Skip to main content

Full text of "Chronicle of Scottish poetry ; from the thirteenth century, to the union of the crowns :"

See other formats 


Digitized  by  tine  Internet  Arcliive 

in  2007  witli  funding  from 

IVIicrosoft  Corporation 


Iittp://www.arcliive.org/details/clironicleofscott04sibbiala 


OF 

SCOTTISH   POETRY; 

FROM 

THE  THIRTEENTH  CENTURY, 

TO 

THE   UNION  OF    THE   CROWNS: 

TO    WHICH    IS    ADOKO 

A  GLOSSARTt 

BY  J.   SIBBALD. 

■       '  ■  — -^—         ■■  i«i  ■ 

Multa  renafcentur  qua  jam  cecidere. — HoR. 

IN    FOUR   VOLUMES. 

VOLUME  IV. 


EDINBURGH: 


PRINTED    FOR   J.    SIBBALD,    FARLIAMEKT   CLOSE, 

By  C.  Stewart  \Sf  Co.  Printtn  t«  tht  Univerjity  ; 

SOLD  BY  P.  HILL,  AND  ROSS  &  BLACKWOOD  : 

AND  BY  G.   &  VV;  NICOL,  AND  LONGMAN  &  REES, 

LONDON* 

1802. 


\ 


OBSERVATIONS 

ON  THE  ORIGIN  OF  THE  TERMS 

JPICTI,  CALEDONII,  anix  SCOTTL 


1  HE  "  Alphabetical  Explanation  of  hard  and 
difficult  words  in  Gawin  Douglas  *s  tranjlation  of 
Vir^iPs  jEneis**  by  the  celebrated  gjjddiman, 
may  be  confidered  as  the  ground-work  of  this 
Gloflary  j  while,  at  the  fame  time,  all  the 
befl  Gloflaries  of  the  Scottifh  and  old  Englifli 
languages  have  been  carefully  confulted.  Re- 
courfe  has  alfo  been  had  to  foine  of  the  beft 
Teutonic,  Anglo-Saxon,  and  Scandinavian  dic- 
tionaries, in  one  or  other  of  which,  almoft  every 
old  Scottifh  word  is  to  be  found,  with  nearly  the 
fame  fignification.  Under  the  Teytonic  are 
comprehended  the  various  dialeds  ufed  in  Bel- 
gium or  the  Netherlands,  and  in  the  North-weft 
of  Germany  The  Anglo-Saxon,  as  every  one 
knows,  is  the  antient  language  of  England  j  and 
Vol.  IV.  A  the 


the  Scandinavian  comprehends  the  languages  oi 
Denmark,  Sweden,  Norway,  and  Iceland.     The 
whole  of  thefe  are,  indeed,  but  various  dialects 
of  the  fame  language  ;  fo  that  the  fame  Scottilh 
word  is  frequently  to  be  found  in  all  of  them, 
with  only  fome  flight  variation  of  the  orthogra- 
phy.   It  appears,  however,  that  the  Scottilh  dia- 
led has  a  much  greater  affinity  with  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  and  with  the  Teutonic  or  Belgic  than 
with  any  of  the  Scandinavian  dialects  j  and,  with 
refpeft  to  the  two  firft,  it  appears  that  a  cognate 
word  is  more  readily  difcovered  in  the  Teutonic 
cli6lionary_gf  J^yjan  than  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  ot 
Lyf.     The  origin  or  caufe  of  this  affinity  war 
lirft  pointed  out  in  1742  by  Sir  John  Clerk  ot 
Pennycuik,  in  "  An  Enquiry  into  the  antient  lan- 
guage of  Britain  ;'*  a  paper  intended  for  the  Phi- 
lofophical  Society  of  Edinburgh,  and  printed  on- 
ly within  thefe  few  years  in  the  Bibliotheca  To- 
pographica.      This  being  a  voluminous  work, 
and  in  the  hands  of  few,  a  confiderable  part  of 
the    following    curfory    obfervations    Ihall    be 
given  in  the  words  of  Baron  Clerk's  Enquiry. 
The  purpofe  of  them  is  nothing  more  than  to 
fubmit  to  the  reader  a  conjecture  with  refped  to 
the  origin  of  the  appellatives  Pidi,  Caledonii,  and 
Scotti ;  a  conjefture  which,  if  not  probable,  is  at 
leaft  new.    As,  unhappily,  we  have  not  any  mo- 
numents of  the  Lowland  Scottifh  of  an  older 

date 


(    ii!     ) 

date  than  the  thirteenth  centurjr,  it  is  chiefly  by- 
means  of  the  etymology  of  appellatives  that  we 
can  form  any  rational  conjefture  concerning  the 
antient  inhabitants  and  language  of  the  country. 
If  it  could  be  afcertained  that  the  Caledonii  of 
Tacitus  Were  a  German  or  Belgic  people,  and 
that  the  names  of  Caledonii  and  Pi6li  denoted 
not  only  the  fame  people,  but  were  derived  from 
words  having  the  fame  fignification  ;  and,  at  the 
fame  time,  that  this  fignification  exprefled  one  of 
the  mod  remarkable  circumftances  in  their  mode 
of  life  ;  while,  on  the  other  hand,  the  appella- 
tive Scotti  was  derived  from  a  word  indicating  a 
contrary  way  of  living,  fome  light  might  be 
thrown  on  a  fubjeft  of  no  fmall  importance  in 
the  antient  hiftory  of  North  Britain.  The  prin- 
cipal arguments  which  are  ufed  by  Sir  John 
Clerk  and  Mr  Pinkerton  to  prove  the  German 
or  Teutonic  origin  of  the  Caledonians  are  the 
following : 

Cacfar,  in  his  fifth  book  of  commentaries, 
("  de  Bello  Gallico,")  hath  thefe  words ;  «  Bri- 
tanniae  pars  interior  ab  iis  incolitur  quos  natos 
in  infula  ipfa  memoria  proditum  dicunt ;  mari- 
tima  pars  ab  iis  qui  prsedse  ac  belli  inferendi 
caufa,  ex  Belgio  tranfierunt ;  et  nominibus  civi- 
tatum  appellantur,  quibus  orti  ex  civitatibus  eo 
pervenerunt,  et  bello  illati  ibi  remanferunt,  atque 
ngros  colere  caeperunt.  i^c.'*  i.  e.  The  inland  part 

of 


C    ir    ) 

of  Britain  is  poffeffed  by  thofe  who  are  reported 
to  have  been  produced  in  the  island  itfelf ;  and 
who  fow  no  corn,  but  live  upon  milk  and  flefh  ; 
the  maritime  part,  by  thofe  who  have  pafled  from 
Belgic  Gaul,  and  are  almoft  all  called  by  the 
names  of  thofe  cities  from  which  they  had  their 
original.  After  they  had  made  war,  they  conti- 
nued there,  and  began  to  cultivate  the  ground. 
He  elfewhere  informs  us,  *'  Belgas  effe  ortos  a 
Germanis,**  that  the  Belgae  fprung  from  the 
Germans  j  or,  in  other  words,  they  were  Ger- 
mans. 

Ptolemy,  who  wrote  his  geography  of  Britain 
in  the  fecond  century,  places  the  Belgse  in  the 
fouth  parts  of  England,  viz.  in  Somerfetlhire, 
Hamplhire,  and  Wiltfhire,  and  afcribes  to  them 
chiefly  two  cities  j  one  of  them  fuppofed  to  be 
Bath  or  Wells,  and  the  other  Winchefter. 

From  that  antient  treatife  called  Notitia  Im- 
perii, written  before  the  invafion  of  the  lafl  Sax- 
ons in  the  fifth  century,  it  appears  that  the  littus 
SaxonUum  was  particularly  taken  care  of  by  the 
Romans  j  being  placed  under  the  authority  of  a 
Magiftrate  who  was  called  Comes  littoris  Saxo- 
nici.  We  have  there  alfo  an  account  of  feveral 
offices,  fub  difpofitione  comitis  Hi  tons  Saxonici  in 
Britannia  ;  and  fo  are  not  left  to  doubt  that  thefe 
fliores  were  inhabited  by  a  race  of  people  from 
Germanv,  whom  the  Romans  confidered  as  a 

verv 


(  *  ) 

vety  confiderable  part  of  the  inhabitants  of  Bri- 
tain. 

Tacitus,  fpeaking  of  the  Suevi  and  Aeftyi, 
(populi  Pruflias,  et  Livonias,  Suevi,  Pomeraniae, 
et  provinciarum  finiiimarum,)  fays,  "  quibus  ri- 
tus  habitufque  Suevorum  linguae  Britannicas  pro- 
prior  ;**  i.  e.  that  the  Suevi,  (a  German  people 
between  the  Kibe  and  the  Viftula,)  fpoke  a  lan- 
guage which  refembled  that  of  the  Britifli. 

The  fame  writer,  in  his  life  of  Agricola,  fays, 
**  Rutilae  Caledoniam  habitantium  comae,  magni 
artiis,  Germanicam  originem  afleverant,  fermo 
haud  multo  diverfus ;"  i.  e.  the  red  hair  and 
large  limbs  of  thofe  inhabiting  Caledonia  afliire 
us  of  their  German  origin  j  their  language  being 
alfo  not  much  different.*'  It  is  not  indeed  cer- 
tain that  Tacitus  himfelf  was  ever  in  Britain,  or 
that  he  wrote  from  his  own  proper  knowledge  ; 
but  being  the  fon-in-law  of  Agricola,  the  Roman 
General  there,  and  having  lived  long  in  Belgic 
Gaul  as  procurator,  he  had  great  opportunities 
of  intelligence.  Befides,  among  the  auxiliary 
troops  in  Agricola's  army,  there  were  whole  co- 
horts of  Batavi  and  Tungri,  who  are  defcribed 
by  Tacitus  himfelf  as  Germans  ;  confcquently 
they  mufl  have  been  able  to  recognife  their  mo- 
ther tongue  when  they  heard  it  fpoken  by  tlie 
Caledonian*. 

That 


C    v!    ) 

That  thefe  Caledonians  were  the  fame  people 
who  in  the  following  century  were  called  Pidts, 
appears  from  a  paffage  in  Eumenius.  In  his  ora- 
tion fpoken  (A.  D.  296)  upon  the  viftory  of 
Conftantius  over  Aileclus,  he  ufes  the  following 
words  :  "  Adhoc  natio  etiam  tunc  rudis,  et  foli 
Britannij  Piftis  modo,  et  Hibernis,  alTueta  hoUi- 
bus  adhuc  feminudis,  facile  Romanis  armis  fig- 
nifque  ccfierunt ;  i.  e.  Moreover,  the  nation  he 
(Julius  Csefar)  attacked  was  then  rude ;  and  the 
Britons,  ufed  only  to  the  Pifts  and  Irilh  as  ene- 
mies, and  being  yet  themfelves  Ixit  half  naked, 
eafily  yielded  to  the  Roman  arms  and  enfigns. 
And  again,  in  the  year  310.  "  Neque  enim  ille 
vot  tantifque  rebus  geftis,  non  dico  Caledonum, 
aliorumque  Pidorum,  frlvas  et  paludes,  fed  nee 
Hiberniam  proximum,  neg  Thulen  ultimam,  nee 
ipfas,  fi  quse  funt,  Fortunatorum  infulas,  digna- 
tur  acquirere,  &c.  j"  i.  e.  For,  by  fo  many  and 
fo  great  adions,  he  deigns  not  to  acquire,  I  will 
not  fay  the  woods  and  mar  flies  of  tbe  Caledonians 
and  other  Pids,  but  Ireland,  which  lies  nigheft, 
&c. ;  from  this  paflage  it  appears  almod  unquef- 
tionably  that  the  Caledonians  were  Pit^s  ;  and 
that  the  Hibernj  were  a  differeilt  race  of  men. 

Under  the  year  364,  Ammianus  Marcellinus^ 
iifes  thefe  words  :  "  Pidi,  Saxonefque,  et  Scotti, 
et  Attacotti,  Britannos  serumnis  vexavere  conti- 
nuis."      The  Pifts  and  Saxons,  and  Scots  and 

Attacots 


{     vii     ) 

Auacots  vexed  the  Britons  with  continual  bai-afl- 
ments :  And  under  the  year  368  he  fays,  "  Eo 
tempore  Pidi  in  duas  gentes  divifi,  Dicalcdonas 
et  VeO:uriones,  itidemque  Attacotti,  bellicofa  ho- 
minum  natio,  et  Scotti  per  diverfa  vagantes,  muU 
ta  populabantur  ;'*  i.  e.  At  this  timp  the  Picts, 
divided  into  two  nations,  the  Dicaledonac  and 
Vedturiones,  as  ^Ifo  the  Attacots,  a  warUke  na- 
tion, and  the  Scots,  wandering  divers  ways,  ra- 
vaged many  parts.  Thefe  notices  are  immediate 
and  prefent ;  not  retrofpeftive,  as  tliat  of  the 
Pifts  by  Eumenius ;  and  afford  a  flrong  proof 
that  the  Caledonians  and  Pi<its  were  one  and  the 
fame  people ;  al(b,  according  to  Sir  John  Clerk, 
that  the  Saxons  here  mentioned  were  inhabitants 
of  fome  part  of  Britain  ;  and  laflly,  that  the 
Scotti  per  diverfa  vagantes  are  the  fame  people 
who  are  mentioned  by  Eumenius  under  the  name 
of  Hiberni ;  in  after  times  called  the  wil J  or  luan- 
dering  Scots,  in  contra-diflm£lion  to  the  civilized 
Scots  or  Vefturiones,  who  are  placed  by  Richard 
of  Cirenceller,  in  Fife,  Angus,  &c. 

To  come  to  Britifh  authors  ; — x'Vdomnan, 
who  about  690,  wrote  the  life  of  Columba,  men- 
tions that  he  had  an  interpreter  between  him  and 
the  PiOs.  Columba  was  an  Iriflmian  ;  fo  that 
the  PiQs  could  not  be  Gael  or  Hiberni  •  and  c- 
ven  from  this  they  \^'ou1lI  feem  not  Cumri  or 
antient  Britons,  for  we  fmd  Patrick,  a  Cumraig, 
preached  to  the  Irifli  without  an  interpreter,  as 

.may 


C     vlli     ) 

may  be  feen  In  the  many  large  lives  of  him, 
where  not  a  word  of  an  interpreter  is  mention-^ 
ed. 

Bede,  who  wrote  about  the  year  730,  defcribes 
the  Pi6ls  as  a  people  who  came  from  Scythia  ; 
or  from  the  South  of  Scythia,  according  to  the 
Saxon  Chronicle  ;  and  it  is  commonly  under- 
ftood  that  the  Scythia  of  Bede  is  the  Germany 
of  Tacitus.  If  the  Scythia  of  the  Saxon  Chro- 
nicle fliould  rather  mean  Scandinavia,  we  may 
confider  the  mother  country  of  the  Pidts  to  have 
been  fomewhere  at  no  great  diftance  from  the 
mouth  of  the  Baltic.  Here  it  is  proper  to  men- 
tion, that  Bede  fays  there  were,  in  his  time,  (be- 
fides  the  Latin,)  four  languages  fpoken  in  Brir 
tain,  -viz.  Anglorum,  Britonum,  Scotorum  et 
Piftorum  ;  i.  e.  Anglo  Saxon  or  Old  Englifh  ; 
Britifli  or  Welch  ;  Scottifh  or  Hibernian  ;  and 
Pi6li(h  or  the  language  of  the  Veduriones :  And 
Nennius,  about  the  year  850,  gives  us  the  fame 
information ;  *'  In  Britannia  prius  habitabant 
quatuor  gentes,  Scoti,  Pidi,  atque  Saxones  et 
Britones  j"  in  both  of  which  enumerations,  the 
Anglo-Saxons,  and  Britifli  of  the  South  of  BrI-, 
tain  are  oppofed  to  the  Pids  and  Scoti,  or  Hi- 
bemi  of  the  North.  Thus  it  feems  probable, 
that  long  before  the  arrival  of  the  Saxons  under 
Hengift;  in  the  fifth  century,  the  whole  Eafliera 
parts  of  Britain  were  inhabited  by  a  people  oi 

German 


(  >^  ) 

German  or  Teutonic  origin ;  and  that  the 
language  of  the  Ve£luriones,  or  of  Pechtland, 
differed  but  little  from  that  of  the  littora  Saxo- 
nies, or  Eallerji  parts  of  England  j  probably  not 
faore  than  at  prefent. 

The  Saxons,  of  Vandalic  origin,  are  mention- 
ed by  Ptolomey  as  a  people  of  Germany,  near 
the  Cherfonefus  Cimbrica,  or  about  the  mouth 
pf  the  Elbe ;  and  in  all  probability  bore  that 
name  before  any  of  them  emigrated  into  Britain. 
But  neither  of  the  two  names  of  the  German 
people  who  inhabited  the  Eaftem  parts  of  Scot- 
land, feems  to  have  been  ufed  by  any  antient  na- 
tion of  the  Continent ;  nor  has  any  fatisfadory 
account  be^i  given  of  the  origin  of  thefe 
names. 

Thefe  people,  in  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  and  in 
King  Alfred's  tranflation  of  Bede's  Ecclefiaftical 
Hiftory,  are  uniformly  called,  (not  Pi£ki  or  Picki, 
but)  Peohtas,  Pyhtar,  and  Peahte-theod,  (that  is 
Peoht  people);  by  the  vulgar,  to  this  day,  all  over 
Scotland,  Peyhts ;  by  the  antient  Welch  writ- 
ers, Phicbtied ;  and  by  the  Irifh  and  Gaelic, 
Cruithneachd.  As  the  language  of  the  Anglo- 
Saxons  differed  little  from  that  of  the  Pids,  the 
name  given  to  the  latter  by  the  Anglo-Saxons 
probably  comes  neareft  to  that  ufed  by  the  peo- 
ple themfelves.  And,  if  they  called  themfelves 
by  fuch  a  name  as  Peohtas,  the  circuraflance 

Vol.  IV.  B  to 


(  '^  ) 

to  be  mentioned  below  authorifes  a  conjecture 
that   they   alTumed    this   appellation    from   the 
ftriking  difference  between  their  mode  of  life 
;ind  that  of  the  Scotti  or  Hiberni,  their  neigh- 
bours to  the  Weftward.     It  has  alfo  been  fhewn 
that,  as  far  back  as  the  time  of  Julius  Caefar,  the 
inhabitants  of  the  interior,  or  rather  perhaps  the 
"Weftern  parts  of  England,  did  not  fow  corn,  but 
lived  upon  milk  and  flefh  ;  and  that  in  the  year 
368,  the  Scotti  are  defcribed  as  "  per  diverfa  va- 
gantes/'   i.  e.  a  people  who  led   a  wandering 
life  ;  which  feems  to  imply  that  they  lived  much 
in   the    fame  manner  as  the  anceflors  of  the 
Welch  i  that  is,  not  by  raifmg  of  corn,  but  up- 
on animal  food.     And  it  is  remarkable,  that  the 
name  which  they  gave  to  the  Peyht-folk  figni- 
fies  alfo  in  their  language  wheat ;  fo  that  Cruit/j- 
tieacbt,  without  any  llretch  of  meaning,  feems  to 
fignifyy^a'^rj  of  wheat,  or  people  who  fubfijtcd  up", 
on  corn. 

The  key  to  the  explanation  of  the  term  Pecht- 
iheod,  or  Pccht-people,  is  probably  the  initial  fyl- 
Jable  of  the  names  of  all  fuch  places  in  Scotland 
as  begin  with  Pit  or  Pitten ;  as  Pit-fligo,  Pit- 
ferran,  Pit-medie,  Pit-illock,  Pit-arow,  Pit-liver  ; 
Pitten-crief,  Pitten-weym,  Pitten- dreich.  This; 
initial  Pit  has  every  appearance  of  being  the 
fame  with  the  Belgic  Paecht  or  Pacht,  which  in 
|he  didionaries  of  Wachter  and  Kilian  is   exr 

plaine4 


jilained  villa,  cohnia  ;  and  may  perhaps  be  near- 
ly allied  with  the  Latin  Pagus,  i.  e.  victis  ubi  mul- 
ta  edificia  rujiica  funt  conjunSla.  In  the  fame 
diftionaries  we  alfo  find  the  compofite  Am- 
bachten  or  Ampaechten,  (the  plural  of  Am-bacHt 
or  Am-paecht,)  thus  explained ;  "  ejufmodi  in 
civitatibus  corpora  dicuntur  quae  unum  fibi  le- 
gunt,  cujus  au£loritatem  perinde  atque  capitis 
fui  vcnerantur.  Hinc  apud  Flandros  quatuor 
pagi  funt,  aut  potius  unus  pagus  in  quatuor  re- 
giones  divifus,  cujus  fmgulae  partes  am-bachtcn 
vocantur :  qifod  diligenter  notandum,  ne  quis  o- 
pinetur  hoc  vocabulo  mechanicam  artem  fignifi- 
care,  quod  quidam  fermonis  fui  nimis  rudes  opi- 
nantur.  Ambachten  funt  collegia  artijicum  in  ci- 
vitafibus."  In  conformity  with  this  explanation 
of  Paccht  and  Am-pacht,  Kil-an  makes  this  lafl 
fynonimous  with  the  Teutonic  Ghilde,  which  he 
explains,  focietat  contributionum,  fjfcenium^fyjfitiay 
fhr atria yfodalit as,  corpus. 

If,  then,  the  Caledonians  or  Paecht  theod  were 
a  German  people,  as  Tacitus  defcribes  them,  it 
feems  not^  improbable  that  thefe  terms  Pascht, 
and  its  compofite  Am- bacht,  or  Am-paecht,  were 
the  origin  of  the  modem  Fit  or  Peth  ;  both  of 
them  fignifying  a  'village  or  town  inhabited  by  in- 
corporated citizens ,  fuch  as  artificers,  hufband- 
men,  merchants,  &c.  who  might  find  it  their  in- 
tereft  to  aflbciate  in  this  manner,  either  for  the 

purpofc 


(     *ii     ) 

purpofe  of  mutual  defence,  or  of  carrying  on 
their  various  occupations  to  the  befl  advantage  ; 
a  mode  of  hfe  which  mufl  have  differed  extreme- 
ly from  that  of  their  neighbours  the  Scotti,  per 
diverfa  vagantes,  who  perhaps  chofe  to  live  more 
at  large,  and  to  fubfifl:  upon  the  produce  of  their 
herds  of  cattle,  or  by  the  means  of  fifliing  and 
hunting. 

Of  all  the  various  occupations  or  profellions 
of  thefe  ajfociated  viliagersy  it  is  natural  to  fup- 
pofe  that  none  would  be  more  refpeftable  or  nu- 
merous than  the  clafs  of  hufbandmen.  Accord- 
ingly, in  the  di£tionaries  already  mentioned,  we 
find  Psechter  and  Pachter  explained  colonus, 
eondudtor,  prsbdii  rullici  conductor,  i.  e.  huf- 
bandman  or  farmer  ;  in  early  times,  perhaps,  a 
perfon  who  contributed  one  or  more  oxen  to  the 
number  which  was  deemed  neceffary  for  culti- 
vating a  ploughgate  of  land,  or  fifty  acres. 

Every  one  knows  that  hufbandmen  were  an- 
tiently  little  better  than  Haves  to  the  great  Ba- 
rons or  Land-holders.  Accordingly,  we  find 
in  the  fame  didionaries  the  term  Am-pachter  ex- 
plained "  ambadus,  cliens,  vafallus ;"  and  in 
the  Gothic  Gofpels  of  Ulphilas  Andbahtos,  ufed 
for  "  mihifler,"  (John  xviii.  i8.)  It  is  proba- 
ble, indeed,  that  the  Latin  word  ambadus  is  de- 
rived from  the  Belgic  am-pachter.  It  is  thus  uf- 
ed by  Caefar :  **  ut  quifque  (GallornmJ  eft  ge- 

nere 


f    xlii    5 

iiere  copilfque  ampliflimus,  ita  plurimos  circa  fe 
ambados  clientefque  habet.'*  And  of  this  word 
ambadus,  Feftus  fays,  "  lingua  Gallica  fervus 
dicitur  ;**  to  which  quotation  is  added  by  Wach- 
ter,  "  quod  de  lingua  Galliss,  Belgicae  intelli- 
genduni,"  And  we  have  the  teftimony  of  Cse- 
far,  "  Belgas  ejfe  ortos  a  Gernianis,'*  that  the  Bel- 
gae  fprung  from  the  Germans ;  and  of  Strabo, 
that  the  manners  of  the  Belgae  and  Germans 
were  quite  the  fame.  The  Anglo-Saxon  term 
eorrefponding  nearly  with  the  Belgic  Am-pacbicr 
and  Latin  Ambadus  appears  under  the  form  of 
Am-biht-men,  and  is  explained  miniflri,  fcrvientes, 
ftipatores,  fatellites,  pediflequi. 

It  thus  appears  that  all  thefe  words,  viz.  Paecht 
or  Pacht,  Paechterr  or  Pachter,  Ambacht  or  Am- 
piht,  Ambachteh,  and  Ambiht-men  are  of  one 
and  the  fame  family  ;  all  of  them  fignifying  ei- 
ther a  village  containing  ajfociated  ciiizensy  or  the 
inhabitants  of  ajfociated  villages.  To  the  fame 
clafs  of  words,  1  have  no  doubt,  we  may  refer 
not  only  the  initial  Pith  or  Pit  in  the  names  of 
places,  but  the  appellation  of  Pehts  or  Pids^  by 
which  the  inhabitants  of  the  greater  part  of 
North  Britain  were  difUnguifhed,  from  the  third 
to  the  t^velfth  century.  The  literal  meaning  of 
the  word  was  probably  no  more  than  the  inhabi- 
tants of  ajfociated  villages  ;  and  accordingly,  in 
the  Saxon  Chronicle,  they  are  fometimes  called 

'  Peht-. 


Pebi-ihcod ',  from  Bdg.  pacbt,  villa,  colonia,  pa- 
gus  ;  or  ampacht,  coitio  fodalium,  collegiumy 
fodalitas  ;  and  theod,  gensj  populus ;  and  their 
country  Peht-land,  Peth-land  and  Pet-land  ;  now 
corrupted  to  Pentland. 

It  is  worthy  of  obfervation,  that  almoft  all 
thofe  places  in  Scotland  which  have  the  initial 
fyllable  Peth  or  Pitt  are  fituated  within  twenty 
itiiles  of  the  fea,  or  of  a  navigable  river  ;  from 
which  it  may  be  inferred  that  they  were  among 
the  firft  built  villages  or  towns  in  North  Bri- 
tain ;  probably  a  thoufand  years  older  than  any 
fuch  villages  among  the  wandering  Scotti.  Thus 
living  among,  or  in  the  vicinity  of  a  people  who 
did  720/  affociate  in  villages,  or  did  not  even  con- 
flruct  houfes,  but  fheltered  themfelves  in  woods 
and  caves,  it  was  natural  for  the  Belgi  to  diftin- 
guifh  themfelves  by  a  name  which  was  defcrip- 
tive  of  their  fecial  mode  of  life. 

This  etymology  of  Peht-theod  or  Peychtes, 
and  Peht-land  or  Peth-land,  will  not  be  invali- 
dated by  the  circumftance  that  in  the  vicinity  of 
fome  of  thefe  places,  beginning  with  Peth  ox  Pitt, 
there  are  coalleries  j  whence  it  might  be  inferred 
that  the  narhes  are  derived  from  the  coal-pits. 
Places  thus  named  are  chiefly  between  the  friths 
of  Forth  and  Murray.  In  this  extenfive  diftricl 
there  are  no  collieries,  except  a  few  in  the  very 
Southern  extremity  ;   and  thefe  are  probably  of 

a 


(      XV      ) 

a  much  later  date  than  the  names  of  the  places. 
And  in  other  parts  of  Scotland  where  coal  pits 
abound,  we  find  no  name  of  a  place  beginning 
with  Pit.  It  is  not,  therefore,  likely  that  this 
can  be  the  origin  of  the  name.  The  Scottifh  terra 
is  not  coal-pit,  but  coal  heugh. 

From  the  fit  nation  of  thefe  places  beginning 
with  Pit,  it  may  be  conje«5l:ured  that  the  friths  of 
Forth  and  Murray  were  originally  the  bounds  of 
the  Pidifli  dominions  or  Peth  land  on  the  South 
and  North  ;  and  that  the  Pifbs  occupied  chiefly 
the  arable  land  adjoining  to  the  coaft  or  naviga- 
ble rivers.  Here  they  carried  on  the  bufmefs  of 
agriculture  ;  and  hence,  by  their  neighbours  the 
Scotti,  they  were  called  Crutheneihd  or  fowerx 
of  wheat.  And  it  is  a  circumftance  worth  men- 
tioning, that  the  Highland  labourers  who  annu- 
ally come  down  to  aflift  the  Lowlanders  in  cut- 
ting down  their  crop,  call  them  at  this  day  by  a 
name  equivalent  to  the  Strangers. 

But,  although  Belgic  pachts  or  villages  were 
fcattered  over  the  whole  coafl;  between  the  coun- 
ties of  Clackmannan  and  Nairn,  the  principal,  if 
not  the  earliefl:  domain  of  the  Peychts  feems  to 
have  been  the  counties  of  Fife,  Angus,  and 
Carfe  of  Gowrie ;  the  chief  regal  feats,  (if  the 
term  regal  can  wiih  propriety  be  ufed,)  being  at 
Forteviot  and  Abernethy.  In  this  diftrid  Rich- 
ard of  Cireiiceltcr  places  the  Vecturiones  ;    by 

wliich 


C     xvi   J 

which  name  the  Southern  Pids  are  diftinguifhed 
jn  the  fourth  century  from  the  Di-Caledonii,  or 
Picts  along  the  coall  to  the  Eaflward  of  the  Mur- 
ray frith  ;  or  from  the  county  of  Nairn  round 
perhaps  to  Aberdeen.  That  this  term  Vec- 
turiones  is  derived  from  the  fame  fource,  can 
fcarcely  admit  of  a  doubt ;  it  being  well  known 
that  the  labials  P ,  B,  and  V  or  F  are  inter- 
changeable in  almoft  every  language  ;  and,  in 
conformity  with  this  principle,  that  the  Welch 
name  for  the  Pi6ls  is  Phichtiad  or  Fichtied. 

Another  antient  name  of  the  country  inhabitr 
ed  by  the  Vefturiones  was  Foth-ryk  or  Fothrev. 
This  feems  alfo  a  Belgic,  not  a  Scandinavian 
word,  fignifying  the  kingdom  of  the  Barons,  or 
that  part  of  the  country  which  particularly  a- 
bounded  with  caftles  or  feats  of  the  Pidifh  no- 
bility ;  from  Teutonic  Voght,  (or  according  to 
the  Scandinavian  orthography,  Fogd,)  prasfedus, 
toparcha,  prsefedtus  arcis  ;  and  r/V,  regnum.  Ac- 
cording to  Mr  Macpherfon,  in  his  Geographical 
Jlliistrations  of  Scottijh  History,  Fothric  contained 
the  upper  part  of  Fife-lhire,  with  Kinrofs-fhire, 
and  the  pariflies  of  Clackmannan  and  Muckard  ; 
being  the  parts  which  were  mod  expofed  to  the 
inroads  of  the  Angli  and  other  enemies  on  the 
South  ;  and  therefore  in  greateft  want  of  caftles 
and  ftrong  holds  to  impede  their  progrefs.  The 
name  is  fomctimes  indeed  written  Forthric  ;  and 

hence 


(     xvii     ) 

hence  Lord  Hailes  derives  it  from  Forth ;  but 
this  form  of  the  word  is  probably  a  corruption  ; 
and  even  the  name  of  the  river  may  be  derived 
from  the  fame  fource.  In  the  Sw^edilh  we  find 
Foegderi  explained  praefedlura,  jurifdidlio,  to- 
parcha ;  and  Forteviot  was  antiently  written  Fo- 
ther  as  well  as  Forthar.  In  the  fame  part  of  the 
country  there  are  alfo  various  other  na^mes  of 
places  beginning  with  Fotb  or  Fod.  King  Ken- 
neth, the  fon  of  Malcolm,  was  killed  at  Fother- 
kern,  (now  Fetherkern,)  and  it  is  not  unlikely 
that  the  name  of  Fife  belongs  to  the  fame  clafs 
of  words.  To  conclude  thefe  obfervations  on 
the  etymology  of  the  appellations  of  Peht-theod 
and  Peth-land,  I  fhall  only  add,  that  there  feem 
to  be  no  fuch  words  as  thofe  above  mentioned, 
VIZ.  pacht,  pacbitr,  am-pabt,  &c.  in  the  Danifii 
or  Swedifh  languages ;  and  that,  if  the  deriva- 
tion here  fubmitted  to  the  reader  (hould  be  with- 
out foundation,  it  is  a  remarkable  circumftance 
that  the  appellation  Caledona,  denoting  the  fame 
Belgic  people,  appears  to  be  fynonimous  in  ori- 
ginal, or  literal .  fignification,  with  the  words 
from  which  the  name  of  Pechts  has  been  deriv- 
ed. 

In  the  Conftifutions  of  Charlemagne,  and  in 
the  antient  laws  of  the  Longobards,  the  term  uf- 
ed  for  a  guildry  or  incorporated  body  of  citizens, 
was  Geldonia^  or,  as  it  might  fometijtnes  be  pro- 

VoL..  IV.  C  nounced. 


(   ^y**^   ) 

nounced,  Keldonia,  from  the  Teutonic  verb  geh 
ten^  alfo  written  kelten^  folvere,  mutuo  dare,  red- 
dere  rem  pro  re;  ditiAgelt,  fuppofed  to  fignify  ori- 
ginally "  vices,  et  quaslibet  res  cum  alia  commu- 
tata."  This  affords  room  for  a  conjefture  that 
the  Caledonians  of  Tacitus  were  not  only  the 
fame  people  with  the  Peht-theod  or  Pids,  but 
that  their  name  was  literally  fynonimous  in  all 
refpeds.  The  root  of  this  term  Geldonia  occurs 
in  the  Gothic  gofpels  of  Ulphilas,  Luke  xii.  14, 
us-gildan,  et  fra-gildan,  reddere  ;  and  may  have 
exifted  in  the  language  of  the  Germans  or  Belgi 
long  before  his  time.  Now.  if  the  inhabitants; 
of  the  pahts,  pitts  or  villages  were,  as  Tacitus 
reprefents  ihem,  a  people  who  fpoke  nearly  the 
fame  language,  it  fecms  not  improbable  that  one 
of  the  names  by  which  they  diftinguifhed  them- 
felves  from  the  Scotti  "  per  diverfa  vagantes,** 
might  be  the  Geldonich  or  Keldotiich,  which  the 
Romans  could  fcarcely  latinize  by  any  other 
word  than  Caledonii.  If  there  be  any  truth 
in  this  conjefture,  the  appellation  of  Geldonii  or 
Caledonii  could  never  denote  the  Scotti,  or  inha- 
bitants of  the  hilly  part  of  the  country  j  but  on- 
ly thofe  who  affociated  together  in  villages  or 
towns  in  the  more  fertile  parts  of  the  country. — « 
Had  the  word  been  of  Gaelic,  Irifli  or  Welch 
origin,  fome  appearance  of  it  might  have  been 
expe^ed  to  remain  in  one  or  more  of  thefe  lan- 
guages r, 


(     3ciX      ) 


f'.' 


guages ;  but  no  veftige  of  that  kind  is  to  be 
found.  Some  have  conjeftured  that  the  term 
Caledonii  is  derived  from  the  Welch  kelydhon,  or 
"  woods."  But  certainly  no  part  of  North  Bri- 
tain abounded  more  with  woods  than  the  dif- 
tri£ts  of  Teviotdale,  Selkirk,  Peebles,  and  La- 
nark J  and  yet  the  name  of  Caledonians  was  ne- 
ver given  to  their  inhabitants,  but  was  peculiar 
to  the  people  of  Peht-land  or  Peth-land.  The 
appellation  feems  then  to  have  originated  among 
themfelves  ;  and  from  them  to  have  pafled  di- 
reflly  to  the  Romans. 

It  now  remains  to  offer  a  conjefture  with  re- 
fpeft  to  the  origin  of  the  appellation  of  Scoiti. — 
The  name  is  unknown  in  the  Gaelic  language, 
and  is  firfl  mentioned  by  Ammianus  vlarcelli- 
iius,'  A.  D.  360.  "  In  Britanniis  cum  Scotorum 
Piftorumque,  gentium  ferarum,  excurfus,  &c.*' 
where  "  it  is  joined  with  that  of  Pifti,  as  Hi- 
berni  had  been  fixty-four  years  before  by  Eu- 
menius.**  Hence  it  may  be  inferred,  that  Hi* 
berni  and  Scotti  were  fynonimous.  Under  the 
year  364  they  are  again  mentioned  thus  by  the 
fame  writer :  "  Pi6H,  Saxonefque,  et  Scotti  et 
Attacutti,  Britannos  srumnis  vexavere  conti- 
nuis."  And  tinder  368,  **  Eo  tempore  Picti  in 
duas  gentes  divifi,  Dicaledonas  et  Ve^turiones, 
itidemque  Attacotti,  bellicofa  hominum  natio,  et 
Sc9tti  per  diverfa  vagantes,  &c.**    At  this  time 

the 


the  Pi£ts,  divided  into  two  nations,  the  Di-Cale- 
donas  and  Vefturiones,  as  alfo  the  Attacots,  a 
warlike  nation,  and  the  Scots,  wandering  about 
from  place  to  place,  ravaged  many  parts.  Here 
the  words  "  per  diver/a  vagantes'*  are  defcrip- 
tive  probably  of  the  general  charafter  of  the 
Scotfi ;  as  in  fubfequent  times  they  were  called 
the  wandering,  or  wild  Scots ;  and  Gildas  men- 
tions them  as  coming  from  the  North  weft  to 
invade  the  Britons,  as  the  Pids  came  from  the 
North.  Without  entering  into  the  queflion. 
Whence,  or  at  what  time  the  Scotti  came  into 
North  Britain,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  the 
people  here  defcribed  by  Ammianus,  and  per- 
haps alfo  by  Gildas,  were  the  mhabitants  of  the 
mountainous  parts  of  Scotland,  to  the  North  of 
the  Clyde,  and  Weft  of  Peht-land ;  it  being  in- 
credible that  Argyle-fhire  and  the  head  of  Perth- 
fhire  fhould,  in  the  fourth  and  fifth  centuries,  be 
inhabited  by  Cruthenachd,  or  Jbivers  of  wheat, 
or  by  a  people  who  were  accuftomed  to  aflbciate 
together  in  towns  or  large  villages.  In  the  maps 
of  antient  North  Britain,  no  veftige  appears  of 
any  fuch  places.  And  if  that  part  of  Scotland 
had  been  entirely  uninhabited,  the  wandering 
Scotti,  it  is  probable,  inftead  of  returning  to  Ire- 
land, after  the  feafon  of  depredation  was  at  an 
end,  would  have  taken  pofleffion  of  it  as  a 
country  that  was  fuitable  to  their  mode  of  life  j, 

and 


and  where  they  could  always  be  ready  to  join 
their  allies  the  Pi£ts  at  a  moment's  warning.  The 
mountanous  part  of  North  Britain  mufl  there- 
fore have  been  inhabited  in  the  time  of  Ammia- 
nus  either  by  the  Scotti  or  the  Atta-Cotti ;  both 
of  whom  are  confidered  as  the  fame  with  the 
Hiberni  of  Eumenius. 

It  feems  alfo  not  unlikely  that  Scotti  and  Cottl 
were  originally  the  fame  word  ;  ar^  that  Atta 
is  merely  a  di{tin£Uve  prefix,  denoting  fome  qua- 
lity, or  relative  fituation  of  territory.  The  quef- 
tion  then  comes  to  be.  Whether  Scotti  or  Cotti 
be  the  original  form  of  the  name  ?  It  is  well 
known,  that  in  the  Northern  languages  the  S 
has  frequently  been  prefixed  to  words  that  ori- 
ginally were  written  with  an  initial  C  or  K. — 
Thus  the  Englilh  fcratch  is  formed  from  the 
Teutonic  krat-::,  ;  Jhort  from  hrt ;  Jklender  from 
kleyner  ;  fcop,  now  fliop,  from  ap  ;  fcrapc  from 
krabben  ;  Jkreigh  from  kraeycren  ;  and  in  many 
other  inftances.  I  therefore  am  inclined  to  give 
the  preference,  in  point  of  antiquity,  to  the  form 
of  Cotti^  and  to  believe  that  this  appellation  has 
been  given  to  them  by  their  Belgic  neighbours, 
as  a  nickname  denoting  fome  remarkable  cir- 
cumftance  in  their  manners,  or  mode  of  life.  It 
is  beyond  a.  doubt  that  mankind,  in  a  certain 
ftage  of  civilization,  mull  have  Iheltered  them- 
felves  chiefly  in  caves  and  dens  3    and  it  is  well 

kno\vn 


(     xxii     ) 

known  that  Scotland  abounds  with  lurking  pla- 
ces of  this  kind,  both  natural  and  artificial,  more 
than  any  other  country  in  the  world.  A  great 
number  are  defcribed  in  the  Stati/iical  Account. — ■ 
Some  of  them  are  of  immenfe  extent ;  "  capable 
of  lodging  five  or  fix  hundred  people."  Some 
are  fcooped  out  among  rocks  ;  others  are  con- 
ftruded  below  ground  in  the  plains ;  and  thefe, 
without  the  a:^ftance  of  arches,  which  tends  to 
evince  their  high  antiquity.  In  fome  of  them 
are  found  large  quantities  of  peat  or  of  wood 
afhes,  with  fragments  of  rude  earthen  vefifels,' 
and  other  houfehold  implements  ;  fometimes  a- 
round  the  entrance  of  them  confiderable  ftrata 
of  bones  and  oyfler  Ihells,  as  in  New  Holland  j 
and  in  moft  cafes,  divided  into,  or  confiding  of 
a  variety  of  feparate  apartments.  What  can  we 
conclude  from  this",  but  that  thefe  caves  had 
ferved  the  inhabitants  of  the  country  for  regular 
and  common  dwelling  places  ?  A  Belgic  nation 
obtaining  a  fettlement,  in  a  country  thus  inha- 
bited, might  naturally  call  the  Aborigines  by  a 
name  ddcriptive  of  this  extraordinary  circum- 
ftance.  Iri  the  Belgic  or  Teutonic  didionaries, 
we  find  Kot  (or  Cott)  explained  "  cavus,  ca- 
vum,  caverna,  fpelunca,  cubile  ferarum,  latibu- 
lum."  From  this  was  probably  formed  the 
nickname  of  Cotti,  i.  e.  the  inhabitants  of  the 
raves  ; — ^an  appellation  fo  natural  and  appofite, 

that 


(    atxiii  *) 

that  one  might  have  been  furprifed  if  the  Belgas 
had  called  them  by  any  other  name.  «  he  cha.ige 
from  Cotti  to  Scotti  might  take  place  in  the  iame 
manner  as  in  the  other  inftances  above-men- 
tjoned.  The  Belgic  article,  correfponding  to 
the,  might  be  Je,  as  in  the  Anglo-^axon,  or  fa 
in  the  Gothic  ;  fo  that  5^  Cottigh  would  fignify 
the  inhabitant  of  a  cave ;  and  this,  to  a  Roman 
ear,  might  found  Scottish  or  Scotti  That  the 
antient  Britons  did  occafionally  lodge  in  the 
fame  manner,  is  reported  by  Bede,  who  repre- 
fents  them  as  '*  making  excurfions  from  the 
mountains,  caves,  and  woods,"  againfl  their  ene- 
mies the  Pids,  and  Irifj  rovers,  (Hiberni  graffa- 
tores. J  Even  among  the  Germans,  the  art  of 
building  houfes  of  (tone  feems  to  be  compara- 
tively a  modem  invention.  Inftead  of  the  phrafe 
*'  built  his  hoiife  upon  a  rock,"  Ulphilas  ufes, 
**  timbered  his  houfe  upon  a  ftane."  In  coun- 
tries, therefore,  where  the  ufe  of  inftruments  of 
metal  was  little,  or  not  at  all  known,  and  while 
the  forefts  were  filled  with  wolves  and  other  fa- 
vage  animals,  it  was  impoflible  for  the  human 
race  to  exift  in  any  other  manner  than  in  caves. 
So  late  as  in  the  fourteenth  century,  Scotland  is 
defcribed  as  "  generally  void  of  trees,  and  more 
abundant  in  favages  than  in  cattle.  Even  in  the 
Lowlands,  the  houfes  of  the  common  people 
have  four  or  five  pofis  to  lupport  the  turf  walls, 

an4 


f     xxiv     ) 

and  a  roof  of  boughs ;  three  days  fufficed  to  c- 
red  the  huinble  rhanfion."  "  The  commonalty, 
fays  a  contemporary  author,  have  abundance  of 
flelh  and  fifli,  but  eat  bread  as  a  dainty  "  If  fuch 
was  the  fituation  of  the  Lowlanders  in  the  four- 
teenth century,  what  mufl  have  been  that  of  the 
Highlanders,  i.  e.  the  Scotti  and  Atta-Cotti  in 
the  fourth  ? — Probably  the  obfervation  which 
Sir  Will:am  Petty  makes  with  refped  to  the  I- 
rilh  may  with  equal  juftice  be  applied  to  the  abo- 
'riginal  inhabitants  of  North  Britain.  **  There 
is,  at  this  day,  no  monument  or  valid  argument 
to  fhow  that,  when  they  were  firft  invaded,  they 
had  any  flone  houfing  at  all ;  any  money,  any 
foreign  trade,  any  learning  j  nor  geometry,  af-, 
tronomy,  anatomy,  painting,  carving  ;  nor  any 
kind  t)f  manufafture  ;  nor  the  lead  ufe  of  navi- 
gation, or  the  art  military.*'  Nearly  in  the  fame 
fituation,  according  to  Icelandic  writers,  appear 
to  have  been  the  antient  inhabitants  of  Norway, 
"  who  fled  from  the  open  day,  and  lived  in  the 
folitudes  and  clefts  of  the  rocks  ;  who  fed  on 
human  flefii,  and  clotlied  themfelves  in  the  raw 
fkins  of  wild  beads."  Thus  alfo  are  defcribed 
the  Atta-Cotti  by  St.  Jerome,  an  eye-witnefs  : — 
*'  Cum  ipfe  idolefcentulus  in  Gallia  viderim  At- 
ta-Cottos,  gentem  Britannicam  humanis  vefci 
carnibus  j  et  cum  per  filvas  porcorum  greges,  et 
armentorum  pecudumque   reperiant,   paftoruni 

natea 


nates  et  feminarum  papillas  folere  abfcindere ;  et: 
has  folas  ciborum  delicias  arbitrari.** 

The  fame  horrid  accufation  is  maintained  a- 
gainft  the  antient  Hibemi  by  various  Roman  au- 
thors ;  and  no  lefs  againfl  the  primitive  inhabi- 
tants of  the  Scottifli  caves  by  vulgar  tradition.— 
The  Gaelic  word  for  **  cave"  is  uaigh,  and  that 
for  "  a  giant"  uaigher ;  i.  e.  the  inhabitant  of  a 
cave.  The  fafeft  retreats  would  thus  be  occupied 
by  the  mod  powerful  individuals,  whofe  ftature 
and  rapacity  of  courfe  would  be  magnified  by 
the  terrors  of  thofe  who  lurked  in  the  open 
woods  and  wilds  around  them. 

In  this  ftage  of  fociety  the  language  of  the 
Gotti  or  Scotti  mufl  have  been  very  confined  : 
And,  as  the  Welch  borrowed  a  great  number  of 
words  from  the  Romans  and  Belgi  of  South  Bri- 
tain, fo  the  Scotti  appear  to  have  borrowed 
words  of  the  fame  nature  from  the  Pehts  or  Bel- 
gi of  the  North,  Thofe  who  are  converfant  in 
the  various  Teutonic  dialects,  will  immediately 
perceive  this  upon  looking  into  a  Gaelic  vocabu- 
lary, where  the  words  are  arranged  according  to 
the  nature  of  things,  qualities,  arts,  &c.  Proba- 
bly the  whole  difference  between  the  Welch  and 
Gaelic  may  be  accounted  for  upon  this  princi- 
ple. The  number  of  original  Britifli  words  in 
each  may  be  nearly  equal ;  but  the  Gaelic,  it  is 
reafonable  to  fuppofe,  may  contain  more  Teuto- 

Vol.  IV.  D  nic 


(     xxvl     ) 

nic  words  than  the  Welch  ;  and  this  again  more 
Latin  terms  than  are  to  be  found  in  the  language 
of  the  Scotti.  At  one  period  they  were  mofl 
probably  the  fame ;  but  in  the  time  of  Bede, 
(A.  D.  730.)  they  were  accounted  different  lan- 
guages ;  and  the  Piftifh  different  from  both. 

This  laft  pofition  has,  however,  been  flrenu- 
ously  controverted  by  various  eminent  writers, 
■who,  difregarding  the  authorities  of  Tacitus, 
Bede,  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  &c.  contend  that  the 
Pi£ts  were  not  of  Teutonic  or  Belgic,  but  of 
Welch  origin ;  or,  in  other  words,  that  they 
fpoke  nearly  the  fame  language  with  the  Welch. 
One  of  their  principal  arguments  is  founded  up- 
on a  paffage  in  Bede,  wherein  he  fays,  that  a 
town  in  Scotland  at  the  Eaft  end  of  the  Pi£ts 
wall,  was,  in  the  language  of  the  Pi£ts,  called 
PeanfaheL  And  Nennius  adds,  that  its  name  in 
theBritifli  for  Welch  J  tongue  was  Pengaaul;  "^s 
nearly  the  fame  word,"  fays  Mr  Ritfon,  "  as  the 
flighteft  difference  of  diale£t,  or  corruption  of 
orthography  will  allow ;  from  pen,  head,  and 
Lat.  njallum,  wall ;  which  latter  word  both  Pifts 
and  Britons  had  adopted  from  the  Romans,  ei- 
ther from  having  no  fynonimous  word  in  their 
own  language,  or  none  at  lead  applicable  to  a 
fortification  of  that  nature."  But  it  fo  happens 
that  both  parts  of  the  name  are  pure  Belgic  or 
German  J  or  at  leaft  as  near  to  that  language  as 

to 


(     xxvii     ) 

to  the  antient  Britifh  ;  namely //'««,  explained  by 
Wachter  fumm'ttas  ;  and  vail  or  wall,  niurus  e 
cefpitibus  ;  and  accordingly  the  Saxons  called  it 
Pennultun.,  that  is  Pitnual-toun.  All  that  can  be 
gathered  from  this  lemark  of  Bede  is,  that  the 
inhabitants  of  Peht  land  in  his  time,  (as  at  pre- 
fent,)  fometimes  ufed/for  iv  or  wh. 

Another  objedion  to  this  view  of  the  Pidlifh 
origin  is,  that  in  the  twelfth  century  the  men  of 
Galloway  were  Pifts ;  and  that  thefe  Galloway 
men  continued  to  fpeak  the  Celtic  language  till 
within  the  eighteenth  century.  The  weight  of 
this  obje£tion  refts  chiefly  upon  the  authority  of 
Irvine,  who  in  his  Nomenclatura  bijioria  Scotica, 
fays,  that  in  his  time,  (about  1650,)  the  Gaelic 
Albanich  was  fpoken  much  in  the  Rinnsof  Gal- 
loway; and  upon  that  paffage  in  Buchanan 
where  he  treats  of  Galloway  :  '*  Ea  magna  ex 
parte  patrio  fermone  adhuc  utitur.**  By  this 
conjiderable  part  he  probably  means  very  li.tle 
more  than  the  trad  which  within  feventy  years 
after  his  time  was  particularly  fpccified  by  Ir- 
vine, namely  the  Rinns,  a  peninfula  to  the  Weft 
of  Loch  Ryan  and  the  bay  of  Glenluce;  and 
perhaps  fome  finall  portion  of  the  hilly  part  of 
the  country.  1  he  vicinity  of  this  peninfula  to 
Ireland,  or  fome  other  circumflance  of  fituation 
might  occafion  its  being  inhabited  by  people  who 
fpoke  the  Gaelic  language.     But  this  is  only  a 

fmall. 


(     xxvlii     ) 

fmall  part  of  what  was  antiently  called  Gallovidia. 
All  the  country  to  the  Eaftward  of  the  peninfu- 
la,  or  from  Wigton  to  the  mouth  of  the  Solway, 
appears  to  have  been  inhabited  antiently  by  a 
Saxon  or  Belgic  people  :  firfl,  "  from  the  motes 
wrhich  are  extremely  numerous  through  all  that 
province.  Camps  alfo,  in  the  Anglo  Saxon 
fafhion  arc  not  unfrequent.  But  what  is  chiefly 
remarkable,  and  at  the  fame  time  mod  unequi- 
vocal, is,  that  the  feats  here  occupied  by  the 
Angles,  while  Galloway  was'fubjeft  to  the  Nor- 
thumbrian fway,  are  ftill  diftinguiftied  by  the 
name  of  Ingle/ions.  Of  thefe  Ingle/ions  there  is 
one  almofl  in  every  parifh  along  the  coaft,  and 
commonly  for  fourteen  or  twenty  miles  back- 
wards into  the  interior  country.  Near  each  Ing- 
lefton  is  ufually  a  Boor- land ;  and  there  are  alfp 
feveral  Ceorl-tons  and  Granges.  In  fhort,  the 
names  of  places  contigupus  to  the  fea  coaft  are 
generally  Anglo-Saxon."  Whether  Galloway, 
as  would  feem  from  Bede,  was  inhabited  by  Pidts 
in  the  5th  century,  is  of  no  confequence.  It  is 
fufEcient  that  the  people  \vhQ  imppfed  thefe 
names  were  of  Teutonic,  not  of  Britifti  ori- 
gin. Befides,  we  are  informed  in  exprefs  terms 
by  William  of  Malmefbury,  that  the  Pi£ls,  with 
the  Scots,  fome  time  before  their  union  under 
Kenneth,  invaded  Gallpway,  upon  the  decay  of 
the  Bernician  kingdom  :  And  from  the  Poly- 
chrcnicon  we  learn,  "  they  were  the  Pids  alone 

that 


(     xxix     ) 

tJiat  feized  on  Galloway  and  took  it  from  the 
Saxons ;"  immediately,  perhaps,  upon  the  fub- 
verfion  of  their  government  in  Peht-land;  or  they 
may  have  been  tranfplanted  thither  by  Alexander 
the  firft,  or  David  the  firft,  as  Malcolm  the 
fourth  in  1 1 59  ^*as  obliged,  on  account  of  their 
turbulent  difpofition,  to  difperfe  thofe  of  Mur- 
ray Into  different  parts  of  the  kingdom,  and  plant 
that  country  with  new  inhabltimts. 

Another  objeclion  to  the  German  origin  of  the 
Pifts,  it  feems,  is  that  "  the  names  of  the  Pi6lilh 
fovereigns  have  no  refcmblance  to  thofe  in  any 
Gothic  lift.'*  To  this  it  may  be  anfwered,  that 
the  Picls  appear  to  have  been  a  colony  of  ftran- 
^crs  whom  the  indigenous  inhabitants  permitted 
to  fettle  among  them,  partly  for  their  own  conve- 
niency  or  accommodation  ;  and  that  the  princes 
who  were  appointed  to  rule  over  tlicm  may  have 
been  of  the  Scottilh,  Hot  of  Pidlifii  race.  But  the 
objedion  would  require  to  be  made  with  greater 
precifion  ;  by  pointing  out  what  lifts  are  alluded 
to.  To  me  it  rather  appears  that  the  names  in 
the  lift  of  ScottiP)  kings  have  little  or  no  refcm- 
blance to  the  Gaelic  language ;  and  that  it  would 
be  no  diflicult  ta(k  to  trace  many  of  them,  as 
well  as  of  the  Pidlfti,  to  a  Gothic  fourcc.  Sec 
a  fpcclmen  of  fuch  derivauonsin  Mr  Pinkcrton's 
Enquiry  into  the  antient  hiftory  of  Scotland, 
Vol,  n.  p.  1^'.    Fvcn  the  rir.n  cs  Vc^^inning  villi 

Mac 


(      XXX       ) 

Mac  have  a  clofe  affinity  with  the  Gothic  7nag- 
us,  filius,  puer ;  the  final  fyllable  being  merely  a 
variable  termination,  as  appears  from  the  Anglo- 
Saxon  form  of  the  word,  ynag. 

Mr  Pinkerton,  in  the  work  juft  now  mention- 
ed, has  alfo  exhibited  the  Gothic  origin  of  vari- 
ous initial  and  final  fyllables  in  the  names  of 
places  in  Scotland.  The  moft  remarkable  of 
thefe  are  ; — Strath,  from  streke,  plaga,  regio  ; 
strecksn^  extendere  ;  or  strat,  via,  the  tra6i  (Lat. 
traftus)  or  way  of  the  river.  Aber,  from  Goth. 
tifar,  trans,  fuper  ;  Ang.-Sax.  vfer,  fuperior,  al- 
tior,  ulterior,  poftcrior,  ferior  ;  or  bergh,  raons, 
collis  ;  quafi,  y-bergh.  Bal,  of  the  fame  fignifi- 
cation  with  the  initial  Fad  or  Foth,  from  old 
Flemifii  bael,  prssfedus,  adminiftrator,  toparcha, 
provinciae  prasfectus,  prseter,  judex  ;  et  admini- 
ft  ratio  tutelse  ,  quafi,  the  reftdence  of  the  Super  in- 
tend  ant.  Inver^  from  Teut.  vaeren,  ire,  tendere,^ 
proficifci ;  quafi,  in-fare  or  entrance  :  Or  it  may 
.  fometimes  fignify  iiiner,  inmost,  within.  1  he  Pitts 
or  Fithens,  we  have  feen,  from  Teut  paht,  villa, 
vicus,  pagus.  The  Fors,  (contr.  of  Father,)  per- 
haps from  Teut.  voght,  or  Sc2Lnd.  fogd,  fynonimous 
with  Bal,  prsefeftus  provinci^  five  arcis,  judex. 
The  Kim  may  be  from  'J  eut.  kien,  pinus,  teda, 
a  place  of  fir  trees,  Kil,  from  Teut,  gilde,  a  lo- 
ciety  or  corporation.  Achter,  from  Teut.  achter, 
retro,  poft,  pone,  a  tergo,  behind,  beyond,  far- 
ther. 


(     xxxi     ) 

ther.  Ach,  from  Teut.  ach,  elementum  aquae  ; 
acha,  flumen,'  et  omnis  aqua  fluens ;  in  affinity 
with  Lat.  aqua.  Wick^  from  Teut.  iviick^  perfu- 
gium  ;  littus  curvum,  flatio  fecura,  ubi  conjun- 
Qioribus  aedificiis  habitatur,  caftrum.  Nefs,  from 
Teut.  ncfe,  promontorium.  V/eeme,  (plural 
Weemys,) ,  from  Teut.  weenie^  domus  parochi, 
sedes  curionis  ;  flaminia,  domus  flaminis.  When 
the  Laity  built  houfes  and  towns,  and  the  Reli- 
gious retired  to  folitudes,  the  word  came  to  fig- 
nifjr  caves.  Ben,  fynonimous  with  Teut.  phin, 
fummitas.  Dun,  nearly  with  Teut.  duynne^  mons 
arenarius,  agger  marinus.  Carfe,  from  Illandic 
or  old  Teut.  kier,  palus,  lacus.  j^rd,  from  Teut. 
arden,  fylva  ;  whence  ardon,  habitare  ;  primo- 
rum  hominum  habitacula  in  fylvis,  (ut  funt  fere 
domicilia  Gallorum,  qui  plerumque  filvarum  ac 
fluminum  petunt  propinquitates.  Cafar  de  B. 
Gall  J  Kern  or  Cairn,  from  Teut.  kermen,  la- 
mentari,  ejulare ;  Swed.  kerm,  pluteus ;  quafi, 
a  place  cf  lamentation.  Tor^  from  Teut.  thor, 
coliis,  turris,  difficilis.  Even  the  appellation  of 
Albamch,  by  which  the  defccndants  of  the  Scotti 
at  this  day  diflinguifh  themftlves,  is  evidently 
Teutonic,  from  alp,  mons  So  alfo  may  be  the 
nvLvne  Crut/jcneicbd,  applied  to  the  Pifts  both'of 
Scotland  and  Ireland;  from  'leut. grurse or  krutsr, 
far  comminutum,  frufta  farris  hordeacei,  grana 
hordei  contrita.     An  adjective  formed  from  this 

fubftantivr 


(    xxxii     ) 

ftibftantive  by  a  Teutonic  people,  would  be  gruf-'' 
fenigh  or  krutzsnigh,  in  procefs  of  time  Cruthc^ 
Tieichd  ;  that  is,  people  who  lived  upon  prepared  ve- 
getable food.  Britain  itfelf,  or,  as  it  is  more  an- 
tiently  written,  Bertane^  may  be  derived  from 
Teut.  berg,  mons  -,  ge-Bergbten,  montes.  Thus 
it  feems  probable  that  the  names  of  villages  were 
impofed  by  a  Teutonic  people  who  had  made 
fome  progrefs  in  civilization  ;  or  at  leaft  were  in 
die  habit  of  erefting  fuch  habitations. 

Before  we  leave  this  fubje£t,  it  may  not  be 
improper  to  mention  an  obfervadon  which  has 
occurred  with  refped:  to  one  of  the  antient  names 
of  Edinburgh  ;  viz.  Mayden  castle  ;  tranllated 
by  Turgot,  Fordun,  and  others,  Castrum  puclla- 
ruifii  or  the  castle  of  maidens.  Turgot  fays  that 
Queen  Margaret,  the  wife  of  Malcolrtt  the  third, 
died  at  the  Castrum  puellarum  ;  and  the  defcrip- 
tion  which  he  gives  of  it  correfponds  exadly 
with  that  of  the  caftle  of  Edinburgh,  "  Some 
antiquaries  imagine  that  the  Scots  termed  it  the 
Maiden  castle,  becaufe  the  Piftifh  princefles  were 
kept  there;  but  this,  as  obfervcd  by  Lord  Hailes, 
is  irreconcileable  with  the  idea  of  an  Englilli- 
province  extending  to  Edinburgh.  It  would 
have  been  flrange  policy  indeed  to  have  kept  the 
princelTes  upon  the  very  frontier  of  another  Idng- 
dom,  asin  a  place  of  fafety.'*  That  Edinburgh 
was  fo  fuuated,  we  have  the  teftimony  of  John 

of 


(     xxxili     ) 

•f  Wallingford,  who  mentions  it  as  at  the  nor^ 
^bern  extremity  of  Northumberland,  Caftrum  pu- 
ellaruni,  however,  according  ro  Mr  Pinkerton, 
is  a  mere  tranflation  of  Dumfries^  or  Dim-Fres, 
from  Goth,  dun,  caftellum,  urbs  ;  and  fru^  or 
fre,  virgo  nobilis.  This,  he  adds,  "  was  the 
name  given  by  the  Pids,  while  the  Cumri  of 
Cumbria  called  the  fame  place  Abernith,  as  it 
ftands  at  the  mouth  of  the  Nitb."  By  what  an- 
tient  author  Dumfries  is  called  Abernitb,  does  not 
appear.  I  rather  incline  to  think  that  both  of 
thefe  names  fignify  Edinburgh.  That  this  for- 
tiefs  was  called  Caftrum  puellarum,  or  Maydyn 
castle,  at  a  very  early  period,  is  clearly  evim:e4 
t)y  charters  of  David  the  Firft  ;  by  the  Chroni- . 
cle  of  Melrofe  under  the  years  1 1 80  and  1 255  j 
by  Matthew  Paris,  p.  907,  "  puellarum  caftrum, 
quod  vulgariter  dicitur  Edenburc  ;*'  and  by  the 
chronicles  of  Fordun,  Wynton,  and  Harding. 
And  Mr  D.  Macpherfon,  in  bis  illuftrations  of 
Scottifli  hiftory,  remarks,  that  the  origin  of 
Boyce's  pretty  fancy  of  converting  this  fortrefs 
into  a  boarding  fchool  for  young  ladies  of  the 
Pichtifti  royal  and  noble  families,  is  probably  to 
be  found  in  the  following  paflage,  from  the  Chro- 
nicle of  Lanercoft,  **  Rcdditum  eft  castrum  pu- 
ellarum in  manu  J.  Difpcnfatoris  ;  locus,  qui 
nufquam  in  antiquis  geftis  legitur  prius  expug- 
nari,  propter  fuam  cminentiam  et  firmitatem,  qui 
a  conditore  fuo  monarcho  Edwyno  Edwyneftjurgh 
Vol.  IV.  E  didus 


(    xxxiv     ) 

didus  eft  antiquitus,  ubi,  ut  didiur,  feptem  filias 
fuas  pofuit  confervandas."  The  date  of  this  Chro- 
nicle is  not  mentioned  j  nor  is  if  of  any  impor- 
tance. It  would  be  more  defu*able  to  know  whe- 
ther Turgot,  confeflbr  to  Queen  Margaret,  the 
confort  of  Malcolm  Canmore,  wrote  Maydyn- 
castie^  or  Castrum  Puella^um.  Be  this  how 
it  may,  the  term  Mayden  appears  to  have  no 
concern  with  the  Latin  puellce ;  but  is  doubt- 
lefs  a  genuine  Gothic  word  j  the  participle 
paft  of  the  verb  maitan,  explained  in  the 
gloffaries  of  Stiernhielm,  Junius,  and  others, 
fcindere,  confcindere,  abfcindere,  prsefecare, 
concidere ;  where  alfo  we  find  feveral  compo- 
fites  from  the  fame  verb,  and  of  fimilar  fignifi- 
cation  ;  as  in  Luke  iv.  1 9.  fra-letan  ga-maidans, 
dimittere  confrados  :  xiv.  13.  ga-maidans,  haU 
tans,  blindam,  debiles,  claudas  et  csecos.  John 
xviii.  10.  afmai-maify  abfcidit :  Bi-maiian,  cir- 
cumcidere.  Matthew  v,  30.  af-mait  tho,  erue 
eam':  vii.  19.  us-maitada,  excidetur.  Mark  ix. 
43,  af-mait  //>o, abfcinde  illam:  xi.  8.  maimaitun, 
concidebant,  vel  casdabant ;  in  which  laft,  the 
correfponding  word  in  the  old  Belgic  Teftament 
is  ^^  Jheden." 

The  literal  fignification,  therefore,  of  Mayden 
castle.  I  conceive  to  be,  a  castle  upon  a  hill  which 
appears  as  if  it  were  fnedded,  cut,  or  hewed  down, 
mons  abfcifTus,  rupes  amputata ;  precifely  the 
iiame  with  Sneddeii-castle,  or  Snedchi-hergh.  This 

Gothig 


(     xxxr     ) 

feothic  word  maitan,  abfcindere,  anlputar6,  id 
one  of  thofe  few  of  which  there  feems  no  veftige 
in  the  Teutonic,  Saxon,  or  Scandinavian  dia- 
leds.  Hence  we  have  in  the  appellation  Mayden" 
casile^  a  kind  of  prefumptive  proof  that  the  lan- 
guage of  Ulphilas  was  fpoken  in  North  Britain 
when  that  name  was  given  to  the  fort  which 
was  afterwards  called  Snedden  callle,  and  Edin- 
burgh. In  all  the  modern  dialeds  of  the  Gothic 
language,  the  place  of  this  word  maitan  is  fupplied 
by  the  verb  to  fried y  and  its  derivatives. 

Under  the  article  Snawdoun  in  the  Gloflary, 
a  conjedure  is  offered  that  Sneddenbergh,  or 
Snawdon  caftle,  may  for  fome  time  have  been 
called  Nedden  or  Nethcn-bergb,  as  the  Englifh 
Snottingham  has  now  become  Nottingham.  I 
had  not  then  attended  to  the  diverfity  of  opinion 
which  has  long  prevailed  among  our  befl  antiqua- 
ries concerning  one  of  the  places  called  by  antient 
hiftorians  Abernttbyriy  Abernethi^  and  Aburnethige- 
In  the  hiflories  of  Ingulphus,  Florence  of  Wor- 
cefler,  and  others,  we  find  that  William  the  con- 
queror in  1072  "  invaded  Scotland  by  land, 
while  his  fleet  feconded  the  operations  of  his  ar- 
my. Malcom  the  Third  met  htm  at  a  place 
called  Aberrithi  or  Abernethyn,  concluded  a 
peace,  gave  hoftages,  and  did  homage  /*  (pro- 
bably for  the  lands  which  he  held  in  England.) 
It  is  highly  improbable,  fays  Lord  Hailes,  that 
Abernethy,  on  the  fouth  bank  of  the  river  Tay, 

ftiould 


(      XXXVl      ) 

fhould  be  here  intended.  That  place  lies  diftanf 
from  any  rout  which  fo  prudent  a  commander 
as  William  would  have  taken  in  an  expedition 
againll  Scotland.  He  might  indeed  have  come 
to  Abernethy,  had  he  invaded  Scotland  by  fea, 
and  landed  in  the  frith  of  Tay  j  but  of  that  there 
is  no  appearance.  The  SaXon  Chronicle  de- 
fcribes  the  march  of  William  as  by  land  through 
a  known  paflage  inter  Scotland,  and  mentions 
the  fleet  as  merely  fubfervient  to  the  expedition 
by  land.  Hence  it  is  probable  that  William, 
with  his  land  forces,  would  keep  generally  with- 
in a  few  miles  of  the  fea  ;  and,  if  fo,  the  natural 
place  for  an  interview  between  the  two  kings 
was  fome  where  in  the  vicinity  of  a  navigable 
river,  and  on  the  confines  of  the  two  kingdoms, 
where  twenty  years  afterwards  he  propofed  to  do" 
homage,  ubi  reges  Scotorum  erant  foliti  reditu- 
dinem  facere  regibus  Anglorum.  Goodall  con- 
jeftures  that  this  Aburnethige  may  imply  a 
place,  fuch  as  Dumfriesy  at  the  confluence  of  the 
rivers  Nith  and  Solway,  or  Eden.  But  that 
William  entered  Scotland  by  the  Eaft  marches 
is  probable,  not  only  for  the  reafon  above-men- 
tioned, but  frbm  a  paflage  in  Matthew  of  Weft- 
minflier,  which  informs  us  that  William  "  re- 
turned from  Scotland  per  Cumbriam**  by  the 
way  of  Cumberland.  Lord  Hailes  thinks  ih$ 
Tine  in  Eafl;  Lothian  might,  with  fome  proprie- 


(     xxxvil     ) 

ty,  be  termed  Abernith'u  With  great  defeferic^^ 
to  fuch  refpeftable  authorities,  it  fee;ns  more 
probable  thut  this  .^bumethige,  or  Abur-nsthyn^  is 
no  other  than  Edinburgh  ;  quufi,  Gbe-Burgh-L^e- 
ihen^  or  Tbwgbnithin  ;  of  which  N?t/jen-burgb  is 
merely  a  tranfpofition  ;  being  at  the  fame  time 
an  abbreviation  of  Snedden-burgh ;  from  fnedden 
or  fniiden^  amputare,  abfcindere ;  and  bergh,  or 
ghe-berghy  mons,  locus  editus  five  munitus. 

Again,  if  A-Bur-Nethyn  be  Nethenburgh,  one 
might  naturally  expeft  to  find  ftill  fome  earlier 
mention  of  it.  Accordingly,^ in  various  antieift 
Chronicles,  under  the  year  685,  we  are  inform- 
ed that  Egfrid,  king  of  Northumbria,  was  de- 
feated and  flain  in  a  battle  with  the  Pi«5ls  at  3 
place  within  their  territories,  among  rugged  hilh^ 
and  near  the  north  fea^  The  Annals  of  Ulfter 
call  the  place  Duin-Necktain,  vel  Caftrum  Ncc- 
tani :  Simon  of  Durham,  stagnum  Nfchtani : — 
The  Chronicle  of  Lindisfarne,  Nedanes-mere. — 
The  confequences  of  this  battle  are  thus  defcrib- 
ed  by  Bede  and  other  antient  writers  r  "  From 
"  which  time  the  hope  and  virtue  of  the  king- 
"  dom  of  the  Angli  began  to  meU  and  flow 
"  backward :  For  the  Pifts  recovered  the  land 
"  of  their  pofleflion,  (terram  pojfcjjionis  fu^z,) 
"  which  the  Angli  had  held :  Trumwenc,  a 
"  Northumbrian  bilhop,  who  a  few  years  before 
•*  bad  been  appointed  toprefklc  over  ( fome  part 

"  of) 


(    xxxtiii     ) 

**  cf)  the  Pidtifh  territory,  was  obliged  to  make 
**  his  efcape  precipitately  from  his  feat  at  Aber- 
*'  corn ;  and  the  Saxons  never  (again)  fent  a 
*'  devouring  tax-gatherer  (amhronem)  to  exaft 
"  tribute  of  the  Pi£ls."  The  circumftance  of 
the  Bifliop*s  feat  being  at  Abercorn,  a  few  miles 
weft  of  Edinburgh,  feems  to  imply  that  his  ju- 
rifdiftion  extended  over  the  country  only  on  the 
fouthern  bank  of  the  Forth  ;  that  is,  probably^ 
the  counties  of  Linlithgow,  Edinburgh,  and 
Haddington;  conflituting  the  terra  Pidorum^ 
within  which  Roger  of  Chefter  places  Edin- 
burgh ;  the  hills  to  the  fouth  of  this  city  being 
alfo  ftill  called  the  PehtJand  or  Fentland  hills. 
The  whole  circumftances  of  this  piece  of  hiit  ory 
feem  to  point  unequivocally  to  Edinburgh.  The 
north  fea  of  the  Saxon  Chronicle,  the  ftagnum 
Nechtani  of  Simon  of  Durham,  and  the  Kedanes- 
mere  of  the  Lindisfarne  Chronicle  may  denote 
the  frith  cf  Edinbvrgb  ;  and  the  "  angustias  in- 
accefforum  ?nontium'^  of  Bede,  the  rocky  hills  in 
its  neighbourhood.  Mr  Macpherfon,  however, 
in  his  Geographical  illustrations  of  Scottijly  history y 
conjeftures  Dun-Nechtain  to  be  the  fmall  loch 
at  Dunnachtan  in  Badanach,  or  Loch  Nean  at 
the  foot  of  Ben  Varn,  and  near  Ben  Garu  in  A- 
thol ;  near  both  of  which,  it  feems,  there  are 
■monuments  of  battles.  But  furely  it  is  impro- 
bable that  a  Northumbrian  army,  in  the  month 

of 


(     xxxix     ) 

of  April  or  May,  could  penetrate  through  foN 
efts  and. formidable  defiles  fo  far  north  as  Bada- 
nach  !  Goodall,  on  the  other  hand,  fuppofes 
Dun-NcchtLiin  to  be  a  loch  or  mofs  at  Nenthoni 
in  Roxburghfhire  j  and  Heftor  Boyce  places  it 
in  Galloway.  As  Abernethy  or  Abernethyn  is 
frequently  mentioned  as  a  principal  feat  of  the 
Pidilh  kings,  we  may  reafonably  fuppofe  that  it 
was  one  of  the  ftrongeft  holds  in  their  kingdom; 
a  charafter  which  is  more  applicable  to  Dun- 
Nethan  or  Burgh -Nethan  than  to  Abernethy  on 
the  banks  of  the  Tay.  The  Pidifh  Chronicle, 
written  about  1020,  fays  that  /Jburncibige  was 
built  by  a  king  of  the  Pids  in  the  year  458 ; 
and  that  the  name  of  the  king  was  Nethan  or 
Nedanius  ;  fo  called  perhaps  from  the  name  of 
the  hill  or  caftle.  The  regifter  of  St.  Andrews 
places  the  building  of  Aburncthyn  under  the 
year  600  j  but  ftill  it  was  during  the  reign  of  a 
King  Nei/jan,  and  the  authority  of  the  former 
is  no  way  inferior  to  that  of  the  latter.  Be  this 
how  it  may,  it  feems  highly  probable  that  Dun- 
Nechtanoi  the  Annals  of  UUter,  the  Gaelic  Dun- 
Jidan,  an/d  ^burgh  Nethyn  or  Abernethigh  of 
Ingulphus,"  Florence  of  Worcefter  and  Diceto, 
are  the  fame  with  SnvdJen  burgh  or  Sncdden 
caftlc ;  and  that  thefc  do  not  mean  the  prcfent 
Sneddon  or  Stirling,  but  Edinburgh  ;  from  the 
■  ^ircumflance  of  its  having  alio  been  called  J\/<7/- 

den- 


(  xl  ) 

den-castle f  a  name  of  the  fame  literal  fignifica*. 
tion. 

In  every  attempt  of  this  nature,  the  principal 
difficulty  is  to  account  for  the  introdudion  of 
French  words ;  or,  as  Tyrwhit  expreffes  it,  of 
that  compound  language  "  in  which,  though 
<^'  the  fcheme  and  formation  are  in  a  great  mea- 
*'  fure  Saxon  (or  Bclgic,)  a  large  proportion  of 
"  the  elements  n  French."  To  this  it  may  be 
anfwered,  that  the  greater  part  of  thefe  elements 
may  have  been  borrowed  not  dire£i:ly  from  the 
French,  but  from  the  Latin  language  j  and  pro- 
bably would  have  been  adopted  into  the  Anglo- 
Belgic  as  well  as  the  Scoto  Belgic  nearly  about 
the  (aqie  period,  although  no  fuch  event  as  a 
Norman  conquell  h;id  ever  taken  place.  The 
greater  part  botli  of  the  Scottifh  and  Englifli 
clergy  in  early  times  were  probably  educated  in 
!f  ranee.  It  therefore  ought  to  be  no  matter  of 
furprife  that  the  language  of  Barbour  and  Win- 
ton  is  found  to  contain  a  confiderable  number  of 
French,  or  rather  of  Latin  words.  So  does  alfo 
the  language  of  Belgium  in  the  fixteenth  century, 
as  appears  from  the  Di6lionaries  of  Kilian,  &c. 
While  the  Belgic  and  Anglo  Saxon  literati  were 
daily  mrking  acceffions  to  their  written  language 
from  the  French  and  Latin,  we  cannot  fuppofe 
that  the  iklgic  dialed  of  Pehtland  would  re- 
main ftationar,y.    We  are  indeed  afiured  of  the 

contrary, 


(    =^li    ) 

contrary,  by  the  well  known  elegiac  fonnet  on  the 
death  of  Alexander  the  Third,  A.  D.  1285, 
compofed  proba!)ly  by  a  contemporary  poet,  and 
preferved  in  Winton*s  Chronicle : 

Quhen  Alyfandyr  oure  King  i^es  dede. 

That  Scotland  led  in  luve  and  le. 
Away  wcs  fons  of  ale  and  brede, 

Of  wyne  and  wax,  of  gamyn  and  gle  : 

Our  golde  wcs  changyd  in  to  lede. 

Cryft,  born  in  to  virgynjte. 
Succour  Scotland  and  remede. 

That  flad  us  in  perplexyte. 

Chiefly,  perhaps,  through  the  means  of  fuch 
(hort  compofitions  as  this,  the  colloquial  dialed 
would  be  gradually  improved  both  in  Scotland 
arid  England:  And  the  attempt  which  was  itiade 
to  introduce  the  French  language  into  the  latter 
kingdom,  inftead  of  promoting  the  improvement 
of  that  dialed,  would  probably  ferve  to  retard  it* 
Tyrwhit  obferves,  that .""  even  before  the  Nor- 
*'  man  conqueft,  the  language  of  France  had 
**  been  introduced  into  the  court  of  England, 
"  and  from  thence  among  the  people.  1  he  ac- 
"  count  which  Ingulphus  gives  of  »his  matter 
"  is,  that  Edward  the  Confeffor  having  been  e- 
"  ducated  at  the  court  of  his  uncle  Duke  Rich- 
**  ard  the  Second,  and  having  refided  in  Nor- 

VoL.  IV.  F  «  mandy 


(    3cKI    ) 

**  mandy  many  years,  became  almosi  a  French 
"  man.     Upon  his  return  from  thence,  and  ac- 
*<  ceflion  to  the  throne  of  England  in  1043,  ^^ 
"  brought  over  with  hirn  a  number   of  Nor- 
"  mans,  whom  he  promoted  to  the  higheft  dig- 
«'  nities ;    and,  according  to  Ingulphus,  under 
"  the  influence  of  the  King  and  his  Norman  fa- 
"  vourites,  the  whole  nation  began  to  lay  afide 
"  their  Englilh  fafliions,  and  in  many  things  to 
"  imitate  the  manners  of  the  French.    In  parti- 
"  cular,  he  fays  exprefsly,  that  all  the  Barons  in 
"  their  courts  or  houjholds  began  to  /peak  French^ 
^^  as  a  great  piece  of  gentility.    At  the  revolution, 
"  1066,  the  language  of  the  Norman  conqueror 
**  was  interwoven  with  the  new  political  fyftem, 
**  and   the  feveral  eftabliihmcnts   which   were 
•'  made  for  the  fupport  and  fecurity  of  the  one, 
"  all  contributed  in  a  greater  or  lefs  degree  to 
**  the  diffufion  and  permanency  of  the  other. — 
*'  In  particular,  from  the  very  beginning  of  his 
"  reign,  all  ecclefiaftical  preferments,  as  faft  as 
"  they  became  vacant,  were  given  to  Normans. 
*«  The  convents  alfo  were  ftocked  with  foreign- 
"  ers,  whom  the  new  Abbots  invited  over  from 
"  the  Continent,  partly  perhaps  for  the  pleafure 
"  of  their  fociety,  and  partly  in  expectation  of 
'*  their  fupport  againft  the  cabals  of  the  Anglo- 
**  Saxon   Monks."      "  Sethe  Normans   come 
"  firft  into  Engelond,"  fays  a  contemporary  au- 
thor, 


(    xliu    ) 

thor  "  gentllmen  children  beeth  taught  to  fpeke 
**  French  from  the  tyme  that  they  beeth  rokked 
**  in  her  cradel ;  and  uplandifche  men  alfo  wil 
"  liken  himfelfe  to  gentilmen,  and  fondeth  with 
"  great  befynefs  for  to  fpeke  French."     At  that 
time,  learning  was  in  a  great  meafure  confined 
to  the  clergy  ;    and  the  moft  eminent  fcholars 
were  educated  at  the  Univerfity  of  Paris.  Hence 
ah  the  beft  authors  chofe  to  write  in  French, 
which  was  undoubtedly,  fays  Warton,  a  great 
impediment  to  the  cultivation  and  progreflive 
improvement  of  the  vernacular -language.    Ano- 
nymous French  poems  and  fongs,  written  about 
that  time,  are  innumerable   in  every  library  j 
while  fcarcely  one  is  to  be  found  in  the  antient 
language  of  the  country.     Amufement  was  thus 
provided  for  readers  of  rank  and  didindion  ; 
while  the  language  of  the  common  people  re- 
mained flationary,  from  the  circumflancc  of  its 
being  for  two  hundred  years  deprived  of  one  of 
the  moft  powerful  means  of  improvement.  Dur- 
ing the  whole  of  this  time,  the  Scoto-Belgic  of 
Pehtland,  experiencing    no   fuch   interruption, 
would  continue  (we  may  reafonably  fuppofe;  in 
a  progreflive  ftate  of  im.provement,  partly  from 
the  increafe  of  learning,  and  partly  from  the 
extenfion  of  commerce ;    fo  that,  from  the  be- 
ginning of  the  twelfth,  to  the   middle  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  the  Scoto-Belgic  was  proba- 
bly 


(    xliv    ) 

bly  a  more  pollfhed  language  than  that  of  South 
Britain.  Hence  the  poem  of  Barbour's  Bruce, 
but  more  particularly  the  Fables  of  Robert 
Henryfon  approach  nearer  to  modem  language 
than  the  compofitions  of  any  contemporary  Eng- 
lifh  author :  And  hence  alfo  it  may  be,  as  ob- 
ferved  by  Dr.  Robertfon,  that  the  letters  of  fe- 
veral  Scottifh  Statefmen  in  the  fixteenth  century 
are  not  inferior  in  elegance,  or  in  purity,  to  thofe 
of  the  Englifh  minifters  \vith  whom  they  corref- 
ponded.  W  Patten,  Londoner,  in  the  preface 
to  his  hiftory  of  the  Duke  of  Somerfet's  expedi- 
tion into  Scotland  1547,  recommending  an  u- 
nion  of  the  two  kingdoms,  fays,  *'  feparate  by 
feas  from  all  other  nations,  in  cuftoms  and  con- 
ditions little  differing,  in  jhape  and  language  no- 
thing  at  alU* 

Indeed,  the  diflerence  between  them  probably 
never  was  greater  than  what  we  find  at  prelent 
between  the  dia  lefts  of  Yorkfhire  and  Devcn- 
ihire,  or  of  any  two  Englifh  counties  lying  at  a 
diftance  from  one  another.  An  intelligent  per- 
fon,  therefore,  who  is  well  acquainted  with  al- 
mofl  any  one  of  the  provincial  dialefts  of  Eng- 
land, can  find  no  difficulty  in  underflanding 
what  is  called  the  Scottifh  language.  That  wliich 
all  over  Britain  was  the  written  language  of  the 
fourteenth  century,  became  the  colloquial  of 
the  fifteenth  j  while  that  which  was  the  collo- 
quial 


(    xlv     ) 

quial  of  the  fame  century,  had  doubtlefs  been 
the  clafTical  of  the  thirteenth.  For  the  dialed 
which  is  now  called  Scottijh,  we  are  indebted  to 
a  few  writers,  of  depraved  tafle,  about  the  end 
of  the  feventeenth,  and  beginning  of  the  eigh- 
teenth centuries ;  who,  inflead  of  contributing, 
like  Drummond  of  Hawthomden,  to  the  im- 
provement of  the  written  language  of  their  coun- 
try, chofe  to  pen  elegies  on  pipers,  and  dying 
fpeeches  of  hounds  and  horfes,  in  the  familiar 
dialeds  of  the  meaneft  vulgar.  If  a  native  poet 
of  Yorkfhire,  about  the  fame  period,  had  adopt- 
ed the  like  abfurd  praftice,  his  compofitions, 
bating  fome  flight  difference  in  the  orthography, 
might  equally  have  been  termed  Scottijh.  This 
colloquial  dialed  of  the  feventeenth  century 
feems  to  correfpond  nearly  with  the  written  lan- 
guage of  Gawin  Douglas,  ftripped  of  the  words 
which  he  and  one  or  two  contemporaries  had 
thought  proper  to  borrow  from  the  French  and 
LAtin.  Lifle,  in  the  preface  to  his  **  Ancient 
Monuments  in  the  Saxon  tongue"  fays  that  he 
improved  more  in  the  knowledge  of  S.ixon  by 
the  pcrufal  of  Douglases  Virgil,  than  by  that  of 
**  all  the  old  Englifli  he  could  find,  poetry  or 
profe  ;  divers  of  which  were  never  yet  publifh- 
ed  ;  becaufe  /'/  was  neercr  the  Saxon  and  farther 
from  the  Norman," — ^which  amounts  to  this, 

that 


(    xlvi    ) 

that  the  colloquial  words  and  phrafes  ufed  by 
Douglas  were  pure  Anglo-Belgic. 

The  flight  difference  between  Scottifh  and 
Englilh,  in  the  pronounciation,  and  confequent- 
ly,  of  the  orthography,  feems  not  worthy  of  any 
particular  attention.  But  it  is  neceflfary  to  re- 
mark, that  in  many  of  the  antient  Scottifli,  as 
well  as  Englifh  poems,  where  the  lines  in  gene- 
ral contain  ten  fyllables,  the  meafure  does  not, 
as  in  modern  poetry,  depend  upon  the  divifion 
of  the  lines  into  a  fixed  number  of  feet.  In  the 
poems  alluded  to,  the  number  frequently  varies ; 
and  the  fyllables  do  not  follow  in  order  accord- 
ing to  the  modern  rythm  of  a  fhort  and  a  long 
fyllable  alternately,  or  of  a  long  and  two  fhort 
repeated.  The  meafure  feems  rather  to  be  re- 
gulated by  the  divifion  of  the  time  required  for 
recitation  of  the  line,  into  portions  like  mufical 
phrafes  ;  not  neceflarily  equal  in  the  number  of 
fyllables,  but  requiring  an  equal  period  of  time 
for  their  pronunciation.  And  it  appears  alfo 
that  thefe  portions  correfpond  uniformly  with 
what  muficians  call  common  time^  or  four  in  a 
bar  ;  each  line  being  adapted  either  to  one  or 
two  bars.  For  example,  in  the  firft  lines 
of  Chaucer's  Canterbury  Tales,  the  rhythm  may 
be  exhibited  in  the  following  manner,  (without 
regard  to  the  elevation  or  depreflion  of  the 
voice :) 

When 


(    xlvii     ) 


— tif  -•  Inf-ir^EE^zz 


1^-^:= 


When  that  A  -  pril  with  his  (hoares  fote. 


^E^p^ii-i^i 


The  dronghte  of  March  hath   per-ced  to  the  rote. 


