai she, armiger.
Johannes Sadler, armiger.

Quilibet juratorum pra?dictorum separatim per se attachiatus et nuinu-
captus est per plegium

JOHANNIS DEN et
RICARDI FEN.

Dorso. Juratores dicunt quod omnes sunt culpabiles, catalla nulla.

Special Commission of Oyer and Terminer addressed to Thomas Duke 24 April, 28

of Norfolk, Charles Duke of Suffolk, John Earl of Oxford, Ralph Earl of Hen 8

(M 14 )
Westmorland, Robert Earl of Sussex, Thomas Crumwell, esq. the King s

Chief Secretary, William Fitzwilliam, knt. William Paulet, knt. John
Fitzjames, knt John Baldewyn, knt. Richard Lyster, knt. John Porte,
knt. John Spelman, knt. Walter Luke, knt. Anthony Fitzherbert, knt.
Thomas Englefield, knt. and William Shelley, knt. or any four or more
of them. [This document, in other points being indentical with the
Special Commission for Middlesex, does not require to be printed here.]

The Justices Precept to the Sheriff for the return of the Grand Jury 9 May, 28
at Deptford on Thursday the llth day of May. [This being nearly en> 8 -
identical in wording with the like precept to the Sheriff of Middlesex is
not requisite to be printed.] It bears on the reverse side this endorsement:
Executio istius precepti patet in quodam panello huic precepto annexato.

EDWARDUS WOTTON miles, vicecomes.

[The Grand Jury panel for Kent. The dots in the margin show the 9 May, 28
names of those who appeared, and the contracted word " jur." is written n> **
against those who were sworn.]

206 APPENDIX.

(M. 13.) Ricardus Clement, miles, jur.

Kent. Willelmus Fynche, miles, jur.

Edwardus Boughton, miles, jur.

Antonius Seyntleger, armiger, jur.

Johannes Cromer, armiger, jur.

Johannes Fogg, arrniger jur.

Thomas Willesford armiger, jur.

Johannes Norton, armiger, jur.

Humfridus Style, armiger, jur.

Robertus Fy slier, gent. jur.

Thomas Sybbell, gent. jur.

Johannes Lovelas, gent. jur.

Walterus Harynden, gent. jur.

Edwardus Page, gent. jur.

Thomas Fereby, gent. jur.

Lionellus Ansty, gent. jur.
Willelmus Buston, gent.
Stephanus Astyn, gent.
Thomas Grene, gent.
Thomas Chapman, gent.
Willelmus Iden, gent.
Marcus Aucher, gent.
Robertus Brograve, gent.
Willelmus Swan, gent.
Thomas Swan, gent.

Quilibet juratorum prsBdictorum separatim per se attachiatus est per

plegium

JOHANNIS FEN.

RICARDI HART.

Dorso. Capta apud Deptford in comitatu Kantise die Jovis undecimo
die Maii anno regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo coram Johanne
Baldewyn, milite, Waltero Luke, milite, Antonio Fitzherbert, milite, et
Willelmo Shelley, milite, justiciariis, &c. per sacramentum juratorum
infrascriptorum, &c.

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 207

Original indictment found at Deptford by the Grand Jury, Sir Richard 11 May, 28
Clement, knt. and others, against Queen Anne Boleyn, Lord Rocheford, Hen
Norreys, Bryerton, Weston, and Smeton, as afterwards abstracted (see (M 1L)
Pouch i x .). At the foot is written " Billa vera," and the same memorandum Kent *
added as on the Middlesex indictment.

KING S BENCH RECORDS in the PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE.
BAGA DE SECRETIS. Pouch IX.

This Pouch is indorsed " Sessio tenta apud Turrim Londoniaa coram
Thoma Duce Norfolciae hac vice Senescallo Anglise, anno regni regis
Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo." The main Records, containing thirteen
membranes, on which are enrolled the proceedings in this case, are in good
condition, but the other documents, numbered fourteen to twenty-one, have
sustained much damage.

Trial and conviction of Queen Anne Boleyn and George Lord Rocheford,
her brother. Adultery and incest. Before the court of the Lord High
Steward and Peers, 15 May, 1536, 28 Henry VIII.

Record of Pleas held at the Tower of London before Thomas Duke of
Norfolk, High Steward of England, Treasurer, and Earl Marshal.

Dominus rex mandavit prsecharissimo consanguineo suo Thomas duci (MS. 1-0.)
Norfolcia* Thesaurario ac Comiti Marescallo Anglic necnon Senescallo
Anglic hac vice literas suas patentes in ha2c verba: Henricus Octavus
Dei gratia Angliae et Franciae rex, Fidei Defensor, Dominus Hiberniaa et
in terra supremum caput Anglicanaa ecclesiaa, prascharissimo consanguineo
suo Thomae duci Norfolciaa, Thesaurario ac Comiti Marescallo Angliae,
salutem. Sciatis quod cum domina Anna regina Anglias, censors nostra,
per nomen dominae Annas reginae Anglic, uxoris domini nostri Henrici
Octavi Dei gratia Angliae et Franciaa regis, Fidei Defensoris, Domini
Hibernian et in terra supremi capitis Anglican Ecclesias; ac Georgius
Boleyn, miles, dominus Rocheford, per nomen Georgii Boleyne, nuper de
villa Westmonasterii in comitatu Middlesexiae, militis, domini Rocheford,

208 APPENDIX.

fratris naturalis praafatae reginse ac tinius Generosorum Privatte Cameras
domini regis, coram Johanne Baldewyn, Ricardo Lyster, Johanne Porte,
Johanne Spelman, Waltero Luke, Antonio Fitz Herbert, Thoma Englefeld,
et Willelmo Shelley, militibus, Justiciariis nostris assignatis, una cum
aliis in comitatu Middlesexiaa inter alia ad quascumque proditiones,
mesprisiones proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, murdra, homicidia, riotas,
routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, oppressiones, con-
temptus, concelamenta, ignorancias, negligencias, ofFensiones, mesprisiones,
falsitates, deceptiones, confederationes, conspirationes, necnon accessaria
corundum ac alias transgressiones et ofFensiones quascumque infra comi-
tatum predictum per quoscumque habita, facta, perpetrata sive commissa
et; per quos vel per quern, cui vel quibus, qualiter vel quo modo ac de aliis
articulis et circumstantiis premissa et eorum quodlibet seu eorum aliquod
vel aliqua qualitercumque concernentia plenius veritatem. Et ad eadem
proditiones et alia premissa audiendum et terminandum secundum legem
et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglise assignatis de diversis altis pro-
ditionibus per eos et eorum alterum comrnissis et perpetratis separaliter
indictati existunt : Cumque etiam eadem regina et pra?fatus Georgius per
nomina supradicta coram eisdem Johanne Baldewyn, Waltero Luke,
Antonio FitzHerbert et Willelmo Shelley, militibus, Justiciariis nostris
assignatis una cum aliis in comitatu Kancia3 inter alia ad quascumque
proditiones, mesprisones proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, murdra,
homicidia, riotas, routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones,
oppressiones, contemptus, concelamenta, ignorantias, negligentias, ofFen
siones, mesprisiones, falsitates, deceptiones, confederationes, conspirationes
necnon accessaria eorundum ac alias transgressiones et ofFensiones quas
cumque infra comitatum predictum per quoscumque habita, facta, perpetrata
sive commissa. Et per quos vel per quern, cui vel quibus, qualiter et
quomodo, ac de aliis articulis et circumstantiis premissa et eorum quod
libet seu eorum aliquod vel aliqua qualitercumque concernentia plenius
veritatem: Et ad eadem proditiones et alia premissa audiendum et termi
nandum secundum legem et consuetudinem regni nostri Anglise assignatis
etiam de diversis altis proditionibus per eos et eorum alterum commissis
et perpetratis separaliter indictati existunt. Nos, considerantes quod
justicia est virtus excellens et Altissimo complacens eaque prae omnibus
uti volumus; ac pro eo quod officimn Senescalli Anglise cnjus presentia