^^pgg^i^^E 


And  ba-thcd  ev-rj  veine      in  fwich  li-  cour» 


EiS=^^=^^fel= 


Of  which  ver  -  tue  en  -  gen  -  dred  is  the  flour. 


Whan  Ze  -  phi  -  rus  eke     with   his    fote  brcthe. 


En  •  fpi  •  red  hath  in     eve  •  rj  holt  and  heath. 


Thf 


(     xlviii     ) 


The  ten  -  der  crop  -  pes,    and  the  young  fonne, 


W^ 


w — w 


PPE 


Hath    in     the  ram  his     halfe  courfe  y  -  ronne. 


^^sgi^E^^ 


And  fmale  fou-les         ma  -  ken  me  -  lo  -  die, 


E^^P^g?iP£=g-E 


That    fie  -  pen    all  night  with     o  -  pen  eye. 


So  pri  -  keth  hem  na  -  ture  in  her  co.ra-ges. 


That  Ion  -  ger  folk  to  gong  on  pil  -  gri-ma-g«s. 

.       .  The 


(    xlix     ) 

The  tranflation  of  the  ^neid  by  BIfhop  Dou- 
glas feems  to  be  compofed  according  to  the  fame 
laws  of  metre.  Take  for  inftance  a  few  of  the 
firfl  lines  : 


~^^^m 


There  was  an  an-cieat  cie-te,  hecht  Car-tage, 


i^E^g^^i 


Quham  hynis  of  Tyre    held  in  -  he  -  ri  .  tagc. 


In  -  e  •  mie  till  I  -  ta-lie  Handling  fair  and  plane, 


=^pi^SppS 


The  mouth  of  lang  Ti  -  bcr      o  -  ver  forgane. 


li^pppg  f;p 


Mich  -  ty  of  no  -  bil  -  lis       full    of  fcules  fere. 
Vol.  IV.  G  And 


(  1  ) 

And  maift  ex  -  pert    of      craf  -  tj  fait  of  were. 

That  thefe,  and  thoufands  of  other  irregular 
lines  in  the  iEneid  were  meant  to  be  recited  as 
modern  heroic  verfes,  appears  incredible.  Per- 
haps the  firft  lines  of  ten  fyllables,  which  were 
uniformly  capable  of  being  read  in  this  manner, 
appeared  in  the  verfion  of  the  pfelms  by  Stern- 
hold  and  Hopkins  ;  as  the  50th,  83d,  iioth, 
and  124th. — And  yet,  from  the  mufic  with 
which  they  are  joined,  there  is  room  to  doubt  if 
the  verfifier  had  any  fuch  intention  :  For  exam- 
ple, that  of  pfalm  1 1  oth  : 

Bafs. 


The  Lord  moft  high  un  -  to  my  Lord  thus   fpake. 


m 


^P^ilg^i 


=Z7t=t=ii 


Sit  thou  now  down,   and  reft  at   my  right  hqnd, 

h-J^ 


^np"Ti "R  "^^     "1  T"^-  r* '    1^  '^~ T^ 1— 


Un  -  til  that  I     thine        c  -  ne  -  mies  do  make 

A  ftool, 


(  li  ) 

A  ftool,    to   be  where  -  on  thy  feet  maj    iland. 

Had  this  pfalm  been  intended  to  be  recited  in 
the  manner  of  heroic  verfe,  it  feems  probable 
that  the  meafure,  not  to  fpeak  of  alterations  ne- 
ceffary  in  .the  harmony,  would  have  been  regu- 
lated nearly  thus  : 

Bafs, 


The  Lord  mod  high  un  -  to  xay  Lord  thus  fpoke. 


EEHiS 


liripii;iiiiii 


Sit  thou  now  down,  and    refl  at  mj  right  hand. 


ii^^gl^ 


Un  -  till  that  I    thind     e  •  ne  -  mics  do  make 


l^^P^iE^^pi^ 


A    flool,  to  be  where  -  on  thy  foot  may  ftand. 

The 


C  IS  ) 

The  order  in  which  the  flow  and  quick  notes 
are  difpofed  in  the  mufic  of  this  pfalm,  feems  to 
throw  light  upon  the  nature  of  old  Scottifh  and 
Enghfli  rhythm ;  particularly  in  thofe  poems 
which  cpnfift  chiefly  of  lines  of  ten  fyllables ; 
fuch  as  the  tranflation  of  the  ^ncid  by  Gawirj. 
Douglas,  Henry's  life  of  Wallace ;  the  greater 
part  of  the  works  of  Chaucer,  &c.  A  very  flight 
knowledge  of  mulic  will  enable  the  reader  to 
perceive  the  difference  between  that  rhythm  and 
the  iambic,  in  which  almoft  all  modern  poetry 
is  compofed  j  and  which  is  exhibited  in  the  a- 
bove  variation,  not  of  the  fucceflion  of  the  notes, 
but  of  their  accentuation  or  relative  value.  The 
rhythm  of  antient  poems  appears  uniformly  to 
have  been  regulated  according  to  that  meafure 
which  in  mufic  is  called  common  time ;  that  of 
modern  comppfitions,  by  triple  time.  In  the 
former,  a  fliort  note  is  never  found  fingle,  or 
placed  between  two  long  ones :  In  the  latter, 
the  cafe  is  precifely  the  reverfe  ;  the  motion  of 
the  fyllables,  in  point  of  uniformity,  refembling 
that  of  a  pendulum  j  while  that  of  the  antient 
or  Saxon  rythm  may  be  faid  to  refemble  the 
beating  of  a  drum,  in  various  or  irregular  num- 
bers of  ftrokes,  but  in  common  time. 

The  manner  of  reciting  a  noted  pentameter 
line,  according  to  modern  or  iambic  meafure, 
?nay  be  thus  exhibited  :      * 

■  And 


And  ten  fhort  words  oft  move  in   one    dull  line. 

But,  if  the  fame  line  had  been  written  by 
Douglas,  Chaucer,  or  Pierce  Ploughman,  it 
would  have  been  recited  by  the  author  proba- 
bly thus  : 


EpiElElEg^EplE^ 


And  ten  Ihort  words  oft  move  in    one  dull  line. 
Or  thus. 


^=t^=m^^^^t^ 


And  ten  fliortwovds  oft  move    in  one  dull  line. 

Here  the  regularity  of  the  antient  meafure 
would  not  have  been  effentially  injured,  although 
one  or  two  more  Ihort  words  had  cither  been  ad- 
ded to,  or  taken  from  the  line  : 


^{^i^^m^m 


And  then    joti'll   find  ten  fliort  wordi  .  •"** 


Oft        move         iu       one      dull      hne. 


Or, 


Or,  by  taking  away  one  fyllable : 


E^=EE^£fE^^E^E^E^ 


And  tea  {Ijort  words  move  in    one  dull    line. 

According  to  this  kind  of  rhythm,  I  conjec- 
ture that  ahnoft  all  Englifh  poetry  antecedent  to 
the  year  '540,  ought  to  he  recited;  otherwife, 
the  reader  will  be  fhocked  perpetually  with  feem- 
ing  irregularities,  when  in  fad  there  are  none  ;-—=■ 
irregularities  which  he  will  attempt  in  vain  to 
redify,  by  contraclion  qg-  divifion  of  fyllables. — 
That  Chaucer,  Blind  Harry,  and  Douglas,  had 
any  plan  or  intention  of  writing  verfes  of  five 
iambic  feet,  or  a  lliort  and  a  long  fyllable  placed 
alternately,  appeals  as  unlikely  as  that  a  modern 
mufician  ihould  compofe  a  piece  of  mufic  in 
which  the  bars  fliould  uniformly  confift  of  five 
crotchets.  1  yrwhit,  and  various  other  eminent 
critics,  have  been  not  a  little  puzzled  in  attempt- 
ing to  afcertain  what  it  was  that  conltituted 
Anglo-Saxon  poetry,  fmcc  "  we  do  not  difcover 
in  the  fpecimens  preferved  by  Hickes  any  very 
ftudied  attempts  at  alliteration,  nor  the  embel- 
lilhment  of  rhyme,  nor  metre  depending  on  a 

fixed 


(     Iv     ) 

fixed  and  determinate  number  of  fy liable s,  not* 
that  marked  attention  to  their  quantity  which 
Hickes  fuppofcd  to  have  conflituted  the  diftinc- 
tion  between  verfc  and  profc.'*  "  To  a  modern 
reader,"  fays  Mr  Ellis,  "  it  will  certainly  ap- 
pear that  there  is  no  other  criterion  but  that 
which  is  noticed  by  Tyrwhyt,  namely-,  a  great- 
er pomp   of  dldion,   and  a   more  Jiatcly  kind  oj 

viarch : Or  a  more  artificial  ohfcurity  of  Jlyle  ; 

not  fo  much  for  the  purpofe  of  varying  the  ca- 
dence of  their  verfe,  as  with  a  view  to  keep  the 
attention  of  their  hearers  upon  the  flrctch.** — 
Neither  of  thefe  fuppofitions  is  fatisfadoiy.  Thr 
mechanifm  and  fcheme  of  Anglo-Saxon  verfifi- 
cation  feem  to  depend  entirely  ujfcn  quantity ; 
by  which  is  meant  the  length  of  time  employed  in 
reciting  the  line ;  without  any  other  regard  to  the 
number  of  fyllables  than  that  the  longeft  line 
jfhall  not  contain  nwre  than  twice  the  number  of 
the  (horteft  con*efponding  line  ;  and  that  both 
the  longeft  and  ihorteft  fhall  be  capable  of  being 
recited  within  the  fame  portion  of  common 
time  ;  which  portion  mud  either  be  one  com- 
pleat  bar,  or  tivo.  One  of  the  moft  irregular 
pafiages  in  the  ode  on  Athelftan's  victory,  A.  D. 
038,  may  be  thus- exhibited  : 

Swiic 


(  1"  ) 

Swilc    thaer      eac        fe       fro    -    da. 
Mid    flearae    to  -  ihon     his      cyth  -  the. 


Nordh     Co'a    -    llan    -     ti    -    nus. 


Har         Hil     -     de         rinc. 

'That  JSf — ^So  there  eke  the  prudent. 

With  flight  came  to  his  countrVa' 
The  Northern  Conflantine, 
The  hoary  Hilderinc. 

Nearly  alfo  in  the  following  manner  may  have 
been  recited  by  far  the  moft  antient  fpecimen  of 
Anglo-Saxon  poetry.  It  has  been  handed  down 
to  us'in  King  Alfred's  tranflation  of  Bede*s  hif- 
tory,  Book  IV.  Chap.  24.  and  appears  to  have 
been  compofed  about  the  year  660. 

Fragment 


(     Ivii     ) 


Fragment  oj" the  genuine  CAEDMON ;  perhaps  near' 
ly  the  fame  language  with  the  Pi6lo-Belgic. 


Nu  we  fccoJon  he-ri-gean  Heo-fon  rices  weard. 


p^Epii^^^ 


:ro 


Me  -  to  -  des  mihte  and      hi§  mode  ge  .  thank,. 


Si^== 


Wcora  wul-dor  fa^der  fwa  he  wun-dra  ge-hwses. 


-h—-' 


^^^ip^ 


Ece  drih  -  ten    ord*  on-fteald  he  je  -  reft  fcop. 


;i^^ 


Ear  -  than  bear-num     heo  -  fon     to     rofe. 


Vol.  IV. 


H 


Ha. 


m^^^:= 


Ha  -  Ug  fcip  -  pend     tha  mid  -  dan    geard, 


Mon-cyn-nes  weard  ece  Dnh  •  ten  aef  -  ter  teode. 


ib-p- 


^i^^m 


Fi  -  rnga.  fol  ->  dan,     Frea  oel  -  mih  -  tig. 
Tran/lated  thus. 

Now  fhall  we  praife  the  Governour  -of  the  heavenly 

kingdom , 
The  power  of  the  Creator  ;  and  render  thanks  for  his 

kindnefs  ; 
And  for  the  deeds  of  the  Father  of  glory  ;  the  Lord 

who  wonderfully 
Exifted  from  the  beginning  ;  he  firft  of  all  framed 
The  facred  heavens  as  a  covering  to  the'  children  of 

the  earth  : 
Then  he,  the  prote(9:or  of  mankind,  Lord  eternal, 
And  God  Almighty,  ordained  the  earth  for  man's  ha- 

bitation. 

-    In  the  fame  kind  of  meafure  are  almoft  all  the 
popular  rhymes  which  ftiU  continue  to  be  re- 
peated 


(    lix    ) 

peated  by  children  in  their  ring-dances ;  fuch 

as, 

Vm  Willie  Waftel 
Here  in  my  caftel,  &c. 
I've  a  cherry,  I've  a  chefs, 
I've  a  bonny  blue  glafs,  &c. 

generally  fung  to  the  notes  here  placed  under  the 
Fragment  of  the  genuine  Caedmon.  Perhaps  alfo 
the  boafted  influence  of  antient  Greek  mufic 
ought  to  be  afcribed  to  the  various  modes  and 
artful  management  of  this  kind  of  rhythm,  rather 
than  to  the  fubdivifion  of  the  fcale  into  half  and 
quarter  tones,  or  to  any  fuperior  excellence  in 
the  melody  or  harmony. 

Thefe  obfervations  alfo  afford  a  prefumption 
that  the  popular  Scottifh  airs  in  common  time,  and 
efpecially  in  this  particular  kind  of  rhythm,  fuch 
as  Hey  now  the  day  daws^  John  come  kifs  me  now, 
and  the  Flowers  of  the  Forest^  are  of  higher  an- 
tiquity than  thofe  in  treble  or  minuet  time,  as 
Vll  never  leave  thee,  Waly,  waly,  up  the  bank,  and 
Our  auld  gudeman. 

The  original  words  of  the  firft  of  thefe  having 
long  been  fuppofed  to  be  loft,  I  was  happy  to 
find  them  in  a  MS  collection  of  poems,  chiefly 
by  Montgomery,  in  the  College  Library  of  E- 
dinburgh  From  its  being  mentioned  by  Gawin 
Douglas  in  1 5 1 2  as  a  favourite  fong  among  the 
vulgar,  we  may  fuppofe  it  to  be  as  old  as  the 
reign  of  James  the  Third  :  Tradition  fay^  of 
Robert  the  Bruce. 

HAT 


(  1*  ) 


HAT   NOW   THE   DAY    DAWIS. 


Haj !       now       the         day       dauis, 


j_-j.-j.— j_-g-^ 


The  jo     -     lie         cok      crauis. 


lEzr: 


Now         ihrouds  the  fhauis 


PH^i^^^ 


Throw         Na   -   ture       a  -    none. 


«i=::i=rjt 


The  thiff    ,-      el  cok  crjis 


:ee 


-- ^ 


On  lo      -      vers  wha         Ijis, 

Now 


(  lii  ) 


Now         fkail 


W 


the 


Ikyis, 


i^i^Hi 


The         night  is 


near         gone. 


The  feilds  ourflouis 

With  gouans  that  grouis, 

Quhair  lilies  lyk  louis, 

Als  rid  as  the  rone. 

The  turtril  that  treu  is, 

"With  nots  that  reneuis, 

Hir  hairtie  pcrfeuis. 

The  night  is  ncir  gone. 
I 

Nou  hairtis  with  hynds 

Conforme  to  thair  kynds  ; 

The  turflis  thair  tynds 

On  grand  quhair  thay  grone, 
Nou  hurchonis  with  hairs 
Ay  paffis  in  pairs, 
Quhilk  deuly  declairs. 

The  night  is  neir  gone. 

The  fefone  excellis 

Thrugh  fueetnes  that  fmellis, 

Nou  Cupid  compcUis 

Our  hairts  echone. 


Oa 


On  Venus  wha  vaiks. 
To  mufe  on  our  maiks. 
Syne  fing  for  thair  faiks, 

The  night  is  neir  gone* 

All  curageous  knichtis 
Aganis  the  day  dichtis. 
The  breift- plate  that  bricht  Is, 

To  feght  with  thair  fone. 
Tlie  ftoned  deed  ftampis 
Throw  curage  and  crampis. 
Syne  on  the  land  lampis  ; 

The  night  is  neir  gone. 

The  freiks  on  fcildis. 

That  wight  waponis  weildis. 

With  Ihjning  bricht  fheildis, 

As  Titan  in  trone. 
StifF  fpeirs  in  reifts, 
Over  curfor's  creifts, 
Ar  brok  on  thair  breifts  ; 

The  night  is  neir  gone. 

So  hard  ar  thair  hittis. 
Some  fueyis,  fome  fittis. 
And  fome  perforce  flittis 

On  grand  quhill  they  gronc. 
Syn  grooms  that  gay  is. 
On  blonks  that  bray-is. 
With  fuords  affayis. 

The  night  is  neir  gone. 


The 


(    Ixiii    ) 

The  Editor  has  only  to  add,  that,  except  in 
thofe  inftances  where  a  word  occurs  but  once  in 
the  courfe  of  the  work,  he  has  thought  it  unne- 
ceffary  to  affix  references  from  the  gloflary  to 
the  text.  In  general,  the  explanation  is  fuffi- 
ciently  eftablifhed  by  the  cognate  words ;  and 
there  are  in  this  volume  many  words  which  do 
not  occur  in  the  text.  The  Gloflary  now  offer- 
ed to  the  public  has  indeed  fome  claim  to  be  con- 
fidered  as  a  Didlionary  of  the  antient  language  of 
Scotjand.  It  may,  at'  leafl,  alleviate  the  la- 
bour of  others.  And  if  hereafter  he  fhall  have 
difcovered  that  any  remarkable  words  have  ef- 
caped  his  obfervation,  he  propofes  to  fupply  fuch 
omiffions  in  an  Appendix,  to  be  delivered  gratis 
to  thofe  who  are  in  poffeflion  of  the  work.  In 
all  probability,  he  may,  at  the  fame  time,  find  it 
necelfary  to  correct  fome  erroneous  explanations. 
That  there  fhould  be  no  fuch,  in  a  Gloifary  of 
fix  thoufand  words,  is  not  to  be  expected. 


GLOSSARY; 

,0R 
AN   EXPLANATION"   OF 

4NCIENT  SCOTTISH  WORDS, 


J^r  Ae.  one,  only  ;  abbreviation  of  the  Sax.  a«^,  unus. 
.'Vbad,  A^a^e,  Bade,  delay ^   tarrying  ;   tarried ;  from 

Teut.  heyden,  manere.     [Qoth.  beidan,  expedtare.] 
Abaitmentis,   amufements ;    becaufe,   fajs   Ruddijhan, 

they  abate  or  mitigate  our  cares  or  forrows. 
Abandoun,  to  bring  under  fubjeBion,  to  Juhdue  ;  quaji 

y-bandoun  from  Sax.  ge-bindan.     Teut.  ghe-bandig- 

hetty  ligare,  domare.     [Goth,  bandia,  vinftus.] 
Abandown,  At  abandown.  At  bandown,  at  random^  at 

liberty  ;  from  Fr.  abandon,  handon. 
Abate,  Vol.  I.  19,  event,  adventure, 
Abays,  Abaw,  to  abajh,  to  confound ;   alfo  to  make 

a  low  abeyfance.     Fr.  aba'ijfer, 
Abee,  alone,  q.  y-bee,  remain  in  the  fame  Hate. 
Abit,  abide,  await. 

Abitis,  0\yiX.°,y  fervice  for  the  dead.  Lat. 
Abjure,  to  ahfolve.  Lat. 

Ablis,  Abil,  ^J[j[ig.s,  perhaps,  if  able,  q.  d.  able  fo. 
AboTie,  Abovyn,  above.  Teut.  boven,  fupraj  quafi^^<?- 

hoven,  or  y-boven. 
Abrede,  Brade,  to  publifh,  or  fpread  abroad:   alfo  to 

prefs,  drive,  ox  force.  Sax.  abrcedan^  propalare  ;  ex- 

erere,  Itringere,  avellere. 
Abfteky],  obfiacle. 

Ab-Thane,  Abthane,  up,  or  upper  Thane  ;  fee  Thane. 
Abulye,  Habulye,  to  drefs,  to  equipp,  or  arm.     Fr.  ha~ 
""Vtlter. 

AbulyMeiment,  habiliment^  harnefs^  armour.     Fr.  habi- 
"lement." 

Vol,  IV.  A  Abufion, 


Ab.  Af. 

Abufion,  ahufe. 
•— rAbj^  to  abide y  or  fuffer.     Teut.  heyiden  ;  Dan.  hieVy  ex« 

peftare,  fuftinere  ;  alfo,  to  dwells  from  Sax.  bye,  ha- 

bitatio  ;  byan,  habitare. 
Abj,  quaji  Y'by,  to  buy. 
Acberfpyre  (fpoken  of  malt)  to  fpring  at  both  ends, 

and  thereby,  fays  Skene,  *'  to  ftiute  out  all  the  thrift 

^nd  fubftance."     According  to  a  Lancafhire  Glofla- 

ry,  ackerfprit  fignifies  '*  a  potatoe  with  roots  at  both 

ends."     Teut.  achter,  poll,  retro  ;  &  fprote,  fprit, 

germen,  germinatio. 
Achil  for  Athil,  noble.     Sax.  aethel,  nobilis. 
Actendit,  expl.  afforded. 
'—•Aftoune,  a  quilted  ieathern  covering  for  the  lody.     O. 

)tv.  nuqueton. 
Adjutorie,  aid.  Lat. 
A-dow,  Of  dow,  of  worth.     Teut.  deghe,   virtus,  de- 

cus,  bonum  aliquid.  See  Dow. 
„„A^drgd,  afraid.     Sax.  adred,  timuit. 
j^xed,  downright      Fr.  adroit 
Adreich,  A-drigh,  behind,  at  a  diflance  behind.     Teut. 

traeghy  tardus.     Skinner   miftakes  the  meaning  of 

the  word,  and  fo  derives  it  from  Sax.  drafe,  expulfio. 
Adrefs,  to  order,  to  frame.     Fr.  addreffer. 
Adrefly,  expertly ^  with  good  addrefs.  Fr. 
~"  Afgld,  EfFald,  Ane  fald,  ingenuous ,'without guile, fingle- 

minded. 
AfFeir,  Effere,  Fere,  Yc\r,  appearance,  fhew,equippment. 

Sax.  faergh  ,■    Swed.  farg  ;     Teut.   verwe,   color. 

Fere  or  Eliere  of  weir,  ^ew  of  war. 
Affeir,  Effair,  affairs,  huftnefs  ;  AfFeired,  hufed.     Fr. 

affaire. 
Af^irs,  EiTeris,  Affciring  to,   belongs  to,   relates  to,  is 

proper,   becomes  :  from  the  Fr.  affera?it,  of  the  fame 

iignificatlon  ;  and  nearly  allied   to  the  Lat.   refcrt, 

\QKiXX\.Jagrs,  utilis,  appofitus.] 
Affroitlie,  affrightedly. 
Affy,  to  confide.  Fr. 

Aftcrings,  the  lafi  drawn  part  of  a  cow\s  milk.  [Theot. 
■    afterin,  pofterior.} 

After-hend, 


Af. Al. 

After-hend,  afterwards^  next  after.     Teut.  achter-aen, 

deinceps. 
After- clapj  e^vil  confequence.     [Teut.  achterhlap^  difFa- 

raatio.] 
Affyrm,  Afferme,  to  fupporti  to  ejlablijh.  Fr. 
Agaj^e,  againji.     Sax.  agen, 

Aggrege,  to  aggravate.     Fr.  aggreger. 

Aggrife,  to  affright^  attack.     Sax.  agrifan,  horrere. 

Agill,  AchWy  noble.     Sax.  aethel. 

Aiglet,  tagged  point.     Fr.  efguillette,  q.  d.  aculeata.  It 

is  alfo  explained  a  jewel  in  one''s  cap.  Fr.  aigrette. 
Aik,  oak.      Ackyn,  oaken.     Sax.  ac^  quercns. 
Ayi,  own.     Sax.  agen.     Goth.  «»Zf«,  proprius. 
Air,  early.     Sax.  rt^r.     Goth,  air^  prima  luce,  prius ; 

whence  it  alfo  fignifies  before^  fame  time  ago. 
Air,  heir. 

Air,  oar.     Sax.  ar.     Ifl.  aar^  remus. 
Air,  hair,  ufed  for  a  thing  of  no  value. 
Airt,  point  of  the  compnfs  ;  perhaps  equivalent  to  ward 

in  compofition.     Sax.  weard,  verfus  ;  Or,  from  Ir. 

airdf  a  coaft  or  quarter. 
Aifement,  Ayfyament,  Eafement,  eafe^  convenience^  ad- 
vantage.    Fr.  aife. 
.4it>  oaty  oaten. 
Aizles,  Eifles,  glowing  hot  cinders.     Teut.  nfche^  cinis. 

Swed.  eldy  ignis,  q.  afh-elds.     See  Eldin. 
Alaguft,  explained  y«/^/<:jo//. 
AM^Cyf eld,  f eld  of  growing  corn.  T  exit,  acker.  Goth. 

akrs,  ager. 
Alake,  nlack^  alas  ;    according  to  the  Lane.  Glonarj, 

a  oTtke,  all  I  love. 
Alanerly.  Allennarlie,  alone,   only,  exclujively.     Teut. 

alleenlick,  folum,  tantum. 
AJawe,  below. 

Alb,  white  garment,  a  furpliee.  Lat. 
lAld,  old.     Teut.  aid,  antiquus. 
Alege,  to  abfolve  front  allegiance.     Fr.  al-leger. 
Algate,  Algatis,  all  ways,  every  way  i  fenaper,  omnino, 

nihilominus.     See  Gate. 
Alite,  a  little. 

Alkin, 


Al.  Atrf. 

Alkin,  all  kind,  every  fort. 

Allaris,  allies,  confederates. 

Allennarlie.     See  Alanerly,  alone. 

Aikr,  elder  tree.  J-tAx-^ 

Aller,  altogethef.     Teut.  -allery  omnium  ;  allerley^  om-* 

nigenus.     Goth.  alliSf  omnino. 
All-hallows,  All  faints  day.   Sax.  ealra  halgena-mcefjif 

omnium  fanftorum  feftum. 
Allj2W,  Lowe,  to  applaud,  or  approve.  Allow,  for  Ilotve. 

AWo-witypraifedy  commended.  Yr.  allcuer.  Snx.Jcfian. 

Ifl.  lofa,  laudare. 
Almorie,  Aumry,  cup-hoard.     Teut.  almaris.    Fr.  or- 

maire,  armarium,  repofitorj  of  utenfils. 
Almous,  Amufs,  alms.  Teut.  &  Sax.  aelmejfe.  [Goth# 

armahairtitha,  eleemofyna.] 
Almoufeir,  almoner.     See  Almous. 
Alrifche.     See  Elrifche,  hideous. 
Allryn,  explained  all  in  progrefs.  Teut.  allerhandey  om* 

nigenus. 
Alryne  feems  to  mean  the  top  of  a  turret  or  hill, 
Als^  as,  alfo.     Teut.  als  ;  ficut. 
T^^i^Xth,  inflantly.     Sax.  fvoyth,  vehementer,  whence 

Aluterlie,  AUuterly,  altogether^  utterly,  wholly.  O.  Fr. 

"iout-oultre. 
Alycht,  enlighten.     Sax.  leohtan,  accendere. 
Amaille,  Anmaille,  quichfilver,  or  a  mixture  of  quick- 

filver  with  fome  other  metals  or  femi-metals. 
Ambyfett,  hefet,  lay  in  ambufh.     Sax.  ymh,  about. 
Ameis,  Ameys,  Amefe,  mitigate,  or  appeafc.    Fr.  amu- 

fer  ;  or,  according  to  Ruddiman,  from  Fr.  emmatir, 

cohibere,  reprimere. 
Amene,  pleafant.     Lat.  ameenus. 
Amerand,  Emerant,  green^  verdant  j  from  the  colour 

of  the  emerald. 
Ameris,  Amberys,  emlers. 
Amit,  admit,  omit. 
Amorettis,   heads    of  quaking  grafs,    or  fkakers.   Fr. 

According  to  Mr  Tytler,  love-knots  or  garlands. 
Amorat,  enamoured.  Fr. 
Amlhack,  noofe,faflemng.     See  Hamfchakel. 

Amy  rale. 


Am.        .1.       Ap. 

Amyrale,  admiral.     Fr.  &  Belg,  from  Lat.  Barb,  ad-^ 

miralis  feu  adm'ir alius, 
Amyte,  amity ^friendjhip.  Fi. 
>*»-An,  Andj^//".      Ifl   aeriy  fi. 
Anarne,  call  over  the  names. 

Ancleth,   Hancleth,  ankle.     Sax.   ancleow,   q.   d.   aen^ 
clauive^  talus. 
i—qAiieath.  beneath. 

Aug,  one,  the  fame.     Sax.  an.     Gotb.  «//?/,  unus.     It 
was  alio  much  jjXsdJiQI,the_y^^^^^  ^>  *"*^  foi^etimes 
as  a  verb,  to  he  at  one^  to  agree. 
Anelyd,  incited,  excited.     Sax.  analan,  incitare. 
~— Anent,  concerningy  about. 

— --Anens,  Anenft,  ever  againjl  j  from  Sax.  nean,  prope, 
Anerly,  only 

Angel,  a  gold  coin  of  i  os.  value. 
Anherd,  Annerd,  adhere.     Fr.  aherdre. 
Ankerfaidel,  III.  429.  anchorite,  hermit.     Sax.  ancer- 
fetle,  ancborefis.      The  fame  Saxon  word  alfo  figni- 
fies  the  prow  of  a  fliip,  or  fhip's  head,  prora. 
Ankerftock,  a  large  loaf  made  of  rye  flour  ;  quafi  on 
anchorite"* s  fock,  or  fupply  for  fame  length  cf  time  ; 
or  fo  called  perhaps  from  fome  fancied   refeniblance 
to  the  ftock  of  an  anchor. 
Anlace,  dagger.   Theot.  anela'z,  anale^e,  adiumbare,  vel 

adlaterale  telum  ;  from  leiz,  lalus,  ad  latus,  juxta. 
'Anter.  Aunter,  adventure. 
Anterous,  Aunterous,  adventurous. 
Anteteume,  Anti-tune,  antiphone,  or  reponfe^  alternate 

finging. 
Anyng,  union.     111.  ening. 
Anjs,  nffes.  Fr. 
j_nys,  Anis,  once,  oner's. 

A  per  fe,  Lat.  ufed  for  uriique,  mafch'efs  ferfcf?,  or 
thing ;  cui  nihil  fimile,  like  the  letter  A  by  itfclf, 
which  has  the  firft  place  in  the  Alphabets  of  moft 
languages,  perhaps  from  its  being  more  cafily  pro- 
nounced than  any  othe.r  letter. 
A^^ju,  fcarcely y  hardly,  with  diffxuUy.  Fr.  a-pctve. 
Apirfmart,  poignant,  froward^  rcugh.  Fr.  ofpre,  and 
^%.fmeortf  cruciatus. 

Apert, 


Ap.     I  As. 

Apert,  hrijl^frecy  hold.  Fr. 
Aporte,  deportment,  conduB.  Fr.  apport. 
ApplciSfJatif/y,  content. 
Appoifit,  compofed. 
.-W^ragne,  ?ifpider.     Lat.  aranea. 
Ar,  oar.     Sax.  are      Ifl.  aar,  remus. 
Aras,  Arrace,  to  fei^ie  ox /natch.     Fr.  arracher. 
Arajne,  arrayed. 

Arblafter.     See  Aublafter,  crofs-haw. 
Arc,  Ark,  targe  chejl.     Sax.  arc.     Goth.  arka. 
AreiT?,  to  reach  to.     Sax.  areccauy  aflVqfli. 
Areffis,  arrace,  tapejlry. 

Argone,  Argue,  cenfure,  call  in  qiiejlion,  quarrel  ahojitj 
Argh,   Airgh,   tardy ^  backward,  Jlow.      Theot.   arg^ 

inutilis,  ignavus,  titnidus.     Teut.  trncgh,  tardus. 
Arglinels,    Archnefs,     tardinefs,    hackwardnefs.      See 

Argh. 
Arit,  tilled.     Teut.  aeren,  arare. 
-«^Arles,  Arle-penny,  earnejl  jnoney.     Fr.  arret.     Belg. 
ar-penning.     Swed.  arlig,  fincerus.     Lat.  arrha. 
Armony,  harmony. 
Armjn,  Armouris,  arms.  Fr. 
Arnit,  Ernyt,  earth-nut,  bulbocafianum. 
Arfey-verfej,  topfy-turvy,  heels  over  head. 
Afs,  Affis,  njhes.   Teut. 

ArtailYe.   Artellye,  artillery ^  weapons   of  offence  ;    as 
botus  and  arrows  before  the  invention  of  cannon.  Fr. 
ar  tiller  ie. 
.   Arts  and  Jury,  fcholajiic  fcienccs  and  law. 
'  AjTejJEn-e,y^cr,  maik  left  by  afore.  Dan.  arr,  cicatrix. 
Arred,  Erred,  cicatrifed.  Dan.  arred. 
Arreik,  to  reach  to.     Sax.  areccan. 
Artow,  art  then. 
Afk,   newt,   an   animal  of  the  lizard  kind.     Fr.  afcs- 

"tabe,  flellio. 
Afs,  Ais,  nfhes.  Teut.  as  vel  (fch,  cinis. 
AlTecurat,  affured.  Lat. 
Aflil-trie,  axle-tree.  Teut.  as,  axis. 
Allege,  bejiege,jiege. 
AficHobj^l,  engage.     Affemble,  engagement. 

MMvK 


As.  ■    Av. 

Aflblye,  Aflbilie,  Aflbylie,  ahfolve^  acquit.    Lat.  abfoU 

i)ere. 
Aflbinye,  Aflbnie,   excufcy  ejjoign  ;  alfo  to  acquit.     Fr. 

exonier. 
Afpjne,  Helping,  Joining.     See  Hefp. 
ASyth,/atisfa3ion;  tofatisfy.     Gael,  ^z/i',  peace  ,•  or 

rather  Sax.  ge-Jothiaiiy  to  footh, 
Aftabil,  efiahlijhy  fettle. 

Aftalit,  enjlalledyjiationed.    Sax.^^a//,  ftatus,  ftatio. 
Aftart,  Altert,  to  fpring  fuddenly ^  to  run  away  quickly^ 

to  leap.     Sax.  ajliriariy  amovere,  commovere. 
A^exSyJiars.     Fr.  ajire.     Lat.  ajirum. 
Aftit,  ratheryfooner  ;  q.  d.  as  tidey  as  foon. 
Aftound,  ajloniedy  ajlonifhed.     Sax.  Jluniariy  obtundere. 
Aftrene.     See  Auftrcne,  aujiere. 
At,  that.     Dan.  &c. 
Atanis,  at  once. 

Atchefon,  explained  two  thirds  oj" a  penny. 
~Athe,  Aith,  oath.     Sax.  ath.     Goth.  aith. 
Athel,  Aethil,  noble,  illujirious.     Sax.  aethel^  nobilis, 
Athil-mcn,  nobles.     Sax. 
Attaychit,  attached,  fajlened.     Fr.  attache. 
'Attamie,  human  Jheleton.  O.  Teut.  atum,  fpiritus. 
Attour,  Atoure,  q.  d.  out  over,  beyond,  exceeding ;  more- 

.  Attyr,  Atry,  grim,  with  a  threatening  afpe&.  Sax.  atcr, 

virus,  venenum.     Lat.  ater,  vel  atrox. 
Attyrcope,  malignant  per/on,  fpider,  po'fonous   infeEi. 

Sax.  attercoppa,   aranea,  from  Sax.  ater,  veneuuni. 

Teut.  eyter,  pus,  fanies,  &  cop,  koppe,  aranea. 
Atys/Ajts.  oats.     Sax.  af^,  avena,  lolium. 
Ava,  of  all,  at  all. 
^XaJi£?i  advance,  promote. 
Avenand,  affable,  convefiient.     Fr.  advenant. 
Aveaantis,  affable  perfons.     Fr. 
"*■  ^^Z£r»  p^o^^g^-'  fjoffy  ^^^  horfe.  Lat.  barb,  averia,  equi  j 

from  O.  Teut.  aver,  haverie^  bona  mobilia, 
Averyle,  April. 

Averus,  avaricious.     Lat.  avarus.  -  • 

Avillou?, 


Av.  '  Au. 

A  villous,  Avvillous,  III.  147.  dehafedy  degenerate.     Fr, 
avile. 
— Aunme.     See  Almrie,  cup-hoard. 

Avouterie,  Advouterie,  adultery.     O.  Fr.  avoutrie. 
Avyfet,    bethoughty   behaved,   conduced.      Avyfement, 
confultation.    Fr.  avifc^  from  Teut.  witfeTty  inflruire, 
..-A.W,  to  owu,  to  be  owner  of.    Sax.  agan.  Goth,  aigatt  j 

poflidere,  habere,  obtinere. 
'-Aw,  to  owe.     HI.  eg  aa,  debeo. 

-  Awail,  A  wall,  to  fall  bnchivard^  or  tumble  down  hill. 
Ajwalt_£heep,  one  that  has  fo  fallen^  and  cannot  recover 

itfelf.     Fr.  avaller. 
Awbercheouii,  habergeon^  coat  of  mail.  Fr. 
Awblafler,  Alblafter,   crofs-bow,  crofs-bow  men.     Fr. 

arbalejlier,  arhalejlei  arcubalifta. 
AvLchty  property,  pojfejji on.     Sax.  <cht.     Goth,  aigtns  i 
pofieflio,  peculiutn,  opes,  fiibftantia. 
"^  Audit,  owned,  appropriated,  po^Jfed.     See  Aw,  to  be 
owner  of. 
—    Audit,  ought. 

./Vucht,  Auchten,  eight.    Teut.  ahtu.  Goth,  ahta,  06I0. 
Auchtene,  eighteen.  Auchtfum,  about  eight.  Aucht- 
and,  eighth. 
Awent,  perhaps  Avent,  expl.  refrefh. 
Awerty,  perhaps  Aveitj,  experienced.  Fr.  adverti. 
,,*-Auld,  old.     Teut.  aid,  alt. 
Awie,  hall.      Ifl.  haull,  aula, 
Aume,  Alme,  allum. 
Awmon,  Hewmon,  helmet. 
Awmous,  a  fur  cap.  O.  Fr.  from  Teut.  muts. 
•x^Awne,  beard  of  oats,  or  other  grain.  Goth,  ahand,  pa» 

leas. 
.^  Aunter,  Aventure,  adventure.     Auntyris,   advent,ures. 
Aunterous,  adventurous,    \unterin,  Aunteryns,  j&fr- 
advcnture,  by  chance yfortuitoujly.     Fr.  aventure. 
Auncetour.  anceflor. 
Awpes,  Whaups,  curlews. 
Aureat,  golden,  polifoed.  Lat. 
^^Awfiun,  A\v{omz,  fnghtf nil,  horrible.  See  Ug-fum. 
Aullie;  Auftrie.     See  Auftrene,  auflere. 

Awftrene, 


Aw.  Ba. 

Awftrene,  Alftrene,  Aftrene,  aujiere,  feverey  Jlern. 
Teut.  hals-Jlerrighy  obftinatus,  durae  cervicis.  Sax. 
Jiyrn.     Lat.  aujierus. 

Autane,  Hautane,  haughty.  Fr,  hautain,  Goth,  hauhs, 
altus. 

Awyn,  Awin,  own.  Szx.agen.  Goth  aighiriy  aihtij  pro- 
~  pnus. 

Axis,  ojks. 

Axes,  Ackfys,  ague ;  fuppofed  to  originate  from  Fr. 
acces  de  fievre  j  but  rather  perhaps   from  the  Sax. 
aeke^  doiov -f  OT^  egejisy  horror,  teiror.     Goth.  a^V, 
trepidatio. 
—Ay,  ever. 

^^-dolly,  Eildollie,  Oyl-dolie,  Vol.  III.  p.  34i,fome 
kind  of  oil  perhaps  for  curing  wounds?  Sax.  ele^  ole- 
um, and  dolghf  vulnus;  but  this  feems  very  doubtful. 
i^.Ayn4ii?gT  breathing.     Aynding  ftede,   breathing  place. 

Dan.  aander^  to  breath.   Swed.  andcy  anhelitus. 
'  '  Ayont,  beyond.  Sax.  a-gheondy  ultra,  trans. 

Ayjament,  accommodation.  Fr.  aifance. 

B. 

Bab  IE,  halfpenny  ;  according  to  Mr  Pinkerton  and  o- 
thers,  corrupted  fi'om  Fr.  bas-piecey  which,  they  fay, 
was  the  original  name  of  this  coin,  on  account  of 
the  bafe  quality  of  the  billon  or  metal  of  which  it 
was  made.  The  word  is  mentioned  in  Knox's  hif- 
tory  of  the  reformation,  and  appears  to  be  as  ancient 
as  the  time  of  James  the  Fifth,  when  its  value  was 
three  Scottifh  pennies. 

Babyis,  babes. 

Bad,  Baud,  offered.  Bad  him,  madi  him  an  offer  of. 
See  Bid,  to  offer. 

Bad,  Baud,  invited.  See  Bid,  to  invite. 

Bad,  Baud,  commanded,  ordered.  See  Bid. 

Bade.  See  Abade,  delay. 

Bade,  Baid,  place  of  refdence,  or  abode  :  alfo  dwelty 
quafi  byed,  from  Sax.  bycy  habitatio  ;  by  an,  habi- 
tare.  ' 

Vol.  IV.  B  Badlyng, 


Ba.  Ba. 

Ba^ilyn^,  perhaps  evH  dlfpofed  perfon.  See  Baudling. 

Badnjftie,  perhaps  barrennefi, 

Baggtt  hots,  JlaUion  ;  fo  named  from  Fr.  baguette. 

Bagrie,  fame  as  Bhiidrie,  trajhy  trumpery. 

Bag-ftanis,  tejl'ides. 

Bailis,  Bales, ybrrijxyj,  misfortunes.  Sax.  heal,  malum. 

Bailis,  Bales,  Bale-fyres,  now  by  corruption  hone-fires, 

Y)zn.  haal.     Sax.  hae/ Sc  haeljj/r,  rogus,    pyia.     In 

O.  Engl,  hale-wood  fignified  wood  for  making  the 

bale-fires. 
Bain,  Bane,,^(j/ff.  Sax.  ban. 
Baiid,  bard,  rhimer,  poet  ;  of  Celtic  origin,   the  word 

being  found  nearly  under  the  fame  form,  and  with 

the  fame  fignification,   in  all  the  various  diale£ts  of 

that  language ;  as  alfo,  hnr,    carmen. 
Bairdis,  trappings,  particularly  of  hoifes.    See  Baird. 
Baith,  both.  Sax.  bathiva.  Goth,  bai,  ambo. 
Baird,  to  array,  or  equipp.    Bairdyt,  dreJfed,.caparifQ!i  • 

ed.      Teut.    barderen,      Fr.   harder,   phalerare,    or- 

narc. 
Bair-man,  bankrupt,  fubftantia  omni  nudatus. 
Bairiie,  Barne,  Berne,  child,  young  per/on.     Sax.  beam. 

Goth,  barn,  infans,  puer,  puella. 
Bairn- ty me,  the  whole  children  of  one  looman.     Sax. 
.  beam-team,  proles. 
Bait,  to  feedytopafiurc.  BaitTiud,  pq^uring.  Sax.  batav, 

inefcare; 
Bak,  Bauk,  ^r?/,  vefpertilio. 
Baklter,  ^/it'r.   IH. 

Jiakkin,  \\-\^.mcv\,  folloivers,  attendants. 
Bald,  bold.  Sax.  bald,  audax. 
iialei!,  whale  bone.  Lat.  halena. , 
Balker,  an  officer  of  the  cufioms,  or    infpeSior  at  a  fea 

port.. 
Ballingcre,  Ballyngare,  a  kind  of  fioop  or  long-boat. 
Ikillit,  ballad ;    the   origin    uncertain,    although  fome 

derive  it  from  Lat   ballare,  faltare  ;  between  which 

and  the  Fr.  ballit^  there  is,  however,  a  manifeft  afli- 

nity.  See  Barly-break. 
Balow,  Bak'low,  hv/h.     An  ingenious  etymologift  has 

fancied 


Ba.  -.  Ba. 

fancied  the  latter  to  be  Fr.  has !    h  loup,  hufh  ! 
there's  the  wolf !  " 

Ban,  to  curfcy  to  excommunicate.  Sax.  ahannan.  Swed. 
bannay  denuntiare. 

Band  of  a  hill,  the  top  or  funtmit ;  fo  called  perhaps 
from  its  hent  appearance. 

Bancouris,  tapejlry  covers  for  tables,  benches,  8cc.  Fr. 
banquier.  As  a  diminutive,  or  rather  a  variation  of 
hinksy  it  alfo  fignifies  bunkers,  i.  e.  benches  or  feats  in 
a  window  recefs,  or  in  the  wall. 

Bandoun,  prifon,  confinement,  bondages.  Tout,  band, 
banden,  Goth,  bandios,  vincula  j  bandia,  captivus, 
vinftus  ;  bindan,  vincere,  ligare.  "  To  her  bandon" 
occurs  in  Chaucer,  and  is  explained  by  Junius 
to  her  voluntary  fervice,  as  in  O.  Fr.  a  fon  ban- 
don.  In  a  Norman- Saxon  ballad  publiihtd  bv  Mr 
Ritfon,  **  in  hire  bandoun,''  is  expl.  at  her  com- 
mand ;  but  this  fpecies  of  Saxon  dialedl  was  proba- 
bly never  much  known  in  Scotland. 

Bandfler,  binder,  he  who  binds  up  the  corn  into  fkeavcs. 
Teut.  [Goth,  banjia,  horreum.] 

Bane      See  Boun,  ready. 

Baneoure,  Banerer,  bearer  of  the  banner.  Teut.  biiiier- 
heer,  dominus  proecipui  figni,  baro.  Belg.  band,  ha- 
niere,  fignum  militare.  Goth,  bandwo,  fignum 

Bang,  Jevere  blow  ;  alfo  to  beat  feverely.  Sw.  banha, 
bangia,  pulfare.  Teut.  henghelen,  iuflibus  cs&dere. 
Goth,  banios,  plagas. 

Bangfttr,  ^zxigx^ev,  ferocious  quarrelf owe  fellow,  front 
Bang. 

Bannow,  Bannock,  a  thinnijh  loaf -of  a  circular  form  ,- 
commonly  made  of  barley-meal.  I  eut.  io/.  Swed. 
builu^  panis  rotundus  ;  &  nauw,  Te(lrJ(5lus,  parens, 
fordidus,  q.  bol-naw.  Gael,  bonnach. 

Banrent,  Banneret,  a  knight  or  chief  who  in  war  was 
entitled  to  difplay  his  arms  on  a  **  ba/mer"  or  dif 
ting4iijhing  flag  in  the  King's  army.  The  ceremot.y 
of  his  creation  took  place  commonly  in  the  field  uri- 
der  the  royal  llandard. 

Barbulye.  to  diJlraSt,  to  perplex.  I'r.  br.rbou'iUer. 

B^rdis.  See  Bairdis,  trappings. 

Bargane, 


Ba.  — ...-^  Ba. 

Bargane,  a  •wrangling  or  contending,  a  Jhirmijh  or  hat- 
tie. 

Baji^ane,  to  wrangle ,  to  quarrel,  ox  fight. 

Barganeris,  wranglers,  combatants,  fighters.  Fr.  bar' 
guigner,  licitari ;  where  the  Latin  word  correfponds 
better  than  the  French  with  the  Scottifh  bargane. 
Teut.  balghen,  altercari,  decertare,  confligere  ;  or,  it 
may  have  the  fame  origin  with  Wrangle  or  Argone, 
See  alfo  Barrat. 

Barla-fummil,  Barly-fa',  an  exclamation  for  a  truce  by 
one  who  has  fallen  dotvn  in  wreftling  or  play  ;  ac* 
cording  to  Ruddiman,  from  Fr.  parley,  and  whom- 
mil,  (whelm,')  in  the  Aberdeenfhire  dialect,  fommil. 
Montgomery,  in  one  of  his  unpublifhed  poems,  fays 
to  his  miftrefs,  **  then  barla-cheis,  or  barla-chois 
advyfe ;"  that  is,  as  it  would  feem  from  the  con- 
text, then  confider  whether  you  will  keep  me  cha- 
cing  after  you,  or  at  once  declare  me  the  objeft  of 
your  choice.  This  tends,  in  fome  degree,  to  confirm 
Ruddiman's  conje6lure,  but  is  not  fatisfa61ory.  It 
is  not  unlikely  that  the  meaning  of  barly  in  this 
and  in  the  following  article  may  be  the  fame,  what- 
ever be  the  derivation. 

Barly-brake,  Barli-break,  explained  a  ring  dance,  cho- 
rus circulaiis.    If  this  definition  be  corredt,  the  ori- 
gin muft  be  different  from  that  fuggefted  by  Ruddi- 
man in  the  preceding  article ;    at  leaft,   no  analogy 
feems  difcoverable.    Perhaps  it  may  be  found  in  the 
Celt,  bar,   carmen,  and  lay  or  leod,  populus,  val- 
gus :  break  may  be  fynonimous  withyrfa^. 
Barmekyn,  Barmkyn,  Bermkin,    the  outermofi  fortifi- 
cation of  a  cafile.     Teut.  barm,   agger,   coacervatio 
lapidum  aut  terrae ;  &  kina,  fiffura,  a  rude  wall  fur- 
niflbed  with  apertures.      This  feems   alfo  to  have 
been  the  original,  although  not  the  modern  fignifica- 
tion  of  the  Fr.  harbacane.  See  Barraifs. 
Barm-hors,  probably  a  horfe  for  carrying  out  dung  to 
the  field  ;  vulgarly  a  muck-horfe.  1  eut.  barme,  faex, 
fanies. 
Barnage,  Barne,  baronage,  inhabitants  of  a  barony,  vaf 
fals  of  a  baron,  from  Teut.  bar,  fuperior,  dominus, 

herus. 


15a Bs. 

iierus.     Barony  or  Baronry  is  flill  ufed  In  the  fatnft 

fenfe.  i 

Barraifs,  Barris,  Barrace,  limitSy  hounds^  barrier,  fpact 

of  ground  where   combatants   were   inclofed.     O.  Fr. 

barra.     Teut.  barre,  feptum,    repagulum  \    barren^ 

includere,  nearly  allied  to  Barmekyn  or  Barnkyn. 

Barrat,   trouble,  forrow.     Ifl.  barrata,   lis,   contentio, 

^"which  fome  have  fuppofed  to  be   alio  the  origin  of 

Sc.  bargane,  wrangle. 
Bartane.  Britain.     Bartanye,  Bretagnh 
Balk.  See  Halk,  dry  and  rough  to  the  tajie.  Tetit. 
BaiTyn-raip,   rope  made  of  prepared  rnfbes,   or  coarfe 

hemp.  Teut.  biefe,  or  biendfe,  j uncus,  fcirpiis. 
Baflynit,  Bafnyt,  helmet.  Fr.  bqfflnct,  galea. 
Balmy  t,  (cow,)  white  faced ;  from  O.  Eng.  baufyn,  a 

badger. 
Balle,  to  beat.  See  Ballon. 
Ballon,  baton,  Jioff.  Teut.  hafi.  Snx.  bat.  111.  &c.  'vir" 

gula. 
Batablc,  Baitable,  debateable,  of  which  the  property  is 
doubtful,   or  liable  to  be  contended  for.     Fr.  batable^ 
pugnabilis.  Teut.  battin,  batuere. 
Batch,  cretv^  company.  Fr.  bauche,  a  layer  or  courfe  of 

flones  for  building. 
Bate,  boat.     Bate-wafd,  boat-man,  boat-keeper. 
Battle,  Bawty,  name  commonly  given  to  a  dog.  [Theot. 

handt,  canis  paftoralis,  vmcuiis  alTuetus.] 
fiattie-bummel,  Bommel-bautie,y?w^Avo//,  booby.  Here 
'   is  a  notable  fund  of  etymological  amufemeat.   imo, 
it  may  be  called  an  alliterative  corruption   or  aug- 
mentation of  the  Teut.  hot  muyl,  hoino  ftolidus,  from 
hot,  hebes,  and  ct?/^/,  mulus.   2do.  it  may  be  derived 
from  the  fame  Teut.  bot^  and  hommele,  fucus,  (^.fiu" 
pid  drone,  ^tio.  As  Blaitie-bum   occurs  in  the  fame 
fenfe,  the  derivation  may  be  from  Teut.  blait,  vani- 
loquus,  bardus,  gloriofus,  and  bomme,  tympanum,  q. 
enipty  boajier.     Lallly,  from  the  Fr.  bat,  and  Teut. 
booTU'Woll,  cotton,  q.  bag  of  cotton. 
Batt^yle,    battle,   war  ;  divi/ion  of  an  army  ;  clofe  by 
•one  ajiothtr.  Hike  men  in  order  of  battle,  "^i'liit.  batalie, 

certamcn  • 


fia.  ■  B^. 

t:ertamen  ;  batualia,  exercitationes  gladiatorum,  vel 

militum.  Theot.  batting  ferire,  percutere. 
Battellit,  embattled,  furrounded  with  battlements.     Bat- 
tailing,  battlement.  See  Battayle. 
Batts,  Botts,  cholic.  Teut. 
B^ubard,  larboard.     Fr.  bajbord^  left  fide.     The  fame 

word  is  alfo  explained  whore. 
Bauch,  ^^^,  feeble fjillj/y  flat.    Teut.  (contemptuouf- 

ly,)  balgh,  puer. 
Baudling,  Badling,  7nean  perfon,  boor.  Theot.  baudeling^ 

cafarius  ;  hodel^  cafa,  aedicula. 
Baugie,  badge. 
Bawdekyn,  bodkin. 
Bawdekin,  a  fort  of  rich  cloth  or  tapeflry.  Teut.  halda>- 

kin^  tedium  pretiofum  fuper  menfas,  &c. 
Bawdreik,  a  pendant  necklace. 
Bauk,^/7r,  bar y  f mall  beam.  Teut.  balk,  trabs. 
Bayne,  explained  a  fort   of  fur  \  perhaps  from  Teut. 

baey,  levidenfa. 
Bazed,  Bumbazed,  confounded.     Teut.  baefen^  delirare, 

oberrare,  vagari. 
Be,  by.  Sax. 
Becht,  tyedjfaflenedy  as  with  a  withy,  or  band  of  twigs; 

from  Teut.  bieghen,  fledlere. 
Be-coft,  cofl.     Be-dyit,  dyed.     Be-dettit,  indebted^  See. 
fiedes,  leadsy  fpherulae  prxcatorise.    Sec  the  manner  of 

ufing  beads  in  prayer.  Vol.  III.  p.  242. 
Bedes-man,   Beid-man,  devotee,  interceffor,  one  whofc 

duty  it  is  to  pray  for  his  benefaBor  \  from  Sax.  hi' 

dan.  Teut.  bidden.  Dan.  beder,  orare.  Teut.  bedeler, 

mendicus. 
Bedelvyt,  Bedel vyn,  delved,  digged,  buried.    See  Delf. 
Bedene,  immediately^  in  a  fhort  time  ;    quafi,  by  then, 

Irom  Teut.  dan.  Goth,  than,  tunc. 
Bedewit,  diie^  owing,  or  owed,  indebted. 
Bedovyne,  Bcdoyf,  befmeared.  Belg.  be-dauwen,  to  be- 
dew or  fprinkle. 
Bedler,  Beddyl,  beadle,  meffenger  or  officer  belonging  to 

a  court  of  law,  or  college. 
Bedrel,  bed-rid.    O.  Teut.  bet-bred,  leftus  morlbundi. 
jBeevit,  perhaps  erroneoufly  for  Beerit,  born. 

Bee.% 


Be.  Be. 

Bee?,  fanciful  conceptions  ;    in  the  fame  way  as  the 
Swedes  ufe  'worm  ;  wurmaktig,  whimfical,  having  a 
worm  in  the  head.  See  Hazed. 
Beild,  Beld,  image,  model.  Sax.  hilith.     Teut.  beeld^  i- 

mago,  ftatua,  exemplum. 
Beijd,  Beld,  fjelter,  refuge  ;  quafi  beheiled,  covered  o- 
ver  ;  from  Teut.  heltn,  celare,   velare  ;  behelete^  iu- 
dutus. 
Beforn,  before. 

Beft,  q.  be-offedy  put  off,  beat  off. 
Be-gaik,  beguile.  Teut.   he-ghecherty    deridere,  ludibrio 

habere. 
Begarit,  lacedy  Jlreakedy  Jlriped.  Teut.  be-gaeden,  ador- 

nare,  decorare. 
Begger-bolts,    a  fort  of  darts  or  miffle  weapons.     The 
word  is  ufed  bj  James  VI.  in  his  Battle  of  LepantOy 
to  denote  the  weapons   of  the  forceats^  or  galley 
ilaves. 
35e-_gouth,  Be-goude,   began.     Teut.  be-ghinneny   inci- 

pere. 
^c- grvitlWy  drowned  in  tears.  See  Greit. 
!^hecht.  Behete,  corruptedly  Beheift,  promife\  perntif- 

Jion.  Sax.  hatan,  promittere,  permittere. 
Beilc,  to  hajk  in  the  fun,  or  before  the  fire.  Teut.  baec- 

keren,  excalcfacere,  apricari. 
l^%\x\,  ,Benc,  comfortable ,  in  good  circumjlances  ;  origi- 
nally perhaps  well  lodged,  from  Sax.  bye^  habitatio. 
Beinge,  to  beck,  to  bow.  Teut.  biegen,  geniculare. 
Beir,  iieje,  to  bray,  ba%vl,fnort,  neigh.  Teut.  beren,  fe- 

rociter  clamare,  more  urforum. 
Beirth,    Byrtfie,    burden,    incumbrance,    charge.      Dan. 
byrde,  byrth.     Swed.  boerda,  onus.     Goth,  hairan, 
portare,  ferio. 
Bgifiyn.,  the  firji   milk  of  a  coiv  after  calving.      Teut. 

biejly  b'tefi-milck,  coloftrum. 
Beit,  Bete,  /o  help,  fupply,  increafe.  Sax.  betan.  Teut. 
beteren,  lueliorare,  emendare.     It  alfo  occurs  in  the 
fenfe  of  abate. 
Bekk,  Beak,  to  curtfey.  Teut.  biegen,  in  curvare,  flec- 
tere,  fle6ti  ;  bocken,  indiuare  f<^ 

Belch, 


Be.  Be. 

Betch,  explained  jnonfier  ;  perhaps  the  fame  with  Elf» 
Beld,  fought,  contended.  See  Bell  j  alfo  barked.  Teut. 
^bellen,  latiare.  7 

Beld,  hcild.  Teut.  C-^..  ''^ 

Bele.  See  Bale,j?'a/;;<'. 
Be  lenes,  leans  or  keeps  to  a  Jide. 
Bell^  to  fight.    Teut,  helghen.    Lat.  3^//5,  bellan,  fight- 

Bellical,  warlike. 

Eemiig  tyme,  pairing  time^  the  feafon  when  animals  de^ 
fire  to  couple.  According  to  Ruddiman,  from  Fr» 
belieVy  a  ram;  q.  rojnming  time. 

Beltjne,  Beltane,  May  daj/y  (or  in  fome  parts  of  the 
country  the  2d  of  May,)  which  in  former  times  was 
celebrated  as  a  feftival  over  a  great  part  of  weflein 
Europe.  Charlemagne,  when  he  impofed  new 
names  upon  the  months,  called  May  wonne-maendy 
menfis  amoenitatis  &  gaudii.  If  the  word  Beltyne 
be  of  Teutonic  origin,  it  feems  to  have  nearly  the 
fame  figuification  ;  from  Teut.  baelen.  Dan.  bceler^ 
or  beyler,  Swed.  3^/«,  amare,  operam  dare  amori^ 
fcortari.  Teut  boel,  aniafius,  amafia ;  boelfchapy  a- 
mor  ; — &  tiin  for  tiid,  tempus,  as  it  is  not  uncom- 
monly written  in  fome  of   the  northern  dialefts . 

'J'hofe,  on  the  other  hand,  who  conceive  the  word 
to  be  originally  Gaelic  or  Celtic,  derive  it  from 
Baal  or  Bel'muSy  the  bun,  in  honour  of  vvhom  the 
Druids  are  faid  to  have  celebrated  a  feftival  on  the 
iirft  of  May  ;  and  Gael.  /;>//,  fire,  i.  e.  the  fires  of 
Baal.  In  this  language,  however,  the  word  feems 
to  be  occafionally  written  Beul-tighuy  which,  it  is 
faid,  could  not  have  happened  if  the  latter  part  of  it 
iignified  "fire."  In  the  fame  tongue  a  more  probable 
<;Ierivation  might  be  found  perhaps  in  beolus^  vegeta- 
tion J  ox  billiog,  the  leaf  of  a  tree,  and  tighin,  com- 
ing ;  or  tine  for  tim,  time.  On  the  firft;  of  May, 
fays  Bourne  in  his  "  Popular  Antiquities,"  tlie  juve- 
nile part  of  both  fexcs  were  wont  to  rife  a  little  af- 
ter midnight  and  walk  to  fome  neighbouring  wood, 
where  they  broke  down  branches  from  the  tree^, 
and  adorned    them   with  ncfegays    and   crowns  of 

flowers.. 


Se.  Be. 

flowers.     When  this  was  done,  they  returned  with 
their  booty  about  the  rifing  of  the  fun,  and  made 
their  doors  and  windows  to  triumph  in  the  flowerv 
fpoil.     The  after  part  of   the  day  was  chiefly  fpent 
in  dancing  round  a  May-pole,    which  being  placed 
in  a  convenient  part  of  the  village,  Hood  there,  as  it 
were,  confecrated  to  the  Goddefs  of  Flowers  with- 
out the  leaft  violation  oflfered  it,  in  the  whole  circle 
of  the  year.  This  ufage,  fays  Borlafe  in  his  account 
of  Cornwal,  is  nothing  more  than  a  gratulation  of 
the  fpring  feafon  ;  and  every  houfe  exhibited  a  pro- 
per fignal  of  its  approach,  to  teftify  their  univerfal 
joy  at  the  revival  of  vegetation."     Schilterus  in  his 
Gloflarium  Teutonicum,  under  the  article  Betlidy 
furniflies  an  etymology  of  this  difficult  word  confi- 
derably  diflferent  from  any  of  thefe,  and  by  no  means 
unlikely  to  be  the  true  one.     He  does  not   mention 
where  Betlid  is  to  be  found,  but  informs  us  that  in 
an   authentic    account   de   Epifcoporum  exfequiis, 
(Ann.  816,)  the  following  expreffion  occurs,  "  & 
XXX.  diebus,  canonicis  horis,  expleto  fynaxeos  &  fep- 
tem  heltidum.  Pater  noftcr  pro  eo  cantetur,  &c."— 
Schilterus  here  produces  good  reafons  for  rendering 
beltidum,  pfalmorum  \     and    fuppofes    the   word  to 
have  been  originally  het-lidum  or  betlied,  from  Theot. 
bet  or  bedey   preces,   fie  lied,    cantio,  q.   petitionary 
fongs.     (Thus  far  Shilterus.)    Now,  Beltane,  or  as 
our  celebrated  antiquary  would  make  it,  Betlied  time, 
co-incides  almoft  exaftly  with   Rogation  week  or 
Crofs  week,  when  fupplications  were  made  with  great 
folemnity  for  the  blefling  of  God   upon   the   fruits 
of  the  earth  ;  &  in  facris  aedibus  non  iimul  et  unam 
nielodiam,  fed  fingulae  fingulam  per  choros  fepara- 
tim  canunt ;  et  quamcunque  fuavius  cantare  facer- 
dotes  cognofcuiit,    illi  ex   veteri  more  aliquot  vini 
conchos  dari  adjudicant.     (y.  Boemus  Auhanus,  p. 
269.)     The  beginning  of  May  being  thus  fo  parti- 
cularly diftinguiflied  by  public  exhibitions   of  fing- 
ing,   (chiefly  pfalms  or  petitionary  hymns,  we  may 
prefume,  from  the  nature  of  the  feftival,  and  the 
fuperintendency  of  the  priefts,)  it  feems  not  impro- 
VoL.  IV.  C  bable 


Be.  Be» 

bable  that  the  ngtne  of  Prayer-Jinging-time^  in  Teat, 
Bet-lied-tide,  by  abbreviation  Belt-tid,  might  be  gi- 
ven to   thofe  three  days  which  came  afterwards  to 
be  called  in  Scotland  Beltane.  See  Taanles. 
Bfllomy,  Bellaniie,  expl.  boon  companion.  Fr. 
Btlly-blind,  the  name   of  a  childifh  fport,   otherwife 
called  hide  and  Jeek,     Probably  the  firft  part  of  the 
word  may  have  undergone  fome  corruption. 
Bdyye,  Blive,  hy  and  by,  in  procefs  of  time.     Norm. 

Sax.  bi/ive,  protinus. 
Begies,  Bemys,  trumpets.     Bemyng,  rejounding  ;  from 

Sax.  beam,  tuba. 
Ben,  imier  apartment,  q.  be-in.     Teut.  blnnan^    intus  ; 
binnen-kamer^  locus  fecretior  in  penetralibus  domus. 
The  fpeaker  or  objeft  of  difcourfe,  fuppofed  to  be 
in  the  kitchen  or  fome  other  outward  apartment. 
Bendis,  bands,  ribbands,  fillets.     Teut.  band,  ligamen- 

tum.  Goth,  handiy  vinculum. 
Benk,  Bynk,  bench,  feat.     Teut.  banck.     Dan.  benck, 
fcamnum  ;  whence   banquet — '*  vetus  mos   Franco- 
rum,  remota  menfa,  in  fcamnis  inebriari." 
Benfel,  bang,  to  bong,  or  beat.     Teut.  benghelen,   fufti- 

gare. 
Bennyfoun,  Benefon,  benediBion,  blefjing.  Fr.  beniffon. 
Benfliie,  explained  hairy'' s  wife.    [Theot.  ben%,  diabo- 

lus,  from  bann,  bannitus,  excommunicatus.} 
Bent,  a  kind  of  coarfe grafs,  afield  covered  with  conrfc. 
grafs,  barren  upland  incapable  of  improvement.  Teut.. 
^V;/r//f,  j uncus,  fcirpus.  ^xcxxX.  juncus  a  jungendo,  ita 
biendfe  a  binden,  ligare. 
Berber,  barberry.  Lat.  berberis. 
Bere.     See  Beir,  violent  outcry  ;  alfo  ufed  as  a  verb. 

Berand,  crying  aloud. 
Bergane.  See  Bargane,^^^/. 
Berhedis,  explained  bears  heads  ;  and  bare  heads. 
Berial,  Beile,  Beryel,  the  beryl fione,  ox  fhining  like  the 

beryl. 
Bertand.   See  Bir,  whizzing,  or  whirring  noife. 
Bertane,  Bartane,  Brettane,  Britain^ 
Berth,  explained  vigour,     [lil.  &  Swed.  haerde,  rage.} 
See  Bir. 

Bettrt-, 


fie.  Bi. 

Bertre,  q.  Bere-tre,  hier,  Teut.  baerCf  feretrum. 
Berun,  blood-beruriy  i.  e.  hlood-Jhot ;    from  Theot.  hc" 

ren,  exhibere  ;  birin,  parit ;  or  bernen,  inflammare. 
Befandis,  byzants. 

l^efejk,  befeech.  Teut.  ver-faeken,  folicitare. 
,  Be-fene,  adorned.  Well  be-fene,yrt!/V  to  the  fight. 
Befene,  bufy,  cccupiedf  aSiive.  Fr.  befongne,  bufinefs. 
Befmottrit,  be-fpattered.      Sax.    befmytan^    maculate. 

Goth,  bi-fmait,  unxit. 
Befyne,  Bjfene,  Bjfim,  whore,  baud.     Teut.  baejinne^ 

arnica. 
Betacht,  Betaught,  delivered^  committedy  recommended. 

Sax.  be-taecan,  tiadere. 
Bethleris.     See  Beidlers,  beadles,  mejfengers. 
Betrayfit,  Betrefyt,  betrayed.    Betry^fSj,  betrays. 
Betrumpe,  to  deceive.    Teut.  trompen,  fallere  ;  trompCy 

.crembalum,  a  thing  of  no  value. 
Bevel,  to  Jlant  off  in  hewing  \  from  Teut.  bettghely  cur- 

vatura  ;  beughelen,  arcuare. 
Beverand,yZ>/ji/Ǥ',  nodding.   Teut.  beven,  contremere. 
Beuch,  Bew,  bough.    Beuchit,  Bewit,  having  boughs  or 

branches  ;  alfo  bowed,  crooked,  Teut. 
Beuk,  book.  Teut.  boeck,  liber. 
Beuk,  did  bake.  Teut. 
Bg.w,  good.  Fr.  beau. 
Be  wafFjt,  Be-waiffit,  Be-wavyt,  VriW«  3;/,  or  on  the 

waves 'y  toffed  about  y    from  Teut.   be-weghen,  com- 

movere  ;  waeghey  flu£lus. 
Be-went,  by-gone,  by-pajl.  See  Wend. 
Be-wit,  known.     Teut.  wittigheny   fignificare,  prxnun- 

tiare. 
Be-wry,  furroundedy  wreathed  about ,  q.  be-wreathed  ,- 

alio  to  pervert  or  d'ljiort. 
Bid,  to  offer.  Teut.  biedea,  ofFerre,  priebere. 
Bid,  to  invitBy  to  command.  Teut.  bidden.  Goth,  bidian, 

rogare,  precari,  poftulare. 
Bid,  Boot,  mujiy  ought  ,•  q.  be-ought. 
Bjde,  to  dwell,  to  abide  ;  from  Teut.  beyde,  manere. 
Big,  barley.  Dan.  bygy  hordeum. 
Big,  to  build.  Sax.  bicgan.  Dan.  bygger,  condere.  Big- 

gyns,  buildings.  Goth,  bauan,  xdificare. 

Big, 


^I «.  BI. 

Big,  large^  chiefly  in  refpea  of  height.  [Fris.  baeg,  al- 

tus  ;  q.  bi'heg.'\ 
Bigly*  ^^^g^t  bulky  ;  from  Big. 
Biggonet,  linen  cap,  mutch,  bonnet ;  dimin.  of  O.  Eng. 

biggin,  from  Fr.  beguin,  velum  capitis. 
Bikker,  wooden  dijh.  Dan.  begere.  Teut.  hekery  pocu- 
^lum.  Matth.  x.  42. 
Bilge,  Bulge,  gibbojity,  the /welled  or  protuberant  part. 

Sax.  bolged,  tumidus. 
Billit,  billed ;    "  braid  billit  ax,"    axe   with  a  bread 

face  ;  from  Sax.  bille,  roftrum,  promufcida,  acifcu- 

lum  ;  or,  according  to  Ruddiman,  Jhod  with  iron, 

from  Sax.  bill,  chalybs,  arma. 
Bink.  See  Benck,  bench,  feat  of  judgment. 
Bing,  ^inne,  a   temporary  incloj'ure  or  repofitory  made 

of  boards,  twigs,  or  Jlraw  ropes  for  containing  grain, 

orfuch  like.  Teut.  benne,  quafi  bende  vel  binde.  Sax* 

hinne,  praefepe.  Dan.  bing,  cumera  ,  all  from  Goth. 

bindan,  ligare. 
Birr,  Beir,  noife  made  by  the  flight  of  birds  or  of  an 

arrow.  Birrzad,  flying  fwiftly  with  a  noife  ;  ex  fono 

confifta. 
jBird,  damfel,  bride.  Sax.  hridde,  puUus  ;  bryd,  fponfa. 

Goth,  bruths,  nurus. 
Birk,  birch.  Teut.  berck,  betula. 
Birle,  to  drink  heartily^  to  carroufe,  to  expend  in  drink" 

ing  s  perhaps  from  Sax.  birlian,  haurire. 
Birn,  to  burn,  tofhine.  Goth,  hrinnan,  ardere. 
Birn,  a  burnt  mark. 
Birns,  thejialks  of  half  burnt  heather. 
Birneift,  hurnified,  polifljed,  fcraped.  Fr. 
Birnye,  Byrnie,  corflet,  habergeon.   O.  Fr.  hrugne,  bru- 

nie,  thorax,  lorica.  It  may  alfo  fignify  a  helmet,  from 

Sax.  brynn,  galea. 
Birfle,  to  porch,  to  harden  by  heat.  Fr.  brufler. 
£irfys,  briflles.     Birffand,  trifling  up.     Birffie,  briflly. 

Dan.  byrfl,  feta. 
B.irth.  See  Beirth,  burden. 
Bifm,  Byifm,  abyfs,  deep  pit.  Fr.  abyfme. 
Bifmyng,  Byifming,  expl.  guzzler,  fot. 
Bifmyre,  Byfmere,  expl.  bawd  ;  q.  blijfomer  or  blyth- 

fumer. 


Bi n. 

Jumer,  catuliens.    To  go  a  bliflbming,  catulire,  (^1/- 

nius.)     Sax.  blithjiarif  laetari,  gaudere.     Ifl.   bliida, 

blandities ;  or  connefted  perhaps  with  Teut.  baefmne, 

arnica.    Ruddiman  offers  Sax.  bi-fmer^  contumclia  ; 

&  bi-fmerian,  polluere. 
Bjttil,  beetle. 
Bla,  blue,  of  a  colour  between  black  and  blue^  livid.  Teut. 

blauw.  Theot.  blae^  carfius,  lividus. 
Bia,  Blaucht,  wan,  Teut.  bleych,  pallidus  ;  from  Hey, 

plumbum. 
Black-mail,  Black-money,  Black-rents,  fum  of  money 

paid  annually  to  a  per/on  of  name  and  power  allied 

with  mofs~troopers  or  robbers,  for  proteStion.     See 

Mail. 
Bladder,  Blather,   to  fpeak  inarticulately,  to  Jiammer, 

Teut.  blaeteren,  blaterare. 
Blain,  mark  left  by  a  pujlule.  Sax.  blegene. 
Blairand,  roaring,  crying.  Teut.  blaeren,  mugire. 
B,\zit,  fjame-faced,  bajhful.  Teut.  blaet.  blax. 
Blaitie-bum.  See  Battie- bummel,  ^/77/>/^^o«. 
Blan,  ceafed,  or  has  ceafed.  See  Blin,  to  ceafe. 
Blanchart,  Blanchyt,  white,  bleached.     Theot.  hleichen, 

albefcere. 
Blandit,  blended. 

Blaflerand,  blujlering.  Teut.  blaejent,  flare. 
Blaw,  to  blow.  Blawn,  blown.   Sax.  blawan,  flare. 
Ble,  BHe,  colour,  complexion.  Sax.  bleoh,  color. 
Bledoch,  butter-milk.  Gael. 

Bleivyt,  fu^ufed  with  tears.  See  Blairand,  crying. 
Bki^,  Blyfe,  blaine.     Sax.  blafe,  fax.     Theot.  blafma, 
""flamma. 
Blent,  Blenkt,  viewed,  glanced,   (uno  obtutu)  ;  JJjone. 

Teut.  blinken,   fplendere.     Theot.  blich  fiure,  ignis, 

fulmen. 
Blip,  Blyn,  to  ceafe.  Blynt,  ceafed.  Sax.  blinnan,  cefTa- 

re  ;  alfo  blind. 
Blink,  a  light  or  Jhining  of  /hort  duration,  Teut.  Sec 
*lBlent. 

Blithe.  See  Blythe,  chearful. 
Bloik,  mifchiei'Gus  contrivance,  ill  turn.     Teut.  bluagi, 

infidise. 

Blouk, 


BI.  Bo. 

]BTotik,  txplzined  J?eed. 

Blout,  naked,  deferted.  Belg.  Moot.  Theot.  hlot^  nudus. 
Blude,  Blod,  blood,  kindred.   Goth,  bloth,  fanguis. 
Blunket,  pale  blue  ;  perhaps  zny  faint  or  faded  colour  ; 

quafi  blanched.  ^ 

Blunkit,  Blinkyt,  injured  by  mtftnanagement,  or  byfome 

fnifchie'vous  contrivance.  See  Lunkyt. 
Bljth,  Blithe,  Bleith,  chearful,    merry.      Sax.  bleithe. 

Teut.  bliide,  laetus,  hilaris.    Ifid.  blidhniffu.      Goth. 

bleiths,  mifericors,  delicise. 
Bol,  Boal,  little  arnorie  or  clofet. 
Bode,  offer  from  a  buyer  to  a  feller,  tender.  Teut.  beO'^ 

dauy  offerre.  See  Bud. 
Bodin.  See  Bowdin,  provided. 
Bodle,  fxth  part  of  a  penny   Englijh  ;  fo  called  from 

Bothwel,  the  mint-mafter. 
Bodum,  bottom.  Teut.  bodem,  fundum,  fundus. 
Bod-word,    Boid-worde,    Bod  wart,    mejjage.     Sax.  & 

Belg.  hode.  Swed.  hu,  nuncius. 
Body,  (contemptuouflj  or  familiarly,)  perfon.     Teut. 

bede,  famulus,  famula. 
Bodyis,  Boddice,  a  woman'' s  corfet. 
Bogil,  apparition.  Teut.  bokene.  Ti^x\.fpoegil,  fpedlrum, 

phantafma,  larva.    Matth.   xiv.   26.    According  to 

Ruddiman,  from  Fr.  gobeline. 
Bois.  See  Bofs,  hollow. 
Boift,  Boaft,  to  threaten,  to  frighten  with  menacing  words 

or  gefcure.  [Sax.  beotian,  minare.] 
Boit,  boat,  butt  or  ca/k. 

Bok,  Bowk,  to  reatchy  to  belch.  Sax.  bealcan,  ruftare. 
Boldynit,  Boulnyt,  Bowdenit,  fwelled,  tumid.     Boldy- 

nznd,fwelling.     Bolnys, /wells.     Teut.  bolghe,  fluc- 

tus  maris,  unda.  Dan.  bulner^  to  fwell. 
Bolme,  pole,  beam.  Belg.  boom,  arbor. 
Bolnyt.  See  Boldynit,  tumid. 
Bone,  boon,  gift,  grant.  Sax. 
Bonk,  bauk. 

'Sony,  prefty,  handfome,  bearitiful  i^  may  perhaps  have 

"  lome  affinity  with  Swed.  bona,  recolere ;  &  Dan.  bo- 

,'     nery  to  make  clean  ;  or  Teut.  boelinne,  arnica,  ama- 

fia,  q.  boelnigh,  amabilis.  See  Bowdin. 

Borch, 


Bo.  Bo. 

Borch,  Boigli,   Bo^jow,  fecurity,    baUy  pledge,  pawn, 
Teut.  ^or^/jf,  ndejuifor,  compromiffor.  Theot.  horgy 
borgen,  fidem  habere,  fidem  dare. 
Bordeil,  brothel.  Teut.  bordeel,  proftibulum. 
Bos,  Bofs,  Boifs,  hollow,  Teut.  huyfe^  fiflula,  tubus. 
Boffis,  large  leathern  bottles.  O.  Fr.  bouts. 
Boft.  See  Boift,  to  threaten. 

^ot,  ^j^Stand,  hut^  ivithouty  eiicept.  Teut.  moreover.      '^ 
Bote.  See  Bute,  compenfationy  amerciament. 
Botlefs,  BjAJicles,   what  cannot  be  remedied^  unavailing. 
Botinys,  bujkins.  Fr.  botine^  cothurnus. 
Bow,  joi<?.  Teut. 

Bow  of  ky,  a  fold  of  cows.   See  Boucht. 
Bowbert,    idle,    laizie  ,•    alfo    dajlardy   coward^  drone. 

Teut.  bollaerd,  homo  futilis,  fabulator. 
Rojticht,  Bnght,  fold,  fmall  Jheep-fold.     Teut.  hucht, 
bocht,  feptum,  arvum  inclufum.    It  is  alfo  ufed  as  a 
verb. 
Bowdin,  Bodin,  Bowyn,  ^c>\xn,furnijhed,  provided,  ar- 
rayed,  equipped,  armed.  Teut.  hoedel,  hoel,  fupellex, 
dos,  facultates.     Bonn  as  a  diftindl  word,   according 
to  Ruddiman,  from  Sax.  abunden,  expeditus ;  and  this 
from  bindan,  ligare.  See  Boun. 
Boukis,  bodies,  carcafes.     Boukit,  bulky  ;  from  Teut. 

hayck,  venter., 
Bow-kail,   cabbage ;    q.    bol-kail ;    from    Teut.     bol^ 

globus. 
Boukeiu,  a  wajhing  ofcloathes.  Theot,  buchan,  lavare  ; 

boocken,  tudere,  pulfare,  batueve. 
'^^y  going y  molting  i  <\.  bowing,  now  bending.     Whi- 
ther are  you  boun  ?  Whither  are  you  bowing  or  betld^* 
ing  your  way  ?   See  Bowdin. 
Bounit,   tended,  went.     Fr.  bondir,   to  hound,  to  move 
quickly  J  perhaps  allied  to  Sax.  fundan,  adire.     See 
Found.     Ruddiman  refers  it  to  Sax.  abunden  8c  bin- 
dan,  ligare  ;  and  fo  explains  it  prepared,  arrayed. 
Bountith,  extra  wages  or  compenfatioti,   what  is  given 

from  "  bounty^''  bejides  what  is  due  by  contraii. 
Bour,  retired  apartment.    Teut.  buer,  cafa,  tugurium. 
Sax.  bure,  Dan.  huur,  conclave. 

Bourlk, 


Bo.  Br. 

l^oux'ili,  ajinali  bower,  OT  hut.    See  Bour.    Bourach  is 

elfewhere  explained  c/qfe  together,  in  a  heap,  ring,  or 

circle. 

Bourd,  Borde>y^,  mod,  Teut.  boerde,  jocus,  fcomma. 

Boufe,  to  drink  plentifully.     Teut.  buy/en,  poculis  in- 

dulgere. 
Bowflowre,  explained  an  injlrument  of  war. 
J^Qwfum,  pliant,  yielding,  accommodating,  hearty,  blyth* 
Sax.  boufum,   traftabilis,  flexibilis  ;    hoc   a  bugan^ 
fleftere. 
Bowj,  Bowie,  tub. 

BoWt,  holt,  arrow.  Teut.  lout,  fagltta  capitata. 
Bowtyt,  bolted,  f prang,  darted. 
Bojis,  wood,    f  eut.  bofcb,  filva. 
B^tour,  expl.  bittern. 

Bra,  Brae,  Bray,  fde  of  a  hill,  declivity.  Teut.  hergh, 

mons.     Ruddiman  hefitates    between  Sax.   bracan, 

conterere  \  and  Fr.  braye,  un  fauffe  braye,  voce  caf- 

trenfe,  qua  fuccinftum  valli  fignificatur. 

Brade,  Braid,  ^A-oW,  j5>fl^e«?,  intelligible.     Goth,  braid. 

"^ee  Abrade. 

Brade,  Braide,  to  brod  or  brog,  to  force,  drive,  impell,  to 

produce  or  occajion  a  fudden  motion  ;  to  Jlart.  Hence 

it  has  been  expl.  to  affault,  to  awake.  Scand.  brod,  a 

Iharp  point.  Sax.  a-brcedan,  exerere. 

Brades,  refemhles,  appears  like  \  from  Swed.  brae^  indo- 

lem  vel  formam  gerere. 
Brag-wort,  mead,  a  beverage  made  from  the  dregs  of  ho- 
ney. Wei.  bragod. 
^r?ard,frJifprouting  of  corn.  Sax.  brord,  fruipentum 

novellum. 
Braik,  brag. 
Brai^thfuU,   vioknt,  fharp,  wrathful;  from  Ifl.  baerde„ 

rage. 
Braithlie,  Braithfully,  wrathfully. 
Brak,  Brake,  brakkijfh,falt.  Teut.  brack,  falfus. 
Hx^nd,  fword. 
Brander,  Brandreth,  gridiron.     Teut.  brander,  brand- 

roede,  fulcrum  focarium. 
"Br^nAevyn,  brandy.  Teut.  ^r/T;/i:/i(;fV/?,  vinum  caufticum, 
vel  ardens. 

Brane-wod, 


Brane-wod,  wood  for  burning.  Teut.  bern-hout,  bren^ 
hout,  lignum  inflammabile.  [Dan.  braende-torfy  turf 
for  fuel.] 

Brane-wod,  brain-mad.  See  Wod,  mad. 

Bran,  aew,  fire  new,  quite  new  (according  to  H.  Tooke,) 
as  from  the  fire.  Teut.  brand-niew,  recens  ab  offi- 
cina  ;  or  rather  from  Teut.  brauwe^  comptus,  bellus, 
ornatus ;  q.  braw-neiv. 

Brangillis,  brandifhes^Jhakes.  Fr.  branler^  vibrare. 

Brangill,  Brangle,  to  wrangle,  to  contend,  or  quarrel ; 
feems  to  be  only  a  variation  of  vrangle,  wrangle,  the 
former  being  Hill  a  common  manner  of  pronouncia- 
tion.  [Fris.  wranten,  wrantlen,  muffitare,  litigare. 
Teut.  hrabbelen^  rixari,  altercari.] 

Br^jik,  to  drefs  gayly,  to  bedeck.  Teut.  proncken,  ador- 
nare,  oftentare  fe  ;  braggheren,  lenociniis  fuperbire  ; 
braggaerd,  homo  bullatus,  elegans. 

Branks,  a  rude  kind  of  bridle  without  bitts.  [Gael,  bran" 
gas,  a  halter.) 

Braferis,  bracers,  bracelets,  bandages.  Fr.  embra/fir. 

Bratchet,  BratchzTt,  filly  Jiripling.  Teut.  broedfel,  pul- 
lus  ;  or  q.  vretchet,  little  wretch. 

Bratt,yca/«. 

Brattis,  rags,  poor  apparel.  Sax.  bratt,  panniculus. 

Brattle,  noife,fuch  as  that  which  is  made  by  a  horfe  can- 

'^ering  ;  alfo  ufed  as  a  verb. 

Braw,  gay,  bedi%ened.  Teut.  brauwe,  ornatus,  bellus. 
Hence  it  is  ufed  tolignify,  excellent,  or  excellently. 

Brecham,  Breyghim,  horfe  collar  ;  may  have  originat- 
ed from  Teut.  berghen,  fervare,  falvare,  tueri.  The 
Gael,  braighdean,  is  probably  alfo  bof  rowed  from  it. 

Breckans,  ^rakens,  ferns  ;  perhaps  from  Sax.  brack. 
Teut.  'vrack,  vilis,  rcjiculus.  [Gael,  ratthneach,  fili- 
ces.]  So  called,  according  to  Skinner,  becaufe  they 
are  brittle.  See  Brokill. 

Breder,  Brether,  brethren.  Teut.  broeder,  frater. 

Bree,  Brie,  Broe,  broth,  foup,  Teut.  hriif  puis,  pul- 
mentum. 

Breive,  letter,  poetn,  a  writing.    Teut.  brief  fcheda,  e- 
piftola. 
Vol.  IV.  D  Breid, 


Br.  Br. 

Breid.  fuhjipence^  aUmenty  allowance  of  bread.     Theot. 

bfoetban,   prieftatio  certa  de  pane  ;  from  brod^  pro- 

prie  fragmen  panis. 
Brelkkis,  breeches.     Theot.  hruche^   braccjc.     Tatian. 

brualjabe,  crumena,  zona,  balteus. 
Breme,  hoty  furious.  Teut.  bremen,  ardere  defiderio. 
^iGnnmgy  biirytingy  fever,   preternatural  heat.      Brent, 

burnt ;   from  Theot.  brinnen.  Goth,  brinno^  febris. 
Brent  brow,  high  upright  fore-head.  Swed.  brant.  Dan. 

ranir,  prseceps,  upright,  ftraight  up. 
Bretts,  Britons,  BritiJ]} people. 
Brettjs,  fortif  cations.     O.  Fr.  bretefche,  from  Teut. 

bryttigan^  occupare. 
Brcj,  to  terrify.  Sax.  bregan,  terrere. 
Briddis,  birds.  Sax.  brid,  pullus. 
Bricht,  young  woman.     In  the  fame  fenfe  are  lifed  the 

epithets  clear  and  fair ;  yet  this  may  be  only  a  va- 
riation of  ^rzVip.   Goth.  ^arVA^,  clarus. 
Brie,  (eye)  brow.  Theot.  brawo,  palpebra. 
Brig,  Brigue,  bridge.  Sax.  brug. 
Brim.  See  Breme, ^^rc^. 
Hrint.   See  Brent,  burnt. 
Briffel.   See  Birfle,  to  parch. 
Briffal],  brittle.  Otfrid.  bru^zi,  fragilitas. 
Brifs,  Briz^  to  prefs,  or  comprefs.    Theot.  brejjen,  pre- 

inere,  exprimere. 
Brith  for  Frith,  peaccy  amity,  friend/hip.  Teut. 
Brittyn,  Bryttin,  expl.  to  kill,  to  facrifce. 
Briture,  perhaps  err.  foi  Oritoure,  oratory. 
Broch,  Brotch,  a  narrow  piece  of  wood  or  metal  tofup" 

port  the  Jlomather  ;   alfo  a  clafp  or  breaji-pin. 
Brochen,  o at -ineal pottage,  water  gruel.  Gael, 
lirod,  Brog,  fjarp  point.     Swed.  brodd,  clavus  calceij 

nail,fparrow  bill. 
Broddit  ftaff,  Jlaff  with  a  Jharp  point  at  the  extremity. 

See  Brod. 
Brodeme]!,  br^od,  offspring.  Teut.  broeden,  fhcubare. 
Brog.  See  ]ivoA,  Jharp  point  ;  alfo  a  rude  kind  offjoe^ 
Brogh,  Bruch.   luminous  circle  round  the  fun  or  moon  j 

from  Teut.  bcrghen,  abfcondere. 

Brok, 


Br.  Br. 

Brok,  what  is  broken,  remnant f  fragments.  Theot.  brttchf 
fragment 

Brok,  badger.   Sax.  broc,  taxus,  meles. 

Brokaris,  baiuds,  pimps  ;  according  to  Skinner,  quad 
procurers.  Others  derive  it  from  breaks  decoquere, 
quoniam  foli  decoftores  ad  banc  artem  ollm  admifli 
funt.  Ritdd. 

BrokHl,  Bruckile,  brittle.  Belg.  brokel,  fragilis.  Goth. 
bnkan,  frangere. 

Brofe,  fat  broth  poured  upon  oat  meal.  Teut.  bruys, 
fpuma,  fcum. 

Browdin,  Broddyn,  incited^  hurried  or  hurrying  on,  ea- 
ger. "  Brodding  the  oxen,"  pricking  them  forward  \ 
from  brody  a  point  in  the  end  of  the  goad  :'  according 
to  Ruddiman,  from  brood,  becaufe  all  creatures  are 
fond  of  their  young. 

Browdyn,  Broddyn,  clotted,  defiled,  foul,  filthy  ;  from 
Teut.  brodde,  fordes,  turpitudo. 

B  rowdy n,  Broddyn,  embroidered  ;  q.  embroydened.    Fr. 

Brouliment,  Bruliment,  broil,  fray,  quarrel.  Fr. 

Brounyis,  a  kind  of  Fairies  ov  fpirits  ;  now  become  fo 
rare,  fays  Ruddiman,  that  not  one  is  to  be  found  to 
tell  us  the  reafon  of  their  name.  "  Perhaps,  conti- 
nues he,  their  hard  labour,  (for  they  were  meri; 
drudges,)  made  them  of  a  tawny  ov  brow?i  coloui,  as 
their  kindred  may  have  been  named  Fairies  from 
their  fairnefs."  It  feems  not  unlikely,  however,  that 
the  name  of  Brounyis  may  have  fome  affinity  with 
Swed.  bry,  vexare,  turbare  ;  or  have  been  originally 
fynonimous  with  the  Scand.  diverghs  or  dwarfs,  a 
clafs  of  fairies  who  were  famous  for  the  manufadory 
oi brands  or  /words  ;  q.  bruniers  ;  from  Swed.  bryni,-.^ 
enlis  ;  bryna,  cote  acuere.  See  Roun. 

Brpwftare,  q.  Brewfter,  brewer. 

Bru,  Broe.  See  Bree,  broth. 

Brude,  child,  yoking  man,  fon. 

Brudy,  broody, prolifick  ;  both  from  Teut.  brueden,  \n- 
cubare. 

Bruise,   to  pojjefs,  enjoy.     Teut.   bruycken,   uti,  frui. 
"'"'Hieot.  bruch,  ufus. 

iiruke, 


Br.  Bu. 

Bruke,  Brook,  to  hear^fuffer^  or  endure. 

Brukkil.  See  Brokil,  brittle. 

Brufe,  Broofe,  tumultuous  race  at  a  country  wedding  ; 
commonly  from  the  houfe  of  the  bride  to  that  of  the 
bridegroom.  Teut.  broefen^  to  rufh  like  a  hurri- 
cane. 

Brufit,  expl.  embroidered.  Biufury,  embroidery. 

Brute,  report,  fame.  Fr.  bruit.  Theot.  gibreitany  pub- 
licare. 

Biydal,  marriage  feajl.  Teut.  bruyd-loft,  brydloppa. 
Tat.  brutloufti,  convivium  nuptiale.  According  to 
another  derivation,  bride-ale. 

Brjbour,  rafcaly  thief.  Fr.  bribeur,  difhonefl  beggar. 

Brjnftane,  q.  burning fl one,  fulphur  j  now  corrupted  to 
brimjlone. 

Bub,  Bob,  blajlyjlorm. 

Buckie,  the  name  of  afhellfi/hy  afeafnmil. 

Buks,  Boks,  corner  teeth  ;  whence  buck-teeth. 

Bud,  bribe,  gift,  proffer.  See  Bute. 

Budge,  a  bow.  Teut.  booghe,  arcus. 

Budge,  to  move,  perhaps  originally  to  bow  or  bend  i 
from  Teut.  buyghen,  fleftere,  arcuare ;  of  which 
Boun  maj  be  the  participle  ;  q.  bowing,  budging,  or 
bending,  analogous  to  the  common  cxpreflion  "  bent 
his  way."  Fr.  bouger,  movere. 

Buge,  Bouge,  explained  lambs  fur ;  whence  perhaps 
budget. 

Bugill,  bull,  bullock,  ox. 

Bugil,  bugle-horn.  Gael,  buaigheal,  tranflaled  a  cow's 
hufl  ;  bnachail,  cow-herd,  fhepherd.  Notwithftand- 
ing  this  apparent  analogy,  it  is  not  unlikely  that 
the  derivation  may  be  from  Teut.  boghel,  curvatura, 
femi-circularis. 
Buith,  booth,  fhop.  Theot.  bothe,  taberna  mercatoria. 
Buift,  Boift,  box.  Fr.  boiJJe.  Swed.  boeffa.  Teut.  buffe, 

repofitorium. 
Buit.  See  Bute,  compenfation, 

Buller,   to  move  like  the  tide  when   it  meets  with  rejijl'^ 
'^Tmce.    Bullerand,  welteri?ig.    Swcd.  buller,  llrepitus, 
tumult  J  bulra,  to  boil ;  from  Teut.  bolghe,  fiu£lus 
?naris. 

Bulling, 


Bu.  '   ■!   .      Ba. 

Bulling,  Buling,  boiling.  See  Bulle.r. 

Bumniil,  Bombell,  drone-bee ,  idle  fellow.     Teut.  bom' 

mele,  fucus.  See  Battie-botnmel. 
Bumbaized.  See  Baized,  confounded^  foolifh-looking. 
Bumbard,  cannon,  bomb.      It  is  alfo  expl.  filly   or  idle 

fellow.  See  Bummil. 
Bumbee,  the  large  field,  or  humble  bee.  Teut.  bommele. 
Bundin,  hound.  Goth,  hundans   vinclus. 
Bun-wand,  perhaps  bull-wand,  bull-rufh,  or  loch-reed. 
Bun-wede,  bind  weed. 
Bunker.  SeeBancour,^xW  if«r^  ox  feat. 
Burdinfeck,   {corrup.   Ybur-piananfeca,)   '*  the  thift  of 
fa  meikill  meat  as  ane  man  may  bear  upon  his  back  in  a 
fack.^'*    Skene.      The  original  was  probably   T-bur~ 
dananfack. 
Eurd^alane,  expl.  folitary  bird.  Were  the  word,  how- 
ever, to  be   read  burdal-ane^   a  very  different,  and 
perhaps  the   true   meaning  might   be  conjeftured ; 
from  Fr.  bordell,  (originally)  domuncula. 
Burde.  See  Brude,  child,  fon. 
^  Burdoun,  pike-fiaff,  broggit-fiaff,  pilgrim's  faff.     Fr. 
bourdon.  See  Brod. 
Burdoun,  drone  of  a  bag-pipe.     Fr.  bourdon,  bombi- 

latio,  utriculi  canori  majortubus. 
Burdowyis,  according  to  Andro  Hart's  edition  of  Bar- 
bour, burgeffes  ;  poflibly,    however,  it   may  iignify 
men  armed  with  bnrdouns  cr  pikes  ;  from  old  French 
hourdonnafjes,  hollow  lances. 
Bure,  bore,  did  bear.  Teut. 

Burell,  Bureile,  Burlie,  hoorifh,  rufiic,  rough.     Theot. 
huren,  rullici    It  v\-\2iy  yMoix^vixij  eminent,  confpicuous. 
Teut.  hurltch,  excelfus,  excellens. 
Burgeon,  bud,fjoot.  Fr. 

Burlie-man,  -one  of  a  bur ough  jury  ;    quafi,  burrough- 
*luw  man,   or  perhaps   hoor-law-man  ;    from  Theot. 
baur,  rullicus. 
Burn,  brook.  Sax.  buT-n,  rivus.  G'Oth.  brunna,  fons. 
Burneis,  Birneis,  to  /crape  or  poii^/h,  to  burnijh. 
Buniet,  of  U  brown  colour.  Fr.  brunette. 
Burrie,  (Burry  dog,  Vol.  L  p.  loi.')  plaint  if ;  perhaps 

injured 


Bu.  By. 

injured  or  aggrieved.  Fr.  hour^  boorifh.  Explained 
by  Lord  Hailes  rough.  See  Burell. 

Bus,  Bufk,  bujh.   Theot.  bufch,  bofcus,  filva. 

Buf(jiementy  amhujh^  party  lying  in  ambujh. 

Bufk,  Bufs,  to  drefsy  array ^  cquipp  ;  originally  perhaps 
to  deck  nvith  flovjers  or  bujhes.  Dan.  bii/k,  bum. 
Swed.  bujhay  vibiunus,  flores. 

Buft,  Booft,  tar  mark  upon  Jheepy  coniinonly  the  ini- 
tials of  the  proprietor's  name. 

Buueous,  Buftuous,  boijierousy  unpoiijhedy  fierce^  huge, 
leut.  bii/ier,  immanis,  ferus. 

But.   See  Bot,  without. 

Butiene,  booty.  Teut.  buyten,  praedari. 

Buttand  ben,  outer  and  inner  apartment ;  i.  e.  be-out 
and  be-inT  Butt  denotes  commonly  the  kitchen  ;  out- 
ivard  from  the  room,  but  yet  within  the  houfe.  But, 
ufed  in  the  kitchen,  denotes  that  part  of  the  cott- 
houfe  which  ferves  for  a  byre  or  ftable.  Teut.  buy- 
ten, extra,  foras. 

Bute,  Bolt,  Beit,  giji,  inducement,  bribe,  fatisfaElion^ 
compenfiition,  remedy.  Theot.  biijfe  or  butte^  poena 
parti  liefse  &  privato  debita,  reftitutio  damni. 

Buttok  mail,  expl.  /oot^  kind  of  rent  paid  to  the  church. 

By,  befides^  beyond  i  unlefs^  except. 

B}  ce,  baizey  a  fort  of  warm  nvoollen  cloth  of  open  tex- 
ture^ flannel.  Teut. 

JByde.  abide,  Jiop,  taj-ry.  See  Abade. 

By gh c, ^1^' n  1  'J and,  crown  ;  from  Teut.  buyghen^  fleftere. 

Byke,  Bv  k,fwarm,  band,  troop.  See  Batch. 

Bynge,  to  curt  fey. 

Byfene.   See  Befyne,  luhore. 

Byfmere.   See  Bifmyre,  bawd. 

Byfming.  See  Wiimyng,  gusuzJing  fot. 

Byfprcnt,  Be-fpread,  o^'^r-^rea//.  Belg.  b^-Jprenghetr, 
afpergere. 

"Ryfiji,  Bizz,  hifs  ;   ex  fono. 

By  fly.  Befie,  bufy.   Teut.  befg,  occupatus. 

'RyUouT,  boiflerous  perfon.  See  Bufteous. 


Ca.  Ca. 


C. 


Ca,  Caw,  call,  to  call ;  alfo  to  drive  or  force  \   '\\\  this 

lenle  correfponding  with  Swed.  kora,  agere. 
Cabir,  rafter,^  Gael,  cabar,  a  lath. 
Cace,  Cais,  chance ,  accident.  Fr.  cas. 
Cache,  Caiche,  to  catch  ;  alfo  to  Jketchy  tofs  or  throw, 
Cadows,  caddaSf  fcrapings  of  linen  rags.     G  •::1.  cadas; 
cotton.    Fr.  crt^rt/,  appears  to  have  nearly  the  fame 
fignification. 
Cag,  keg,  f mall  barrel.  Swed.  kogge,  cadus. 
Cagear,  Cadyer,  Cadger,  a  carrier  ;  from  Swed.  ikorgc, 
a  creel,  q.  corger.     Kuddiman  makes  it  ketcher,  be- 
caufe  his  wares  are  much  ketched  or  tofled  about  ia 
the  carriage. 
Cahutis,  fmall apai  tments,  private clofets.  Teut.  kaiute^ 
a  cabbin.     Expl.  alfo  by  Ruddiman   ivindings   and 
turnings  ;  from  Fr.  cahot,  the  rut  of  a  cart  wheel. 
Caid^ie,  Caidihigh,  froHcifome,  wanton.     Dan.  kaad, 
incontinent  ;  haad-hed^  lechery.    '1  eut.  hoddigh^  fa- 
cetus,  jucundus. 
Caif,  cave,  chiff.;  tame,  q.  captivus. 
Cail,  Kale,  cole'LVort^  cabbage  ;  alfo  broth  containing  ei- 
ther of  thefe  or  other  pot  herbs.     Dan.  kucil^  braf- 
fica. 
Q2i\k,fiitchyfljarp  pain  in  the  fide.  Teut.  koech^oh^xuz- 

tio  hepatis. 
Caikfumler,  an  opprobrious  appellation  applied  to  fuch 
a  perfon,  as  is  defcribed  in  Vol.  III.  p.  2 20-.     It  is 
alfo  expl.  toad-eater,  fynonimous  with  Teut.  koeck- 
eter,  naftophagus. 
Caim,  comb,  Teut.  kain,  peften. 
Caim,  crefi.  Teut.  kam,  crifta,.  apex. 
Caip,  cope,  cover,  the  uppermoft  of  any  thing.     Teut. 

kappCy  culmen,  proje<5lura,  Sec. 
Caip,  to  hep  or  catch.     Teut.   kippev,  intercipere,  ca- 
pe re. 
Cald,  cold.  Dan.  Ifl.  &  Goth.  kald. 

Caller. 


Ca.  Ca. 

Caller,  Callour,  cool^frejh.  Ifl.  kalldur^  frigidus. 

Gallant,  hoy,  lad.  Fr.  galand^  nebulo.  [Teut.  kaljant, 
cliens.] 

Calfaj,  cawfey,  Jireety  pavement.  Teut.  kaj/ie,  via 
ftrata. 

Calfiiterd  ((hips),  perhaps  caulked^  ovh^ixing  the /earns 
done  over  with  fonae  ub61uous  fubftance.  Lat. 

Cammerage,  cambrick.  Teut.  kameriick-daek. 

Cammerage,  party  belonging  to,  or  occupying  the  fame 
chamber.   ' 

Campiojn,  Kemper,  champion,  hero.  Teut.  kampioen. 
Dan.  hamper.   Sax.  kempa,  athleta. 

Campj,  boldy  brave,  heroicall.  Teut.  kamperlick,  ath- 
letice. 

Camfcho,  Camfchol,  (Camow,)  Jlat-nofed,  having  m 
dijiorted  or  ill  proportioned  countenance  Teut.  camuys- 
achtigh,  flat-nofed.  Gawin  Douglas  ufes  Camy  alfo 
in  the  fenfe  of  rugged,  afper.  [Celt,  cam  curvus.] 

Camftairie,  riotous,  quarrelfome  ;  q.  gram-Jiirrigh  ; 
from  Teut.  gra?n,  afper,  iratus  ;  and  Jiieren,  infti- 
gare. 

Camy,  Camow.  See  Camfcho,  ill  proportioned. 

Can,  for  Gan,  began ;  fo  alfo  in  the  fame  fenfe  Could, 
for  goud  or  begoud. 

Cankerrit,  Cankert, /)i3^«t7^^,  crabbed  i  redius  f^r- 
kered,  from  Cark. 

Cannikin,  little  cann  o'c  fmall  vej/el. 

Canois,  Canos,  gray,  gray-haired,  white.  Fr. 

Canny,  mild,  gentle,  well-doing,  prudent,  cautious  ;  ori- 
ginally perhaps  the  fame  with  candid;  or  analo- 
gous to  ganand.  See  Gane. 

Cant,  canty,  lively,  merry.  [Sax.  cantic,  canticum.] 

Cj-SL.ViX.Q\.,  fragment.    Teut.  kanteel.    Fr.  efchantillon. 

Cantel,  head.    feut.  kant,  fummitas. 

Canteleins,  Cantropes,  incantations,  charms. 

Cap,  cup.  Swed.  happe,  poculum. 

Cappit,  captious,  ill-natured ;  alfo  ufed  for  Schappit, 
Jfhaped ;  for  Skappit,  efcaped ;  and  for  Keppit,  met 
with,  encountered,  fci%ed;  according  to  Mr  Pinker- 
ton, 7?«/»/V/. 

Cap;, 


ca.  — —  c^. 

Gap,  Chappe,  Coape,  Kaip,   mantle,  cloaky  loofe  linen 
frock  or  gown  •without  Jleeves,  commonly  worn  by 
-  ecclefiaftics.  Swed.  kappoy  pallium. 

Caprowfie,  Chaproufie,  a  Jhort  cloak  furntjhed  with  a 
hood,  Swed.  karpus.  Teut.  kapruyn,  cucullus  hu- 
meralis.  The  latter  part  of  the  Sc.  word  may,  how- 
ever, have  fome  reference  to  the  colour. 

Capufchyne,  capuchin,  cloak.  Teut.  kappotien,  kappoot- 
keuy  palla  muliebris. 

Capyl,  Kapyl,  horfe,  mare.  O.  Fr.  kaval^  equusj.  Gael. 
capul,  equa.    Lat. 

Cappernytie,  per/on  of  a  captious  temper. 

Caryl,  fongy  tofing.  C^Talyngisy  Jinging  by  a  number  of 
voices.  Fr.  garioller,  cantillare. 

Carde,  Caird,  tinker,  vagrant  artifan.  Gael,  ceard,  ori- 
ginally perhaps  a  maker  or  mender  of  wool  cards. 

Care,  to  rake  up,  to  fearch  for.  Swed.  kara,  colligere. 
Teut.  karen,  eligere. 

Cark,  fordidnefs,  avarice.  Teut.  karig.  Swed.  karg^ 
fordidus,  parcus  ;  karghety  avaritia.  Sax.  care,  cura. 
It  is  alfo  ufed  for  cargo. 

Carkat,  necklace,  carkanet.  Fr.  carcant,  monile. 

Carl,  Karle,  clown,  rujlic.  Teut.  kaerle,  rufticus,  ho- 
mo ;  vir  fortis  &  ftrenuus,  qualem  fuifle  Carolum 
primum  Saxones  (cribunr.  Hence  he  was  called 
Karle  magnus,  latinized  to  Carolus.  The  term  Carl 
always  implies  an  advanced  period  of  life. 

Carling,  woman y  old  woman.  See  Carl. 

Carlyk,  Carlich,  vulgar,  unpolifhed.    Sax.  ceorlic. 

Carlyngs,  expl.  peaje  boiled  on  Care-funday  ;  the  firfl 
before  Palm-Sunday. 

Carne,  Kairn,  (Gael.)  a  rude  monument;  a  heap  of 
ftones,  piled  up  commonly  on  the  top  of  mountains. 
Swed.  karm,  pluteus,  repofitory. 

Carp  to  /peak  or  write  with  acutenefs,  or  in  a  fatirical 
manner  ;  to  recite,  to  talk.  [Lat.  carpo^ 

Carrail,  the  town  of  Crail  in  b'yfe-fhire. 

Cartis,  cards.  Teut.  kaerte,  charta  luforia. 

Carvel,  Kervel,  a  kind  of  boat  ovjloop.  Teut.  kareveel, 
navis  veftoria. 
Vol.  IV.  E  Garybald, 


Ca.  Ca. 

Carybald,  Cn^rryhzldf  grumbli/ig  or  crabbed  oldfclhxv, 
Svved.  knarrog,  furly.  Dan.Jknurpotte,  old  grumbler. 
Teut.  knarreriy  ftridere,  frendere,  grunnire. 

Cafer,  Kaefar,  Cicfar,  emperour,  king. 

Calfyo,  Caften,  cajl,  fallen  j  annulled,  from  Fr.  eajffer^ 
quaflare. 

Cait, ybwr.   Swed.  kajiy  quatuor. 

Caftis,  contrivances,  efforts^  arts.  Swed.  kajla,  immutarj. 

Caftellan,  keeper  of  a  cajile.  Caftellwart,  govenK^r  of  a 
cafle. 

Caftocks,^?^/^^  of  cole-worts  or  cabbage  ;  q.  kale-falks^ 

Cateing,  defiring  the  male.  Lat.  catulire. 

Catheiyns.  See  ^zxki&x^xit^^  Jiurdy  beggars. 

Catluke,  Catcluke,  yellow,  or  birds  foot  trefoil i  fo 
called  from  a  fancied  refemblance  to  the  claw  or  foot 
of  a  cat.     Rudd. 

Catouris,  caterers,  providers.  Teut.  kater,  oeconomus. 

Catjve,  caitiff.  Teut.  katiif  mifer,  pauper ;  q.  d.  cap- 
tivus  vel  cattivus. 

Cave,  tofeparate  corn  from  the  claff.  Teut.  kaiien,  even- 
tilate  paleas. 

Cavie,  hen-coop.  Teut.  kevie,  cavea,  cage. 

Cavillis,  now  comnnonlj  pronounced  Keuls,  lots  ;  alfo 
expl.  refponfts  of  oracles.  Teut.  havel,  fors  in  divi- 
fione  bonorum,  funis  fortis  vel  diftributionis.  This 
latter  definition  of  Kilianus  feems  formed  for  the 
purpofe  of  introducing  the  "  funis"  or  cable^  which 
probably  had  no  concern  in  the  bufinefs.  Ruddiman 
fuppofes  the  word  to  be  fynonimous  with  Sax.  kea- 
wel,  a  bafket ;  from  which  the  lots  may  have  been 
drawn,  as  they  were  by  the  Romans  from  an  urn. 
He  alfo  mentions  the  Lat.  Barb,  camlla  Cclavicula) 
i.  €.  talus,  Teut.  hote,  "  quo  crus  pedi  jungitur  : 
hae  autem  cavillie  feu  tali  antiquitus  videntur  apud 
noftrates  in  ufu  fuifle  pro  fortibus."  In  this  way 
keuls  feem  to  be  the»fame  with  cutis,  which  Ruddi- 
man defines  cuttings  of  fir  aw.  See  Cutts. 

Cauf,  chaff.  Teut.  kaff,  palea. 

Cawpes,  -Calpcs,  a  kind  of  blach-mail;  defined  by  Skene 
"  aue  gift  quhilk  a  man  gives  to  his  tnaifter,  or  to 
onie  other  man  that  is  great  in  power   and  authori- 

tie. 


Ca.  Ch. 

tie,  for  prote£lion  againft  free-booters."  He  off^s 
no  conjefture  with  refp€<5t  to  the  derivation.  Per- 
haps it  has  fome  affinity  with  the  Gael,  calpach,  a 
young  cow,  which  may  have  been  a  common  affeff- 
ment,  or  rate  of  aflurance.  Theot.  gaba^  donum,  tnu- 
nus  i  gabely  douarium,  vefligal. 

Cawk,  chalk.  Teut.  kalck^  caJx. 

Cave],  Kavel,  quarrelfome fellow.  Teut.  kiivery  alterca- 
tor.  Mr  Pinkerton  defines  it  fcoundr el. 

Cedule,  Schedule,  copy,  draught.  Fr. 

Celfitude,  highnefs.  Lat. 

Cenfingfjumigating  with  incenfe ;  quafi,  incenfing. 

Chaftis,  cheeks,  chops, jaws.  Swed.  ke/t,  maxilla. 

ChafFery,  Chap-wares  Jhop-wares,  articles  of  merchant 
di'ze. 

Chakkis,  gnafhes,  fnaps,  fnatches  ;  ex  fono. 

Chalmer-glew,  chamber-glee,  chambering,  fecret  wanion- 
nefs.  See  Glew. 

Chalous,  perhaps  for  Chalouns,  calves.  Teut.  ial-jen^ 
vituli, 

Champ,  to  chop.  Teut.  happen,  incidere. 

Chancy,  that  hath  a  good  chance,  lucky, 

Chanoun,  canon,  canonicus. 

Chap,  to  knock.  Teut.  happen,  incidere. 

Chap,  Chop.^o/).   '^•scu.fceop,  gazophylacium. 

Chapes,  Chaps,  cii/lomers,  young  fellows. 

Chapes,  fhapes,  cufloms.  **  According  to  the  chapes  of 
the  country  ;"  (Regiam  Majeftatem,)  according  to 
the  fafhions,  forms,  or  fhapes  of  the  country. 

Chappin,  chopin,  a  meafure  of  two  EnglifJj  pints.  Fr. 

Chapit,  Chaipyt,  efcaped. 

Char,  Chair,  Schair,'Skair,  to  fhear,  cut,  or  pierce, 
^^e-ax.fcheren.  Dan.yJE-^rf,  tonderc,  csedere. 

Char,  a-Char,  on  Char,  a-jee,  on  the  hinges,  half  ffjtt. 
Teut.  harre,  cardo^ 

Charris,  turns  as  a  door  upon  the  hinges. 

Charbukil,  carbuncle. 

Chard,  Schaird,  Q\\-i\r^\.,  fljearcd.  See  Cliar. 

Charie,  ty.^\.  format,  wary.  Sax.f<?rtr;^,fcllicitus.  Teiit. 

karigh,  tenax,  parcus. 
Charle-wayne,  Charl- wan,  the  confellalion  Urfa  Major. 

Cbafty, 


Ch Ci. 

Ghafty,  chaflife.  Chaftiand,  chajiijtng. 

Chat  th6,  hang  thyfelf.  Cant,  chat^  gallows. 

Chattels,  ^oo^j-,  moveables^  originally  cattle  \  the  Fr, 
chatel  and  Belg.  kateyly  being  at  one  period  fynoni- 
mous.  Sax.  ceatta,  things. 

Chaud-melle,  rencounter ^  broil.  Fr. 

Cheis,  choofe.  Teut.  hefeny  eligere. 

Chekere,  chefs  board.  Fr.  echecs.  TtuX..  fchach fpllyXn- 
dus  regius,  live,  Indus  latrunculorum. 

Chekere,  exchequer.  Fr.  efchiquier. 

Chenye,  Cheinye,  chain.  Fr.  chaine. 

Chepand,  Cheipand,  chirping,  fqueaking  with  a  fmall 
i3oice  ;  ex  fono, 

Chefoun,  Cheflbun,  blame.  O.  Fr.  enchoifonner. 

Chevelrus,  courageous ,  devoted  to  chivalry  ;  from  Fr. 
chevalerie,  ordo,  fortitudo,  decor  equeftris, 

Chevifance,  acquijition  ;  from  achieve. 

Cheveron,  expl.  armour  for  the  front  of  a  horfe.  Fr. 

Chide.  See  Schyde,  to  fplit  or  cleave. 

Chield,  young  fellow,  lad ;  commonly  ufed  with  a 
view  of  difparagement,  if  no  epithet  is  coupled  with 
it ;  whereas,  in  its  more  ancient  form  of  Child  it 
denotes  a  young  gentleman  or  knight,  correfponding 
with  infans  in  the  times  of  Chivalry.  Teut.  kind,  puer. 

Chirk,  Jirg,  to  make  a  grating  noife.  Sax.  cearcian, 
ftridere. 

Chirle,  Chirm,  to  chirp  like  a  fparrow.  Sax.  cyrm, 
clamor. 

Chirt,  to  fquirt  ox  fend  forth  fuddenly . 

Cholle,  j'ole,  Jaw,  cheek.  O.  Eng.  chawes,  maxillae. 

Choller,  double  chin. 

Chymmeris,  Chymmis,  feems  to  mean  trowfers,  or 
breeches.  [Fi.j'ambiere,  leg-harnefs.] 

Chymmis,  Chymes,  houfes  or  cottages  flanding  fepa- 
rately.  Teut.  hammeys.  Dan.  hiemmes.  Fr.  hameauXf 
hamlets.  According  to  Ruddiman,  from  Fr.  chemife^ 
indufiuffi. 

Chymour,  expl.  a  cymar,  a  light  gown. 

Chyne,  Kyne,  cows  ,•  fo  written  for  the  fake  of  allite- 
ration. 

Ciiirews,  Ciftews,  Ciflertian  monks. 

Citinar, 


Gl.  — CK 

Clag,  Klag,  complaint.  Teut.  klagte^  incufatio. 

Clag,  to  clogf  to  adhere.  Claggy,  unBuous  matter  which 

has  the  power  of  adhering. 
Claggok,  a  dirty  wench  ;  hejmotted  with   mire.     Teut. 

claddegat,  puella  fordida. 
Clahynne,  clan,  tribe.  Goth,  klahain,  parvuli. 
Claik-geefe,  barnacles^  '*  anas  beinicla."    Lin.    See  H. 

Bojce's  account  of  tliem  Vol.  II.  p.  69. 
Clairty,    Clartj,    Cl.atty,   clotted,     clogged   with    mire. 

Teut.  klottert,  coagulatus.  Sax.  cleoty  pittacium. 
Clais,  cloathes.  Sax.  clathaSy  vefles. 
Clank,^firr/>  blow,  or  the  noife  thereby  produced.  Teut. 

klanck,  clangor,  fonitus. 
Clatter,  to  talk  idly.  Teut.  klatereny  ftrepere. 
Claucht,  fei'xed  fuddenly^  as  a  hawk  feizes  with  its 

claws  ;  from  Teut.  klawe,  unguis.  See  Cleik. 
Claver,  clover.  Teut.  klaver^  trifoliuna. 
Claver,  to  talk  nonfenfe.  Ger.  klaffen,  garrire,  efFutire  ; 

^/<^^r,  nugator.  Teut.  knahhelen,  altercari,  muffitare. 
Cleid,  cloathe.     Cled,    cloathed.     Cleiding,    Cleithing, 

cloathing.  Teut.  kleedy  veftes  ;  kleeden,  veftire. 
Cleik,  hooh  of  crooked  metal ;  alfo  to   catch  as  with  a 
•    hook.  Teut.  i/^j/<?;/,  inuncare. 
Q\e.\r^fair  otie,  young  woman. 
Cleket,  the  catch  or  faflening  ;  in  O.  Eng.  a  key. 
Clekk,  to  hatch  or  breed.  Teut.  klocken.  Sax.  cloccan^ 

glocire.     Clekkin,  broody  progeny. 
Cleip,  Clyp,  Clepe,  to  name  or  call.  Sax.  clepian. 
Clene,  Clein,  quite^  entirely. 
Clergie,  Clairgy,  learnings  i.  e.  a  knowledge  of  reading 

and  writing.     In  England,  if  a  perfon  convidled  of 

felony  could  read  a  portion  of  the  Pfnlter,  ut  cleri- 

cus,  he  was  pardoned ;  which  privilege    was  called 

**  benefit  of  clergy." 
Clerk,  priefly  learned  man,  one  who  could  read  and  write. 

Teut.  klerkf  clericus,  fcholatlicus. 
Cleuchis,  Clewis,    oppojite  rugged  banks.     Sax.  cliith, 

cautes,  collis  ;  dough,  rima  vel  filTura  ad  mentis  cli- 

vum  vel  declivum. 
Clever,  to  climb.  Teut.  klaveren,  furfum  reptare. 
Cleyng,  for  Cleyding  or  Cleiding,  cloathing^  drefs. 

Clint, 


CI Co. 

Clint,  hard  orjlinty  rocks.    QXintyyJlinty.    Sax.  clynCf 

metallum,  mafla. 
Clippie,  talkative  woman.  [Teut.  klepely  lingua  cainpa« 

nac,  lingua  loquax.] 
Clippis,  corruption  of  eclipfe. 
Clippis,  embraces^  holds  faji  ;   a  pair  of  hooks  or  grap- 

pling  irons  linked  together.  Sax.  clippan^  ample^i. 
Clock,  to  cluck.  Teut.  kkckett,  gloeire. 
Clok,  beetle ;  fo  called  from   its   fhining   like  a  bell. 

Sax.  eluega,  campane.    Teut.  klocke^  aes  campanum. 
Clofby  Clofe,  Cloce,    inclofure^    narrow    way,     Teut. 

kluyftj  claufura,  locus  angufle  conclufus. 
Clowis,  i/flWJ-.  See  Cluf. 
Clovvit,  Clewit,  made  of  clews^  woven.     Teut.  klouwe^ 

glomus. 
Clowis.    See  Cleuchs,  rugged  banks. 
Cloude  for  Clout,  rag.  Sax.  clut^  pittacium* 
Cloys,  cloifler.  Teut.  kluyfe^  clauftrum. 
Clud,  cloud.   Cluddj,  cloudy.    Cluddit,  clouded ,-  q.  cO" 

agulated.  [Teut.  klottereny  coagulari  ;  klotte,  maffa.^ 
Cluf,  Cloif,  Cluve,   hoof  claiv  ;    frotn  Teut.   kluyve, 

unguis. 
Clure,   Clour,  fwelling  occajioned  hy    a  flroke  on  the 

head.    Teut.  knorrCy  tuberculum,  nodus.     It  is  alfo, 

but  rarelj,  ufed  in  the  fenfe  of  dimple. 
Clute,  half  of  the  hoof  of  any  hifulc ate d  animal.     See 

Cluf. 
Clum,  Clamb,  did  climb.  Clummen,  climbing.  Teut. 
Co-'uxcWt, forced.  Lat. 
Cockernony,  woman's  head-drefs. 
Cod  f  pillow.  Sax.  codd,  pera. 
Cod- v^' sir,  pillow-Jhp  ;  from  Cod;  &  Sax.  luair,  rejti- 

naculum. 
Coffc,  expl.  cheat  ;  from  Fr.  covin. 
Ccffe,  to  purchafcy  to  trade.     Teut.  kcopen,  emere,  mer* 

cari.      Goth,  kaupothy  Lii.  xix.  13.  negotiamini  : 

whence  to  cowp. 
Cofl'e,  (Pedder,)  hawker,  pedlary  petty  dealer.     Teut. 

koop-vaerder,  mercator  peregrinus. 
Coffing,  coffer  ;  from  Sax.  coff?j  xc\  cofa,  cavea ;  c[. 

carina.. 

Cog, 


Co.  Co. 

Cog,  mtlhing-pail.  [Ger.  knuchy  vas  cavum.  Tyz(\.iaag, 

a  trough.  Teut.  koggen,  celox,  cymbula.] 
Cogle,  to  Jhake,  as  when  placed  in  an  unjieady  pofiure, 

Teut.  koeghely  globus. 
Coif,  Cove,  ca've.  Teut,  kouwe,  cavea. 
Coil,  coal.    Teut.  ^ 

Coifche,  coach.  Fr.  cache.  Teut.  hoetfe. 
Collatioun,  conftrence^  interview.  Lat. 
Collj,  C>o\\ty,Jhepherd'*s  dog.  < 

Combuve,  hurn^  injiame,  Lat. 
Commend,  commentary.  Lat. 
Commendis,  benefices  *'  in  commendum^  Lat. 
Comparge,  lineage^  kindred.  Fr.  corn-par  age. 
Compleue-fong,   Compline,    the  laji   of  the  canonical 

hours,  or  from  nine  to  twelve  o^clock  at  night.     Fr. 

complie. 
Complex ioun,  conneBions,  ajfociotesy  party.  Lat. 
Con,  expl.  the  fquirrel ;  and  tranfl.yr»ar?Af. 
Conablc,  pojjthle  ;  q.  can-able. 
Condjt,  letter  of  fiife  conduct  ;    alfo   conduit^  P^'jff'^S^- 

Teut.  rondayt. 
Gonfits,  fweet-meats.  Teut.  ionfiit,  confc6lura- 
Conneis,   Vol.   IIL  p.  457.   perhajys  paj/ports  ^  from 

Fr.  conge  ;  q.  conjeys. 
Conftrie,  Confiftory,  ecclefiaflicnl  court. 
Contake,  contefi.  O.  Eng.  conteck,  conteke. 
Contirmont,  backward,  contrary  way.  Fr. 
Contrer,  expl.  mif chief. 

Convjne,  Covyne,  agreement^  paBion,  convention.  Lat, 
Conqueft,  acquifition^  acquired  by  force,  fraud,  or  i/h- 

dufiry. 
Convoy,  tricJk,  to  bring  to  pafs,  to  perfuade.    Fr.    con- 

vier,  invitare,  perfuadere. 
Coop,  large  cart.  [Teut.  kopf  dolium,  navigium.]} 
Cop,  Coh,Jpider,  Jelfifij  TjiaHgnant  fellow.    Teut.  kopy 

araneus. 
Cop,  cup.     Teut.  lop,   fcyphus  ;    alfo   a   coffin.     See 

Coop. 
Copill,  to  join y  to  unite.  Teut.  hoppelcn,  neflere. 
Copper,  cup-bearer  ;  fron^  cop,  cyphus. 
CoxdiH'!n:\\,  funeral  fongytnoNrnfol  cry.  Gael,  coronach^ 

Corbie. 


Cd.  Co. 

Covbie.  raven.    Fr.  corheau. 

Corbulye,  a  khid  of  leather.  Fr.  cuir-bouUley  fine  drelT- 

ed  leather. 
Corce.  See  Cors,  crofs^  body. 
Cordenouris,  Jhoe-niakers.     Belg.  kordewaemer^  futor. 

Cordowan,  expl.  Cordova  or  Spanijh  leather;  may  alfo 
mean  tanned  leather ^  from^  Teut.  touwen,  coria  perfi- 
cere,  the  term  cordoxvati  being  ftill  commonly  appli- 
ed to  a  particular  part  of  the  tanned  hide  of  a  horfe. 
Probably  the  Scottifh  cordwainers  dealt  but  little  in 
Spanifh  or  Morocco  leather. 

Corfe,  Crufe,  Cruve,  hut,  temporary  Jhade  ;  q.  cour- 
hof.  See  Cour. 

Cor  mundum,  the  Jirji  words  of  a  Roman  Catholic 
prayer. 

Corncraik,  land  rail ;  from  its  cry  of  craik  or  crex. 

Cors,  crof,  market  place.   Swed.  kors,  crux, 

Cors,  human  body  after  death.  Lat. 

Cors-prefant,  a  mortuary  or  funeral  gift  to  the  church; 
in  recpmpenie,  as  was  pretended,  for  any  tithes  that 
liad  been  omitted  or  with-held  by  the  deceafed  ;  fy- 
nonimous  withO.  Eng.  foul Jlott  ov  foul-portion. 

Corfly,  large  bodied  ;  from  Cors. 

Corwyn,  Covvyn,  a  kind  of  leather.  See  Cordowan. 

Cos,  Cofs,  to  barter  or  exchange.  Sax.  ceofan^  eligere  ; 
q.  to  choofe  alternately . 

Qo^,fnugy  quiet,  free  from  interruption.  Fr.  coy,  quietus. 

Cofie,  warm,  comfortable.  [Fr.  coufjineux,  pulvinatus.] 

Coftay,  to  coajl,  to  fail  or  go  by  the  fide  of. 

Coftlyk,  cojlly,  magnificent.  Teut.  koftelick. 

Cole,  cottage.  Teut.  i(?^,  cafa,  tugurium  ;  kutt,  tegu- 
mentum. 

Cotter,  cottager,  pojfijjor  of  a  cote  or  cottage. 

Cotys,  coats,  pettycoats.  Fr.  cotte,  a  coat  or  frock.  See 
Cote. 

Covanis,  fuppofed  to  mean  guefls. 

Covatyfe,  covetoufnefs.  Fr.  convsitife. 

Coven  t,  recovered. 

Couchir,  inlaid,  %vas  delivered.  Fr. 

Coudie,  Quiddy,  fmall  wooden  chamber-pot.. 

Could,  did;  fometimes  apparently  for  begoud,  began^ 

Coulpit, 


Co.   Cn 

Coalpit,  expl.  /eized  on.  [Fr.  cueillir^  carpere.] 

Counter,  encounter  ;  to  encounter. 

Coup,  cup  ;  alfo  a  fort  of  lua^gon.  Teut. 

Cour,  to  crouch,  to  fit  crouching.     Fr.  couver.     Wei. 

cwrrian,  in  talos  defidere* 
Courche,  covering  for  the  head.  Fr.  couvre-chef. 
Courers,  Curers,  covers,  [difhes.] 
Couth,  Couthie,  affable,  complacent.    Sax.  cuth,  cutha^ 

notus,  familiaris. 
Cow,  a  cutting  or  fiip  of  a  plant  or  diminutive-  fhruh  ; 

alfo  to  cut  or  crop.  Fr.  couper. 
Cow,  to  intimidate,  to  keep  under.    Ifl.  kuga,  fubjugare, 

fupprimare  ;  whence  perhaps  Cowart,  coward. 
Cowar,  collar,  neck-lace^  chain. 
Cowclink,  harlot,  loofe  vcoman.     [Teut.  kocklitKkj  ju- 

venca.J 
Cow-hubby,  auhward  fellow,  one  who  hobbles  or  moves 

about  like  a  cow.  Teut.  hobben,^-At2ive,  motare.  Ac- 
cording to  Ruddiman,   the   word  fignifies  cow-herd, 

from  Scot,  hobby,  coarfe  apparel. 
Cownand,  Counant,  covenant.  Fr.  convefiant. 
Gowndyt.  See  Condyt,  fafe  conduB.  * 

Cowp,  to  exchange  or  barter.  Teut.  koopen,  mercari. 
Cowp,  to  overturn,  to  overfit. 

Cow-fchot  dow,  ring  dove.  Sax.  cufceote,  palumbus. 
Coy,  quiet, fnug.  Fr.  koy,  quietus;  whence  Cofh. 
Coydjoch,  Coidyoch,  an  oppr obrious  name  applied  to  a 

woman  ;  perhaps  witch.  Gael,  callleach,  old  woman. 
Crack,  to  converfe,  to  chat,  to  hoafl.    Fr.  craquer^  ftre- 

pere. 
Cracklins,  refufe  of  tallow.  [Teut.  hard  bifult.^ 
Craig,  crag,   neck,   throat.     Teut.   hraeghe,    ingluvies. 
Craik,  to  importune.  Teut.  hrackeelen,  litigare,  altercari. 
Crait,  large  bojket,  hamper.  Teut.  kratte,  corbis. 
Crame,  Craim,  a  merchants  booth,  fhop  or  fall.  Teut. 

kraem,  cadurcum,  taberna  live  capfa  rerum  vena- 

lium. 
Cramerie,  Craimery,  mercerie,  goods  for  fale.    Teut. 

kraemerie,  merx. 
Crammafie,  crimfon  ox  fcarlet  cloth.    Teut.  krammefiittt 

veftis  purpurea,  oftrina,  coccinea. 

Vol.  IV.  F  Cramp, 


Cr.  Cr. 

A 

Cramp,  Crample,  to  ramp^  cUmh,  or  curriike  tendrils. 
Fr.  grhnper.  ;  . 

Crank,  infirm^  iveak,  in  bad  condition.  Teut.  kranck^ti" 
firmu5. 

Crap,  Crappin,  crop'Jlomach.  Teut.  kropy  ingluvies. 

Citap,  did  creep. 
~  Crote.  bee  Crait,  hajket. 

Craw,  to  crow  ;  Crawin,  crswed.  Teut.  kraeyen,  cor- 
nicari. 

Craw,  crow.  Teut.  kraeye,  comix. 

Crawdoun,  Cravant,  Craven,  an  infamous  name  un- 
derjlood  to  mean  a  coward.  In  a  criminail  trial  by 
battle  the  vanquifhed  perfon  declared  his  fubmiffion 
by  pronouncing  aloud  the  word  Craven.  If  the  ac- 
cufed  was  reduced  to  this  neceffity,  he  was  deemed 
guilty,  and  immediately  hanged.  If  the  accufer,  he 
was  declared  infamous.  The  word  may  be  derived 
irom  Sax.  crajian.  Ifl.  krejia,  poftulare  ;  &.  Scand. 
ande,  anima,  fpiritus. 

Creil,  bajketf  hamper  ;  to  place  in  a  hafket  or  hamper. 
Ir.  kril^  corbis,  area. 

Creis,  Crefs,  to  curl^  rumple^  wrinkle.  Creifit,  rumpled^, 
wrinkled.  Teut.  kroefen,  crifpaie. 

Creifit,  craved,  cra^y^  lohimJicaL  Teut.  he-hroefen^  e- 
brius. 

Creifche,  corr.  ol  greafe,  Fr.  groijpy  pinguedo. 

Ctine,  tojhrink.  Teut.  kleyneren,  diminuere. 

Cripp«l,  Curpil,  crnpper.  Teut.  kroppier^  poftilena. 

Cro,  (Regiam  Majeftatem)  expl.  ajjythement.  Celt,  croy 
cows.  [Svved.  cronay  corona.] 

Crok,  old  exve.  Crokkys,  old  ewes.  Teut.  kroongie, 
ovis  rejecula,  cadaver.  O.  Eng.  crojie. 

Crok,  to  fuffer  decay  from  age.  See  the  preceding  arti- 
cle. The  derivation,  however,  may  be  from  Teut. 
krocheny  gemere  ;  or  krcken,  curvare. 

Cronie,  tippling  cotnpanion.  [Teut.  krcegheUj  potare, 
inebriari  ;  kroegher,  caupo.] 

Crounar,  Crownei',  coroner. 

Crounel,  little  crown  ;  dimin.  of  Croun. 

Croup,  berry.  Craw-croopr^,  crow-berrys.  Sax.  crop, 
11  va. 

Croufs, 


Cr.  — Cu. 

Croufs,  bjl:I,  confident,  Fr.  courronce. 

Crowdie,  thick  gruel.    [Teut.  kruydt,  herba."] 

Crojne.  See  Crune,  to  Jing  in  a  low  tone. 

Grucll,  keeriy  injlexible. 

Cruells,  hings  evil.  Fr.  ecrouelles,  flruma. 

Cruke,  Crook,  chain  with  a  hook  at  the  loiver  end. 

Cruke-trie,  beam  upon  which  the  crook  is  fnfpended  over 
a  izitchenjire. 

Crumtuie,  navie  of  a  cow. 

Crufie,  cracibley  melting  pet  ;  alfo  latnp.  Swed.  irus^ 
urna. 

Crune,  to  hum  or  ^ng  in  a  low  tone.  Teut.  kronen,  ge- 
mere.  Ifl.  krina^  ejulare,  mugire. 

Cruves,  hurdles,  ufed  in  rivers  for  the  catching  of  fifli. 
Teut.  korf,  hamper. 

Cruve,  hovel,  poor  habitation.  Swed.  krype,  cafa. 

Cryle,  dwarf.  Teut.  kr'iel,  parvulus,  pumilus. 

Cubiculair,  chamber- companion,  per  Jon  belonging  to  the 
bed- chamber.  Fr. 

•Cuck-ftule,  Cogg-ftule,  Cucking-ftool,  the  pillory,  Jlool 
of  repentance  ',  or,  more  properly,  a  Jlool  upon  which 
petty  offenders  were  firjl  Jecurely  placed,  and  after" 
wards  immtrfcd  in  water,  commonly  fome  {linking 
pond.  This  chair  of  penance  was  alfo  called  th^ 
timbrel  or  trebucbet  ;  and  by  iht  ^Tixons  Jcea If  ng- 
Jlole,  fella  urinatoria  in  qua  rixofas  mulieres,  Sec — 
The  origin  of  the  more  modern  term  is  probably  to 
be  found  in  the  Teut.  kolcken,  ingurgitare,  from  kolck, 
gorges,  vorago,  vortex. 

Cuchill,  expl.  a  grove  ox  Jpecial place  of  refidence  ;  from 
^x.  couche,  ledus,  fedes. 

Cuddie,  afs  ;  originally  perhaps  a  diminutive  of  Cowt. 

Cude,  frolichjomc.  Belg.  kout,  prattling,  jefting. 

Cudeigh,  bribe,  prejent.  Gael,  cuid,  a  (hare,  or  part. 

Cuitchouris,  gamejiers,  gamblers  ;  ^'io  Jmugglers,  t'hofc 
who  lie  in  wait  to  cairy  on  fome  fecret  trade.  Fr. 
coucheur  ;  or  perhaps  frbin  Te\U.  lute,  talus,  a  cu- 
bical bone  ufed  as  a  die, 

Cullum,  Galium,  vagina  ;  alfo  a  part  of  the  bowels. 
Lat.  Barb. 

Cullage,  habit,  figure,  o\  fmipe  nfbotdy  ;  probably  corr. 

front 


Cu.  Cu. 

from  colour.    According  to  Lye,  from  Hib.  culaigh, 

veftis,  veftitus. 
Culmes,  or  Culmez,  expl.  a  culmujlj  or  cluh»     Swed. 

iiil-peec,  a  knotty  cudgel. 

"  To  mak  debate  lie  held  in  til  his  hand, 
Ane  rural  club  or  culmez  in  ftede  of  brand." 

G.  Doug- 
Cul reach,  **  a  cautioner  left  be  him    quha  repledges  a 

man  fra  ane  court  to  his  awin  court,^  as  a  fecurity 

that  juftice  Ihall  be  done  to  the  complainer  j  corrup- 
tion of  Sax.  gildan-redd,  arrha. 
Culroun,  cullion,  rafcal,  one  of  the  rabble,  contemptible 
fellow.  Fr.  couille,  expl.  a  lubberly  coward;  and  the 

common  termination  roun.  q.  v. 
Culye,  Cullye,  to  cully,  to  impofe  upon,  to  **  gull.'''* 
Cummer,  Kimmer,  gojjip.  Fr.  compere^  commcre. 
Cummer,  encumbrance  ;  to  encumher.  Fr.  ^encomhrcr, 
Cun,  to  tnjle.  Swed.  kccnna,  guftare. 
Cun,  to  give  or  acknowledge.  Swed.  keehna^  &  Sax.  cuU' 

natty  agnofcere. 
Cun,  to  know,  to  learn,  to  teach.  Sax.  &  Goth,  kunnan, 

fcire,  nofcere,  cognofcere,  agnofcere.    Swed.  kunnig, 

peritus  j  whence  perhaps  Canny. 
Cunnand,  knowing,  intelligent.  Goth,  kunnandsy  fciens. 
Cunning,  covenant ;  from  Fr.  convenir,  to  bargain. 
Cunye,  coin.  Fr.  coigner,  fignare  monetam. 
Cunye,  Coyne,  corner.  [  Fr.  coin,  angulus.] 
Curling,  a  game  played  on  the  ice,   in  fome  refpe£ls  rc» 

fembling  Quoits. 
Curlurous,  expl.  churiifl}, 
Curne,  a  grain  of  corn;  ufed  for  a  firtall parcel,  Teut. 

korn.  Goth,  kaurno,  granum. 
Currough,  a  Jkiff  or  canoe.     Gael,  currachan.     The 

Teut.  karrake  is  defined  "  navis  majoris  genus." 
Curs,  to  excom?nunicate.  Curling,  excommunication. 
Curtil,  ex'pl.jluttijh.  See  Clarty. 
Cure,  carCy  anxiety,  trouble.  Lat. 

Curie,  abbreviation  of  inquiry  ;  alfo  ufed  for  curing. 
Curfchcjjgurche,  head-drefs,  kerchief;  Fr.  couvrechef 
Curloure,  CuffarCffallion.  Fr.  courjtery  charger. 

Cuftroun, 


Cu.  —  Cu. 

Cullroun,  pitiful  fellow  ;  literally,  perhaps,  a  taylor 
of  the  lowed  order,  a  botcher.  Fr.  coujiourier  ;  or 
q.  cuiJlre-rouTif  from  Fr.  cuiftrCf  a  college  pedant, 
and  the  common  termination  roun. 

Cutts,  lots.  To  draw  cutts,  to  draw  lots  ;  from  Teut. 
kote,  talus,  aflragulus.  Lat.  Barb,  cavilla,  a  fmall 
cubical  bone,  which  feems  to  have  been  much  ufed 
in  gambling  and  other  affairs  of  chance,  before  the 
invention  of  dice.  According  to  Ruddiman,  Cutts 
are  fo  called  from  their  being  commonlj  cuttings  of 
ft  raw. 

Cutchouris.  See  Cuitcheouris,  gamblers. 

Cute,  ankle.  [Tent,  kuyte^  fura.] 

Cuttie, y2;or^,  little.  Gael,  cutag,  a  Ihort  fpoon. 

Ontty-gnn,  Jbort  tobacco  pipe. 

Cutty-ftule,  JIool  of  repentancey  ajhort-legged  fiool. 

Cutty,  Kittie,  wanton  wench.  Swed.  katig,  fly,  cun- 
ning. Gael,  cutagy  a  young,  or  (rather)  little  girl. 

Cufche,  Cuffe,  expl.  armour  for  the  thighs  ;  from  Fr. 
^  cui//e. 

Cuvine.  See  Covyne,  combination,  covenant. 


Da, 


Da.         ....     Da. 


D. 

1l)a,  doe.  Sax.  da,  dama  femella. 

Dablet,  Daiblet,  perhaps  imp  of  hell  deviPs  get  ox 
bairn. 

Daffin, -Dafferyjyoo/ijr)',  play y  play'ing  ;  <{' gnffiuy  from 
Tent.  gabbereUf  nugari,  jocari  j  or  gachdeity  cachin- 
nare. 

T>^h,  playful,  foolijh,  mad.  See  Dafiln.  Junius  would 
feem  to  connect  tbefe  words  with  Dan.  doffuefi,  ig.. 
navus,  iners.  torpid  us,  between  the  primary  fenfe  of 
which  {dcnf^  and  tlje  Scot,  fignification,  there  cau 
be  no  analogy.  See  Dowf. 

Dag,  thick  fog,  mijl.   Dan.  taag, 

Dagonis  for  Dragounis,  dragons. 

Daigh,  Daeuch,  dough.   Teut.  de£ghy  farina  fuba^ia. 

Daimen,  expl.  rare,  now  and  then. 

Dainte,  kindnefs,  hojpital'ity .  See  Daintith. 

Daintith,  dainty,  delicacy,  rarity.  O.  Fr.  dain^  dejica- 
tus.  Sax.  ihaniatiy  madid'are,  madefacere. 

Daif.  Deve,  to  deafen.  Teut.  doof,  furdus. 

Daiiit,  Daifenit.   See  Dofenit,  damaged^  decayed. 

Daker,  Dockar,  to  toil  as  in  job  work,  to  labour.  Sc? ' 
Daig,  from  which  it  probably  has  been  formed. 

Dale.  Ste  ViQ\Q,  part,  divfion,  or  difiriB  of  a  country ^ 
as  Tweed-dale,  Annan- dale,  &c.  from  Teut.  deyl, 
pars,  partitio  ;  correfponding  with  ^^LX.fcire,  fhare. 
Or  perhaps,  according  to  Ruddiman,  valley,  plain, 
efpecially  on  the  fde  of  a  river  ;  from  Teut.  dell, 
vallis,  lacuna,  lacus  ;  in  fome  of  thefe  diftridls, 
however,  not  many  valleys  are  to  be  foiind. 

Dams,  game  of  draughts.   Fr.  dames. 

Dammyfs,  Dammeis,  damage.    Fr.  dommage. 

Dampnc,  to  damn  or  condemn  \  a  fpecies  of  orthogra- 
phy which  was  common  in  the  Latin  of  the  middle 
ages. 

Dan,  Lord,  Sir  ;  equivalent  to  the  Span.  Don,  and  O- 
Fr.  Daw,  allfrom  Lat.  dominus. 

Dander,  to  faunter  about  in  a  Ifilcfs  manner.  Fr.  dan- 
diner.  Teut.  danten,  ineptirc. 

Danders, 


Da. De; 

Danders,  the  aJJjes  from  a  fmitJj  s  JJjop.  Goth,  tand'uvtj. 
accendere.' 

Dang,Jirucl-y  overcame,  drove.  See  Ding.- 

Danfkjn,  Dcvii/h. 

Dant,  Dantcn,  to  tame  or  fuh due.  Danted,  Dantenit, 
tamed,  Jiihdiied.  Duntenit  liors,  a  horfe  that  has  beta 
broke.     Fr.  donter,  domare,  tra<Elare. 

Dantoun,  expl.  to  daunt  ox' affright.  See  Danf. 

Darg,  days-xvorky  tajk  ;  contracted  from  day-voarl. 
Tcut.  dagh-wercky  penfum,  ■  -  '  ^^"'^ 

Dargeis,  Dergeis,  dirges,  funeral fojigs  ;  fronti  the  fre- 
quent repetition  of  the  Lat.  dirige  in  the  burial- fer- 
vice.  Dirge  is  aUo  ufed  for  moral  poem. 

Dafs,  that  part  of  a  hay  Jlack  nvhicli  is  cutting  doivn 
for  immediate  7/fe  ;  fo  called  perhaps  frora  its  refem- 
blance  to  a  Deifs  or  feat. . 

Daver,  Daifer,  tojiun  with  a  bloiv  on  the  head.  Teut. 
daveren,  contremere,  contremifcere.  Ifl.  doffc,  ilu- 
por. 

Dave],  Devel,  expl.  a  funning  bloiu.  See  Daver. 

Daw,  fuggard,  la%y  idle  pcrfon ;  from  Teut  daghen^ 
prorogare  in  alium  diem  ;  o^.  a  pofponer.  Accordinjj; 
to  Ruddiman,  from  dowy,  dull. 

Daw,  to  daxvn.  Teut.  daghen,  diefcere. 

Dawache  of  land,  a  plough-gate,  or  as  much  as  could 
conveniently  be  laboured  in  a  feafon  by  an  eight  oxen 
plough.  It  i'eems  to  have  been  common  for  eight 
hufoandmen  to  club  an  ox  a  piece  to  make  up  this 
formidable  draught.  Dawache  fcems  evidently  con- 
nedled  v/ith  J'eut.  daghwand,  modius  agri ;  verfus, 
id  quod  uno  die  arari  aut  verti  poteil ;  from  dagh^ 
dies  ;   &  xvenden,  vertere. 

Dawt,  Daute,  to  fondle  or  rherijh.  Dan.  d.rgger,  to 
nourrjh  or  bring  up. 

TiAwtie,  favourite.  Dan.  dccgge,  a  darling. 

Dayis  darling  ;  Vol.  11.  p.  154.  perliaps  darling  of  my 
days.  [Tcut.  duyfe,  concubina  ] 

Days,  Daes    does.  See  Da,  dama  femella. 

De,  die.  Deand,  dying.  Deit,  died. 

Debait,  3tf///f,  to  fight.  Fr.  JfAi/,  pugna. 

Debonare,  courteous,  gentle.  Fr. 

Decoir, 


De.  De. 

Decoir,  to  decorate.  Fr. 

Dedal,  Dede,  Deith,  death  ;  the  firft,  q.  dead-ill. 

Dedeinje,  to  deign  ;  the   de  being  here   a  fuperfluous 
prepofition. 

Ded^Inje,  to,  difdain.  Fr.  dedaigner. 

Dee,  TiQ.y^  dairy-maid^  fjoufe  keeper.  Swed.  deya,  ceco- 
noma.  Sax.  theowe,  famula,  ferva,  ancilla. 

Deface,  to  confound  or  difgrace. 

Uef aid,  Jaded,  dijgraced.  Fr.  de/hit,  fine  colore. 

Defound,  to  pour  down.  Lat.  defundere. 

Ticge^,  gra'ue,  compofed.  Y)egQ\i\\e,fedately.  IjZX.  di- 
gejius. 

Deje£l,  to  throw  out,  to  difplace.  Lat. 

Deil,  devil ;  from  Lat.  diaholus. 

Deir,  Dere,  to  annoy,  injure,  wrong,  trouble^  vex.  O. 
Teut.  deren,  deyren,  nocere,  officere,  obeire,  iirgere. 

Deir,  Dcre,  injury,  wrong,  anfioyance,  dijirefs.  O,  Teut. 
dere,  iiocuitientum,  difplicentia. 

Deir.  See  Dere,  to  pity, 

Deir,  expl.  by  Mr  Pinker  ton  daring. 

Deis,  a  long  7naJJ'y  feat  or  bench,  furni/hed  with  a  backf 
and  deftined  for  the  ufe  of  the  principal  perfonages 
at  an  entertainment.      Before  the  deis,  upon  a  railed 

-  or  {lightly  elevated  part  of  the  floor,  was  placed  the 
great  dining  table,  which. by  Chaucer  and  other  an- 
cient writers  is  frequently  alfo  cabled  the  deifs, — 
LalUy,  the  word  was  confined,  particularly  by  the 
French,  to  the  canopy  fdais)  which  was  fufpendcd 
over  the  whole  of  the  table  and  benches.  It  is  not 
eafy  to  determine  which  of  thefe  was  the  original 
fignification  of  the  word  ; — probably  the  firfl,  as 
deift  continues  ft  ill  to  be  the  name  given  to  a  long 
feat  huilt  againjl  a  wall,  and  alfo  to  that  part  of  a 
hay-ftack  which  is  cutting  down  for  daily  ufe,  from 
its  refemblance  to  a  feat  of  that  defcription.  In  ci- 
ther Teutonic  dialefts,  however,  the  word  is  more 
frequently  defined  tcthle  ;  and  the  origin,  in  either  of 
the  two  fenfes,  may  perhaps  be  found  in  the  Teut. 
doofe,  or  Dan.  de  ejke,  a  chcft,  which  in  early  times 
might  ferve,   as  at  prefent  in  cottages,  cither  for  a 

feat 


De.  — De. 

feat  or  a  table.     The  Fr.  dais^  canopy,  is  derived 
by  Wachter  from  Teut.  decken,  operire. 

Dele,y^«rf,  divijion,  part.  Teut.  deyl,  deely  pars,  par- 
titio,  diftributio.  Goth,  dail^  pars.  According  to 
Bede,  ufed  in  this  fenfe  by  the  Brit.  Scots  of  his 
time.  The  word,  however,  is  evidently  of  Teutonic 
origin,  and  probably  belonged  to  the  Peyhts. 

Dele,  to  deal  or  divide.    Goth,  dailjan,  dividere,  dare. 

Deleirit,  for  deliriousy  which  had  not  then  been  formed* 

Delf,  Delfe,  grave.  Zel.  delve,  fovea. 

Delfe,  to  delve  or  dig,  to  bury.  Teut.  delven,  fodere, 
defodere,  infodere,  inhumare.  Delfen,  Dolven,  delv- 
ed, buried  ;  from  Zel.  delve,  dilve,  fovea. 

Deliver,  Delyver,  to  deliberate,  to  determine.  Dely- 
ve ranee,  deliberation,  determination.  Fr.  deliberer^ 
decernere. 

Deliverly,  refolutely,  fpeedily,  nimbly.  Fr.  delibcrey 
fixus. 

Demayne,  domain.  O.  Fr.  demayene,  dominium. 

Demane,  Demayn,  to  dwell,  to  remain.  Lat.  manere. 

Demane,  Demayn,  to  maltreat,  injure  ;  from  Teut. 
mancken,  mutilare  ;  manck,  mancus. 

Deme,  dame,  mother  ;  in  a  quarrel,  mijirefs,jade. 

Deme,  to  cenfure,  to  condemn,  to pafs  judgment  on.  Teut. 
aoeman,  cenfere,  judicare,  daranare  ;  doeme^  judi- 
cium. 

Yi^vai^X.,  judged,  cenfured.  See  Deme. 

i)emplter,  Deimfter,  officer  who  pronounced  the  judg- 
ment  of  a  court  of  law.  Teut.  doemer,  judex. 

Demelle,  engagement^  rencounter,  joining  in  battle.  Teut.- 
mellen,  conjungi. 

Ti&x^,fpruce,  gaudy,  neatly  drejfed.  [Dan.  dynniker^  to 
whiten  or  plaifter.] 

Denude,  to  diveji.  Lat. 

Dene,  Dean,  dell,  any  low  Jituation,  efpccially  if  co- 
vered with  trees  or  brufhwood  ;  which,  before  the 
country  was  cleared,  was  frequently  the  cafe  be- 
tween two  oppofite  banks.  The  meaning  is  now 
more  contradled  in  Den ;  from  Teut.  dell,  lacuna. 

Dent,  Dint,  dimple  ;  alfo  expl.  engraven.  See  Dint. 

Dens-men,  perhaps  Danes  or  Danijh  pirates. 

Vol.  IV.  G  Depairt, 


De.  De. 

Depairt,  to  dtjirihute.   Fr.  departir,  diftribuere* 

Bepefche,  Depeche,  to  difpatch. 

peplome,  to  unfeather.  Fr.  plumer. 

Deray,  merriment,  noife,  dlfordery  tumult.     Fr.  defroy, 

in  oppofition  to  arroy,  equipage,   order  ;    arroyery 

ordinare,  in  oidinem  digerere. 
Dere.     See   Deir,  hurt  ;    with  fevertil  other  fignifica- 

tions. 
Dere,  any  untamed  quadruped.  Teut.  dler,  animal,  bef- 

tia,  fera. 
Dere,  Deir,  to  pity.     Teut.  deren,  miferari,  mifereri. 

Deir  me,  miferet  me  tut. 
Derene.  See  Derejne,  contejl ;  to  contend. 
Dereyne,  Derene,  Derenye,  conteji,  decijion  j    to  con^ 

tend,  to  decide  a  controverfy  by  force  or  argument, 

Fr.  defrener. 
Derf,  n6iive,  vigorous,  bold.    Swed,  dierf.     Ifl.  diarfuVy 

audax  ;  dierji,  prefumptuoufly.     Teut.  derven,  au- 

dere,  audaciam  adhibere  ;  from  Deir,  fera. 
Derfly,  vigoroujly^  boldly.  See  Derf. 
Dergat,  target /jhield.  Sax.  targa,  clypeus. 
Ticxn,  JoUtude,fecrecyf  private.  Sax.  dyrUy  dearn,  occul- 

tus,  fecretus. 
Dern,  to  hide,  to  retire.  Sax.  dearnan,  occultare.  Gaw. 

Douglas  has  derne  or  dereync,   in   the  fenfe  of  be- 
hold. 
Dert,  Vol.  I.  p.  51.  perhaps  earth  or  foil. 
Defcans,  defcant,  a  term  in  mufic. 
Dcfmelle,  Dyfmelle.  See  Demelle,  conteji, 
Deftrenyeit,  expl.  diJlraBed. 
Det-bund,    q.  Death-bound,  predejiinated,   bound    by 

fate  ;  alfo  fimply  indebted,  or  duty  bound.    Fr.  dette. 
Detrufe,  expl.  to  detraR. 
Deval,  Devail,   Awail,  to  defend,    to  hurry  down,  to 

fall.    Fr.  devalery  avaler.    Lat.  B.  devallare,  defcen- 

dere,   from  vrJlis ;    as  mcntrcy    montare,  afcendere, 

from  mona. 
Devail,  Devald,  to  ceafe  or  fop.    Without  devald,  (ov 

devalding,)  ivithout  ceaftng.    Devald*,  ceafes  ;  q.  de-^ 

fails  \  from  Fr.  defaillirf  defici  alifjua  re. 

Deve; 


De.  Di. 

Devc,  to  render  deaf  by  noife,  to  deafen. 

\ye.vj{^y  device^  appointment^  ^^g^<^y  >  ^^^  ^o  ^iJpofe  of. 
Fr.  devifer. 

Devyfe,  to  tell,  to  narrate  ;  analogous  to  Teut.  wiif- 
mahen^  injicere  aliquid  in  animum  ,•  or  rather  he- 
wiizenj  docere,  oftentare. 

Devode,  q.  Devoid,  to  empty,  or  draw  forth. 

Deyligate,  beautiful.  Dan.  deylig^  formofus  ;  deyliglied^ 
formolitas. 

Dicht,  Dycht,  prepared^  dreffed,  made  ready ^  equipped^ 
harneffed,  furntfhed.  Sax.  dihtan,  parare,  inltruere  ; 
adihtode^  difpolitus,  compofitus,  compofuit.  Hence 
it  is  alfo  ufed  in  the  fenfe  of  compofed  ox  arranged 
a  ffeechy  difcourfey  ox  poem ,  correfponding  with  Teut. 
dichteiiy  fententiam  dicere,  componere  carmen,  dic- 
tare. 

Dicht,  Djcht,  to  wype  off  najlinefs,  to  cleanfe  ;  from 
the  fame  arigin  with  the  preceding. 

Dichtings,  that  which  is  wiped  off\  alfo  the  refufe. 

Dilatio-un,  Dellatioun,  delay.  Lat. 

Dilp,  expl.  dawy  a  tattdry  huj/y.  [Swed.  dilka,  ama- 
fia.] 

Din,  noife.  Ti'm^orxiy  noify .  Ifl.  dyn,  tOno;  dunde,  to;iui. 

Ding,  worthy,  honourable.  Lat.  dignus. 

Ding,  to  Jirike,   beat,  throw,   overcome  in  any  kind  of 
competition.  Sax.  dencgan.  Swed.  denga,  tundere,  ful- 
tigare,  to  bang  or  thump.    Teut.  dwinghen,  cogere, 
urgere,  domare.  According  to  Ruddiman,  from  Sax. 
thringen,  urgere,  premere.   See  Thring. 

Dink,  corr.  abbreviation  oi  decken,  decked.  See  Denk. 

Dinle,  Dynnel.  See  Dirling,  thrilling.  The  word  is  al- 
fo ufed  in  the  lenfq  of  tingle. 

Dint,  Dunt,  blow.  Dyntis  dour,  hard  blows.  Dint  alfo 
iignifies  the  impreffton  made  by  a  blow.  Sax.  dynty 
idus. 

Dinmont,  Dimment,  a  wedder  initi  fecond year,  or  ra- 
ther from  the  firft  to  the  fecond  fliearing.  The  word 
has  perhaps  fome  reference  to  the  number  of  teeth ; 
from  Teut.  tandy  dens,  vel  diieUy  augeri  ;   &  mond, 

OS. 

jpird.  Gird,  a  blow  ^  alfo  to  attack.  Sec  Gird. 

Dirdum, 


Di.  Bo. 

i^'irdnm, peril/ous  J)/ay,  noijy  fporty  uproar,  fquahhle  ; 

from  Dird  ;  or  perhaps  literally  deirdum^  from  Teut. 

deren,  nocere.     [Gael,  durdan^   is  expl.  a  groaning 

noife.] 
Dirk.  See  Durk,  dagger.  Teut.  dolchy  fica. 
Dirling,  thrilling^  piercing,  Jbarp.    Swed.  drilla,  perfo- 
rate, terebraie.    Sax.  thyrl^  foramen;  alfo  ufed  for 

tingling. 
Dis,  doei.  Dif-na,  dees  not. 
Difcrefs,  difcretion. 

Difcourers,  difcovereriyfcouts.  Fr.  defcouvreur. 
Difeis,  dijpleafurey  vexation ;  q.  dij-eaftnefs. 
Diflieryfoun,  difinheriforiy  dijinheriting.    Fr.  dejheranccy 

hxredis  defedlio. 
Disjoine,  Desjune,  hreakfuji.     O.  Fr.  desjune,  jentacu- 

lum. 
Rifpend,  expend.  Difpenfe,  expence.  Lat. 
Difpituoufly,  tmpitifully,  'without  mercy.   Fr.  defpitcux, 

ad  indigtiationcm  facilis. 
Dillrenye,  Diftrayn,  to  fei^e  (gooAs)  for  the  benefit  of 

a  creditor  ;  alfo,  to  dijlraB. 
Difty-meiller,  expl.  meal  made  of  the  lafl  of  the  crop  ; 

perhaps  q.  dujiy-melder. 
Ditt,  to  flop  up-  (a  hole.)  Dan.  digter,  tetter^  the  fame. 
Tiht^jf  bi/l  of  enditement  or  acciifation  ;    from  Teut. 

dichteny  diftare,  commcntari. 
Divet,  a  turf  of  an  oval  formy  and  thin  all  round  the 

edge  ;  from  Delve. 
DocbJy,  expl.  duly^  but  may  alfo  mean,  in   an  able 

manner. 
Docht,  Dought,  could.  See  Dow,  to  be  able. 
Docht,  Dought.    See  Dow,  worth,  confequence,  value. 
Dochtie,  Dowghtie,  poiverful,  valiant^  iiorthy.     Sax. 

dohtig,  fortis,  ilrennus,  nobilis.  Teut.  deghelick,  ex- 

imus,  infignis,  honcftus.  See  Dow,  ^/V-/«j. 
Dochter,  Dother,  daughter.  Mtnt.  dochtery  filia. 
Dodge,  to  jog  or  trudge  along.  Teut.  doggen. 
Doft.  See  Daft,  merry,  mad. 
Dole,  a  large  piece.  See  Dele 
X)o\tnt,forrowful,forry.  Lat. 

Dolfy 


Do.  Do. 

Dolf,  Dowff,  dully  heavy,  wanting  fpirit.  Dan.  doffuen^ 
defes,  ignavus.  Ifl.  doffe,  llupor. 

Dolly,  Dully,  Doolie,  Dowie,  dolefull,  dull,  melancho" 
ly.  Fr.  dueily  dolor. 

Dollyn,  Dolfen,  buried.  See  Delf,  to  bury. 

Dolp.  See  Dowp,  bottom. 

Dolpbyne,  Dauphin^  eldeft  fon  of  the  King  of  France. 

Dominie,  parfon^  minijier  ;  from  Lat.  dominus. 

Done,  before  a  verb,  forms  the  preterite  tenfe  ;  as 
Done  roun,  rouned  or  whifpered. 

Dongyn,  Dinged,  driven,  forced.  See  Ding. 

Donk,  danky  7noiJi.  Teut.  taggy  ros. 

Donfie,  dujice-likey  dull,  Jlupid.  Dan.  duncare,  homo 
plumbeus. 

Dont,  Dount,  See  Dint,  hlow,Jlroke. 

Doop,  Doup,  to  dip,  to  irnmeife  in  water,  to  haptije. 
The  Dooper,  the  hapttj}.  Teut.  doopen,  mergere,  im- 
mergere. 

Dornyke,  domafk,  variegated  curtains,  carpets,  &c.  o- 
riginally  made  at  1'oiirnny. 

Dons, ft  of fulkineft .  See  Dorty. 

Tioxty, peeviJJjyfulky .  Teut.  trotfgh,  tortigh,  contume- 
lious, arrogant  ;  trotfen,  torten,  to  provoke. 

T)oxtjntk,fulkinefs,  pecvifonefs,  pride.  See  Dorty. 

Dortour,  dormitory,  bed-chamber,  apartment  containing 
a  number  of  beds.  Fr.  dortoir,  dormitorium. 

Dote,  to  imagine,  rave,  or  aB  idly.  Teut.  dotten,  deli- 
rare. 

Double,  copy  of  a  writing. 

Doublit,  bent,  bowed  down,  laid  douhle. 

Douch-fpere,  Douze-Per,  the  twelve,  or  pevhaps  one  of 
the  twelve  peers  of  France,  who  were  appointed  to  be 
privy  counfellors  to  the  King ;  or  may  allude  to 
King"  Arthur's  twelve  knights. 

Douce,  Douls,  dccefit,  fedate,  fleady,  refpeflahlc,  wor- 
thy. Fr.  doux,  fuavis. 

Donk,  to  duck,  to  dive.  Teut.  ducken,  conquinifcere. 

Doun-thring,  to  fling  down,  to  pull  down.  See  Thring. 

Doure,  hard,  inflexible,  fullen.  Lat.  durus. 

X)out,  danger f  f^f)  apprchenfion,  Fr. 

Dow, 


Bo.  Dr. 

Dow,  Du,  dove,  pigeon.  Theot.  douuc,  columba. 
Dow,  can.  Downa,  q.  Dow  not,  cannot ,  am  or  is  unci" 
hie  to.  Dowht,  could.  Dowglitna,  could  not.  Teut. 
doghen^  deughen.  Theot.  diuhen,  douchen,  dohen^ 
prodelTe,  ci-efccre,  decere,  valere,  probum  efl'e,  in 
pretio  efie. 

Dow,  worth,  avail,  value.  Teut.  doogh,  commoduin, 
lucrum,  virtus,  decus,  potentia,  valor.  In  Belg.  it 
alfo  fignifies  falus,  fanita?,  vigor.  "  Nocht  o'  dow, 
of  no  value,  or  nothing  of  worth. 

Dowf,y«^,  void  of  animation  or  energy,  q.  deaf. 

Dow]efs,  (more  commonly)  Thowlefs  or  Thawlefs, 
void  of  energy.  Swed.  dugloes,  good  for  nothing. 
See  Dow. 

Dowerit  night  (Gaw.  "Doxig.^  gloomy  or  fable  coloured 
night  ;  from  Teut.  doof-verwe,  color  furdus  vel  au- 
fteius.  See  Dowf  &  Fere.  Or,  according  to  Ruddi- 
man,  dull,  heavy,  weary,  drowfy,  from  Scot.  Du:r, 
obftupefacere  ;  which  feeras  nearly  allied  to  Dover, 
to  fluraber  ;  from  Teut.  doofworden,  or  Yy^n.doever, 
furdefcere.  That  he  was  not,  however,  quite  fatis- 
iied  with  this  derivation,  appears  from  his  mention- 
ing laftlj  doivy,  dull;  q-  made  heavy. 

Dowf,  dull,  void  of  nnirnution.  Teut.  doof,  furdus. 

Powfart,  heavy  ov  fupid  fellow  ;  from  Dowf,  [Teut. 
doofhout,  lignum  cariofum.  Swed.  dufwen,  marci- 
dus.] 

Dowp,  Dolp,  hcliom,  lower  extremity,  end ;  q.  depth ^ 
from  Goth,  diups,  profundus. 

Dowy,  Dovvic,  dull  or  melancholy  from  folitude  ;  pro- 
bablj'  the  fame  with  dully.  See  Dollj  ;  or  from 
Dowf,  q.  dow  fie. 

Dovering,  f  umbering,  in  a  (late  between  fleeping  and 
waking  ;   from  Teut.  doiif-wcrden,  furdefcere. 

Do  J  tit,  "Dc'illcd,  fupid,  ftperatiuated;  from  Sax.  dol. 
fatuus.  Engl.  dolt. 

Dczenit,  Daizjt,  chilled,  decayed,  hnpctent ;  rather  per- 
liaps  from  Teut.  eyfen,  gelare,  than  from  the  ufual 
derivation  duyfelen,  attonitum  fieri. 

Drable,  Dragle,  to  trail  in  the  m'rs  ;  q.  drecUe,  from 
Teiit.  drcck^  fordcs. 

Drakkyt, 


Df.  Dh 

Drakkyt,   Drawkyt,    ah/orbed^    attraBed,    drew    iip, 
Teut.  trecken.  Ifl  draga,  trahere.     It  is  alfo  ufed  in 
a  pafllve  fenfe  for  drenched  or  foaked. 
Draff,  brewers  grains.  Teut.  draf,  glumcC  grani  decoSi^ 

excuffum  fedimentum. 
Dram,  dljcontented,  forrowful,  fad;  flightlj  corrupted 
from  Teut.  gram,  afper,  iratus,  ftoraachofus.  Ac- 
cording to  Ruddiman,  from  Hib.  dro7?iham^  ringere  ; 
or  from  Ifl.  dramb,  fuperbia,  faftus  ;  drnmblnatm\ 
faperbus  ;  *'  becaufe  difcontent  and  melancholy  ge- 
nerally arife  from  pride." 

Dram-lyke,  probably  the  fame  with  Dram,  difcontent-' 
edy  frroivfuL 

Drame ;  "  Induris  bot  ane  drcrnie^''  endures  but  as  u 
dream. 

Drammock,  Drummock,  meal  and  water,  commoHly 
underftood  to  be  mixed  raw  ;  q.  crammock. 

Drap,  drop.  Dtappieyfma//  drop. 

Drawk.  See  Drakkyt,  abforbed,  drenched. 

Dre,  Drie,  to  fuffer^  to  endure,  or  feel.  Sax.  ihroivian, 
pati,  from  threa,  affliftio,  inflidio. 

Dreich,  flow,  hefitutlngy  la%y,  tedious.  A-dr*  ich,  be- 
hind, at  fame  di fiance  behind.  Teut.  fraegh,  tardus, 
ignavus,  rel'es,  dt-fes. 

Dreiffland,  Dribbland,  drivelling,  dropping  in  fmall 
quantity.  Teut.  druppelen,  ftillare  ;  drooppi'l-pi£i, 
llrangurij. 

Dreik,  dirt,  excrement.  Teut.  dreck,  fordes,  ftercus. 

Dreip,  to  drop.  Teut.  druypen,  ftillare. 

Drene,  drain,  fpout,  conduit. 

Drefs,  to  apply,  to  manage.  Fr. 

Drevill,  Dnvel,  to  /lumber,  to  flcep  unfundty.  Teut. 
revelen,  errare  auimo. 

Drew,  drop ;  as  Grew  for  Greek,  &c. 

Dribble,  to  fall  Jloivly  in  drops.  See  Dreifland. 

Drighten,  God,  Lord  Sax.  drihten.  111.  drottin,  domi- 
nus;  according  to  Wachter,  from  Teut.  drotna,  do- 
minare ;  drot,  populus.  See  Dtotes,  nobles. 

Dring,  drudge, f lave ^  t7iean  wretch.  Thus  it  is  alfo  ex- 
plained nnfer,  covetous perfn.  Da:i.  5:  Svved.  dre:jgt 

fcr^us. 


lir. 


Du. 


fervus,  famulus  ;    whence  perhaps   the  termination 
roun,  as  in  Culroun,  Cuftroun,  &c.  q.  v. 

Droddum,  expl-  the  breech. 

Droggis,  drugs  in  the  fenfe  of  fweet  meats.     Fr.  dro-  • 
gues. 

Droich,  Dreich,  dwarf.  Teut.  dwergh,  nanus,  pjg- 
meus,  homuncio. 

Drotes,  nobles,  knights.  Swed.  drotty  heros.  Teut. 
drut,  draut,  fiidelis,  cbarus,  amicus.  O.  Fr.  drut, 
favori. 

Droukyt,  drenchedj  foaked.  Sax.  on  drugunge,  in  aquo- 
fo.  According  to  Ruddiman,  from  Douk. 

•Droure,  Drowrie,  gift,  prefent^  love  token  ;  perhaps  a 
corruption  of  Teut.  trow-rincJk,  annulus  pronubis, 
from  trowe,  fidelitas.  Goth,  triggwo,  pa£tum.  O. 
Fr.  drurie,  druerie,  ami  tie,  fidelite,  amour.  Ruddi- 
man fuppofes  the  word  to  be  the  fame  with  dowry y 
or  dower,  Fr.  douaire. 

Drum,  ridge,  or,  (as  fome  would  rather  have  it,)  th^ 
hack  of  a  rnountaiti.  Gael. 

Drumly,  muddy,  difurbed.  Teut.  turbelen.  'Fr.  trou- 
ble.    ' 

Drumacke,  Dramack,  meal atid  water  mixed  raw. 

Drunt,  Strunt,  pet,  ill  humour  ;  from  Swed.  drtmt,  e- 
manfor. 

Drjnt,  drenchedj  drowned.  Sax.//r/z;iC«a,  madidus.  See 
13rouk. 

i)ualm,  Dwalmyng,  fwoon,  fainting,  fit.  Teut.  he- 
dwelmt,  defeftus  animo,  exanimatus,  exanimatio. 
According  to  Ruddiman,  the  fame  ^^ith  qualm  ;  from 
Sax.  cwealm,  mors. 

\)xxh,f mall  pool  of  water.  fSwed   Jy,  palus.] 

Dubl'aris,  fiy.^\.  pewter  difhes  of  large  fi^e. 

Duddis,  Duds,  rags^ 

Duddie,  ragged,  in  rags,  tattered.  Gael,  dudach^  rag- 
ged. 

Duddroim,  a  perfon  in  rags  ;  alfo  expl.  a  fpeBre.  See 
Roun. 

Dnle,  dole,  pain,  grief  mmtrnlng.  DvLleMy  doleful.  Fr. 
deuil,  trilHtia. 

Dulfv 


Du.  I    I    Dy. 

Dule,  Dool,  the  goal  at  football  or  golf  as  it  was  an- 

ciently  played  \  originally  a  mound  of  earth.    Tent. 

doely  aggefta  terra  in  quam  fagittarii  jaculantur  fa- 

gittas.     The  mark  was  called  the  doel-pinne^  fcopus. 

O.  Eng.  toyle  fignified  the  tilt  or  mark  aimed  at  in 

tournaments. 
Dully.  See  Dolly,  melancholy^  dreary. 
Dulfe,  Dilfe.y^fl  weed. 
Dung,  Dungen,  beaty  overcome.  See  Ding. 
Dungeroun,  dungeon  ;  of  old,  the  highejl  part  of  a  caf- 

tle.  Fr.  donjon  ;  the  derivation  not  known. 
Dunner,  Dunder,   to  make  a  noife  like  thunder.     Teut. 

donder.  Swed.  dundra^  touare. 
Dunt,  heavy  blow  upon  an  elafi'tc  or  reffing  body.  Sax. 

dynty  id, us. 
Dark,  Dirk,  dagger,  properly  concealed  dagger.  Teut. 

dolcky  fica ;  from  Swed.  dolia,  celare,  occultare. 
Durken,  Deirken,  expl.   to  affright ;    (\.  eirken,  from 

Eiryyfearful. 
Dufch,  to  f ally  to  fall  upon  ;  nearly  the  fame  with  dajh, 

from  Dan.  dajiy  a  bloWy  or  attack. 
Dufchet,  Duffie,  a  fort  of  mufical  injirumenty  probably 

the  doucete  of  Lydgate,  or  duuced  of  Chaucer  ;  from 

Lat.  dttlcis,  as  in  later  times  dulcimer.  In  Gael,  duis 

fignifies  "  the  drones  of  a  bag- pipe,"  and  doaghadb 

"  finging.'* 
Duftie-fute,  **  ane  pedder  or   cremar  qiiha   has  na  cer- 

taine  dwelling  place  quhere  he  may  dicht  the  dufifrom 

his  feet .'^     Skene. 
Dwine,  to  pine,  to  decay.  Dwining,  confumption.  Teut. 

diviinen,  tabefcere,  attennari. 
Dyke,  wall  of  earth  orjlone.  Teut.  diick,  agger -adver- 

fus  inundationes.  [Sax.  die,  folia,  ditch.] 
Dyker,  a  builder  of  earthen  walls.  See  Dyke. 
Dynd  for  Dant,  tofubdue  or  tame.  See  Danton. 
Dynle,  to  dingle,  to  tingle  or  tinckle,  to  produce  a  tingling 

found.  Teut.  tingelen. 
Dyne,  Dean,  den,  retired  Jhtltered  place. 
Dyale,   to  thrill.      Dynland,   thrilling,  piercing.     See 

Dirlc. 
Dynn,  noife.  Sax.  dyn,  tonus,  fonus. 

Vot.  IV.  H  Dynait, 


Dj.  Ec. 

Dynnit,  Vol.  I.  p.  201;  perhaps  he-diwed.  Szx.ihw^a/tf 

lavare,  ungere.    According  to  Mr  Pinker  ton,  y>r/. 
Djocie,  diocefe. 

Dyfmel.  See  Demelle,  fqitabble.  Fr. 
Dyte,  to  endite  or  accufe.  Fr.  enditer. 
Dyvour,  debtor^  bankrupt.  Fr.  Lat.  Celt. 

E. 

E,  Ee,  eye^ 

Eak,  Eke,  Eik,  to  increafe.     Sax.  eacan.    Goth,  aukatij 

augere. 
Ear.  See  Are,  to  till. 

'E.zvA,  earth.  Teut.  aerde.  Goth,  airthoy  terra. 
Eard-faft,^,rif£?  ///  the  ground  or  earth.   Sax.  eard-fcejley 

fitus. 
Eardit,  buried,  laid  in  the  earth.  Sax. 
Earding,  Erddyn,  earthquakey  thunder.     Sax.  earthdyn. 