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 209

pro administratione justiciag et executionis ejusdem in hac parte fienda
requiritur ut accepimus jam vacat de fidelitate provida circnmspectione et
industriavestris plenius confidentes, ordinavimus et constituimusvos ex hac
causa et causis Senescallum Anglias ad officium illud cum omnibus eidem
officio in hac parte debitis pertinentiis, hac vice, gerendum, occupandum
et exercendum, dantes et concedentes vobis tenore praesentium plenam et
sufficientem potestatem et auctoritatem ac mandatum speciale indictamenta
predicts eosdem dominam Annam reginam Anglias et Georgium dominum
Rocheford concernentia cum omnibus ea tangentibus a prsefatis justiciariis
nostris et sociis suis prgedictis recipiendis et ea inspicienda ac ad certos
diem et locum quos ad hoc provideritis ipsos dominam Annam reginam
Anglias et Georgium dominum Rocheford coram vobis evocandos et ipsos
et eorum utrumque superinde audiendum et examinandum et respondere
compellandum ac fine debito terminandum; necnon tot et tales dominos,
proceres et magnates hujus regni nostri Anglic eorundem dominae Annaa
reginaa Angliae et Georgii domini Rocheford pares per quos rei veritas in hac
parte melius sciri poterit ad diem et locum praedictos ex causa et causis
praadictis coram vobis comparere astringendum veritateque inde comperta
ad judicium inde per vcs ut Senescallum nostrum Angliae in hac parte red-
dendum secundum legem et consuetudines regni nostri Angliae, hac vice,versus
prsefatos dominam Annam reginam Anglian et Georgium dominum Rocheford
[et] procedendum, sentenciandum et adjudicandum ac executionem inde
facere praecipiendum caeteraque omnia et singula qua? ad officium Senescalli
Angliae in hac parte pertinent et requiruntur, hac vice, faciendum, exer
cendum et exequendum. Et ideo vobis mandamus quod circa praemissa
diligenter intendatis et ea faciatis et exequamini in forma praedicta.
Damus autem universis et singulis ducibus, marchioriibus, comitibus,
vice-comitibus, baronibus et omnibus aliis ofh ciariis, ministris et legeis
nostris tenore prassentium firmiter in mandatis quod vobis in executione
prsemissorum intendentes sint, consulentes, assistentes, obedientes et
auxiliantes in omnibus prout decet. Mandavimus autem eisdem justiciariis
nostris quod indictamenta prsedicta cum omnibus ea tangentibus ex causa
et causis praedictis vobis deliberent. Mandavimus etiam constabulario
Turris nostrae Londoniae ejusve locumtenenti vel deputato ibidem quod
ad certos diem et locum quos ei scire facietis praefatam dominam Annam
reginam Anglian et Georgium dominum Rochford coram vobis venire
CAMD. SOC. 2 E

210 APPENDIX.

faciat. In cujus rei testimonium has literas nostras fieri fecimus patentes.
Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium duodecimo die Maii anno regni
nostri vicesimo octavo.

Mandavit etiam prgedictus dominus rex dilectis et fidelibus suis Johanni
Baldewyne, Ricardo Lyster, Johanni Porte, Johanni Spelman, Waltero
Luke, Antonio Fitzherbert, Thorns Inglefeld et Willelmo Shelley, militibus,
justiciariis suis una cum aliis ad quascumque proditiones, mesprisiones
proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, murdra, homicidia, riotas, routas,
conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, oppressiones, contemptus,
concelamenta, ignorantias et alia malefacta in comitatu Middlesexiae
facta, habita, commissa et perpetrata nuper assignatis et eorum cuilibet
salutem. Mandamus vobis quod omnia et singula indictamenta, recorda,
et processus de quibuscumque proditionibus seu aliis prasmissis unde
domina Anna regina Anglise uxor nostra et Georgius Boleyn miles,
Dorninus Rocheford, quibuscumque nominibus censeantur seu eorum alter
censeatur, coram vobis in dicto comitatu Middlesexiae indictati sunt,
ut dicitur charissimo consanguineo nostro Thoma3 duci Norfolcias,
Thesaurario et Comiti Marescallo Anglia3 et hac vice Senescallo Anglise,
liberetis indilate una cum hoc brevi, ut ipse Senescallus, inspectis
indictamentis, recordis et processibus praedictis, ulterius inde hac vice
fieri faciat prout de jure ac secundum legem et consuetudines regni
nostri Angliaa fuerit faciendum. Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium 13
die Maii anno regni nostri vicesimo octavo.