Teut.  aerdbevinge,  fuccuffio. 
Eargh,  Ergh.  See  Airgh,  tardy.   Theot.  arg. 
Earlifch.  See  Elrilch,  hideous. 
Earm,  Yearm,  to  tea%e  or   importune   in  the  whining 

manner  of  a  mendicant.    TeUt.  jrw,  pauper.    Goth. 

arman,  mifereri. 
Earne,  to  coagulate.     Dan.  gaerj  yeafl  ,  gaerendcy  fer- 

BQcnting. 
Earnbliter,  expl.  the  fnipe.  The  latter  part  of  the  word 

(bliter)  may  be  a  corruption  of  bittern^  if  this  be  not 

rather  the  trtie  meaning  of  the  term. 
Eavers,  (Reg.  Maj.)  beajls  or  cattle.  See  Aver. 
Efaatement.  See  \hi\tmtT\tj  /port,  pleafure. 
Echil,  Ethil,  &c.  high,  noble.  See  Ethil. 
Echeris,  ears  of  corn.  Sax.  cehher.  GertD,  aehr,  fpica. 
Echt,  ought.  See  Awe. 
Eelilt,  Eyelaft,  (Eye-lett,)  expl.  deformity,  what  hurts 

the  eye  ;  and  accordingly  it  is  alfo  ufed  to  fignify  a 

hreak  in  a  page,  the  beginning  of  a  paragraph y  or  r«- 

ther   of  a  feElion  or  chapter  ;    from  Sax.  l(eitan, 

impedire,  obftare. 
Eens,  even  as. 

EfFeftuous, 


Ef.  — El. 

Kffetluous,  affeBionate. 

Effeir,  Eft'ere,  appearance.  See  Feir, 

EfFeiris.  See  Affeiris,  belongs  to. 

Efreft,  rfieft,/r/?,  chief. 

Eft,  after,  hinder  part.  Sax.  eft,  poft. 

Eft,  oft,  often.  Eft-fyis,  often-times.  Szx.fthe,  vice. 

Efter-hend,  q.  after-thence,  aftervjards. 

Eftfone, yoo«  after,  in  a  fhqrt  time. 

Egg,  to  incite,  to  fir  up.     Sax.    eggian.     Dan.   egger, 

Swed.  eggia,  irritate. 
Eidant,  Eithant,  Ithand,  Ythand,  bufy,  diligent,  unre- 

mittingy  perfevering.  Ifl.  «W«^,  diligentia.  Sa.x- getheon, 

gethean.     Teut.  gedeyen,  proficere,  vigere,  crefcere, 

fuccedere. 
Eider  doun,  the  fmaller  feathers  of  any  kind  of  birds. 

Teut.  edder,  aves. 
Eik,  Ilk,  each,  Teut.  elc\.  Sax.  elc,  anufquifque,   om- 

nis. 
Eik,  Eke,  alfo.  Sax.  eac.  Goth,  auk,  etiam. 
Eik,  to  add  to  or  increafe.  Goth,  aukan,  augere. 
Eild,  age.     Sax.  eald,   fenex,  vetus.     It  is  alfo  ufed  in 

the  fenfe  of  barren  \  Eild  cow,  one  that  yieldeth  no 

milk, 
Eildeins,  of  the  fame  age  ;  from  Eild. 
Eiry,  ^iv'xe,  fearful  through  folitudey  in  dread  of  fpec- 

tres.   Ifl.  eggur.   Goth,  agis,  metus,  timor,  formido. 
Eith,  Ejth,  Eth,  eafy.     Either,  Eirar,  eafer,     Eithly, 

eafly.  Sax.  eath.  facilis. 
Elbok,  elbow.  Teut.  elle  boge. 
Eldaris,  ancejlors.  Sax.  eldran,  progenitqres. 
Eldering,  Eilderyn,  old,  growing  old,  elderly, 
^]d£?LiheT,  grand-father  ;  nKo  father-in-law.     Eldmo- 

der,  mother-in-law, 
Eldyng,  materials  for  f  re,  as  coal,  peat,  turf,  &c.  Dan. 

ild.  Swed.  eld,  ignis,  pabulum  ignis. 
Elf-fhot,  bewitched ;  from  Sax.  Elf,  dcemon  ruflicusy  or 

Fairy  \  ufed  by  Chaucer  for  witch, 
Elke,  expl.  a  kind  of  yew.  See  33.  Henr.  8.  c.  9. 
I^liis,  Ellys,  already,  heretofore^  otberwife.    Sax.  ellis, 

alioquin. 

Elrifche, 


El Eo. 

Elrifcbe,  Elrick,  Erlifche,  Eorlifch,  hideous,  ivild, 
ghojily  y  alfo  expl.  lonefomey  un-inhabited  except  by 
Elves  ;  perhaps  quafi  elfrijh  or  elfijh,  from  elf\  or 
from  Sax.  galdrygea,  incantator  ;  q.  yaldryfch. 

YXijxXyJhoemaker's  awl.  Teut.  el/fenCy  fubula. 

Elwand,  Our  Ladies  Elwand,  the  conftellation  called 
Orion's  girdle. 

Eljte,  eleB.  O.  Fr.  elites  ele£lus. 

Emaille,  Amaillc,  an  enamelling, 

Embrovved,  embroidered. 

Erne,  Eyme,  uncle  ;  but  feems  applied  chiefly  to  rela' 
tives  by  the  mother'' s  Jide  ;  to  her  father  as  well  as  to 
her  brother.  Sax.  earn,  avunculus,  avus,  pater  ma- 
tris.  Teut.  opnty  patruus,  frater  patris  ;  avunculus, 
pater  matrts  ;  confanguineus. 

Emeraut,  green,  verdant ;  from  the  colour  of  the  Emc' 
raid. 

Emmerodes,  the  piles,  heemorrhoides.  Gr. 

Empefche,  to  hinder,  to  obJlruEl.  Fr.  empefcher. 

Emprys,  Empryis,  enterprife.  Fr. 

Enach,  (Reg.  Maj.)  expl.  by  Skene,  ane  mendis  or  fu" 
tisfaStioH  for  ane  fault,  crime  or  trefpafs  ;  as,  gif  the 
maifter  lyis  with  the  wife  of  his  bondman,  the  fer- 
vant  therefore  fall  be  put  to  liberty,  and  fall  receave 
na  uther  enach.  The  word  may  have  fome  affinity 
with  Gael,  eiric,  ranfom  money. 

Enbufchment,  ambuJJj  ;  from  O.  Fr.  emhoifer,  emhof- 
quer,  to  be  flickered  in  a  wood  ;  alfo  explained  a 
kind  of  ivarlike  machine,  fimilar  to  the  Roman  tef~ 
tudo. 

Enchefon,  caufe,  pccujion  ;  from  Fr.  fZ'f o/>,  cadere  ;  al- 
fo ^Tn^l.  fault,  crime. 

End,  Eynding.  See  Aynd,  a  breathing  place. 

Enday,  end  day,  day  of  diath. 

Endfundejng,  Ane  fundying,  a  he-numbing.  See  Fund- 
yng. 

Endlang,  Endlangis,  along.  Goth,  and,  per  ;  &  lang^ 
longus. 

Endored,  expl.  heaped. 

Ene,  Ein,  eyes.   Belg.  oogen,  oculi. 

Engaigne,  cx^H.Jpile. 

Engyne^ 


En.  I    Ef, 

Engjne,  ingenuity,  craft,  wit.  Lat. 
JF-nherd,  adhered,  to  adhere,  to  approve,  Lat.  heerere. 
Enkerlj.  See  Inkerly,  egerly,  mercifully. 
Enlacit,  (erronouflj)  Enlakit,  entangled,  Fr. 
Enfeinyie,  badge,  fgn^  ijoord  of  war.    Fr.  enjeigne^  lig- 
num. 
Entallye,  to  cut  out,  to  form  ;  from  Fr.  taUler,  fecare, 

talliare. 
Entendement,   underjianding,    intention^  true   meaning. 
En  tone,  Intone,  to  tune,  to  infpire, 
Entres.  entry.  Fr.  entre. 
Erd.  See  Eard,  to  interr. 
Ere.  See  Are,  to  plow,  to  till, 
Ergh,  Erch.  See  Airgh,  tardy. 
Ermefyne,  Arnnefine,  expl.  taffety. 
£r-nut,  earth-nut,  root  of  the  bulbocaftanum. 
Erlis,  Eiles,  Erie-penny,  earnefi  money.     Lat.  arrha, 

arrhaho. 
Erne,  engle,  nfprey.  Sa^.  earn^  aquila^ 
Erft,  heretofore. 
Ertand,  perhaps  prompt  in  aBion.     [Sax.  aerthon,  an- 

tea,  priufquam.  Gael,  aird  inntin,  high  (Spirit.]] 
Ery.  See  YXxj,  fearful. 
Efcamb,  Excarab,  to  exchange.    ItaJ.  camhiare,  permu- 

tare. 
Efcambion,  the  aB  of  excambing  or  exchanging. 
Efchele  (Efchel-trym)  a  pfirticular  manner  in  which  the 
divijions  of  an  army  or  regiment  were  difpofed.  It  is 
alfo  ufed  to  denote  one  of  thefe  divifjons,  and  plu- 
rally  the  whole  army.  Fr.  efhielle. 
Efches,  Affis,  ajhes, 
Kfcheve,  Efchew,  to  atchieve. 
Efe,  to  make  eafy,  or  accommodate. 
Efementis,  accommodations.  Fr.  aifements. 
Effning,   concepUon,  the  principal  mean  of  conception. 

[Sax.  efne,  mafculus.] 
Eflbnyie,  Efloinye,  to  cxcvfe,  O.  Fr.  excinc. 
Eftait,  condition,  fituation,  rank  \  alfo  chair  of  fate. 
Eller,  oyfler.  Teut.  oejier. 

Eftler,  afilar,  free  flnne  ;  but  whether  it  fignificd  ori- 
ginally hivon  or  unhewn,  fcems  uncertain.    Fr  ajji/e. 

Ethils, 


Et Ey. 

Ethils,  Athils,  Haithils,  nobles,  noblemen.  Sax.  etheL 
Teiit.  edel,  nobilis,  nobili  genere  ortus  ;  which  by 
Wachter  is  derived  from  atta,  pater.  Verelius, 
however,  tranflates  adalman,  maritus  lagitimus  ;  a- 
dalkona,  uxor  legitinra  ;  and  adcilkonu  barn,  liberi 
legitimi ;  from  wliich  it  would  appear  that  the  wor4 
edel  may  be  compounded  oi  tv,  or  ee,  lex  ;  cid,  jus  ; 
and  dseleriy  didribuere,  judicare  ;  q.  lawgivers. 

Etion,  expl.  kindred,  gencahgy.  [Ifl.  ^«,  genus.  Wei. 
eddyl,  cognatio,  gens."! 

Etling,  ainiy  intention  ;  from  Ettil. 

Ettil,  to  intend,  propofc^  or  aim  at.  Scand.  at  netla,  def- 
tinare,  defignare. 

Ettir-cop.   See  Any  vco^c,  fpitefjil  ivretch. 

Euar,  Ewer,  pot,  flaggon.  Fr.  ayguiere^  a  laver. 

Euder,  cx'^\./corching  heat.  Fr.  ardiur,  ardor. 

Eul-cruik,  (Bur.  Laws,)  perhaps  the  largeji  crook,  or 
that  which  was  ufed  at  Chriftrriafs  or  Yule. 

Eweft,  expl.  neare^,  moji  contiguous,  towards.  [Sax. 
nyhjla,  proximus.] 

fcveyr,  Evir,  Evour,  Eyoure-bane,  ivory.  Fr. 

Evil-payit,  perhaps  for  Evil-thayit  (or  thewit)  ilU 
difpofed. 

Exem,  Exame,  to  examine. 

Exercitioun,  exercife,  praSiice,  exeriiop. 

Expres,  altogether,  wholly. 

Extre,  axle-tree..  Belg.  axe,  axis. 

Eyme.  See  Erne,  uncle. 

Eyndil  toJufpeB,  to  be  jealous  of.  Eyndling,  jealoufy, 
Jiifpicicn ;  perhaps  q.  in^telling  ,•  nearly  a-kin  to 
Inkling,  fl«  obf cure  private  hint.  Teut.  een-kallingef 
foliloquium. 

Eyne,  Eene,  Eychcn,  eyes. 


Fa, 


ta.  L.  Fa. 


F. 


VAf/oe,  enemy.  Sax.  Jah,  inimicus. 

Fa,  trap  for  mice  or  rats.  Sax.y^a//,  decipulus. 

Fade,  to  taititj  to  corrupt^  to  deform'  Fr. 

Fadge,  a  large  fat  loaf  or  batinock  ;  commonly  of  bar- 
ley meal,  and  baked  among  afhes.  In  a  Lancalhire 
Gloflary,  Fadge  is  explained  a  burden.  Fr.  faix^  o~ 
nu3.  [t)a.n.  Jiolde-iage,  panis  fubcineritius  ;  q.fced- 
efhen!\ 

Ydidav,  father.  Teixt.faeder,  vader.  Sax.  Dan.  &  Swed. 
fader.  laZt.  pater.  Goth.  atta.  G^cl.aacher. 

Fagald,  Faggelt,yfl^^o;,  bundle^  parcel.  Fr.  5c.  Celt. 

Faik,  Feck,  a  confderable  quantity y  the  greater  part  ; 
probably  from  Tent,  veeh,  opes,  bona. 

Faik,  fold  or  corner  of  a  plaid^  a  plaid  niihe^  ferving 
the  purpofe  of  a  fatchell  or  bag  ;  from  Fr.  faque, 
facculus.  [Teut.  ^o^^Z't',  jun61io,  jundlura.]  It  is 
fometimes  alfo  ufed  to  fignify  the  plaid  itfelf,  parti- 
cularly a  fmall  plaid  -J  and  lallly,  as  a  verb,  to  fold 
or  infold,  correfponding,  as  would  feem,  with  Teat- 
voeghen,   adaptare,  acconimodare,  coraponere. 

Faik,  to  become  weary ,  to  fag  ;  fiom  Iwat.fatigo. 

Faik,  Faikit,  occur  jn  the  fenfe  of  Vaik,  Vaikir,  i.  c. 
become  or  became  vacant. 

Faikles,  Fecklefs,  weak,  deficient  in  power.  A  probable 
derivation  might  be  formed  from  the  Teut.  fickc, 
ala  ;  but  the  true  one  may  rather  be  found  perhaps 
in  Teut. yt'o/',  opes,  &c.  Faikfull,  Feckfow  is  fome- 
times ufed  iu  the  oppofite  fenfe,  large,  powerful^  vi- 
gorous. 

Fail  for  Feil,  many,  great,  often,  very.  Tent,  veel,  mul- 
tus,  numerofus,  frequens,  copiofus.^  Sax.  thearlc, 
multum,  valde,  vehementer. 

Fail,  Feal,  a  fquare  piece  of  fod.  Fail- dyke,  a  wall 
built  of  fod  ;  from  Field.  Teut.  veld,  folum,  fuper- 
ficies. 

Failyr, 


Fa.  ■  Fa. 

Fallje,  to  fail'y  nearefl  to  which  are  the  Swed.  feeta, 
&  Yv.faillrr. 

Fairin,  a  prcjcnt  in  a  fair  or  market ;  of  the  fame  family 
with  Sax.  feohern^  gazophylacium,  (^veohy  bona, 
opes ;  &c  erriy  locus,)  a  trame  or  fhop  ;  from 
which  are  defcended  probably  fnirj  and  Fr.  foire^ 
rather  than  from  the  'LaSX.  feria:. 

Y^iitViX cofeature  ;  alfo  behaviour ^  dexterity  ;  from  Feat. 

Fald,  Feld,  Fell,  open  pajlure  ground,  open  f  eld.  In  the 
latter  form  it  denotes  barren  mountains. 

Fald,  FaUid,^^if/>-/o/^,  ot  finull  inclofedjield  },  q.Joi?- 
letf.  S^yL.falced^fietta;  fiomy^Z',  inimicus,  (wolf 
or  fox,)  &  Icetan,  impedire,  ob(tare  ;  origtually 
made  of  planks.  Sax.  Letta,  afl'eres.  Or  perhaps 
quafi  fie-haldy  a  place  for  holding  Jie  oxjkecp.  See 
Fe'. 

Fi;Id,  Fauld,  to  fold,  to  Jhut  up  in  a  fold.  The  Saxon 
huf-bondmen  were  obliged  commonly  fo  fold  their 
Iheep  upon  the  fields  of  the  land  lord,  for  the  bene- 
fit of  the  dung;  which  fervitude  was  called y^//i/^««:^. 

Falfet,  faljhood.    Tcut.  Scand.  8cc.  nearly  the  fame. 

Fait.  See  Faut,  indigencCy  extreme  want. 

V^TCitffoam.  Sax.y^z?/,  fpuma. 

"JPzxticW y  farn'ily,  race.  clan.  Yx.famille. 

Fand,ybz/W,  did  find.  Teut. 

Fang,  Thwang,  Whang,  cord,  rope  ;  the  coil  or  bend  of  a 
rope  s  hence  alfo  noofc,  trapy  and  the  talons  of  a  bird. 
Sax.  fang,  captura,  captus  ;  from  thwarig,  corrigia, 
ligamentum.  Teut.  vangh^  varick,  decipula,  tendi- 
cula. 

Fang  to  catch,  in  the  manner  a  horfe  is  caught  in  the 
field,  by  means  of  an  extended  rope  ;  to  furround  or 
gather  in,  to  fei%e,  to  feciire.  Tt- ut.  vanghen,  com- 
prehendere,  apprehendere,  injicei'e  manus,  manicas, 
catenas.  See  Infang.  Hence,  fays  Ruddiman,  new- 
fangle,  catching  at  novelties. 

Fannoun,  a  fcnrf  worn  on  the  left  arin  by  an  officiating 
priej}.  Yx.fanon,  tranflated  a  fanncl  or  maniple. 

Fantoun,  c\^\.faiitnjiic  ;  ^\io  fintotn. 

Farand,  Farrcnt,  hefcemingj  becomings  behavifg.    Swed. 

fara 


Fa.  Fa. 

fara  ilhy  to  behave  unkindly.  Hence  Auld-farrand, 
behaving  like  a  grown  up  perfon. 

Farand  man,  a  Jlra?iger  ox  pilgrim  ;  from  Sax.  far  an, 
ire. 

Fard,  Farde,  Faird,ybrc^,  hlajly  weight.  Yx.fardeau^  a 
burden,  load,  or  weight ;  or  perhaps  from  Teut.  ^a- 
erdigh^  promptus. 

Fard,  Faurd,  favoured^  coloured^  c ample xioned.  Dan. 
Jarver.  Swed.  Jerga,  tingere  ;  Jergad,  coloured,  dy- 
ed. Teut.  varwey  color. 

Fardel,  bundle.  Yx.fardeau,  onus. 

Fardie,  Feardie,  expeditiousy  handy,  expert.  Teut.  vaet" 
digh,  promptus,  agilis  j  from  Fare. 

Fare,  Fair,  to  go,  to  pafs.  Fure,  Fame,  iventy  pajfed. 
Teut.  vaeren,  tendere,  proficifci,  vehi,  petere  locum 
aliquem.  ^z'x..  faran,  ire. 

Fare,  journey^  "voyage,  expedition,  road.  Sax.  faer, 
grefius,  profeftio,  iter. 

Fare,  behaviour,  to  behave.  Sw&d.  fara.  See  Farand. 

Farefolkis.yij/nVj-,  el/s,  or  elves  ;  probably  from  Teut. 
vieren,  feriare,  feriari,  feftos  dies  agitare,  feftos  ex- 
truere  ignes,  otiari,  q.  merry-making  or  holiday-folks. 
.  It  is  not  unlikely,  however,  that  the  name  may  have 
fome  affinity  with  Teut.  vaerende  vrowet  Dryas, 
Hamad ryas,fyl varum  dea;  from  Teut.  vaeren,  profi- 
cifci, vehi,  quafi  homines  vagantes  vel  peregrinantes. 

Farnetickels,  Farntickles.yr^ci/ej-. 

Farrach,  expl.  Jlrength,  fuhjlance. 

'F^lts,  to  farce  or  cram.  Yx.farcir. 

Fary,  Fiery-fary,  confufion,  tumult. 

Fas,  ufed  by  Gaw.  Douglas  ioxhair.  Szx.feax,  capilli. 

Fafch,  Fafh,  to  trouble,  vex,  dijlurb.  Fr.  fafcber,  alicui 
moleftiam  creare. 

Fafcheus,  Faftieys,  troublefome,  vexatious.  Yx.fafcheux, 
moleftus,  acerbus,  gravis. 

Fafchoun,y«Ar^2o«,  a  kind  of  fword.  Yx.faucbon. 

Faflens-even,  Faftrins-even,  the  eveniug  before  Lent. 
Teut.  vajien-daghy  the  day  before  Vajiency  tempus 
quadragefimale.  Goth,  fijian,  jejunare. 

.Fafioun,  Y2S^yoviX\,  fajhion.  Fx.facon. 

Fafl'ounit,  Yzv^ionlffajhioned. 

Vol.  IV.  I  Fauch, 


Fit.  -i;.— ^  Fe. 

Fauch,  Faw,  Fauth,  Fallow,  of  a  light  red  or  bay  rd- 
lotir.  Fr.Jative,  flavus. 

Fauch t,  Faught,  didjight,  Gct.Jbchte. 

Faut,  Fait,  vjant,  extreme  indigence.  Teut.  faut^  de- 
feftus. 

Fax,  (Gaw.  Doug.^y^c^.  \x.^.faccia^  fades. 

Fay,  Y^y^truth^  faith  ^fidelity  y  confidence.  O.  Fr.  fey. 

¥-dynd,fond ;  alfo  for  Fond,  to  dejire  eagerly. 

Fe,  Fee,  Fey,  Y\e,fheef>.  Teut.  -vee^  veech.  ^^ix.feoh. 
Swed.  fae.  Goth,  fachus,  pecus,  pecuaiia,  armcn- 
tum,  divitiie,  opes,  &  univerfa  fubftantia.  Hence, 
according  to  Ruddiman,  Fee,  merces,  prjemium,  wa- 
ges. 

Feator,  Faytor,  deceiver.  Fr. 

7echta.rh,fightersy  foldiers.  Teut.  vechter^  pugnator,. 
praeliator.  Some  have  conjectured,  with  no  fmall 
degree  of  probability,  that  the  Peyhts,  if  a  Teutonic 
people,  might  have  diftinguifhed  themfelves  by  this 
appellation,  which  the  Saxons  afterwards  pronoun- 
ced and  wrote  Peohtar,  and  the  Welch  Fitchid.  See 
Peyhts. 

Feck  &  Fecklefs.  See  Faik  &  Faikles. 

Fedderum,  Fedderome,.  Fedderonn,  quaii  feathering, 
wings  ;  the  plural  of  Teut.  feder,  pluma,  penna. 

Fee,  Fey,  Fie,  on  the  verge  of  death,  under  a  fatality. 
Ft.  fee.  Teut.  veygh,  moribundus,  morti  propinquus, 
qui  praefentem  mortem  evadere  non  poteft.  Swed, 
fegj  fato  imminens. 

Feidom,  the  fiate  of  being  fee. 

Feid,  Feyde,  Fede,  feud,  enmity.  Teut.  veyde^  veede, 
vied,  odium,  inimicitise,  bellum. 

Feil,  Fele,  many,  often,  fever al.  Teut.  vele,  veel.  Sax. 
feala,  multi,  multum,  plures. 

Feil,  Feill,  knovcledge,  confcioufnefs,  fenfe  ;  from  Teut. 
voelen,  fentire,  fapere. 

Feir,  Fere,  EfFere,  EfFeir,  drefs,  accoutrements,  appear- 
mce.  Feir  of  Were,  fljevo  of  war.  Swed.  ferg. 
Teut.  verwe,  color. 

Feirs  of  the  year,  average  price  of  the  different  hinds  of 
corn,  for  a  year  ;  from  Fr.  feur,  teltimatio  venali- 
um,  pretii  conftitutio  ;  offcurer,  annonse  vcnali  pre- 

tium 


Fe:,  — _  Fe. 

tium  edicere  ;  foy^  fides,  becaufe  the  affeurcrs  were 
fworn  to  give  a  juil  judgment. 
Feird,  'E&xd.  fourth.  Swed.Jierde.    Teut.  vierde.,  quar- 

tU3. 

Feits,  Feets.  See  Theets,  traces. 

Fele.   See  Feil,  many,  great,  very. 

Fele-fjis,  many  times..  See  Hyis. 

FeUfJkm,  hide.  Teut.  ve/,  *' pellis,*' cutis,  exuviae,.ter- 
gus. 

Fellon,  Felloun,  expl.  cme/f  from  Fell.  It  may,  how- 
ever, mean  only  great  or  exce/^ivef  from  Feil. 

Fellwell,  right  luell^  very  well.  See  Feil,  very. 

Felterit,  Jeltedy  matted^  united  without  weaving.  Fr. 
feultre. 

Femynitie,  woman-hood  \  c^.  feminality .  Lat. 

Fend,  Jlnft,  livelihood ;  to  earn  a  livelihood.  \0.  Fr. 
viafider,  vefci,  pafci.] 

Fenefter,  Fyniiter,  window.  Lat.  Feneftra. 

Ferd.  See  Y&itd^  fourth. 

Ferde,  fared,  went.  See  Fare,  to  go. 

Fere,  companion,  comrade.  Sax.  gefera,  focius,  comes. 

Fere.  See  Feir,^^xu,  appearance,  array. 

Fere,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  expl.  entirely,  wholly  j  rfither 
perhaps  y^^«/ri/j/.  See  Fure. 

Feriat,  out  of  term,  holiday.  Teut.  vieren,  feriari,  oti- 
ari ;  whence  alfo  Fairies,  fometimes  called  Ferters, 
quafi  merry-making  or  holiday  folks.  See  Fare- 
folkis. 

Ferie,  Feiry,  cautious.  Ferilie,  Feirylic,  cautioufly, 
Teut.  vaerlick,  timendws. 

Feris.  See  AfFeiris,  EfFeiris,  becomes,  thereto  belongs, 

Ferle,  Fardle,  the  quarter  of  a  thin  large  oaten  cake  ;  q, 
feird-dule,  fourth  fharc. 

Ferlie,  wonder,  flrange  objeB  ;  alfo  to  wonder  ,■  per- 
haps c^.  fair 'like,  from  the  gew-gaws  expofed  to  fale 
at  a  fab". 

¥tvviiQ,Jirm,  to  make  firm.  Lat. 

Fern,  Fame,  gone,  fared.  See  Fare,  to  go. 

F^rn,  Fearn,  a  prepared  gut,  fuch  as  the  firing  of  a  mu-^ 
ficjl  infirument.  Sax.  ?^<r/7/?,inteftiuum. 

Fern-jcir, 


Fe.  Fe. 

Fern-yeir,  Farne-yer,  the  year  that  is  gone^  lajl  yeav. 
See  Fare,  to  go. 

Ferray,  forage.  Yx.fourrage^  pabulum. 

Y  ex  ttzt,  Jerry -man,  boatman. 

TcTTjy  to  farrow,  to  bring  forth  young. 

Ferter-lyk^  fairy-/ike.  See  Fare-folkis. 

Fery,  Feirie,  fre/h,  vigorous ;  nearly  fynonimous  with 
Fardie  ;  q.  v.  alfo  cautious.  See  Ferie. 

Fet  to  fetch  ^  pur  chafe,  prepare.   Sax.y^/w/7,  adducere, 

Fetous,  Fete,y^a/,  neat,  trim.  O.  Vx.faiBis. 

Fetouflie,  Fetufly,  neatly^  trimly  ,•  from  Fetous. 

Fettil,  expl.  cafe,  condition,  energy,  poiver,J}rength. 

Fetyl,  expl.  to  join  clofely.  SdiX.  fetel,  citigulum. 

Feu,  fee.  Fr.  fef,  a  fpecies  of  tenure,  the  nature  of 
which  is  universally  known.  The  word,  in  all  thefe 
three  forms,  is  an  abbreviation  of  the  Lat.  barb. 
feudum  or  fodum,  the  original  meaning  of  which 
was  certainly  neither  more  nor  lefs  than  bondage  or 
Jlavery.  But  here  a  queJlion  arifes,  which,  to  this 
hour,  has  never  received  a  fatisfaclory  folution  ?^ 
AVhence  comes  Feudum  ?  After  all  the  elaborate 
inquiries  of  Spelmaii,  Wachter,  Stiernhielm,  Gro- 
tius,  Hottoman,  Sec  it  may  perhaps  be  deemed  pre- 
fumption  in  me  to  anfwer, — From  the  Sax.  theudom 
or  theowdom.  The  word  is  tranflated  by  Lye,  fef- 
vitium,  fervitus,  mancipatio.  Sax.  Chron.  ueorvld, 
theudom,  fieculare  fervitium  ;  thcudofn  niman,  fervi- 
tium  exigere  ;  ge-fread  cf  ealle  theudom,  liheratos  ab 
orani  feryitio.  Pfalm  103.  v.  15.  wyrta  theoivdome 
manna,  \\txh^%  fervituti  hominum — Caedmon.  ne 
ivolde  theoivdom  tholian,  noluit  fevvitutcqi  pati.— • 
Exod.  I.  V.  14.  mid  celcon  theovcdome,  cnxn  omnigena 
fervitute ;  Boet.  S.  I.  on  heora  theoivdome  heon,  iu 
eorum  famiilatu  elfe.  Thofe  writei-s  who  had  oc- 
cafion  to  mention  the  word  in  Latin,  took  the  libei- 
'  ty  to  write  fudt/m  inftead  of  theudum^  there  being, 
in  fa£l;,  no  fuch  found  as  th  in  that  language.  Ihen- 
dom  is  from  the  Sax.  iheow,  fervus,  manccps  ;  or  the 
verb  thevjian,  between  which -and  the  Soottifla  veib 
to  feu,  in  its  original  iignification,  there  is  alio  a  ve- 
ry linking  concfpondence.    Lye  tranflates  it  i.  fer- 

vire, 


Fe.  Fi. 

v4re,  in  fervitutis  ftatu  miniflrare ;  fervire  tanquam 
miles.  2do.  in  fervitutem  redigere,  mancipare. — 
In  what  manner  were  the  contemporary  writers  in 
Latin  to  exprefs  this  word  thcowan  ?  As  they  had 
converted  theudom  mXo  feudum  ox  feodum  ^  they  iifed 
the  fame  libei-ty  with  the  verb  by  converting  it 
into  feodarey  from  whence  were  formed,  feodalisy 
feudatonusy  and  many  more  of  the  fame  kind. 

Although,  however,  the  words  thew  and  theudom 
came  thu§  to  be  changed  to  feu  and  feudome,  fome 
veftige  of  the  antient  form  was  to  be  found,  until 
very  lately,  in  charters  from  the  crown.  See 
Theme.  It  may  be  proper  to  mention  that  Spel- 
rnan  brings  feudum  from  S^x.feob,  pj.-cii=,  opes,  Cby 
him  traiillated  alfo)  flipcndium,  (luafi  feo-had,  ordo 
&  flatus  ftipendiarius ;  Wachter  and  Stiernhielni 
from  T^Vil.fodeny  nutrire  ;  foda,  aliraentum  ;  Gro- 
tius  from  feo,  ftipcndium  &.  od,  fiibftantia,  fundus, 
pofleffio  ;  Obertus  from  l^'^Z.  fides  or  fdehtas  ;  Hot- 
toman  (com  feed  (feud)  bellum  ;  Guyet  fromfdum, 
beneficium  ;  and  an  anonymous  etymologilt  hom  the 
firft  letters  of  the  words  '*  Fidelis  ero  domino  vcro 
meo." 

Fewlume,  fuppofed  by  Ruddlman  to  mean  a  Jparro'-jj 
hawk. 

Fewter,  Futer,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  "  They  fcxcter  fute 
to  fute,"  i.  e.  fays  Ruddiman,  their  feet  are  intan^- 
Jed  or y^/^rf/3?  together  ;  from  Yv.feutre^  pannus  co- 
-aftilis.  Sax.  felt. 

Teure,  furrow  in  cornfields.  Sax. 

V&viiy,  fealty.  O.  Fr.  feaulte  \  from  Lat. 

Fey.  See  Fee,  under  a  futalHy. 

Icyhal,  foaly  of  which  it  fcems  to  be  a  Celt,  corrup- 
tion. 

Fidder.  See  Fudder,  loady  large  parcel,  Teut. 

Fidge.  See  Fyke,  to  fidget  abouty  like  one  who  has  the 
itch. 

Fierdy,  ty.^\.  fierce,  fi  out.  See  Fardie. 

Fillok,  Filly,  a  young  mare  j  alfo  in  a  derifory  way,  a 
girl  ox  young- IV  0 IV :fn. 

Filybeg, 


Fi Fi. 

Filybeg,  a  lilt  or  JJjort petticoat.    G7ie\.  JUleadh-beg,  Vu 
.^  terally  a  little  plaid. 
Fine,  end.  ^tXt.Jin.  hzt.^/iis. 
Finey,  Fainy,^/;a//y. 

Fippil,  to  ivhunper  or  Job,  to  utier  a  plaintive  foundy  to 
behave  unmanlike.  ijaii.Jlipper,  to  fhed  tears,  to  cry. 
Svved.  ficper,  a  filly  fellow  j  fUpa^  plorare. 
Firron,  Farrcn,  of  pine  tree.     Sax.  furh-vudu.     Teut. 
iiuyren-hout,    pinus,  abies.      Jt  is  worthy  of   notice, 
that  the  Teut.  word  13  commonly  placed  among  the 
derivatives  oifuyr,  ignis  ;    fo  thatj^V  feems  to  have 
fignified  orignally^rf-iyoo^. 
Firth,  Friths  au  arable  farm  ;  exteiifve  cultivated  felds, 
or  perhaps  any  fecure  place  of  rejidence  or  poffefftons 
within  a  wood.     The  word   feems   to  be  merely  a 
variation  of  the  O.  F,ngl.  or   Sax.  worthy  praedium, 
fundus.     **  O'er  iirth  and  fell,"  over  cultivated  and 
pajiure  fields.     Skinner  tranflates  this  expreffionyi"'Z/e 
per  fylvatn^  five  per  ca?npumy  but  upon  what  authori- 
ty I  cannot  difcover.     For,  although  the  Sax.  frith 
and  grifh  tranilated  ^^  pax,""  (and  alfo  ufed  iov  fane- 
tuary^  are  evidently  the  fame  word,  with  the  fame 
^derivatives  in  the  fame  fcnfe,   it  is  not   thereby  af- 
.certained  that  either  of  them  fignified  a   wood  \    on 
the  contrary,  in  various  inflances  frith  appears  in  a 
ftate  of  contra-diftinftion  to  wood  ;  as, 
He  had  both  hallys  and  boury?, 
ir-jihes.,  fayr  forefls  wyth  floury s. 

Romance  lif  Emare. 
3y  forcft,  and  hj  fry  the.     Ibid. 
When  thei  fing  loud  infrithe,  or  in  foreft. 

\.  Chaucer. 

It  is  aimoft  needlefs  to  remind  the  reader  that  Eng- 
lifh  f  ithj  jefiuarium,  has  no  connection  whatever 
with  the  word  under  confideration,  either  in  its 
meaning  or  derivation.  The  termination y^ir^i may, 
however,  in  fome  inflances  be  a  corruption  or  vari- 
ation oifrt-hf  particularly  in  the  name  of  a  place 
not  fituated  near  a  river. 
FiiTil,  Fillle.  to  rujik,  to  fir  i  e::  fono. 

Fit, 


Fit,  ¥jtt,Jongf  ^ort  poem  ;  more  comtnonlj  ufed  for 
a  divifion  or  portion  of  a  poem.     Sax.  Jittey    canti- 
lena. 
YWy  foot.  Fit-les,  footles.  Fitty,  Futty,  expeditious. 
Fittinment,  expl.  footings  eflablifhment^  concern.    Vulg, 
Fit  (led,  the  print  of  the  foot  ;  from  Stead. 
FlafF,  to  flap,  as  a  bird  doth  its  wings. 
Flagairies,  gewgaws,  vagaries., 

Flaggis,  Y\71lUc\\X.s,  fudden  hlufls  of  wind,  or  of  wind  and 

rain.     Flaggis  of  fjre,  flafhes   of  fire ;  from  Teut. 

iflaeghe,  procella,  tempeftas.  Gvichflaiche,  a  blaft  of 

wind. 

Flain,  plane,  arrow.  Flanys,  arrows.  Szx.fan,  fagitta, 

jaculum.  Goth.fein,  hafta. 
Flain,  Flane,  having  the  Jkin  pulVd  off.     Sax.  flean,  ex- 

coriare. 
Flakes,  Plates,  hurdles,  fnch  as  are  nfed  in  Ihecp  mar- 
kets   for    making    fmall   inclofures.     Teut.  vlaecf'^,. 
crates. 
Flamit.  See  Fleme,  to  hanifh. 
Flane.  See  Flain,  arrow. 

Flap,  flap,  blow,  the  found  thcrehy  produced. 
Flat,  to  flatter. 
Flaught,^«/Z'.  See  Flaggis. 

Flaughts,  handfuUs  ;  corr.  of  claughts  from  claws. 
Flajt,  Flate,  did  fly  te,  folded.  See  Fljte. 
Flatlings,^^//),',  lying  flatly. 
Flaw.  See  Flaggis,  blafls  ;  alfo,  did  fly. 
¥lavie,  yellow.  lLa.t.flivt/s. 
¥\a.nchtcr,  flaying.   See  Flain. 

Flauchter-feal,  long  turf  cut  with  aflnughterfpadc. 
Flauchter-fpade,  a  fpade  for  fl  tying  ox  paring  off  the 

furface  of  the  ground.  See  Flain. 
Flaughtbred,  expl.  hrijhly,  fiercely  ;  rather  perhaps  the 
fame    with    Bellj-flaught,    fir  etched   flit    on    the 
ground. 
Flawkertis,  expl.  gaiters,  hootSj  armour  for  the  legs. 
Fie,  Fley,   Fieg,   to  frighten.    Fleit,  frightened.     Sax. 
flion,  fugare ;  flyge,  fuga  ;    or  rather  from  Fr.   cf- 
frayer. 

Fkdgear, 


Fl Fl. 

Fledgear,   Fledgeour,  a   niaher  of  arrows  ;    ivova  Fr. 

Jlechcy  fagitta. 
Fleich,  to  flattery  to  coax.    YW\c\izx\d.y  flattery  ^  coaxing. 

Teut.  vleydeiiy  blandiri,  adulari,  aflentari. 
Fleim.  See  Fleme,  to  hanijh. 

Fleit,  to  run  from.  Teut.  vlieteriy  fluere,  abundare. 
Flekker,  Flikker,  to  flutter,  tofhake,  properly,  accords 

ing  to  the   manner  in  which  a  bird   moves  its  luing?. 

Teut.  flaggheren^  vlicheleny  volitare. 
TlekkytjJpotted^fjUeci/edy  from  Teut.flec/^,  macula. 
Fleme,  Fleim,  to  hanifh  or  expell,  to  drive  away.     Sax. 

flymaUy  in  exilium  mittere,  ex  legem  reddere. 
Flendris,  ¥lendcts,fplinters,  pieces  ;  quaHfl/idula:,  from 

Yr.fendre,  or  L.2.t.  flndere,  to  fplit. 
Fleoure,  Yleuve,  fme//y  odour,  commonly  in  a  bad  fenfe» 

Yv.  flair,  odor,   "  flavour." 
Flefchour,  butcher,  Teut.  vleefch-houwer,  carnifex. 
Flete.  See  Fleit,  to  flow,  to  float.  Y\ei,  floated. 
Flewet,  expl.  afmart  blow.  [Yr.fleau,  flagellum.]} 
Fleukes,  Flouks,  floundersyjo/es. 
Fley.   See  Fie,  to  terrify. 
Flikker.  See  Flekker,  to  flutter. 
Fling,  to  throw,  to  kick,  toflrike  backward,  like  a  horle 

with  his  hind-feet,     [^wedi.flenga,  percutere  ;  or  it 

may  originally  have  lignified  only  to  thiow  darts  or 

javelins  ;  from  Sax. flan,  jaculum.] 
Flilk,  to  move  about  in  an  idle  manner,  to  frijk. 
Flitcher.  See  Flekker,  toflutter. 
Flitt,  to  remove^    particularly  in  the  fenfe  of  from  one 

dwelling  place  to  another.  Dan.^/^r,  commigro. 
Flocht,yfi7r,  terror,  anxiety  ;  from  Fleg,  to  terrify. 
Flodder,  Flottir,  to  overflow,   to  befmear,   or  bejputter.. 

Dan.  flyder,  demano  ;  flod,  inundatio- 
Floudht,  flight,  did  fly  or  flutter. 
Fludder,  eyi^\.frotick. 
Flum,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  flood,  in  the  feufe  of  flumert 

ingenii,  a  fpeat  of  language. 
Flume  or  Y\t\xm&,  phlegm. 

Flung,  baflled,  deceived  ;  q.  thrown  off  i   from  Fling. 
Flureis,  Flurys,  to  flourifh  or  bloom. 
Flufch,  a  pool.  Sd.x.flcwfa,  fluxus,  piofluvium. 

Fltnd-, 


Fl.  Fo. 

FIjrand,  ^xt^\.  JJeeringf  flaunting.  Szx.fleardiany  nugjfrl.' 

Fljte,  Flite,  to  fcoldy  to  chide,  to  rally.  Sz^i.flitanydK- 
putare,  jurgari,  contendere.  Tcut.yiuyten,  mentirii 
mendacio  ludos  aliqui  facere. 

TlytcTyOne  addi£led  to  fcolding.  Sax.7?//fr,  rabula. 

Yodiyto generatCyOX  to  ufe  the  means.  ScsLndi  Jceda,  gig- 
nere,  futuere.  .  ^ 

Fodge,  Fadge,  large  bannocks  Sax.yoc^,  panis  fub-cinere 
piftus. 

Fode,  Foode,  perhaps  leader,  chieftain.  Swed.  fogde. 
Teut.  voht,  voghty  prsefeftus  ;  qui  provinciam  regis 
vel  magnatis  alicujus  gubernandam  fufeepit ;  praetor, 
&c.  Probably  the  mod  antient  form  of  the  word  is 
the  Sax.  theodn,  gubernator,  nearly  allied  to,  if  not 
the  fame  ^\xh.,thegn,  thanus.  This  -word  foode  oc- 
curs in  the  prophetic  legend  of  Thomas  the  Rhymer,- 
St.  26  and  ^6.  See  Vol.  III.  p.  132,  where,  how- 
ever, it  has  been  rafhly  and  un-neceffarily  altered  to  • 
hrude.  • 

¥og,.mofsi  FoggSLge,  after  grafs. 

Fon,  Fonner,  to  fondle,  to- embrace. 

Fond,  to  defire  enrneflly.     ^?i^.  fundiani  avide  expetere. 

Fond,  Found,  went ;  from  Sax.  fundan,  adire. 

Fonding,  Fanding,  effort,  endeavouring. 

Fone,foe.f  ;  q.  foen,  the  plural  of  foe. 

For  fa  mekill,  forafmuch. 

For-beft,  expl.  baffled',  q.  fore  huffed',  from  '^t.huffc- 

Forbeiraris,  Forberis,  ancejiors,  forefathers, 

For-bodin,  ill  fated,  unhappy,  unlucky.  Teut.  veur- 
bode,  prasfagium. 

For-breift,yo?v  part  of  a  coat  or  vefl.    Teut.  vcuir^lforfty^^ 
thorax. 

For-by,  hejides,  beyond^  over  and  above  ,•  Teut."  veur- 
bit,  trans,  pra^ter,  ultra. 

Forbye,  along  in  front,  along  before^ 

For-byfning,  prototype,  exemplar.   Sax.  omen. 

Forceats,  flaves,  galley  flaves.  Fr.  forceat. 

Forcy,  Forfy,  Forty,  violent.  Teut.  fortfigb,  audax. 

Fordel,  the  firfl  place  ;  the  fore  moft  or  heft  fhare  ;  from 
Dele. 
Vol.  IV.  K  For-dele, 


To,  Fo. 

For-dek,  to  wafle  ;  as  tf^  to  difirihute  or  part  with  tod 
many  Jhires.  See  Dele. 

For-doverit,  Fordowerit,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  overtoihdt 
exhaujied  with  fatigue.   See  Dover. 

Fordwartis^fl^??/!?^^,  agreements,  conditions.  Sax.  for- 
ward. Te«t.  feur-waerdey  q.  d.  feur-woord^  fore- 
word, paftam,  faedus,  conventum. 

For- dull,  to  make  dull,  or  fad. 

For-djnn,  to  make  a  great  noife,  to  echo,  to  refound.  See 
Dynn. 

Fore-fpeaker,  advocate.  Szth.  fore-fpecca^  prolocutor. 

Fore-ltam,  the  fern  or  prow  of  a  fjyip,  prora  ;  hence  it 
alfo  ^gm^i&sfore-head. 

For-fairn,  decayed,  wafled,  exhaujied.  Sax.  for'faren. 
Teut.  vervaeren,  perire,  evanerc,  evanefcere. 

Forfalt,  Forfault,  to  forfeit ;  from  Fr.  forfaire,  forif- 
facere.  The  fame  word  is  alfo  explained,  lojl,  ex- 
haufled. 

Forfet,  expl.  ruin  ;  may  rather  mean  perhaps  offence^ 
tranfgrefjion.  Yx.forfaiB,  mifdeed.  See  f'orfalt. 

l^ov-^ilX-tn,  feverely  folded.   See  Fljte. 

For-fochin,  fatigued  or  exhaufled  with  fghting,  or  with 
any  violent  exercife. 

For-gadder,  to  meet,  to  encounter.  Teut.  vcr-gadercn, 
congregare. 

For-gane,  For^enft,  over  againfi,  oppofite  to. 

Forge,  uW^  towards,  met  ;  corr.  from  fured,  went. 

For-headie,  cenforious.  Scand.  foerhada,  ludibrio  ha- 
bere. 

For  how,  toforfakey  toahajidow,  from  Scand.  for -h^fua, 
fuperhabere,  eontemnere. 

For-howar,  defertcr.  See  For-how. 

For-Iane,  to  give  or  grant.  Scand.  forleena,  conce- 
dere. 

For-lane,  all  alone,  quite  alone. 

For-lay,  to  lie  in  ambujjj.  Teut.  verlaeghen,  infidiari. 

For-leit,  Forlete,  to  abandon,  to  quit,  to  forfake,  to  give 
over,  to  relinquifh.  Teut.  vcrlaeten,  relinquere,  de- 
folare.  Goth,  fraletan,  dimittere. 

For-leith,  to  loath^  to  abhor.    Sax.  lathian^  deteftari. 

For-loppin, 


Fo.  -... .  .    .    Fo. 

For-loppin,  fugitive,  vagabond,  renegndoc,     Teut.  vcr- 

loopen,  transfugere,  vagari.  See  Lowp. 
Vov-Xove,  forlorn.  Teut.  ver-loren,  perditus  ;  from  loor^ 

melancholicus,  triftis. 
For-lyne,  lay  fnfully  with.     Scand.  foerligga,  vitiofe 

cubare. 
For-mekil,  very  great.  See  Mekil. 
Forne,  Forrow,  To-forne,  before,  formerly,  heretofore. 

Scd.x\d.for/i,  prseteritus,  antiquus. 
Foroutin,  Forowtjn,  without.  SAX.for-utan,  fine. 
YoY-pn,  fourth  part  of  a  peck. 
¥orvay, forage,  plunder.  Fr.fourrage. 
Forraj-,  to  forage,  to  over- run.  Fr.forer. 
Forret,  corrup.  offore-head,  front. 
For-rew,  to  repent  exceedingly.    For-rwyd,  repented  ex- 
ceedingly. See  R.ew,  to  repent. 
Forrow,  before. 
Forrow,  Farrow,  barren,  that  yields  no  milk  ;  perhaps 

q.  fallow. 
For-fpeak,  to  injure  by  immoderate  praife.    For-fpoken, 

bewitched,  &c.  See  Forefpeaker. 
For-ftaw,  to  underjlund.  Swed.  forflae.  Dan.  forflaar. 

Teut.  verfaen,  intelligere. 
Forfj.  See  Fortj,  violent. 
Forlhi,  For-thy,  bj  corruption  For-quhj,  becaufe,  for 

this  reafon  that.     Sax.  fortha,  quia,  propterea.     in 

moil  cafes   the   point  of  interrogation  after    **  for 

quhy"   is    erroneous.      Not   for-thy,    not  for    all 

that. 
For  til.  For  to,  to. 
For  tilles,  fortrefs,  fortalics. 
For-thynk,  to  difiurbt   to  fll  with  petplexing  thoughts. 

^zyi.  for-thcncant  diffidcre. 
Foity,  Forfy,  violer,t,Jicrce.  TcMt.  fortfgh,  audax. 
For-wakyt,  exhauficd  by  lying  long    awake.     It  might 

alfo  lignify  i3U7/^r//iv/;  from  Teut.  ver-wecken,  fuf- 

citare. 
lor-way,  expl.  to  wander,  to  go  afltay,  to  err.  It  may 

alfo  fignify  to  get  before  upon  a  road,    or  to  way-Jay. 

Scajid.  faerivaeg,  prrecurrere,  ut  alteri  infidias  ftru- 

at. 

For.worthin, 


Fq.  Fr. 

For.worthin,  umvorthy^  "g^yt  hateful. 

For-yet,  For-yhet,  to  forget.     Foryettin,  Far-yhottyti, 

forgotten. 
For-yeild,   repay y   reward,  and  by  confeq.  to  furnifh  ; 

iVom  Sax.  gildan^  folvere. 
Fofs,  "  ane  pit  or  fowfte^  quhairin  wemen  condemxiit 

for  theft  fuld  be  drownit."     Skene. 
l^oHeTy  pf  ogefiy.  Scznd.fojier,  partus,  progenies. 
Foftel,  Voftell,  veffel^Jhip. 
Fotch,  /o  fhftot  change  the  cattle  in  a  plough,  [^Swcd. 

forka,  urgere  ;  fortgaiig,  fucceffus.] 
Fouchtyn,yb«j|'^^.  Teut.  fohten. 
Found,  Fond,  to  go  j  alfo  went,  marched.  Sax.  fundan, 

adire. 
Fpune,  belonging  to  fawns. 
Foufome,  clumfy^  hoyden-wfe  ;  c^.  foulfoine . 
Foufy,  Fowfie,  ditch.  Yx.foffe. 
Fow,  Vol.  II.  p.  256.  perhaps  knap-Jack.  \Jir.fouillouff 

a  bag  or  fcrip.]  According  to  Mr  Pinkerton,  a  cluh. 
Fow,yi///,  drunk' 
Fowth,  Fouth,  fullnefs,  plenty,  abundance  ,•  from  Fow, 

fully  qazd  fulth,  as  wealth  from  wea/y  to  choole. 
Foy,  a  treat  given  to  friends  by  one  who  is  going  abroad. 

Teut.  defoy  geven. 
Foyn,  Foynzee,   the   wood  martin  or  beech  martin  \  a 

kind  of  pole-cat ;  muftela  feu  viverra  quaedam  lep- 

tentrionalis,  muflela  foenaria.  Fr.  fouine,  martes. 
Foyfoun,  YcyiiXXi,  fuhjicuice,  fapy  Jirength. 
^oT.yyfpungy,foft.  Teut.  voosy  voofgy  fpongiofua. 
Fra,  Fray  {niod  )  fi3.e,from. 
!Frak,  Frack,  freight,   cargo,     Teut.    vracht,     Swed. 

frakt,  vedio,  yetliira ;  naulum,  portorium. 
Frak,  nimble,  fwift.  Frakax,  nimbler yfwifter.  Fracklie, 

ninthly,  fwiftly,  fpeedily. 
Frak,  to  move  fiviftly,  to  glide,   to  flaffj.     Ruddinian 

brings  y>-^i  from  Sax.  fraecy    profugus  ;  or  from 

Teut.  vrachty  vectio.     See  Flaggis. 
I^rais,  Frafe,  to  vfe  more  words  or  '*  phrafes*''  than  are 

necejjaryy  to  provoke  with  idle  palaver.    [Goih.frai- 

fan,  tentare.]     Frais  is  A^o  ufed  by  Ghw.  I^ouglas 

in 


Fr.  ■  Fr. 

in  the  fenfe  of  to  crojh  or  to  make  a  crajhing  noife  ; 
from  Swed./ra/a,  crepitare. 
Fraift,  ex)pl.Jlrive,  try.  \OoX\\.fratfan^  tentare.] 
Frait,  Fray  it,  afraid,  frightened. 

Frane,  Frayn,   to  enquire^  to  ajkj    to  dejtre.     Franand, 

ajkingj  defiring.  'lent,  vraeghen,  Goth,  fraihuan,  in- 

terrogare,  quxrere.    The  word  alfo  occurs  as  an  ab» 

breviation  of  refrain. 

'Frznchis  fan^Iurjrjff  afy/um.    Fr,francJjife  j  iKo  liber-' 

olity^  generofity. 
Frate,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  noifcy    crackingy   fuch  as  th? 
noife  made  bj  two  cables  rubbing  againfl  one  ano- 
ther with  violence. 
Fratit,  expl.  vorought. 
F'rature,  Fraterie,  Fratcr-houfe^  dining  apartment  in  a 

monajiery.  Lat. 
Fraucht.  See  Frack,  cargo. 
Frawart,  Fraw  full, /ro'UJflr^,  cr  of s^  untoward '^  ({.from- 

ward.  ^z.x.  framveard. 
Frzy'ity  afraid ;  alio,  engaged  in  tumu/t.  Fr, 
Fve,  excellent^  bountiful.  Freidom,  generofty^  liberality. 

Frely,  liberally. 
Fre,  expl.  lady.  [Swed.yrj/,  matrona.] 
Freik,  Freke,  yc/Zoit;  ,•  but  more  commonly  petulant  or 
forward  young  man*     Scand.  fraeck^  tumidus,  info- 
lens  ;  alacer,    ftrenuus  ;  from  whence,  according  to 
Jhre,  the  name  of  Franks.  Scand.  reke^  athleta. 
Freinyie, yr/«g-f. 
Freith,  to  prote&y  to  help  ;  from  the  fame  origin  with 

Firth,  viz.  Sax.frithian,  protegere  ;  fritb,  pax. 
Fteils,fuperfitious  fayings  or  proverbs  -,  perhaps  from 
Scand.  fraegdf  fa  ma,  rumor  ;  or  quafi  frights,  as 
hath  been  conjeftured. 
lpTG\egc,freedoff2y  power,  privilege.    Sa-K.freoleta,  liber- 

tus. 
Frelye,  expl.  powerful,  ^zx.freolicy  liberalis. 
Fremmyt,   Fremit,    Frem'd,  flrange,  foreign.      Teut. 
vremd.     Sax.  fremd,  peregrinus,  alienus,  extrancus, 
q.  d.  ver-kcymd,  longe  a  patria  five   demo  ;    -vel  a 
bcand.y/aw,  ab,  ex.  \J\^h,frap!nthiarcr,  peregrinus. 

Frenrhly, 


Fr.  Fu. 

Frenchlj,  gcneroujly,  frankly  ;    from  Fr.  franc,  Inge^ 

nuus. 
Frenfum,  q.  d.  Freindfome,yr:V/;i/;/.  Sc^ndi,  frandfami, 

coiifanguinitas. 
Fret,  a  hand.  Yr.fnt^  a  virrol ;  alfo  expl.  decked.     Jn 

all  thefe  fenfes,   the   derivation  may   be  from  Sax. 

thredf  filura,   as  fearn  (inteftiimm)  from  theartn. 
Freth,  to  lihcraic.  See  Firth  or  Frith. 
Frewch,  Yxwih.^  hritde.    ^zzw^.f-cvhi^  friabilis. 
Frilt,  Freft,  credit,  refpite,   trujh     Tent,  frijl,  mora^ 

tempus. 
Frith.  See  Firth,  an  arable  far?}:.  Sec. 
Fritte,  perhaps  for  Frith,  refuge,  protcBion. 
Fiodj,  expl.  cunnhig  ;  {\.  fraudy. 
Frog,  vpper  coat^  frock,  ^x.froc,  fcapulare. 
Frugge,  Rug,  a  coarfe  ivoolcn  countcrpa?ie  or  bed-cover. 

See  Frog. 
Frufch.  See  Freuch,  hrittle. 
Fnifched,  expl.  hurtled  ;  alfo  brake. 
Fruftir,  unavailing  ;   alfo  to  reader  ufcltfs.  Lat. 
Frjiic,  perhaps  ^;c/c>2/r,  prowifs  ;    from  Teut.  vrouiCj^ 

Itrenuus,  fortis,  animofus. 
'^xx,  fr  Jot,  ox  four  pecks  \  quafj,  a  f riot  full. 
Fud,  >  udc,  the  tail,  (commonly  of  hares  or  rabbits.) 

Sicamb.  fut,  futte.     Cimb.  fudy  pudenda.    l^.Jud, 

matrix. 
Fuddcr.  See  Futhir,  a  cart  Iqad.  Teut.  vocder,  vehes. 
Fuge,  Fugle,  fugitive.  Lat. 
Ym{h,feiiibed,  broiight  ;  pret.  o^  fetch. 
Fulye,  manure,  dung.  Teut.  vuyligheyd,  fordes. 
^\\\ye\X,  defied  ;  ^io  found  guilt y .  See  Fulye. 
Vninzxt,  pole-cat, Jitlimart ;  ^i.  foul- martin,  with  which 

animal  Walton    couples    the  frichat,  probably  the 

iveafel.  Teut. fret. 
Tavae, favour,  rtUfh.  Yx.fumer. 
F"umler,  Caik-fumler,  expl.  a  turn-cake  ox parofte;  or 

perhaps  a  niggardly  fellow  ;  one  who  hides,  whelms, 

or  fumlcs  his  cake,  that  nobody  muy  partake  of  it. 
Twrxxy,  foamy  ;  from  Teut.  faum,  froth. 
Fund.  See  Fdund,^  %v£nt.  Fundun,  marching.  ' 

Fandy n,  eflabUjljcd,  fettled,  founded. 

Fundvn!?-, 


Fundjng,  Fundying,  benumbing^  numhnefs  ;  nearly  the 
fame  with  foundering.    Teut.  ghe-wondt^  faucius. 

Furk,  Yxxxch?:,  gallozvs.  Lat.  barb.  Furca. 

Fure,  Fuir,  Jared,  went.  See  Fare,  to  go. 

Fure,  Jjrm,  Jrejb,  found,  in  good  plight.  Swed.  foo-y 
fanus,  bene  habens  ;  unfoer^ixS.'cvaM.s.  On  fute  fure, 
fou7id  in  the  feet. 

YvLVty  fur,  furrow.  Teut.  vorne,  fulcus. 

Fure-dayis,  Foor  dais,  late  in  the  afternoon.  S^x.forth- 
dagesy  die  declinante.  The  fame  word  might,  how- 
ever, fignify  before  day  light;  from  Teut.  veur-dagh, 
tempiis  antelucanum. 

Fut\ot,frlot  y  according  to  Skinner,  (^.feird,  ot  fourth 
lot  of  fome  larger  meafare. 

Furm,  Form,  long  fent  or  bench.    So.x.fyrmthn. 

Furthy,  ready  J  or  forward  of  fpeech,  frank. 

Fuft,  expl.  by  Lord  Hailes  roajled  •■,  <\.  fu%%ed. 

Fnte-ha.nd,  foot-guards  ;  fo  called  in  the  time  of  James 
the  Fifth. 

Fute-hett,  Fut-hait,  warm  purfuity  hard  at  the  heel', 
with  a  hot-foot. 

Fute-pack,  a  pack  which  can  be  carried  hy  a  man  on 
foot- 

Futhir,  Fudder,  indefinite  large  quantity  or  number  ; 
according  to  Skene,  128  Hones ; — to  Ray,  i6c3 
pounds  ; — to  Blount,  about  a  tun.  Teut.  <vocdt\' , 
vehes,  a  cart-load. 

Fyke,  to  fidge  or  fidget  about.  Teut.  fitkcn,  fricarc. 

Fykes,  an  itching  in  the  fundament. 

Fyleyfowl.  lyan.fuyl.  Goth,  fugle,  avis. 

Fyn«?,  end,  extremity,  height.  Lat.  Celt. 

Fynift,  bounded,  terminated. 

Fyppil.  iSee  Fippil,  to  whimper. 

Fyre-fangit,  fei%ed  by  fire.  See  Fang. 

Fyre-flaucht.  fiafly  of  lightning.  See  Flaggis,_^.^rj'. 

Fyve-h\vayfive,  about  five. 


Ga, 


Ga Ga. 


G. 


Ga,  to  go.  Gais,  goes.  Gaid,  Yeid,  ivent. 

Gab,  the  mouth.  Dan.  kiebc,  maxilla,  mandlbula. 

Gab,  GafF,  Gabble,  to  talk  idly^  to  pratCy  to  gihe. 
Swed.  gahhoy  irridere.  Teut.  gabbercjt,  nugari,  jo- 
cari. 

Gabber,  zV/<?  talker.  See  Gab. 

Gabbj,  Gabband,  loquacious,  talkative. 

Gaberlunyie-man,  a  begging  pedlar  who  went  about  the 
country  with  a  load  of  trumpery  in  a  bajket  or  wal- 
let, upon  his  loin  ;  quafi,  a  gabe7-t'loined  man  ;  from 
Fr.  gabarrey  originallj  a  wider  boat  covered  with 
leather.  See  Gabert. 

Gabert,  a  large  bark  for  carrying  goods y  a  lighter.  Fr. 
gabarrc,  garrabot,  from  Lat.  carabus,  parva  fcapha, 
ex  vimine  fafta,  contexta  corio. 

Gad,  goad.  Dan.  &  Sax.  gad^  ftimulus,  aculeus. 

Gaddyr,  to  gather.  Gadryd,  gathered.  Teut.  gaderen, 
colligere. 

Gade,  Yeid,  went.  Goth,  iddia^  ivit. 

Gad- wand,  along  rod  with  ajharp point  at  the  end,  for 
driving  yoke  oxen.  See  Gad. 

Gaffer,  garrulous  or  talkative  perfon.  See  Gab.  O. 
Engl,  gaffer  was,  however,  a  refpedful  appellation, 
equivalent  to  good  father,  or  perhaps  to  Sax.  gefere, 
focius. 

Gail,  Gale,  to  pierce,  as  with  a  loud  and  fhrill  noife. 
111.  at  gala,  aures  obtundere. 

Gainyng,  (O.  EngJ.)  Gainage,  the  flock  upon  a  farm,  a 
perfo?i's  capital.  Sax.  ge-ahnian,  pofliders,  q.  oiunijig 
or  property.  It  might  alfo  fignifj  the  utenjils.  See 
Gane,  toferve. 

Gaift,  ghojl.  Sax.  Swed.  6cc.  gajl,  fpe^lrum. 

Gait,  road,  f  reel.  Swed.  gata.  Ulph.  gatuo,  platea. 

Gait,  goats ;  as  Iheep  denotes  the  plural  as  well  as  the 
lingular  nntnber.  Sax«  ^r/,  capri. 

Gair. 


Gsi.  -^—  Ga. 

Gair.  SeeGare,  a  narrow  Jlip  of  fertile  grafs  :  Alfo  ra* 
pacious  ;  from  Swed.  karrigy  avarus. 

Gairtone  berrjis.  See  Garten  berries,  bramble  ber-*' 
ries^- 

Gaizlings,  q.  Goflings,  j/(?««^  g^^f- 

Gale,  Gail,  to  fingy  to  call  in  the  manner  of  a  bird. 
S"wedi  ga/d.  H^iVi.galer.  Ifl.  ^a/Z^r,  cantare. 

Gallafches,  wooden  fhoes^  pair  of  clogs,  fir ong  fhoes  ha- 
ving part  of  the  upper  leather  double.  Fr.  galo- 
gi  es, 

Gaines,  Galmen,  affythmenty  a  fine  paid  in  goods  or 
money  to  the  relations  of  a  perfon  who  had  been 
flain  bj.  culpable  homicide,  or  in  a  fudden  fit  of  mad- 
nefs  ;  may  perhaps  have  fome  aflinity  with  1(1.  gaily 
galiUf  gainings  infanus,  furens  ;  galnas,  infanire  ;  ga- 
hnfkapy  infania ;  q.  payment  for  one's  madnefs.  Or  not 
improbably  may  be  a  corruption  of  Ganyeild,  re- 
compence.  \\^.  gilldey  aeftimium  hominis  ;  algillde,- 
aequalis  talio  ;  gilldingy  seftimatio.] 

Galore,  Gilore,  plenty y  great  plenty.  Gael,  guloir,  e^ 
nough. 

Galy,  expl.  reel;  tLhhrev.  of  galliard,  a  quick  dance. 

Galyeard,  Gaillard,  brijk,  fprightlyy  lively y  chearful, 
Fr.  gaillard^  alacer;  vividus,  hilaris  ;  from  Sax.  gah 
Teut.  geil,  libidinofus,  luxurians,  falax,  petulans. 

Galyeardlie,  gallantly. 

Gam,  game.  Gammys,  games. 

Gammys,  Gams,  gums.  Teut.  gaum,  palatum. 

Gambettis,  gambols,  the  flouffling  and  flinging  of  an  a-, 
gile  dancer.  Fr.  gambade,  crurum  jactatio  ;  fronl 
jambe,  crus^ 

Gamefons,  Gamyfouns,  armour  for  the  breafl  and  bel- 
ly ;  Mr  Pinkerton  {?ijsfor  the- legs.  Fr.  gamboifon\ 
anciently  wambafia,  a  horfeman's  quilted  coat. 

Gamountis, //»z3j,  all  below  the  waifl.  It  is  alfo  ufed 
in  the  fame  fenfe  with  Gambettis. 

Gan,  began  ;  fometimes  written  Can.- 

Qane,  gone.  See  Gang,  to  go. 

Gane,   mouth,   throat  ,•     (lightly   varied   from   Teut. 
gaum,  palatum.     Ruddiman  here  adduces  Sax.  gin, 
riftus. 
Vol.  IV.  L  Gant, 


Ga. Gj. 

Gant,  to  yawn  ;  perhaps  from  Gan^,  mouth. 

Gane,  Gain,  to  fervcy  to  fuffice,  or  be  fufficient  Jon 
Ganand,  fervin^,  fufficient  for  ;  tMcx^  feafonabh ^fHtt- 
able  to.  Swed.  gagna,  gena^  prodeffe  ;  gen,  utilia. 

Ganeft,7iV/^,  mojl  fuitahle  \  quafi,  tnoji  guinancl.  Swed. 
gagnelig,  commodus,  utilis. 

Gang,  to  gOy  to  walk.  Gaid,  went.  Ttnt,  gaen.  Gotliv 
gaggan,  ire. 

Gangaris,  /eeL 

Gangarel,  a/lit.  gr.  for  Hangrail ;  alfo  a  child  heghming 
to  walk.    Swed. 

Ganfald,  Ganfell,  expl.  afsvere  rebuke. 

Gantreis,  Jlands  for  ale  barrels  \  q.  gitrn-trees^  from 

,  lian.  gaerende,  fermenting.  See  Gosn,  a  wooden 
veJfeL 

Ganye,  Gainye,  Genyie,  Gayayhe,  arrow^  dart^  j-ave- 
lirt.     Ifl.  gana,  prseceps  nio,  pernix  volare.     [Teut. 

.  ganfey  anler,  "  goofe  wing." J  Mr  Macpherfon  refers 
it  to  Ir.  gaine,  reed,  caiie. 

Ganyeild,  requital^  recompencey  due  reward^  perhaps 
from  gauy  i.  e.  again^  &.  gildan,  folvere.  Engi.  _y<V/r/. 
The  Scots  Law  term  galnes,  is  probably  a  corrup- 
tion of  this  word. 

Gappoks,  Gappoks  of  Ikate,  gobbet s^  ntorfdsy  pieces  of 
Jkate  ;  from  Gab^  mouth. 

Gar,  to  caufe,  to  force.  Garrand,  caujing,  forcing.^ 
Gart,  caufedy  forced,  Dati.  gior.  Swed.  giora^  fe- 
cere. 

Garde vyance,  cabinet,  buttery.  Fr.  g<tf'd  de  liLmdes. 

Gardy,  the  arm.  Gardeis,  Gardis,  the  arms  ;  ''becaufe 
they  ferve  as  guards  to  the  body."  Hence  Garde- 
brace,  armour  for  the  arm.  Fr. 

Gare,  Gair,  afpot  ox  Jlip  of  tender  fertile  grafs  on  a 
barren  mountain  ox  heath.  ^£Qxxti  gaer^  maturus,  per- 

,    coftus. 

Gare,  (Gaw.  Dougla?,  pro!.  8.)  coarfe.  Gare  woll, 
w6ol  of  inferior  quality.  See  31.  Edw.  III.  cap.  8/ 
&  expl.  lana  vilior.  it  may  have  been  wool  laid  a- 
fide  to  be  given  to  "  beggars,"  according  to  the 
common  cuftom.  \Ji&\\X.  giteren,  aggregate,  colli- 
gere,] 

Gare, 


Ga.  — L^ Ge. 

Oare,  Gair,  folicitousy  rapacious  ;  from  Swed.  karrigj 

^irigy  avarus. 
Garnifon,  garrtfon,  a  party  or  body  of  men,    in  which 
fenfe  the  Lat.  pr^fidium  is  alfo  often  taken.     Dan. 

Garni  fli,  to  garrifon,  or  Jill  a  fort  ivith  men. 

.G.Ririte,  top  of  a  hill,  a  watch  tower.  Fr.  garitef  pro- 
pugnaculi  turris,  perfugiurn. 

Garritour,  watchman,  whether  he  be  placed  on  the  top 
of  a  houfe  or  a  hill. 

Garfon,  attendant.  Fr.  garcon^  boy,  ftripling. 

Gart,  caufed,  forced.    Se:e  Gar,  to  caufe. 

Gartens,  garters.  Fr.  from  Swed.  giorda,  cingere. 

Garten-berries,  Lady  garten  berries,  bramble  berries^ 
rubus  fru6licofus  ;  perhaps  from  Sax  ge-werdan, 
nocere,  lieder^. 

Gzxih, garden,  yardy  or  inclofure.  S2.X.  g£ard.  Swed. 
gaord,  fepimentum  j  giorda,  cingere. 

G'iQxtfedate,  fagac'totis.   ¥1.  fagace,  from  Lat. 

.Gaffie,  Gaucie,  plump.  [O.  Fr.  gauffee,  jucunda.] 

jGailrel,  Caftrel,  a  kind  ofhawke.  Fr.  cercerelle. 

Gate.  See  Q^XtyJireet,  road,  manner,  method, 

Gatt,  got,  begot.  Sax. 

Gaude,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  a  cunning  tric^,  a  ridiculous 
prank  ;   from  Fr.  gaudir,  jocari. 

Giiiikie,  id.'e  wanton  girl,  foolifh  per  fen.  See  Gowk. 

fjzyXtx,  jailer  y  from  Fr.  ^  Celt,  geol,  career. 

^ayfened,  Gyfened,  become  haky  from  want  of  moif 
ture.  S\ve6.  gijina^  gifna,  to  ikrivk.  Wcl.  gwyjien, 
aridus  ;  gijla,  ficcare,  arefacere. 

Gearking,  vajn.  See  Geek,  to  deride. 

Geek,  to  affume  fcornful  airs,  to  deride,  to  mode,  to  jilt. 
Teut.  gecken,  be-ghecken,  deiidcre. 

Geeks,  Gekks,^^wj  of  derifon.  See  Geek. 

Ged,  the  fifli  called  a  pike. 

Ged-ftafF,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  a  fed,  (river,)  or  Jed- 
burgh Jiaff,  thus  mentioned  by  Major ;  ♦*  Ferrum 
chalybeum  4  pedibus  longum  in  robufti  ligni  extre- 
me Jeduardienfes  artifices  ponunt,  &c.  The  phtafe 
''  Jeihart  ftaffs  and  Kelfcf  rungs"  is  ftill  common. 

Gee, 


Ge.  ■■      .      Gi. 

<Jee,  jit  of  fichnefs  ;  laXiofulky  Jit.  Tcut.  ^hichte,  ner- 
vorum refolutio, 

Qeig,  Jeig,  Jirg,  to  make  a  noife  like  that  of  a  cart  wheel 
in  want  of  greafing  ;  ex  fono. 

Geil-pokkis,  expl.Jelljf  bags.  Fr. 

Geir,  Gear,  goods,  effeSlt,  money ^  wealth  ;  anciently  ap- 
parel, accoutrements ,  Sax.  geara,  bona,  veftitus,  fa- 
cultates,  artium  inllrumenta,  &.  alia  qusevis  utenfi- 
lia.  According  to  Rudcliman,  from  Sax.  gearfian^ 
(meaning  gearcian)  parare,  prseparare. 

Geillis,  Geftes,  exploits,  aclions,  adventures  ;  but  more 
commonlj  the  hiflories  of  them.  Lat.  res-gejice,  or 
gejla. 

Geiftis,  Geftes, yo/y?j  of^foor, 

Geit  for  Cheit^  cheat. 

Gemmel,  twin,  twins,  Lat.  gemelli. 

Gent,  Gend,  gentile,  neat,  elegant,  n)aln,faucy,  mce  j  al- 
fo  a  perfon  of  honourable  birth,  or  of  honourable  con- 
du£i. 

Gentles,  people  of  honourable  birth.  Fr.  gentil. 

Gentrice,  Gentrys^  honourable  birth,  honourable  conduSl. 
Fr.  gentilleffe. 

Gers,  grafs.  Gerfy,  groffy.  Sax.  Teut.  Scand.  &c. 

Gerfum.  See  Giaflum,  entry-money.  Sax. 

Gefning,  Geftning,  Gueftning,  hofpitality,  hofpitnhle 
reception,  ^zs..  gyjl-fele.  I'ii..  gijlning,  hoi-^xiwxva  \ 
from  gejl,  hofpes. 

Gefts.  See  Geifts,  exploits,  narratives  of  exploits. 

Get,  Jett,  fudden  motion  or  fpring ;  to  walk  with  a 
proud  gait.  Yx.jetter. 

Gethornis,  Gythornis,  G'WXexnes,  guitars  ;  alfo  written 
.Citerns,  Citherns  ;  all  from  Lat.  cithara. 

Gett.  See  Gait,  goats. 

Gett,  Get,  Gete,  child,  offspring  ;  now  ufed  only  in  a 
contemptuous  way  ;   alfo  begot. 

Gettis,  get  ye. 

Gettling,  a  young  child  ;  dimin.  of  Gfett. 

Gie,give.  Gies,  gives.  Gied,gave.  Gifn,  Gene,  ^Z- 
ven. 

,Gif,  if  Sax.  gif  fi  i  from  gifan,  dare,  q.  d.  given. 

Giglet, 


Gi.  Gi. 

Giglet,  Gill  at,  a  merry  or  laughing  girl;  from  Gigle, 

to  laugh.  Sax. 
Gil,  hole^  cavern  ;  perhaps  fiom  Scand.  vel  111.  gia,  hi- 
atus mentis. 
Gild,  clamour,  convivial  noije,  liter  ally  jelling.     Belg. 

ghillenp  ftridere  ;  whence  Lane,  gill-hootcr,  an  ovvl. 
Gile-fat,   the  vat  or  vejjel  in  which  malt  liquor  is  b>  eu-~ 

ed ;  perhaps  from  ii^.n.  gaer,  jeaft. 
Gil],  Gil,    fuppofed   to  mean  fometimes  child  in  the 
ancient  fenfe  of  young  gentleman  ;    but  more   fre- 
quently perhaps  the  fame  with  Gael,  gille,  a   man- 
fervant. 
Gillie,  hoy,  lad,  man-fervant ;  a  derifory  diminutive  of 

Gill,  quafi  chieldle. 
Gillie-gapou£,yi/i////6  j/ow«^  fellow,  one  who  is  always 

gaping  at  wonders.  See  Gill. 
Gilt,  money.    Teut.  gelt.    Sax.  &  Goth,  gild  ;  whence 

gold. 
Gilty,  Gilted,  golden,  gilded ;  from  Sax.  gyldan. 
Gim,  Jim,  Gimp,  Jimp,  tight,  neat,  trim,Jlender,  hand- 

fome,  well  drejfed. 
Gimmer,  a  ewejheef>  in  its  fecond  year,  cr  from  the  fir Jl 
to  the  fecond  fhearing,     ^'wed.  gimmer.      \^..  gimhur, 
gemhel,  ovicula  ;    gumfe.  aiies  j  q.  gome,  vel  inaritus 
ovium. 
Gimmcr-lamb,   the  lamb  of  a  gimmer  ;    alfo  ewe  lamh, 

i.  e.  female  lamb. 
Gin.   See  Gyne,  ingenuity. 
Gin,  if ;  q.  d.  gien  or  given.  See  Gif. 
Gird,  a  hoop,  commonly  made    of  a  hazel  rod.     Sax. 
^<rr^,  viiga.     Dan.  ^j/r^f,  cyngiilum.    Goth,  gairda, 
zona. 
Gird,  to  heat  with  a  rod,    to  flrike,   to  pierce,   (Gaw. 
Douglas,)  hence  alio,  to  contend  with  Jharp  vjords  in 
jeft  or  in  earneft. 
.Gird,  a  flroke,  blow,   a  tricky  a  circumvention,  accord- 
ing to  Ruddinian,  quafi,  going  af'out  one. 
Girdel,  Girdle,  G riddel,  a  bake-Jlone,  or  thin  circular 
plate  of  iron   upon   which   cakes   arc  baked;  corr.  of 
gridiron,  craticula,    which  is   iiow   iifcd  in  a  more 
confined  fenfe  ;,   from   I''r.   gredUhr,   to   fcorch,  to 

broil. 


Cf.   Gl. 

broil,  to  crumple  with  heat.  Swed.  griffel^  pala,  cuj 
imponitur  paiiis,  furno  iiiferendas;  a ^/vf ^.'/«,  panenf 
.coquere  ;  didum  fullle  gr<edjcL 

Girdyng,  Gyvihyn,  girth,  furaiigle.   See  Gird. 

Girg,  Jirg,  to  make  a  creaking  notfe. 

Giro,  a  fnare  or  gin.  8wcd.  gam,  (yarn,)  rete. 

Girnell,  a  corruption  pi  granary.   Fr.  grenier. 

Girnell,  to  hoard  up  in  gra?iarics. 

Girth,  Girthol.  fanduary,  place  of  refuge  ;  from  Sax. 
grith,  Cthe  fame  with  frith,)  pax  ;  grith  hrec,  C'antl 
frith-brcc,')  a  breach  of  the  peace,  Swed.  grid,  pax^ 
vitse  ir.embrorumque  incolumitas  ;  whence  Engl. 
greet.  Grith  is  alfo  ufcd  by  Chaucer  (ov peace,  bkin- 
iier  derives  girthol  from  Sa::.  geard,  habitaculum, 
regio  ;  &  bal,  falvus,  vel  halig.  fatidus.  The  Sax. 
geard  is.  however,  nothing  more  than  yard  or  inch' 
fure  \  from  Swed.  giorda,  cingere. 

Gife,  gu'i/e,  m<inncr  ;  in  compofition  wife  ;  as  in  like- 
wife.    Fr.  guf,  modus,  ratio. 

Gifl-irroe,  Giil'arne,  accor.ling  to  Skene,  a  hand-ax,  a 
halhert,  a  hHl.  Span.  &  Lat.  bifarmay  from  its  hav- 
ing two  faces  or  edges.  Fr.  gitifarme. 

Cits,  Gide,  attire^  night  gown.  Fr.  gife^  cxpL  Icc- 
tus. 

Glad,  Glaid,  (provincially  Gleg,)  fpoken  of  doors, 
locks,  bolts,  Sic.  which  gofnoothly,  eafly,  or  loofely* 
Teut.  glaty  lajvis,  glaber  ,•  glutten^  poliie. 

Glade,  GWi'i,  glided, prjfcdfwiftly.     ' 

Gladfum,  Gledfum,  ch$arful,  hoppy^  gladdening. 

Cilaiks,  cheat,  deceit,  trick. 

Claiks,  a  kind  oi pusn'zle  or  idle  pcftime  for  ot:c  perfon. 
Gleek  was  formerly  the  name  of  a  gan;e  at  cards  ; 
,  hence  perhaps  glaiks  came  to  ligiiify  any  kind  of  a- 
Arufement.  Sa.^.  glig.  ludibriuin,  gaudium,  mufica. 
Goth,  laikon,  ludere.  Mr  Pinkerton  explains  glaik'^; 
a  vjandaring  light  refe^lfd  from  a  mirror  ;  but  in 
this  fenfc  it  fcv^ms  to  be  provincial. 

Glaikin,  Glaiking,  play,  idlenefs,  wantonncfs.  See 
Glaiks. 

Glaikyt,  idle,  thoughtlefs.foolif]i^  v:cintQn.  Lord  Katies 
ad'd?,  capriciam^^s':  Gir.iks. 

Glaiflcr. 


Gl.  — —  Gl. 

Glaifter,  Glafter,  to  bawl  ox  barh^  to  fcold.     Fr.  glaflif 
or  glcttir,  latrare      i'eut.  lajiereu,  vituperare,  impio- 

bare,  int'amare. 
Glar,  Glare,  mud,  niyre.  Fr.  glalrc,  flimc* 
Glaumer,  deception  of  fight  hy  rmans  of  a  f pell  \  pro^ia- 

bly  from  the  attraftive  powers  of  laniher  or  amber  ; 

or  from  Fr.  lambeLner,   to  deceive  or  delude.     []lfi. 
glamer,  la;titia.] 
Glave,  Glaive, yiro/Y/.  Fr.  glaive,  gladlus. 
Glebcj  Gleib,  portion    of  land  allotted  to  the  clergy. 

Lat. 
Gled,  a  kite,  or  hawk.  S^x.  glida,  miltrus. 
Glcde,  Gleul,  a  very  f mall  five ^  a  /park,  ofjirc.   Gledcs, 
.    Q\^\i.°>y  hot  embers.  Sax.gled,   pruna. 
Glede,  Gleid,  Gleit,  toJlAne,  to  appear  brightly^  to  ap^ 

pear.    Sa^f. 
Gleg,  Clegg,  a  gad-fly.    Dan.  klaeg,  t.>banus. 
Gleg,  acute, Jharp,  ready.    iSee  Gla<l,  readily. 
Gleire,  the  white  of  aa  egg:     Fr.  glaiye.     Sax.  glnerc, 

pellncidnm  quidvis. 
Gle  men,  min/irels,  tnuficians,  fiddlers ,  pipers.  Snx.gllg^ 

man,  niuficus,  hillrio. 
Glen,  a  norroio  valley  between  mountains.   ^-^xiA. glean?!. 

(_'l'eut.  glend,  fepes.    Swed.  Ingn,  calm.] 
Glengore,  Grandgore,  perhaps  for  Gland-gore,  venere,ii 

difeafe,  lues  venerea.  See  Vol.  I.  p.  ^,12.. 
Glent,  to  glance.     Glenting,  leering.     Svvcd.  glatt,  ni- 

tidus. 
Gleuin,  Glevin,  to  gloiv.     Teut.  glacyen.     Svved.  gloa, 

luceie  ;  gla,  lux. 
Glew,  ^A-^,  mirth,  ff-ort.      Chamber-glcw,  chamherirg 

or  wanivnucfs.     Sax.  glivcy  vel  glig^  gaudium,  fact- 

tia,  &c. 
Gleyd,  oA/ or  iro'^-o//^   horf  or  geUi/ij.     Sax.  gy::f, 

caftratus. 
Glied,  G\ecd,f2uint  eyed;  perhaps  from  Tout,  gherer, 

Umis  oculis  afpiccie,  quaii  a/o-fjv/. 
Gliik,  afiiiht  view.  See  Glilt. 
GVift,  gltflen^d.  'TtMt.  gllnfleren,  candere. 
Glitt,  'O^aiery  humour.   Teut.  '■'i^'d-w^ffert 

Gloff, 


Gl.  Go. 

Gloff,  expl.  the  JJjock  felt  in  plunging  into  water.  Swed. 

GlofFed,  Jhiveredi 

Glois,  metr.  gr.  for  glafs. 

Gloaiing,  Gloaming,  Glowming,  twilight.    Sax.  glom- 

7}iungy  crepufculuxn. 
Gloppe,  yo?.  Swed.  gloj),  fataus,  ftultus. 
Glofe,  Glofs,  comment^  expofition.  Lat. 
Glotnir,  Glotnyt,  clotted ;  from  Teut.    klcttere^,  coa- 

gulari. 
Glotnnyt,    Glotjnit,  Jhining,  fparkling ;  from  Scand, 

glatty  nitidus  ;  gloed,  prima. 
Glow v,Jiaring  look  ;  to  Jlare.    Gouldman  has  Glow  or 

Glout,  p2tulis  oculis  afpicere.     Scand.  glo,   attentis 

oculis  videre.     Tent,  gluercn,  limis  oculis  afpicere. 
CrXoy^Jlranv.  Teut.  glitye,  ftramen  arundinaceum. 
Glum,  gloomy,  fulky,  dark,  menacing.  [Teut.  glum,  tur- 

bidus.] 
Glunch,  to  hang  the  brow  and  grumble  ;  from  Glum. 
Gnap,  ts  make  a  noife  like  that  of  a  grafs-hopper  ;  alfo 

to  eat.  Teut.  knnhhelen,  morfitare,  frendere. 
Gnarre,  a  hard  knot  in  ivood.     Teut.  knorre,  tubercu- 

lum. 
Gnarr,  Gnurr,  Nurr,  tofnarle,  to  make  a  fnarlingnoifo. 

Teut.  guorren,  grunnire. 
Gnib,  Glib,  ready,  quick. 
Gnidge,  Nidge,  to  pinch,  to  comprefs,  tofquee%e  ;  frora 

Kned. 
Goan,   expl.    a  wooden  dijh ;    perhaps    a  variation  of 

Cann,  or  Tun. 
Gob.  See  Gab,  mouth.  Fiis.  goh-flik,  a  fpoon. 
Gods-pennj,  Ajles,  Erie  penny,  earnefl  mone\.   Teut. 
Goif,    (Gaw.  Douglas,)  to  behold,   hok,  ga%e  ;  q.  d.  to 
flare  with  open  tnouth.     [Teut.  oog-hefj'en,  to  lift  up 

the  eyes.  ] 
Goilk.  See  Gowk  cuckoo,  foolifh  per f on. 
Gome,  man,  warrior.   Sax.  &  Goth.  £;7/;V;7(7,  vir,  homo. 
Gomrell,  Gamfrell,  thoughtlef  or  foolijh  perfon.     Fr. 

goimpre  or  goinfre. 
Gonyell,  Oo'mye\,fooli/lj  felloiv. 
Good-man,  Gude-man,  hufband,  mafler  of  the  hotfe. 
Good- wife,  Gnde-wvfe,  mifrefs  of  the  houfe. 

Gorbel, 


Go. Go. 

Gorbel,  to  gobble  or  fwallow  greedily  like  young  nejllingsa 
O.  Fr.  gohery  avide  deglutire.  Ir.  goh^  roftrum. 

Gorblings,  Gorlings,  nejUings  \  q.  gobblers.  See  Gor- 
bel. 

Gore,  to  kill,  to  devour  ;  according  to  Shakefpear,  to 
Jlaby  to  pierce  ;  from  Sax.  gore^  fanguis. 

Gore,  a  triangular  Jlip  of  land,  or  of  cloth.  See  Gare. 

Gorge,  Gorgit,  the  throat.  Fr.  gorge,  &  grogette,  jugu- 
Intn. 

Gorgoul,  fuppofed  to  mean  the  grifin. 

Gormand,  gluttonous.  Fr.  gourmand,  gulofus. 

Golle,  abbrev.  oi  gofjip.  Sax.^  god-fbbe,  cognntiis. 

Govand,  Goifand,  gazing,  faring,  looking  fedfafly* 
See  Goif. 

Governale,  government.  Fr.  gowvernail,  governance, 
conduB. 

Gowand,  Gowan,  properly  field  daify,  but  applied  to 
many  other  wild  plants.   See  Goulis. 

Gowd,  gold.  Teut.  goud,  aurum. 

Gowdfpink,  gold-finch.  Teut.  goudfincke,  aurivittis. 

Gowk,  Goilk,  cuckoo  ;  a  foolifj  fellow.  Goukis, 
is  alfo  explained  by  Ruddiman,  expeBs  foolifjly  ;  in 
confirmation  of  which,  he  adduces  Fr.  gogues,  jollity, 
glee,  light-heartednefs. 

Gowk,  Guk,  is  alfo  ufed  to  denote  the  cry  of  the  cuc- 
koo. 

Gov/kjt,  foolifj  ;'  from  Gowk. 

Gowl,  Goule,  to  growl,  to  fold,  to  howl  ov  yell. 

Gowpin,  what  can  be  held  by  the  hands  extended  in  con" 
taB.  Ifl.  ^o«/>«,  manus  concava. 

Goule,  the  throat  ox  jaws.  Fr.  gueule,  gula. 

Goulis,  in  the  language  of  Heraldry,  red.  Fr. 

Goulis,  Goulans,  gule-weed,  chryfanthemum  fegetum  ; 
quail  goldins.    See  Gule. 

Goul-maw,  Gormaw,  the  gull,  a  fea  bird. 