Et ulterius mandavit idem dominus Rex prgefatis dilectis et fidelibus
suis Johanni Baldewyn, Waltero Luke, Antonio Fitzherbert et Willelmo
Shelley, militibus, justiciariis suis, unacum aliis ad qua3cumque proditiones,
mesprisioues proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, murdra, homicidia, riotas,
routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, oppressiones, con
temptus, concelamenta, ignorantias et alia malefacta in comitatu Kanciae
facta, habita, pommissa et perpetrata nuper assignatis et eorum cuilibet
breve suum clausum in hssc verba:

Henricus Octavus Dei gratia Angliae et Francise Rex, Fidei Defensor,
Dominus HiberniaB et in terra supremum caput Anglicanas Ecclesiae dilectis
et fidelibus suis Johanni Baldewyn, Waltero Luke, Antonio Fitzherbert et
Willelmo Shelley, militibus, justiciariis suis, una cum aliis ad qusecumque
proditiones, mesprisiones proditionum, rebelliones, felonias, murdra, homi-

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 211

cidia, riotas, routas, conventicula illicita, insurrectiones, extortiones, op-
pressiones, contemptus, concelainenta, ignorantias et alia malefacta in
comitatu Kancia? facta, habita, comraissa et perpetrata nuper assignatis et
eorum cuilibet, salutem. Mandamus vobis quod omnia et singula indicta-
menta, recorda et processus de quibuscumque proditionibus seu aliis prae-
missis unde domina Anna regina Anglige, uxor nostra, et Georgius Boleyn
miles, Dominus Rocheford, quibuscumque nominibus censeantur seu eorum
alter censeatur coram vobis in dicto comitatu Kancise indictati sunt ut
dicitur charissimo consanguineo nostro Thomas Duci Norfolcise, Thesaurario
ac Comiti Marescallo Anglia? et hac vice Senescallo Angliaa liberetis indilate
una cum hoc brevi ut ipse Senescallus inspectis indictamentis, recordis, et
processibus prsedictis, ulterius inde hac vice fieri faciat prout de jure ac
secundum legem et consuetudines regni nostri Angliae fuerint faciendum.
Teste meipso apud Westmonasterium tertiodecimo die Maii anno regni
nostri vicessimo octavo.

Ac insuper mandavit dictus dominus Rex dilecto et fideli suo Willelmo
Kyngstone militi, constabulario Turris sua3 Londoniae seu ejus locum-
tenenti vel deputato ibidem quoddam aliud breve suum clausum in hasc
verba:

Henricus Octavus Dei gratia Angliae et Franciae Rex, Fidei Defensor,
Dominus Hiberniae, et in terra supremum caput Anglicanae ecclesise dilecto
et fideli suo Willelmo Kyngestone, militi, Constabulario Turris sua3
Londonia? seu ejus locumtenenti vel deputato ibidem, salutem. Mandamus
vobis quod dominam Annam reginam Anglian uxorem nostram et Georgium
Boleyn militem, Dominum Rocheford, de alta proditione per ipsos erga
nos facta et perpetrata indictatos et in custodia vestra existentes coram
charissimo consanguineo nostro Thoma, duce Norfolcia?, Theasurario ac
Comite Marescallo Angliae et hac vice Senescallo ad certos diem et locum
quos idem Senescallus vobis scire faciet super prasmissis responsuros
salvo et secure venire facias. Et hoc nullatenus omittatis. Teste meipso
apud Westmonasterium tertiodecimo die Maii anno regni nostri vicesimo
octavo.

Quarum quidem literarum domini regis patentium prasdictarum prasfato
Senescallo Anglige hac vice directarum pretextu. Preceptum fuit per
dictum Senescallum Angliaa, scilicet tertiodecimo die Maii anno vicessimo
octavo supradicto, praefatis Johanni Baldewyn, militi, et sociis suis

212

APPENDIX.

justiciariis, &c. in dicto comitatu Middlesexise quod indictamenta, recorda
et processus de alta proditione personae domini regis facta et perpetrata
unde prasdicta domina Anna regina Anglias uxor dicti domini regis nunc
et Georgius Boleyn, miles, Dominus Rocheford, indictati sunt cum omnibus
ea tangentibus adeo plene et integre prout coram eis nuper capti fuerunt
et penes eos tune residebant quibuscumque nominibus iidem domina
regina et Dominus Rocheford nuncupabantur in eisdem coram praefato
Senescallo sub sigillis suis aut unius eorum apud Turrim dicti domini
regis Londonise die lunae quintodecimo die Maii tune proximo futuro
mitterent seu unus eorum mitteret ut ulterius, &c. Preceptum fuit
etiarn per dictum Senescallum Angliae scilicet dicto tertiodecimo die Maii
anno vicesimo octavo supradicto prsefatis Johanni Baldewyn, Waltero
Luke, Antonio Fitz-herbert et Willelmo Shelley, mllitibus, et sociis suis
justiciariis, &c. in dicto comitatu Kanciae quod indictamenta, recorda, et
processus de alto proditione personae domini regis facta et perpetrata unde
prsedicta domina Anna regina Angliee uxor dicti domini regis nunc et
Georgius Boleyn miles, Dominus Rocheford, indictati sunt cum omnibus
ea tangentibus adeo plene et integre prout coram eis nuper capti fuerunt
et penes eos tune residebant quibuscumque nominibus iidem domina
regina et Dominus Rocheford nuncupabantur in eisdem coram praefato
Senescallo sub sigillis suis aut unius eorum apud dictam Turrim dicti
domini regis Loridoniaa dicto die lunge quintodecimo die Maii tune
proximo futuro mitterent seu unus eorum mitteret ut ulterius, &c.

Ac insuper per dictum Senescallum Anglia? praeceptum fuit supradicto
tertiodecimo die Maii anno vicesimo octavo supradicto prasfato con-
stabulario dicti Tunis domini regis Londoniae ve ejus locumtenenti vel
deputato suo ibidem quod corpora praedictorum dominae Annas reginaa
Angliaa uxoris dicti domini regis nunc et Georgii Boleyn, militis, Domini
Rocheford, in prisona domini regis sub custodia sua detentorum una cum
causa detentionum suarum quibuscumque nominibus iidem domina regina
et Dominus Rocheford censeantur in eadem haberet coram praefato Senes
callo apud Turrim praadictam dicto die Iuna3 quintodecimo die Maii tune
proximo futuro ad subjiciendum et recipiendum ea quse curia domini
regis de eis tune ibidem ordinare contigerit. Mandatum fuit etiam per
prsedictum Senescallum Angliae prredicto xiii die Maii anno vicesimo
octavo supradicto Radulpho Felmyngham servienti dicti domini regis ad

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 213

arma quod ipse summoneat tot et tales dominos, proceres et magnates
hujus regni Anglise prasdictorum dominae Annae reginas Anglia3 et Domini
Rochefbrd pares per quos rei veritas in hac parte melius sciri potent quod
ipsi personaliter compareant coram praefato Senescallo apud Turrim
domini regis Londonias supradicto die lunae quintodecimo die Maii tune
proximo future ad faciendum ea qua? eis ex parte domini regis tune
ibidem in praamissis injungentur, &c.

Placita coram Thoma Duce Norfolcias Senescallo Anglias hac vice
necnon Thesaurario et Comite Marescallo Angliae tenta apud Turrim
domini regis Londonias die lunas quintodecimo die Maii anno regni Henrici
Octavi Dei gratia Anglian et Francias regis, Fidei Denfensoris, Domini
Hibernian et in terra supremi capitis Anglicanas ecclesiaa vicesimo
octavo.