Goufly,  wafe,  deflate,  empty,  dark  aud  frightful;  may 
be  referred  perhaps  to  the  fame  origin  viixh  gastly 
and  goistly  ; — becaufe  timorous  people,  fays  Ruddi- 
man, fancy  that  ghofls  frequent  fuch  places  as 
woods,  caves,  dens,  old  ruinous  buildings,  which  the 
Romans  therefore  called  horrcntia. 
Vol.  IV.  M  Graff, 


Gr.  Gr. 

CJraff,  QrajF,  gtave  ;  alfo  to  hury. 

GraggU,   <ivraked,   excommunicated,  configned  to  perdi- 
tion. Sax.  ivracany  exulare. 
Grainter,  deeper  of  a  granary.  See  Girnell. 
Graip.  See  Grip,  grtffin, 
Graith,    harnefs,    accoutrements ,    utenfthy    injlruments  ^ 

from  Sax.  ge-rcedian,  parare,  apparare,  to  graitbe. 
Gram,  trouble,  tumult,  wrath  ;    hence  alfo  explained 

the  breast  or  bofom^  Teut.  &  SvtQd.  gram,  iratus. 
Gram,  ireful!,  warlike.    Gramell,  most  warlike.  Teut. 

gram,  llpmachofus,  afper. 
Grane,  Grain,  groan,  to  groan. 
Grane,  Grain,  a  branch.  Granes,  branches,  the  tines  or 

prongs  of  a  fork.     Dan.  &  \^,  grein,  ramus,     Swed. 

gran,  abies.  Upl.  green,  viridis. 
Granit,  having  grains  or  branches,  forked.    See  Grane. 
Granit,  in- grane,  of  a  fear  let  or  crimfon  colour.     Ital. 

hi  Spa.  grana. 
Grange,  corn  farm,    the  buildings  pertaining  to  a  corii 

farm,  particularly  the  granaries.  Fr.  grange. 
Granfler,  GrandAiir,  grandfather, great  grandfather. 
Grape,  to  grope.  Sax.  grapian,  palpare,  attre£lare. 
Grape,  a  trident  fork  for  cleaning  fiables. 
Graflill,  Griffel,  ReilTel,  to  rufile,  to  make  a  rufling  or 

crackling  noife.  Fr.  grejiller. 
Grave,  grove,  a  thick  ivood.   O.  Eng.  greve,  a  bufli. 
Gray,  gr  ay  headed  per  fon  ;  a.i  Fair,  ior  fair  one  ',  Auld 

for  old  one,  &c. 
Qre,  Grie,  degree,  prize,  vi£iory.  Fr.  gre, 
Greance,  agreement. 
Gredins,  Gied[ncs,Jhabby  fellows.    Fr.  gredln,  hommc 

de  neant. 
Gregioun,  Grew,  Greek,  or  Grecian. 
Greif,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  expl.  offence,  fault. 
Greis,  GrQ\&s,  greaves,  armour  for  the  legs.  Fr.greves,. 

tibialia  ferrea. 
Gieit,  t9  cry,  or  Jhed  tears.     Gret,  Grat,  cryed.     Sax. 

grctan.  Goth,  greitan,  clamare,  plorare,  liere. 
Greke,  Greking,  peep,  peeping,  break  of  day.     Swed. 

gry,  lucefcere,  to  dawn. 
Grendes,  expl.  grandees. 

Grene, 


Gr.  Gr. 

Grene,  Grein,  to  deftre  earnejlly^  to  long  for.  G rein- 
ing, anxious  dejire  ;  from  Teut.  greydeny  avere,  ap- 
petere. 

jGres,  gray  colour.  Fr.  gris. 

Greflum,  Gerfome,  Graffum,  premium  paid  by  ti  tenant 
at  the  commencement  of  a  new  leaft.  Sax.  gcerfuma^ 
praemiutn,  compenfatio  ;  quafi  ready  money  ;  from 
gearo,  pafatiiS. 

GvetQ,  grit,  fund,  gravel.  Teut. 

Qretumly,  greatly  ;  q.  d.  greatfofnely. 

Greve,  Gr^ifF,  Greive,  Reve,  Reif,  overfeer,  bailiff. 
Sax.  ge-refa,  prsefedlus,  decurio,  exadlor,  publica- 
nu5.  Teut.  graef  prxfes,  judex  \  quafi,  grauw^ 
gray  headed  man,  fenior,  fenator.  Hsncc  Jbire-greve 
or  yberif. 

Greve.  See  Grave,  grove,  wood. 

Grew,  Greek,  Greek  language. 

Grewe,  gray  bound,  properly  greW'hoand.  lH.  grey, 
canis. 

Greyfe.  See  Agrife,  to  firrify. 

Grilk,  expl.  cuti. 

Grilfe,  aji/h,  apparently  of  the  falmon  fpecies. 

Grip,  Graip,  griffin,  vulture.  Swed.  grip.  Lat.  gryps. 

Grippil,  (Gaw.  Douglas,^  expl.  by  Ruddiman,  tough, 
tenacious;  perhaps  rather  the  fame  as  Thrippil  or 
Throple,  to  entwine,  to  interweave,  to  entangle. 

Griflill.  See  Graffill,  to  rustle,  or  make  a  crackling  or 
rattling  noife.  Fr.  grefiller. 

Grozi,  four-pence  sterling.  Teut. 

Grokar,  fharper  ;  originally  perhaps  ufurer,  Scand^ 
ocker,  ockrare. 

Grofells,  goofeberries.  Fr.  groifelles. 

Grots,  Jhell'd  oats.  Teut.  j^r^w^,  grana  hordei.  Swed. 
groet,  puis. 

Oroue,  Growe,  a  fit  of  Jhuddering.  Teut.  groutv,  hor- 
ror. 

Groue,  Growe,  to  fhudder,  to  he  feixed  with  a  fudden 
fright  or  apprehepjion,  to  tremble  in  a  fight  degree. 
Teut.  grouivelen,  horrete,  pavere. 

Groulome,  GrowuS|  horrible f  frightful.  See  Groue. 

Grounch, 


'  r 


Gy.  ^. Gy. 


Gylxnir.  See  Gimmer,  a  ewe  in  her  fccoiid year. 

Gyli-fatt,  Keel-vat,  (in  Brewing,)  expl.  the  cooling 
vat  or  tub. 

Gymp,  Jimp,  Gjm,  Jim,  neat,  pretty  handfome. 

G/n,  expl.  the  lock  or  holt  of  a  door.  Ruddiman  thinks 
it  may  figaify  the  door  itiell',  from  Sax,  gir..  Wei. 
gyn^  rift  us. 

Gyrd,  expl.  quichflep. 

Gyrd.  See  Gird, /<?  heat^  throw  or  pierce. 

Gyve,  circling,  turning  round.  Fr.  girer,  to  whirl  or 
twirle  about. 

Gyre  carling,  expl.  a  woman  in  a  majk  ;  or  an  old  wo- 
man who  has  the  charaBer  of  being  a  Jorcerefs  ;  fo 
called  perhaps  from  her  pretending  to  form  magical 
circles  around  her.  See  Gyre.  The  fame  word  i§ 
alfo  expl.  gianfs  wife. 

Gyrfe.  See  Gers,  grofs. 

Gyrth,  Gird,  to  furround.   See  Gird,  a  hoop. 

Gyrtht.  ^te  G'ni]\,fanBuary.  *' Gif  ane  mau  within 
"  fancluarie  craves  the  King*s  peace,  and  ane  other 
"  roar,  be  evil  zeale  and  parpofe  lifts  up  his  neive 
*'  to  fliik  him,  he  fall  pay  to  the  King  four  kye, 
**  and  to  him  quhom  he  wald  have  ftriken,  ane  kow  : 
•*'  And  gif  he  gives  ane  bloxv,  nocht  drawing  blude, 
*'  he  fall  pay  fix  kye  to  the  King,  and  twa  to  the 
"  man  :  And  gif  he  fells  him  with  his  neive,  he  fall 
**  give  to  the  King  thirty  kye,  and  fall  alfo  affithc 
**  the  freinds  of  the  defundl."  Stat.  William  cip.  5. 

Gys,  Gyis,  Gile,  mqfqueradc,  maJk  ;  abbrev.  of  dif'> 
puife. 

Gylart,  a  per/on  difguifed,  n  mummer. 

Gyfen.   See  Gayfen,  to  become  leaky. 

Gyte,  Gide    attire. 

Gyte,  madyfrolickjome. 


JIabil, 


Ha.  .     Ha. 


H. 


HaBIL,  abk,Jiii  qualified  ;  alfo,  to  fit  or  qualify.  Fr.  & 

Lat, 
Habirgeoun,  Habirjhone,^or/  coat  of  mail.  Teut.  halx, 

coUum  ;  &  lergtti,  tegere. 
Habble,  Gabble.  See  Gab   to  talk  idly. 
Habound,  abound.  Haboundance,  abuudatice. 
Hace,  Hais,  hoarfe.  Sax.  has,  raucus. 
Hach,  Hack,  to  cough  voluntarily. 

Had,   to  hold  ov  keep.     Haddin,   holding,   the  quant ii^} 
which  can  he  held  or  contained.     Haldin  is  alfo  ufed 
for  charter. 
Haddir,  heather,  heath.  Sax.  Teut.  &c. 
Haddir  bells,  the  heath  hlojfom. 
Hafand,  heavingy  lifting  up.     Goth,  hofian^  IcvarCy  tol- 

lere. 
Haffat,  Halfett,  yi^/^  of  the  head.  Haffatjs,  temples.  Sax. 

heafod.  Dan.  hnfvet.  Goth,  haubith^  caput. 
Hag,  broken  tnojfy  ground  ;  alfo,  a  wood  'iL'hich  has  been 
cut  doivn,  and  again  inclofed  for  future  grovjth.   Teut. 
ghe-hechty  ligneum  fepibxis  ciicunifcvjijiuin. 
Hagabag,  refufe  of  any  kind. 
Haggeis,  minced  meat  boiled  in  a  bag.     Sax.  ga-hacca. 

Belg.  hackfel,  farcimen. 
Hagil,  to  life  a  great  deal  of  ujelefs  talk  in   making  a 
bargain.     Teut.  hakeuy   implicarc  j  halikeleny  balbu- 
tire. 
HagU-bargain,  one  ivho  (lands   upon  trtfUs  in  maVwig  a 
bargain.     Teut.  huchelinghey  difficuliates,  hafitaiio. 
See  Hagll. 
HaiF,  Hafe,  have.  Haifing,  havi/ig. 
Haifings,  Havingis,   manners,  behaviour  ;  quafi,  bckav- 

ings.  [Teut.  I:ebbi?ighe,  habitudo.] 
Hail,  Hale,  Hailfome,  Helfome,  whole,  healthy. 
Haims.     See  Hamcs,   a  fort   of  collar  for  horfcs  ov 
oxen. 

Hain, 


Ha.  Ha. 

Hain,  Hane,  tofwue^  to  keep  from  heing  ufed  ov  confumed^ 
Tcut.  heytien,  fepire,  obvallare. 

Hair.   See  Har,  hoary,  hoar'froj}. 

Hais.  See  Hace,  hoarfe. 

Hait,  hot.  Teut.  heet,  fervidus,  acris,  catullcns. 

HaJth,  for  Faith,  a  petty  onth. 

Halch.   See  Hauch,  plain  by  the  fide  of  a  river. 

Hald,  Hauld,  holdy  habitatiotty  dwelling y  place  of  fhelleVy 
for  tr eft. 

Jiale,  hidl.   Sax.  heal.  Teut.  halle^  attla. 

Hale-fkarth,  wholly  fife,  altogether  found,  free  from  fo 
rnuch  as  Sijkart  ox  f cratch. 

Hale- war,  Hale- ware,  all  without  exception,  the  whole, 

Haldin,  Halfiingis,  Haliindale,  half,  half-grown,  almojl. 
Teut.  halvelinghy  dimidiatim,  tere. 

Hallan-fliaker,  a  beggar  in  rags,  a  tatterdemallion,  or 
rnggamiifjin  i  from  Fr.  haillons,  rags.  Allan  Ram- 
fay  defines  the  word,  n  xvretch  who  faiids  trembling 
by  the  hallan  wall,  which  he  erroneoufly  defcribes  as 
being  without  the  houfe,  or  out  of  doors. 

Hallen,   Hallan-wa,   a   cottage  partition   wall  of  fod, 
which  extended  from  one  lide   of  the   (foor  rather 
more  than  halfway  acrofs  the  houfe,   and  ferved  to 
divide  the  family  apartment  from   that  which  was' 
referved  for  the  domeftKi  animals.    Hence  probably 
it  was  calieu  a  halflin  or  hallan   wall.      Againrt  the 
inner  fide  of  it  was  placed  the  fire,   which   leads  to 
another  conjefture  that   the  name  originally  may 
have  fignfied  the  fire-wall  or  oTcn-wall,  from  Teur. 
hael,  furnus,  clibauus,   (tranfiated  aKo)  ficcus,  ari-' 
dus,    which    agrees  compleatly   with    the   parched 
withered  appearmce  of  a  hallan-wall.      I   obferve 
Hailen  alfo  explainedyZw/f^?-. 
llallow-e'en,  All-hallow- even,  the  vigil  of  All-Saints 
day  ;  originally,  it  would  feem,   a  kind  of  harveft- 
hom.e  felHvity,  celebrated  on,  or  about,  the  Lifl  day  ^ 
of  Oftober.     From  a  proper  attention  to  feed  and 
culture,  the  harveft  is  now  fomewhat  more  early. 
Halok,  Halayke,  Halokyt,   or  Hallacht  queen,  light, 
watiton  wench  ;  feems  nearly  the  fame  with  glaiJckyt. 
[Goth,  laikar?,  luderc.J 

Hals, 


Ha.  Ua. 

Hals,  Haufe,  the  throaty  the  neck.  Teut.  &  Iff.  halsf 
coll  am. 

Hals,  Haufe,  to  embracey  to  Jalute.  Haljft,  emhraced, 
faluted.  Teut.  halfen,  injicere  brachia  collo. 

H  .Ifing,  Hunting, /a/utation.  See  Hals,  to  embrace, 

Haltand.  Hawtand,  haughty^  high-minded.  Haltandlie, 
Hawtandlie,  haughtily.  Fr.  haultain,  hautai/iy  luper- 
bus,  airogans. 

Halye,  Halj,   (vitiouflj  Halyhag,)  holy.   Sax.  halig. 

Halj-how,  Sely-how,  holy,  or  fortunate  hood ;  the 
film  or  membrane  which  envelopes  the  head  of  a 
child  in  the  womb.  When  found  upon  the  head  of 
a  new  born  infant,  it  was  fuppofed  to  be  an  infalli- 
ble prefage  of  good  fortune. 

Haly-rude,  holy  crofs.  See  Rude. 

Halyft,  feemingly  for  HaUyt, /aluted. 

Hamald,  Haimylr,  homely,  domejiic,  of  home  growth  or 
manufaBure.  Skene  writes  it  haimhaldy  quafi  held 
at  home. 

Hamely,  Hamly,  homely,  in  the  fenfe  of  friendly y  free, 
familiar. 

Hames,  Hammys,  Pair  of  Haims,  a  fort  of  collar,  for*' 
draught  horfes  or  oxen,  to  which  the  traces  are  faf- 
tened.  [See  Teut.  hamme,  numella,  fetters,  to  which, 
they  bear  fome  flight  refemblance.]] 

Hamit.  See  Hamald,  home-bred. 

Ham-fchakel,  Habfhaikel,  Hobfliakle,  to  fajlen  the  head 
of  a  horfe  or  cow  to  one  of  its  fore-legs,  to  prevent 
its  wandering  too  far  in  an  open  field.  [Teut.  hamme^ 
poples,  numella.] 

Ilam-foken,  Haim-luken,  the  crime  of  entering  a  man's 
houfe  without  his  invitation^  and  of  there  afjaulting 
him.  Teut.  heym-foecken,  invadere  violenter  alicujus 
domum ;  from  heym,  domus,  habitaculum ;  and 
foechen,  perfequi.  This  feems  alfo  to  have  been  the 
original  fignification  of  the  Englifli  term  hamfohen^ 
fince  the  word  hamfure  was  very  commonly  ufcd  in 
the  fame  fenfe,  and  doubtlefs  was  formed  from  Sax. 
faran,  ire,  proficifci ;  quafi  home-going.  It  may  be 
added,  if  hamfoken  be  not  properly  and  originally  a 
crime,  but  as  Spclman  would  have  it,  the  privilege 
Vol.  IV.  N  or 


Ha.  Ha. 

or  freedom  of  a  mart's  own  hoiife,  the  meaning  of  art 
expreflion,  in  ancient  Englifh  charters  "  ut  quietus 
fit  de  hamfoca,''  is  doubtful. 

Hancleth,  anckle.  Sax.  ancleoiv,  talus.  Lane,  ancliff. 

Hand-falHng,  a  fort  of  temporary  marriage^  formerly 
not  uncommon  in  fome  of  the  fouth-weftern  parts 
of  Scotland.  See  Pennant.  Shakefpeare  ufes  the 
word  in  the  fenfe  of  hold^  cujlody. 

Hand-habend,  in  poffejjlon  ofjiolen  goods. 

Hand-ftafF,  the  name  of  a  conjlellation,  probably  Orion* i 
fword.     Alfo,  that  part  of  ajlail  which  is  held  by  the 
threfher. 

Handwarp,  the  city  ef  Antwerp  ;  thus  written  by  Sir 
D.  Lindfay. 

Hand-while,  vulg.  Hanla-while,  afhort  time. 

Hangarell,  Hangrell,  an  implement  of  the  Jiable,  vpon 
which  bridles^  halters^  &c.  are  hung  ;  commonly  a 
llout  branch  of  a  tree,  with  a  number  of  remaining 
Humps  of  fmaller  branches.  [Teut.  hangfel,  ha- 
mus.] 

Hank,  tofajlen  or  tye.  Teut.  hencken^  fufpendere. 

Hank,  (of  yarn,)  a  coil,  Ifl.  haunky  funiculus  in  forma 
circuit  coUigatus. 

Hans  in  kelder.  Jack  in  the  cellar  ;  vulgarly  ufed  for 
a  child  in  the  womb.  Teut.  hansy  Johannes  vel  focius^ 
&  kelder,  cellarium. 

Hanfell,  gift,  the  first  money  taken,  or  benefit  received, 
upon  any  particular  occafion,  fuch  as  the  commence- 
jnent  of  a  new  year ;  quafi  hand-fell,  from  Sa.K.fellan, 
daic,  tribuere.  Wei.  honfel.  Teut.  hanfeel,  llrena, 
jiew  year's  gift ;  or  rather  perhaps  from  Teut.  hans, 
focius,  hanfe,  focietas  ;  and  feelen,  ligare  fune  ;  vel 
feghelen,  figillare.  [Goth,  hunfi,  facrificium,  the  eu- 
charifl  or  confecrated  bread    See  Houfel.J 

Hanfell,  expl.  earnefi. 

Hantyll,  quantity y  number  ;  q.  hand-full. 

Hanzel-flip,  expl.  uncouthly  drefi,  ugly  fellow. 

Hap,  to  cover  up.  Happit,  covered^fcreened  ;  originally 
~tKe  fame  with  Heap. 

Happer, 


Ha.  Ha. 

Happer,  happer  (of  a  mill.)  Sax.  hopper  abalket. 
Haque,  Hagg,  harquebufs.     Teut.  haeck^   minor   bom- 

barda,  fclopus  uncinatus. 
Haquebut,  Hackbutt,  a  kind  of  mujquet. 
Har,  hoarfroft,  nipping  fog  ;  fo  called  from  its  gray  or 

whitifli  colour.     Sax.  har,   canus  ;  alfo  expl.  a  cold 

eajlerly  nvind. 
Har,  Hare,  Hair,  hoary,  fharp,  nipping;  fometimes  in 

the  fenfe  of  harfh^  or  rough  to  the  tafle,  [Gael,  garbh, 

gnrg,  afper.] 
Harbry.  See  Herbry,  harbour,  &c. 
Hardiment,  hardynefs,  courage,  boldnefs,    Fr. 
Hardys,  Hards,   the  coarfeft  of  the  flax  after  drefjing. 

HsLtdiynyfacking  ov  fack  cloth,  made  of  the  hards. 
Hare.      See   Har,    hoary,    hoar  ff'ofi,    cold    eaJJerly 

wind. 
Harle,  to  trail  or  drag  through  the  mud,  or  over  rough 

ground. 
Harlots,  of  old  fignified  fcoundrels ;  or,  according  to 

Chaucer,  low  male  drudges  ;  in  which  fenfe  the  word 

had  probably  fome  connexion  with  Sax.  hyra^  mer- 

cenarius  ;  [&.  leod,  popuius.] 
Harlry,  honourable ;    quafi  harlrick,  from  Sax.  eorf<^ 

heroicus  ;  heor,  dominus. 
Harmefay,   (Rhymer's  Prophecy,   St.   53.)   probably 

may  fignifyya/<?,  out  of  danger  ;  q.  harm-fafe. 
Harmis,  forrows,    troubles,    indignation.     Sax.  hearm^ 

damnum.  Fris.  harm,  triflis,  dolens. 
Harnis,  brains.    Teut.  heme,  cerebrum.    Goth.  Gofp. 

Marc.  15.  22.  huairneins  flaths,  place  of  fkulls. 
Ham-pan,  Hardy n-pan,y^w//,  head.  Teut.  herne-panne, 

cranium,  q.  d.  patella  cerebri. 
Harn-fheet,  Harden-ftieet,  coarfe  linen  cloth  made  from 

the  hards  or  refufe  of  flax. 
Harro,  Harrow,  an  exclamation  of  encouragement  to  pur- 

fuit^  much  the  fame  with  halloo.  Fr.  haro. 
Harro,  expl.  a  furrow ;  alfo  expl.  to  harry. 
Harlk,  Hars,  harflj,  bitter,  four,  rough. 
Harft,  Herft,  harvefl.  Teut.  herfjl,  autumnus. 
Hart,  to  hearten  or  encourage.  Teut.  herten^  animare. 

Hart, 


Ha.  Ha. 

Hart,  to  Jlun  hy  a  Jlroke  on  the  hreajl.  Teut.  herten\ 
transfigere  pe6lora. 

Hartly,  heartily^  hearty. 

Hart-fare,^f^  at  heart.  Teut.  hert-feery  cordolium. 

HaryagG,  Hairyche,  herd  (of  cattle),  a  colled ive 
word  ;  as  of  ilieep  we  fay  a  hirfell  or  flock,  of  dogs 
a  pack.  Sax.  herige^  turma.  O.  Fr.  hara%  or  harelle, 
a  troop  or  herd. 

Hafart,  Hafard,  Hafert,  expl.  old  gray-pate,  dotard  ; 
alfo  of  a  gray  colour.    [111.  haera,  cani.J 

Hafartour,  gamejler.   Fr.  ha-zarder,  teflerarlas. 

Y{'^^o%^,  a  great  befom^  or  any  luch  thing  made  of 
ruflies,  hair,  &c. 

Hate,  Hat,  Hett,  Hatyne,  named^  was  called;  preter. 
of  Sax,  hatan  or  hatan.  Teut.  heeten^  vocare,  ap- 
pellare. 

Haterent,  Heytrent,  corr,  of  hatred. 

Hathil.   See  Ethil,  noble. 

riatter,  tojhatter. 

Hattir,  Haltir,  expl.  mapple,  acer. 

Haubrek,  Haubrick,  coat  of  mail.  Fr.  hauherg^  hauhert. 

Hauch,  Haugh,  valley  or  level  ground  on  the  Jide  of  a 
.^running  water.    Teut.  auwe,   ager,   pratunn  ;  or,  ac- 
cording to  Ruddiman,  froni  hallow,  hollow,  as  faugh 
from  fallow. 

Hauch,  Heigh,  an  interjefllon  equivalent  to  ha. 

Haufe.  See  Hals,  nech,  throat. 

Haver,  oats.  Haver-meal,  oat-meal.  Teut.  haver ^  ave- 
na,  bromos. 

Havere),  chattering  half-witted  perfon\  quafi,  iiabhler 
or  gabbler y  q.  v. 

Haves,  have  ;  alfo  expl.  goods  or  effe£is. 

Haw,  fea-colouredy  of  a  pale  colour  between  blue  and 
green  ;  from  Swed.  haf  mare.  Ruddiman  fuggefts 
a  derivation  from  hawsy  the  fruit  of  the  haw- 
thorn. 

Hawk,  a  kind  of  hook  for  drawing  out  dung  from  a 
cart.    [Swed.  hahe,  uncus.] 

Hawkyt,  having  one  or  more  white  fpotSy  white  ftced^ 
Jlreaked  • 

Hawkyt,  choptj  broken  into  chinks. 

Hawtane, 


He.  He. 

HaU'tane,  Haltane,  haughty,   Fr.  haufaint. 

Hayrfchip.  See  W^\xic\\\^^  plunder. 

He,  Hie,  high.     Heiar,  higher  s  alfo,  to  fet  on  highy  to 

exalt. 
He  and  He,  every  one. 
Heal,  nvhole  ;  alio,  to  conceal.  See  Heild. 
Hearkening,   quafi    Heartening,    encouragement.      See 

Hart. 
Heary,  a  conjugal  appellation  equivalent  to  my  dear. 
Hecht.  See  Hate,  named. 

Hecht.  See  Heycht,  promife,  command y  promifcd,  threa- 
tened. 
Heck,  hay-rack.  Swed.  heck,  prsefepe. 
Heckle,  to  tecfze,  alluding  to  the  manner  of  operation 

of  a  heckle. 
Hedeles,  Headles,  a  part  of  a  weaver'* s  loom. 
Hede-llikkis,  expl.  a  [pedes  of  artillery. 
Hede-werk,  hcad-ach.  Sax.  ware,  dolor. 
Hedj-pere,  of  equal  Jiature  or  age  ;  from  head  and  Fr. 

pair,  par. 
Heeze,  to  ra'ife  or  lift  up  tuith  dij^culty. 
Heezy,  hoijing  or  hoifling.    ■ 
Heft,  to  nccujlom  to  live  in  a  place.    Teut.  hnften,  mo- 

rari,  figere,   aptando  conneflere  ;   ge-hecht,  pratum 

fepibus  circumfcriptum. 
Heftit,  accumulated,   as  milk  that  has  not  been  drawn 

from  the  animal  in  due  time. 
Heich,  high.  Heicht,  hight. 
Heicht,  to  raife^  to  extoll.  Heichtyt,  raifed. 
Heicht,    Height,  protnifed,   engaged,  threatened ;  alfo, 

named. 
Heid-geir,  head  drefs.  See  Geir. 
Pleidyt,  he.-headed,  Heidyn,  he-hending. 
Heild,  Heill,  Hele,  to  cover  up,  to  conceal,  to  proteEJ, 

to  fave,  to  defend.     Sax.  helan,  tegere. 
Heill,  to  heal  or  cure.  Sax. 
Hcillj,  Helie,  highly.  Sax. 
Heily,  e.y.y\.flly  ;  probably  a  corruption. 
Heir,  Here,  lotd^  majler.    Sax.  hera,  major.  Dan.  here, 

domiiuis. 

Heirfchip, 


He,  He. 

Heirfchip,  plunder  or  devnjlation  hy  nti  army  ;  equiva- 
lent to  Sax.  here-renf,  tnilitaria  fpolia,  here^  exercitus. 

Heiryald,  Heriald,  Herezeld,  Hereceild,  j/?«^  ot premium 
paid  to  a  fuperior  on  the  death  of  a  vajjlil  ;  com- 
monly, among  the  lower  ranks,  the  heji  aughty  aver, 
or  article  of  moveable  goods,  as  a  horfe,  cow,  blan- 
ket, or  flieet.  Sax.  &.  Teut.  her-ge-waede,  vel  here- 
gcat,  hominii  introduclorium,  mortamentum.  The 
inoft  natural  derivation  of  the  word  feems  to  be 
from  Teut.  heery  dominus  ;  &  gildan,  folv-cFe.  But 
Spelman  and  others  bring  it  from  Teut.  heer,  exer- 
citus, quafi  provifion  for  war,  or  a  tribute  rendered  to 
the  lord  of  a  manor  for  his  better  preparation  for 
war.  Bj  the  laws  of  Canute,  it  appears  that,  at 
the  death  of  a  landholder,  "  fo  many  horfes  and 
arms  were  to  be  paid  as  in  his  life-time  he  was  o- 
bliged  to  keep  for  the  king's  fervice."  Sax.  here' 
gyld,  militaretributum, 

Heis,  Heys,  a  lifting  up  ;  alfo,  to  lift  up,  to  hoife.  Sax. 
heahfian.  Fr.  haujfer,  elevare,  attollere. 

Heift,  promife,  threatening,  command.  See  Heycht. 

llekkil,  heckle,  an    inflrument   ufed  in  the  drejjing  of 
fiax. 

Hele,  health,  healthy.  Sax.  hael,  falus. 

Helraftok,  the  helm  of  a  Jhipy  ^ubernaculum. 

Helter-flcelter,  in  rapid  lonfufon. 

Hempy,  "  one  for  whom  the  hemp  grows.''^ 

Hend.  See  Heynd,  trained  up,  educated,  taught. 

Hender,  hinder,  by-pajl.  Hendermar,  hindermofl.  Telit, 
hinden,  hinder,  poft. 

Hen-wyfe,  'doornail  nxho  takes  (are  of  tie  hens.  Hen- 
wyffis  of  Venus,  haivds. 

Henfe-man,  Heinfman,  domejiic  fervant ;  from  Sax. 
hincy  domefticus,  famulus  ;  or  Teut.  hende,  vicinus, 
prope  J  q.  d.  a  fervant  who  attends  clofely  upon  his 
mafter  ;  either  of  which  feems  preferable  to  ano- 
ther explanation  (by  Dr.  Percy)  quafi  haunch-man, 
from  Teut.  hencke,  coxa.  In  the  fame  language  we 
find  haens-hooft,  tranflated  delator,  quadruplator,  qui 
ut  gallus  ijjaen)  fuo  cantu  diem  &  tempeftates  nun- 

tiat, 


He.   He. 

tiat,  Ita  fecreta  aliorum  prodit ;  &  henne,  homo  iin- 
bellis,  muliebri  animo.  See  Heynd. 
Henfour,  Henfure,  perhaps  one  who  had  been  trained  to 
the  ufe  of  arms.  See  Heynd  :   Or^  one  who  was  expert 
in  making  Jiake  and  ryce  fences  ;  from  Teut.  heytien, 
fepire,   obvallare.        A  hajiie    henfour    might    th^i 
have  an  affinity  with  the  expreffion  tlill  commonly 
ufed  to  denote  extraordinary  rapidity,  '*  like  a  maa 
cutting  ryce  or  brufhwood." 
Hent,  Hynt,  caught,  feiz^ed,  took^fnatched.    Sax.  hente^ 
capuit  ;    hentavj    capere,    rapere.     Chauc.   heniers, 
raptores. 
Hep-thorne,  Hipp-thorne,  rofa  filveftris. 
Herbere,  arbour,  grove,  fhruhbery.     Lat.  arboretum  ; 
alfo,  ajlower  garden,  or  place  where  many  plants  and 
herbs  grow  naturally.  Lat.  herbarium. 
Herbry,  harbour,  lodging,   e}itertainment.     Teut.  her- 
berghe,   diverforium,  caupona,   manfio  ;    from  her- 
publicus,  communis  ;  &   berghen,   fervare,    falvare, 
tueri.     This  word  is  given  by  Ruddiman  as   the  o- 
rigin  of  Herbere,   arboretum  vel   herbarium,  q.  d. 
domicilium  arboreum. 
Herd,  one  who  tends  fheep  or  cattle  ;  alfo,  to  tend  /keep 

or  cattle.  Sax.  heard,  paftor,  cuflos. 
Herds.  See  Hards,  coarfeflax. 

Here,  Lord,  chief,  leader,  mafier.    Teut.  herr,  heer,  do- 
minus. 
Herefchip,  Heirifchip,  Hairfliip,  plunder,  wajle,  expen- 
diture. See  Heirfliip. 
Here-yeftreen,  the  night  before  Infl,   or   before  yefier- 

iiight.   Fr.  hier. 
Herezeld,  Heryeld.  See  Y{q\xj^^,  fine  paid  to  afuperi- 

or  on  the  death  of  a  vrijfal. 
Herle,  fome  kind  of  bird,  perhaps  a  heron. 
Hers.  See  Hais,  hoarfe. 
Herie,  Harry,  to  plunder,  rob,  or   ruin.     Sax.  herian^ 

vaftare,  prxdari  j  from  herge  or  here,  exercitus. 
Heroner,   expl.  by  Skinner  that  kind  of  hawk    which 

7nakes  herons  his  quarry. 
Herit,  harveji.  Belg.  heifji. 

Hefe. 


/ 


He He. 

Hefe.  See  Hecze,  to  lift  with  difficulty. 

Help,  that  which  catches  the  holt  of  a  door. 

Hefp,  a  certain  quantity  of  yarn. 

Heft,  expl.  command^  injunBion. 

Hething,  Haithing,  q.  oathing,  fwearing^  curjitig,  haji' 

"^nJng.  The  fame  word  (in  Dougl.  Virgil)  *' drive  to 
hething"  is  expl.  by  Ruddiman  to  traverfe  the  coun- 
tryy  quafi  to  go  a  heathing ;  \.  e.  through  unfrequent- 
ed places.  The  word  hethen  is  elfe where  df fined 
mockery t  and  thus  may  be  the  fame  with  booting  ; 
,  but  neither  of  them  appears  fatisfaftorj. 

Hett,  Hait,  hot. 

Heuir,  Heure,  Hure,  whore.  Teut.  hoere.  Sax.  hor^ 
meretrix.  Goth,  horos,  adulteri. 

Heuch,  WcWfJiecp  banky  commonly  underjloodto  be  fome- 
what  broken  or  rocky  ;  and  covered^  at  Icuji  in  part, 
with  wood  ;  feems  to  have  forae  affinity  with  Teut. 
hooghy  altus,  profundus,  arduus  ;  heve,  elevatio ;  or, 
according  to  Ruddiman,  with  Sax.  heafan,  elevare_, 
attollere.  See  Cleuchis,  cliffs. 

Hevid,  Hevyd,  HeufHd,  head  ;  a.Uo  beheaded. 

Hevit,  Hewit,  heaved,  lifted  up,  raifed. 

Hew  hue,  colour^  appearance.  Hewit,  coloured.  Sax. 
^ve,  fpecies,  color. 

Hewmond,  helmet.  1(1.  hilma,  obtegere ;  &.  mond, 
mouth. 

Heycht,  Hecht,  promifcd,  threatened.  Sax.  ge-hccht^ 
promiiius  ;  hatan,  promittere.  Tout,  hsiffcn,  heten, 
jubere. 

Heylit,  covered  up,  concealed  ;  pret.  of  to  hele  or  hyll. 
Sax.  helan,  celare  :  hence  hell. 

I  ley  n .  See  Hain,  tofave.  Winter-heyning  was  com- 
monly underflood  to  be  from  i  ith  November  to  23d 
April.  Summei-heyning,  vice  vcrfi. 

Heynd,  Hend,  docile^  traBahle,  educated,  trained  up, 
exercifed,  expert,  Jkilful ;  feems  to  have  fome  con- 
nexion with  the  Sax.  hynden,  claffis,  tribus,  q.  oiie 
who_lia.d  attached  himfclf  to  fomejnUi.taxydafs  or 
j^Iaciation.  Hyndenus,  homo  fcil.  qui  alicujus  fo- 
da'iitatis  particeps  erat ;  from  ge-innian,  prarflare, 
inferre  j  or  gc-hynan,  humiliare.    Heynd,  according 

to 


Hi.  _ Ho. 

to  tills  derivation,    appears  alfo  to  fignify  courteous ^ 
affable,  polite, 

l^ichis,  expl.  hatches. 

Hiddilis,  Hiddlingis,  in  a  hidden  or  fecret  manner  ;  hid^ 
ing  places. 

Hiddermare,  hitherward,  more  this  ^vay. 

Hiddirtill,  Hiddirtillis,  hitherto. 

Hidduous,  Hidwyfs,  hideous,  terrible.    Fr.  hideux. 

Hie,  Hj,  He,  hajief  to  hajie,  to  make  hajle.  Sax.  bigaUy 
feftinare. 

Hingare,  necklace  ;  q.  hanger,  pendant. 

Hint,  hold  or  grip.  See  Hent,  caught. 

Hirn,  a  fecret  corner,  a  place  of  retreat  or  retirement^  a 
den.  Sa^jc.  cern^  ern^  locus,  frequentius  autem  locus 
fecretior. 

Hirple,  Cripple,  to  go  as  if  lame.  Teut.  hippelen,  fal- 
tare,  fubfilere. 

Hirfell  (of  iheep),  a  flock  j  frotn  Fr.  hara%  or  harelle. 
Sax.  herd,  grex. 

Jlirfell,  Hurile,  to  move  one^s  felf  in  a  fitting  or  lying 
poflure  ;  to  move  "without  the  common  ufe  of  the  limbs. 
According  to  Ruddiman,  to  flide  forward  with  a 
ruflling  noife  ;  from  Sax.  hyrflan,  frigere,  znurmu- 
rare. 

Hirll,  explained  by  Ruddiman  a  door-hinge,  or,  (more 
correftly,)  perhaps  the  threfholdf  it  being  reprefent- 
ed  in  one  inftance  by  Gaw.  Douglas  as  of  "  mar- 
bill."  [Teut.  herd-Jlad,  pavimenti^m  fub  camino  ; 
q.  d.  a  flagged  pavement  to  correfpond  with  the 
range  of  the  great  door.] 

Hirft,  a  knoll  or  little  hill.  Ruddiman  explains  it,  a 
bare  and  hard  part  of  a  hill. 

Hirfl,  afmall  wood.  Sax.  hyrjl,  fylva. 

Hifly,  expl.  dry,  chapt,  barren. 

Hite,  Hyte.  See  Gyte,  mad,  giddy. 

Ho,  the  lingular  of  Hofe,  flockings. 

HO}  metr.  gr.  Hone,  an  interjeEHqn  commanding  to  de- 
sist or  leave  off.  But  ho,  or  But  hone,  without  stop- 
ping ;   alfo  beyond  all  bounds. 

Hobelers,  ligbt-horfcmcn  ,•  alfo  expl.  light  armed  men. 
Vol.  IV.  O  Hobynis, 


Ho.  Ho. 

Hobynis,  light  luar-horfes, 

Hoble,  to  cable  or  mend  in  a  bungling  manner. 

Hog,  ajheepf  male  or  female,  in  the  fecond  half  of  the 
first  year. 

Hoggers,  expl.  conrfe  stockings  without  feet. 

Hogmanay",    an   exclamation  ufed  hy   the  poor    people 
who  go  about  begging  on  the  last  day  of  the  year  ; 
fignifying,  it  would  feem,  /  wijh  you  all  manner  of 
feJHve  happinefsy  (^or  good  cheer^   with  a  keen  appe- 
tite;  nearly  connefted  with  the  vulgar  Teut.  phrafe, 
**  met  heuge  ende  meughe  eten,"   cum  voluptate  & 
appetitu    edere  ;    or    "  teghen   heuge    ende    meughe 
drincken,"   invito   ftomacho   bibere.       Or   it   may 
'  be  perhaps  a    corruption   of  another  well  known 
Teut.  or   rather    Sax.  phrafe,  viz.  hogen-hyne,  or 
houlkenhyne,  fignifying   own  domestic  fervant.     By 
the  ancient  laws  of  England,  a  ftranger  who  lodged 
only  one  night  in  the  houfe  of  a  landlord  or  huf- 
bandman,  was  called  uncuthman;  K.vi^n\^t.&,gueste ; 
thrid  nighte,  hogen-hytie^  own  domellic  ;  after  which, 
the  mafter  of  the  houfe  became  accountable  for  his 
mlfdeeds.     Upon  alms-giving  days,  fuch  as  the  laft 
or  firft  of  the  year,  a  poor  fupplicant  might  deem  it 
a  perfualive  to  charity  to  call  out  at  the  door  of  the 
wealthy,  hogen-hyne,  equivalent  to  **  pray  remem- 
ber your  old  domellic  fervant.'*    The  procefs  of  the 
corruption  either  from  this  phrafe  or  from  heuge 
ende  meughe,  to  hogmanay,  is  more  natural  and  Am- 
ple than  many  others  which  could  be  adduced. — Or 
it   feems,   laftly,  not  improbable,   that   Hogmanay 
may  have  fome  connexion  with  the  Scand.  hoeg-tid, 
a  term  applied  to  Chriftmas  and  various  other  fefti- 
vals  of  the  church.     Teut.  hoghe-tijd^  geniale  tem- 
pus,  Icetus  dies,  quafi  bog-tide-day.     Lamb,  in  his 
notes  to  the  poem  of  Flodden-field,  fuggefts  a  deri- 
vation from  Greek  hagia-mene,  the  holy  moon,  i.  e. 
December,  the  exclamation  being  ufed  only  on  the 
laft  day  of  that  month. 
Hoi,  How,  low,  hollow,  deep.     Teut.  hoi,  cavus,  abdi- 
tus. 

Holme?, 


Ho.  Ho. 

Holme,  Howme,  low  ground  Halle  to  be  overflovoed  hy 
water  ;  alfo,  an  tjland.  Swed.  holme^  infula,  qualis 
in  fluviis  effe  folet.  Item,  a  forma  infolae  ita  voca- 
tur  area,  fepibus  a  reliquo  fundo  feparata. 

Hoik,  Howk,  to  dig,  to  make  hollow.  Swed.  holka,  ca- 
vare.  See  Hoi,  cavus. 

Holkis,  Howks,  a  difeafe  of  the  eye.  Teut.  hol-ooghe^ 
cselophthalmus. 

Holt,  ivood,  forest.  Teut.  hout.  Sax.  holt,  fylva,  lig- 
num. Wood  is  perhaps  only  a  corr.  of  Holt. 

Holt,  high  ftuation,  top  of  a  hill,  a  height.     Fr.  hault, 

Holyne,  commonly  explained  the  holly  tree.  There  is, 
however,  fome  reafon  to  believe  that  it  fometimes 
fignified  the  yew  tree.  Teut.  holen-tere  is  alfo  tran- 
flated  fambucuSf  elder-tree. 

Holing,  Hofen,  hofe,  stockings.  Swed.  hofor^  tibialia. 

Horn,  Hem,  them.  Sax.  heomy  illos. 

Hone,  delay.  See  Ho. 

Honeft,  honourable,  generous,  liberal. 

Hool,  Heal,  expl.  to  conceal.   See  Heild. 

Hope,  fmall  bay.  Ifl.  hop,  large  pond. 

Hoft,  Hoift,  to  cough.  Teut.  hoefien^  tuffire. 

Hoftay,  to  befiege.   O.  Fr.  bostoyer. 

Hoftilleris,  inn-keepers.  See  Vol;  H.  p.  389. 

Hotching,  fhaking,  moving  the  body  up  and  down  in  an 
aukward  manner.   Fr.  hocher. 

Hotch-potch,  a  difh  of  mutton  or  lamb  broth,  and  dif^ 
ferent  forts  of  vegetables,  ferved  up  ivith  the  meat  in  it, 
cut  into  pieces.  Teut.  hutfpot.  Fr.  hochepot. 

Hove,  Huf,  to  remain,  delay,  or  stay ;  in  the  fame 
fenfe  as  Gaw.  Douglas  ufes  dwell  for  tarry;  and  we, 
to  dwell  upon  afubfeEl.  Hovand,  hovering ;  from  Sax. 
hof  domus  cum  folo  &  horto.  Teut.  hoveuy  to  make 
good  cheer. 

Hove,  to  heave,  to  fwell. 

Houk,  expl.  to  heap. 

Houl,  How,  the  hull  or  body  of  afhip. 

Houlat,  owl.  Fr.  houlette. 

Hour  is,  morning  prayers^  the  bell  for  morning  prayers. 
Fr. 

Houfel, 


Ho Hu. 

Houfel,  Houzle,  the  Eucharifi,  or  rather  the  conjecrat" 
ed  bread.  Sax.  hufel,  hujl,  hujul,  panis  eucharifticus. 
Goth.  ^a«y?,  facrificium.  As  a  verb,  the  word  alfo 
lignified  either  to  admimjler  or  to  receive  the  facra- 
ment  of  the  Euchar'tjl.  According  to  Skinner,  from 
hojiiolu  ;  to  Jhre,  from  Scand.  hunan^  oflferre. 

Houfluris,  horfe  mantles.  Fr.  houfeaux. 

Hout.   See  Holt,  a  wood  ;  alfo  a  hill. 

How,  hollow  \  the  lovcer  part  betivixt  oppoftte  hanhs^  the 
bottom  of  a  dean. 

How,  Hoe,  a  hood  or  night  cap  ;  a  nvreath  or  garland. 
Teut.  huiivey  reticulum,  capillare,  vitta.  See  Haly- 
how. 

Howd,  to  float  i  [Dan.  hav,  mare.} 

Howdy,  midwife  ;  the  origin  of  the  word  unknown  \ 
if  it  be  not  from  Ifl.  iody  puerperium ;  iodfoty  dolo- 
res  puerperii ;  iordgumma,  (redlius,)  iodgumma,  ob- 
fletrix.  Theot.  odan^  pariendus. 

Howf,  a  commpdious  place  for  tarrying  in.  See  Hove. 

Howis,  Hochs,  houghs. 

Howk.  See  Hoik,  to  dig. 

How  met,  a  little  cap  or  cowl.    See  How. 

Howms,  holmsy  plains  on  a  river  fide.    See  Holme, 

How-towdie,  young  ben  or  chicken. 

Howjn,  Hovyn,  expl.  baptised. 

Hoj,  to  urge  or  incite. 

Hubbil-fchow,  confufton,  confufed  racket.  Teut. 

Huddone,  Huddum,  expl.  a  kind  of  whale.  Bifhop 
Douglas  tranflates  the  hzi.  pri/lis  of  Virgil  bj  this 
word. 

Huddroun,  a  perfon  in  a  flovenly  drefs,  hideous  or  ugly, 

Huddrj,y?o<yf«/j?,  diforderly,  taudry. 

Hude-pyke,  mifer. 

YivX^yfhell. 

Huly,  Hooly,  flowy  flowly,  Icifurely.  Huly  and  fair, 
foft  and  fair,  paulatim  ;  from  ho,  delay. 

Hund,  to  incite^  to  encourage. 

Hunder,  Hundreth,  hundred. 

Uune,  Hone,^(j/>,  delay. 

Hungin,  hung,  hanged. 

Hunker,  Hounkir.  See  Hurkill,  to  crouch. 

Hurcheoun, 


Hu Hy. 

Hurcheoun,  hedge  hog.  Fr.  herijjon, 

Hurdeis,  hips,  buttocks. 

Hurkill,  Hurdle,  to  crouch,  to  Jit  in  a  lent  coniracied 
pojiure.  Swed.  huka,  inclinatis  clunibus  humi  incu- 
bare. 

Hurl  J,  expl.  lajl. 

Hurlie-hacket,7?/Jiw^  down  a  precipice ^  a  kind  of  child- 
ifli  fport. 

Hurlls,  expl.  woods.  Sax. 

Huftand,  hujhandman  ;  one  who,  for  the  privilege  of 
a  houfe,  and  the  ufe  of  a  few  acres  of  land,  {a  huf* 
band-land,')  was  bound  to  render  certain  fervices  to 
the  proprietor,  fuch  as  tilling  his  ground,  reaping 
his  crop,  entertaining  poor  travellers,  &c.  To  this 
day,  a  farmer's  cottar  or  cottager  who,  inftead  of 
paying  rent,  engages  to  be  a  reaper  iii  harveft,  is 
faid  to  be  bund  or  bound  for  his  houfe  y  afid  in  Old 
Englifti,  a  hous-band  was  alfo  termed  a  hous-fasten 
or  land-fasten.  The  Dan.  and  Swed.  bo7ide,  ruilicus, 
agricola ;  bond-folk,  peafantry,  are  probably  from 
the  fame  fource,  rather  than  from  the  Bclg.  howen, 
agricolari;  alfo  expl.  sedificare,  ftruere,  architedlari ; 
jn  this  fcnfe  equivalent  to  Sax.  hyan.  Dan.  hoe.  10. 
hua.  Scot,  bigg,  &c  Goth,  bauan,  habitare,  conftruerc 
fedem  ubi  habites  ;  all  of  which  are  from  Teut.  boo^ 
gan,  fleftere,  to  conflruft  dwellings  with  boughs  or 
branches  ;  analagous  to  the  expreilion  of  Ulphilas. 
timrida  ra%n  fein  ana  stalna,  he  timbred  or  built  his 
houfe  upon  a  rock. 

Hufband-land,  according  to  Skene,  **Jix  acres  of  fok 
and  fyith  land,'^  i.  e.  about  the  eighth  paVt  of  a 
plough  gate,  or  **  an  ox  in  the  plough." 

Huffil,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  to  make  a  rustling  or  chtJlAr.g 
nofe. 

Hufsyf-lkape,  hufwfery. 

Huttock,  a  fmall  hood  or  hat ;  dimin.  of  hude, 

Huve.  See  Hove,  to  hover  or  halt. 

Hyne,  Hynd,  domejlic^fervant.  Sax.  hine^  domefticus, 
fprvus,  famulus.  [Teut.  hinne,  parum  homo,  homo 
imbellis.  According  to  Kilianus,  quali  hen-man.l 

Hyne,  hence  ;  alfo  expl.  young  man.  See  Hvne. 

Hvnk 


Hy Ja. 

Hynk,  haste  away. 

Hyne,  hind.    Teut.  hinde^  cerva. 

Hynt.  See  Hent,  caught. 

Hypocras,  Hippocras,  an  aromatick  wine.  Fr.  hepocras, 

Hyrfale.  See  Hirfell,  ajkck. 

Hyrft.  See  Hirft. 


I. 


Jab,  Jag,  to  pricky  to  pierce  as  with  a  pin  or  dart. 

Ja.g,jac^  or  hunter  Ja/hioHf  (of  boots  j^  from  Tent.  Jag" 
hen,  agitare  feras. 

Jaip,  Jape,  to  Jeer,  mod,  or  beguile  ;  probably  a  corr. 
of  Teut.  gecken,  deridere  ;  or  from  Fr.  javioler,  to 
gabble 'or  prate. 

Jaiperie,  Japery,  buffoonery.  See  Jaip. 

Jaipers,  Japers,  buffoons,  jesters.  See  Jaip. 

Jakkis,  ^?icks,Jhort  coats  of  mail.  Teut.  j'acie,  tunica, 
prsetexta  toga. 

Jak-men,  men  in  armour,  or  dreffed  in  coats  of  mail.  See 
Jakkis,  Jhort  coats  of  mail. 

Jangle  and  jack,  to  tattle  and  trifle  away  the  time.  See 
Jauk. 

Janglour,  clamorous  talker,  quarrelfome  perfon,  juggler. 
Yv.  jongleur,  ^ewt.  jancken,  gannire,  latrare.J 

Jarg,  Jirg,  to  Jound  like  a  door  on  the  hinges.  Swed. 
jerga,  femper  eadena  obgannire,  ut  folent  aniculse 
iratae. 

Jaudie,  a  pudding  of  oat-meal,  and  hogs  lard,  with  oni- 
ons and  pepper,  inclofed  in  a  fow's  flomach,  former- 
ly ufed  as  a  fupper  dilh  at  entertainments  given  by 
the  country  people  on  Failrens  Even. 

Javel,  Jafel,  Jefwell,  ^rrt/w^  or  chattering  fellow.  Fr. 
ja'violeur.  See  Jaip. 

Javelloiir,yrt!i/?r.  Fr. 

Jauk,  to  work  in  a  trifing  or  idle  manner. 

jaw,*  Jawe,  a  wave  or  billow.  To  Jaw,  to  dafh,  in  the 
manner  of  waves  againji  the  flsorc  ;  or  aftively,  to 
throw  out ;  perhaps  from  Swed.  haif,  mare. 

Jawpes^ 


Ja.       I  Im. 

Jawpes,  the  f pray  or  drops  of  water  that  are  forced  in~ 

to  the  air  by  repercuJ/ioUy   tempest^  or  otherwife^  hoW' 

ever  fmall the  quantity  maybe.  To  Jawpe, ^tj  hefpatter 

ivith  water.  See  Jaw. 
Ice-Ihogles,  icicles.  Teut.  iiskekel,  ftiria,  gelicldiura. 
Icb,  /.  Teut.  ichf  ick.  Goth.  ik.  Lat.  ego, 
Ichone,  each  oncy  every  one. 
Icker,  ear  of  corn.  See  Echeris. 
Ident,  Ydent,  Eidant,  diligent,  Swed.  h  Ifl.  idin^  labo- 

riofus  ;  idner  men,  homines  induftrii. 
Jee,  to  move  to  a  ftde. 
Jelly,  Jelly,  man,  expl.  a  man  of  integrity. 
Jereflouris,  Geraflouris,  gillijlowers.     Teut.  gheroffely 
^  caryophyllea. 

Jer-oe,  expl.  a  great-grandchild.  See  Oe. 
Jeft.  See  Geft,  aEtiony  exploit^  adventure  ;  or  the  history 

of  any  fuch.   Lat. 
Jett  up  and  down,  to  flaunt  about  y  or  from  place  to  place, 

Fr.  jettery  jadtaie. 
I-fere,  la  fere,  in  company ,  together.     Sax.  fere^  fo- 

cius. 
Jibe,  taunt,  jest,  mock. 

Jink,  to  efcape  fromy  (as  by  turning  a  corner.) 
Jinker,  a  gay  fprightly  girly  a  nv^g. 
Jizzen-bed,  child-bed^     To  be  ia  jizzen,  to  ly  in.     See 

Howdy. 
Il-fard,  ill  favoured.  Ill  fawlie,  ill-favour  edly. 
Ilk,  Ilka,  each.     Sax.  aelc^  eicy  unufquifque.     Ilk  ane, 

each  one,  every  one. 
Jlk,  the  fame.     Sax.  j/f,  idem.     Of  that  ilk,  of  the 

fame,  i.  e.  when  a  perfon's  firname  and  title  are  the 

fame. 
Ill,  He,  Yle,  ijle    Fr. 
lll-willie,  malevolent y  envious y  fpiteful. 
I-lore,  Elore,  lost ;  as  an  exclamation  wo  is  me  !  from 

Teut.  loor,  melancholicus. 
Imbrevv,  expl.  to  engrofs  i  quaii  imbrief. 
Immanent,  remaining.  Lat. 
Impefche,  to  hinder  ov  prevent.  Fr.  empefcher, 
Importabill,  iutolerable,  utifuppor table.  Lat. 
jmpryve,  to  dijprovc.  Impriving,  dif proving. 

Inch, 


In In.  i 

Inchfjrnall  ijiand.  Gael. /w/i/j,  infula. 

Incend,  to  kiridle.  Incendyt,  kindled.  Lat. 

Inclufe,  to  incloje^  to  include.   Lat. 

Inconrinent,  instantly,  without  delay.    Lat. 

Indil,  Ink.il.    See  Eindil,  to  fufpeB. 

Inding,  unworthy.  Lat.  indignus. 

Indole,  indolent,  i?;n6iive. 

Indure^  to  harden, 

Infanii^,  to  catchy  to  inclofe,  to  fold  in  ;  from  Fang. 

Infang  thief  feems  to  hav^e  fignified  originally  a  perfon 
who  committed  theft ^  and  thereafter  was  caught y 
ivithin  the  jurifdi^lion  of  his  own  proper  lord ;  la- 
tro  captus,  de  hominibus  fuis  propriis,  faifitus  de 
latrocinio  ;  and  Outfang-thefe,  o  '•'■  fora  (foreign) 
thtfi  quha  cums  fra  an  uther  maris  land  or  jurifdic* 
tion^  Both  thefe  terms,  however,  came,  in  procefs 
of  time,  to  denote  the  power  or  privilege  of  the  lord 
or  baron  to  Jit  as  judge  and  to  decide  upon  the  refpec- 
tive  cafes  cf  theft  committed  within  his  jurifdlEiion. — ■ 
And  latterly,  the  wovAfang  appears  in  fome  cafes  to 
have  been  transferred  from  the  aB  of  catching  or 
apprehending,  (undoubtedly  its  true  meaning,)  to 
the  circumjlance  of  the  folen  goods  being  found  in  pof- 
fefjlon  of  the  thief  ^  fur  which  there  feems  to  be  no 
good  authority. 

Infare,  in-road.  Sax.  infaer,  ingreflus.  See  Fare,  to  go. 
Alfo  ufed  to  fignify  feaji  at  in  going,  ^Teut.  in-voer, 
inveclic] 

Ingan,  cnioft.   Ft.  oignon,  cepe. 

Ingent,  huge,  large.  Lat.  ingens. 

Ingill,  Ingle,  fre,  f  re-place ;  the  derivation  of  the 
word  unknown ;  if  it  be  not  from  Lat.  igfiis,  which 
feen<s  rather  improbable.  See  Taanles, 

Ingrave,  expl.  to  cut  out. 

Ingyne,  ability,  capacity,  genius^  ingenuity. 

Ingyre,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  expl.  to  bring  in^  to  ihrufl  in, 
to  infinuate  ;  from  Fr.  ingerer. 

Inherd^  See  Arvherd,  approved,  adhered  to. 

Inkirlie,  expl.  eagerly,  fervently,  pafjionately ;  accord- 
ing to  Ruddiman,   corrupted  from   Fr.    en  caur } 

quaff 


In.  Jo. 

finzdyrom  the  heart,  as  per  queer  from  par  Cceur,  hy 

heart.  [Dan.  ynkfoniy  merciful,  compaflionate.] 
Inlak,  Inleck,  the  quantity  deficient.    A  peck  of  in-lak, 

a  peck  deficient. 
Inlake,  to  be  deficient,  to  come  fijort  of  meafure^  weight, 

or  number  ;   alfo  died. 
Inn,  to  bring  in,  (particularly  corn  to  the  barn-yard.J) 

Teut.  innen,  colligere,  recipere. 
Innermare,  more  inwards.    So  alfo  hithermare,  nether- 
mare,  forthirmare,  fiscc. 
Innouth,  within.    Teut.  innighy  interior.    [Sax.  innoth, 

matrix.] 
Innys,  houfe^  lodgiitgi.  Sax.  inne,  domus. 
f  nrin,  to  incur  ;  from  Eng.  run,  currere. 
Infight,  houfehold furniture,  v\x\g2iv\y  plent/hing. 
Jnfolence,  diffolutenefs,    loofenefs  of  manners ;    in  th« 

fame  fenfe  as  dijfolution  is  ufed  by  Atterbury. 
Infpraich,  probably ywr«//«r^.  See  Spraucherie. 
Infprent,  didfpring  in,  did  leap  in. 
Infyle,  to  encompaf s ,  fur  round,  or  infold. 
Intak,  expl.  contraB  ;  alfo  contraBion. 
Intertrik,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  expl.    to  cenfure,  to  criti" 

cife. 
Intermell,  to  intermingle.  See  Mell,  to  mingle. 
Intromit,  to  intermeddle. 
Intrufs,  to  intrude. 
|nvaird,  Inwaird,  to  put  in  ward,  to  imprifon  ;  alfo  /«- 

wards. 
Inwith,  downwards,  declivity,  defcent  ;  alfo  expl.  witht 

in.  Teut.  innigh,  interior. 
Inyet,  Injett,  to  pour  in  ;  from  Yvjetter. 
Jo,  fweet-heart,  friend  j    feemingly   a   contradllon  of 

JogiU,  tojogg  ox  fhake  from  fide  to  fide.  Teut.  fchocke^ 
len,  vacillare. 

John  J  St.  John  to  borrough,  or  to  borgh.  St.  John  be 
your  fecurity  or  guardian.  St.  John's  crofTes,  pofis 
ereBed,  (perhaps  in  crofs  form,)  hy  the  road  fide  for 
the  direBion  of  travellers  ; — in  allufion  to  John  the 
Baptift,  "  who  was  the  preparer  of  the  way'*  for 
the  Meffiah. 
Vol.  IV.  P  Joktaleg, 


Jo Ju. 

joktaleg,  a  vulgar  word  for  a  large  folding  hnife, 
Jolie,  prettyy  handfomey  merry.  Jolelj,  prettily.  Fr. 

Jonet,  Jennet,  Spanijh  horje.  Teut.  ghenette. 

Jonette,  afpecies  of  lily.  Fr.  jaulnettCy  caltha  paluilris. 
Teut.  jannette,  jennettey  narciffus,  lychnis  filvef- 
tris. 

Jone,  June,  to  join.  Jonjngy  jun£iion.  Jonys,  joins. 

Jorneye,  a  days  worky  an  engagement  or  battle.  Vr.jour' 
nee  ;  alfo  an  expedition^  in  the  fame  way  as  the  Ro- 
man authors  ufe  dies. 

Jow,  Jew,  juggler. 

Jow,  Jowl,  to  ring  or  toll  a  large  hell  by  the  motion  of 
its  tongue.  Burns,  however,  obferves,  that  the  word 
**  includes  both  the  fwinging  motion  and  the  pealing 
found." 

Jowis,  the  jaws.  Sax.  ceolcy  the  jole  or  jowl. 

Jouk,  to  bend  the  body  forwards^  to  incline  the  head 
with  a  view  to  efcapefome  injury ;  by  confequence  to 
trick. 

Joukery-paukery,  jugling  and  pawky  tricks. 

Joyfs,  Joce,  to  enjoy  ;   Fr.jouir. 

Irie.  See  ^hjy  fearful  through  folitude. 

Irons,  irefuly  wrathfuly  angry.  Lat. 

Irfche,  Erfche,  Irijh.    Irytchnc,  people  of  Ir elands 

Ifchawinj^oiy/i  ,•  quail  y-fhown. 

Ifche,  ifjucy  pqffage  outward. 

Ifillis,  Ifels,  Ifles,  red  hot  embers,  half  confumed  fire, 
Ifl.  eyfa,  cinis  ignitus  fcintillans. 

likiebae,  ufquebaugh,  corruptly  whijky  ;  an  Irifh  wor4 
fignifying  the  water  of  life. 

Iftabill,  Iftable,  to  ejiahlifh,  Jftablyt,  fixedy  calm,  at 
rejl. 

Ithand.  See  Eidant,  bufy^  unremitting. 

Ithandlie,  bujtlyy  vigoroujly  ;   from  Ithand. 

Jundie,  Junnie,  to  jog  or  fhake  (a  veflel  containing  li- 
quid.) 

Jupee,  Jeup,  w/'^f  or  ^r^fl/ ^oflff .  T!z\xi.juype. 

Jupert,  Juperty,  jeopardy. 

Jury,  Jewry,  Jewijh  people. 

Jufly  re,  Juftrie,  jujiice  qyre^  court  ofjufice. 

Juxters, 


Ju.  ■  Ea. 

Juxters,  JokcRcrs,  joiers, 

]nte.  Jour  or  dead  liquor. 

Iwis,  I  wis,  truly,  furgljf.  Teut. 

Jymp.     See  Gimp,  Render,  tight.     Teut.  j'entf  bellus, 

concinnus. 
Jjmpis,  quirks. 
Izle.  See  IfiUis,  hot  cinders. 


K. 


Ka,  Kae.  Teut.  ka,  kae,  graculus. 

Kaber,  rafter.  Celt,  ceihry  ceber,  cabar,  tignum. 

Kaif.  See  Cafe,  tame. 

Kail.  See  Cail,  colewort.  Kail-runt,  the  Jlem  of  the 
colewort. 

Kain.  See  Kean,  rent. 

Kair,  care.  Ulph.  Job.  lo.  13.  «i  kar  ijl,  non  eft  cura. 

Kame,  Kemb,  cotnbf  to  comb.  Teut.  iemmen,  peftere. 
Karnes,  combs,  honey-combs. 

Kappercailzie,  cod  of  the  wood  ;  a  fpecies  of  grous  as 
large  as  a  turkey,  now  extinft  in  Scotland. 

Karle.  See  Carle,  rufiic. 

Karris,  fmall  carts  with  tumbrel  wheels.  Teut.  karrCf 
curriculum. 

Katherines,  Ketberjns,  Catherins,  Kettrin,  explained 
by  Skene  fornars,  (fojourners,)  or  Jiurdy  beggars  ; 
free-booters.  In  the  notes  to  Ware's  Hibernia  arc 
found  thefe  words,  "  Catherani,  Irifh  ;  Keathern,  a 
company,  vulgarly  kerns  ;  fignified  originally  a  band 
of  foldiers,  but  is  now  taken  in  a  contemptuous 
fenfe."  Although  the  word  feems  thus  to  be  of 
Irifh  extraftion,  fomething  like  a  family  refemblance 
may  be  traced  between  it  and  the  Teut.  ketter, 
feftator,  confeftator ;  ketten,  ketfen,  feftari,  confeftari, 
multum  &  continuo  fequi,  curfitare,  difcurrere,- 
quafi,  hunting  about  for  fubjijience,  without  following 
any  regular  profemon  ;  vagabonds.  Some  appear- 
ance of  the  word  is  to  be  found  in  moft  of  the  Teu- 
tonic 


Ka Ke. 

tonic  dlalefts ;  in  the  Swediih  particularly,  with  {| 
very  bad  meaning.  See  Ketrail. 

Kavel,  Cavil,  an  opprobrious  appellation  of  doubtful 
meaning,  perhaps  noify  quarrelfome  fellow  ;  from 
Teut.  kiinJer,  rixator,  altercator,  litigator ;  or  may 
have  fome  allufion  to  Capuly  equus,  as  a  young  wo- 
man is  contemptuoufly  called  a  filly  or  fiUock. 

Kavels,  Keivels,  Keulis.  See  Cavillis,  lots^Jhares. 

Kean,  Kain,  rent,  Teut.  ken-penninck^  auftor amentum, 
tributum  quod  vafallus  fingulis  annis  bcneficii  ag- 
nofcendi  caufa  pendit,  an  acknowledgment  of  depen- 
dence i  from  Teut.  kennen,  agnofcere.  Kean  or  Kain 
hens,  hens  paid  as  an  additional  rent. 

Kebbis  oi  Kebbit  ewes,  thofe  which  have  brought  forth 
immaturely,  or  have  been  prevented  accidentally  from 
rearing  a  lamb.  [Teut.  kippen^  parere.]] 

Kebbuck,  cheefsy  large  cheefe. 

Kedgie.  See  Qzidigiey  frolic kfome. 

Kekle,  Gigle,  to  laugh.  Teut.  kaeckelen^  garrire. 

Keik,  tofpy  cunningly,  to  peep.  Belg.  kiicken,  Dan.  iii- 
ger,  vide  re,  fpedlare. 

Keiking-glas,  looking  glafs,  mirror, 

Keil,  red  ochre,  ruddle  f one,  a  fort  of  red  chalJt. 

Kelchin,  the  name  given  in  the  ancient  laws  of  Scotland 
to  a  particular  f pedes  of  affythmetd  ;  from  Theot* 
kelten.   Teut.  gelden,  compenfare,  folvere. 

Kele,  Kelis,  Kelit,  to  kill,  kills,  killed.  Belg.  kelen,  jugu- 
lare,  trucidarc  ;  kele,  guttur. 

Kcll,  a  caul,  hood,  or  veil ;  now  commonly  ufed  for 
the  top  or  crown  of  a  woman's  cap.  Teut.  kouel, 
cucullus,  capitium.  Ruddiman  makes  reticulum  the 
primary  fignification  of  "  kell,"  the  old  tranflators 
of  the  Bible  having  ufed  "  kal"  in  that  fenfe. 

Kelpys,  Kelpies,  expl.  a  fort  of  mifchievous  fpirits,  faid  to 
haunt  fords  and  ferries  at  night,  efpecially  in  ftorms. 

Kelt,  expl.  cloth  with  a  freeze,  commonly  made  of  na- 
tive black  wool. 

Keltyj  Keltic,  a  large  hwnper.  Teut.  ghelte,  poculum 
majus.  Vide  Stat.  Hift.  Vol.  XVIII.  p.  473. 

Kemp,  to  strive,  contend,  fght.  Sax.  kempen.  Teut. 
kampen,  dimicare.  The  word  is  flill  ufed  to  denote 
the  contending  of  reapers  in  harveft. 

Kemper, 


K>. Ki. 

Kemper,  contender  ^fighter.    Teut.  kempe.    Belg.  &  Ifl^ 
kaempevy  bellator ;  whence  probably,  fays  Ruddiman, 
the  ancient  Cimbri  took  their  name; 
Kemple,  a  load  or  about  forty  bottles  of  straw. 
Ken,  to  know.  Swed.  kaenna.    Dan.  kiende,  cognofcere* 
Kennetis,  hounds  ;  perhaps  a  diminutive  from  Lat.  cants. 
Kenfie,  Kenfour,  expl.  alert  young  man.  Sax.  cene^  acer. 
Kenfpeckle,  oj" an  uncommon  orjingular  appearance. 
Kent,  a  longjiaffy  fucb  as  fliepherds  ufe  for  leaping  o- 

ver  ditches. 
Kepp,  to  catch,  intercept.  Teut.  keppen,  captare. 
Ker-caik,  a  fmall  cake  made  of  jlour  with  eggs,  Sec. 
Ker-handit,   left  handed.     Gael,  cearr,  awkward. 
Kerf,  to  carve.  Kerfyt,  carved.  Teut.  kerfen. 
K-erh,  Cutie,  a  tra£i  of  low  fertile  ground.   Id.  i/or  ker^ 
lacus,  palus  ;  kiorr^  lacunse,  paludes,  loca  depreffa 
&  palultria.     In  a  traft  of  this  kind,  a  piece  of  rif- 
ing  ground  is  called  an  inch^  or  ijland. 
Ketch-pillaris,  Jharpers  ;   probalil , ,  fays  Lord  Hailes, 

a  corruption  of  Fr.  gafpilleurs,  fpendthrifts. 
Kethat,  expl.  cajfocky  robe. 

Ketrail,  heretick.    Teut.  kettery  ketfer.    Swed.  kcettare, 
hiereticus,  fchifmaticus,  fedlator,  confeftator.     The 
Swed.  word  is  alfo  defined  qui  contra  naturam  pec~ 
cat  ;  uti  apud  Gallos  bougres  ;  i.  e.  **  Bulgari  appel- 
labantur  olim  communi  nomine  omnes  hzeretici,  at- 
que  etiam  qui  infami  libidine  fe  polluebant." 
Kett,  carrion,  carcafes  of  JJjeep  that  have  died  from  dif- 
eafe  or  accident.     Alfo  expl.  a  matted  hairy  fleece  of 
wool. 
Kevie,  hen-coop.    Teut.  kevie,  aviarium. 
Kewis,  fs.^\.  Jit  feafon  of  addrefs. 
Keuls.  See  Cavillis,  lots. 

Yityi^x, Emperor.  '2ifi\g.keyfer.  Goth. kaifar.  Lat.  Ccefar. 

Kilt,  filibeg,  a  Jhort  pettycoat,  part  of  the  Highland 

drefs  s  fometimes  the  plaid  is  worn    tucked    round 

the  body  like  a  petticoat ;  this  is  called  breacan  an 

felimh,  or  a  belted  plaid. 

Kilt,  to  tuck  up.  Dan.  op-kilter,  fuccingere  ;  kilter,  cin- 

gere.  \fjOX\\.fai ganimis  in  kiliheitii  L.  i.  '^\^.  conci- 

^ies  in  utero.] 

Kimmer, 


Ki. Kn. 

Klmmer.  See  Cummer,  comrade^  g^ffip'  Fr- 

Kin,  kindred^  of  the  fame  nature. 

Kink,  immoderate  Jit  of  laughter  ;  to  laugh  immoder- 
ately. Sax.  cinean,  hiare.  Goth,  kinnus,  maxilla. 

Kinning,  coneys  rabbit.  Teut.  koniin,  cuniculus  ;  iih" 
fjefi,  gignere.  Goth,  keinatty  germinate. 

Kinrent,  Kinret,  kindred.  Teut.  kindereity  proles.  Ifl. 
kiinji.  Goth,  kurty  generatio. 

Kinrjk,  Kjnrike,  kingdom.  Teut.  koning-riichy  reg- 
num  ;  koninghy  rex,  a  ksfmen,  fcire  ;  quod  rex  vera 
magica  fcientia  imbutus  efle  debeat. 

Kip   topfjbarp  top  of  a  hill.  Sax.  cuep. 

Kipper,  dried  falmony  particularly  thofe  which  have  been 
killed  late  in  the  feafon.  The  word  may  poffibly  have 
feme  connexion  with  Teut.  kippeUy  ova  excludere. 

Kirk,  church.  Sax.  cyrcy  templum;  from  being  Ihut  up 
as  in  a  prifon.  Goth,  karkar.  Lat.  career. 

Kirn,  churny  to  churn.  Sax.  cernany  agitare  butjrum. 
KirnftafF,  churnflaff.  Kirneny  familiarity. 

Kirnell,  battlement.  Fr.  creneaun,  muri  pinnae. 

Kirtil,  Kirtj],  Kirtle,  originally  a  girdle  or  fhort  petti- 
coat y  but  more  commonly  a  jacket,  fhort  gowny  or 
luai/l-coat.  Fr.  courtibauty  curtum  tibiale,  a  fort  of 
fhort  petticoat,  reaching  only  a  few  inches  below 
the  knees,  ftill  known  in  fome  parts  of  France.  Sax. 
cyrtel,  tunica.    Goth,  gatrd,  zona. 

Klft,  chejl.  Teut.  kifiey  cifta.  Ifl.  kifa. 

YLxtchyUy  fomewhat  to  eat  with  bready  as  butter  or  rheefe. 

Kith,  acquaintanccy  circle  of  acquaintance.  Teut.  i/>, 
{kondj  notus. 

Kitrale.  See  Ketrail,  heretic.  Teut.  ketter. 

Kittie,  Kitty,  loofe  wenchyfrolickfome  girl.  Swed.kaiigy 
fly,  cunning.  Goth,  kalkic,  meretrices. 

Kittil,  Kittle,  to  tickle  ;  ticklijhy  difficult.  Teut.  kittelen, 
titillare. 

Kleck.  See  Clekk,  to  breed  or  hatch. 

Klippert,  afhorn  or  clipped fheep. 

Knaggim,  offerfive  tafle.  Mod.  vulg. 

Knakkie,y^rf?w«J,  ready  in  thought  and  exprefjion. 

Knap,  Knaip,  Kxiaif,yfrt'^«?.  ^Q\g.  knape.  ^^^.cnapa^ 
puer,  fervns, 

Knappare, 


Kn Kj. 

Knappare,  hoory  country  fellow.  See  Knap. 

Knap-fekk,  bag  for  holding  •viSiuals.  Teut.  inap-facif 
viatoria  pera  ;  from  knappen^  edere. 

Knap-fcha,  Knap-fcull,  emi^l.Jleel  bonnetf  bead  piece. 

Knarry-bald,  Carj-bauld,  niggardly  bald-pate ;  from 
Swed.  knarrogy  peevifh,  furly.  Teut.  knarren,  ftri- 
dere.  See  alfo  Knarry. 

Kneef,  keen.  Kneefeft,  keenejl.  Ifl. 

Knitch,  bundle,  trufs,  nitch. 

Knitchell,  dimin  of  Knitch,  a  f mall  bundle. 

Knoit,  l:^oytfJlight Jharp Jiroke  ;  tojlrike  floarply^  but 
flightlyy  to  fmite. 

Knoofd,  Noofyt,  bruifedwith  the  knees,  or  perhaps  nieves. 

Knorry,  Knarry,  knotty^full  of  knobs ^  or  gnarres. 

Know,  KnoUe,  Now,  little  hill. 

Knycht,  Knecht,  commandery  captain  ;  originally  boy, 
fervant.  Teut.  knechtj  fervus,  famulus,  minifter, 
puer,  cliens,  miles. 

Kow,  expl.  goblin.  See  Cow,  to  intimidate, 

Kryle,  Croyl.  See  Cryle,  dwarf. 

Kryne.  See  Cryne,  tojhrink. 

|Cy,  cows.  Belg.  hoe,  koeye,  vacca. 

Kyldes,  Culdeis,  a  kind  of  clergy  ;  fo  called  probably 
from  Teut.  gilde,  guide,  collegium,  contubernium  ; 
quafi  guldighs,  gyld-br  others,  or  a  fraternity  of  reli- 
gious men.  Theot.  kelten,  gelten,  dare,  folvere  ;  &  co- 
lere,  facrificare,  q.  d.  in  pretio  habere ;  gulden,  or 
^kulden)  gildonia,  conventus,  collegia  in  quibus  area 
communis,  in  quam  fymbola  feu  colleftse,  fgelda) 
colliguntur. 

Kyle,  expl.  a  chance.  See  Cavils,  lots. 

Kylc,fmall  rick  of  hay  ;  to  put  up  hay  in  fmall  ricks. 

Kyfle-ftane,  Keifyl-ftane,  aflint-flone.  Teut.  kefelfeen, 
filex. 

Kyftlefs,  tajlelefs.  Teut.  kofl^  cibus.  Goth,  kaufeith, 
guftabit. 

Kyn-bote,  compenfation  for  the  Jlaughter  of  a  kinfman. 

Kyte,  the  belly. 

Kythe,  Kyith,  to  appear: 


IfZ,  La, 


Lach.  See  Lag  and  Laycb,  to  delay. 

Lachter,  Latchter,  letcher,  libidinous  fellow . 

Lachter,  Lawchter,  broody  the  eggs  laid  at  one  breeding  f 

bairn-iiem.  [Teut.  legh-tiidy  the  time  of  laying.] 
Ladefterne.  See  Leid-fterne,  leading-Jlar. 

Ladroun,  Lathroun,  la^y  knave  ;  probably  a  variation 
of  Lurdane,  if  not  from  Teut.  ledig^  otiofus,  defes, 
fapinus  ;  and  the  common  termination  roun.  See 
Ladry.  [Fr.  ladre,  literally  elephantiacusy  but  a  com- 
mon term  of  reproach. ] 

Ladry,  moby  idle  multitude.  See  Ladroun.  Or  perhaps 
from  Sax.  leod,  populus. 

Lag,  to  delay f  to  (lay  or  linger  behind.  Sax.  Jlawian, 
piger  efle. 

Lagger,  Laigger.  See  Dragle,  from  which  it  feems  to 
be  corrupted,  to  be-fpatter  or  be-tnire.  Ruddiman 
has  various  conjeftures  about  this  word ;  from  Sax. 
lago,  aqua  ;  or  from  lam,  lutum,  and  gara^  gurges  ^ 
or  from  Ir.  lathach,  kladach^  caenum,  limus. 

Laggert,  encumbered^  retai  ded  ;  frotn  Lag. 

Laich,  Laigh,  Leuch,  low. 

Laif,  Lave,  the  remainder y  the  remaining  people  or  things. 
Sax.  la/y  lafcy  reliquum,  reliquioe. 

Laif.  loaf.     Teut.  leaf.     Sax.  hlcef    Goth,  hlaifsy  pa- 

'     nis. 

Laig,  to  wade  ;  qu.  to  leg  ;  or  may  have  perhaps  fome 
connexion  with  Sax.  lago,  lagu,  aqua. 

Laigynes,  the  projeBing  part  of  thejlaves  at  the  end  of 
a  cdfk  ;  elfewhere  expl.  the  angle  between  the  Ji4^ 
and  bottom  of  a  wooden  vejfel.  Swed. 

Laiglin,  milking  pail.  [^Lat.  lagena.] 

Laik,  Lake,  Lak,  want.  Teut.  laehe,  defeftus. 

Lain,  alone.  Nane  but  hir  lain,  none  but  herfelf. 

Lair,  Lare,  bog,  mire.  To  lair,  to  flick  in  the  rmrt* 
Lairie,  a  little  mire.  [^Sax.  leger,  locus  decubitus,  lo- 
cus fepulturse.] 

Lair, 


La.    i-.i.         La. 

Lair,  Lare,  Lere,  learning,  education.  Tcut.  leer. 

Lairbar,  expl.  dirty  fellow. 

Laird,  Lard,  anciently  Lord,  feudal  Superior^  Prince  ; 
now  landed  gentleman  under  the  degree  of  knight ; 
proprietor  of  land,  or  of  a  houfe,  as  fuch.  The  Scot- 
tifh  word,  as  in  mofl  cafes,  is  nearer  than  the  Eng- 
lifh  to  the  original  Sax.  hlaford,  or  Ifl.  lavardm-y 
dominus  ;  which  Jhre  derives  from  Ifl.  lad,  terra, 
folum,  &  warda,  cuftodire  ;  Stiernhielm  from  hlaf 
panis  &  waerd,  hofpes,  tutor,  patronus  ;  Junius 
from  hlaf,  &  Sax.  ord,  initium,  origo. 

Laith,  loth,  reluSiant  ;  alfo,  to  loath  or  abhor.  Laith- 
ful,  hafhful^Jheepifh.  ^z^.laethe,  tardus. 

Laithlie,  Laithful,  loathfome,  fqualid.  Sax.  lathlice. 
Teut.  leedelick,  faedus,  turpis,  deformis. 

Laithles,  Laitlefs,  unmannerly,  unpolijhedf  rude.  See 
Laits. 

Laits,  manners,  gejlures,  hehaviour.  Teut.  laet^  geftus, 
habitus,  vultus,  oftenfio,  flatus ;  laeten,  apparere. 
Ifl.  lat.  Swed.  later,  mores,  geflus. 

Jjaittandlie,  latently,  infecret.  ■* 

Lak,  Lack,  to  depretiate,  to  vilify,  to  traduce.  Teut. 
laecien,  vituperate,  detrahere  alicui ;  lack,  vituperi- 
um,  detraftio.  IJence  it  is  alfo  ufed  to  fignify  re^ 
proach,  difgrace  ;  .and  by  Gaw.  Douglas  as  an  ad- 
jeftive  for  bad,  hafe.  Lakker,  ivorfe.  Lakkeft, 
nuorfl.  This,  howeyer,  may  be  a  corruption  of  law, 
low. 

Lak,  expl.  lamentation. 

Lake- wake,  the  watching  of  a  dead  body,  a  fort  of  con- 
vivial entertainment  which  commonly  was  given  to 
the  friends  of  the  deceafed  a  night  or  two  before 
the  burial ;  from  Teut.  Hick,  funus,  cadaver  homi- 
nis.  Sax.  lie,  corpus  ;  and  Teut.  luaecken,  vigi- 
lare. 

Lallandis,  Lawlandis,  low-lands,  the  Jouth  and eajl  parts 
of  Scotland,  where  a  dialeft  of  the  Gothic  or 
Teutonic  language  has  prevailed  probably  for  thefe 
two  thoufand  years,  in  contra-diftindion  to  the 
Vol.  IV.  Q^  Helands 


La.     —..•mmmmm    La. 

Helands  or  Highlands  ;  tl^at  is,  the  weftern  parts  of 

the  country,  inhabited  by  the  defcendants  of  the  an- 
cient Gael. 
Lampit,  a  kind  of  JhellfiJIj. 
Lance,  to  dart^  tofpring,  to  move  with  agility.    Fr,  lan- 

cevy  fe  immittere. 
Land,  expl.  a  clear  level  place  in  a  wood ;  perhaps  the 

fame  with  Lownd  or  I^ownd  place,  ajhelteredplace. 

[^Fr.  lande.  Wei.  lawnty  planities  inter  arbores.] 
Landbirflr,   (Gaw.  Douglas,)   explained  the  noife  and 

roaring  of  the  fea  towards  the  fhore^  as  t^ e  billows 

hteak  or  burfl  on  the  ground,     Ruddiman  thinks  he 

has  heard  Land-birth  ufed  in  the  fame  fenfe. 
Land-lowper,  a  fir  anger  y  a  perfon  who  cannot  fettle  in 

any  one  country  orfituation.  Teut.  land-looper^  mul- 

tivagus,  vagabundus,  circuitor. 
Lands  of  leal,  expl.  death. 
Landwart,  the  country  ;    of  or  belonging  to  the  inland 

part  of  a  country.     To  landwart,  fjnonimous  with 

Up-a-land. 
Lang,  longf  to  long  or  defire  earneflly.     Teut.  langhen^ 

defiderare. 
Langcl,  to  entangle.  See  lAngcXyfhocmaher's,  twine. 
Lang-ere,  Lang-gere,  Langjre,  long  ere  now,  long  ago  ; 

from  Teut.  eer,   prius  ;    being  a  compleat  inverfio^ 

of  the  Engl,  erelong. 
Langorious,  affeBied  with  langour. 
Langfum,  tedious.    Teut.  lang-faem^  lentus,  tardus. 
Lang-fyne,  longfence^  long  ago. 
Lang-kail,  winter  cole-worts.  Lang-kail  broth,  colewort 

foup. 
Lankie,  tally  fender  perfon.     [Teut.  langh'lenter^  Ion- 

gurio.] 
Lap,  did  lowp  or  leaped.  See  Lowp. 
Lape,  Laip,  to  lap  as  a  dog.  Teut.  lappeny  lingere. 
Lappert-milk,  milk  become  clotted  by  long  keep'mg  or  o- 

ther  caufes  ;  (lightly  corrupted  from  Teut.  klotter- 

melcky  or  klobber-faen,  lac  coagulatum. 
J^apron,  a  young  rabbit.  Fr.  lapreau. 
Lapwing,  the  green  plover  or  te-whit. 
Lardun,  Lardner,  larder.  Hand,  lardiere. 

Lare, 


i,a.     La. 

Lare,  Lair,  place  of  reft.  Sax.  legery  decubitus. 
Lareit,  Lawryt,  Loretto^  the  name  of  a  manfion-houfe 

at  the  eaft  end  of  MulTelburgh,  where  there  was  for- 

merlj  a  chapel  belonging  to   the   abbey  of  Dun- 
fermline. See  Vol.  111.  p.  74. 
Large,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  free.     Go  large,  go  at  large ^ 

or  voith  a  free  courfe  ;  alfo,  liberal  in  giving. 
Larges,  Lerges,  liberality^  generojtty.  Fr. 
Lafche,  (Gaw.  Douglas,)  weary y  lazy^Jlacky  lingering, 

Fr.  lafche,  languidus,  enervatus. 
Lat,  to  permit  ;  alfo,  to  hinder y  to  retard. 
Latch,  duby  mire.  Teut.  lache,  colle6lio  aquarum. 
Late,  (fpoken  of  iron,)   to  deprive  it  of  elaflicity  and 

temper,  fo  that  it  may  eafily  be  bent,  like  lead, 
Lattoun,  Latten,  a  mixt  kind  of  metal,    Mr  Tyrrwhit 

fays,  of  the  colour  of  brafs.  Ifl.  laatun,  brafs.  Gaw. 

Douglas  ufes  the  word  lattoun  for  eleBrum,  a  metal 

compofed  of  filver  and  gold.  Fr.  laiton. 
Lauch,  law,  privilege.  Sax.  liih,  lex.    To  lauch,  to  pof- 

fefs  in  a  legal  manner. 
Lauchful,  lawful.  See  Lauch. 

Lauchtfor  Qt\si\ictiX.,  fei%ed,  caught  hold  of  took  or  taken. 
Lauchtane,  ^fl/f  /  perhaps  from  Sax.  /cr^^w,  plumbeus. 
Laud,  Lawit,  Laid,  lay-men,  in    contra-diftinftion  to 

the  clergy  ;  unlearned  or  common  people.     Sax.  leod^ 

populus,  vulgus. 
Lave,  remainder.  Sax.  lafe.  Goth,  laiba,  reiiduum,  re- 

liquise. 
Laverock,  now  contrafted  to  lark  ,•  as  lafard  or  laford, 

dominus,  to  lord  or  larde.  Sax. 
Lavyfd.  See  Laird,  Iprd. 
Law,  to  low  or  bellow. 
Law,  humble,  low  ;  to  humble  or  abafe. 
Law,  a  hill  with  rather  an  eafy  afcent.    Sax.  lawe,  col- 

liculus. 
Lawing,  tavern  bill,  the  reckoning.     Lawing  free,  fcot' 

free.  Goth,  laun,  remuneratio. 
Lawte,  Lawtie,   Lawtith,   Laughtie,   loyalty^  fidelity, 

lawfulnefsyjujiice,  honour.  O.  Fr.  leaute. 
Laurere,  the  laurel  or  bay-treet  Fr.  laurier. 
Lay,  to  allay  or  alleviate. 

Lay, 


'  La.  •'  le. 

Lay,  (Gkiw.  Douglas,)  latv.     But  lay,  without  h%a, 

Chaucer  has  the  word  in  the  fame  fenfe. 
Laych,  to  delay  ;  of  which  it  may  be  an  abbreviated 

corruption,  if  not  from  Teut.  Uggheriy   manere  ;  or 

Fr.  lacheVy  laxare. 
Layke,  Laik,  lake,  a  paint  of  a  deep  red  colour  ;  expl. 

z\[o  paint  or  colour  of  any  kind. 
Layke,  to  f port  or  make  game.     Goth,  laikan,  exultare. 
L^ynder,  expl.  laundrefs.  Fr.  lavandiere. 
Layne,  Leyne,  to  recline  ;  by  confequence  to  tarry  or 

remain.  Swed.  Icena,  reclinare. 
Layne,  (Stat.  113.  A.  D.  1581,)  probably  linen, 
Laynere,  Jlrap,   thong.      Fr.  laniere.     Swed.  lengior, 

flings. 
Layr.  See  Lare,  place  of  reji. 
Laytis.   See  Laits,  behaviour,  carriage. 
Le,  law.   O.  Fr.  ley,  lex.  Leful,  lawful. 
Ilj^,  fhelter,  tranquillity .  Swed.  lae,  ly.  Ifl.  hie,  hlie,  lo- 
cus tempeftati  fubduftus. 
Leche,  heich,  furgeon,  phyfician.  Sax.  Icec,  Icece.  Goth. 

lek,  medicus. 
Leche,  Leich,  to  cure.  Sax.  Icecnian,  fanare,  mederi. 
Lede.  ^q&  lj&\di,  man,  perfon.    l^^Axs,  folk,  people.    Sax. 

leod,  populus,  vulgus  ;  popularis,  civis. 
Lede-flern,  the  north  pole.    Teut.  leyd-flerre,  cynofura, 

nrfa  minor,  ftella  polaris. 
Ledefman,  Ladifman,  Leidfman,  pilot.  Teut.  looifman  ; 

quafi,  the  heaver  of  the  lead.  Teut.  lootf  plumbum. 
Leepit,  expl.  meagre,  thin. 
Lees  me  on,  Luse  mie  on,  pleafed  am  I  with.    See  Leif, 

gratus.     In  Kilianus  we  find  rleuer,  amabo,   fodes, 

obfecro,   hlandientis  particula  ;  and  in  the  old  play 

of  Damon  and  Pithias,  "  Aloyfe,  aloyfe  !  expl,  how 

pretty  it  is  .'" 
Leet,  ///?,  a  chofen  number  from  which  an  eleEiion  of  one 

or  more  is  to  he  made.  Fr. 
Lcet,  expl.  enrol,  fix,  faflen  ;  alfo,  to  give  ones  fuffr age 

or  vote. 
J^ege,  Liege,  Liege-raan,  fubjeB  bound  in  allegiance  ; 

alfo,  liege  lord,  fuperior  ;  quafi,  lord  of  the  liege-men^ 

or  leod-men,  from  Sax.  leod,  gens,  civis,  popularis. 

I-eid, 


Le.  ■  Le. 

Leid,  marty  perfon.    Sax.  leode^  popularis,  civis  ;  appa- 
rently the  fame  with  Liegeman. 
Leid,  language  i    more    generally   the   latin    langjtage. 

Sax.  laden,  Latinns. 
Leif,  leave^  permijjion  ;  to  leave,  to  live,  to  believe. 
Leif,  Lief,  dear,  wHlirig,  plenfed,  agreeable.    Liefer,  Le- 
ver, Leuer,  more  willingly,  with  greater  pleafure,  ra~ 
ther,  in  preference.     Teut.  lief  carus,  gratus,  preti- 
ofus. 
Leiful,  Leveful,  Leful,  lawful ;  2\[o  friendly. 
Leil,  Lele,  loyal,  true,  faithful,  jujl,  right.  Unlele  lawis, 

unjuji  laws  ;  contr.  from  Fr.  loyal,  fidus. 
Leim.  See  Leme,  to  gleam,  to  fhine. 
Leind,  Leynd,  Lane,    to  fop,  flay,   dwell,   or  remain. 

Swed.  linna,  linda,  ceffare.  Goth,  ajiinna,  dlfcedere. 
Leipit,  expl.  meagre,  thin,  loving  the fre.     See  Lepe. 
Leis,  to  arrange,  to  lay  in  order.     Goth,  lifan,  congre- 
gate. 
Leifche,  to  Injh,  to  fcourge. 
Leift,  expl.  appeafed ;   q.  d.  leafed  j  from  Teut.  leffchen, 

extinguere  ;  (fitim^  levare. 
Leifter,  a  kind  of  harpoon  or  three  pronged-  dart  for 

Jirikingfjh.   Teut.  el-fcheere,  eel-fpear. 
Leifyng,  lie,  lying,  malicious  faljhood.  Sax.  leafung. 
Leit.  expl.  to  fuppofe,  to  think.     Sax.  LetaUf  arbitfari, 

exiftimare. 
Leit,  did  let,  permitted  j  alfo  hindered.  Teut.  Scand.  &c. 
Leit.  See  Leet,  lijl. 

Leithry,  Leothrie.  See  Ladry,  mob,  crowd. 
Lekk,  Leik,  to  leak,   to  fpring  a  leak.     Teut.  leclen, 

perfluere. 
Lemane,  Lemman,  fweetheart,  miflrefs,  darling,  male 
or  female.    Gael,  leannan.     [Teut.  lief  dileftus,  ca- 
ms ;  &  man,  pro  homine,  f^minam  a;que  notante  ac 
virum.]  According  to  Ruddiman,from  Fr.  I'aimant, 
&  Vaimante,  anfiiafius,  amafia. 
Lemanry,  Lemmanrie,  Lamenrie,  illicit  love.     See  Le- 
mane, fweet-heart. 
Leme,  to  gleatn  ox^jine.     Sax.  leomany  luceve  ;  lepma, 

lux. 
Lend,  loin.  Swed.  laend,  Iambus. 

I.ene. 


l,c.  — —  Le. 

Lene.  See  Leind,  to  Jlopy  to  rejly  or  tarry, 

Lenno,  child.  Gael,  leanabhy  infans. 

Lenth,'/o  lengtheriy  to  protra6i. 

Lentroun,  Lentjre,  Lenten,  time  of  Lenty  the  fprlng. 

Sax.  lengten. 
Lenye,  (Gaw.  Douglas)  expl.^w,  thirty  Jlender.    Sax. 

lanigy  tenuis  ;  or  hlaeney  macer. 
Leomen,  expl.  leg  ;  rather  perhaps^fl/?* 
Lepe,  Leip,  to  warm,  to  parboil. 
Lepjr,  leprofy  ;  per/on  affii&ed  with  leprofy^ 
Lere,  to  learriy  to  teach.  Lerand,  learning.    Teut.  leeren, 
Lergnes.  See  Larges,  bounty^ 
Les,  Les  than,  unlefsy  lejl. 
Left,  lajiingy  duratiotiy  delay.. 

Lefouris,   Lefuris    (Gaw.  Douglas),    expl.  pajlures ; 
from  Sax.  laefwcy  pafcuum  ;  or  the  empty  /paces  be- 
tween rows  of  trees,  from  Fr.  lais^  or  layes^  of  nearl j 
the  fame  fignification. 
Lefum,  lawful.  See  Le,  law, 
Lefum,  Leifome,  agreeable^  acceptable,  pleafing  ;  q.  d. 

leifsome,  or  lovefome. 
Lefyng.  See  Leifyng,  lying. 
Leth,  hatred,  difgust.  Sax.  Icetthe. 
Let  les,  without  hindrance.  » 

Letteis,   (Stat.    71.  A.    D.   1457.)  fcemlngly  yjrar/^^ 

cloth. 
Letteron,  Letryne,  Latron,  writing  dejk,  writing  table. 

Fr.  lutrin. 
Leuch,  Leugh,  liughed. 
Leuer,  Lever,  rather.  See  Leif,  willing. 
Leveful.  See  Lefufn,  lawful,  &c. 
Levere,  delivery^  distribution  ;  probably  alfo  donation, 

bounty.  [Fr.  livrer,  to  confer  on,  to  yield  over.] 
Leveraire,  probably.  ^o«<7/w//,  or  privilege  granted  in  re^ 
ward  for  fervices  performed.  Leveraires,  alfo  expl. 
armorial  bearings,  colours  in  heraldry. 
Levin,  lightning,  fiajh  of  fire.  Teut.  laeye,  flamma, 
flammae,  lumen  ,  whence  alfo  IjOWCy fame.  Ruddi- 
man  hefitate^  between  Sax  leoma,  Inx  ;  glowan,  can- 
dere  ;  and  hlifian,  hlifigan,  rutilare. 

Levingig, 


Le.    ■  Li. 

Levingis,  expl.  ioins  ;  alfo  lungs. 

Lew,  Lewe-warm,  luke-warm.     Teut.  iaw&.     Theot, 

Icewe,  tepid  us. 
Lewar.  See  Leuer,  rather ,-  from  Leif,  willing. 
Lewdring,  expl.  moviug  heavily.  See  Lidder. 
Lewit,  unlearned,  ignprant,  rude.    Sax.  Ictwede,  laicus  ; 
leode,  popularis,  civis,  vulgus.    Chaucer  frequently 
ufes  the  word  in  the  fenfe  of  lay-man. 
Ley,  lea  J  witilled  arable  ground.  Sax.  ley. 
Leynde,  Leind,  Lende,  to  lean,  reji,  tarry ,  lodge  ;  alfo, 
to  ceafe.    Swed.  lana,  reclinare  ;  linda^  linnoy  celTare, 
morari. 
Lib,  to  cajlratt.  Libbyt,  cnjlrated.  Teut.  luhhen^  virilia 

execare  ;  lubber,  caftrator. 
Libbert,   leopard  ;  in  heraldry,  a  lion,  the  original  fig- 

nification  of  the  word  {leo  pard.^ 
Libel,  tybel,  fmall  book,  tra6i,  ejfay,  poem,  indiSiment, 

Lat.  libellus. 
Liberos,  children.  Lat. 

Licam.  See  Lycarae,  human  body  while  in  life, 
Licent,  a  licentiate. 

Licht,  chenrful,  merry.  Lychtnis,  chearfuhief^. 
Lichtar,  Lychter,  lighter,  delivered  of  a  child. 
Lichtia,  Lychtnis,  the  lungs.  Teut.  lichte. 
Lichtly,  Lychtlie   to  undervalue,  to  flight,  or  defpife. 
Lick,  to  lafh,  whip,  or  beat,  to  overcome. 
Lidder,  Lythir,  fluggfh,  lifilefs.  Sax.  lythre^  lither,{oi., 
didu?,  ignavus,  malus  ;  alfo  loathfotne,  from  O.  Fr. 
ladres,  lepers. 
Lift,  Lyft,  the  firmament.     Sax.  lyfta.     Teut,  locht^ 

cxlum. 
Ligg,  to  lye,  to  linger,    Ifl.  ligg.  Sax.  liggan.  Teut.  //g-- 

ghai.  Goth.  /i^fl«,  jacere,  recumbere,manere. 
Likand,  grateful,  acceptable,  pleafing, 
Lills,  the  holes  of  a  wind  inflrument. 
Lilt,  a  chearful  tune  or  melody. 
Lilt,  tofing  chearfully. 
Lime,  glue.  Teut.  Him,  gluten. 

Limitouris,  a  kind  of  begging  friars,  whofe  licence  o 
commilllon  corfincd  them  to  fell  indulgenczes,  bef 


Li Li. 

&c.  within  certain  prefcribed  limits^  called  their  li- 
mitation. 

Limmer,  Lymmer,  ajlrumpety  a  voorthlefs  per/on^  male 
or  female.  [  Teut.  lymen^  limis  tueri,  tranfverfis  ocu- 
lis  tueri.  Swed.  lymmel^  bardus.] 

Lin,  tojlopy  to  ceaje.  Swed,  I'mna^  ceffare.   See  Leynde. 

Lin.  See  Lyn,  a  cleugh. 

Ling,  a  hind  of  coarje  grafsy  or  rather  a  /pedes  of  rnjjj 
which  grows  on  heaths  and  mountains.  In  Iceland, 
and  in  various  parts  of  Biitain,  it  iignifies  heath  or 
heather. 

Ling,  line,  Jirait  forwards. 

Lingel,  twine,  Jhoemctkers  thready  Fr.  UgneuL 

Linnet,  Linged,  litit-feed. 

Lmk,  to  do  a  thing  quickly  ;  moft  commonly  fpoke  of 
fpinning.  See  Linkome. 

Linkie,  a  clever  girl,  one  who  trips  lightly  along. 

Linkome,  Lynkum,  Lincum,  linen.  Linkome  twyne, 
linen  yarn.  Ifl.  linkynnur,  lenis,  mitis,  mollis,  flexi-* 
bills,  "  forte  a  Itnea  vel  lineo  filo,  quod  illo  nihil  lit 
fequacius  aut  tradlabilius."  Dan.  linklade.  Swed. 
linnetyg,  linen  or  linen-cloth  ;  likwara,  veftis  inte- 
rior. Teut.  lint  ken,  vitta,  txnia,  a  fillet  or  ribband 
for  binding  up  the  hair  ;  commonly,  we  may  fup- 
pofe  of  linen.  The  primary  or  more  common  fig- 
nification  alfo  of  the  Teut.  laecken  feems  to  be  lin- 
teum,  pannus  linteus,  rather  than  pannus  laneus  ; 
us  Kilianus  makes  it  fynonimous  with  doeck;  and 
thi^  again  with  liinwaet,  linteum  ;  i.  e.  cloth  made 
from  flax.  Various  annotators,  however,  contend 
that  /iwiowf  fignifies  cloth  (or  linen  yarn)  manufac- 
tured at  Lincoln.  See  Vol.  II.  p.  368 

Lintwhite,  corr.  of  linnet.  Sax. 

Lipperis,  Lopperis,  (Dougl.  Virgil)  expl.  the  white 
water  of  broken  waves,  or  on  the  tops  of  waves.  Lip- 
per'ing,  footing  upon  and  difcolpuring  the  waves  ;  pro- 
bably from  Lopper,  as  if  the  fea  were  curdled. 

Lipper  fifh,  (Tpoken  of  falmon,)  perhaps  leper  or  lep- 
rous, unhealthy. 

Lippin,  to  truf,  to  lean  tOy  depend.  Lyppinyt  to,  de- 
pended upon. 

l^ire. 


Li,  ...i......  Lo* 

Lire,  Lyre,  the  fiejhy  or   mufcular  parts  of  the  hodyi 
Sax.  liruy  lacerti,   fura,  pulpa,  vifcum  ;    alfo   expl. 
complexion^  colour,  Fr. 
Lirk,  a  wrinkle  ;  alfo  to  wrinkle  or  be  contraBed.     Ifl, 
lerkn^  contrahere,  adftringere. 

Lilki  the  flank  y  the  grdin,  or  inner  part  of  the  thigh, 

Lifs,  remijjion  or  abatement^  efpecially  of  any  acute  dif- 
eafe.  Fr.  &  Sax.  li[fey  renliffio,  ceifatio. 

Liftly,  Lyftlie,  willingly.  Sax.  lifilice,  fat,  fatls. 

Lite,  Lyte,  little^  fmally  few.  Sax.  lyt,  lyte^  parum, 
pauci. 

"Lixh.,  joint.  Sax.  tith^  artus,  articulus. 

Lithe,  Lyth,  have  patience  !   Teut.  liiden^  fufferre. 

Lithe,  to  thicken  (pulfe  or  gruel.)  Sax.  lithian^  miti- 
gare. 

Lithernes,  Lythernes,  floth.     Sax.  lythre.     111.  latur, 

.  fl^SSi/^y  good  for  nothing. 

Litt,  to  dye  or  tinge.  Littyt,  dyed,  coloured.  Swed.  lettai 

Littfter,  dyer ;  from  Litt.  Ifl.  litunar-madury  tin£tor. 

Live,  life.  Eterne  on  live,  eternally  in  life,  immor- 
tal. 

Liveray-nleal,  a  certain  quantity  of  oat-meal  allowed 
for  fubfflence  to  fervants  who  are  not  maintained  in 
their  ma/ler's  houfe.  See  LyfFeroch. 

LiOan,  Loaning,  a  wide  vacant  piece  of  ground  clofe  by 
or  leading  to  a  farm  houfcy  where  the  cows  are  com- 
monly milked. 

Loaue,  to  praife.  See  "Loms,  praifeth. 

Loch,  Lough,  lake.  Celt.  loch.  Sax.  luh^  lacus. 

Lock,  a  f mall  quantity y  as  of  meal. 

Lodifman.  See  Ledifman,  pilot. 

Loft,  On  loft,  aloft,  on  high.    Dan.  lofftery  attoUere. 

Loif,  Lofe,  to  praife.  Teut.  &  Ifl.  lof  praife^  honoun 
See  Louis. 

Lokkerand,  curling.  Lokkerlt,  curled.  "  When  your 
hair  is  white,  you  would  have  it  lockering."  Prov. 
fpoken  of  one  who  is  immoderate  in  his  deftres. 

Lokkeris,  curled  locks  of  hair.  See  Louk. 

Lokker  gowan,  globe  flowery  trollius.  Teut.  loken, 
claudere. 

Loll,  to  howl  in  the  matiner  of  a  cat.  Scand. 

Vol,  IV.  R  LoUerdy, 


Lo.     ■         Lo. 

Lolkrdy,  Lorrardry,  Lowlardy,  het-efy,  the  doctrine  of* 
the  Lollers  or  Lollards.  Teut.  lollaerdy  muffitator, 
muffitabundus  ;  lollen,  muffitare,  numeros  non  verba- 
canere.  [Teut.  loreriie,  impoltura,  fraus ;  lorer, 
impoltor,  fraudator  ;  loren,  fraudare  aliquem.]  An 
old  explanation  of  Lollard  is  a  breaker  of  fajling  daysy 
'  a  runnagate. 

Lome,  Loom,  properly  vejfel^  as  a  tub  or  di/h\  but  fig- 
nifies  alfo  implement^  utenftl,  or  injirument  in  gene- 
ral. Sax.  loma^  utenfilia,  fupellex. 

Lompnit,  Lonit,  hedge-roxoed. 

Lonjeoure,  a  la^y  or  loitering  felloiv.  Fr.  longard. 

Lopperit,  Lopperand.  See  Lappert,  coagulate, 

Loppin,  did  leap.  See  Lowp,  to  leap  ;  alfo  hurjl, 

Lorel,  cunning  deceiver ^  cheating  fellow.  Teut.  lorer^ 
impoftor,  fraudator.  See  Lowrie. 

Lorimer,  ioxva^xXj  faddler  ;  now  a  maker  ofbitSy/purs^ 
bic,  Fr  lormier. 

Lome,  ruined,  dejiroyedy  vndone,  Teut,  loren.  Sax.  /^o» 
ra?iy  perditus. 

Los,  Lous,  praife.  See  Louis,  praifeth. 

Lolin.  Tevit.  luy fen y  pediculos  capere,  venari. 

Lolingere,  afintterer.  Fr.  /o2f;;^^r,  adulator  ;  alfo  ufed 
by  Bilhop  Douglas  for  a  loiterer. 

Loveit,  Lovyte,  loving  fuhjeEi.  Ifl.  lofdar,  viri,  mili- 
tes. 

"Loue,  to  prai/e  or  commend,  hou'it,  praifed.  Louingis, 
praifes.  Louabill,  laudahlcy  commendabky  praife-nvor" 
thy.  Fr.  louer,;  from  Teut.  louen^  i.  e.  lof  geven^ 
laudare,  collaudare,  commendare,  laudibus  tollere ; 
lof,  laus. 

Louk,  Lukk,  tojhut  upy  to  inclofe.  TUt^t.  loheny  luychn^ 
claudere,  obferare. 

Loun,  downy  fellowy  rogue^  or  cunning  rnfcal ;  -alfo 
loofe  woman.  Teut.  loen,  homo  ftupidus,  bardus,  in- 
fulfus.    Sax.  luHy  egenus. 

Loune,  Lown,  Lownd.,  wellfheltered,  calm^  without  wind 
or  wave.  Ifl.  lundr.,  fylva.  Swed.  /«/§•«,  calm  ;  Jiilla 
lugn.  Hark  calm.  Goth,  analeughn,  occultum. 

Loundir,  a  fever  e  blow  ;  to  beat  with  fever  e  blows. 

Loundrer,  lu9:y  fellow  ;  q.  hurdancr.    See  Lourdane. 

Loupe, 


Lo.     1 1  ■■.!     Lu> 

iioupe,  to  wreath  or  wind  about,  as  with  a  cord. 

JL.oupe,  Lowp,  to  leap  ox  jump.  Teut.  loopeuy  falire. 

^joupe,  Lowp,  to  burji  open.  Luppin,  Loppin,  btirjl 
open. 

Ijourdane.  See  Lurdane,  indolent  Jliiggijh  fellovo. 

IjQurdneSf  fur ly  temper.  Fr.  lourdife. 

Loure,  to  lurky  to  boiv  down  ;  q.  to  lower. 

iiowrie,  a  nickname  which  has  been  commonly  given 
to  the.foxy  at  leaft  as  anciently  as  the  time  of  James 
the  Third.  See  the  poems  of  Robert  Henryfoun, 
Vol.  I.  p.  loo  ;  probably  from  Tent,  lorer^  frauda- 
tor  ;  loreriie,  fraus  ;  lore^  illecebra. 

iiowryd,  Louryth,  exp\.Jur/j,  ungracious.  Teut.  leure, 
vinum  acinaceum.  Fr.  lourd,  pr.£gravis. 

jLout,  to  bow  or  bend  the  body  forwards,  to  cringe  ;  by 
confequence  to  Jalute  or  do  honour  to  ;  perhaps,  fays 
Ruddiraan,  from  low  ;  q.  d.  lowed. 

IjOW,  ajlame,  a  hla%e  ;  alfo  to  flame.  Swed.  &  Ifl.  loga^ 
laugr.  Fris.  lochene^  flamipa.  Goth,  liugjan,  lu- 
cere. 

Lown.  See  Loune,  calm. 

liUcken,  joined  clojely  to  one  another.  See  Louk,  to 
JJjt4t  up. 

Xiuf,  Lufe,  love,  to  love.  LufFaris,  lovers. 

^ufe,  Loof,  the  palm  or  hollow  of  the  hand.  Swed.  lofwe, 
vola  manus.  Ulph.  lofamflohun  inuy  volis  percutie- 
bant  eum.   Mar.  14.  f^^. 

Lufray,  (Levere,)  bounty  ;  perhaps  from  Teut.  lieferny 
dare,  prebere,  ofFerre.  See  Lyfferoch. 

Lug,  ear,  handle  ;  perhaps  from  Sax.  locca,  caefaries, 
the  hair  which  grows  on  the  cheek. 

Luggie,  a  vejfel  with  a  handle. 

Lukkie,  grandmother,  old  woman- 

Lum,  chimney  vent.  Sax.  leom,  lux  ;  fcarcely  any  other 
light  being  admitted,  excepting  through  this  hole  i^ 
the  roof.  Or,  the  word  may  be  only  a  variation  of 
Teut.  leem,  kleye,  terra  argillacea,  a  principal  mate- 
rial in  the  formation  of  a  cottage  chimney  vent. 

Lumitors,  Lymitors.    See  Limitouris,  begging  friars* 

Lunkyt  (water),  hot^  but  not  boilings  leiv-ivarm.  Dan. 
hmken. 

Lunt, 


Lo.     '         Lo. 

Lollcrdy,  Lorrardry,  Lowlardy,  herefy^  the  doftrine  ot 
the  Lollers  or  Lollards.  Teut.  lollaerd^  muffitator, 
muffitabundus  ;  lollen,  muffitare,  numeros  uon  verba 
canere.  [Teut.  loreriie,  impoftura,  fraus ;  lorer, 
impoltor,  fraudator  ;  loren^  fraudare  aliquem.]  An 
old  explanation  of  Lollard  is  a  breaker  of  fajling  days^ 
a  runnagate . 

Lome,  Loom,  properly  vejfely  as  a  tub  or  dijh\  but  fig- 
nifies  alfo  implementy  utenfil,  or  injtrument  in  gene- 
ral. Sax.  loma^  utenfilia,  fupellex. 

Lompnit,  Lonit,  hedge-rowed. 

Lonjeoure,  a  la'zy  or  loitering  fellow.  Fr.  longard. 

Lopperit,  Lopperand.  See  Lappert,  coagulate, 

Loppin,  did  leap.  See  Lowp,  to  leap  ;  alfo  burjl. 

Lorel,  cunning  deceiver ^  cheating  fellow.  Teut.  lorer^ 
impoftor,  fraudator.  See  Lowrie. 

Lorimer,  ioxTaciiy  faddler  ;  now  a  maker  ofhitSffpurs^ 
he.  Fr  lormier. 

Lome,  ruined,  dffiroyedy  undone.  Teut,  loren.  Sax.  /eo* 
ran^  perditus. 

Los,  Lous,  praife.  See  Louis,  praifeth. 

Lolin.  Tent,  luyfen,  pediculos  capere,  venari. 

Lofingere,  a  flatterer.  Fr.  /o!Xf;/^^r,  adulator  ;  alfo  ufed 
by  Bilhop  Douglas  for  a  loiterer. 

Loveit,  Lovyte,  loving  fubjeEl.  Ifl.  lofdar,  virl,  mili- 
tes. 

TiOue,  to  prai/e  OT  commend.  Lionh,  praifed.  Louingis, 
praifes.  Louabill,  laudable,  commendable,  praife-njoor" 
thy.  Fr.  louer,;  from  Teut.  louen,  i.  e.  lof  geven^ 
laudare,  collaudare,  eommendare,  laudibus  tollere  ; 
lof  laus. 

Louk,  Lukk,  tojhut  up^  to  inclofe.  TeMt.loken,  lujcken, 
claudere,  obferare. 

Loun,  clown,  fellow,  rogue,  or  cunning  rofcal ;  -alfo 
loofe  woman.  Teut.  hen,  homo  ftupidus,  bardus,  in- 
fulfus.    Sax.  Uin,  egenus. 

Loune,  Lown,  Lownd,  wellfheltered,  calm^  without  wind 
or  wave.  Ifl.  lundr^  fylva.  Swed.  lugu,  calm  ;  Jlilla 
lugn,  ftark  calm.  Goth,  analaughn,  occultum. 

Loundir,  a  fever  e  blow  ;  to  beat  with  fever  e  blows. 

Loundrcry  la fny  fellow  ;  q.  lourdnner.    See  Lourdane. 

Loupe, 


Lo. I  .  Lu. 

iioupe,  to  voreath  or  wind  about,  as  with  a  cord. 

l.oupe,  Lowp,  to  leap  ox  jump.  Teut.  loopen,  falire. 

iioupe,  Lowp,  to  burjl  open.  Luppin,  Loppin,  hurjl 
open. 

Lourdane.  See  Lurdane,  indolent  Jlitggijh  fellow. 

Ltour dries yjhr/y  temper.  Fr.  lourdife. 

Loure,  to  lurky  to  boiv  down  ;  q.  to  lower. 

iLowrie,  a  nickname  which  has  been  commonly  given 
to  the.foxy  at  leaft  as  anciently  as  the  time  of  James 
the  Third.  See  the  poems  of  Robert  Henryfoun, 
Vol.  I.  p.  loo  ;  probably  from  Tent,  lorer^  frauda- 
tor  ;  /ore r He,  fraus  ;  /ore,  illecebra. 

Jjowryd,  Louryth,  expl.Jur/j,  ungracious.  Teut.  leure, 
vinum  acinaceum.  Fr.  lourd,  praegravis. 

jLout,  to  bow  or  bend  the  body  forwards,  to  cringe  ;  by 
confequence  to  falute  or  do  honour  to  ;  perhaps,  fays 
Ruddiman,  £rom  low  ;  q.  d.  lowed. 

jLow,  aflame^  a  bla^ie  f  alfo  to  flame.  Swed.  &  111.  loga^ 
laugr.  Fris.  lochene^  flamnoa.  Goth,  liugjan^  lu- 
cere. 

Lown.  See  Loune,  cnlm. 

Lucken,  joined  clojeljr  to  one  another.  See  Louk,  to 
JJout  up. 

Luf,  Lufe,  lo've,  to  love.  LufFaris,  lovers. 

^ufe,  Loof,  the  palm  or  hollow  of  the  hand.  Swed.  lofwe^ 
vola  manus.  Ulph.  lofamflqhun  inuy  volis  percutie- 
bant  eum.   Mar.  14.  65. 

Lufray,  (Levere,)  bounty  ;  perhaps  from  Teut.  liefern, 
dare,  prebere,  ofFerre.  See  Lyfferoch. 

Lug,  eary  handle  ;  perhaps  from  Sax.  locca,  caefaries, 
the  hair  which  grows  on  the  cheek. 

Luggie,  a  vejfel  with  a  handle. 

Lukkie,  grandmother ^  old  woman- 

Lum,  chimney  vent.  Sax.  leomy  lux  ;  fcarcely  any  other 
light  being  admitted,  excepting  through  this  hole  i^ 
the  roof.  Or,  the  word  may  be  only  a  variation  of 
Teut,  leem,  kleye,  terra  argillacea,  a  principal  mate- 
rial in  the  formation  of  a  cottage  chimney  vent. 

Lnmitors,  Lymitors.    See  Limitouris,  begging  friars, 

Lunkyt  (water),  hotf  but  not  boilings  lew'warm.  Dan. 
lunken, 

Lunt, 


Lu.  Ly* 

\j\XTiif flame,  blaze  ;  alfo  matib~rope.  Swed.  luntOy  funis 
igniarius  ;  iuntor^  old  books,  as  if  they  were  good 
for  nothing  but  lighting  the  fire. 

Lunyie,  loin. 

Lurdane,  Lourdane,  Lourdant,  idle,  indolent,  good-for^ 
nothing  fellow,  Fr.  lourdin,  from  Teut.  luyaerd,  pi- 
ger,  defidiofus,  vappa,  murcidus,  ignavus  homo^ 
male  feriatus  ;  ley,  fugitans  laborem. 

Lurdanry,  la%inefs,  idlenefs,Jloth.  Teut.  luyerdiie,  pigri- 
tia,  ignavia,  fegnities,  defidia.  Fr.  lourderie. 

Luiking,  Leuflcing,  abfconding.  Teut.  luyfchen^  lati- 
tare. 

Luftie,  delightfuly  genial.  Teut.  lujligh,  deledtabilis,  lu- 
culentus,  vegetus. 

Xiuftheid,  amiablenefsi  lovelinefs.  Teut.  lujiigheyd^  amoe- 
nitas. 

Lute,  'Lt.nXyJluggard ;  probably  from  Lurdane, 

Lute,  Leut,  permitted  ;  from  Let. 

Lut-cock,  the  name  of  a  dance. 

Luthe,  remained.  See  l^ythc^Jhelter, 

Lutherie,  Luferie,  /«/?.  See  Luf. 

Lyame,  a  Jlring,  cord,  or  thong.  Fr.  lien^  vinculum. 

Ly  art,  grey  haired,  hoary ^  or  having  a  mixture  of  grey 
hairs.  Fr. 

Lycame,  Lykkam,  Licum,  Licham,  body.  Teut.  licbf^ 
aem.  Sax.  lichama,  lichoma^  corpus  animatum,  vi- 
Vum  ;  a  Goth,  leik,  corpus;  &  ahma,  fpiritus.  This 
word  is  alfo  found  in  the  Swed.  Dgn.  and  Id.  dia- 
lefts. 

J.yfFeroch,  Vol.  IIL  p.  232.  or  according  to  the  MS, 
Laverock,  m^Uahy  dinner,  mefs ;  probably  adop- 
ted from  Teut.  lifwara,  vcl  liifwara,  cibaria  ;  /?"//• 
voeren,  cibus,  alimentum  ;  if  it  does  not  rather  fig- 
nify  liveringSf  (O.  Eng.)  fkin-puddingf,  fatifages.. 
Teut.  leverlincks,  tomacula.  The  term  Livery-ineal, 
i.  e.  oat-meal  allowed  for  fubfiftence,  is  probably 
from  the  fame  Teut.  Hifwara  or  Uifvoerenf  rather 
than  from  the  Fr.  livrer^  to  deliver. 

Lykand,  grateful,  acceptable  ,  if  it  pleafes.  To  your 
Jykand,  at  your  pie afure, 

Lyk-waik,  Lich-wayk.  See  Lake-wake. 

LymouriSj 


ILymouris,  Lymmourls,  limmers  orjhafts  of  a  cart  or 

carriage.  Fr.  limon. 
Ljmmar.  See  lAvcwci^ryJirumpety  &c. 
Lymmit,  expl.  hired ;  perhaps  from  Sax.  lean,  ftipen- 

dium,  merces.  [Fr.  liefiy  vinculum.] 
Ljn,  Lynd,  explained  by  Ruddiman  a  precipicey  deuy  or 

cataraSl,  into  which  water  Jails  with  a  great  noife  ; 

ab  Sax.  hlynn^   fonus,  torrens  ;  hlynnan,  fmare  :  or 

from  the  Ir.   /m,   a  pool  or   pond.     It  alfo  fi gailies 

(I  think,  more  commonly)   two   oppojite  contiguous 

cliffs  or  heitghs  covered  with  hrujhwood.  Teut.  linckf^ 

fiflura.  See  Linn. 
Lynd,  expl.  a  teille  or  lime  tree.    Teut.  lindcy  tilia,  phi- 

ly ra.     Under  the  lind,  under  the  lime-tree,  i.  e.  in  the 

•woods.  See  Teille. 
Lynzellis.  See  Lingels,  JJjoemakers  thread.  Fr.  ligrsul. 
Lyre.   See  Lire,  fiejh. 
Lyft,  the  hem  ox  felvedge  of  garments.    Teut.  /«/?,  lim- 

bus. 
Lyte,  Elyte,  to  eleB. 

Ly  the,  to  thicken  or  render  gelatinous.  Sax.  llihe. 
Lythe,  fhelter,  Jhade,  fttuation  proteBed  from  the  fun* 

Sax.  lithsy  quieS' 
JLythar.  See  \AMQ.XjfluggiJhy  najly. 


M^ 


Ma.  . Mjj, 


M. 


'  Ma,  Mae,  moe^  more. 
Mace  (Gaw.  Douglas),  rod^  cluh^  baton.  Fr.  mnjjue. 
Mack,  q.  make,  forty  kind. 
Macrell,  bawd,  pimp.     Teut.  maeckelaer^  proxeneta  .• 

macckilerejfe,  conciliatrix  ;  from  maecken^  conciliare. 

With  flight  variations,  the  word  is  found  in  Fr.  Da- 

nifh,  &c. 
Mad,  Maud,  plaid,  blanket;  perhaps  originally  the  fami^ 

with   rent,  mattey  itorea. 
Magil   to  mangle.     I'eut.  wflfr/e^»,  caftrare. 
Mags,  H  fmaL  perquijite  paid  to  carters  by  their  majlers 

cuftomers.  O.  Fi.  muguutfZ  pocket  oi  wallet;  quafi^ 

pockc't  money 
Malioun,  Mahomet  ;  alfo  tifed  for  the  Devil. 
Maigh,  Mach,yb??  in  law.  Teut.  maeghe.  cognatus,  ag- 

natus.  Angl.  Bor.  My  meaugh,   my  wife's  brother^ 

ox  fifier's  hiifband.  in  the  fame  manner,  as  various  o- 

ther  names   of  confanguinitj  and   affinity  are  fre- 
quently confounded.  \%z.y;..  mceg.  Goth,  magus.  Celt, 

mac,  fllius.^j 
Maik,  mt^fch,  confort,  mate,  equals    Maikles,  matchlefs, 

that  hath  not  an  equal.     8 wed.  make.     Teut.  maet, 

maetketiy  collcga,  sequalis   cpmpar. 
Ma:k,  Makk,  to  compofe  verfes.    Teut.  maecken^  facere, 
'   condere  ;    or  perhaps  fr'>m  maeten,  modulare  ;  maete 

van  denfanck,  modi,  moduli,  menfura  cantus  j  quafi, 

to  match  or  meafure  verfes. 
Mfijkar,  Makkar   a  poet,  compofer  of  verfes. 
Mail,  Male,  a  df colour ed  f pot  ;    alfo,   tc    difmlour  or 

fiuin.  Teut.  mael,  macula  ;  maelen,  pingere. 
Mail,  Male,  tribute^  rent.      a  v.  ' .,' ',  veftigal,  ftipendi- 

uni   (fragmentum.)  Fr,  maille.  obolus. 
M  ai  ii ; J  g ,  a  f-  >'m  ;  from  M  a  J I ,  rent. 
Mail-menj  Mailleries,  farmers^  perfons  who  pay  rent. 

MailzieS; 


Ma.  Ma. 

Mailzies,  Mailjies,  the  plates  or  links   of  which  a  coai 
of  mail  is  compofed.    f'eut.  mnelie  orbiculus,  hamus, 
fibula,  annulus  ;  alfo  expl.  eylet  holes. 
Main,  Maining,  moan^  lamentation.  »Sax. 
Mains,  the  farm  houfe  and  offices  upon  that  part  of  the 

Barony  contiguous  to  the  mutifion-houfe. 
Mair,  Mare,  mayor ^  chief  magi/lrate  of  a  city. 
Mairattour.  See  Mare-attour,  moreover. 
Mais,  makes y  as  tais  for  takes. 
Maifchlech.  See  Maffal,  mixed  corn. 
Maifoun,  houfe.   Fr.  maifon^  dnmus. 
Mailt,  mojlf  greateji.  Goth,  maijlsy  major,  magis,  plus. 

Alfo  for  almoji  ;  maifta,  almojl  had. 
Maifter,  chief  principal.    Mailler-ftreet,  chief  or  prin-^ 
cipal  Jireet.     Maifter-ke j,  key  that  will  open  xill  the 
locks  of  a  chefl  of  drawers  or  fuch  like. 
Maifter,  to  overcome^  to  execute  fame  difficult  tafk. 
Maiflerfull,  proud,  tyrannical,  incontrollahle. 
Maiftery,  Maiftry, ^o^l;fr,  viBory,  pre-eminence,  fupet  i- 

ority  ;  from  Teut.  meejier,  magifter. 
Mait,    Mate,   confounded,   overcome,    defeat,    wearied. 

Teut.  &  Fr.  mat,  defelTus,  deviftus. 
Mak,  Makdomej^fl^f-,  manner,  fajhion. 
Mak,Yo  make.  See  Mack,  to  compofe  verfef. 
Maklj,  Maiklj,  evenly,  equally.  See  ISIaik. 
Makdome,  fame  as  Mak,  Jhape. 
Mal-eis,  trouble,  uneafinefs,  diforder.  Fr.  mal-aife,  q.  c. 

malum  otium. 
Maling,  malignant* 
Mallhure,  Mallewre,  trouble,  mlfery,  misfortune.     Fr. 

malheur. 
Mallewrus,  unhappy,  mifrable.  Fr.  malheureux. 
Maltalent,  ill  will. 
Maljfoun,  Malefone,  Malifon,  malediBion,  curfe.  O.  Fr, 

malediffon,  malediftio. 
Malvafie,  Mavefie,  (Malmafie,)  fome  kind  of  fmalt 
fweet  wine,  in  imitation  of  true  Malmfey.  Teut.  mal" 
vafege,  vinum  arvifium,  Creticum,  Chium,  Monem- 
bafites.  Fr.  malvefe  j  from  Malvafia,  a  city  of 
Gandia. 

Malv3te, 


Ma.  ■  Ma; 

Malvete,  malice.  O.  Fr.  malvetie. 

Mammonrie,  expl.  idolatry ,  worjhip  offalfe  gods  ;  ra- 
ther perhaps  riches  or  avarice  ;  from  Mammon. 

Man,  male-fervant.  Ifl.  man,  fervus  ;  &  ferva,  puella, 
arnica,  concubina. 

Mandmentis,  commandment s,  orders.  Fr.  mandement. 

Mandrit,  expl.  tamed.  [Theot.  radeny  fuadere.] 

Mane,  main,  might  or  force.  Ifl.  magn,  vis,  potentia  y 
magan,  poffe. 

Mane.  See  Main,  moaUy  lamentation. 

Mane-breid,  Breid  of  mane,  probably  almond  bifcuit^ 
cakes  mixed  with  hruifed  almonds  or  other  fvueef 
kernels  ;  according  to  Cotgrave.  pain  d'*amande,  or  as 
Chaucer  writes  it,  pain  de  maine.  Promptuarium 
Parvulorum  explains  Payne  mayne,  panis  vigoris  ; 
that  is,  according  to  Mr  Pinkerton,  bread  made  of 
the  fineft  flour,  with  milk  and  eggs  j  mayne  from 
Ifl.  magn,  vis,  potentia. 

Maneir,  manner  ;  alfo  expL  manour-houfe. 

Mang,  Mank,  Mangzie,;  defeB,  huri^  mark  left  By  a  hurt 
or  fore.  Teut.  mencke,  mutilatio,  laefio. 

Mangerie,  Manjory,  a  feafi  or  banquet.  Fr.  mange^ 
rie. 

Mangit,  Menyeit,  viaimed,  marred,  confounded,  weaken- 
ed  by  extreme  care,  forrow,  flripes  or  toil.  Teut. 
maficken^  mutilare,  deficere,  deeflTe  ;  alfo  expl.  becomi 
frantic. 

Mangle,  to  fmooth  linen  cloaihes  by  paj/ing  through  a 
roliingprefs.  Teut.  matighelen,  levigare,  complanare, 
polire  (lintea.) 

Manjory.  See  Mangerie,  afeajl. 

Mannace,  Maneifs,  to  ti  eat,  to  handle,  to  ufe  in  anj 
manner, good  or  bad.  Fr.  menager  \  alfo  expl.  to  me- 
nace or  threaten.   Fr.  menacer. 

Manred,  expl.  followers ;  probably  connefled  with 
Man-rent. 

Man-rent,  obligation  to  fuppott  by  force  of  arms,  hom- 
age ;  equivalent  to  Teut.  manfchap,  fides  cliente*. 
laris. 

Manfvveir,  to  perjure.     Manfwering,  perjury.     Mane- 

fworPy 


Ma.  .  Ma. 

Avorn,  perjured.  Sax.  man,  fcelus,  probrum,  &tfwe» 
rian,  jurare. 

Manfwete,  calm,  meek, polite,  well-bred.  Lat.  manfuetus, 

Manfwetude,  mildnefs,  politenefs.  Lat. 

Manfjs,  manjion  boufes,  habitations.  Lat.  manere. 

Mant,  tojlammer  in  fpeech.  [Teut.  mancken,  membro 
aliquo  neceflario  diminuere.J 

Manteil,  Mantjle,  mantle,  a  mantelet  or  covering.  Teut. 

Manys,  a  manfe  or  manjion-houfe  ;  or  perhaps  the  fame 
with  Mains,  a  Jmall  arable  farm. 

Mapamond,  a  map  of  the  tuorld.    Fr. 

Marbre,  Marbyr,  Marvyl,  marble.  Fr.  marbre. 

Marche,  a  land  mark.  Marchis,  boundaries ;  fometimes, 
taken  for  the  lands  or  territories,  correfponding  with 
Teut.  mar/fe.  Fr.  marche,  regio,  ora,  terra  ;  whence 
the  name  of  a  diftrift  in  Scotland  called  The  Mers. 

Marchett,  (Reg.  Maj.)  a  compojition  or  acknowledgment 
paid  by  afokeman  or  villain  to  his  feudal  fuperior  for 
permtfjion  to  give  away  his  daughter  in  marriage  ;  o- 
rigiiially  perhaps  in  cafes  only  where  the  bride  was 
given  away  to  a  ftranger,  becaufe  a  transfer  of  this 
kind  deprived  the  Lord  of  a  certain  quantity  of  live 
Hock.  Marchett  alfo  fignified  a  fine  paid  to  the  Lord 
by  a  fokeman  or  villain  when  his  unmarried  daughter 
happened  to  be  debauched.  Skene,  following  an  an- 
cient tradition,  defines  Marchett  a  right  of  the  Lord 
of  the  ground  to  have  the  fir fi  night  of  ilk  married  wo- 
man within  his  barony  ;  and  Van  Loon,  an  antiqua- 
ry of  Holland,  upon  the  fame  kind  of  authority, 
mentions  "  the  redemption  paid  for  the  recht  des 
"  eerfian  nachts,  called  by  the  French  le  droit  de  cut- 
**  lage,  jus  prima  noftis  ;  a  cuftom  which  was 
*'  known  among  the  Frifons,  as  alfo  in  many  places 
**  of  Germany,  England,  and  Scotland."  Van  Loon, 
however,  fuppofes  this  fine  to  have  been  a  redemp- 
tion of  an  inconvenient  ecclefialHcal  canon,  which 
ordained  that  all  new  married  perfcfns,  out  of  re- 
fpe(5l  for  the  facerdotal  benedidlion,  eadem  nofte  in 
virginitate  permaneant ;  that  the  bride-groom  might 
employ  that  interval  in  prayer.  The  origin  of  the 
Vol.  IV.  S  word 


Ma.  Ma. 

word  Marchett,  merchetUy  is  probably  to  be  found  in 

the  Teut.  margh  or  mergh^   medulla,  q.  d.  mergh' 

hood  ;  or  nicer e,  merch,  puella,  virgo,  which  amounts 

to  nearly  tlie  fame. 
Mare  attour,  Maii-attour,  moreover. 
Marefs,  Meries,  a  morafs.  Fv.  marais. 
Margareit,  a  pear/.     Yv.  margariton.     The  fame  word 

in  O,  Engl,  fignifies  a  daijy.     Fr.  marguerite,  bellis. 
Mark,  Merk,  image ^  piBure  ;  imprej/ion,  as  of  a  feal. 
Marrow,  match,  fellow,  equal;    alfo  confort,  ajfociate, 

accomplice  ;  often  ufed  for  things  of  the  fame  kind, 

and  of   which  there  are  two,    as    of  fhoes,    gloves, 

hands,  feet,  &c.     Hence  the  verb  Marrow,  to  pair  i 

perhaps  from  Fr.  mariee,  a  Ipoufe. 
Marrowlefs,  without  a  fellow  ;  that  cannot  be  equalled^ 

incomparable. 
Marfchal,  upper  fervant.  Sax.  masre,  fummus  ScfchalJ^^ 

miniiler.  See  Mor. 
Mart,  Mars,  the  god  of  war. 
Martlet,  more  commonly  Mertrick,   a  kind  of  large 

weefelf  which  bears  a  rich  jur.  See  Mertrick. 
Martynmes,  ^t.  Martin'' s  mafs-day,  iith  Nov.  O.  S. 
Marynal,  Marynail,  mariner. 
Mafe,  Mais,  expl.  to  doubt,   to  he  confounded  or  hevnil- 

dered. 
Malk,  to  majh.  Mafkin-fat,  majhing  vat. 
Maffal,  Malhlum,  Meffil,  Meflin,   mixed  corn,  fuch  as 

barley  and  peafe,  wheat  and  rye.   Fr.  mejlange^  mef- 

lee,  a  mixture.  Teut.  maefe,  macula. 
Mafialie,  mnffy,  bulky  ;  alfo  mafjily,  hugely.  Teut. 
Maftis,  majliff.  Fr.  maflin,  mploffus  canis. 
Mat,  Met,  Mot,  Myt,  may,  might. 
Matalent,  Maltalent,  malice,  rage,  fury.  Fr. 
Mate,  Mait,  overcome,  difcomfted.  Teut.  mat,  defeflus. 
Materis,  matrons.  Lat.  matres,  mothers. 
Mattis,  Meatis,  mates.  Teut.  maet,  focius. 
Maught,  Macht,   might,  power.     Teut.  maght,  macht, 

poteftas,    potentia,    vis  ;    whence,    fays    Kilianus, 

maeghd,  virgo,  puella  ;  ficut  virgo  latine  a  viridiore 

five  validiore  cttate  dicitur, 

Maughtlefs, 


Ma.  Me. 

Maughtlefs,  Machtles,  void  ofjlrength  pr  energy. 
Maugre,  infpite  of.     Maw-gre,  Maugrof,  ill-will^  def- 

pite  ;  alfo  expl.  dlf countenance , 
Mauk,  maggot.  Swed.  matk^  vermis. 
Maukin,  Malkin,  a  hare^   a  cat  ;   or   whatever  hears  a 

refemblance  to  the  Jur  of  Jiich  animals.     Gael,  maig- 

heach,  lepus.  O.  Eng.  merkin,  pabes  mulierrs. 
Maun,  Maund,  hajket,  bread  hajhet.    Teut.  mande,  cor- 

bis. 
Maun,  Mon,  muji.  Maunna,  muji  not. 
Maut,  Mawt,  malt.     Theot.  malz^  hordej^oi  madefac- 

tum. 
Mauvitey,  malice.  O.  Fr.  malvetie, 
M'civjs,  mavis,  thrufh.   Fr.  mauvis,  or  mavaux. 
Maw,  to  mow  or  cut  with  a/cythe. 
^awmentis,  Mawmettis.  idols,  falfe  gods  ;  according 

to  Ruddiman,  from  Mahomet y  the  Turkifh  prophet, 

quafi  Mahomets. 
Mawmetrie,  Mawmentry,  the  worfhip  of  falfe  gods. 
JMay,  a  maid,  a  young  woman.    Ifl.  &  Dan.  mei     Swed. 

moe,  moi.  TtnX.  maeghd.  Goth,  magath,  mavi,  x'lrgo. 
'M.d.y^  moe,  more  in  number.  M.ayr,  greater.  Mayll, /wo^, 

greateji  part. 
Mayn,  main,  might,  power,  Jlrength.     Ifl.  magn,   vis, 

potentia. 
Mays,  Mais,  makes  ;  as  Tays,  Tais,  takes. 
Maytynes,  matines  or  morning  prayers. 
Mazer-difh,  Ezar-difh,  expl   a  drtnhing  cup  of  mapple, 

Teut.  mafer,  tuberculum  aceris  aiboris. 
Meafe,  mefs,  "  i.  e.  to  make  up  the  number  four.''* 
Medwarts,  meadow-fweets,  or  queen  of  the  meadows. 
Hflegir,  niggardly,  ^eg^rnes,  parcimony    ¥r.  maigre. 
Meld,  Mede,  reward,  meed ;    alfo    meritorious  fervice, 

Teut.  miede,  merces,  prsemium. 
Meidful,  Medful,  laudable,  worthy  of  reward. 
Meis.  See  Mefe,  to  mitigate,  reduce,  or  [often. 
Meifit,  (rathei  peihaps  Melted  or  Meithed) ,  wf/ij/r/r^//; 

from  Meith. 
Meith,  limit,  mark.fgn.  Fr.  metes. 
Meithnefs,  expl.  extreme  heat  ;  ^\{o  foft  weather. 
Meit-ryfe,  where  there  is  plenty  of  meat.  See  Ryfe. 

Mekill, 


Me.  Mc. 

Meklil,  Mykle,  Mukle,  great,  much  ,•    appears   with 

flight  variations  in  moft  of  the  Teut.  dialeds.  Goth, 

&  Ifl.  mikUy  magnus,  multum. 
Mel,  to /peak.  Swed.  maeJa.  Goth,  mathliajiy  loqui. 
Melder,  a  parcel  of  corn  grinded  at  one  time  ;  in  Doug. 

^irg\\fJlour  fprinkled  with  fait  on  the  facrifce,  mola 

falfa  ;  from  Lat.  moloy  to  grind,  q.  d.  molitura. 
Mel],  a  mallet  or  beetle. 
Melle,  contejiy  battle.     Mell,   to  contend  or  fght.     Fr, 

mellecy  certamen,  praelium.     Hence  the   law  term 

chaudmelle,  Lat.  barb,  melletvm. 
Melle,  to  meddlcy  to  interfere.  Fr.  meter. 
Melt,  the  milt  ovfpleen.  Teut. 
Meltith,  a  mealj  a  refrefhineiit.    Teut.  mael-tiidy  convi- 

vium. 
Membronis,  wings  ;  from  Lat.  membrana. 
Memmit,  fuppofed  to  mean  vtatched. 
Memorie,  memorandum^  memorial. 
Mends,  Amends,  revenge,  fatlfaBion.     Fr.  amende^  e- 

mandatio. 
Mene,  Mane,  moan,  lamentation. 
Mene,  Meyne,  tofhew,  to  make  known,  to  treat  of. 
Mene,  Mean,  to  indicate  pain  or  lamenefs,    to  walk  or 

move  as  if  lame  ;  alfo  to  moan.   Teut.  mincken,  to  go 

lame,  or  to  limp. 
Mene,    Mejne,    mediate,    intermediate  :    alfo    commui. 

Swed-  men,  publicus. 
Mene-bread.  See  Mane-bread,  expl.  almofid  cakes. 
Meng,  Menge,  to  mix,  to  mingle.     Teut.  menghen,  mif- 

cere,  diluere,  variare. 
Menivere,  a  fort  of  white  fur.     Fr.  menu  •uer,  ou  verk, 

*•  the  fur  called  minever ;    alfo  the   animal  which 

bears  it,"  faid  to  be  a  native  of  Ruffia. 
Mens,  Mends,  fatisfaSlion.  One  to  the  mends,  one  more 

than  was  bargained  for.  See  Mends. 
Menfe,  Menfk,    urbanity,  decency,   difcretion,   modefly, 

moderation  ;  nearly  of  the  fame  fignification  with,  if 

not  a  contraftion  from,  Teut.  menfchelickheyd,  huma- 

nitas  ;  from   menfcb,  homo.     Sax.  menmfc,  huma- 

nus. 
Mcnfe,  Menik,  to.  grace,  to  decorate. 

Mcnsfull, 


Me.  __,«—  Me» 

Mensfull,  Menfkful,  modejiy  moderate;  difcreety  delicate-; 

from  Menfe. 
Menflefs,  vidifcreet^  immoderatey  greedy  ;  from  Menfe. 
Menftral,  Minftrel,  mujiciati,  harper,  piper ^Jiddler.   Fr. 
menejlrier.  j[Teut.  mintie,  amatio,  amor  venerius  ;  & 
Jlieren,  agere,  inftigare,  ducere.] 
Menftral  fie,  niujic,  injlrumental  niufiC. 
Meiit,  Meint,  mixed,  mingled  ;  from  Meng,  to  mix. 
Menye,  yor^Tf  ox  forces,  men,  a  body  of  men,  retinue^  ad- 
'     hcrents,  domejiics.     Teut.    menighte,  multitudo,  ag- 
men,  cater va,  vis  ;  menigh,  multus.     Fr.  mefnie,  fa- 
mily. 
Menje,  Menze,  to  maim,  to  hurt,   to   render  unable  to 
fight.     Teut.  mencken,   mutilare,    mancum  reddere. 
See  Mank. 
Merch,  Mergh,  marrow.  Teut.  mergh,  medulla. 
Mere,  march,  limit,  border.  Swed.  maere,  limes. 
Mere,  Mejre,  the  fea.  Fr.  mer.  Celt,  mor,  muir.  Lat. 
mare ;  whence,  fays  Ruddiman,  the  Morini  or  Are- 
morici  have  their  name,  q.  d.  maris  accolje. 
Mere-mayd,  mermaid,  a  kind  of  Syren,  or  fabulous  fea 

monfier,  half  woman,  half  fiili. 
Mere-fwine,  cx-g\.  fea  f wine,  porous  marinus.  Fr.  mar' 

fouin.  Swed.  mar-fwin,  phocaena. 
Merk,  mark,  at  prefent  a  nominal  coin,   value  is.  i^d. 

Englifh. 
Merk-fchot,   fuppofed   the    diflance   between    the   bow 

marks. 
Merle,  black-bird.  Fr.  merle,  raerula, 
Mertrik,  Martlet,  martin,  a  kind  of  large  weefcl,  ivkich 

bears  a  rich  fur,  a  fable.  Teut.  tnarder,  martes, 
Merwys,  Myris,  Merris,  mans,  cotfoundt. 
Mery^  expl.  faithful,  ej^e^lnal   See  Mor,  great. 
Mes,  mafs,  the  Roman  Catholic  liturgy  or  common  pray- 
er ;  more  particularly,  the  communion  fcrvice,  or  of- 
fice of  the  eiicharifl.     The  word  appears,   nearly  in 
the  fame  form,  in  all  the  languages  of  weflern  Eu- 
rope,   and  probably  has  been  adopted  from  one  of 
the  fentences  or  phrafes  by  which  the  mafs-fervicc 
is  ufually  concluded,  viz.  '*  Ite,  milla  eft,"  i.  e.  I 

prefumir. 


Me.  MI. 

prefume,  mifla  eft  hojliola^  (vel  oblatio),  corrupted 
by  the  Anglo-Saxons  into  houfel.  This  valedidlion 
is  trnnflated  bj  Becon,  in  his  Reliques  of  Rome, 
**  You  may  now  go  home  ;  for  the  Avholefome  facri- 
*'  fice  for  mankind  is  fent  up  or  offered  unto  God." 
Voffius  and  others  have  Jaboured  to  make  this  word 
m'tjfa  equivalent  to  mijjio,  or  dimijjio,  the  fending  a- 
way  the  catechumens  before  the  communion  of  the 
Lord's  fuppcr  ;  but  this  explication  is  liable  to  va- 
rious objedlions ;  and  particularly  does  not  feem  to 
accord  with  the  refponfV  of  the  people  **  Deo  gra- 
tias."  A  better  way  of  compleating  the  valedi£lion 
would  be  thus — rriijpi  eji  concio,  which  might  anfwer 
either  for  the  prayers  or  the  congregation.  The 
fame  word  is  aHb  very  commonly  explained  Jejluniy 
which  h  fuggerted  another  meaning  of  mijfa,  viz. 
!••  miffio  ciborum, 

Mes  John,  the  par/on  of  the  parijh. 

Mefe,  Meis,  to  mitiga  e^  apf^^  ;fe,  or  /often.  Meiyt.fof- 
tcned  ;  probably  from  Fr.  atvufer. 

IViei"c-l,  leprous  perfon.  Fr.  mefel  &(.  tnefeau  \  from  Teut, 

Meflin,  Muflin.   See  .•'  aflal,  mixed  corn. 

Me  flip,  a  f mall  dog,  a  lady^s  dog  ;  from  Teut  mej/^nf 
puella. 

Mefurabill,  moderate,  within  meafure. 

Methis,  Me  V  this,  marks,land-marksf  boundaries ,  limits. 
Lat.  victa. 

jNIetis  (Gaw.  Douglas),  expl.  meet,  animis  obfervan- 
tur  ;  or  rather  dreamy  reprefent,  fancy ,  in  which  fenfe 
Chaucer  ufes  the  word ;  from  Sax,  inetan,  pin- 
gere. 

Mett,  a  meafurcy  either  of  length  or  capacity  ;  alfo  to 
meafure.  Teut.  meten,  metiri. 

iVIey.  See  May,  a  maid  ox  young  woman. 

Mid-eard,  the  earth.  Sax.  middan-eard.  Goth,  midjun- 
gardy  mundus,  oibis  terrarum. 

Midding,  dung-hill ;  Dan  Sax.  /«iW^//r^,  fterquillnium ; 
perhaps  from  Sax.  mucg^  acervus  ;  &  dincg^  ftercus, 
quafi,  a  liioiv  of  dung. 

Midges,  gnats,  f mall fites.  Theot.  mucca^  culex. 

Midle,  Medle,  to  mix,  Fr.  meflcr,  mifcere. 

Midwart, 


Mi.  ML 

Midwart,  Amidwart,  towards  the  middle. 

Migarnes,  meagernejs^  or  niggardlynefs.  See  Megin 

Mikle.  See  Mekill,^rffl/,  bulky. 

Millie,  Milk-fyth,  a  m'llk-Jlra'mery  q.  a  m'llk-Jleve. 

Mill,  Mull,  a  fnuff-boxj  ox  fnuff-horn. 

Mini,  printy  affeSiedly  coy. 

Minnj,  i7iothery  mammy.    Teut.  minne^  nutrix. 

Minnyng  daies,  minding  or  commemoration  days,  S\Ved. 

minnat.  Sax.  ^tf/wj/«a«,  rrieminifle. 
Minfing  mate,  perhaps  mefs-mate  ;  from  menfa. 
Mint,  attempt  ;  to  attempt^  to  try^  to  aim  at.     Sax.  ge-. 

myntedy  ftatutus,  depolitus,  prcemeditatus. 
Mirk,  Merk,  Mark,  dark.    Ifl.  myrkr.    Scand.  moerh^ 
morcky  obfcurus.    Sax,  mirce,  tenebrx,  career.  [Lat. 
murcus.l^ 
Mirknefs,  darknefs. 

^\xky ,  fmirkingy  fmiling,  merry.  See  Smirky. 
Mis,  Mi/s,  MySyJailure  in  duty^  faults,   what  is  amify, 
offences.  Teut.  misy  mffe,  erratum,  malum  ;  deliqui- 
um,  defeftus. 
Mis-aventure,  misfortunCy  mis -adventure.      See  Mifli- 

anter 
Mii-doubt,  to  douhtyfufpeBy  or  dijhelieve. 
Mis-farne,  Misfairn,  expl.  mi/managed  j  may  alfo  mean 
behaved   improperly,  or  unlawfully ■%    offended.      Sax. 
misfaran,   ofFendere,    errare.     To  which  may  per- 
haps be  added  mis-carried.     Teut.  mis  vacren,  male 
evenire,  perire.    See  Mis-fur. 
Mis'fur,  Mys-fure,  mifcarried  ;  from  I'eut.  mis-vaercuy 
male  evenire,  deviare,  q.  A.mis-fared  ;  iXioun  found, 
un  healthy,  infirm,  q.  un-fure  ;  from  Svved.  furey  fa- 
nus,  firmus  ;  wan-fur e,  infirm  us. 
Mis-grugled,  expl.  rumpled,  roughly  handled. 
Miihanter,   Mifchanter,  difafier,    mifchatice.     Fr.  mif- 

aventure  ;  quafi,  mis-annter,  infortunium. 
Mifharrit.  perhaps  Mis-fcheirit,  hollow  and  fhattcred, 

like  the  trunk  of  a  large  old  tree.  See  Schere. 
Mis-ken,   to  let  alone,    to  pafs  without  ohferving,  to  ne- 

glcB  ;  alfo  to  mis- know,  or  be  ignorant  of. 
Mis-leiiit,  mifchievouSy  unmannerly .  Sax.  mis-Jar. 

Mis-mpight^ 


Mi. Mo. 

Mia-maight,  put  out  offorts,  mis-marrowecl,  mls-fnatch- 

ed';  from  Scand.  make^  focius. 
Mis-fetting,  uuhesoming.'   Teut.  mis-fettenj  male  difpo- 

nere, 
Miffive,  a  letter  or  ep'ijlle.  Fr.  from  Lat. 
Mifslie,yb/iVflrj/j   from  fome  perfon  or  thing  being  a- 

n^ii^ing  or  abfent.  k' 

Mifter,  need^  Jlrait^  necejjity^   occajion  ;  alfo  to  neecl^  to 

require.  O,  Fr.  mejlier. 
Mis-trow,  Mis-tryft,  to  mijlrujl^  to  fufpecl^to  difbelieve. 

Teut.  mis  trowx^en,     Ifl.  mijlruay   diffidere,   male   fi- 

dere. , 
Miftryft,  to  break  an  engagement  with.  See  Tryft. 
MitUn?,  Mjttens,  woollen  or  worjled gloves.  Fr. 
Moblys,  Meubles,  moveable  or  houjhold  goods.     Fr. 

meubles. 
Moch,  Mowe,  a  heap.  Sax.  mucg,  acervus. 
Mochre,  to  heap  up  ;  from  the  fubftantive  Moch. 
Mochrand,  avaricious  ;  from  Moch,  a  heap. 
Mochrer,  Mukerar,  a  covetous  perfon,  or  one  who  care- 
fully hoards  up  money.   See  Okjr  &  Okyrer. 
Mocht.  See  Macht,  might, 
"^lodyvy  mother.  Teut.  moeder^  mutter  Sc  modder.  Dan. 

&  Swed.  moder.    Ital.  &  Span,  madre.    Sax.  mothor. 

Goth   mader.  Lat.  mater. 
Modjwart,   Mowdywart,  a  mole.     Dan,  muld-warp. 

Teut.  maulwerf,  talpa. 
Mold,  the  ground  or  earth.  Sax.  molde^  pulvis,  humus, 

fabulum.  See  Mule. 
Mollettis,  the  boffes  or  ornaments  of  bridles.  Fr.  moletle^ 

the  rowel  of  a  fpur  ;  mullet^  a  term  in  heraldry  for 

a  Jlar  off-lie  points. 
lSl-^'\  Mun.  See  Maun,  muf.  Goth.  muna. 
Mone,  the  moon.  Sax.  mona,  mena,  Swed.  moane.  Goth. 

mana^  luna. 
Mono's  or  Monys  cruke,  ufed  by  Bp.  Douglas  iot  full 

vioon  ;  crule  for  circle. 
Moneth,  w?(?/7/)?'.   Sax   &.  Goth.  zwowa^A,  menfis. 
Monteil,  mount.   Ital.  ino?iticello,  parvus  mons. 
Montur,  a  f addle  horfc.  Fr.  /-vo//f;//v,  jumentum  . 

Mony, 


Mo.  Mo. 

Monj,  many  ;  as  onj  for  any.  Goth,  moneg. 

Monyplics,  a  part  of  the  inteftines  of  Sattle. 

Monyfs,  to  admonijh.  Monyffingis,  admonitions. 

Mools,  Meals,  the  earth  of  the  grave.  Tent.  mul.  Goth* 
mulda,  pulvis. 

Mools,  Meuls.  See  MxiXes^  flippers. 

Mooter.  See  Multure,  g^ift  tnill-tolL 

Mor,  great.  Gael.  mor.  O.  Engl,  more,  magnus. 
Swed.  moor,  Celebris,  famofus.  Sax.  mare,  magnus, 
excelfus,  fummus,  illuftris,  clarus,  inlifrnis. 

Moreis,  Morys,  Moris,  Moorijh  dance.  Span,  morifco^ 
chironomia. 

Moriane,  expl.  dingy,  Scand.  morcii  obfcuruSj  q.  /«or- 
chian. 

Morn,  the  next  day,  to-morrbiv.  Teut.  morghen.  Goth. 
maurgin,  eras,  craftino. 

Mort-fundyit,  extremely  cold,  as  cold  a?  death.  SeeFun- 
dyt,  benumbed ;  from  Fr.  fondre,  q.  d.  fays  Ruddi- 
man,  ready  to  fall  ovjink  down  for  cold. 

Mort-mumblingis, />rflj)?^rj-  muttered  for  the  dead. 

Mofe,  Mofs,  a  marfh  or  boggy  place  ;  alfo  a  heath 
where  peats  can  be  digged,      ieut.  mofe,  mitffa,  palus. 

Mofs-troopers,  banditti  who  inhabited  the  marfhy  coun- 
try of  Liddifdale,  and  fuhfijied  chiefly  by  rapine*  Peo- 
ple of  this  defcription  in  Ireland  were  called  Bog- 
trotters,  apparently  for  a  firailar  reafon. 

Mot,  Myt,  Mat,  may,  might,  mufl. 

Mot,  Mote,  Moat,  a  little  hill  -with  a  flat  top  ;  for  the 
moft  part  artificial ;  fo  called  from  Swed.  &  Sax. 
mot,  conventus,  concilium,  an  affembly  or  meeting,  a 
court  of  judicature  ;  or  a  place  convenient  for  fuch 
purpofes. 

Mote.  See  Mute,  tojpeak,  to  harangue,  to  argue, 

MotViG,  full  of  motes  or  atoms.  S^x.  mot. 

Mou-band,  to  articulate  (cramp  or  difficult  words.) 

Mouir,  (Mure),  fuppofed  to  mean  gentle,  mild,  gra- 
cious. Swed.  moer,  mollis. 

Moule,  to  become  mouldy.  Moulyt,  Mouldit,  mouldy, 

Mounth,  hill,  mountain.  Lat.  mons. 

Moup,  to  nibble f  or  eat  with  a  quick  mfltion  of  the  jaws. 
Vol.  IV.  T  Moutit, 


Mo.  Mu. 

'M.onUtf  fcantyy  bare^  like  a  bird  in  mouting  time. 
Mow,  a  heap,  a  pile  or  hingy  as   of  unthreflxed  corn* 
Sax.  mowey  acervus. 

Mowdiwart.  See  Moldiart,  ptole.  Dan. 
Mowenccy  expl.  motion^  progrefs  ;  q.  movence. 

Mowis,  mouths^  mocks,  fportyjefl^  Mowar,  mocker, 

Moy,  Moye,  gentle,  mild,  foft,  eafy.  Teut.  moy, 
compttis,  ornatus,  elegans.  Vx.  mol  or  mou.  Swed. 
moer,  mollis. 

Moyen,  Mo  wen,  means  y  contrivahceSy  influence ,  inter  eft  ^ 
power.  Fr.  moyen,  ratio,  facultas. 

Moyle,  Main,  mule.  Teut.  ;w«y/,  muyl-efe^l,  muyl'dier^ 
raulus. 

Mojne.  See  Mone,  moon. 

Muek,  Mullock,  dung.  Sax.  meox,  ftercus.  Teut. 
moock-fack,  venter  animalium  ;  alfo  to  dung  ;  and  ta 
remove  dung,  to  clean.  Swed.  mocka^  ftabula,  purgare. 

.Muck-midding,  dung-hill.  See  Midding. 

Muckle.  See  Mekill,  great. 

Muddle,  to  drive,  heat,  or  throw.  Teut.  mutfen,  mutilare. 

Mudy,  expl.  penftve,  fad,  melancholy .■  Jeut.  moede^ 
muedcy  laffus,  defeffus  ;  moedigh,  lenis,  lentus,  mitis. 
It  may  alfo  fignify  courageous,  bold,  hardy ;  from 
Teut.  moedigh,  animofus,  acer,  alacer. 

"Mu'is,-  heaps,  parcels.  See  Moch  &.  Mow. 

Mukerar.  See  Mochrcr,  mifer,  iijurer. 

Mulde-mete,  the  loft  meat  that  a  perfon  eats  before 
death.  To  give  one  his  mulde  meat,  i.  e.  to  kill  him  f 
Swed.  multen,  putridus  ;  multna,  to  raioulder. 

Mules,  Moolie  i[heels,)  chilblains.  Fr.  mules. 

Mulettis,  expl.  ornaments  tin  bridles. 

Mull,  a  promontory.  Ifl.  muli,  a  fteep  bold  cape. 

Mullis,  Mulis,  Muilis,  chamber  or  night  flippers  ;  com- 
monly made  of  fine  cloth  or  velvet,  and  ornamenied 
according  to  the  rank  or  quality  of  the  peifon  who 
wore  them.  Teut.  muyl.  Fr.  mule  ;  from  Lat.  mul- 
leus,  fandalium,  calceamenti  genus  alta  folo. 

Multiplication,  alchemy,  tranf mutation  ofbafe  metal  in- 
to  gold. 

Multure,  the  grifl  or  millers  fee  for  grinding  corn.  Fr. 
wouturey  q.  d.  molitura. 

Mumping, 


JVlu.     .  Mu. 

Mumping,  ufing  Jignificnnt  gejiuresy    mumming.    TeuV 
mttmmeny  mommium  five  larvam  agere  j  to  frolic  in 
dilguife  ;  momme,  larva,  perfona. 
Mundie,  expl.  pitiful  f on  of  the  earth  ;  dimin.  of  man, 
MunyeoD,  minion.  Fr.  mignon. 
Muralyeis,  wails,  for ttf  cations.  Fr.  murailk. 
Murdrefar,  murderer  ;  alfo  a  large  cannon. 
Mure^  Muir,  a  heathy  or  flat  piece  of  ground  covered 

with  heather.  Sax.  mor.  ericetum,  mons. 
Murgeon,  to  mock  by  making  mouths.     Teut.  morkcUn^ 

grunnire  ;  morre^  os  cum  promentibus  labris. 
Murle,  Muller,  to  moulder ^to  crumble.  Yi2iX\.  fmuller. 
Murling,  Morthling,  Mart,  the  Jhin  of  a  young  lamby  or 

of  a  fheep  foon  after  it  has  been  fhorn.  See  Murth. 
Murmour   to  regret,  to  mourn. 
^urth,   Morth,    murder.     Teut.  moord.     Longobard- 

morth.    Scand.  mord^  mors  violenta,  csedes  homici- 

dium. 
JVIofardry,  mujing,  drtaming.    Fr.  mufardie  ;  from  mu- 

fery  or  Teut.  muyfeuy  abdita  magno  filentio  mquirere, 

(mures  tacite  quaerere.^   * 
Mufe-web,  Mous-wob,  cobweb  i  from  Fr.  moufche,  q. 
-   fly-net. 
jMulkane,  moj/y,  covered  with  mofs.    Teut.  mofachtigb^ 

mufcofus  ;  mosy  mufcus. 
Mullin  kail,  expl.  broth  made  of  barley  and  greens. 
IVIuflaling,  Muflal,  Mjffal,  a  veil  or  kerchief  covering 

part  of  the  face^  and  tied  under  the  chin  ;  from  Fr. 

emmufelery  to  muffle  up  y  emmufele,  a  term  in  Heral- 

dxjyfrenatus  ;   moufJelinCy  muflin. 
Muft,  mouldinefs  ;  q.  mofjed  ;  from  Teut.  moSy  mufcus. 
Mutch,  a  coif  G^c  capy  female  head-drefs.    Teut.  mutfe^ 

pileus,  pileum,  mitra,  vitta. 
Mutckin,  a  meafure  equal  to  an   Englijh  pint  ,•    quafi, 

mett-kan  ;  from  Teut.  meten^  meteUy  metiri,  &  canny 

vas  ;  or  perhaps  corrupted  from   Teut.  kommtken^ 

(chumkinj  vafculum. 
^ute,  Mote,  to  plead^  to  argue.  Sax.  mo//fl«,  difputare, 

rem  agere.  See  Mot,  the  primary  meaning  of  which 

was  probably  a  place  for  holding  any  kind  of  popular 

ajfembly.  [Teut.  muyten,  to  mutter.] 

Muthe, 


Muthe,  exhaujied  with  fatigue.  Swed.  mod.  Teut, 
moedey  mude,  maty  defelTus. 

Mjddil.  See  Midle,  to  mix.  Fr. 

]VJjd^ii  or  Middil-eard.  See  Mid-eard,  the  earth  ;  perr 
haps  fo  called,  fajs  Ruddiman,  becaufe  this  world 
has  been  confidered  as  a  middle-Jlate  betwixt  non- 
entity and  a  future  life. 

Mjddis,  midjl.  Mydlaft,  middlemost. 

Myis,  mice  ;  and  fo  Myir  for  mirey  Myil  for  mihy  &c. 

Myith,  expl.  to  mix  ;  perhaps  alfo  to  mett.  See  Meith. 

Mykil,  Muckle.  See  Mekill,  great. 

Mylnare,  miller.    Swed.  mcelnarey  molitor. 

ISlly xiy /mailer y  lefs.  Ifl.  minne.    Lat.  minus. 

Mynde,  Myne,  to  undermine^  to  overturn^ 

Mynge,  Menge.    See  Meng,  to  mingle, 

Mynour,  miner.  Fr.  mineur. 

Mynt.  See  Mint,  attempt. 

Myrit,  Merrit,  confoundedy  Jiupijied ;  perhaps  from 
T&wt.  fmooreny  fubmergere,  fuffocare  :  or,  according 
to  Ruddiman,  from  Sax.  myrrany  (probably  the 
fame  word,)  profundere,  perdere. 

Myrk,  dark.  Myrknefs,  darknefs.  See  Mirk. 

Mys.  See  M\&y  faults y  defeBs. 

JS/ljs-dGmingy  Jalfe judgment,  calumny.  SeeDemg. 

Myfel,  lifiper  or  leprous  (falmon.)  See  Maffal^ 

Myftar,  Myftir.  See  Milter,  luant^  need, 

Mythe.   See  Meith,  marky  limit. 

My  the,  to  mett  or  meafure.  Fr. 


Na 


Na.  .—.....-i.  Ne. 


N. 


Na,  Nor,  than. 

Nackettis,  Nicketts,  fmall  notches ;    alfo  markers  a% 

tennis  or  other  games.  Fr.  naquet. 
Nackie,  acute  or  clever  in  the  minutm  ofhujinefs^  or  ir^ 

fmall  affairs, 
'^^iypud.  mulieh,  expl.  Angl.  a  fort  of  tufted  fea-hudf 
Naig,  nag,  gelding.  Fris.  negghe^  equus  pumilus. 
Nakynge,  naked.  Ifl.  nakenn.,  nudus. 
Namekouth,  famous,  well  known.     Sax.  namkuthe,  q. 

nomine  feu  fama  notiflimus.  See  Couth. 
Nanjs,  Nanes,  nonce,  purpofe,   occafion  \  probably  of 
ecclefiaftical  origin  ;  with  fome  reference  to  the  time 
of  eating  the  chief  meal,  and  to  the  prayers  which 
were  then  recited,  viz.  the  Nonnes,  or  Mifla,  in  the 
fenfe  of  immiffio  ciborum.     '•  Something   for  the 
none s^^  fome  article  of  provifon  for  the  entertainment^ 
"  quod  olim  celebrari  foleat  ex  dbnis  a  populo  mif- 
fis."  Vojius. 
Nar,  nigher,  nearer. 
Narr,  Nearr,  Nurr,  to  fnarle.  as  dogs.    Teut.  knarren, 

grunnire. 
Nas,  na  was,  was  not. 
Nate,  Note,  ufe,  hufnefs.    Teut.  nutten,  uti,  fiui.     He 

would  note  it,  i.  e.  he  would  need  or  ufe  it. 
Nately,  Naithly.  neatly. 
Nathles,  not  the  lefs,  neverthelefs. 
Naven,  Navyne,  navy.fhipping. 
Ne,  to  neigh  as  a  horfe.  See  Nikker. 
Neaty,  expl.  very  identical. 
^eh,j/harp  point,  beak.  Teut.  nehhe,  roftrum. 
Nece,  niece^  grand- daughter,  a  lineal  female  defendant^ 

though  after  many  generations. 
Nechyr.  See  Nikker,  to  neigh. 
Nedd,  to  knedd.  Teut.  kneden. 

NefFul,  Neflfu'  neive-full,  handfull ;  from  neifov  neive, 
the  lift.  ]fl.  nefe,  knefe.  Dan.  naeve^  nefve. 

Neidder, 


Kc Ni. 

Neldder,  Neddyr,  adder.    Sax.  nedder,  ferpens.    Gotk, 

nadr^  vipera,  hydrus. 
Ne^d-force,  necejjlty,  compuljlon. 
Ne'd-fyre,^/v produced  hy  fr'tBion, 
Neidlingis,  Nedelingis,  necejjarily ^  of  neajjity. 
Neif,  Neef,  expl.  difficulty^  doubt.  Teut.  m^e^  difficills, 

invitus. 
Neir,  Nere,  to  approach ,-  2\io  tp  prefs  hard  upon.    Ifl, 

ny,  urgeo. 
Neirs,  Neres,  corruptly  Eres,  kidneys^  reins.     Teut. 

niere,  ren  j  nieren^  rjenes. 
Neis,  Neez,  Ne  ,  nofe,  promontory.  Scand  &  Sai.  nefe^ 

nafus,    promontorium.     Ir.  neas^   a  hill ;    alfo,   t^ 

fneeze.  Teut.  niefen^  fternuere. 
Neis-thyrle,  Nefthrylle,  mjlril.    Sax.  thyrely  foramen, 
I^eifty  Neyft.  Neft,  nigheft^  next. 
Nether,  Zoi^^r.  Nethermoft,  lovoeji.  Teut.  neder^  infra  j 

nederjlcy  infimus. 
Nethermare,  farther  down  or  below.  See  Nether. 
Nfthrin?,  opprejjion,  injury.  See  Nidder, 
Niiuk,  nook^  corner.  [  Teut.  nocke,  crena,  a  notch.] 
Neuo,  Nevo,  grand/on,  nephew.  Fr.  neveu,  nepos  ;  i^ow 

commonly  ufed  for  the  brother  ox  Jijler^s  fon. 
Nevell,  a  blow  with  the  nieve  otfjl. 
Nevin,  Neuin,  corr.  of  tiame.  *" 

Ntw'd,   Newit,  expl.  opprejpd,   kept  at  under.     Se? 

Nidderit. 
Newfangil,y^«f/  of  novelties  ;  from  Fang,  to  catch. 
Newit,  expl.  in-wrought. 
Newis,  NewySj  Newous,  parfimonious .  Sax.  hneawy  te- 

nax ;    hneawneffe^    tenacitas.     Swed.  noga^  parcus  \ 

nyfsy  avarus. 
Newlingis,  very  lately  ;  alfo  expl.  at  firfl, 
Newmoft,  ?iethtrmojly  lowef, 
Newth,  (Ncw^.  bene:)th. 
Neych,  Nygh,  Nyh,  to  approach.     Nyht,  Niht,    ap-, 

proached.  Teut.  naecken^  att'ngere.  Goth,  nequba. 
Nick,  to  chpty  to  circumvent.  See  Nackettis. 
Nick,  Auld  Nick,  the  devil.    Swed.  necken,  daemon  a- 

qualicus. 

Nickett. 


NI.  ^d. 

Nickett.  See  Nackettis,  fvudl  notches. 
Nidderit,  Nitheryt,    injured^    marred    or  Jlunted    in 
growth  ;  alfo  expl.  kept  in,  plagued.  Jlraitenedyjlarv- 
ed.  Sax.  nidan,  urgere  ;  nyded,  coa£lus.    Teut.  ver- 
nederen,  hutniliare,  deprimere  j  ver  nedert,  abjedus< 
Swed.  nidOf  damno  afficere.     Goth,   ruith,  invidia, 
rancor. 
Nidge,  Knidge,  to  prefs  hard,  to  fquee%e.    Sax.  nidan. 
NifFer,  NeifFer,  to  exchange  or  barter^  to  offer  or  to  take 

one  of  two  concealed  in  the  *'  nieves^ 
Nif-naffing,  trijiing. 
Nig-Tiaes,  expl.  trifles,  trinkets. 

Nilcker,  Nichar,  to  neigh  like  a  horfe,  to  laugh  immode- 
rately.   Fris.  negghe,  equus  pumilus.    Sax.  hncegan^ 
hinnire. 
Nild,  expl.  out'witted. 
Nip,  Jmall  piece,  a  hit,  that  which  is  nipped  off;  from 

Teut.  niipen,  interprimere,  conftringere. 
Nirles,  a  morbid  eruption  Jimilar  to  the  meajles. 
Noblay,  nobility.  Fr.  nohleffe. 
Nocht,  not. 

Nok.  See  Neuk,  angle,  corner.  Teut.  node,  crena. 
Nokket,  a   refrejhment  between  breakfaji  and  dinner  j 

perhaps  nooji  cate,  or  cake. 
Nokkys,  the  nocks,  notches  or  nicis  of  hows  or  arrows. 
Teut.  nocke,  incifura  fagittae  quse  nervum  admittit. 
Nokkit,  notched,  having  notches  ;  alfo  knocked. 
Noll,  head,  crown  of  the  head.  Sax.  knol. 
Nold,  would  7iot,  q.  no-would. 

Nonne,  nun,  religious  woman.  The  words  nonnux 
for  a  monk,  and  nonna,  a  nun,  are  as  old  as  the  days 
of  St,  Jerome  and  Arnobius,  but  the  derivation  un- 
certain., 
Nonne,  noon,  mid-day.  This  word,  at  different  perloJ;?^ 
feems  to  have  been  applied  to  different  houis  of  the 
day.  By  the  Italian,  French,  and  Anglo-Saxon  ec- 
clefiafties,  who  followed  the  Jcwifli  manner  of  com- 
putation, Nona,  or  Non,  was  ufed  to  denote  the  ninth 
hout  both  of  day  and  night,  correfponding  with  our 
fhree  o'clock.  ,At  this  hour  of  the  day  they  cat 
'  their 


No.  Mu. 

their  principal  meal,  and  offered  up  certain  prayers 
called  the  Nonnes,  at  other-  times  Miffci,  or  the 
M.afs.  Tyrrwhit,  however,  explains  None,  (as  ufed 
by  Chaucer,^  the  ninth  hour  of  the  natural  day  ^  nine 
o'clock  in  the  morning  \  the  hour  of  dinner.  Perhaps 
the  prayers  called  the  nones  were,  in  Chaucer's  time, 
recited  three  hours  before  inftead  of  three  hours  af- 
ter mid-day.  Be  this  how  it  may,  the  Sax.  word 
JSTow  appears  no  where  to  fignify  any  other  hour 
than  three  o'clock  ;  and  therefore,  in  its  prefent  ac- 
ceptation, muft  be  comparatively  modern.  Noney 
fays  Cotgrave,  is  in  fummer  about  four  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon,  in  winter  about  two.  See  Pryme. 

Nor,  than. 

Norlich,  Knurlich,  a  lump  or  hard  fwelling  occafioned 
by  a  blow,  a  knurl  or  Hour.  Teut.  knor^  nodus. 

Normans,  Norwayis,  Norwegians  or  Snvedes,  Scandina~ 
vians,  q.  north  men  ;  from  whom  Normandy  in 
France  took  its  name. 

Norfe,  belonging  to  the  Normans  or  Scandinavian t. 
Norfe  tung,  Scandinavian  language. 

Not,  know  not  \  contr.  from  no  wot. 

Not,  fometimes  ufed  for  nought  or  nothing. 

Note,  Nate,  to  ufe,  to  have  octajion  for.  Sax.  noiian, 
Scand.  wy/a-,  uti,  frui. 

Notis,  ufesypurpofes.  See  Note,  to  ufe. 

Notour,  notorious. 

Now,  Know,  knoll,  little  hill.  Theot.  nollo,  coUis  ,  nol- 
len^  colli  bus. 

Nowellis,  Novellis,  newsyfrejh  intelligence. 

Nowt,  Nolt,  neat-cattle.  Scand.  &  Fenn.  ?iauti  boves. 
Sax.  neat,  nyten,  niten,  pecus,  jumentum  ;  nearly  re- 
lated to  Scand.  nytu  vel  nyttia,  uti,  frui. 

Nowthird,  Nolt-heard,  a  keeper  of  neat  cattle. 

Nowthyr,  Nothir,  neither,  not.  Sax.  nowther. 

Noy,  to  annoy,  vex,  or  trouble.    Swed.  noga,  liedere. 

Noyis,  Noys,  annoyances,  injuries. 

Noyt,  to  frike  as  with  a  f mall  flick, 

Nuckle,  exp).  new-calved  cows. 

Numeft,  neathmofi,  nethermoji  ;  in  contra-diftinftion  to 
Umeft,  uppermoji^ 

Nnmmyn, 


Nu.- Ny. 

Nummyn,  to  tahcy  to  carry  away.  Teut.  Sax.  &  Goth. 
nemen,  niman^  capere.  Engl,  to  nitnm. 

Nuryce,  niirfe.  Fr.  nourriffe^  nutrix.  Swed.  naray  a- 
lere  :  &  fervare,  falvare  ;  Nerigendj  falvatoris  no- 
men  ;  correfponding  with  the  Sax.  Hcelendy  from 
hcelarty  fanare,  falvare ;  fcil.  qnoniam,  "  he  fothlice 
hjs  folc  hal  gedeth  fram  hyra  fynnutn." 

Nycht.  See  Neyht,  approached^  came  nigh. 

Nychted,  drew  towards  night.  **  It  is  not  lefum,  (fay 
the  antient  Laws  of  Scotland),  to  travel  in  time  of 
nicht,  except  for  thir  caufes,  viz.  to  bring  ane  preift 
to  ane  lick  man,  <5r  to  carry  corns  to  the  myln,  or  to 
return  therefra  ;  or  for  gudes  laitly  ftoln  or  tint." 

Nygar,  negro.    Fr.  negre* 

Nymphis  X2LgG,fmor  lymphatkuSy  vel  uterinus, 

Nynd,  ninth.  Goth,  niunda. 

Nyte,  to  deny.  Nyt.  denied.  111.  neitOf  negare. 

Nyte,  to  noyt  or /mite,  to  ftr'ikejmartly.  Swed.  nudda, 
leviter  attirigere.  111.  hnudla,  digitis  prenfarc. 


V0L..IV.  U  O 


Ob.  Oe. 


o. 


O,  of,  in. 

ObedjentIarie,y5^^fl^flf«  under  canonical  obedience  ;  al* 
fo  expl.  a  church  officer.  Fr. 

Obeyfe,  Obefe,  to  obey.  Fr.  obeis. 

Obeyfand,  obedient.  Fr.  oheijfnnt. 

Obfufque,  to  darken.  Fr.  offufquer. 

OhliO:, Jiipulated,  promifedy  obliged,  fuhjeSicd.  Obi jfjrng, 
obligation.  Fr. 

Oblive,  oblivion,  forgetfulnefs.  Fr.  oubli. 

Obfervaunce,  refpeEi,  duty.  Fr. 

Obtemper,  to  yield  to.  Fr.  obtempere,  obeis. 

Ochiern,  defined  by  Skene,  *'  ane  name  of  dignity  and 
of  ane  freeholder  ;  who  appeiris  to  be  f  equal  ho- 
nour and  preheminence  with  the  fon  or  daughter  of 
an  Thane,  qiiha  baith  hes  the  like  marcheta,  viz. 
twa  kids,  or  twelve  pennies.  And  the  un-lawe 
quhilk  the  king  may  take  fra  ane  Thane  is  fex  kye, 
and  fra  ane  Ochiern  fiftene  fcheip  or  fex  fchillings.'* 
The  title  originally  might  fignify  lord' of  an  ijland, 
from  Sax.  aege.  Hib.  oghe,  infula ;  &  Scand.  &  1  eut. 
herre,  vel  Sax.  hearra,  dominus. 