Johannes Baldewyn miles, Ricardus Lyster miles, justiciarii, &c. in
comitatu Middlesexiae solemniter exacti comparuerunt et praesentes hie in
curia juxta vim, formam, et effectum brevis domini regis et precepti
prasdictorum eis directorum omnia et singula indictamenta et recordum
inde versus praefatos dominam Annam reginam Anglias et Georgium
Boleyn, militem, Dominum Rocheford de proditionibus prasdictis capta
unde iidem domina regina et Dominus Rocheford indictati existunt cum
omnibus ilia tangentibus adeo plene et integre prout coram eis et sociis
suis nuper capta fuerunt et penes eos tune resident coram praafato Senes
callo Angliaa praatextu brevis et prascepti prasdictorum hac instanti die
Iuna3, &c. per manus suas proprias deliberaverunt terminandum, &c.

Ac etiam pra3dicti Johannes Baldewyn miles, Walterus Luke miles,
justiciarii, &c. in comitatu Kanciaa similiter exacti comparuerunt et
praasentes hie in curia juxta vim, formam et effectum brevis domini regis
et precepti praedictorum eis directorum omnia et singula indictamenta et
recordum inde versus praefatos dominam Annam reginam Angliaa et
Dominum Rocheford de proditionibus pra3dictis capta cum omnibus ilia
tangentibus unde iidem domina regina et Dominus Rocheford indictati
existunt adeo plene et integre prout coram eis et sociis suis nuper capta
fuerunt et penes eos tune resident; coram praafato Senescallo Angliaa
praetextu brevis et prascepti prasdictorum dicto die Iuna3, &c. per manus
suas proprias deliberaverunt terminandum, &c.

Et etiam Willelmus Kyngeston, miles, Constabularius Turris dicti

APPENDIX.

domini regis Londoniaa, juxta breve et praaceptum praadicta similiter
exactus corpora praadictorum dominaa Anna? reginaa Angliaa et Georgii
Buleyn militis, Domini Rocheford, tune eodem die lunaa, &c. coram
praafato Senescallo Anglian praatextu brevis et praacepti domini regis
praadictorum apud Turrim praadictam parata habuit prout sibi praa-
cipiebatur, &c.

Necnon prasdictus Radulphus Felmyngham serviens praadicti domini
regis ad arma praafato Senescallo Angliaa pretextu mandati sui praadicti
asseruit quod ipse omnes et singulos dominos, proceres et magnates regni
Angliaa praadictorum dominaa Annaa reginaa Angliaa et Georgii Buleyn
militis, Domini Rocheford, pares, per quos, &c. summoneri fecit quod ipsi
personaliter coram praafato Senescallo ad praafatum diem et locum com-
pareant ad faciendum ea quaa eis ex parte domini regis tune ibidem in
praamissis injungentur prout superius data fuit sibi in mandatis, &c.

Super quo facta proclamatione pro domino rege per mandatum praafati
Senescalli Angliaa quod tam omnes duces et comites quam barones pares
praadictorum dominaa Annaa reginaa Angliaa et Georgii Buleyn militis,
Domini Rocheford, qui per mandatum ejusdem Senescalli Angliaa ac sum-
monitionem praadicti servientis ad arma eis facta ad tune in curia praasentes
fuerint compareant et pro eorum nominibus responderent, ad faciendum
ea quaa eis ex parte dicti domini regis tune ibidem in praamissis injun
gentur, &c.

Qui quidem duces, comites et barones tune ibidem in plena curia
existentes scilicet Charolus dux Suffolciaa, Henricus marchio Exoniaa,
Willelmus comes Arundell, Johannes comes Oxoniaa, Henricus comes
Northumbriaa, Radulphus comes Westmorlandia?, Edwardus comes Derby,
Henricus comes Wigorniaa, Thomas comes Rutlandiaa, Robertus comes
Sussexiaa, Georgius conies Huntingdoniaa, Johannes dominus Audeley,
Thomas dominus la Ware, Henricus dominus Mountague, Henricus
dominus Morley, Thomas dominus Dacre, Georgius dominus Cobham,
Henricus dominus Maltravers, Edwardus dominus Powes, Thomas dominus
Mount Egle, Edwardus dominus Clynton, Willelmus dominus Sandes,
Andreas dominus Wyndesore, Thomas dominus Wentworth, Thomas
dominus Burgh et Johannes dominus Mordaunt juxta vim, formam, et
eifectum proclamationis praadictaa ac summonitionis praadictaa eis ut praa-
dicitur per praadictum servientem ad arma factarum ad tune et ibidem

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 215

solemniter exact! comparuerunt et per eorum nomina separatim respond-
erunt. Quorum presencia per prsefatum Senescallum Anglise recordata
fuit, &c.

Eecordum ac indictamenta et processus versus praefatam dominam
Annam reginam Anglian et Georgium Boleyn, Dominum Rocheford de
alta proditione coram praafatis Jolianne Baldewyn milite, Ricardo Lyster
milite et sociis suis justiciariis, &c. in comitatu Middlesexise capta et
per manus suas proprias hie in curia deliberata sequuntur in haac verba:

Middlesex scilicet. Inquisitio capta apud villarn Westmonasterii in comi
tatu praadic to die Mercurii proximo post tres septimanas Paschge anno regni
regis Henrici Octavi vicesimcr octavo coram Johanne Baldewyn milite,
Ricardo Lyster milite, Johanne Porte milite, Johanne Spelrnan milite,
Waltero Luke milite, Antonio Fitzherbert milite, et Willelmo Shelley
milite, justiciariis domini regis, per literas patentes ipsius regis eis ac aliis
directas ad inquirendurn per sacramentum proboruin et legalium hominum
de dicto comitatu Middlesexiaa tarn infra libertates quam extra per quos rei
veritas melius sciri poterit de quibuscumque proditionibus, mesprisionibus
proditionum, rebellionibus, feloniis, rnurdris, homicidiis, riotis, routis,
conventiculis illicitis, insurrectionibus, extortionibus, oppressionibus, con-
temptis, concelamentis, ignorantiis, negligentiis, oiFensis, mesprisionibus,
falsitatibus, deceptionibus, confederationibus, conspirationibus, necnon
accessariis eorundem ac aliis transgressionibus et oiFensis quibuscumque
infra comitatum praedictum per quoscumque habitis, factis, perpetratis sive
commissis ; et ad eadem proditiones et alia praamissa secundum legem et
consuetudines regni Anglige audiendum et terminandum assignatis, per
sacramentum Egidii Heron armigeri, Rogeri More armigeri, Ricardi
Awnsham armigeri, Thomas Byllyngton armigeri, Gregorii Lovell
armigeri, Johannis Worsop armigeri, Willelmi Goddard gent. Willelmi
Blakwall gent. Johannis Wylford gent. Willelmi Berd gent. Henrici
Hubbylthorn gent. Willelmi Hunyng gent. Robert! Walys gent. Johannis
Englond gent. Henrici Lodysman gent, et Johannis Averey gent, extitit
presentatum Quod cum domina Anna regina Angliaa uxor domini nostri
Henrici Octavi Dei gratia Anglias et Franciaa regis, Fidei Defensoris, Domini
Hibernias et in terra supremi capitis ecclesias Anglicanae per tempus trium
annorum modo plenarie elapsorum et amplius extiterit; eademque domina
Anna nedum excellentissimum atque nobilissimum matrimonium inter

216 APPENDIX.

dictum dominum nostrum regem et ipsam doniinam reginam solempnizatum
vilipendens verum etiam maliciam in corde suo erga dictum dominum
nostrum regem gerens instigatione diabolica seducta, Deum prae occulis
non habens atque ejus fragile m et carnalem appetitum indies insequens
et affectans, quamplures praafati domini nostri regis dinrnos et familiares
servos eidem reginaB adulteros et concubinos fore et efficere, falso proditorie
et contra legiancise suae debitum, turpibus colloquiis et osculis, tactis, donis
variisque aliis nephandissimis ejus instigationibus et incitationibus de
tempore in tempus sicuti ejus criminis facultas abolendissima appetiit
falsissime et proditoriosissime procuravit. Adeo quod ad illud ejusdem
reginae nequissimum et proditoriosissimum criinen adulterii perpetrandum ;
nonnulli dicti domini regis servientes per dictaa reginae vilissimam provo-
cationem et incitationem indies eidem reginas proditorie erant dediti et
inclinati, hinc indeque sic ut subsequitur de factis et proditoriis verbis
insecutum fuit; videlicet praedicta regina sexto die Octobris anno regni
praedicti domini nostri regis vicesimo quinto apud villam Westrnonasterii
in comitatu praedicto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea
quendam Henricum Noreys nuper de villa .Westmonasterii in comitatu
praadicto armigerum unum generosorum privates cameras ejusdem domini
regis ad ipsam reginam vioiandum et carnaliter cognoscendum dulcibus
verbis, osculis, tactibus ac aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat
et incitabat, per quod idem Henricus Norreys duodecimo die Octobris anno
regni dicti domini regis vicesimo quinto occasione dictaa domino* reginaa
proditorie incitationis et procurationis eandem dominam reginam contra
legianciaa suaa debitum apud villam Westmonasterii praedictam in comi
tatu praedicto proditorie violabat, viciabat, et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Quodque idem Henricus Noreys diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea apud villam Westmonasterii praedictam in comitatu praedicto,
quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Henrici propria praafatae reginaa pro
ditorie ibidem facta et quandoque ex procuratione ipsius reginae eidem
Henrico Noreys proditorie ibidem facta praafatam reginam proditorie
violavit, viciavit et carnaliter cognovit. Et quod praedicta regina secundo
die Novembris anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo et diversis
aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud vi]lam Westmonasterii prae
dictam in comitatu praadicto quendam Georgium Boleyn nuper de villa
Westmonasterii in comitatu praadicto militem, Dominum Kocheford, fratrem

BAG A. DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 217

naturalem praafataa reginaa ac unuin generosorum dictaa privataa cameraa
dicti domini regis ad ipsarn reginam violandum et carnaliter cognoscendum
ac cum lingua ipsius reginaa in ore dicti Georgii et lingua ipsius Georgii,
in ore dictse reginaa, tarn osculis cum aperto ore ipsius reginse et Georgii
donis et jocalibus, ac quam aliis viis et modis illicitis proditorie procurabat
et incitabat, per quod idem Georgius dominus Rocheford omnimodo
Dei omnipotentis praacepta et singulas hu manse naturaa leges spernens
praadictaa reginaa illecebras et incontinencias intuens et cognoscens
quinto die Novembris anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo
eandem reginam sororem suam naturalem false, detestandissime, et pro-
ditoriosissime contra legianciaa suaa debitum apud villam Westmonasterii
praadictam in comitatu praedicto violabat et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Quodque idem Georgius diversis aliis diebus et vicious antea et
postea apud villam Westmonasterii praadictam in comitatu praedicto
quandoque ex procuratione ipsius Georgii propria praafataa reginee
ibidem proditorie facta et quandoque ex procuratione ipsius reginaa eidem
Georgio ibidem proditorie facta praafatam reginam proditorie violabat,
viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Et quod praadicta regina tertio die
Decembris anno regni dicti domini nostri regis vicesimo quinto et diversis
aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villain Westmonasterii praa-
dictam in comitatu praadicto quendam Willelmum Bryerton nuper de villa
Westmonasterii in comitatu praadicto armigerum ac unum generosorum
dictaa privataa cameraa praafati domini regis ad ipsam reginam violandum
et carnaliter cognoscendum osculis, tactibus ac aliis diversis viis et modis
illicitis proditorie procurabat et incitabat. Per quod idem Willelmus
Bryerton octavo die Decembris anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo
quinto proditorie occasione dictaa dominaa reginaa proditoriaa incitationis
et procurations eandem reginam contra legianciaa suaa debitum apud
Hampton Court in parochia de Lytel Hampton in comitatu praedicto
proditorie violabat, viciabat et carnaliter cognoscebat. Quodque idem
Willelmus Bryerton diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud
villam Wetmonasterii praadictam in comitatu praadicto quandoque ex
procuratione ipsius Willehni propria praafataa reginaa ibidem proditorie
facta et quandoque ex procuratione ipsius reginaa eidem W T illelmo ibidem
proditorie facta praafatam reginam proditorie violabat, viciabat et car
naliter cognoscebat. Et quod praadicta regina octavo die mensis Maii
OAMD. SOC. 2 F

218

APPENDIX.

anno regni dicti clomini nostri regis vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus
et vicibus antea et postea apud villam Westmonasterii praedictam in
comitatu praedicto quendam Franciscum Weston nuper de villa West
monasterii in comitatu praedicto militem et unum generosorum dictae
privatas cameras praefati domini regis. &c.

[The rest of this charge is essentially the same as the preceding one
of Bryerton.]

Et quod prsedicta regina duodecimo die mensis Aprilis anno regni dicti
domini regis vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea apud villam Westmonasteiii praedictam, in comitatu prsedicto
quendam Marcum Smeton nuper de villa Westmonasterii in comitatu
praedicto gentylman ac unum gromettorum dictas private camera? dicti
domini regis, &c.

[The rest of this charge is essentially the same as the above of
Bryerton.]