Ochre,  Occour.  See  Okyr,  ufury, 

Ocht,  ought,  any  thing. 

OSiane,  the  ocean,  the  fea, 

Odibill,  Odible,  odious,  hateful,  Lat. 

Odour,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  expl.  nafinefs ^ filth . 

Odyr,  Udyr,  other,  fecond;  alfo  expl.  each  other.  Goth, 
anthar,  alter,  alius. 

Oe,  Oy,  grand-child,  grand-daughter  ;  feems  to  have 
fome  affinity  with  Teut.  moeme,  neptis  ;  moeye,  ma- 
tertera,  matris  foror  ;  &  araita,  patris  foror  ;  moyen 
dochter,  confobrina,  materterae  filia  ;  moyen  kinderen, 
fobrinij  the  fame  want  of  precifion  prevailing  here 
as  in  other  appellations  of  confanguinity. 

Oethes.  See  Aithis,  oaths. 

Of, 


Of.  Or. 

Of,  throughy  frontf  by.  Teat,  qf^  ab,  de. 

Of  before,  forvierly.,  in  times  paji. 

Offerandis,  oblations.  Fr.  offrande, 

Off-ftraik,  didjlrike  ox  f mite  off. 

Oft-fyis,  Oft-fythes,  oft-times^  often.   See  Syis. 

Ogertful,  expl.  nice^  fqueamijh  ;  perhaps  fromOkyruf- 

ed  for  wealth,  quafi,  purfe-proud.     [Sax.  og,  horror, 

timor.]  See  Ugfum. 
Oifillis,  blackbirds.  Sax.  ojle^  meriila. 
Oift,  Olt,  hojl,  army.  Fr.  q/l,  exercitus. 
Okyr,  Ochre,  Occour,  ufury.    Teat,  oecher,  ufura,  fge- 

nus  ;  woeckeren,  ufuram  exercere  ;    oecken.     Goth. 

aukan,  augere,  to  eke  or  add. 
©kyrer,  Ochrer,  ufurery  mifer.  Teut.  ivoecherery  iifura- 

rius, 
Olye.  See  Oyhle,  oil.     Ole-doly,  faid  to  be  the  fimc 

with  Ayl-dolly,   and  to  fignify  fimply  fvoeet  oily  ia 

contra-diftinftion  to  whale  oil.  Fr.  huile  douce. 
Olyphant,  elephant.  Teut.  olefnnt.  Sax.  olfand. 
Omnigatherene,  univerfalj:olle6iion. 
On,  one,  an. 

On,  Wone,  expl.  wane,  ear  or  carriage.  Teut.  wagen. 
On-ane,  Onone,  anon,  quickly. 
On  bread,  abroad,   wide   open,  largely^      On  cais,  by 

chance.     On  dreich,  at  a  dijlance.     On  flocht,  m  fuf- 

pence,  <\.  fluttering  ;  and  fo  in  various  other  inftances. 
On-dantyt,  wild,  untamed^  not  trained.   Fr.  indomte. 
On-eith.  See  \5wt\i\\,  fcarcely,  not  eaftly. 
On  hie,  fpeedily,  apace.  See  Hie. 
On  loft,  aloft,  above,  on  high,  loud, 
On-tray,  to  betray. 
On-walowyd,  Un-wallowit,  unfaded.     See  Walow,  to 

fade.     In  the  Scottiih  dialed,  the  particle  on  corref- 

ponds  univerfally  with   the  Engl,  negative  particle 

un. 
Ony,  any.  Onykin,  any  kind  of. 
Onys,  once. 

Optene,  to  obtain  ;  in  old  charters  optinco. 
Or,  ere,  elfe,  before,  before  that^  rather  than. 
Oratoir,  Oratouie,  Oratory,  a  place  of  worfhtp,  whe- 

ther  public  or  private  j  a  clofet.     Fr.  oratoircj  facel- 

lum  ; 


Or.  Ot. 

lum  ;  alfo,  according  to  Bp.  Douglas,  the  place  from 
whence  oracles  or  refponfes  were  gfuen, 

Ordal,  Ordele,  judicial  trial  by  fire^  water  or  combat  ; 
according  to  Kilianus  and  others,  final  judgment ; 
from  Teut.  oor,  vel  over,  fupra,  fuperior,  omnino ; 
&  deel,  judicium.  Theot.  ordelen,  urdela^  difcernere 
&  dijudicare  rem  quamvis,  etiam  extra  judicium. 
According  to  Regiam  Majefiatentn,  in  a  cafe  of  trea- 
fon,  *'  where  batell  is  lawfullie  declined,  on  account  of 
age  or  infirmity,  by  him  quha  is  accufed,  he  is  ob- 
lifled  to  acquite  and  clenge  himfelf  be  the  judgment 
of  God,  that  is,  be  hote  iron,  gif  he  be  ane  frie  man ; 
or,  be  water,  gif  he  be  ane  hufbandman."  Jhre  de- 
fines ordeluy  liti  finera  imponere  ;  ur  finem  rei  impo- 
fitum  notat ;  &  delay  litigare. 

Ordinance,  array.  Fr. 

Orere,  Ourere,  expl.  arrear,fall  back.  Fr. 

Orfeverie,  Orphray,  Orphany,  gold  work,  gold  embroid' 
ery.  Fr.  orfevrerie  ;  from  Lat.  aurifaber. 

Orlege,  Orlagere,  Orliger,  a  clock,  dial,  or  any  machine 
that  Jhews  the  hours.  Fr.  horloge,  from  Lat. 

Orpit,  expl.  proud,  haughty  ;  alfo  humourfome  (capri- 
cious) and  pettijh.    Sax.  or~mod,  fine  mente,  amens, 

Orrow,  Orra,  (a  perfon  or  thing),  not  in  immediate  em- 
ployment. Orrow  man,  a  day  labourer  ;  probably  a 
corr.  of  Swed.  udda,  impar,  q.  an  odd  man  or  thing  ; 
if  not  from  Scand.  cere,  nummi  minuti  fpecies,  a  me- 
tallo  cereo,  quo  cOnftabat,  ita  difti ;  quafi,  one  who  ac- 
cepted of  a  little  money  for  his  work,  inftead  of  being 
fed  and  cloathed  by  his  mafter.  The  fame  Scand, 
word  fignifies  alfo,  according  to  Jhre,  any  kind  of 
moveables,  particularly  houlhold  furniture  or  uten- 
fils  ;  which  agrees  with  the  application  of  the  Scot- 
tiih  word /a /^/;2^^j  in  its  fecondary  fenfe.  Orra  has 
.  an  appearance  of  affinity  with  Forra  or  Forrow 
(cow,)  qm^  fallow. 

Ofan,  hofanna. 

Ofzil,  the  thrujh  or  black-bird.  Ofillis,  oufels.  Sax.  ofie, 
merula. 

Othir,  Owthir,  either  j  fecond, 

Over-by, 


Ov.  _— .  Ou, 

Over-by,  expl.  to  pur  chafe  pardon. 
Overling,  Juperior,  paramount  ;  oppos.  to  underling. 
Ouereft,  Overeft^^r/?,  greatejl^  q.  overmoji. 
Oughtlins,  Ochtlins,  in  the  leaji  ;  from  Ought. 
Ouk  Owke,  Oulke,  week.  Sax.  uca^  hebdomas. 
Ouklie,  Owklj,  weeJk/j. 
Oup,  Oop,  to  Join  by  hooping.  See  Loup- 
Our,  Owr,  Oure,  Ouer,  over,  oppojite,  beyond^  after. 
Omv -come,  fur  plus.  Ouercunimjne,  overcome. 
Our-fett,  perhaps  the  fame  with  Our  fret,  expl.  on^er- 
fpread,  decked  over^  embellijhed.     Sax.  fraetvoan^  or- 
nare.  [Swed.yf^^/a,  colligare.] 
Our-fleit,  to  overjlowy  to  over-run.  See  Flelt. 
Our-gang,  to  over-run.  Our-gane>  over-run^  pafl  ;  alfo 

expl    ^aept  under.  See  Gang. 
Our-hall,  to  over.hauly  to  enquire  into,  or  treat  of. 
Our-harle,  expl.  overcame  ;  rather   to   overcome.     See 

Harle. 
Our-heild,  Ouerhede,  to  cover  over.  See  Heild. 
Our-hie,  to  overtake.     Our-hude,  expl.  over-run,  went 

over. 
Our-hippit,  pcjfed  or  leaped  over  ;  q.  d.  over-hopped. 
Our-lard,  over-lord,  fuperior.  See  Laird. 
Our-lay,  cravat. 
Our-lay'it,  fmothered,  opprejfed. 
Our-loftis,  the  decks  or  orlops  of  fhips  ;  q.  d.  fuprema 

navis  contabulatio. 
Our-lowp,  Owr- lop,  an  occafonal  trefpafs  of  cattle  on  a 

neighbouring  pajlure.  Sax.  ofer-leopan.  tranfire. 
Our-man,  Overs-man,  third  arbiter y  fuperior. 
Ourn,  to  adorn.  Fr.  orner.  Lat. 
Our-raucht,  over^reached,  over-took.  See  Kaucht. 
Our-reik,  to  reach  ov  f  retch  over.  See  Reik. 
Our-fet,   tired  out,  overcome ;    alfo   to  hinder    or  re- 

Jirain. 
Our-ikaile,  to  diffufe  or  over-fpread.    See  Skaile.' 
Our-fyle,  Our-fylde,  covered  over,  to  conceal,  or  cover  \ 

to  beguile,  or  circumvent ;  to  furround.  See  Sjle. 
Our-tho^t,  Ouerthortore,  athwa*'t,  acrofs. 
Our-tyrve,  to  turri  up  fide  down.  Ifl.  tyrva. 
Our-volvit,  turned  over,  revolved.   Lat. 
Our-welterand;  cvertkrowing,  weltering  over. 

Our- word, 


OvL.  -i Oy. 

Our-word,  burthen   (of  a  fong,)  words  or  phrafe  often 

repeated,  »■ 

Oury,  Oiirie,  Urle,  having jhe  hiir  on  end^  llkeahorfe 

overcome  with  cold.    ^Fj.  herij}e.'\    By  confequencc 

Jhtveringy  drooping 
Ok'/iTen    oxen    OwiTen-bow,  a  j/o-f^. 
Out,  0\xl\y,  fully,  eompleatly,  altogether. 
Gut-an'e,  except ,  q.  d.  out  taken. 
Out-brade,  to  fiart  out,  to  burji  out ;  alfo  drew  out,  un- 

foeathed.  See  Brade. 
Out-buUerand,  gujhing  out,  huhling  forth.  See  Bullei'. 
jOut  fang  theit'.  See  Infang  theif. 
Out-gatis,  ways  to  get  out. 
puth,  out,  ahove^  over,  Outhmaft.  Sec  Ummefl,  upper^ 

moji. 
Out- home,  horn  of  a  Jentinel  or  vDatchman  to  found  a 

larm  ;  the  fummoning  to  arms  by  the  found  of  a  horn. 
Out-Uiik,  Out  lack,  the  fuperabundant  quantity  in  weight 

or  meafure. 
Out-lair,  Outler,  out-Iyer,  a  horfe,  ox,  or  eow  nothoufed 

in  winter. 
Out-owre,  over,  beyond. 

Oai-quent,  fpent,  extinguijhed.   See  Queinth. 
Out- rake,  an  expedition,  an  out-ride.    See  Raik.    Alfb 

an  extenfive  open  pailnre  for  Jheep  or  cattle. 
Out-r'-cd,  to  difentangle,  to  extricate  ;  alio  explained  j?^ 

nijhed. 
Oul-ihinii'd,  deformed  in  the  leg-hones. 
Out-light,  out-door  furnitu  e  or  utenfils.    Outfight  ancj 

In-fight  plenniihing,  goods  within  and  without  doors. 
Out-ftriking,  cutaneous  eruption. 
Out-wayl,  outcast,  refufe.  See  Wale,  to  feleB. 
Out- with,  without,   out  of,   (extra);  fo  written  to  dif- 

tingu'fh  it  from  without,  fine. 
Ox-ee,  the  Tom- tit,  a  bird. 

Oxtar,  arm-pit.  Sax.  oxtan.   Tent,  oxel^  axilla. 
Ove.   Sei'  Oe,  gmnd-child,  v-rnnd  daughter. 
Ovhle,  0;ie,  Ulle    oil.  Teut   olie.    Goth,  alewe,  olium. 

See  Olie. 
Ovhnt.  at.oint.    Fr   oindre,  ungere. 
O;'   '.-.  Ui^c    oven.    Swed. 
Ojs,  Ois,  ufe,  custom  J  to  ufe. 


Pa.  Pa. 


P. 


Pa,  pay, 

P^,  Paw  ;  perhaps  contr.  from  Pavene,  a  Spanijh  dance. 

Pace,  Pas,  Easter^  or  Pafch. 

Pack,  Paft,  stock,  fortune^  capital.   Tcut.  pack. 

Pack,  gangf  parcel  of  people  ;  nearly  the  fame  with 
Batch. 

Padde,  Padclow,  Paddoick,yro§-.  Dzn.  paddej  rana. 

Paddow-hair,  the  first  down  upon  nestlings.  Teut.padde- 
hayr. 

V^AAovf-Tt^Ay Jrog-fpawtt.   Teut.  padde-rech. 

Paddow-ftool,  mujhroom,    Ttxit.  padde-stoel^  boletus. 

PadelJ,  Puddil,  a  ftnall  leathern  hag  or  ivallet  for  con- 
taining a  pedha's  wares.  Teut.  buydel,  bulga,  cru- 
mena,  facculus,  marfupium  j  hence  probably  Ped- 
lar. See  Pedder. 

Padyane,  expl.  pageant. 

Page,  a  boy.  Fr.  page,  petit  garcon. 

Paiks,  chastifementy  a  drubbing.  \Q..piacka.  Swed. picl^a, 
minutis  i6libus  tundere. 

Pairles,  FevleSy  paralytic  affeRion,  palfy.  Ga.el. pairlis. 
¥r.  paraly/ie  paralyfia. 

Paift,  Paft,  repast.  6.  Fr.  paistre. 

Paitlait,  Patelet,  Partlait,  a  kind  of  ruff" for  wearing  a- 
bout  the  necks  either  of  men  or  women  \  qu^{\  paitra- 
lette  i  from  Fr.  poitral,  (peftorale,)  antilena,  a  co- 
ver for  the  neck  and  breall. 

Palice,  a  palace  ;  fometimes  ufed  for  a  city  or  town,  as 
the  Lat.  arx,  by  the  poets. 

Pall,  ufed  by  Bp.  Douglas  for  any  rich  or  fine  cloth, 
particularly  purple.  Scznd.  pell,  panni  fcrici  genus. 
Theot  phellcf  pannus  pretiofus  ;  pfeller,  purpura. 
Fr.  palle^  poile. 

Pallach,  expl.yix/  andjhort  ,•  round  as  a  hall 

Pallat, 


Pa.  Pa. 

Pall  at,  Pallet,  the  head,  the  crown  of  the  head  or  fcutt  % 
perhaps  a  dimunitive  oi  poll,  q.  A.  pallet.  Whatever 
be  the  derivation,  fays  Ruddiman,  I  much  incline  to 
think  that  the  Engl,  pate  and  Scot,  pallat  are  origi- 
nally the  fame. 
Pallioun,  Palione,  Pailleoun,  a  pavilisn  or  tent.  Gael. 
&  \x.  paiUiun.  Fr.  pavilion.  It  feems  alfo  to  fignify 
fome  kind  of  large  mantle  ox  Jheet .  Swed.  pell,  auleum 
umbraculum. 
Pallyour,   Pailleour,   Pallart,    whoremonger^  libidinous 

fellow.  Fr.  paillardf  fcortator. 
Pallyaidry,  whoredom.  Fr.  paillardife,  impudicitia. 
Palmer,  a  devout  pilgrim.  IQ..  palmare,  from  palm,  con- 

tus,  fuftib,  correfponding  with  bourdon,  q.  v. 
Pamplette,  Pamplerte,  Pamphelet,   (Vol.   I.  p.   324, 
mis-printed  Pamprette)  a  plump  young  woman  ;  a  di- 
minutive formed  from  Teut.  pampoelie,  mulier  crafla. 
Pand,  pawn,  pledge  ;  alfo  to  pledge. 
Pane,  Payne,    to   take  pains,  to  exert  (himfelf.)     Alfo 

endeavour,  labour.  Fr. 
V^ng^  to  cram.  Swed.  pung.  Goth,  jl)//^^,  crumena. 
Pannel,  culprit  or  malefaSior  at  the  bar. 
Panfe,  to  think,  to  meditate,  O.  Yx.  panfer. 
Pantand,  breathing,  living. 

PantoufFels,yfl«(ffl/x.  Texxt.  p«ntoffel,  crepida,  fandali- 
um  ;  pantoffel  hont,  fuber.  Fr.  &  Ital.  almoft  the 
fame.  Swed. /o^/.  Ifl  ?(7/>/rt,  "  proprie  notat /a- 
bulam  (inquit  Jhre)  pedibus  fuppofitam,  qualibus 
utebatur  antiquitas.  Exteri  fyllabam  addunt," — 
Pant  is  probably  Theot.  bant,  vincula ;  whence 
hinden,  ligare.  Another  derivation  is  from  the  fame 
hant  and  Teut.  hoof  en,  hoefen,  hufen,  unguljc,  q.  ar- 
tificial hoofsfajlened  to  the  feet. 
Pantounis,    Pantons,  Jlippers ;    probably  contr.  from 

PantoufFels. 
Pape,  Paip,  the  Pope.  Fr.  pape.  Lat.  papa. 
Papelarde,  hypocrite.  Yx.  pnpelard. 
Papingay,  Papingo,  the  bird  called  a  popinjay  or  par- 
rot.    Teut.  Fr.  &cc.  papegay,  pfittacus,  c^.  papagal- 
lus. 

Parage, 


i>a.  _—  fa, 

Varage,  parentage^  kindredy  quality.  Fr.  parage^  p'ii* 
raige.  Of  hie  parage,  of  great  valuCf  of  high  qua" 
^ity. 

Parald,  Perald,  apparelled^  drejfed. 

Paramour,  afweet-heart  or  lover  (of  either  fex.) 

Pardonar,  a  fellow  who  went  about  felling  the  Pope*s 
pardons  and  indulgencies. 

I*are,  to  empair^  lefjon,  or  diminifh. 

Paregale,  Perigal,  Peregall,  equal.  Fr.  from  Lat.  q. 
percequalis  ;  or  from  patr^  par  &  egaly  like  the  Lat. 
facro-fanftus. 

Parifjr,  to  make  equal,  to  compare  ;  alfo  expl.  to  pro* 
tea. 

Park,  to  perchy  to  Jit  down.  Fr.  perchery  s'affeoir. 

Parlour,  Parlure,  converfation^  debate  ;  from  Fr.  par- 
ler, 

Vnroche,  pari/h.  hzt.  parochia^ 

Parrok,  a  very  Jmall  inclofute.  Sax.  pearroCy  faltus, 
feptum. 

Parfellit,  e^-pl.Jiriped. 

Parfementis,  Perfementis,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  expl.  li- 
very  coats  wrought  with  divers  colours,  or  over-laid 
with  galoons  or  laces  ;  from  Fr.  pafjemens.  Or  Par- 
fementis may  fignify,  fays  Ruddiman,  partitions  or 
divijions  ;  from  Fr.  partiment  or  partiffement. 

Parfenere,  Parcener,  partner,  poriioner,  co-heir, 

Partan,  the  flieU  fifh  called  a  crab.  Gael. 

Particate,  expl.  by  Skene  ane  rutd  of  land, 

Partifman,  partaker,  Jharer  ;  q.  partfman. 

Parties,  Pairtlcs,  impartial,  taking  no  part  orfde^free, 

Parure,  trimming,  ornament.  Fr. 

Pas,  Pafche,  Pais,  Pes,  Pafq,  Paik,  time  of  Eafler.  Gr, 
pafcha. 

Pas,  (Winton),  expl.  divifton  of  a  book. 

Pafe,  Pais,  to  poife,  to  lift  with  difficulty.  Pafit,  Payfit, 
weighty,  heavy,  heaped.  Pafand,  Payfand,  heavy,  pon- 
derous ;  from  Fr.  pefer,  ponderofum  effe. 

Pafementis,  borders  of  lace.  Yx.  paffement,  textilis  lim- 
bus,  vitta.  See  Parfementis. 

Paffingeoure,  paffage-boat,  ferry-boat. 

Vol.  IV.  X  Paflance, 


Pa.  Pe. 

Paflance,  paJlime,fport,  play.  Fr.  pajfetemps. 

Pat,  the  pret.  of  the  verb,  to  put. 

Patten,  the  cover  of  the  Chalice  ufed  in  the  Mafs.    Lat. 

patina. 
Patrellis,  (Paytrellis),  pi.  oi poitrelly  petrell,  or  breajl' 
leather  of  a  draught  horfe  ;  probably  alfo  fome  de^ 
fenfive  covering  for  the  neck  of  a  vjar  horfe.     Fr.  poi- 
tral ;    q.  d.  Lat.  peciorale.     Hence  by  corruptioa 
Paitlet,  a  ruff. 
Patteraris,  repeaters  of  pater-noflers  ;  thofe  who  are  OC' 
cupied  in  the  offices  of  religion  ;  formed  from  the  firfl: 
word  of  the  Lord's  prayer  in  Latin.     Chaucer  ufes 
the  verb  to  patter  in  the  fame  fenfe. 
Pavene,  Pavyne,  Pavie,  Pailvan,  a  grave  danccy  "  where- 
in the  women  in  turning  round  form  their  train  in- 
to a  wheel  like  the  tail  of  a  peacoci."  Fr.  pavon. 
Pauis,  Pais,  expl.  weight  ;  from  Fr.  pefer.     The  for- 
mer, however,  according  to  Ruddiman,  may  fignify 
a  pavife  or  large  Jhield.    Fr.  pavois. 
Pauchtie,  expl.  proud,  haughty  ;    alfo  naughty. 
Paukie,  ^,  cunning,  artful;  but  without  any  unfair 

intention.  [Teut.  bats,  the  fame.] 
Paukis,  tricks,  'toilei.    See  Picht. 
Pawne,  Pavone,  Pawine,  peacock.  Fr.  pavon. 
Pax,  a  fmall  crucifix  ;  ordained  by  Pope  Leo  IL  ta  be 
carried  about  in  church  and  kifled  by  the  people  ; 
in  allufion  to  the  words,    "  My  peace  I  give  unto 
you." 
Pay,  to  hire.  Pay  it,  hired.  Teut.  pay  en. 
Pay,  to  heat  or  chajiife.  Payis,  Payehis,  Paiks,  chq/lifc' 

ment.  Wei.  pwyo,  to  ftrike.    Swed.  pi^h,  fuflis. 
Payne,  Paynim,  pagan,  heathen.  Fr.  payen,  peganus. 
Payntit ;  printed  erroneoufly  for  paytent,  patent. 
Pearl  in,  edging  or  border  of  thread-lace. 
Peafint,  worihlefs  perfon.     See  Befyne,  whore,   baud. 

[Gael,  pea/an,  diminutive  fellow.] 
Peax,  peace  ;  piece. 

Pech,  Peygh,  to  puff  ox  breathe  thick  ;  ex  fono. 
Peddir,  Pether,  a  merchant,  a  pedlar,  "  or  cremar  quha 
beirb  ane  pack  or  creame  upon  his  bak ;    called  a 
beirar  of  the  puddil  by  the  Scottifmen  in  the  realm 

of 


Pe.  Pe. 

of  Polonia,  qiihairof  I  faw,   fays  Skene,  a   greate 

multitude  in  the  town  of  Cracowia,  A.  D.  1569." 
Pee-wyt,  the  green  plover  or  lapwing  ;   fo  called  from 

its  note.  Teut.  pie-wyt,  vanellus. 
Peet-mow,  the  drofs  or  duji  of  broken  peats, 
Peggral,  Pygrall,  (corrup.  from  beggar  i  q.  Beggral,) 

heggarly^  pitiful,  petty. 
Peil,  Peir,  matchy  equal  \    as  in  the  phrafe  •*  fliew  me 

the  peil  of  that."  Fr.  pair. 
PeiJ,  Pele,  /»;'/<?,  Jlrong  boldy  fort,   originally,  it  would 

feem,  of  a  conical  form  ;  from  Teut.  piiLe,  fedes,  me- 

ta,  pyrarais. 
Peild,  bald ;  q.  peeled  ;  from  Peil,  to  rob.  Fr.  piller. 
Peilour,  Pellour,  Pillour,  one  who  acquires  by  pilling  or 

plunder  ,•  from  Fr.  piller^  diripire. 
Peir,  quay,  wharf ;  corrup.  of  Yeilffortif  cation. 
'Peirles,  peerleff,  not  tp  be  equalled,  incomparable.  Fr. 
Peirs,  ajiy  colour ;  or  a  colour  between  red  and  blue.  O, 

Yx.  perSyperfe,  cgefius,  glaucus. 
Peifs,  Pefs,  Peife,  to  appeafe,  calm,  or  affwage.    O.  Fr. 

paifer  ;  and  that  from  Lat.  pacare. 
Pellet,  Pellot,  a  fheep  fkin,  particularly  after  the  wool 

has  been  taken  off.  Fr.  pelletier  from  Teut.  pelt%. 
Pellet,  Pellock,  a  pellet,  bullet^  or  ball.     Fr»  pelote,  pi- 

lula. 
Pelth,  wealth,  riches,  goods  ;  perhaps  from  Fr.  piller , 

to  plunder  ;  as  Jiealth  from  Ileal,  and  wealth  from 

weal  or  wail,  eligere. 
Peltrie,  Pelthrie,    trajh,   goods    of  little   value ;    from 

Swed.  paltor ;  or  a  diminutive  fprmcd  from  Pelf  or 

Pelth. 
Pelure,  expl.  cojll^  fur.     O.  Fr.  pelts,  fine  fhort  wool, 

fuch  as  that  of  lambs. 
Pen,  a  high  mountain.    Gael,  beann  ;  from  Theot.  &  C. 

3rit.  pen,   ben,  ban,  fan,  altus,  excelfus,  fummitas, 
^  caput,  dominus  ;  whence  perhaps  banner  &c  pennon  ; 

alfo  Goth.  Fan,'  deus,  dominus. 
Pend,  a  dungeon,   or  apartment  with  a  vaulted  roof  of 

fione.    Fr.  pente.    As  the  fituation  of  a  d^mgeon  was 
originally  on  the  top  of  a  caftle,  the  name  of  Pend  is 

probably 


Pe.    ■    .        Pe. 

probably  of  the  fame  origin  with  Pen,  a  high  moun* 

tain.  \JLzt.  pinna. '\ 
Pend,  Pendle,  pendant ;   from  Lat.  pendere. 
Pendicles,  dependencies  ;  from  Lat.  pendere. 
FenneVf  penca/e.  Fr. 
Penny-mail,  a  trijling  acknowledgment  paid  annually  to 

the  Lord  of  the  Manor. 
Penown,  pennant y  a  fmall  banner ^  dijlinguijhed  mark  in 

a  battle.  See  Pen. 
Pens,  Pans,  Pance,  to  meditate^  to  hefttate.  Fr.  penfer. 
Penfeil,  fame  with  Penown,  penon,  fmall  flreamer. 
Penfy,  conceited,  offered  ;  alfo  cn^X.  Jinical,  foppijiy. 
Penurite,  penury ^  want-  Lat.  penuria  ;  q.  d.  penuritas. 
Pepe,  Peip,  a  fmall  voice  ;  alfo  ufed  as  a  verb.  Fr.  pe* 

pier^  pipire,  pipilare,  to  peip  or  cheipe. 
Perbreik,  Perbraik,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  ejcpl.  to  break  or 

fhatter  ;  perhaps  from   Fr.  pour^  pro ;    q.  d.  pro' 

fra&usy  i.  e.  quafi  frafta  vel  femifra£la,  as  par~boil4 

for  half-boild,  (or  part-boild.) 
Percais,  Percace,  On  cace,  by  chance.  Lat.  per  cafum. 
Perconnon,  Percunnance,  expl.  condition.   If  fo,  it  may 

be  conne£led  with  Park,  to  perch. 
Perde,  verily,' truly,  furely.  Fr.  pardieu,  per  deum. 
Pere,  peer,  equal.     Hedy  pere,  of  equal  flature.     Ff , 

pair. 
Pere,  to  pour  in  fmall  quantity,  as  through  a  quill. 
Peregal.  See  Paregale,  equal.  Fr. 
Perfay,  verily,  truly.  Fv.parfoy,  per  fidem. 
Perfurniftj  Perforneift,  Perfurmift,  performed,  accom^ 

plijhed,  compleated.  Fr.  parfournir,  aliquid  explere. 
Perk,  ^ar^,  inclofure.  Teut.  perck,  feptum,  circus. 
Perlis.  See  "PziAes,  the  polfy.  Theot.  per li. 
Peronal,  (in  a  contemptuous  manner,)  young  girl.    O, 

Fr.  perronnelle. 
Perqueir,  accurately,  perfeBly,  regularly  ;  q.  by  heart* 

Ft.  par  cceur  ;  or  perhaps /i^r  quire,  by  book. 
Perre,  apparel ;  by  abbreviation.  Lat. 
Perfowne,  Peifoune,  parfon,   Teut.  perfoony  pallor  pa- 

rochialis. 

PertelotCi 


Pc P£. 

Pertelote,  Partelote,  proper  name  given  to  a  hen.  Se^ 
Paitlet,  a  ruff. 

Pertrik,  Paitryke,^ar/r/V^^.  Fr.perdrix.  Teut.  per- 
triis.  Lat.  perdix. 

Pertrublance,  extreme  trouble^  perturbation.  Fr.  ^^r- 
troubler. 

Pes,  Pefe,  peace^  homage ^  obedience  ;  alfo  piece. 

Vete,peat  ;  q.  pii-Jewelf  from  Tcut.  ^«^,  lacuna,  palus, 
Pete-pot,  hole  out  of  which  peats  have  been  dug. 

Pettle,  to  nourijh  or  cherijh  (fuch  as  a  lanjb  or  any  <v 
ther  fondling,)  from  Pet. 

Pettle,  (in  fome  counties)  the  plough  Jinff. 

Pevage,  Pevis,  Pevich,  Pevefs,  peev'ijh  ;  or  rather  bafe,^ 
malicious^  cowardly  ;  alfo  niggardly,  covetous.  Pc- 
vagely,  carelefsly.,  Jlevenly.  The  origin  of  the  wor4 
feems  uncertain. 

Pewtane,  Putane,  whore.  Fr.  putain, 

Philabeg,  the  Jhort  petticoat  worn  by  Highlanders  injlead 
of  breeches.  See  Kilt  ^c  Filyb»g  ;  in  addition  to  which 
may  be  offered,  \^.  fela^  fcela^  tegere. 

Phioll,  (Dougl.  Virgil),  expl.  a  cupola  or  round  vault' 
ed  tower  ;  according  to  Ruddiman,  from  Fr.  fiole,  a 
vial ;  as  cupola  is  faid  to  come  from  Lat.  cupa  or 
cuppa,  a  large  cup,  which  it  refembles. 

Pibiochs,  certain  marches  '^k.  martial  tunes  which  are  pe- 
culiar to  the  Highlanders,  and  performed  on  the  hag- 
pipes.  Gael,  piobaireachdf  literally  piping  j  piob,  bag- 

f'^^-  ... 
Tick,  pitch.    Picky,  pitchy,  like  pitch.    Tcut.pec/^.  Lat. 

piceus. 

Pick- maw,  a  bird  of  the  gull  kind.  (Larus  ridibundus, 
Linn.) 

Picht,  Pycht,  attached,  fxed,  fettled  ;  [Teut.  pachten^ 
to  take  in  leafe,  to  farm.]  Alfo  expl.  having  gold^ 
ftlver,  ot  precious  fiones  fet  into  (any  thmg),  Jludded. 

Piete,  pity,  compafjion,  clemency  ;  from  Fr.  pitie,  miferi- 
cordia.  lyax.pius,  which  Bifliop  Douglas  commonly 
renders  pitiful,  i.  e.  full  of  pity,  and  compacient, 
compaffionate  ;  from  which  it  appears  that  the  Eng- 
\\^\pity  ^nd  piety  were  originally  the  fame. 

Pietuous,  Pietuus,  Pituus, />rV^ci.';,  lamentable. 


PI. Pi. 

J*ig,  Pyg,  earthen  pitcher ;  has  perhaps  fome  aflinity 

with  Sax.  heagf  arm  ilia,  quafi,  a  broad  hoop   with  a 

hottom.    Teut.  hauch^  venter  ;  hugen  vel  pogen,  flec-r 

tere   in   concavum   vel   convexum :     whence    alfo 

Bowie. 
Piggeis,  (Dougl.   Virgin),  expl.  JlagSy  Jlreamers  ,•  or 

perhaps  ropeSy  cables  ;  from  Fr.  pQge^  or  pogge^  *'  the 

fheat  or  cable  that  fa,ftens  the  main  yard  on  the  right 

hand  of  the  fhip." 
Pike,  to  pick  out  or  choofe  ;  alfo  tp  pick  or  peck. 
Pilchis,  gowns  made  ofjkin^.  Sax.  pylche,  toga  pcUicea  : 

•*  whence  furplice,  c^m^i  fur -pilch." 
Pilis,  Pjlis,  doiufi,  or  Joft  and  tender  hairs  which  firjl 

appear  on  the  faces  cf  young  men.     Gyrs  )^yYiSy  fmall 

leaves  or  tops  of  grafs  new  fprung.    Teut.  piil^  hair. 
Pilloyyherj  the  covering  of  a  pillow,    ^te.  Wair. 
pin,  pinnacle^  extreme  point  in  height.  Teut.  pinne.  Lat. 

pinna  ;  item,  fcopus. 
Pine,  Vyndjpain,  grief  punifhment.    "Tent,  piine,  crux, 

dolor,  pena,  labor,  opera.  Fr.  peine. 
Pine,  Pyne,  to  take  pains.     He  pyned  himfelf,  he  nfed 

his  hefl  endeavours,     Teut.  piinsn^  operara  dare,  ela- 
.  borare,  adniti. 
Pingil,  to  flrive^  contend,  labour,  or  work  hard  ,•  apjia- 

rently  the  fame  with  Pine,  to  take  painsy  from  Teut. 

piinen. 
TmntTS,  formerly  a  part  of  a  woman's  head-drefsyohind 

of  lappets. 
Pinfell,  Pynfell,   a  fag  or  fireamer.     Fr.  penoncel,  pen- 

nonceaUy   frorh  pennon,  pinnatum  fcutum,  vexillum- 

que. 
Pirn,  Pyrn,  that  part  of  a  fpinning  wheel'  upon  which 

the  yarn  is  rolled  up  ;  hence  it  alfo  fignifies  the  yarn 

in  that  fate  ;  probably  from  its  refembling  « />far  in 

fhape.   Swed. /)^f ro«.   Wei.  ji^r^w,  pyrum. 
Pirnit,  Pyrnit,  Pyrnie,  friped  accidentallyy  or  without 

intention,  from  inequality  of  the  yarn. 
PifTance, /)OU'i?/*.     Piflant, /(Otf^/yi//.     Fr.  puiffance   & 

p7iiffant. 
Pitail,  rabble  J  dregs  of  the  people.    [Fr.  putaile.l 


PI.  I'o. 

rhh^Jlrengthy  might,  force.  Sax.  pithoy  medulla. 

Viihy^Jiroftg,  vigorousy  energetic. 

Placads,     Plakkarts,     advertifemenfs,     proclamations* 

Teut.  plackaety  decretum,  infcriptio,  profcriptio. 
Plage,  region^  quarter y  point.  1j2.X..  plaga. 
Plaid,  Plad,   Pled,   a   worjled  blanket   of  tartan  colour 
worn  as  a  kind  of  mantle.  Q^&l.  plaid.    Swed.  plugg. 
Plaidin,  flannel^  woollen  blanket. 
Planet,  Vol.  II.  p.  48..erroneoufl7  for  Plat,  model. 
VX-aX,  fiat,  flatly y  downright,  clofe.  ¥r.  plat. 
Plat,  Hevjnny's  plat,  expl.  the  frame  of  the  heavens  ; 

setherei  orbes,  Crather  the  expanfe.') 
Plat,  model,  perfeB  model.    Teut.  plat,  exemplar.  The 
word  is  now  converted,    with  a  flight  variation  in 
the  fenfe,  to  plan,  both  in  Fr.  and  Englifli. 
Playfere,   (erroneouflj  perhaps^  Playftere,  playfellow, 

companion.   See  Fere,  companion. 
Pled,  Vol.  I  p.  324.  perhaps  private    corner.     Gael. 
plaid  \s  expl.  amhujh.  Swed.  &  V&wt.plaggy  ftratum. 
Plede,  Pleid,  controverfy,  difpute  ,•  c^.  pleading. 
Plene,  Plenyie,  to  complain.  Plent,  complaint.  Fr. 
Plennyfs,  to  furnifh,  to  flock  (a  farm),  from  Lat.  ple^ 

nus,  q.  A.  plenare. 
Plennyffing,  furniture.    Outfight  and  Tnfight  plenrtj^fT^ 
ing,  utenfils  (as  of  hnftandry)  and  houfhold furniture . 
Plefance,  pleafurcy  delight.  Fr.  plaifince. 
Pleugh,  View,  plough  ;  alfo  the  conflellation  called  t/r- 

fa  major. 
Plouk,  pimple  ;  corr.  from  Sax.  pocca. 
Plowfter,  to  toil  in  mud  or  filth  ;  q.  pool  fir. 
Ploy,  a  jovial  party  ^ 
Pluck,  the  lungs,   liver,   and  heart   of  a  fl^eep.      Teut. 

plugge,  res  vilis  &  nullius  valoris. 
Plunkit,  Blunkit.   See  Lunkit,  in  had  condition. 
Plycht,  evil  condition,  adverfity,  mifchance,  Hv/ed.plicktt 

psena. 
Pbdemakrell,Pode  makrell,^/if^j/  hau4;  from  Fr.puite, 

meretrix  &  maquerelle.,  lena. 
Podley,  a  fmallfifh.  (Gadus  viren^,  Linn.) 
Poift,  Puill,  to  urge,  to  pufh.  ¥r.  pouj/er. 
Pok,  Poke,  Polk,  a  bag  otfack. 

Pok-puds, 


i»o. po. 

l*ok-puds,  hag-puddings^  dumplings  ;  the  lovers  of  fuchj 
Pol,  Pujl,  to  pruncy  to  trim.  Polit,  drejfed^  handled. 
Policie,  Politic,  the  ornamented  ground  about  a  manjion- 

houfe  ;   from  Fr.  poltr^  excolere. 
Pomells,  globes,  q.  apples  ;  from  Fr.  pomeau. 
Ponjhe,  )^oy\\r\eyJightyJkirmiJ7j.     O.  Fr.  pongneor^  one 

who  fights  with  a  pike. 
Ponnyis,  weight,  inHuenee.  Teut.  pondigh,  ponderofiis  ; 

pond-geldf  exadiio  in  fingulas  libras. 
Populand,  Popling,   bubbling   up  with  fome  degree    of 
■■    noife,  like  boiling  tuater. 
Port,  Payntit  as   a  portj    erroneoufly  tranfcribed  for 

poytenty  i.  e.  patent  as  a  gate- way. 
Port,  generic  name  for  a  lively  tunej  as   the    **  horfe- 

mans  port."  Gael. 
Portage,  baggage,  cargo,  Fr.  portage. 
Porteous,  Portus,  Portuas,    roll  of  indiBments  foK  the 

yujlice  Ayre  ;    alfo  a   breviary  or  prayer  hook  ;  a 

portoun  or  manual.     Fr.  portees  j  q.  d.  les  lilies  por- 

tees,  les  hettres  portees. 
Porturit,  pourtrayed,  painted.  Fr.  from  Lat. 
Pofe,  Pois,  money  in  Jlore  ;    that  whieh  is  laid  up  or 

pofed  ;  from  Fr.  pofer,  feponere. 
Pofs,  Poufe,  to  pujh't  alfo  to  prefs  fuddenly.  Yi.  poufjer^ 

from  IjtkX.  pulfare. 
Pollul,  to  eleSi  a  p  erf  on  for  hifhop  who  hi  not  in  all  points 

duly  eligible.  Poftulat,  one  who  has  been  fo  elecled. 
Pot,  Pott,  pit,  dungeon  ;  alfo  a  pond,   a  deep  place  in  a 

river,    a   viofs-hole  from  whence  peats  have  been  dig- 

ged.  [Lat.  puteus."] 
Potent,  a  large  walking  fa^  with  a  head  in  crofs  form, 

Fr.  potence,  a  crutch. 
Poteftatis,  higher  powers,  rulers,  great  men. 
Pottingair,  apothecary,  one  who  deals  in  herbs,  called  in 

Fr.  potagerie.  Or  the  word  may  be,  not  imbrobably, 

a  corruption  of  apothecary  ;  from  Gr. 
Pottyngrie,   the  goods  or  craft  of  an   apothecary  ;  his 

foch  ox  /kill  in  potagerie. 
Poveral,  expl.  wretched  rabble  ;  (\.  pauvraille. 
Pou,  Pu,  to  pull.   Pow,  pollf  the  head. 

Poulaile, 


Po Pr. 

Poulaile,  Pulail,  expl.  poultry.  The  fame  word,  how- 
ever, is  alfo  written  Fewal.     (^Barh,  Bruce. ^ 

Pounfe,  Punfe,  Pulch,  to  cut^  carve,  or  engrave,  Fr. 
poinfonner,  from  poinfon,  pugiunculus. 

VoMvix.^  impoverijhed.  ^ourtle,  poverty.  Fr. 

Poufte,  Poufture,  power,  Jlrength  ,-  from  O.  Fr.  pojle, 
or  the  infinitive  pojfe  ufed  for  potejlas  or  potent'ta. 
Hence  the  law  term  liege  poufle,  full  ftrength. 

Powne,  Poune,  Powin,  a  peacock.  Fr.  paon. 

Pownie,  a  little  horfe.  Fr.  poulain-,  a  colt ;  q.  poulnie. 

Tovf-fowdie, Jheep'bead  broth  ;  q.  poll fodden. 

Powt,  Polt,  ajlight  ox  feeble  blow. 

Pojnd,  Pund,  Pind,  to  fei%e  formally  and  detain  cattle 
or  goods  till  ranfomed.  Sax.  pennan,  ovili  inclu- 
dere. 

Pojndar,  Pundar,  one  who  is  employed  to  fevze  cattle  in 
trefpafs  :  tMq  a  forejler. 

Poyntalis,  fichs  with  %vhich  mujicians  play  upon  fuch 
injiruments  as  the  dulcimer  ;  from  Fr.  pointille  ;  un- 
de  et  virili  membro  nomen  eft  ,  q.  d.  pun&alus. 
Chaucer  ufes  the  word  for  a  writing  pin,  ftylus ; 
and  Bilhop  Douglas  for  a  dagger. 

Practik,  Prattik,  Prattique,  praBice,  execution,  art,  (as 
of  war.)     Prattikes,  bj  contraftion  Pretts,  tricks ^- 
(of  Law  or  Leger-de-maiH.^  Fr.  &  Id.  from  prett" 
vik,  fallax.  Tcut.  praSIiicke,  aftrologie. 

Prang.   See  Pang,  to  cram.  Teut.  prangen. 

Prattis,  Pretts,  abbrev.  of  Prattikes,  tricks.  Or  rather 
from  Teut.  pratte,  fallacia,  argutia.  He  play'd  him 
a  prett,  heferved  him  a  trick.  See  Praftik. 

Pray,  Spray,  ^yj^.fhrub  ,-  alfo  perhaps  branch. 

Precell,  to  excell  oxfurpafs.  Lat. 

Precince,  ^rm/j^j-  (of  aprifon.)  Lat. 

Preclair,  celebrated,  excellent,  illtijlrious.  l^zt.  praclar us. 

Preif,  Pree,  to  tajie,  to  examine  by  tafling,  to  try  ;  alfo 
to  prove.  Teut.  proeven,  labris  primoribus  Uttingere. 

Preis,  Pres,  to  make  a  violent  effort,  to  endeavour  or  ef~ 
fay,  to  prefs. 

Preis,  Pres,  croud,  army,  battle,  tumult. 

Prek,  Prik,  to  gallop,  to  ride  atfullfpeed;  ix om  prick, 
to  fpur  ;  caufa  pro  cfFcdlu. 
Vol.  IV.  y  Prene, 


Pi.  Pr. 

Prene,  pin  ;  ufed  for  a  thing  of  no  value. 

Prete,  Preft,  ready.  Fr.  from  Lat.  prajio. 

Prettis,  Pretts.  See  Pratts,  tr'tch.     Teut.  pratte,  perU. 

Price,  Preis,  Pris,  prize  ;  being  originally  the  fame 
with  price,  from  Fr.  prix^  pretium  ;  alfo  high  ejli- 
matioTiy  glory,  praife. 

Prig,  to  importune  a  lower  rate  or  price  from  the  deal- 
er ;  to  haggle  for  a  penny.  Teut.  preken^  orationem. 
habere  ;  q.  d.  to  preach  over  the  bargain. 

Prik,  Perk, /)^rc^,  long  pole. 

Princes,  princefs.  Pryncehad,  princely  quality. 

Prifar,  Pryfer,  apprijer,  valuer.  Fr.  prifeur.  Lat.  barb. 
pretiare,  prettator. 

Privatie,  Private,  privacy.  Fr.  privaute. 

Proheme,  preface,  prologue.  Gr. 

Pro-nevew,  expl.  great  grand/on. 

Propine,  gift, prefent.  Fr. prop'me,  drink-money,  from 
Lat.  propino, 

Proporte,  to  declare^Jlgnify,  mean.  Lat.  barb,  propor- 
tare  ;  whence  the  Engl,  purport, 

Proppis,  (Doug.  Virgil),  expl.  wedges. 

Propyrticj  corr.  oi propriety. 

Prow,  honour,  reputation,  profit.  Fr.  preux,  faithful, 
honourable,  full  of  prowefs  ;  proueffe,  fortitude. 
Teut.  proue,  diarium,  fportula. 

Prowit,  Prov/de,  powerful.  O.  Fr.  prud,  equivalent  to 
Lat.  probus.  O.  Swed.  prud,  magnificent. 

Prunyie,  to  deci,  trim,  or  adorn  ,•  from  Fr.  brunir,  po- 
lire. 

Pryme,  Hour  of  Pryme,  fix  o"^ clock  in  the  morning,  the 
firfl  hour,  according  to  the  antient  mode  of  compu- 
tation among  ecclefiallics.  Cotgrave  explains  Prime, 
four  o"* clock  in  the  morning  in  fummer,  and  eight  in 
winter,  nearly  correfponding  with  fun-rife.  The  fe- 
ven  canonical  hours  or  dated  times  for  prayer,  as 
appointed  by  the  canons  of  Elfric  were,  L  Uht-fang, 
antelucanus  cantus,  i.  e.  ad  tertiam  a  media  node 
horam.  IL  Prim-fang,  cantus  matutinus,  prima 
fcil.  hora  diei  (Judeorum.)  IIL  Undern-fatig,  can- 
tus tertianus  i    undern-tid,   tertia  hora  Judeorum; 

under  n 


Pr.  I  Pa. 

nndertt  metCy  matutina  refeftlo,  jentaculum.  TV. 
Mid-daeg-fangy  cantus  meridianus,  i.  e.  ad  horatn 
diei  fextam  Judeorum.  V.  Nonfangy  (fometimcs 
called  MiJJay)  cantus  nonalis,  ad  horam  diei  nonam 
(Judeorum)  i.  e.  the  third  hour  after  mid-day.  VI. 
JEfen-fang,  cantus  vefpertinus,  or  vefpers,  fix  o'- 
clock in  the  evening  ;  called  alfo  the  Pryme  of  night. 
VII.  Niht-fangy  cantus  nodturnus,  afterwards  called 
eomplene ;  probably  nine  o'clock.  Notwithftanding 
this  explicit  arrangement,  Tyrrwhyt  explains 
Prime,  the  firft  quarter  of  the  artificial  day,  or  from 
fix  to  nine  in  the  morning ;  and  the  editor  of  Hoc- 
cleve's  poems,  reftrifts  the  meaning  to  the  laft  part 
of  that  period. 

Pryme,  (Dougl,  Virg.)  expl.^//r,j/?//^y«//;  perhaps, 
fays  Ruddiman,  from  h^t.  premo. 

Puddie,  Puddy,  expl.  a  kind  oj"  cloth. 

Puddil,  according  to  Skene,  feems  to  fignify  a  pedlar^s 
pack  ;  or  rather  perhaps  a  hag  or  nuallet  for  contain* 
ing  his  wares.  See  Padell. 

VvHAtx,  powder,  Yx.pouldre.  'Pnldery t,Jprinkled,  mix- 
ed ;  tanquam  pulvere  infperfus. 

Pumice-fret, /io///Z>f^  with  pomicejlone.  Yx.frotter. 

Pundelane,  Podlayne  ;  probably  early  rujiick  ;  q.  pu- 
tail-ane  ;  from  Fr.  pitaulty  of  the  fame  fignification. 

Puneiffioun,  punijhment ;  from  Puneifs,  to  punijh. 

Vxxxijiyfmall party.  Fr.  poignee  (de  gens)  handful. 

Purches,  to  procurcy  to  acquire.  Fr.  pourchas,  emolu- 
mentum  ;  alfo  expl.  attempt. 

Pure,  Peur,  poor  ;  to  iwpoverijh. 

Purfillit,  emhroideredy  ornamented  (^ahout  the  edges.) 
Fr.  pourfilery  bombycinum  auro  intexere. 

Purfillit,  quafi  Purfillit,  Jhort-hreathed  and  fat ;  from 
Purfy.  Fr.  pouj/ify  fufpiriofus. 

Purtith,  Puretyth,  poverty. 

Purvay,  to  provide,  to  prepare,  Fr.  pourvoiry  providere. 
The  Engl,  purvey  is  ufed  in  a  more  limited  fenfe. 

VvLtviTtxiCc,  fore  fghty  fore-  caji,  provijion. 

Pufown,  Vn^oynCy  poifon. 

Put,  to  throw  a  heavy  Jlone  above-hand  i    formerly  a 

common 


Pu.  Py. 

common  amufement  among  country  people.     Fr, 

bouter. 
Putaill,  Pitail,  rabble  ^  idle  followers  of  an  army.  Fr. 
Putain,  Pewtane,  loofe  woman.   Yx.  putain,  meretrix. 
Puteour,  Pewteor,  whoremonger  ;  from  Fr. 
Pyat,  mag-pie.  Gael,  pigbead.    O.  Eng.  payannat. 
IPyfer,  to  whine  or  complain  without  a  caufe. 
7 jkhtf  having  Jharp  iron  points  ox  pikes. 
Pyke-thank,   Pick-thank,  a  flatterer^   one  who  curries 

favour  with  another  by  fecret  informations. 
Pyle-fat,  erroneoufly  for  Gyle  or  Kele-fat,  a  brewing 

vat. 
Fjlgxjne,  pilgrim.  Fx.pelegrin. 

Pyllioun,  a  pack-faddle.  Gael,  pillean.  [Lat.  pulvinus."] 
Pyne,  to  vex,  grieve,  or  torment.  Teut.  piinen. 
Pyfalit,  Pyfal-bandyt,  fecured  againjl  coition. 
Pyfent,  Befynt,  Pyfcnt  limmer,  light  luoman.     Theot, 

pifontiu,  lafciviens. 
Pyftyl,  Piftill,  epiflle,  ajhort  lefjon.  Lat. 


QUAIF, 


Qu.    I    I.        Qu. 


Q. 


QuAiF,  coify  head-drefs^  cover y  or  covering.  Teut.  ioyffe^ 

capillare. 
Quaikis,  (Bifliop  Douglas),  expl.  the  inarticulate  found 
produced  by  the  breathing  of  a  perfon  "who  is  cleaving 

wood,  or  employed  in  any  fuch  labour.  [Lat.  quax' 

are  ;  vel  ex  fono.] 
Quair,  quire,  book. 
Qualim,  ruiuy  deJiruElion.     Sax.   cwealm    mors.     See 

Dualm, 
Quandary,  brown Jludy. 
Quat,  Quyte,   to   quit,   ridy  free^  pay^    difcharge^  ah- 

folve. 
Quavir,  quiver.  Quaverys,  quivers. 
Queets.  See  Kutes,  ankles.  Teut. 
Queint,  curious^  neat,  artful ;  alfo  grange,    wonderful.. 

Ft.  cointy  elegans,  **  comptiis." 
Queints,  voiles^  devices.     [O.  Fr.  cointes^     QueintifTe 

in  Chaucer  is  explained  excejjive  trimnefs,  cunning. 
Queinth,  to  quench^  in  the  lenfe  of  to  compofcy  fettle^  or 

calm.     Quenthing,  Quenting,  compojing,  pacifying; 

alfo  quenching,  extingutjhing. 
Queir,  Quair,  choir. 
Quel,  Quell,  to  kill.  Sax.  cwellan.  Dan.  quaelltr,  occi- 

dere,  ftrangulare.     [Teut.  quellen^  cruciare,  exagi- 

tare.]  Quell  is  alfo  expl.  to  yell. 
Queme,  exaBly^  fitly,  clofely.     Teut.  bequceniy  aptus, 

commodus  5  be-qucemlicky  commode,  apte  ;    whence 

comely. 
Quent.  See  Queint,  cKr/ow/.  Quentifs,  ^//fzW/?^. 
Quentacenfours,  dabblers  in  Alchemy. 
Quere,  exa6ily, plainly  ;  contr.  from  Perqueir. 
Querele,  complaint.  Lat.  querela. 
Quern,  hand-mill.     Teut.  queme.     Dan.  hand-quern. 

Sax.  cweorn.     Ifl.  kuern,     Goth.  quairUf  mola  ma- 

nualis. 

Querrell, 


Qu.  — Qtf. 

Querrell,  Quarel,  a  quarry.  Fr.  quarriere, 

Querrell,  Quarrel,  a  darty  an  arrow.  Fr.  quarreau. 
Lat.  barb,  quadrelluniy  the  bolt  of  a  crofs-bow  ;  fo 
called  from  the  fhape  of  its  head. 

Quert,  (Vol.  I.  p.  i8i.) /»r//b«,  any  place  of  confine', 
ment ;  perhaps  alfo  JanHuary  \  abbrev.  from  Sax. 
cwertar,  career. 

Qiiefl,  (fpoken  of  hounds),  to  open  or  cry.  Fr.  quejler, 
[ Teut.  quifleriy  inutiliter  efFundere.] 

Quey,  Quj,  Queock,  a  young  cow.  Swed»  quiga,  ju-» 
venca  ;  dimin.  of  Teut.  koeye,  vacca. 

Queych,  a  wooden  dr'tnhing-cup.  Ger.  kelch.  Dan.  halk, 
Theot.  kelih,  poculum,  Teut.  gheltCy  poculum  ma". 
jus.  Lat.  cal'tx. 

Queyne,  Quean,  young  woman  ;  but  not  always,  as 
Junius  would  have  it,  with  an  implication  of  vice. 
With  flight  variations,  this  word  is  found  in  all  the 
northern  languages  ;  from  Goth.  queWt  quen,  quino, 
mulier,  uxor. 

Queynt,  QnjxiXh^pud.  tnulteb.  Ch.  que'tnt.  Swed.  quidy 
qned.  Ifl.  quidur.  Saj^.  cwid\  from  Goth,  quithy  u- 
terus,  matrix.  In  a  few  inftances,  this  form  of  the 
wrod  has  been  adopted,  after  the  example  of  Chau- 
cer, inftead  of  the  vox  nefanda  in  the  moderi^ 
form. 

Quha,  Quho,  ivho.  The  ufe  of  ^uh  inftead  of  Wh^  or 
Hwy  is  a  curious  circumftance  in  Scottifti  orthogra- 
phy, and  feems  to  be  borrowed  immediately,  or  at 
firft  hand,  from  the  Gothic,  as  written  by  Ulphilas 
in  the  fourth  century.  In  his  Gothic  Gofpels,  com- 
monly called  l^he  Stiver  Book,  we  find  about  thirty 
words  beginning  with  a  chara£ler  (O  with  a  point  ill 
the  center),  the  power  of  which  has  never  been  exaft- 
ly  afcertained.  Junius,  in  his  Gloflary  to  thefe  Gof- 
pels, affigned  to  it  the  power  and  place  of  :^«;  Stiern- 
hielm  and  others  have  confidered  it  as  equivalent  to 
the  German,  Scandmavian,  and  Anglo-Saxon  Hw  ; 
and  laftly,  the  learned  Jhre,  in  his  Suio-Gothic 
Gloflary,  conjeftures  that  this  charafler  did  not  a- 
grec  in  found  with  either  of  thefe,  but  "  fonum  inter 


Qu Qn. 

<&»,  &  qu  medium  habuifle  videtur."     Unluckily  htf 
purfues  the  fubjedl  no  farther,  otherwife  he  could 
fcarcelj  have  failed  to  fuggeft  the  Scotrifh  ^uh  ; 
particularly  as  a  great   proportion   of  thefe  thirty 
Gothic  words  can  be  tranflated   into   Scottifti  by  no 
other  words  but  fuch  as  begin  with  thefe  three  let- 
ters ;  ex.  gr.  Goth,  qua  or  hwa^  Scot.  quha.  Goth. 
quii  or  h'vois^  Scot,  quhats,  (cujus.)     Goth.  qua%uh 
or  hwa^iuhy  Scot,  quhafo,  quhafoever .    Gpth.  quathro 
or    hwathro,   (unde),   Scot,   quhar-frae   or   quhair^ 
thrae.   Goth,  quan  oxhwariy  Scot.quhan.  Goth,  quar 
or  hwary  Scot,  quhar  or  quhair.  Goth,  quadre^  qua- 
tkar,  or  hwadre,   hwatharl  Scot,  quhider,  quhether. 
Goth,  queila  or  hweila,  Scot,  quhil  or  quhyle.  Goth. 
quileiks  or  hwileiks,   Scot,  quh'ilk.     Goth,  quhait  or 
hwait,  Scot,  quheat.  Goth,  qneit  or  hweit,  Scot,  quhite. 
When  thefe  Gothic  words,  therefore,  come  to  be  a- 
gain  mentioned,  it  will  be  no  great  innovation,  upon 
the   authority  of  Jhre,  to  adopt  fome  middle  found 
between  the  qu  and  hw.      But,  notwithftanding  of 
its  ftriking  co-incidence  with  the  Scottilh  quh,  to  a- 
void  any  charge  of  hypothetical  partiality,   a  diffe- 
rent element  or  combination  of  letters  fliall  here  be 
affumed,  viz.  Gw,  a  found  which  appears  to  furnifli 
an  apology  for  Ulphila's  having  coined  a  letter  un- 
known in  the  Greek  and  Ro'man  alphabets  ;  a  found 
too  which  occurs   not   unfrequently   in  the  antient 
language    of   Germany  ;    ex.    gr.   gw^ire,    verus  ; 
gwal/ichi,  potentia,  gloria,  (this  word  ferves  in  fome 
degree  to  dire£t  us  to  the  found,  it  being  alfo  writ- 
ten cuolichiy)  gvjalUchon,  glorificare  ;  gwerf,  fymbo- 
lum,  conjeftio  ;  gwiurtpro,  ignitorum.     When  this 
harfh  found  gave  way  almoft  every  where  to  the  hw, 
(and  at  leafl  in  one  inflance   to  qu,^   the   charader 
which  Ulphilas  had  invented  to   exprefs  it,  fell  of 
courfe  to  be  laid  afide.     In  Scotland  alone  the  found 
was  preferved,    and   appeais  to  this  day  under  the 
form  of  ^ub. 

A  learned  friend  obferves,  that,  this  Gothic  charac- 
ter "  appears  to  be  the  antient  ^olic  Digamma  af- 

j^  rated 


Qu Qa. 

pirated  In  pronunciation.  The  exaft  found  of  the 
digamma  is  not  properly  afcertained,  but,  from  the 
letters  into  which  it  would  appear  to  have  been  af- 
terwards refolved  in  the  progrefs  of  the  language, 
it  may  be  conjeftured  that  the  original  found  of  it 
was  a  pretty  ftrong  JV ;  this,  with  an  afpirate, 
would  be  exa£lly  the  old  Scotch  qub^  and  the  Gothic 
chara£ler  of  Ulphilas.  If,  as  has  been  fuppofed 
with  confiderable  probability,  the  Gothic  tongue 
was  from  the  fame  ftem  as  the  antient  Pelafgic, 
(the  root  of  the  Greek,)  it  is  not  to  be  wondered  at, 
that  the  fimple  Gothic,  which  had  undergone  few 
changes  by  the  progrefs  of  civilifation,  fhould  re- 
tain to  a  very  late  period  this  letter,  though  it  was 
gradually  fuperfeded  in  fome  of  the  more  refined 
dialefts  that  fprung  from  the  fame  fource." 

**  May  it  not  be  conjedlured  alfo,  that  this  letter  is 
derived  from  the  Hebrew  j^in  ?  The  old  form  of  that 
letter  is  fuppofed  to  referable  an  eye  or  fountain,  an 
objeft  well  denoted  by  the  Gothic  charafter  of  Ul- 
philas. The  pronunciation  of  the  Hebrew  Ain  is  a 
matter  of  great  difpute  ;  but,  if  we  fuppofe  it  to  be 
an  afpirated  O,  that  before  an  A  founds  almoft  the 
fame  as  our  W,  or  the  Scotch  ^ub.^* 

Quhack,  afevere  blow  ;  alfo  to  hack  or  cut, 

Quhail,  ivhale.  Sax.  &  Scarid.  hiuale. 

Quhame,  whom.  Goth.  Gofp.  du  gxvamma,  ad  quem. 

Quhan,  w/:en.  Goth,  gwaji,  Lat.  quando. 

Quhaing,  Quhing,  thctig^  cord.  Sax.  thwcmg,  lorum. 

Quhais,  ivhofe.  [Goth,  givais,  cujiis.J 

Qiihang,  a  'nrge,  or  rather  a  long  face.    See  Quhaing. 

Qnhaup,  Quhaip,  a  cut  lew  ;  ex  fono. 

Q^hvixe,  Onh^iv,  luhere,  whiiher.  GotU.  givar.  Lat. 
quo.  John  H.  34.  gvcar  laghidedun  in  ?  quhare  Inyed 
ye  him  ? 

Quhafo,  whoever.  Goth.  ^■a'i7i5£;^,  quifqtie.  Mar.  vi.  7. 
tunns  gwa%uh,  duos  quofque. 

Qiihat,  what.  Goth,  gwn,  gwathar^  quid. 

(Viihalkyn,  Qiihatten,  what  k'wd  of?  [Swcd.  huadav. 
Goth.  giv:iihiv:-i^  quomodo.] 

•i  ■  Qjha've, 


Qa Qu. 

Quhawe,  Gaw,  quagmire. 

Quheil,  wheel.  Sax.  hweol^  rota. 

Quheife,  Quheifle,  to  make  a  noife  in  breathing,  like  an 

afthmatic  perfon.  Sax.  hvoeofan. 
Quheite,  Quhete,  nvheat.  Goth,  gwaitety  triticum,  fru- 

menti  granum.  John  x.  24. 
Quhelm,  to  overwhelm.  Ifl.  hilma,  obtegere. 
Quhene,  Quhune,  Quhoync,  a  fmall  number,  a  fevj» 

Teut.  weynigh,  pauci.  ' 

Quhew,  to  whijile  ;    the  noife  produced  by  fomething 

pajjing  through  the  air  with  'uetocity  ;  ex  fono. 
Quhey,  whey    Sax.  hwegy  ferum  la£tis. 
Quhid,  to  whijk  ox  Jkip  about. 
Quhidder,  to  move  about  quickly  upon  an  axis,  tike  the 

arms  of  a  wind-mill. 
Quhig,  an  inferior  fort  of  whey.  See  Quhey. 
Quhile,  while,  until,  a  f pace  of  time.  Goth,  gweila,  mo- 
mentum, fpatium  temporis. 
Quhilk,  which.     Goth,  gweleiks.     Lat.  qualis  ;    from 

gue,  cui ;  &  leiks,  fimilis  ;  which  has  the  appearance 

of  being  the  origin  alfo  of  the  Latin  term. 
Quhilom,  fame  time  ago,  heretofore  ;   commonly  alfo 

written  umquhile.     Sax.    hwilon,   quondam ;    quafi, 

while-yane  or  gane  ;  from  Goth,  gweila,  tempus. 
Quhine,  Quhyne,  to  whine,  to  lament.     Goth,  quainon, 

dolere,  lugere,  plangere.     Dan.  quiner,  to  fqueak. 

Swed.  quida,  ejulare.     Ifl.  kuida,  malum  metuere. 

Armor,  queini.     Ir.  cuinum,  nearly  of  the  fame  fig- 

nification. 
Quhinge.  See  Quhine,  to  whine  or  lament. 
Quhinger,  Quinyear,  hanger,  dagger. 
Quhins,  whins,  fur%e.     [Wei.  chwyn,  noxia  herba  fua 

fponte  fuccrefcens.  Gael,  guin,  Iharp  pain  ;  guineach, 

prickly  fores.] 
Quhinnis,  Quhynnis,^o//^j,  teflicles. 
Quhip,  to   whip,  to  flrike  fuddenly  or  quickly.     Sax. 

hweopan,  flagellare. 
Quhip,  Wipp,  Wipe,  to  bind  about.     Goth,   wippianf 

coronare,  pratexere. 
Quhippis,  crowns y  garlands.  Goth,  waipf,  coronae. 
Quhippel.  See  Fippel,  to  whimper.  Dan. 

Vol.  IV.  Z  Quhir. 


Quhlr.  See  Quhidder  and  Bir,  of  the  fame  fignifica-* 
tion. 

Quhow,  Whow,  how  !  as  an  Interjeftion. 

Quhoyne,  Quhune.  See  Quhene,  a  fmall  number. 

Quhraiken,  Whlrkened,  fuffocatedy  querkened ;  with 
fome  relation  probably  to  Sax.  cwertetiy  career  j  or 
]fl.  kyrkia^  fuffocare. 

Quhrjne,  to  murmur^  to  whine.  See  Quhine. 

Quhyflel,  to  exchange^  as  a  guinea  for  its  value  in  fil- 
ver.  Teut.  luijjelen.  Fris.  wixelen.  Swed.  waxla, 
permutare,  numtno  majores  pretii  accept©  minutam 
pecuniam  per  partes  reddere. 

Quhyflelar,  a  changer  of  money  ,•  alfo  a  white  bonnet, 
i.  e.  a  perfon  employed  privately  to  raife  the  price 
of  goods  fold  by  auftion.  Teut.  wijfeler^  qui  quseftum 
facit  faenerandis  permutandifque  pecuniis.  Both  the 
verb  and  noun  occur  in  the  Scottifli  A£ts  of  Parlia- 
ment. 

Quhyte,  to  cut  (wood)  with  a  inife  or  whittle. 

Quhyte,  hypocritical^  difjemhling  under  the  colour  of 
candour  ;  as  a  man  is  faid  to  h&  fair  fpohen  \  literal- 
ly white,  from  Goth,  gweit,  albus. 

Quhyt-ftainis,  Quhit-ftanys,  whetjlones^ 

Quhyttrit,  a  weafel i  probably  from  Teut.  wittern, 
odorare,  odorari,  oderem  fpargere. 

Quytterand,  Quhitterand,  warbling  ;  alfo  moving  quick- 
ly ^  as  the  wings  of  a  bird,  or  the  tongue  of  a  ferpent. 
[Teut.  quettereuy  to  fpeak  with  a  glib  tongue.] 

Quinter,  a  ewe  in  her  third  year  ,•  quafi,  twtnter,  be- 
caufe  her  fecond  year  is  compleated. 

Quod,  Quoth, /aid,  fays.  Theot.  quad,  ait,  dicit,  dixit. 
Goth,  quitan,  dicere. 

Quok,  did  quake,  trembled. 

Quy.  See  Quey,  a  young  cow. 

Quyte,  to  abfolve,  to  difcharge,  or  pay. 

Quyte-claim,  to  renounce  or  difown. 


Ra, 


Ha.  .1  Ra. 


R. 


Ra,  Rae,  a  roe.  Rais,  Raes,  roes.  Swed.  rae,  cerva. 

Ra,  Rea,  the  fail  yard.  Teut.  ree.  Ifl.  raa,  antenna. 

Rabandis,  Raibandis,  the  fmall  lines  which  make  the 
fail  fafi  to  the  yards.  Angl.  bj  corruption  roh- 
bins. 

Rabil,  a  diforderly  or  confufed  train.  Swed.  rahhus^  tu- 
multus. 

Rachis,  Ratchis,  hounds.  Sax.  raecc.  Ifl.  rakke,  ca- 
nis. 

Rad,  Radd,  /3/r^/J,  terrified.  Dan.  r«f^£,  timorous. 
Swed.  rcedas^  timere  ;  rceddn,  terrere,  terrefacere. 

Rad,  Redd,  to  (idvife  ;  alfo  fubftantively  for  advice, 
Scand.  rada^  confilium  alicui  dare.  Goth,  raginan. 
Scand.  &  Sax.  ned,  confilium. 

^a.d.  judged,  condemned.  Sax.  araddan,  decernere. 

Rad,  Rade,  rode,  did  ride.  Ifl.  reid. 

Rade,  Raid,  Rode,  expedition,  invafion,  or  inroad.  Sax. 
rade,  invafio,  infultus,  irruptio. 

Rade,  Raid,  road  for  fhips.    Teut.  reed,  fl.atio  navium. 

Rade.  See  Ray,  violent,  harfh,  wild. 

Raddour,  violence,  luildnefs.  See  Reddour. 

Raddoure,  Radnefs,y^flr,  timidity.  Dan.  raedhed. 

Raffal,  RafFel,  doe  or  huck-fkin  ;  q.  rae-fell.  See  Fell, 
f^in. 

P.aflPan,  raving  or  roving,  noify,  jovial. 

Ragmen,  Ragment,  a  written  account,  difcourfe  or  po- 
em, a  rhapfody,  a  colleftion  full  of  variety.  Rag- 
mans  row,  defined  by  Ruddiman,  *♦  a  colleftion  of 
all  thofe  deeds  in  which  the  nobility  and  gentry  of 
Scotland  were  tyiannically  conftrained  to  fubfcribe 
allegiance  to  Edward  I.  of  England,  anno  1296  ;  and 
which  were  more  particularly  recorded  in  four  large 
rolls  of  parchment,  confifting  of  thirty-five  pieces 

joined 


Ka,         I        Ra. 

joined  together,  kept  in  the  tower  of  London ;  and, 
for  the  moft  part,  extant  in  Prynne's  third  vol.  of 
Colleftions.  The  word,  as  ufed  bj  Bifhop  Douglas 
and  others,  feems  to  correfpond  with  the  Ital.  ragi- 
otiamento  ;  a  difcourfe  or  argunaent."  But,  it  may  be 
aiked,  (with  Juflice  Barrington,)  What  hath  a  dif- 
courfe or  argument  to  do  with  fuch  a  lift  of  names 
as  the  Ragman's  row  ?  Tliis  learned  commentator 
explains  the  Engl,  ragman^  a  blank  recognifance  en- 
tered into  by  perfous  who  were  threatened  with 
profecutions,  and  who  being  thus  in  the  King's 
power,  might  be  looked  upon  as  utterly  ruined,  and 
in  rags.  He  acknowledges  this,  however,  to  be  ra- 
ther a  whimfical  derivation.  Mr.  Macpherfon  thinks 
it  may  be  a  corr.  of  Lat.  pergamenumt  parchment. 
Perhaps  rather  from  Sax.  areccean^  enumerare. 
Teut.  rekey  coUeftio,  reparatio,  inftrudio,  ordo,  fe- 
ries  ;  &  man^  fcelus. 

Raid,  (Raird),  adventure,  atchievement, piece  ofhufinefs^ 
See  !|lade. 

Raif,  to  rave,  to  /peak  incoherently. 

Raif.  See  Refe,  to  rob  or  plunder. 

Raik,  Rayk,  a  walk,  range,  or  courfe.  Sheep  raik,  a 
Jhe^p  pajiure  or  walk.  A  long  raik,  a  conftderable 
length  of  way.     See  next  article. 

Raik,  Rake,  Rayk,  to  walk,  to  range^  or  rove  about  ; 
to  travel.  To  raik  on  raw,  to  go  ox  proceed  in  order. 
Rakand  home,  going  homeward  with  a  long  Jlep. 
Swed.  reka,  vagari,  expatiari ;  racka,  curfiiare. 

Rail,  a  woman's  jacket,  or  fome  fuch  part  of  a  woman's 
drefs  ;  called  alfo  a  collar-body. 

Rainfe,  Rynfe,  to  rinfe  or  clean  (a  veffel  or  bottle.) 
Goth,  hratnjan,  mundare. 

Raip,  rope.  Goth,  raip,  corrigia,  vinculum. 

Raith,  expl.  quarter  ef  a  year  /  perhaps  corr.  of  feird 
or  Jeirth,  fourth. 

Raith,  Raithlie,  quickly,  hajlily.     Teut.  rade,  repenti- 

nus.     Goth,  rather,  facilis.     Thus  the  Engl,  fay 

"  Rath  fruit"  for  early  fruit.     **  Rath  wine,"   that 

which  is  made  of  grapes  gathered  before  full  matu- 

'  rity  ;  hence  rather,  potius,  i,  e.  citius. 

Rak, 


Rak,  Rack,  Rauk,  Rawk,  Rolk,  a  fogy  thick  mijiy  or 

drizlitig  rain.  Sax.  racu.  Dan.  raekiay  pluvia,  unda, 

humor.  Teut.  ?oof>&,  vapor.    The  word  alfo  fignifies 

the  vifcous  humour  in  fore  eyes. 
Rale,  Reck,  care  ;  to  care  for.    Sax.  reCf  cura  ;  reccan. 

Swed.  rekoy  &  Tfl.  rakiuy  curare.    Hence  Rak  is  alfo 

ufed  for  account^  mattery  reckoning. 
Rak,  Rakket,  blowy  box  on  the  ear.  Ifl.  rek^  pello. 
Rakk,  Wrack,  wreck.     Swed.  raky  bona  naufragorum 

in  littus  ejefta. 
Rakket,     See  Rippet,  noifcy  tumult  ;  alfo  expl.  hlow, 

box  on  the  ear. 
Raklefs,  Recklefs,  carelefsy  rafh.     Sax.  recceleasy  ne- 

gligens." 
Rakle-handet,  Hand- raky  1,  fame  with  Raklefs,  raf).   j 
Rakligence,  Racklefsnefs,  careleffnefs . 
Ralis,  Raylis,  expl.  nets  ;  perhaps  from  Teut.  raveleny 

intricare. 
'^^'iSyfpritigs,  gujloes  forth y  or  runs.     [Fr.  roulery  to 

roll.] 
Rame,  to  Jhout,   cry  oloudy  roar.     Sax.  hreamaUy    cla- 

mare  ;  whence  Engl,  rame  or   ream,  loud  weeping. 

Probably  this  word  may  have  fome  connexion  with 

.the  recitation  of  antieiit  metrical  legends. 
"Kammdyfyrubsyfrnall  boughs  or  branches.    O.  Fr.  ra- 

milles. 
Rammafche,  colleSled.  Fr.  ramaffSy  colleclus, 
Rammel,  a  mixture  of  common  hear  and  barley. 
Rammekins,  a  difj  made  of  eggs,  cheefe,  and  crums  of 

hready  mixed  in  the  manner  of  a  pudding. 
Ramp,  Stramp,  to  trample.  Dan.  trampe,  calcare. 
Rampage,  to  prance  about  in  a  fury  ;  fi'om  Ramp. 
Rander,  to  render.  Fr.  rendre,  fo  pronounced. 
Randoun,  the  fwift  courfcy  flight,    or    motion  of  any 

thing.  Fr.  randon,  profluvium  ;  alfo  to  gallop  ox  run y 

to  mcvefwftly.  O.  Fr.  ran  doner. 
Rands, ^rffl^j  of  different  colours.  lR.a.ni]yt,  freaked  ov 

friped.     Swed.  rand,  linea  ;  randyt  tygy  pannus  vir- 

gatus  ;  whence  perhaps  tartan.^ 
Randy,   low   worthlefs    noify  perfon,  itfamous  fcoldery 

impudent  flurdy   beggar  ;    in    the  plural   number, 

commonly 


crommonly  coupled  with  tinkers.     [Teut.  rattdetiy  tO 
rave.] 
Rane,  Rayne,  Rain,  to  cry  the  fame  thing  over  and  O' 
ver.     Prov.  **  You're  like  the  gowk,  you  have  not 
a  rane  but  one."  Ifl.  hryn,  exclamare.   See  Rame. 
Rang,  reigned ;  paft  t.  of  Ring,  to  reign. 
Rangald,  Ringald,  Rangle,  rabble,  mob,  crowd,  multi- 
tude ;    q.  thrnngle  ;    from    Sax.    thrang,     turba ; 
thringan,  comprimere.      According  to   Ruddiman, 
*'  from  Engl,  ran  or  run,  and  gild,  fodalitium  ;  q.  d. 
the  running  together,  or  concourfe  of  people  :  Or  from 
ring,  becaufe  fuch  crowds  commonly  (land  in  a  ring 
or  circle.    Teut.  ringelen,  gyrare."     The  word  may 
have  fome  affinity  with  Ifl.  raun,   injuria  ;  rangur, 
iniquus.  In  Barbour  it  fometimes  alfo  fignifies  rank 
ot  condition,  as  *'  of  fmall  rangale,"  of  low  rank. 
Range,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  a  company  (of  hunters.) 
Ranle-tree,  Rantle-trie,  Ran-tree,  the  name  oi  a  parti- 
cular  hiam  in  the  roof  of  a   cottage ;    probably  the 
roof- tree,   from  which   the  cruik  or  crook  chain  is 
,  fufpended.  See  Rantrie. 

Rautrie,  Rown-tree,  the  mountain  afh  ;  efteemed  a  pre- 
fervative  againft  witch-craft ;    whence  the   name  ; 
Teut.  rufie,  &  ifl.  allruna,  magus,  maga. 
Ranungard,  Ranygald,   clamorous   quarrelfome  perfon  ; 

from  Randy;  alfo  expl.  renegado. 
Ranys,  loud  repetitions  of  the  fame  thing,     See  Rane. 
Raplock,    Raplock,    Roploch,    coarfe    woollejt  cloth ; 
made  from  the  worfl:  kind  of  wool,  home-fpun,  and 
not  dyed.     O.  Engl,  ray  feems   to  have  nearly  the 
fame  fignification.     Swed.  rrt/>/>  indicat  colorem  qui 
inter  flavum  &.  caefium  medius  efl:.  Lat.  ravus.  Teut, 
rouive  laken,  rough  cloth. 
Rare,  Rair,  to  roar.  Sax.  raran,  fremere,  rugire. 
Rafch,  to  dafh  or  clafh.  Rafchis,  fubftantively  the  clafjj- 

ing  of  arms  ;  ex  fono. 
"Rafch,  rujh.  Sax.  rife,  fcirpus.  Goth,  raus,  aVundo. 
Rafe,  Race,  to  pull  ov  pluck  (out.)  Fr.  aracher. 
Rat,  a  f cratch,  a  furrow  ;  alfo  to  make  deep  fcratches, 
traEis,    or  imprefjions,    as  by  dragging  fome  fliarp 
point  along  the  ground.    Fr.  grater.  Teut.  krati><,eu, 
fcalpo,  frico.   Swed.  rad^  linea,  oido, 

Ratt, 


Ra.  Rd. 

Katt,  Ratt  ryme,  a  poem,  or  verjes  repeated  hy  rote* 

Fr.  par  routine. 
Rattouns,  Rattons,  rats.  Teut.  ratons. 
Rauchtis,  Rattis,^j//owf ;  the  plural  of  Raucht,  raftf 
ov  frame  of  wood.  Teut.  racker^  lidlor.  Dan.  recke^ 
tendere. 
Rauchtyr,  injirument  of  torture.  See  Rauchiis. 
Raucht,  reached  ;  as  taught  from  teach. 
Ravellyt,  Reulit,  entangled.  Teut.  ravelenj  intricare. 
Rauk,  hoarfe.  Fr.  rauque.  Lat*  raucus. 
Rauk,  Rax,  to  Jireatch,  to  draw  out  in  length  or  breadth, 
Rauking,  eajily  Jlreatched.    Teut.  recken.  Goth,  ra- 
kian^  tendere,  extendere,  expandere. 
Raw,  a  row  or  rank.  On  raw,  in  order. 
Raxes,  kitchen  implements  upon  which  the  fpit  is  fupport- 

ed  ;  andironsy  racks. 
^"^J i  Jongy  poem  ;  from  rhyme ^  as  Grew  for  Greek. 
Ray,  Ree,  rude^  mady  wild.     To  go  ray,  to  go  mad ; 
f^om^Sax.  rethy  ferox,  fsevus,  infeftus  ;  whence  red- 
wodcy  ftark-mad. 
Rayayt,  expl.  terrified  \  fame  with  Rad.  See  Ray. 
Rayne.  See  Rane,  to  hatp  on  the  fame Jlring. 
Reak,  Reik  (out)  to  rigg  or  equippy  to  adorn. 
Real,  royal.  Sp.     Realte,  Reawte,  Ryawte,   royalty. 

Fr. 
Ream,  cream  ;  to  Jkim  off  the  cream.     Ifl.  riomCy   flos 

la£tis. 
Reawis,  Royis,  kings y  royal  perjonages.  Fr.  roy. 
Rebald,  Ribauld,  rafcaly  ruffian.  Fr.  rihauld. 
Rebaldale,  Rybald  dale,  rafcally  company. 
Rebaldie,  Rybaldy,  vulgarity  of  converfation. 
Rebeck,  a  mujical  injirument.  Fr. 
Rebut,  Rebute,  to  repulfsy  refufey  difcourage.  ¥t.  rehu- 

ter,  repellere,  rejicere. 
Recerfe,  to  fcarch  carefully.   Fr.  re-chercher. 
Reck.  See  Rak,  care,  to  care. 
Recollis,  colle£iionSy  records.     Fr.  recueil-     Lat.  reeoU 

ligo. 
Recordar,  a/mall  common  flute. 

Recriant,  recreanty  cowardly,  crying  out  for  mercy  ;  "  a 

word 


Re.  Re. 

word  of  fuch  infamy,  that  Glanville  avoids  the  very- 
naming  of  it."  Fr. 

Recule,  to  recoyl  or  give  away,  Fr.  reculer, 

Recure,  to  recover. 

Recuvcrance,  recovery ;  from  Recure,  to  recover. 

Red.  See  Rad,  advice^  to  advife.  Will  of  rede,  confilii 
expers. 

Red,  Redd,  Rede,  to  unravel^  to  feparatey  to  clear  aivay* 
Swed.  rcedceoy  liberare  ;  rcedioy  &  Ifl.  rydioy  terram 
incultam  excifis  arboribus  demtifque  faxis  ad  cultum 
redigere  ;  figuratively,  to  compofe  quarrels.  Hence 
Redding  blow  or  Redders  part,  viz.  a  blow  or  ha- 
tred from  both  parties. 

Reddour,  Raddoure,  violence^  vehemencyy  Jluhhornneft . 
Fr.  roideur,  impetus  ;  which  has  probably  fome  af- 
finity with  Sax.  rethnejjey  ferocitas,  faevitia  ;  reth- 
mody  afper  animi. 

Rede,  to  dready  to  entertain  apprehenjions.  Fr.  redouter. 
Dan. 

Redomit ;  expl.  houridy  encircled ;  and  hence  bedeckt, 

Redreft,  redeemed. 

Red-wod,  Reid-wude,  raging  mad.  Sax.  reth.  Ifl. 
reidcy  ferox,  afper  ;  &  Sax.  wody  infanus. 

Ree,  a  fmall  riddle  larger  than  thejieve  ,•  alCo  ufed  as  a 
verb. 

Ree,  light  headedy  cra%y  ;  like  a  perfon  not  quite  reco- 
vered from  drunkennefs  ;  nearly  the  fame  with  Ray. 
Sax.  hreohy  ferus  animo. 

Refe,  Reif,  the  itch,  fcurvy.  Sax.  hreo/e^  fcabies,  fca- 
biofus  ;  whence  Rough. 

Refe,  Reif,  Reve,  now  Greve,  or  Grieve,  overfeer, 
correfponding  with  Engl,  bailiff;  originally  a  col- 
leBor  ov  fuperintendant  of  the  King^ s  revenue  within  a 
particular  diJlriB ;  according  to  Spelman,  from  Sax. 
reajian  or  ge-reajian,  rapere.  See  Greve.  This  word 
is  alfo  expl.  by  Lord  Hailes,  robber. 

Refe,  Reif,  Reive,  to  rob,  to  pillagCy  to  force  away. 
Sax.  reajian.  Teut.  raffen.  Goth,  raubiany  rapere, 
fpoliare.  Swed.  raf^  vulpes.  Reft,  robbed  or  hereafo 
ed  of, 

Refe, 


Re.  Re. 

Rcfe,-Reif,  Reifery,  rohheryy  raplney  plunder,  pillage. 

Sax.  reaf,  fpolia. 
Refell,  to  refute^  to  repell. 
Refer,  Rever,  Reiver,  rohhevy  plunderer  by  fea  or  land. 

Sax.  reajere,  raptor. 
Refer,  ts  retute,  to  rehearfe.  Lat.  refero. 
Refrane,  Refranyhe,  to  rejirain,  O.  Fr.  refraigmr. 
Refute,  refuge.  Yv.fuite,  flight. 
Regale,  the  privilege  now  called  a  regality. 
Regiment,  rukyfyjlem  of  rules.  Lat. 
Regrattour,  regrater,  forejialler.     Fr.  rc-grateur,  qui 

iterum  fcalpit. 
Regulere,  rule,  pattern^  archetype.  Lat. 
Rehatoure,  (GaW.  Dougl.)  feems  to  mean  mortal  enc" 

my  ;  from  Fr.  rehair^  to  deteft. 
Reik,  Reke,  ^ek,fmoke.    Sax.  rec.     Ifl.  reikr,  fumus. 

Goth,  riquisy   tenebrge.     Teut.  riecken,  halare,  fpi- 

rare;  whence  AuldReikie,  a  nickname  of  Edinburgh, 

Alfo  ufed  as  a  verb. 
Reik,  a  blow  ;    variation  of  Rak  ;  q.  v.     The  fame 

word  is  alfo  ufed  for  to  reach.    Teut.  retken,  expot- 

rigere. 
Reik,  Rink,  race,  courfe.  ^ace,  forte  (inquit  Skinner) 

a  Belg.  rennen,   q.  d.   rence,  elifo  propter   euphoni- 

am  «. 
Reiklefs.    See  Rackiefs,  carelefs^  raJJj. 
Reile,  Rele,  to  roll.    To  gar  one's  ene  reil,  to  tnaie  bis 

eyes  roll  or  rowl. 
Reile,  a  quick  dance  performed  commonly  by  three  or  four 

perfons ;  probably  from  Teut.  ra'ueleny  circumcur-. 

fare,  concurfare,  intricare. 
Reime,  expl.  to  fquall,  to  roar  j  with  an  allufion  per- 
haps to  the  manner  in  which  metrical  legends  were 

recited.  See  Rame. 
Reird,  dm  ;    alfo    to    call  out  aloud,  to  fpeak  loudly. 

'R.eitdit,refounded.  Sax.  reordian,  loqui,  fermocinari: 

fubftantively  noife,    uproar,    clamour.     Sax.   reord, 

fernio,  loquela. 
RcilTel,  to  adl  in  a  nofy  manner.     Teut.  ryjfelen,  ftre- 

VoL.  IV.  A  a  pere, 


Re.  Re. 

pere,  flrenitare  ;  like  a  man  hewing  down  ryfs  of 

branches. 
Reifl,  tojland  rejlive^  tojiop  ;  originally  the  fame  with 

Reft. 
Reift,  a  prop  or  fupporter.  Reiftis,  door  hinges. 
Reiftyt.   See  Rilert,  dried  by  the  heat  of  the  Jire^  or  of 

the  fun. 
Rek.  See  Reik,^«oi^.  Sax.  rec. 
Rek.  See  Rak,  to  care  for,  or  regard ;  alfo  to  reach. 
Religioun,  Religious,  religious  orders,  religious  foundam 

tion. 
Releifch,  to  releafe,  to  let  go,   or  fet  at  large,     Fr.  re- 

lacher. 
Releve,  to  return  with  freJJj  vigour,  to  renew,   to  reco- 
ver in  Jlrength  ;  alfo  to  raife,   to  promote.     Ff .  rele- 

ver. 
Relyie,  to  rally.  Relyit,  rallied.  Fr.  rallier. 
Remanand,  lajling^  permanent.  Lat. 
Reme,  to  throw  up  a  cream,  or  white  frothy   to  foam. 