Et insuper juratores prredicti dicunt: Quod prsedicti Georgius
Boleyn miles, Dominus Kocheford, Henricus Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton,
Franciscus Weston et Marcus Smeton sic carnali amore dictae reginse
accensi et inflammati fuerunt quod quern illorum dicta regina magis appetiit
et affectavit alius eorum malignabat et indignabat et in cordibus suisinvicem
murmurabat alter versus alterum suspiciens et zelotypans; Et exinde
unus eorum versus alium malitiam concipiens, pncfataB reginae plurima
obsequia nocturnis temporibus inordinatis diversa etiam dona et arras
dicto proditoiio vicio adulterino apta diversis transactis temporibus dum
dictorum proditoriorum criminum suorum tempo) a agebant occulto et
proditorie singulatim exhibuerunt. Et quod praefata regina pariformiter
praedictos Georgium, Henricum et caeteros proditores prsenominatos solos
sibi concubines habere tarn ardenter affectavit et concnpivit quod eorum
aliquem cum alia quacumque muliere conversare, colloqui, aut vultum
familiarem exhibere, ininime potuit sustinere absque calumpnia, displi-
cencia et indignatione, ipsius regina? eis propterea fienda et demons-
tranda. Et praeterea juratores predict! dicunt quod praefata regina
praenominatis Georgio, Henrico, Willelmo, Francisco et Marco pro eo
quod ipsi eorum adulterina prsedicta vicia proditoria cum eadem regina
ad suum libitum et beneplacitum iterarent et vicissim continuarent,
diversa dona et mercedes insignia tarn pro supradictis eorum proditoriis

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 219

viciis in forma praedicta commissis et peractis quam extunc cum eadem
regina committendis et perpetrandis apud villam Westrnonasterii prae-
dictam in comitatu praadicto vicesimo septimo die Novembris anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesirno septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus
antea et postea proditorie contulit, dedit, et largita fuit. Quorum prae-
textu dicta regina praefatos proditores in eorum dictis proditionibus ad
tune et ibidem proditorie auxiliavit et confortavit; ulteriusque prsefata
regina et caateri proditores prcenominati eidem reginae per mcdum dictorum
proditoriorum viciorum divisim adherentes, videlicet, eadem regina et
singuli C93teri praenominati proditores cum eadem regina divisim et invicem
ultimo die mensis Octobris anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo
supradicto ac aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud villam West-
monasterii praedictam in comitatu praedicto mortem et destructionem
proafati domini nostri regis proditorie contra legianciae suae debitum
compassi fuerunt et imaginaverunt. Ita quod dicta regina saspius dicebat
et promittebat se maritare unum proditorum praedictorum quandocumque
dictus dominus rex ab hoc seculo migrare contigeret affirmando quod
nunquam ipsum dominum regem in corde suo diligere volebat. Idemque
dominus noster rex supradicta falsissima et abolendissima crimina, vicia
et proditiones versus eurn taliter ut prcescribuntur commissa et perpetrata
infra breve tempus nunc prseteritum, summa Dei gratia mediante,
agnoscens et perpendens tantam intra se concepit cordialem ingratitudinem
et tristitiam praesertim ex ejus dictas reginae et consortis sibi impensa
malicia et adulterii proditorii procuratione atque etiam ex dictorurn ejus
servorum cubiculariorum dignissimaa suaa persona? regiae vicinissimorum
acceptorum, collatis proditionibus quod nonnulla corpori suo regali dampna,
gravamina et pericula exinde sibi accreverunt et devenerurit.

Sicque praefati juratores dicunt quod praafata regina et caeteri proditores
prasnominati proditiones suas praascriptas ut praamittitur false et proditorie
commiserunt et perpetraverunt in dicti domini nostri regis coronaa suse
regia3 et totius regni sui Anglia3 contempturn manifestum et derogationem
et regalis personae et corporis dicti domini regis periculum ac in pro-
ditorium scandalum, periculum, detrimentum et derogationem exitus et
heredum dictorum domini regis et reginae et contra pacem ejusdem domini
regis, &c.

Recordum ac indictamenta et processus versus prasfatos Dominam

220 APPENDIX.

Annam reginam Angliae et Georgium Boleyn militem, Dominum Rocheford,

de alta proditione coram prsefatis Johanne Baldewyn milite, Waltero

Luke milite, Antonio Fitzherbert milite, et Willelmo Shelley milite,

justiciariis, &c. in comitatu Kancise capta et per manus suas proprias hie

in curia deliberate sequuntur in haec verba: Kancia scilicet. Inquisitio

capta apud Depford in comitatu pisedicto die Jovis undecimo die Mail

aimo regni regis Henrici Octavi vicesimo octavo, coram Johanne

Baldewyn milite, Waltero Luke milite, Antonio Fitzherbert milite, et

Willelmo Shelley milite, justiciariis domini regis per literas patentes

ipsius regis eis ac aliis directas ad inquirendum per sacramentum pro-

borum et legalium hominurn de dicto comitatu KanciaB tarn infra libertates

quam extra per quos rei veritas melius sciri poterit de quibuscumque

proditionibus, mesprisionibus proditionum, rebellionibus, feloniis, murdris,

homicidiis, riotis, routis, conventiculis illicitis, insurrectionibus, extortioni-

bus, oppressionibus, contemptibus, concelamentis, ignoranciis, negligenciis,

ofFensis, mesprisionibus, falsitatibus, deceptionibus, confederationibus, con-

spirationibus necnon accessariis eorundem ac aliis transgressionibus et

offensis quibuscumque infra comitatum prsedictum per quoscumque habitis,

factis, perpetratis sive comissis et ad eadem proditiones et alia praBmissa

secundum legem et consuetudinem regni Anglian audiendum et termi-

nandum, assignatis per sacramentum Ricardi Clement militis, Willelmi

Fynche militis, Edwardi Boughton militis, Antonii Seyntleger armigeri,

Johannis Cromer armigeri, Johannis Fogg armigeri, Thoma3 Wylleford

armigeri, Johannis Norton armigeri, Humfridi Style armigeri, Roberti

Fisher gent. Thomas Sybbell gent. Johannis Lovelas gent. Walteri

Haryndon gent. Edwardi Page gent. Thomse Fereby gent, et Leonelli

Ansty gent, extitit praasentatum : Quod cum domina Anna regina

Angliae, &c.

[The rest is identical with the finding of the Middlesex jury, with the
exceptions of place and date, e. g. Videlicet pra3dicta regina duodecimo die
Novembris anno regni prasdicti domini regis vicesimo quinto apud Est
Grenewyche in comitatu praedicto ac diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea
et postea quendam Henricum Noreys nuper de Est Grenewyche, &c. per
quod idem Henricus Noreys decimonono die Novembris, &c.]

Et quod praadicta regina vicesimo secundo die Decembris anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo ac diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea

BAGA DE SECRETIS, POUCH IX. 221

et postea apud Eltham in comitatu praedicto quendam Georgium Boleyn
nuper de Est Grenewyche, &c. per quod idem Georgius Dominus Roche-
ford omnimoda Dei omnipotentis praecepta et singulas humanae naturae
leges spernens praedictae reginae illecebras et incontinentias intuens et
cognoscens vicesimo nono die Decembris dicto anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesimo septimo eandem reginam, sororem suam naturalem, false,
detestandissime et proditoriosissime contra legianciae suae debitum apud
Eltham praedictani in comitatu praedicto violabat et carnaliter cognoscebat.
Quodque idem Georgius diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea
apud Est Grenewiche, &c.

Et quod praedicta regina sextodecimo die Novembris anno regni dicti
domini nostri vicesimo quinto supradicto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus
antea et postea apud Est Grenewyche praedictam. in comitatu praedicto
quendam Willelmum Bryerton, nuper de Est Grenewych, &c. per quod
idem Willelmus Bryerton vicesimo septimo die Novembris, &c.

Et quod praedicta regina sexto die Junii anno regni dicti domini regis
vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud Est
Grenewyche praedictani in comitatu praedicto quendam Franciscum Wes
tern, nuper de Est Grenewyche in comitatu praedicto militem, &c. per quod
idem Franciscus Weston, vicesimo die Junii dicto anno regni dicti domini
regis vicesimo sexto, &c.

Et quod praedicta regina tertiodecimo die Maii supradicto anno regni
dicti domini regis vicesimo sexto et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea
et postea apud Est Grenewyche praedictam. in comitatu prsedicto quendam
Marcum Smeton nuper de Est Grenewyche in comitatu praedicto gent, ac
unum gromettorum dictae privatae camerae, &c. per quod idem Marcus
Smeton decimonono die Maii dicto anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo
sexto, &c.

Et insuper juratores praedicti dicunt quod praedicti Georgius Boleyn
miles, Dominus Rocheford, Henricus Noreys, Willelmus Bryerton, Fran
ciscus Weston et Marcus Smeton, sic carnali amore dictae reginae accensi
et inflammati fuerunt quod quern illorum dicta regina magis appetiit et
affectavit alius eorum malignabat et indignabat et in cordibus suis invicem
murmurabant alter versus alterum suspiciens et zelotypans, &c. Quam
ex tune cum eadem regina committendis et perpetrandis apud Eltham
praedictam in comitatu praedicto ultimo die Decembris anno regni dicti

222 APPENDIX.

doniirii regis vicesimo septimo et diversis aliis diebus et vicibus antea et
postea proditorie contulit, dedit, et largita fuit. Quorum praatextu dicta
regina, praafatos proditores in eorum dictis proditionibus adtunc et ibidem
proditorie auxiliavit et confortavit; ulferiusque praefata regina et caateri
proditores praanominati eidem reginae per modum dictorum proditoriorum
viciorum divisim adherentes, videlicet, eadem regina et singuli caateri
praanominati proditores cum eadem regina divisim et invicem octavo die
Januarii anno regni dicti domini regis vicesimo septimo praadicto et aliis
diebus et vicibus antea et postea apud Est Grenewiche praadictam in
comitatu praadicto mortem et destructionem praefati domini nostri regis
proditorie contra legianciaa suae debitum compassi fuerunt et imagina-
verunt. Ita quod dicta regina saepius dicebat et promittebat se maritare
unum proditorum prsedictorum quandocumque dictus dominus rex ab hoc
seculo migrare contigeret, affirmando quod nunquam ipsum dominum
regem in corde suo diligere volebat. Idemque dominus noster rex supra-
dicta falsissima et abolendissima crimina, vicia et proditiones versus eum
taliter ut praescribuntur commissa et perpetrata infra breve tempus nunc
praateritum, summa Dei gratia mediante, agnoscens et perpendens tantam
intra se concepit cordialem ingratitudinem et tristitiam, prsesertim ex ejus
dictas reginae et consortis sibi impensa malicia et adulterii proditorii
procuratione atque etiam ex dictorum ejus servorum cubicuiariorum
dignissimae suae personaa regiaa vicinissimorum acceptorum, collatis pro
ditionibus quod nonnulla corpori suo regali dampna, gravamina et pericula
exinde sibi accreverunt et devenerunt. Sicque praafati juratores dicunt
quod praefata regina et ceteri proditores praanominati proditiones suas
praadictas ut praemittuntur false et proditorie commiserunt et perpetra-
verunt in dicti domini nostri regis coronaa suae regiaa et totius regni sui
Angliaa contemptum manifestum et derogationem et regalis personaa et
corporis dicti domini regis periculum ac in proditorium scandalum, peri-
culum, detrimentum et derogationem exitus et heredum dictorum domini
regis et reginaa et contra pacem ejusdem domini regis, &c.

Et postea isto eodem instanti die Innaa quintodecimo die Maii coram
praafato Thoma Duce Norfolciaa Kac vice Senescallo Angliaa apud prapdictam
Turrim Londoniae venit praadicta Domina Anna, Eegina Angliae, sub
custodia praadicti Willelmi Kyngeston militis, constabularii ejusdem
Turris, in cujus custodiam preantea ex causis praedictis et aliis certis de

BAGA DE SECKETIS, POUCH IX. 223

causis per mandatum dicti domini regis commissa fuit virtute brevis et
praecepti praadictorum ad barram hie ducta in propria persona sua: et
statim de proditionibus prasdictis sibi superius impositis allocuta qualiter
se velit inde acquietare : dicit quod ipsa in nullo est inde culpabilis ; et
inde de bono et malo ponit se super pares suos, &c.

Super quo praedicti Dux Suffolciae, Marchio Exoniee, ac comites et
barones, prasdictae dominae reginaa pares instanter super eorum fidelitatem
et ligeantiam dicto domino regi debitam per prasfatum Senescallum Anglian
de. veritate inde dicenda onerati; et postea per eundum Senescallum Angliaa
ab inferiore pare usque ad supremum parium illorum separatim inde
examinati. Quilibet eorum per se separatim dicit quod praadicta domina
regina de proditionibus prasdictis sibi superius impositis est culpabilis
modo et forma prout per separalia indictarnenta prasdicta superius sup-
ponitur, &c.

Ob quod instanter servientes domini regis ad leem ac ipsius domini
regis attornatus juxta debitam legis formarn petunt versus eandeni
dominam reginam judicium et executionern superinde pro dicto domino
rege habendum, &c.

Et super hoc, visis et per curiam hie intellects omnibus et singulis
praemissis, consideratum est quod prsedicta regina ducatur per preefatum
constabularium, &c. usque prisonam dicti domini regis infra eandeni
Turrim; et deinde ad mandatum ejusdem domini regis usque le Grene
infra dictam Turrim ducatur et ibidem comburetur vel caput ejus am-
putetur prout superinde domino regi placuerit, &c.

Et etiam prasdicto instanti die Iuna3 quintodecimo die Maii coram
praefato Thoma Duce Norfolciae, hac vice Senescallo Angliaa, apud praa-
dictam Turrim Londoniae venit prasdictus Georgius Boleyn miles, dorninus
Kocheford, sub custodia prsefati Willelmi Kyngeston militis, constabularii,
&c., in cujus custodiam pra3antea ex causis prasdictis et aliis certis de
causis per mandatum dicti domini regis commissus fuit, virtute brevis et
prgecepti prajdictorum ad barram hie ductus in propria persona sua. Et
statim de proditionibus prasdictis sibi superius impositis allocutus qualiter
se velit inde acquietare ; dicit quod ipse in nullo est inde culpabilis. Et
inde de bono et malo ponit se super pares suos, &c.

Super quo praedicti Dux [Suffolciae], Marchio Exonice, ac onmes comites
et barones antedicti praafato comite Northumbrian propter subitaneam

224 APPENDIX.

debilitatem corporis sui tantummodo excepto et absente predict! domini
Rocheford pares instanter super eorum fidelitatem et ligeanciam dicto
domino regi debitam, per prasfatum Senescallum Anglise de veritate inde
dicenda onerati et postea per eundem Senescallum Anglias ab inferiore pare
usque ad supremum parium illorum separatim inde examinati. Quilibet
eorum per se separatim dicit quod prasdictus dominus Rocheford de
proditionibus pra3dictis sibi superius impositis est culpabilis modo et
forma prout per separalia indictamenta prcedicta superius supponitur, &c.
Ob quod instanter servientes dicti domini regis ad legem ac ipsius regis
attornatus juxta debitam legis formam petunt versus eundem dominum
Rocheford judicium et executionem superinde pro dicto domine rege
habendum, &c. Et super hoc, visis ac per curiam hie intellects omnibus
et singulis prsemissis, consensum est quod pra3dictus dominus Rocheford
ducatur per preefatuin constabularinm, &c. usque prisonam dicti domini
regis infra eandem Turrim. Et deinde per medium civitatis Londonism
usque ad furcas" de Tyburn trahatur et ibidem suspendatur et vivens ad
terram prosternatur et interiora sua extra ventrem suum capiantur,
ipsoque vivente, comburentur. Et quod caput ejus amputetur, quodque
corpus ejus in quatuor partes dividatur ac quod caput et quarteria ilia
ponantur ubi dominus rex ea assignare voluerit, &c. In margin, Tractus
et suspensus.

A duplicate of this enrolment then follows, numbered MS. 7-13.

In this same Pouch (IX.) are the originals of several of the documents
entered on the above enrolment; most of them are considerably damaged,
and, as they contain no new information except the endorsements, it is not
requisite here to reproduce them. They are strung on a file promiscuously
in the order indicated by the numbers in the margin, but are here
arranged chronologically so far as each session is concerned, that for
Middlesex preceding Kent.

10 May, 28 Indictment found at Westminster before the Justices for Middlesex.

Hen. 8. Wednesday next after three weeks of Easter.

(M. 18.)

12 May, 28 Original Commission appointing Thomas Duke of Norfolk, Treasurer,

Hen 8 and Earl Marshal of England, to the office of Lord High Steward of

(M. 17.)

BAGA DE SECKETIS, POUCH IX. 225

England, to receive the indictments found against Queen Anne and the
Lord Rochford, and to call them before him for the purpose of hearing
and examining them and compelling them to answer thereto, being
identical with the Letters Patent already copied from the enrolment,
This parchment is the fourth on the file, and has an impression of the
Great Seal appended.

Writ for Middlesex, addressed to Sir John Baldewyn, Sir Richard 13 May, 28
Lyster, and others, the Special Commissioners of Oyer and Terminer for
the county of Middlesex, commanding them to return ail indictments against
the Queen and Lord Rochford before the Lord High Steward.

Writ addressed to Sir William Kyngston, knt. Constable of the 13 May, 28
Tower, and his Lieutenant or Deputy, commanding him to bring Queen
Anne and Lord Rochford before the Lord High Steward as he shall be
required.

Precept addressed by the Lord High Steward to Sir John Baldewyn 13 May, 28
and his fellows, commanding them to return the indictment before him at
the Tower on Monday, the 15th May.

Dorso. Responsum Johannis Baldewyn militis, unius justiciariorum
infrascriptorum. Indictamenta de alta proditione infrascripta dominam
[Annam regin] am et Georgium Boleyn militem, doininum [Rochford]
adeo plene et integre prout coram me et [aliis] justiciariis infrascriptis

capta fuerunt, coram infranominat diem et locum infra-

contentos mitto prout interius michi [praecipitur].

Precept addressed by the Lord High Steward to the Constable of the 13 May, 28

Tower, commanding him to bring the bodies of Queen Anne and the Lord

(M 14 )
Rochford before him on Monday, the 15th day of May.

Dorso. Responsum Willelmi Kyngeston militis, Constabularii infra-
scripti Turris Londonise.

praeceptum infranominati Domina [Anna] Reg[ina]

Angliae et Georgius Boleyn miles, dominus Rocheford, michi per dominum
regem pro quibusdam altis proditionibus commissi fuerunt et ea de causa
sub custodia mea detenti existunt; corpora tamen eorundem regina? et

CAMD. SOC. 2 G

226 APPENDIX.

Georgii coram infranominato Senescallo ad diem et locum infracontentos
parata habeo prout interius michi praecipitur.

i
13 May, 28 Precept addressed by the Lord High Steward to Ealph Felmyngham,

Serieant-at-Arms, commanding him to summon such and so many Lords,

/"IT -I n \ **

Proceres, and Magnates of England, peers of the said Queen Anne and
Lord Rochford, by whom the truth can be better made to appear.

Dorso. Responsum Radulphi Felmyngham, servientis domini regis
[ad] arma.

15 May, 28 A portion of the orginal panel of the Peers, annexed to the preceding

Precept. In this panel the name of " Thomas " Lord Dacre is written in
CM 15 ")

place of William, which is crossed through; this was probably a mistake

of the scribe, who had confused Thomas Lord Dacre with William Lord
Dacre of the North, who were both then living, but only the former sat
upon the trial. The names of the Peers are pricked off in the margin,
evidently as they came in, and against each name is written the abbreviated
word " CuP " twice repeated in the handwriting of the Lord High Steward,
being evidently the answer " culpabilis " upon each arraignment. Only
17 of the names are now left, commencing with the Earl of Sussex, the
upper part of the strip of parchment having entirely perished.

11 May, 28 Indictment found at Deptford before the justices for Kent against the

Queen and Lord Rochford, as printed from the enrolment.

(M. 21.)

878039

Wriothesley, C

A chronicle of England

DA

20

.Cl?

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vol. 1