Remand  tais,  (Gaw.  Dougl.),  foaming  bowl.     Sax^ 

ream^  cremor. 
Remede,  remedy  ;  alfo  to  heal  or  relieve.   Fr, 
Ketnorcfe,  ;f(?  recoiled,  to  remember,  Ccommonly  with  re» 

gret^  to  caufe  remorfe.  Fr. 
Remyllis,  expl.  blows. 

Renegate,  renegado,  apojlate  from  Chriflianity. 
Reng,  Ring,  reign,  to  reign.   Lat.  regno. 
Renge,  Reyng,  government,  rule,  reign. 
Rengye,  Rcnye,  the  rein  of  a  bridle  ;  alfo  to  bridle. 
Renk,  Rene,  man,  per/on.     Sax.  rink,  homo ;    from 

recke,  athleta. 
Renk,  Rink,  a  courfe  or  race.  To  rink  up  and  down, 
to  run  about.  Swed.  re^rna,  currere  ;  renna  till  rings, 
haftiludium  exercere ;  rekuy  vagari.  According 
to  Ruddiman,  from  Teut.  rencken,  fledlere  ;  "  as  the 
word  properly  lignifies  a  tour,  a  compafs,  or  wind- 
ing, and  not  going  fir  aight  on." 
Renfe,  Rhenifh. 

Renye;  ApiUrenye,  a  common  name  ior  fouthern-wood 
in  feveral  of  the  northern  counties  of  Scotland  j  the 

origfn 


Re Re. 

origin  of  the  term  unknown,  if  it  be  not  a  corrup- 
tion of  the  Fr.  name  abrotatif  Lat.  abrotanum^  q.  a- 
hrO'tainyey  apel-trainye^  Sec.  This  may  perhaps  be 
the  meaning  of  Apill-renyeis,  (Vol.  I.  p.  377.) 
where  it  is  explained;,  as  by  Lord  Hailes,  Jirings  of 
amber-beads. 

Repair,  refort^  company  ,•  alfo  to  return.     \0.  Fr.  r^- 
pa'trerr\ 

Reparrell,  to  repair  or  refit.  Fr.  repare'iller. 

Repaterit,  Repatirrit,  fedy  took   refrejhment.     Fr.  rt' 
paitre. 

Re-plege,  in  the  words  of  Skene,  **  quhen  ony  man, 
be  vertue  of  his  awin  jurifdiftion,  reduces  to  his 
awin  court,  his  awin  n[ian,  fra  ony  uther  mannis 
court,  and  leaves  ane  pledge  or  cautioner  behind 
him  for  due  adminiftration  of  juftice."  See  Cul- 
reach. 

Repudy,  quali,  repudiative,for  the  ptirpofe  of  divorcing. 
Fr.  repudier. 

Refewyt,  i.  e.  Refevyt,  referved  ;  q.  refaved. 

Refp,  Rifp,  a  kind  of  coarfe  grafs^  or  rufh.  Sax.  rifc^ 
fcirpus.  Ruddiman  miftakes  the  meaning  entirely. 

Refpirature,  Re-fpiratour,  re-infpirer.    Fr.  rtfpirateiir. 

Reflet,  a  place  of  refuge^  refidence^  abode.  To  refett, 
to  receive,  barbour,  or  entertain  ;  from  Fr.  recepte^ 
recette. 

Refurfe,  to  rife  upy  to  fpring  tip.  Lat.  refurgere. 

Rethor,  rhetorician^  orator.  Rethorie,  eloquence. 

Rethnas,  exp\.  prey  ?  (]Sax.  rethnej/e,  ferocitas.] 

Retour,  Retowre,  to  return,  to  make  a  return  (m  writ- 
ing.)   Fr.  retour. 

Retreand,  expl.  retreating  ;  by  abbr.  or  corr. 

Retreit,  to  refcindy  to  reverfe.  Fr.  retraSter  ,•  alfo  to  re^ 
fume  the  confideration  of. 

Reuk,  Rauk,/o^,  mifly  vapour.  See  Rak  and  Reik.  It 
may  alfo  iignify  odour y  flavour^  fo^^^^t  good  or  bad ; 
from  Teut.  reucky  rauchy  evaporatio  ex  materia  fe- 
miufta,  five  odorifera  fit,  necne. 

Reunde,  Roond,  a  fhred  of  cloth.  Ifl.  &  Teut.  rand, 
margo,  exttemitas. 

Reunde, 


Re.  Re. 

Reunde,  Roond,  to  grindf  to  produce  a  dtfagveeahle  noife, 
as  by  grinding. 

Rew,  to  pity,  to  have  compaffion.  Sax.  hreowan^  mife- 
reri.  The  word  fignifies  now  to  repent. 

TXQy,Jlreet,  a  line,  a  row.  Fr.  rj/f,  via,  platea.  Teut. 
reihe,  ordo  ;  row  or  Scott,  raw. 

Rewaird,  portion,  patrimony.  Reward,  in  Chaucer, 
fignifies  regard,  as  in  the  phrafe,  **  in  regard  of.'* 

Rewelynis,  Rullions^  Rillings,  in  the  days  of  Biiliop 
Douglas,  figriiiied  a  kind  of  brogues  ov  JJjoes  made  of 
undreffed  hides,  with  the  hair  on  them.  Originally 
they  might  be  only  broad  thongs  or  ftripes  of  raw 
Ijide  rolled  about  the  feet,  quafi,  rollings  ;  unlefs  we 
were  to  fuppofe  the  term  to  be  a  corruption  of  Fr. 
poulaines,  i.  e.  fouliers  a  poulaine,  a  l^ind  of  rt^de 
landals  made  of  horfe  leather  ;  from  poulain,  a  colt,' 
q.  prulains.  The  brogues  now  commonly  in  ufe,  o- 
therwife  called  fingh  foled  fhoes,  are  wholly  of  the 
fame  material,  imperfedly  tanned. 

RewmB.-ff-rt//;/,  kingdom.  O.  Fr.  reaume. 

Rewth,  Reuth,  Ruth,  pity,  compafjion.  Sax.  hreowe,^ 
pxnitentia. 

Rewthfull,  Reuthfull,  compaJJionate,full  of  pity. 

Rewthlefs,  Reuthles,  unmerciful,  cruel,  harflj. 

Rewfcand,  expl.  rouzing. 

Reve.  See  Refe,  Reif,  /ieword,  overfeer. 

Revele,  revelling,  merry  making  ;  properly,  joining  in 
intricate  dances  i  ivoai  Tent,  ravelen.  Skmner  and 
Ruddiman  derive  it  from  Fr.  reveiller,  becaufe  re- 
vels ^re  commonly  performed  in  the  night.  See 
Reil. 

Revengeans,  revenge,  vengeance. 

Rever.  See  Refere,  robber,  pirate.  Revery,  7-olbery. 

Revcrs,  rovers,  a  term  ufed  in  fliooting  with  the  bow 
and  arrow. 

Revery,  noife,  din  ;  the  crackling  and  roving  motion 
of  flames ;  with  allufion  perlraps  to  Revelry ;  ac- 
cording to  Ruddiman,  from  Fr.  refverie,  raving. 

Reveftre,  a  chapel  or  clofet.  Fr.  revcflitr.  Jlngl.  vejlry^ 

where 


Ri.  Ri. 

where  the  facred  veftments  are  kept.  Reveft,  toi 
cloath  ;  perhaps  with  a  change  of  drefs.  Fr.  reve- 
tir. 

Riach,  expl.  dun^  ill-coloured.    Swed.  rnpp,  ravus. 

Rial,  Ryal,  royal.  Ryawte,  royalty,  l^iolyie,  princely 
perfons. 

Rib,  to  turn  the  foil  with  the  plough  in  an  itnperfe£i 
manner  ;  q.  to  ripp. 

Ribbalddale,  Rebald-dale,  worthlefs  clafs  of  people^  rah~ 
hie.  Ifl.  rihbalder,  the?  fame.   See  Rebald,  ruffian. 

Rice^  Rys,  Ryfs,  branches  of  ha^el,  or  fitch  like  ;  bram- 
ble btifhes,  twigs  of  trees.  Tcut.  rys,  virga,  fu.cu- 
lus  ;  virgulta,  farmenta,  ramalia.  This  word  is  of- 
ten confounded  with  refh  or  refjjes,  ruflies,  of  quite 
a  different  origin. 

Richtwis,  now  perverted  to  righteoiir.  Sax.  riht-wis, 
fapiens,  right  wife, 

Richt  vow,  juf  now.  Richt  {wa,ju/lfo. 

Rickettis,  (redlius  Rickellis),  finull  heaps  ;  dimin.  of 
Rick  or  Ruck,  cumulus. 

Rife,  common,  plentiful.  Teut.  riif.  Sax.  ryfe.  Swed. 
rif  frequens,  largus,  copiofus. 

Rife,  Ryffe,  to  rive,  tear,  rend.    Ryffen,  riven^  tern. 

Rift,  to  belch.  Lat.  e-ruBare. 

Rigging,  the  top  or  upper  part  of  the  roof.  Sax.  hricg, 
taftigium,  dorfum  ;  whence  it  alfo  fignifies  hack  or 
back-bone. 

Rigg-widdy,  the  rope  or  chain  by  which  a  cart  is  fup- 
ported  upon  the  horfes  rigg  or  back  ;  originally  a 
nvithy. 

Higgling*  the  male  Cof  any  beaft)  that  lias  but  one  tcf- 
ticle.  Engl,  ridgelmg. 

Rike,  Ryke.  potetit,  rich.  Sax.  rvc.  Swed.  rik.  ]fl. 
rikur.  Goth  reiks,  potens,  validus,  fortis  ;  dives, 
.opulentus.  This  feems  to  be  the  natural  order  of 
the  fignification,  "  comme  ceux,  qui  avoient  le  plus 
de  force,  amaflerent  par  leur  brigandage  le  plus  de 
lichelles." 

Rikkel,  Rickle,  Ruckle,  a  fmall  heap.     Teut.  richel, 

rcpagulum. 


RI.  ^  Ro. 

repagalum.     Sax.  rica^  acervus  ;    hreac^  cumulus  j 

alfo  to  heap  up,  or  gather  into  heaps. 
Ring,  reign,  kifigdoniy  region  ;  alfo  to  reign. 
Ring-fangis,  probably  the  tunes  of  the  ring-dances  ;  or 

fuch  as  were  lung  hj  a  number  of  people  Handing 

in  a  ring. 
Ringle-eyed,  expl.  having  iveak  blue  eyes  ;    or  rather 

fuch  as  have  a  greater  proportion  of  white  than  u- 

fual. 
Rink.   See  Renk,  race  ;  alfo  a  circle  round  the  goal  in 

the  game  of  curling.     Rink-roume,  place  of  tour- 
ney. 
Riot,  routjfenjlingy  banqueting,  innocent  mirth. 
Rip,  Reip,  a  handful  of  unthrefhed  corn. 
Ripe,  tojiir,  tofearch^  to  probe^  to  examine,    Teut.  rep- 

peUf  movere,  agitare. 
Rippet,  fame  with  Rakket,  tmnulty  dijlurhance. 
Ripples,  a  weaknefs  in  the  back  and  reins. 
Rifeit,  Rizer'd,  dried  ox  parched  in  the  heat  of  the  fun,. 

Fr.  reffare,  burnt  up  with  drouth ;  rejforer,  to  dry 

by  the  heat  of  the  fun. 
Rifp.  See  Refp,  a  kind  of  coarfe  grafs. 
Roche,  rock.  Fr.  rocher. 
Rockat,  a  furplice  or  loofe  upper  garment.    Swed.  rack- 

lin,  veftis  linea  facerdotum,   quse   propriis  fuperin- 

duitur.  Fr.  rochet.  Teut.  rock,  veftis  exterior. 
Rocklay,  a  coarfe  cloak  or   mantle  ;  q.  d.   rough-cleid. 

It   may   alfo   fignify  a   mourning  cloak  or  garment. 

Teut.  rouw-kleed,  veftimentum  funebre,  from  rouwe, 

funus. 
Rode,  Rood,  Rude,  the  crofs,  or,  according  to  Junius, 

the  image  of  Chriji  on  the  crofs.     Sax.  rode,  crux. 

The  word   tree  is   frequently   added,  as  rode-.tree. 

Rode  or  Rood-day,  holy-crofs  day  ;    by  fome  expl. 

the  beginning  of  the  fummer  quarter  ;  but  days  which 

bear  this  name  are  to  be  found  in  different  times  of 

the  year. 
Roik.  See  Rauk,  a  thick  mij}  ox  fog, 
Roifc,  cxT^].fream. 

Rok^ 


Ro.  Ro. 

Kok,  d'ljlaff.  Swed.  rohy  colus,  , 

Rokk,  to  move  alternately  from  onejtde  to  the  other.    Iff, 
hroky  cum  impetu  quodam  movere.   The  Engl,  rock 
is  ufed  in  a  reftri£led  fenfe. 
Rolding,  perhaps  for  rollings  or  rowting. 
Role,  to  row  (a  boat.)  Rollaris,  rowers,  remiges. 
Romanis,  Romans,  hijloryy  relation   of  events^   real  or 
imaginary  j  now  reftrifted  to  works  of  invention, 
Fr.  roman. 
Rome-rakaris,  thofe  who  raiked  or  trudged  in  pilgrim^ 

age  to  Rome^i  and  brought  home  pretended  relichs. 
^onCy  Jiin  ;  faid  to  mean  Jheep-Jkin  drejjed  fo  as  to  ap- 
pear like goat-Jliin.     [Gael.  ro«,  feal,  fea-calf.  Swed. 
rone,  boar.]  The  fame  word  is  alfo  eXpl.  path. 
Rondel,  a  Jong  or  poem  which  ends  as  it  begins.     Teut. 

rondeely  carmen  rhjthmicum  orbiculatum. 
Ronk,  rankf  thick,  as  a  plentiful  field  of  corn. 
Ronnys,  Ronys,  rofe-hnjbes,  brambles,  briars.  Fr.  ronce, 
rubus.     The  word  alfo  occurs  in  the  ling.  numb. 
Ronne,  rofe-bujh, 
Roploch.  See  Raplock,  coarfe  cloth,  or  perhaps  wool. 
Rofeir,  rofe-bujh,  arbour  of  r of es.  Fr.  rofier. 
Rofet,  rofin.  Fr.  refine,  from  Lat.  refina. 
Rouk,  to  lie  clofe,  to  crouch. 
Roule,  to  roll,   (as   balls   upon  a  plain  furface.)     Fr.- 

rouler. 
Roume,  Rowme,  a  farm.  Goth,  rcms,  fpatiofus. 
Roun,  a  common  termination  in  nieknames,   as  in  wald- 
roun,   cuft-roun,  &c — perhaps    from    Teut.    rune, 
Ifl.  alrune,  magician.  Sax.  rz/wf-c/rp/z/g-,  myfteriorum 
callidus  ;  from   Goth,  runa,   myfterium  \  or  Teut. 
ruyn,  cantherius,  fpado  ;    analogous  to  the  mannfr* 
in  which  are  frequently  ufed  colt,  fiUyt  &c. 
Roun,  Round,  to  whifper.    Teut.  ruynen.    Sax.  runian. 
Swed.  runa,  fufurrare,  in  aurem  muffitare.     Hence 
it  alfo  fignifies  to  prepare. 
Round,  Reund,  a  fired  or  remnant. 
Roundal.     See  Rondel,  a  fong  ox  poem  of  a  particular 
conftru£lion. 

Roundel, 


Ro.  Ru. 

^koundel,  a  round  table.     [Teut.   rondell,  fcutum  mi- 
nus.] 
Rouners,  Rounders,  whifpers.  See  Roun. 
Rounge,  to  gnaw.  Fr.  ronger,  rodere. 
Roungs,   Rungs,  Jiout   cudgels,  rude  pieces  of  wood. 

Teut.  rancke,  ramus  longe  fe  extehdens. 
Roup,  Rowp,  Roop,  tojhout,  to  cry  aloud.  Teut.  roeptn^ 

tollere  vocem,  clamitare. 
Roup,  Rowp,  auSlion,  a  manner  of  fale.     Teut.  roepy 

clamor. 
Roup,  Roop,  hoarjenefs,  as  if  bj  clamouring. 
Rouplock,  rough  or  coarfe  cloth.     See  Raplock,  the 

fame. 
Rouft,  ruj}.  Rouftj,  rujly.  Teut.  roejl  &  roejligh. 
Roufl,  much  the  fame  with  Roup  &  Rout,  to  cry  with 

a  rough  voice. 
Rout,  Rowk,  Rouft  &  Roup,  all  nearly  the  fame.  The 

Sax.  hrutan  lignifies  to  fnort  ox  fnore  injleeping.   The 

Scott.  Rout,  to  roar  or  bellow  in  the  manner  of  cattle  j 

ex  fono. 
Rout,  Rowt,  crowd,  multitude,  army.     Teut.  rot,  tur- 

ma. 
Routh,  rowing  (a  boat.^     Routhis,  flrokes  ox  pulls  of 

the  oar  ;  from  KoWy  as  giouth  from  grow. 
Row,  to  roll,  to  wrap,  to  wind  (up.) 
Rowan,  Rowing,  q.  Rolling,  wool  as  it  comes  from  the 

cards.  To  caft  a  rowan,  to  bear  an  illegitimate  child. 
Rowan,  a  roan  horfe  ;  alfo  expl.  a  jade.  Fr.  rouen. 
Rowklay.  See  Rocklay,  long  coarfe  cloak. 
Rowth,  rotigh,  roughntfs,  plenty.  [Teut.  ruyth,  hifpidus 

herbis.]      fn  the  laft  fenfe,   it  may  be   from  Rife, 

plentful. 
Rovvy,  Rowie,  Roy,  King    Fr.  roy.  Gael.  ri. 
Royd,  Roid,  rude,  coarfe.  Lat. 
'R.oytt,  waggfh,  wild,  extravagant  ;    q^.  de-royed,  from 

Fr.  defrayer,  or  des-arroyer,  pertiirbare.    See  Deray. 
Rub,  to  rob  ox  plunder,  Rubbar,  robber. 
Rubeatour,  Rubiature,  robber  ;  from  which  the  word 

fecms    to  be   formed  in  macaroni  ilile.     Ital.  rtiba- 

tore. 

Ruck, 


Ru.  Ru. 

Ruck,  rickjjiack^  (as  of  haj  or  corn.)  Sax.  ricg,  acer- 

vus. 
Rude.  See  Rode,  the  holy  crofs. 
^n^Q^JlrongiJlout,  fierce. 
Rude,  Rode,  countenance  ^  the  hlujjj  of  youth  and  modejlyy 

the  glow  of  complexion.     Sax.  rudu^  vultus.     Scand. 

rode,  rubedo. 
Rug,  to  tear  ox  pull  with  force  ^  to  plunder.  Teat,  rucken^ 

to  fnatch  or  pull  awaj. 
Ruifs.  See  Rufe,  to  commend  highly. 
Rullions.  See  Rewelynys,   thin  flooes  of  untanned^  or 

half-tanned  leather. 
-^umbyl,  Rummjl,  to  make  a  roaring  noife^  to  bellow 

furiou/ly. 
Ruramys,  fame  with  Rumbyl,  to  hellow. 
Rummyfs,  Rummage,  to  fearch  by  turning  overy  or 

tofftng  things  about.  £Teut.  ruyfmuyfeny  flrepere,  per- 

ftrepere.3 
Rumpill,  the  rump,  or  rump  hone. 
Rumpillis,    diforderly  folds    (of  a  garment.)     Teut. 

gherimpelfgrimple,  fcruta,  damaged  cloathes. 
Runches,  a  common  weed  among  corn,  raphanus  rapha- 

niftrum.  Lin. 
Rung.  See  Roung,  rude  flick  or  cudgel. 
Runkill,  Runkillis,  writiklesy  to  wrinkle,   to  damage  by 

dtfordering.     "Yewt.  fronckele,  ruga  ;  fronckelen,  ru- 

gare. 
Run-rig,  burgh  or  farm  lands,   where  the  property  is 

held  in  alternate  ridges ;  fometimes  called  Rig  and 

rennet. 
Runt,  trunk  of  a  tree,  the  flem  of  fuch  a  plant  as  cab- 
bage ;  from  Root. 
Runt,  bullock,  an  aged  draught  ox,  of  the  largeft  Scot- 

tifh  or  Welfh  breed.  Teut.  rund,  bos. 
Rufe,  to  extoll,  prnife,  or  commend  highly.     III.  hroofun, 

commendatio.  Dan.  roefglcde^  jadlantia.  Toom  rufe, 

empty  boajl. 
Ruther,  notfe,  outcry  ,•  from  Roar. 
Rutilland,  croaking  in  the  manner  of  a  raven.     Teut. 

ro/f/f//,  grunnire,  murmurare ;  ro^f/,  murmur  rau- 

cum. 

Vol.  IV.  B  b  Rutt^ry, 


Ru.  Ry. 

Ruttery,  lechery  ;  of  the  fame  origin  with  Rut, 

Ruve,  Roove,  to  rivet ;  from  Engl,  groove. 

Ryal,  Rial,  royal.  Ryalte,  royalty. 

Rybbaldy,  vulgarity.  See  Rebaldy. 

Rybie,  ruby t  precious  Jlone, 

Ryder,  a  gold  coin  worth  about  fifteen  Jhillings . 

Ryd-hand,  Red-hand,  (fpoken  of  a  robber  or  murder, 

er),  talten  in  the  fa£i  ;  q.  luith  bloody  hand. 
Ryff.  See  Rife,  plentiful^  abundant.    Other  words  that 

are  fometimes  £pelt  with  Ky  are  to  be  found  under 

Ri. 
RyfFart,  RcifFart,  radipj.  Fr.  rat/art^  rifart,  raphanuS,. 


SA4 


Sa. Sj 


S* 


Sa,  toJhoWf  expofe^  exhibit^  to  fay. 

Sac,  Sak,  one  of  a  Barfiiis  privileges.  See  Sok. 

Sacre,  Saker,  Sacrify,  to  confecrate.  Fr.  facrer.  Lat. 
facrare. 

Sad,  ferious,  grave,  fleadyy  jufl ;  abbreviation  of  Teut* 
fatigh^  temperans,  modeftus,  placidus. 

Saft,  tranquil,  quiet^  at  reji.  Teut.  faft^  fuavis,  mol- 
lis. 

Saiklefs,  Sakles,  guiltlefs,  innocent,  free.  Szx..facleas^ 
fine  culpa  ;  fac,  &  Teut.  faecke,  caufa,  lis,  contro- 
verfia.  l^.faka,  laedere  ;  from  which  it  would  ap- 
pear that  the  original  meaning  of  the  woid  was 
hartnlefs.  Perhaps  the  latter  part  of  the  term  Haim- 
fuken  may  be  connefted  with  this  111.  word  rather 
than  with  Teut.  soeken,  to  seek.     , 

Saikyrs  (andHalf-faikyrs)  aj^^aVj  o/fTfl/iwo/r;  perhaps 
figuratively  from  O.  Vr.facre,  a  fpccies  of-liawk. 

Sail,  to  affail  or  aJTault.  Fr.  ajjailler. 

Saim,  Same,  tallow,  fat,  particularly  that  of  a  hog. 
S^x.feime,  febum.  Teut.  seem,  mel. 

Sa\p,/oap.  Sax.  &  Dzn.fcepJ 

Sair,  very,  much.  Teut.feer,  valde,  multilm. 

Sairjybr^-,  forely.  Sax.  far.  Swed.faer,  dolor. 

Salt,  feat,  bench.  Lords  of  the  fait,  lords  of  the  bench, 
or  as  formerly  written,  bini. 

Sakket,  fatchel  or  little  hag  ;  dimin.  of  Sack. 

Saklefs.  See  Saiklefs,  innocent. 

Sale,  Sail,  hall,  chamber,  parlour.  Teut.  file,  aula. 

Salt,  exorbitant,  grievous,  troublefome.  [Teut.y2j/««,  fa- 
tiare.] 

Salt,  affault,  affailed.    Fr.  ajailler. 

S^luHfJaluted,  ivelcomed.  hat.  fa/utare. 

Salut,  health,  fafety,  profperity.  Yx.falut*.  hat.falus. 

Sa-meki],/o  mtich.  See  Mekill,  ^r^^^ 

Samin, 


Sa.  Sa. 

Samin,  Samyn,  the  fame^  together.     Goth,  famariy  (i- 

raul. 
Sanft  Johne  to  borowe,  may  St.   John  be  your  protec' 

tor.  Teut.  horghe,  fidejuiror. 
Sand  blind,  pur-blind ^Jhort-Jtghted. 
Sane,  to  fay.  Teut.  fegghen^  dicere,  narrare. 
Sane,  Seyn,  to  blefs^  to  conf cerate.     TewX..  feghtnen^  be- 

nedicere.    God  fane  you,  Godt  feghen,  Deus  benedi- 

cat ;  alfo  to  heal,  to  preferve.  l^Vit.fanare. 
Sangf  fong,  didjing.,  Teut.  Sax.  Zccfang,  cantus. 
Sanguane,  Sangujne,  red,  or  having  the  colour  of  blood. 

LiZt.fanguis. 
Sanorous,  expl.favoury  ;  ^evhs-ps  favorOus. 
SappSt  fops,  bread  foaJked  in  fome  nourifhing  liquid. 
Sare,  Sar,  to  four,  to  mount,  ov  advance  upwards,  Sarys, 
f oars,  mounts.  Szvd,  foared.  Szviznd,  mounting.  Sar- 

raly,  loftily. 
Sark.  See  Strk,  fhirt,fhift. 
Sary,  forry,  forrowful,  fad. 
Safyne,  Seifin,  investiture.  Fr.y^ij/i"/-,  arripere. 
Sate,  an  omifjion,  trefpafs,  mif carriage ,  flip.     'Pt.faut,  a 

leap  or  jump, 
Sauch,  Saugh,  a  willow  or  fallow  tree.  O.  Fr.faulx,  8c 

fahuc.   \j,'^X..  falix . 
Saucht,  Saught,  peace,  quiet.    Sax.  feht,  amicitia,  pax, 

paftum,  faedus.    Tewt.faecht,  zaht,  tranquillus,  pa- 

cificus  ;  faechten,  mitigare,  mollire.     The  Scottifh 

word  is  alfo  ufed  as  an  adje£live,  and  a  verb  ;  fome- 

times  written  Saglitil. 
Siiuchtning,  Saughning,  agreement,  pacification  ;  fron\ 

Saucht. 
Sauf,  Saulf,  ^2i\?,fafe,  to  fave  ;  except. 
?izniQ,falvc,  ointment  ;  £rom  hat.  falvus. 
Saule-prow,  benefit  of  foul.  See  Prow. 
Saur,  favour,  to  favour  badly.     Ifl.  faur,   fordes,  fter- 

cus. 
Saut-fat,^}///  ci/p,  ox  filt-holder  ;  from  Vat. 
Saw,  a  faying,  proverb.     Teut.  faeghe.     Sax.  &  Swed. 

faga,  narratio,  di6lio.     Teut.  feghen,  dicere.     Lat. 


Sa.  ■  Sc. 

feco,fequo  ;  unde  refequor,  refpondeo.  S^yzTj/psak- 

er,  author. 
Saw,  tofow.  Teut.  Jaeyen,  ferere. 
Sajnd,  Send,  mej/age.     Sayndis-man,  mejfenger.     Sec 

Send. 
Scale.     See  Skail,  to  Jcatter^  to  fpilly  as  by  dropping 

without  intention. 
Scalkit,  chalked^  whitened  as  with  chalk. 
Scarpens,  thinfoledjhoei,  pumps.  Fr.  efcar.pines. 
Scar,  Skard^  that  part  of  ajieep  hill  from  which  the  foil 

or  furface  has  been  wqfloed  away  by  torrents. 
Scart,  Skarth,  htrmophrodite  ;    according  to  Skinner, 

from  the  appearance  of  the  female  part,  c^.fcratch. 
Scarth,  a  f pedes  ofcorvorant^  Pelecanus,  Carbo  Lin. 
Scaup,  a  f mall  bare  knoll. 
Scaythe.  See  Skaith,  lojs^  damage^  injury. 
Scellerar,  keeper  of  the  cellar. 
Schaif,yZ'frt/',  quiver  (of  arrows.) 
Schaikers,  Schakeris,  thin  leaves  of  gold  orjthcr  hang-- 

ing  loofe. 
Schairn,  Scharne,  dung  of  cattle.     Sax.  fcearn,     Dan. 

fknrn.  "Fv'is.fchtrny  flercus,  fimetum. 
Schald,^rt//ou'.  "Schaldis,  fhallow  parts, 
Schalk,  knight  ;  ox\^\x^'3\\y  fervant.    Teut.  fchalk\,  fer- 

vus  a  fuprema  ad  infimam  conditionem." 
Schamon,   (JPeblis  at  the  piny),   probably  fjjow  man^ 

fhaw  mony  one  who  amufed  the  country  people  witli 

mufic  and  dancing,  or  fuch  like.    Mr  Pinkerton  ex- 
plains this  word  falmon. 
Schangan,  Shangic,  a  cloven  fick  tied  to  the  tail  of  a 

dog. 
Schanks,   (in  feme   parts   of  the  country,)  ftockings, 

Schankers,  the  women  who  knit  them. 
Schape,  Schap,  to  promife,  or  have  a  promifng  appear- 
ance, to  fet  abou*,  to  preparey  to  form  a  plan.     Teut. 

fchaffen,  agere,  negotiari. 
Schaie,  to  cut  ox  flic e  down,  as  a  loaf.  See  Scheir. 
Schathmont,  Schaftment,   Shafmet,  a  meafute   oi  fx 

inches  in  length  ;  or,  as  commonly  exprefled,  the  f/i 

liith 


Sc.  ^d. 

nuith  the  thumb  turned  vp.     ^2iJi.  fcacft  mund,  femU 
pes  ;  fcaeft^  cufpis,  &  viund,  extremitas  palmte. 

Schaups,  Swaiips,  expl.  empty  hujks ,-  rather  young  pods, 
as  of  peafe. 

Schaw,  a  thick  wood  or  grove,  (upon  a  declivilj.) 
Swed.y^o^.  Hih.  Jheaghas,  filva. 

Schawaldowris,  (according  to  the  editor  of  Win- 
ton's  Chron.)  *'  wanderers  in  the  woods,  fubiill- 
ing  bj  hunting  j"  from  /chaw,  filva  ;  &  Sax.  heal^ 
dan,  tenere  ;  q,  people  who  held  or  heft  by  the  woods. 
Ttut.fchavuyt,  nebulo,  furcifer.  Mod.  iicot.Jhavy- 
ter.  The  primary  fenfe  of  the  Teut.  word  is  an  owl. 
Knyghton  has  Jhavaldres,  which  feems  the  fame 
word.  Schawald,  to  wander  about  idly. 

Schawmes,  Schawms,  mvjical  horns,  crooked  trumpets, 
(litui.)  Teut. yc/jfl/«jfy,  tibia  gingiina.  Fr.  chains 
mea,  from  Lat.  calamus. 

Schavelingis,  expl.  vagabonds.   See  Shatvaldouris. 

Schavj,  Skavie,  wodcy  i.  e.  mad ;  from  the  fanie 
fource. 

Shed,  to  divide  or  ftparate  ;  alfo  divided  ur  feparatcd. 
Schede  of  the  croun,  divijion  of  the  hair  on  the  crown 
of  the.  head.  Teut.fchieden,  feparajle,  diftinguere. 

Scheir,  Schere,  to  cut,  to  flic e  into  two  or  rnore  parts. 
Teut.  fchieren,  dividcre,  parti ri ;  wljence  Shears, 
fcijjhrs.  ■  ^ 

Scheir,  Schere,  to  cut  or  pierce.  Teut.  fcheuren,  dif- 
rumpere,  lacerare  ;  fcheure,  ruptura,  hiatus. 

Scheld,  Schei]d,^?V/<f.  TLWt.fchild,  clypeus  ;  fchilde- 
ren,  depingeie. 

Schelnum,  Scheltron,  Schelteroun,  afqundron,  column, 
or  part  of  an  army  ;  a  com  pa  B  body  of foldlers  ;  from 
Fr.  echelle,  turma  ;  qi'-afi,  echellirone  ;  as  from  Lat. 
Earb.  fquadro,  fquadrcne.  'i  he  origin  of  the  Fr. 
eclellc  is  the  Lat.  ^zx^i.  fcala,  or  (as  it  is  fometimes 
written)  y^^/rrt  ;  from  the  Tg\xx.  fchaar,  fcheel,  or 
fcheydcl,  a  divifion.  Mr  Ritfon  explains  Scheltron 
**  a  body  of  foot  in  a  compact  circle  ;  fo  called,  it 
*«  would  feem,  from  the  appearance  of  their 
«  fliield:," 

Schelty, 


Sc.    .   .11  ,,i .  Sc,    / 

Sclielty,  ajmall  horfe  or  mare, 

Schene,  luflref  brightnefs.   Ttut,  fcbim,  fplendor,  nitor, 

candor,  jubar. 
Schcne,  brightyjhiningy  clear ^  beautiful.  Teut.  fchiinigb, 

fplendens,  nitens. 
Schene,  toJlAne.    Teut.Jchiinenf  fplendere,  fulgere,  di- 

lucere,  rutilare,  corufcare. 
Schent,  Schendit,  Scheiikh,  conjounded.  Tent. /chenden, 

vitiare,  poUuere,  violare. 
Scherald,  expl.  a  gree/i  turfy  q.  new  fhorn,  or  cut  out. 

See  Scheir,  to  f lice. 
Schere,  Sere,  (Sare,)  very^  great,  very  many.     Teut. 

feery  valde,  maxime. 
Schere,  Scherand,  the  cleavings  loin,  or  groin.     Schere 

bone,  OS  pubis. 
Scherene,  expl.  Syren,  mermaid. 
Schewe,   CScheve),  fhoved,    thrujl  forward.     "  Belg, 

fciiven,  protrudere,  propellere." 
•Schewre,  expl.  to  divefi,  tofhuffie  off.    See  Schire. 
Schidis,  Schydis,  chips,  fplinters  of  wood,  fire-brands. 
Tent,  fcheyden,  feparare,  disjungere,  deiitnere.  [Lut, 
fcidium.^ 
Schidit,  cloven,  cut  in  pieces.  See  Schidis, 
Schildernc,  a   bird  (fit  for   the   table) ;    fpecies  un- 
known. 
Schill,^r///.  Teut.  y^-^r^j,  clamor  ;  alfo  chill. 
Schir,  Schyr,  Schyir,yfr,  lord.    Ssx.fcir,  clarus,  illuf- 
tris  :  Or,  as  others  will  have  it,  from  figora,  viftor, 
triumphans  ;  compounded,  according  to  Verftegan, 
ai  ftge,  vidoria  ;  &  heorra,  dominus.  Augudine  in- 
forms us,  that  in  his  time  the  Gothic  beggars  ia 
Rome  ufed  the  words  "  armai,   Sihor,*'  which  he 
explains  miferere,  domine  ;  and  in  Olaus  Wormius  we 
find  Ifl.  Siar  in  the  fame  fenfe.     Whatever  may  be 
the  origin  of  the  Fr.  fieur,  we  can  fcarcely  fuppofe 
that  thefe  Teutonic  words  have  any  relation  to  the 
Lat.  fenior.     If  none  of  thefe   fliould   prove  fatis- 
faftory,   the  term   may  ftill  be  accoui^ted  for,  by 
the  Sax.  fe,  articulus  praepofitivus,  q.  fe  heorra, 

dominus  ; 


Sg.  Sc. 

dominus ;  as  in  y&  htelend^  falvator ;  fe  fader^ 
pater;  fe  hrydguma,  fponfus.  The  title  of  Schir, 
as  particularly  mentioned  bj  Sir  David  Lindfay,  was 
frequently  given  to  churchmen,  even  of  inferior 
rank.  It  is  not  improbable  that  the  Yr.Jieur  may  be 
from  the  fame  origin  with  the  S^x.Jtgora. 

Schire,  to  pour  off  the  thinner  or  lighter  part  of  any  li- 
quid mixture ;  alfo  expl.  clean^  thin,  fpoken  of  the 
part  which  has  been  poured  off.  Gaw.  Douglas  has 
Birnand  fchire  for  burning  brightly.  Sa.^.fcir,fcyrf 
purus,  limpidus,  lucidus.    SwQd.  J^t^ra,  purgare. 

Scho,  Sche,^^.  Sax.y^o.  heo.  Swed.yiv.  Goth. yo, 
hsec,  ilia. 

Schog,  tofhake  (a  heavy  body.) 

Schoir,  to  threaten,  to  mahs  a  threatening  noife,  to  ufe 
threatening  gefiuresy  to  command filence.  SvicdL.  fkorrciy 
reprehendere.  Germ,  fchnarren,  fonum  ftriduluni 
edere ;  fchnarchen^  minas  fpirarc.  [Ital.  fcorare, 
confternare.]) 

^choue,  fhoes.  Tent,  fchoen  ;   hand-schoen,  gloves. 

Schort,  to  recreate.ot  amufe,  to  fhorten,  or  jnake  time 
appear  /hort. 

Schotr,  Schote,  thefhutter  of  a  window. 

SehottlCy /mall  drawer,  bolt  of  a  door. 

Schought ;  expl.yt/72y&,  covered  up.  See  Seu. 

Schouris,  forrows^  affliSfions,  terrors.  Swed.  forg. 
Goth,  faurg,  <erumna,  dolor.  Teut.  forghe,  cura, 
folicitudo  ;  fchouw,  terriculum,  terriculamentum  ^ 
&c  pavidus,  confternatus. 

Schouting,  Crying,  in-lying,  child  hearing. 

Schow,  to  dri'-je  forward,  or  to  drive  away  ay  frighten- 
ing. Tent,  fchuwen,  defugere,  fugitare. 

Schowd  ;  expl.  to  waddle  in  going. 

Schowing  ;  expl.fhoving,  thrufling  up,  ov  forward. 

Schrcw,  to  curfe.  Schrew  me,  may  evil  befall  me.  Teut. 
hefchriyen,  fafcinare,  to  bc-witch. 

Schrewis,  villains. 

Sehriff,  Schryve,  to  make  confefjion,  Szx.  fcrifanf  delic- 

s    torum  confeffioaes  cxigere. 

Schryft, 


S'c.  — -  Sc. 

ft 

Stht-yft,  auricular  confejfion.     Sax.  fcrift  ;    from  Lat. 
fcrihere ;    q.  d.  piena  prjefcripta  ;    vel  quoniam  fc. 
eorum   qui  confeffi  fiint  nomina   olini  in  catalogo 
fcribebantur  feu  adnotabantur. 

Schudder,  Schouder,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  to  rejiji^  to  op;- 
pofe  or  with  (land ;   q.  d.  to  Jet  ofies  Jlooulder  agaitiji. 

Schule,  ^\\nWc\,JJjovel.  '^twX.  fcheuffel. 

Schune,  Schwne,  Sojne,  (fuppofed,  by  Mr  Macpher- 
fon,  to  mean,)  he  opprejjed  ivith  care  or  grief ;  from 
Fr.  foin. 

^c\\\x-^,Jhnped,  formedy  fajhioned.  Sec  Schape,  to  form 
a  plan.  In  this  manner  the  pret.  tenfe  is  frequently 
formed  ;  as  Schuke,  didjhahe  ;  Schnvci  Jbea red. 

Schurling,  Shorling,  the  Jkin  of  a  floeep  that  has  hecji 
lately  Jhorn  or  clipped. 

Schute,  to  pujly.  T&wX..  fchutten^  propellere. 

Sclandyr,  y?aW<rr.  O.  Fr.  efclandir. 

Sclave,  Sklave,^<7i^f.  Fr.  efclave. 

Sclent,  Sklent,  tojlant  or  turn  to  a  fide. 

Scoggy,  Scokkjjfyadyyfull  offhadcs.    See  Skug,^^^- 
••  dow. 

Scoll,  healthy  profperityy  fuccefsy  proteBion\  literally 
fliield.    SviGd.  Jkoldy  Jhiol,  clypeus,  fcutum,  tegmen  ; 

•    yZ^/«,  tegere.     Dan. y^/o/<f,  defence,  prote<5^ion  ;  de- 
iigns,  intentions.     On  the  memorable  day  of  Gow-  " 
rie's  Confpiracy,   the   King,  when  he  was  leavins^ 
the  company  to  go  up  flairs,  defired them  "to drink 
his/coll"  in  his  abfence. 

Scone,  Skone,  a  thin  bannock  of  wheat  four.  Swed. 
Jiona,  parcere. 

Score,  a  line  mode  by  fcratching  or  engraving,  Scorit, 
marked  by  a  line. 

Scorp,  Skarp,  Skropp,  Skripp,  Skrypp,  to  derideyjihc, 
or  fnecr.  Scorppit,  Skroppit,  Skrippit,  derided y 
fneered,  ufed  cantemptuous  gefures.  Y^-aw,  Jkrabcy  a  re- 
proof ox  rebuke.  Swed.  JkraeppOy  ja£tare  fc,  gloriari ; 
Jkraeppy  jadlatio,  oftentalio  ;  Jkrafa,  nugari,  ferma- 
cinari.  Lat.  crepare^  gloriari.  See  Schoir,  to  ufe 
threatening  gefures  ;  from  Swed.  yl^crra,  fonum  ftri- 
VoL.  IV.  C  c  dulum 

/ 


Sc.  — — —  Sc. 

dulum  edere  ;  nearly  correfponding  with  the  Scotf. 

verb  to  hoijl. 
Scot,  Skott,  a  certain  county  or  burgh  ajfejfment  or  tax. 

S^x./cGt.     Swed.Jiatt^  tributum.     Goth.  JkattanSf 

pecuniam  ;  whence  ^\\oX.X.yJhare. 
Scoutard,  eyi\)\.fculker.     Swed.  sJ^utta,  curfitare.     Ifl. 

siiotr,  celer,  feftinas. 
Scowp,  Scowth,  Scouff,  great  room  ox  f pace ^  **  /cope."** 
Scowder,  to  dry  ox  parch  by  placing  in  a  vehement  heat. 

Teut.  ichoude^  caminus,  fumarintn  ;  schouden^  cale- 

faccrc. 
Scowrie,  having  an  appearance  as  if  dried  or  parched  ; 

alfo  luajled ;  from  Scowder. 
Scrab,  crab  apple. 
Scrimp,  Skrimp,   to  deal  sparingly  zvith.     To  fkrimp 

one  in  his  meat,  to  hunger  him  ;   alfo  adjeftivelj  for 

narrow,  sparing,   contraBed,  Jhort.     Teut.  krimpen, 

diminuere,  contrahere,  decrefcere. 
Scripture,  Skrewtoir,  escritoir.  Fr.  escriptoire. 
Scrogg,  oldjlunted  bujh,  as  of  thorn.     Scroggy,  Jitll  of 

eld  Jiunted  trees  or  buJJjes.     Sax.   scrobby   frutex ; 

whence  ^r«5. 
Scrufe,  Skrufe,  scurf.  Sax.  scurf  fcables.  ' 

Skryke,  Skrygh,  shriek,  to  shriek.  Dan.  skriige.  Swed.. 

skrtia,  frequentative  of  skria,  to  cry. 
Scrynoch,  Scroinoch,  noife,  tu?nult.     iJwed.  JkraUy  cla:- 

mor  ftridulus. 
^cxyvayxiy  Jkirmish,  Jkirmisloing,    TtMX..  fchirmen,  pugi- 

lare. 
Scuds,  brijk  beer,  a  cup  of  foaming  ale. 
Scuff,   to  touch  JUghtly  by  a  quick  motion  ;  nearly  the 

fame  with  scudd,  to  move  svjiftly. 
Scug,  Skug,  shelter,  ta  shelter  either  from  sun  or  wind  ; 

literally  shadow,  and  to  shade.    Swed.  Jkugga.    Dan.- 

fkygge^  umbra.     Ifl.  J^ygga,   obumbrarej    skyggd, 

tegmen,  defenfio. 
Scull,  fhallow  bajket,  cradle  ;  from  Swed.  skaol,  lanx, 

patera. 
Scull-duddry,yc(rmVn/»c/i.  [Swed.  skoraktighet.'] 

J>cumm, 


Sc.       .iiMi  .■  Sc. 

Scumm,  Skumm,   to  skim  or  glide  along  the  surface  of 

the  wateVy  or  through  the  air.  Fr.  escumer. 
Scunner,  Skunner,  Spouner,  to  shudder  from  disgufly  to 

loath  on  account  of  some  filthy  appearance  ;  merely  a 

variety  of  shudder. 
Scurl,  Skurle,  scahy  scale  ;  dim.  of  Skurf,  q.  scurfel. 
Se,  seat ^  place  of  refidence  ;  from  Lat.  sedes, 
Seculair,  temporal,  of  the  laity.  Fr.  <&  Lat. 
Scge,  a  man.     Segeis,  men.     Sax.  secg^  miles,  vir  flre- 

nuus,  illuftris  ;  *'  by  a  poetical  fynecdoche  ufed  fim- 

ply  for  man^'*  in  which  fenfe  it  occurs  repeatedly  in 

Dougl.  Virgil ,  and  in  Pierce  Ploughman's  Vifions, 

contemptuoufly.  See  Segg. 
Sege,  afeaty  a  throne.    Segeis,  seats.    Yx.fiege  ;  alfo  to 

set  or  place  ;  to  hefiege. 
3ege,  to  say,  speak,  recite.  Dan.^p-^,  dicerc. 
f>^ggi  Bull  fegg,  a  hull  that  has  been  gelt  at  full  age,  a 
foul  thick' necked  ox,   having   the  appearance  of  a 

bull. 
Seggis,  sedges.  Sax.  secg,  carex,  gladiolus. 
Scile,  Sele,  happiness,  prosperity.     Sax.  sari,    &  selth, 

bonum,  felicitas.     Sele  and  wele,   health  and  happi^- 

ness. 
Seily,  Sely,  happy,  harmless,  fimple,   innocent,  poor  ("in 

fpirit.)     Teut.  saligh,  beatus,  felix,   pauper  ;  quod 

beati   fint   pauperes   fpiritu,   fcripturae   teflimonio. 

Sax.  &  Goth,  sely  bonus.  See  Unfel,  unhappy, 
Seina,  resemhlancey  likeness^  appearance. 
Seindel,  Sendil,  Sendle,  seldom  ;  perveriion  of  Teat.  & 

Sax.  selden,  raro,  rarenter. 
Seir,  Sere,  very.  Teut.  seer,  valde  ;  alfo  cxpl.  sure, 
Seirfe,  Seifter,  to  search.  Fr.  chercher,  quaerere. 
Seis,  to  settle,  fix,  give  full  pofjefjion. 
Seiftar,  thefijtrum,  a  muiical  inftrument. 
Seitis,  (Dougl.  VirgilJ,   feems  to  fignify  plants^  herbs, 

ox  flower-plots.    &?LX.fetene,  planta  ;  fetme,  propagi- 

nes. 
Selabill,  q.  Seilful,  happy.  See  Seil. 
Selch,  Selcht,  afeal^  ox  fea  coif,  ^nx.fele,  phoca,  vitu- 

lus  marinus. 

Selcouth, 


S^.  Sc. 

tielcoudi,  Selkouth,  /IrangCj  uncommon^  unufual.     Sax, 

felcuth,  rarus,  infolitus  ;  q.  A.  feld  (or  Jeldom)  cuth, 

raro  notus. 
Seldvn,  Selwjn,  Sellan,  ^tjn(i<A,feldom.     Sax.  feldon, 

raro.  See  Seindel. 
Self,  foiiietimes  ufed  for  the  fame.     The  felf,  or  The 

felvin,  for  it-felf.  G^th.  Jt/bin,  ipfum  \  fdhay  ipfc. 
Sel],y^i?  /  behold  I  [Gael. /^d/,  videre.] 
Selwyn,  Seluynj  Selfin,y^^,  the  fame, 
Sellat,  afoldier^s  helmet  or  head-piece.  Fr.  salade. 
Selyni^iSfJimplicitj>,  happiness.  See  Seilj. 
Semblant,  semhlajice,  appearance.  Fr.  semhlant.  Semble^ 

hojli  engaged. 
Sembyl,  Shanabel,  to  dijiort,  to  make  a  wry  mouth.  Fr. 

semhler.  h^t.jimulo. 
Sempyl,  ignoble,  belonging  to  the  vulgar  ;  in  contradifr 

tindion  to  Gentle^  honourable. 
^i:n,Jtnce,  seeing.  Sen  iynt.Jince  that  time. 
Sen,  Senye,  Jillh,  najiiness.  Lat.  sanies. 
Sence,  Seiife,  Cence,  contr.  from,  incence. 
•Send,  viefflige.   Ifl.  sende,  nuncius,  mandatum. 
^tnCyJight  ;  alfo  to  see  or  be  seen. 
Sennoun,  Sennint,  corr.  of f new.     Sennlntj,  jTull  offt- 

news. 
Senthis,  hence  ;    literally  perhaps  always  after,  that  ,• 

from  Sax.  fin^  femper,  perpetuo  ;  &  thisy  hoc,  banc. 
Senye,    Senyhe,  Seingny,  synod;    and   fometimes,  it 

would  feem,   senate.     Teut.   seyne,   an  alTembly  of 

clergymen. 
"Senye,  Senyhe,^^«,  enjtgn,fiandardy  difiingu'ifloing  mark 

in  war,  pass-word.  Fr.  enseigne. 
Senye,  Senyhe,  s^ed^  progeny.  Lat.  semen, 
Senye,  Senyhe.  See  Sen,  corrupted  matter. 
Senyeory,  Senyhowry,  dominion^  lordfhip,  powcry  seig- 
niory. Fr.  seigneurie,  dominiunij  ditio,  mancipium. 
Sepplynis,    Syplynis,  Suplynis,    twigs,    branches ;    q. 

saplings  ;  or  perhaps  from  souple,  pliant.     See  Sou- 

Serpj  Sarc,  a  sere  j  alfb  adjeflively  sore,  painful. 

Sere. 


Sere.  See  Seir,  very,  excejjivey  greatly.  Gaw.  Douglas 
feems  to  ufe  it  for  several  or  many. 

Seremons,  Serimouns,  ceremonies^  by  corruption. 

Serf,  to  serve  ;  alfo  for  Diferf,  to  deserve. 

Sergeant,  Serjant,  inferior  officer  in  a  court  of  jujlice. 
Fr.  sergenty  apparitor,  viator. 

Serge,  a  lampy  torchy  taper y  wax  candle.  Fr.  ciergey  ce- 
reus  or  cerea. 

Sermond,  conversation,  talk.  Lat.  sermo. 

Serpliath,  Serplath  (of  wool,)  eighty  Jiones  ;  literally 
what  is  contai?ied  in  a  pack  ;  from  Fr.  sarpilliere  ; 
q.  d.  sartce  pelles. 

Serviottis,  Servytes,  Serviters,  towelsy  table  napkins. 
Yx.ferviettey  mantilia,  raantile. 

Servitour,  Servitor,  y^-rt^^wi?.  ^t.ferviteury  fervus. 

Sefs,  tax  ;  abbrev.  of  afjeffiment. 

Set,  to  he-fety  to  way-lay.  Swed.  &  Ifl.  fatta^  inlidias 
ftruere,  infidere. 

Set,  Sit,  to  becomcy  tofuit.  Swed.  fata^  prodelTe,  juvare  ; 
q.  d.  to  affifl  the  appearance y  or  increafe  the  utility. 
Sxtelig,  conve?iiens. 

Set,  Sett,  cotijiitution,  form  of  government.  Swed.  ft  tt, 
modus,  ratio  ;  fettOy  con  venire.  This  word  is  com- 
monly derived  from  Teut.  ficht,  mollis,  mitis,  i.  e. 
foft ;  correfponding  nearly  with  Swed.  fackta,  tran- 
quillus,  pacificus,  tvhich  feems  to  be  quite  a  diffe- 
rent race  of  words. 

SeX^fnare  for  catching  animals.  Swed.  fata, 

Setterel,  expl.  thick  madcy  dwnrfifo. 

Sewchy  furrow,  gulphy  ditch.  \j3X.  fulcus  ;  v^.fulch.  To 
feuch  the  fe,  tt  plotigh  the  main. 

Sevyn  fternes,  the  conjiellntion  called  the  Pleiades. 

Sewane,  (Biihop  Douglas),  fame  kind  of  confeBion  or 
fweeC-meat }    perhaps  from  Fr.  echaude,  cruftulum 
triquetrum. 
Sewar,  one  ivho  phues  the  difhes  upon  a  great  mai^s  ta- 
ble i  from  Fr.  affeoury  or  affeoir,  to  fet  or  place  ,  ef- 
cuyers  trevchanis,  as  the  French  call  them. 

^cy,S2iy,  ajpiy,  examination.  Yi.effay,  tMo  to  ajjayy 
attempt,  or  try. 

Sevle. 


Se.  .  Si. 

Seyle.  See  Sail,  happinefs. 

Scyne,  to  fee  ;•  as  Sayne  for  fayy  Fleyne  for  Jke,  Beno 
for  he. 

Seyne,  Sayne,  to  blifs  or  confecrate  \  to  make  thejign  of 
the  crofi.  T!e\xt.  feyneUy  feghenetiy  bene  precari,  bene- 
dicere. 

oejnity  ionz,  fignal  hlafi  or  found.  See  Senye, 

Sh  ;  various  woids  beginning  with  thefe  letters  arc  to 
be  found  under  Sch. 

Shan,  expl.  poor^  flly,  pitiful. 

Shargar,  expl.  a  tueakly  child. 

Shaws,  the  foliage  of  turnips  ^  or  fuch  like. 

Sheimach,  a  hind  of  pack  faddlf  ;  fame  with  Sunks. 

She!,  Schel,  Vol.  II.  p.  163,  flrumpet.  Teut.  fcheely 
ftraba  ;  fcheucke,  meretrix. 

Shiel,  Shieling,  a  hut  or  hovel ;  from  Sax.fcHdanftc- 
gere,  protegere.  Swed.  fkiul,  tegmen  ;  skoga-skiul, 
latibulum  in  filva. 

Shilpit,  of  a  fickly  white  colour,  pale,  bleached  by  ftck- 
neft.  [Swed.  skaell,  infipidus,  aquofus.] 

Shirt,  ivild  muflard.  Braffica  napus. 

Shotabout,y?r/j{>^^  of  various  colours. 

Shught,  Schught,  expl.  covered^  funk  ;  (\.feuchtd. 

Sib,  Sibb,  nearly  related  in  confanguinity ,  a-kin.  Sax. 
fiby  fybh,  pax,  adoptio,  confanguineus  ;  ftbbo,  cog- 
nati ;  fibbe-mathey  cognationis  flatus.  To  this  fami- 
ly  belongs,  perhaps,  a  remarkable  word,  viz.  the 
Gothic  fiponeis,  which  Ulphilas  ufes  conftantly  for 
difcipulus ;  moft  of  the  difciples  of  Jefus  Chrift  be- 
ing his  near  relations.  From  the  fame  root  may 
fpring  tlie  Engl,  god-fib,  goffip,  corapater,  comma- 
ter.  The  Anglo-Saxons,  however,  did  not  adopt 
this  idea  in  theli:  tranflation  of  the  Gofpels,  but  uf- 
ed  the  term  looming  cnilt.  Junius  refers  the  Goth. 
fponeis,  difcipulus,  to  the  Teut.  ftipen,  ftillatim  ve- 
luti  pcrmanando  ptoluere,  humeftare,  mollire,  ma- 
cerare.  The  Iflandic  word  for  difciple  is  laerefwein  ^ 
the  Swediih,  laer-jungar. 

Sic,  Sik,y«f^.  Sic- wife,  on  fuch  wife.  Sic  like,  fuch 
like. 

Side, 


SI.  Sk. 

Side,  hanging  /ow,  reaching  low.     Sax.  Jid,  Jide^  latus, 

amplus,  fpatiofus  ;  fide  &  wide^  late  &  fpatiofe. 
Sidlings,  declivity  ;  dimin.  of  Side  (of  a  hill,) 
Siege,  a  feat  ox  place  of  refidence.  ¥v,fiege. 
Signifer,  the  zodiack,  or  bearer  ofthefignt. 
Sigonale,  a  f mall  parcel  or  quantity. 
Sike,  Syke,  a  little  rill  or  rivulet.     Sax.  fichj  fulcus  a- 

quarius. 
SikkeT,fure,/ecure.    Sikk&rly^/ecurely.     Tcnt.fekeri 

Jjnt.  fecurus. 
Sikkin,  Sik  kind,y^<:^  hind  of. 
Silit,  at  a  diflance.     Silit  reft,  companions  at  a  dijlatice. 

Teut.  fchillenj  dillare. 
SWYiSy  logs  J  plank  ty  pieces  of  wood.     Tent,  fuyle.     Sax. 
fylf  pila,  columna,  poftis,  fulcimentum,  bafis  j  hence 

ground-fill  or  threjjjold  }  Scottice^  file. 
Sillyr,  Siller,  expl.  canopy  ;  may  be  from  Tent,  fchi/y- 

len.   Swed.  ^^ia,  occultare,  latitare.   ^cott.  to  fyle  i 

Sinaele,  expl.  a  gram,  afmall  quantity. 

Sing,  tofinge.  Szx.fiengan.  Tent,  fenghen,  iiflulare. 

Single,  Sindle,  the  fmall parcel  of  corn  picked  up  by  a 
gleaner  in  harvefi  ;  probably  from  Swed.  fyn^  necef- 
fitas  ;  &  del,  j>ars  ;  q.  poor  man's  share. 

^mgnXatyfelfiJhj  without  regard  for  others. 

8ipe,  Sype,  to  leak,  to  pafs  through  in  fmall  quantity. 
Tent. fiipen,  ftillare,  manare,  fluefe. 

Sithes,  Sythes,  corrup.  of  chives. 

Site,  Syte,  expl.  forrow^  grief,  afili&ion  ;  rather  per- 
haps horror  ;  a  Vrh.faeghe,  honor,  inetus; 

Skaddow,yZ'^^/ow. 

Skaft",  merriment^  diver/ion  ;  originally  ]peihzps  feafiinig. 
See  SkafFerie. 

Skafferie,  Skafrie,  pillagey  rapine,  acquifition  by  fraud  ; 
alfo  the  contents  of  a  larder  or  pantry.  Swed.  skafferi, 
cella  penuaria.  Dan.  skaffer,  curare,  procurart?. 
Swed.  skafl,  wild  fruit. 

Skail,  SkaJe,  tofcatter,  to  fpill ;  alfo  to  dfperfe,  tofepa- 
rate.  [Swed.  skitla,  skilia,  skala^  felHnanter  currere  j 
feparare,  in  tenues  lamines  diflilire.] 

'kaiplarit>, 


Sk.  Sk. 

Skaiplarie,  Skaplarie,  fcapulary,  a  fort  of  cloak  wot-a. 
bj  the  Monks.  Fr.  scapulaire^  fcapulare. 

Skaith,  Skathe,  injury^  damage^  hurt,  loss.  SaX. 
sceatke.  TeuL  schaedcy  schnde.  Swed.  siada,  dam- 
num, noxa. 

Skaitherie,  different  kinds  of  loss  or  damage. 

Skaithlefs.yrf^  of  damage^  injury^  or  loss. 

Skaithly,  Skathelie,  mischievous  person. 

Skaiverie.  See  Skafferie, />;7/i!7^^,  rapine. 

Skair,  BtkviVQy  Jhare  ;  from  Sax.  scyran^  partire. 

Skale,  Skail,  a  skimming  dijh,  or  'uejfel  of  that  form  arid 
ftze.     Originally,  perhaps,  ajhell  might  be  ufed  for 
Ikimming  milk.    Teut.  schale.     Sax.  sceale.     Swed. 
skala.  The  Gael,  scala  is  expl.  a  bowl  oi  bafon. 

Skant,  Scant,  scarccy  scarcity. 

bkar,  Sker,  timorous,  eafily  frightened ;  alfo  fubftan- 
tively  an  ohjeB  of  terror.  [Swed.  skall,  fonus.] 

Skar,  Sker,  to  affright  or  f right  j  originally  perhaps 
the  fame  with  Schoir ;  from  Swed.  skorra,  fonum 
llridulum  edere. 

Skar,  Sker.  See  Scar,  a  feep  hare  declivity'.  Swed. 
skar.  Sax.  carr,  rupes,  fcopolus. 

Skarlct, /)7/r/)/?  ,•  or,  it  would  feem,  any  bright  colour. 

Skart,  Scarth,  corvorant,  pelicnnus  carho. 

Skart.  See  Scart,  hermaphrodite. 

Skaup,  Scaup,  dry  bare  eminence. 

Skeibalt,  W7ra«  worthless  fellow.  Dan.  skahhals. 

Skeich,  Sky^h,  skittifh,  timorous^  apt  to  fiart  afide. 
rSwed.  siicelg,  obliquus,  tranfverfus.] 

Skeil,  a  washing  tub. 

Skeldrake,  Skaill  drake,  a  bird  of  the  duck  species. 

Skelf,  shelf. 

Skellat,  rattle  used  by  common  criers.  Swed^  shcella,  no- 
la,  tintinnabulum  ;  shall,  fonitus. 

Skcllochs,  the  various  kindf  of  wild  mufnrd. 

Skelly,  squint  looh.  Swed.  shcrlg,  obliquus,  tranfverfus. 
Alfo  ufed  as  a  verb,  to  look  a-wry. 

Skellyis,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  cxpl.  sharp  ox  ragged  rocks. 
Skelly  jpen,  or  SkeiUy  p«;n,  a  pencil  of  soft  ff ate. 

Skelp, 


Sk.  Sk. 

kelp,  a  hlow.     Skelping,  lashingf  beatings  switching  s 

alfo  walking  quickly. 
Skelr,  expl.  having  the  seams  unript. 
Skepp,  a  ki7id  ofhajhet^  fuch  as  is  ufed  for  a  bee-hive^ 

Teut.  fchepely  a  bufliel  or  corn  meafure.     Swed. 

skieppa,  menfura  aridorum  ;  vas,  quo  inter  ferendum 

utuntur  agricoliE.     [Gael.  Jcailp^  a  hollow   cave  ; 

fceip,  a  bee-hive.] 
Sker.  See  Skar,  with  various  fignifications. 
Skew,  the  Jlanting  extremity  of  a  roof  where  it  joins  the 

gavel. 
Skinkle,  tofparkle^  to  shine.    Swed.  skina,    Goth.  shei~ 

nan,  fulgere,  aflfulgere. 
Skippare,  Skipper,  majier  of  a  ship.     Teut.  f chipper , 

O.  Swed.  skipare. 
Skink,  rich  foupy  nourishing  liquor.  Dan.  skenche.  Sax. 

fcencan^  propinare ;  fcenc^  potus,  poculum. 
Skirl,  to  shriek,   to  cry  with   a  shrill  voice  ;  a  Swed. 

skria,  vociferari. 
Skill,  allit.  gr.  for  Kill,  chejly  box,  coffer. 
Skit,  Skyt,  expl.  tofy  out  hajiily.  Sa.^.  fcytan,  irruere. 
SklefF,  eIfb,JhalloWf  like  a  Ikimniing  difli,  or  Sieil. 
Sklender  iox  Jlender^  feeble,  f mall. 
Skly,  to  fide,  (as  upon  the  ice.)  See  ^\\di,fippery. 
Skodge,  a  female  drudge  about  the  kitchen. 
Skonn.  See  Scone,  a  thin  bantwck,  commonly  of  wheat 

or  rye. 
Skonfyfh,  Scoinfifli,  tofcken  by  offenfve  fmell. 
Skott.   See  Scot,  ajjeffment,  tax,  tribute.    Goth,  fkatt. 
Skowrie.     See    Scowrie,  dry   and  dirty ^  ragged  and 

hare. 
Skrabs,  Scrobs.  See  Scroggs,  oldfuntedbufjes. 
Skraik,ycrf<?f^  ;  to  fcreech,  in  the  manner  of  a  heron 

to  shriek.  Swed.  skrika,  freq.  of  skria,  vociferari. 
Skreid,  to  tear  or  rend  ;  alfoo  long  piece  torn  off.  Teut 

Jcbrcoden,  mutilare,  decurtare,  prxfecare  ;  fchroode 

fegmen. 
Skreigh,  Skreik,  or  Greik  of  day,  break  of  day  ;  per- 
haps corrup.  from  gray.     Swed.  gry,  lucefcere  •,  q 

%ray  day- light. 

Vol.  IV.  Dd  Skreive 


Sk ^  SI. 

Skreive,  to  glide  fwiftly  along.  Swed.yZr/Va,  leni  mofii 

provehi.  [Dan.  Jlraever,  to  ftride.] 
Skrinkyt,  Skrinkie,  as  ifjhrunk,  too  little,  contraBed. 
Skropp.  See  Scorp,  to  deride^  to  ufe  contemptuous  gef' 

tures. 
Skruntj,  quafi  shrinked.  See  Skrinkyt. 
Skrj.  See  Skreigh,  to  cry  with  a  harsh  voice. 
Skrjmmorie,  (Vol.  I.  p.  399.)  frightful,  filing  with 

terror.     Swed.  ftraemay   terrefacere.     Ifl.  skrymf^ 

fpeftrum.      Teut.  fchroom,   fchrooming^    horror ; 

fchroomfel,  terriculamentum. 
Skule  (of  fifli,  particularly  herringsj  a    shoal.     Sax. 

fceola,  multitudo. 
Skule,  a  difeafe  in  the  mouth  of  a  horfe.     Teut.  fchuylf 

morbus  quo  palatum  &  gingivse  equorum  prse  nimio 

fanguine  intumefcunt. 
Skull,  Skeil,  a  vej/tl,  a  tub,  pot  or  bowl ;  alfo  a  crate^ 

afjallow  basket.  Swed.  /kdel^  lanx,  patera. 
Skurriour,  idle  vagrant  fellow,  vagabond ;  alfo  the  fame 

with  Difcurriour,  fcout  or  light  horfeman  ;    from 

Lat.  difcurrere.    [Swed.y^wri,  nebulo.] 
Skurryvage,  vagabond  i  from  Lat.  vagor  Zcfcurra. 
Skyll,  reafon,  motive.  Dan.  skiel,  the  fame. 
Sla,  tojlay.     Slw,  Sleuch,  few.     Goth. fakan,  percu- 

terc. 
Sla,  S\2L€y  foe-tree.  ?)2f%..fa,  prMnum  filveftre. 
Slade,  expl.  by  Ruddiman  a  den  or  valley.    Sax.  fad, 

via  in  montium  convallibus.  See  Slak. 
Slaiger,  to  waddle  in  the  mud.  See  Slairg* 
Slaik,  Sleeky t,  feek,  fmooth  ;    alfo   cunning,  foothing. 

Texkt.  fey ckf  planus  &  aequus  ;  whence  Slate. 
Slaik,  Slake,  afippery  kind  of  fea-weed.    See  Slike^ 
Slairg,  Slerg,   to  he-daub  ;  from   Teut.  fiick,  csenum, 

lutum  ;  Jliikighy  caenofus,  lutofus. 
Slak,  Slake,  a  low  piece  of  ground  among  hills,  or  be^ 

itveen  the  top   and  bottom  of  a   hill ;    according   to 

Ruddiman,  "  a  gap  or  narrow  pnfs  between  two  hills^ 

a  valley  or  ghn.   Teut  faech,  laxus,  remiflus,"  q,  d. 

a  remifjion  in  the  a/cent. 
Slang,  didfing  ,•  alfo  expl.  a  kind  of  cannon. 
Slap,  breach/in  a  wall ;    properly  in  a  fake  and  rice 

fence  ; 


SI.  SI.   - 

fence  ;  from  'YQxA.Jlap,  vietus,  fluidus,  witheredy  de- 
cayed. 

Slate,  expl. /o  wz/tf ,'  alfo  (fpoken  of  hounds)  to  Jet 
loofe, 

Sleeth,  Sleuth,  expl.  Jloven.  [Sax.  Jleuth,  pigritla.] 
Perliaps  it  may  rather  have  fome  allufion  to  the 
Ttnt.  Jlock,  helluo,  vorax  ;  q.  glutton. 

^leevelefs  errand,  according  to  Skinner,  lifelefs  er- 
rand. 

Sleperye,  bleeperie,  Jleepy,  caufmg  Jleep.  lUtvX.  Jlaepe^ 
righ,  fomniculofus. 

Sleuth.hund,  Sli^ch-hund,  a  hlood-hound.  Teut.  ^o^T/^, 
canis  vorax  &  rapax  ;  in  its  primary  fenfe,  gula, 
gurges,  vorago,  helluo.  Sleuth-hund  has  alfo  been 
explainedybo?^  or  true  hound,  from  its  having  been 
,erroneoufly  written  by  an  Jlnglifh  author,  futhovnd. 
Both  the  dog  and  its  name  are  of  Gelder-land  ori- 
gin. 

Slew,  Slew  fyre,  (Bp.  Doijglas,)  Jlruck  fire.  Sax. 
jlean^  percutere,  collidere. 

Slid,  Sliddry,  Jlippery.  Tent. ^icht,  planus,  aequus  ; 
Jlidderen,  prolabi  ;  Jledde,  ti  aha,  trahea. 

Slike,  Slyke,y7/wf,  mud.  Tent.  Jliici,  caenum,  luteum  ; 
whence  Slaiger,  to  fuaddle  or  trail  in  mud. 

Slim,  fiight,  not  to  be  depended  upon. 

bhp,  a  certain  quantity  of  yarn,  as  it  comes  from  the 
reel. 

Slockn,  Slokin,  to  quench  or  extinguijh.  Texxt.Jlacienf 
diflblvere. 

Slogg,  Slagg,  Jlough,  quagmire.  Sloggy,  marjhy,jlimy. 
[Sax. 7^0^,  concavum;  lub,  lacus.]  Slaggis  or  Slaggs, 
alfo  expl.  gujis  of  wind ;  perhaps  erroneoufly  for 
Flaggs,  q.  V. 

Slonk,  ^InnkiJIoughf  quagmire  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  ftnk 
in  mud.  iLayxX.Jleyncke,  lacmia,  fovea. 

Sjop.  See  Slap,  a  breach  in  a  ivaU  or  hedge  ;  alCo  as  a 
verb,  to  hack  or  hew  down. 

Siorp,  to  fup  greedily.  Teiit.JIorpen,  forbeo.  Slorping 
is  alfo  ufed  for  taudry.  Slorping  huflie,  a  girl  who 
i^f"ggij^h  drejfed. 

Slot, 


SI.  Sm. 

Slot,  the  bolt  of  a  door.    Tent.  Jluyt,  peflulus  ;  JIuyte/i, 

to  Ihut. 
Slotter,  to  pnfs  the  time  JluggijlAy ^  to  loiter ^  to  slumher." 

Teut.    sloderen,   flacceffere ;    whence    Slattern    and 

Slut. 
Sloung,  Slung,  a  sling. 

Slouan,  Sluan,  abbrev.  of  Sleugh-hund,  hlood-hcund. 
Slug-horne,  properly   (it  may  be  fuppofed)  the  fame 

with  Oat-horn,  Jignal  or  fummoning   horriy    q.    v. 

Kuddiman  explains   it    "  a   watch   word,   token,  or 
Jign^"*  by  which  the  Scottilh   Chiefs  aflembled  and 

diftinguifiied  their  followers  ;  and  fometiines  ufed 

figuratively  for  a  peculiar  property  or   quality  that 

feems  inherent  in  thofe  of  one  family  or  race.    Pro- 
bably from  Sax.  slegCy  clades  ;  slethe^  pugna ;  c^.  d. 

coruu  bellicum. 
Slufli,  a  dirty  plaJJjf  fuch  as  melted  fnow.   Tent.  Jliich 
Slype,  a  kind  of/mall  sled  or  sledge. 
Smaddit,  Maddit,  he-dauhed^  fmutted.   See  Smott. 
Smaik,  Smait,  Smatchet,  Jtlly  pitiful  fellow.     Teut. 

fmeeckery  adulator,  affentator,  blandiloquus. 
Smaill,  expl.  beautiful^   clear  complexioned.    [Fr.  email, 

florum  cepia,  varius  color.] 
Smattis,   probably  the   fame   with   Swatts,   new  ale. 

Teut.  fmets,  naufeam  provocans  nimia  dulcedine. 
Smay.  See  Smaik,  contemptible  person. 
Smeir,  to  anoint^  to  besmear.  Teut.  smeeren.  Sax.  sme- 

ran,  ungere. 
Smergh,  Smeargh,  marrow,  pith,  sense,  vigour  of  body 

or  mind  ;  from  Teut.  mergbe,  (with  the  afpirate  j-), 

medulla  ;  whence  Marie. 
Sfficrghlefs,  Smearlefs,  injipid,  feeble,  pithless,  awkward, 

defcicnt  in  bodily  or  mental  powers. 
Smeth,  smooth.  Sax.  smeth^  xquus,  planus. 
Smewy,  expl.  savory.    Tent,  fmaeckelick,  grati  faporis. 
Smiddy,  Smethy,  a  smith's  workfjop  ;  from  Teut.  smid, 

snied,  faber  ferrareus. 
Smikker,  to  smile  in  a  seducing  fnanner.    Teut.  smeech- 

elen,  blandiri,  blanditias  dicere. 
Smitt,  to  infeB.    Teut.  smcttan,  commaculare  ;  smettc^ 

macula  ;  a  fabris  ferrariis  tranflatum. 

Smittle, 


Sm.  'I  '•    Sn. 

Smittle,  infeSious.  Teut.  smettelicky  contagiofus. 
Smore,  Smoor,  Smure,   to  smothery  to  over-load^  fo  as 
to  fmother  or  deitioy.  Teut.  smooren,  i'uiFocare,  ex- 
tinguere  ;  smore,  fumus. 
Smott,  smut,  Jlain,  mark.    Teut.  smette,  macula  \  alfo 

as  a  verb,  to  mark  with  paint,  tar,  or  fuch  like. 
Smout,y^/r,  clear,  soft f  mild.  Sax.  smolt,  ferenus,  pia- 

cidus,  tranquillus. 
Smowts,  Smelts,   Smeults,  according  to  Skene,  young 

salmon. 
Smugly,   amorous,  sly,  being  at  the  fame    time  well 

drejjed.  Teut.  smeeckelick,  blandus,  blandc. 
Smure.  See  Smore,  to  smother.  Teut. 
Smy,  paltry  fellow  ;    from    Dan.  smyer,  to  faivn,  or 
flutter.  See  Smaik,  of  which  this  feems  to  be  an  ab- 
breviation. 
Snack,  acute,  accurate,  Jharp  in  huf.nefs  or  coniierfalion-, 
with  fome  affinity   to  /natch,    the    origin  of  which 
feems  to  be  unkno^vn.  Snack  is  alfo  ufed  as  a  verb, 
to f nap  or  bite  fuddenly,  as  a  dog.     {[Teut.  fnauxv^ 
fcomma,  didum  amarum,   fermo  amarus,  latratus, 
malediftum  ;  (\.  fnauwick.^ 
Snzw,fnoiu.  Sz\.  fnaiv.  Goth,  fnaiws.  Lat.  nix. 
Snawdon.  See  Sneddon,  Stirling  caflle. 
Sneck,  Snekk,  loch,  or  rather  yb/«^  rude  faflening  of  ci 

door. 
Sned,  to  prune,  to  cut  of!',  (as  the  branches  of  a  tree), 
to  drefs  by  lopping  off  ufehfs  excrefcencies  ;  originally, 
it  would  feem,  to  hew  ov poVJh;  from  Teut.  fniiden, 
fculpere,  ca:Lire,  fcindere. 
Snedd,  'i^n&x.\\c,JJjaft,  handle,  as  of  a  fcythe. 
Sneddon,  Sneddon. caftle,  Snowdon,  an  old  name  of  5"///- 
ling  cnflle  ;  and  fo  called  by  the  people  in  its  neigh- 
bourhood at  tliis  day,  as  Edinburgh  is  called  Old 
Reikie.  William  of  Worcefter,  an  antient  Englifli 
author,  (about  1440),  mentions  Striveling,  alias 
Snowdon-'ivcjl-cajlle ;  and  in  later  times  Sir  David 
Lindfr^y  gives  it  the  fame  appellation  (See  Vol.  If. 
p.  95.)  The  name  of  Sneddon,  or  Sneddoun,  was 
probably  aflumed  from  the  appearance  of  the  rock 
ppon  which  the  callle  is  f  tviated,  viz..  a  fneddcn  or 

fnod.len 


6n.  —I    .        Sn. 

fnodden  rock  See  Sued,  to  he%v  down  or  lopp  of.  Saif. 
fnidan,  fecare,  refccare,  dolare.  Odnd.Jhide,  abfcin-. 
dere,  which  correfponds  exactly  with  the  appear- 
ance of  the  precipice.  In  the  Saxon  Chronicle  un- 
der the  years  922  and  924,  the  city  of  Nottingham 
is  called  Snotingham  ;  originally  perhaps  Snoding- 
ham,  which,  according  to  the  defcription  of  the  place, 
feems  to  be  derived  irom  the  fame  kind  of  origin. 
This  leads  to  a  new  etymology  of  Edinburgh.  If 
Stirling  was  Snoden,  or  Snedin-west-castie ,  we  may 
fafely  prefume  that  thfj-e  was  alfo  an  Eaji  Snedin- 
caftle ;  i.  e.  a  caftle  of  iimilav  appearance,  to  the 
Eaftward  of  Stirling:  And,  iince  Nottingham  was 
formerly  Snoilngham,  it  is  not  impoffible  that  E- 
dinburgh,  iji  early  times  ,   was   Snedinberg.     After 

,  iimdergoing, like  Snotingham,  the  elifion  of  5,  it  might 
i'or  fome  time  be  Nedinbergh  ;  and  at  this  period  the 
Gaelic  name  Dun-Aidan  may  have  been  formed.  In 
the  courfe  of  time,  Nedenburg,  (Galilee^  Dun-Aidan 
or  Dun-Neden),  may  have  given  way  to  Edinburgh, 
the  initial  N  being  omitted  as  in  the  word  udder  or 
ferpcnt.   Sax.  nedder.  Eirs  from  nlercn,  renes. 

Siicg,  Snagg,  fame  with  Sncd,  to  cut  or  break  down. 

Sneiih,  ("Bp.  Dougl.)  feems  to  vaciitifnow  vjhite  ;  per- 
liaps  from  Tent,  ftieeachtigh,  niveus.  Ruddiman 
mentions  the  Mih.Jheidh,  ftraight. 

SneWiJharp,  piercings  bitter.   [Teut.Jhel,  celer,  acer.] 

Snifter,  to  draw  or  ftiuff  up  frequently  the  watery  bu" 
rnonr  of  the  nofe  ;  fubftantively,  any  thing  which  af- 
feEis  the  ftnfe  of  fmelling  with  ftidden  violence. 

Snod,  triwf  neat,  tight,  handfome,  every  thing  fuperfla- 
ous  being  lopped  off  5   from  Sned,  abfcindere. 

Snoid,  Snude,  ^^"ii'i?/,  ribband  for  binding  up  the  hair. 
S^^./nod,  vilta. 

Snoif,  To  fnoif  the  fpindle,  to  whirl  or  turn  it  round  in 
fpinning. 

jSnoik,  Snoke,  Snowk,  to  fmell,  to  f cent,  as  a  dog  when 
the  game  is  before  him.  'Y^vX.fnutten,  to  fnuff. 

Suurle,  to  con)raB,  in  the  manner  of  hard  twilled 
yarn  j  from  Tevit.  kncrrc,  tuberculum  ;  q.  knurle. 

Snuve, 


Sn.    ■■  !)'■■ ' .  So. 

Sniive,  to  go  about  idly^   like  a  hungry  dog  fearchlng 

for  fomcthing  to  eat. 

Snyb,  Snib,  to  fnip  or  cut  ojfy  to  check,    I  ^'aS\.  fnih  you 

from  that,  i.  e.  cut  off  the  means  hy  which  you  might 

he  able y  8cc.  from  Texy.t.fnippen,  praecidere,  prjefecare- 

Snyppand,  hipping.     Teut.  Jnippen   van  koudc,   to  nip 

with  cold.  Angl.Jheap. 
Hnyihf  fnuff.  Snyihtn  box,  fnuff  box. 
Sock,  Sok,  according  to  Skene,  the  poxver,  authority^ 
cr  liberty  with  which  a  Baron  was  endowed  to  admi" 
nijler  juflice  and  execute  laws  within  his  own  barony  ; 
curia  domini,  lignifying  the  ward  or  juridical  terri- 
tory as  well  as  the  privilege.  In  old  charters  from 
the  Crown,  it  was  commonly  coupled  with  Sac  ; 
which^  if  not  the  fame  with  Sock,  probably  meant 
the  power  of  levying  fines  within  the  Barony  ;  from 
Swed.y«yf,  muldla  quae  reatum  fequitur.  The  ori- 
ginal meaning  of  the  word  Sock  is  lefs  underftood. 
Brafton  defines  it  "  locus  privilegiatus  ;  libertas, 
immunitas  ;  afylum,  fanftuarium,  refugium."  See- 
comannus  opponitur  militi,  qui  tenet  per  fervitium 
militate ;  whence  it  has  been  fnppcfed  that  the 
tetm  Soc  or  Soccage  had  fome  reference  to  the  Jock 
ov  plough y  and  was  properly  applicable  **  qulien  the 
tennent  was  bound  and  obliflied  to  cum  with  hi^ 
pleuch  to  teil  and  labour  ane  part  of  the  Lordis 
landis." 

Soddin,  boiledyfod;  preterite  of  Secth. 

Soddis,  Sods,  a  kind  of  pack  f addle.  \^Xq,\xX..  faecht.,  mol- 
lis.] 

Sodroun,  Sudmun,  Siitheron,  Englijhmnn  ;  ufed.by 
BilTiop  Douglas  for  Englif}  (language.) 

Sodrun-wood.  See  Reinye,  Apil-reinye,  ahrotanum. 

Soith,  truBy  truths  truly.  Sax.  sothy  verus,  vera. 

Solace,  recreation,  diverfon^  sport.  Lat. 

Solan-gufe,  the  fea  bird  called  a  gnjtnet ;  from  Swed. 
solaude,  lingering,  loitering,  fottiili ;  part  of  the  verb 
soeliiy  procrailinare,  pras  defidia  moras  neftere.  It 
may  be  thought  ridiculous  even  to  mention  the  vuU 
gar  idea  of  the  bird  hatching  its  egg  by  placing 
one  foot  or  sole  upon  it. 

Sold, 


So.  ■!  So. 

Sold,  Sotvd,  expl.  a  weight  or  ingot ,  \.  c.  a  great  fuf?i  ; 

from  Teut.  foldy  foud,    ftipendium,   premium  niili- 

tare ;  whence yb/^;<'r. 
Soldan,  Sowdan,  the  Sultan.     The  foldan  of  Surry,  the 

full  an  of  Syria. 
Solempne,  Solempnjt,   Jolemuy   pompous ^   fnagnificenti 

Sgliift,  tofolicit,  to  advife,  to  perfuade.  Lat. 

Solp,  Sowp,  to  focky  to  drench.    Solpit  in  forrow,  over- 

come  with  for  row.  T!G.ut.foppen,  jntingere. 
Solje,  tofolve;  alfo  abbrev.  of  AJfoilye^  q.  v.  Solyeing, 

folving,  folutton^  nhfolving. 
Son,  fun.  1  eu.t.  f on,  fonne,  T'it3.nf  Phaebus. 
Sonk,  a  green  turf  a  feat  made  of  green  turf.      [S^X. 

for.g^  (tratum,  quod  difcumbentibus  fubilernatur.] 
Sons,  lucky  thriving,  p;  ofptrity,  wealth  ;    according  to 
Lord  Hailes,  hojpkality.      Teut.  fanfe^  augmentum, 
piofperitas. 
Sonlie,  thriving,  plumps  in  good  condition. 
Sonye,  to  effoin  or  effonyey  to  excufe. 
Sope,  Sowp,   (Bp.  Dougl.)  expl.  a  cloud   or    hcapy  a 

troop  y  company  or  croud  of  any  thing. 
Sope,    Sowp,    to  he  overcome  as  with  feep  \  fiom  Lat. 
fopor  Scfopitus  ;  alio  to  he  drenched.  Sowpyt,  drench- 
ed. See  Solp,  tofoih  ;  and  Sipe,  to  ou%e  out,  as  irom 
a  cafk  of  liquor.  [Sax.75"^««,  macerare.] 
Sord,  to  defile.  Sorded,  defiled.  Li^l.fordidus. 
Sore,  Soar,  a  forrel,  light  red,  or  red  mixed  with  tvhite* 

Vr.fautey  fub-rufus. 
Scrkand,  Chorkand,  making  a  noife  like  that  of  the  feet 

in  nvctfijoes  andfockingst 
Horn,  to  fojourny  to  make  a  tedious  vifit ;   according  to 
Skene,  to  obtain  hoard  and  lodging  hy  force.     Fr.  fc' 
jcurnery  commoraii. 
Sornar,  one  who  obtains  or  retains  his  board  and  lodging 
without  the   ceremony   of  invitation  ;    a  fiurdy  beg- 
gar. 
Sorp,  the  fame  with  Sopc,  So^,  to  be  drenched. 
Sort,  a  company  ;  quafi,  qffortmeiit. 

Sofs,  noife  made  by  the  fall  of fo7?iething  heavy  and  foft  ; 
ex  fono. 

Soffing, 


So. So. 

^oCfingy  cramming.  Sofs;  alarge  dijhofjiummery.  Fr. 

Soflbrye,  ufed  by  Bp.  Dougl.  for  forcery. 

Sotter,  to  JimmeTy  to  boil  Jloivly^  hut  longer  than  e- 
nougj:. 

Soiich,  Sugh/  noife  or  founds  as  of  mufic  at  a  didance  ; 
alfo  ufed  as  a  verb,  with  a  correfponding  fenfe. 

Soudland,  Sowdin-land,  Sultan  landy  Turkey.  Fr. 

Souf,  to  whijlk  in  a  low  tone  ;  ex  fono. 

Soulis,  Soles,  corrupt,  oijwivefs. 

Soum,  Sum,  (of  fheep,  with  a  reference  toi  their  paf- 
ture),  commonly  ten.  The  law  term  '*  fouming  and 
rooming,"  in  the  divifion  of  commons,  has  probably 
a  connexion  with  this  ;  qua^,  to  allot  ground  in 
proportion  to  the  number  oi  Joums  ufually  kept  on 
the  common.  A  cow  was  reckoned  a  foum,  and  i. 
horfe  two. 

Sounye,  care^  folicitude.  Yr.foin. 

Soup,  to /iveep.  Soupings, /weepings. 

Souple,  Sweeple,  ajlail;  or,  more  properly,  that  part 
of  ajlail  which  Jirikies  the  corn,  in  contra-diftinftion 
to  the  hand-ftafF.  , 

Sourakkis,  Souraks, yorrt/.  Tetit.y//j'r/z»jf,  acetofa. 

Souid,  expl.  to  raife.  Lat.  furgere. 

?>outev,  Jhoemaher.  Lat. 

Sow,  expl.  to  pierce.     In  Winton  it  probably  means 
Jleep  ;  <*  fow  fare,"  Jlecp  for  ever,  ^wt^./ofwoj  dor- 
raire. 

Sow,  n  long  hay  JJack  ;  alfo  a  military  machine  ufed 
formerly  in  fieges  ;  fo  called  probably  from  its 
(hape. 

^oviCQy  flummery  ;  fuch  as  trofe,  fouens,  or  oat-meal 
pottage. 

Soxvens,  flummery^  made  of  the  duft  of  oat  meal  re- 
maining among  the  feeds  ;  from  Teut.  fchouwen^ 
fchouden^  to  fcald,  c^.Jhoudens  or  fcaldings. 

Sowl-bell,  the  tolling  of  a  hell,   ahout  the  time  of  a  per- 
fon^s  deceafe^  to  warn  the  people  to  pray  for  the  paf- 
ftng  foul.      Hence    it   was   alfo    called   the  pafltng 
bell. 
Vol.  IV.  E  e  Sowm, 


So.     .  Sp. 

Dowm,  chain  hy  whtch   the  plough  is  drawn.     [SweJ, 

Jom,  commilTiira.] 
Sowtheran.  See  Sodoroun,  Englijhman. 
Soj,  ufed  for  Szy,fc'a  ;  and  for  Scy,  to  fee. 
Spacier,  to  lualk.     Texxt.  Jpacieren,  ambulare  ;  whence 

Engl.  Pace. 
Spae,  Spay,  to  foretell  or  divine.    Spaying,  Spa'ing,  di-. 

vitiation^  augury.     Ifl.  fp^e.     Dan.  fpncer,  vaticinari. 

Tent,  fpceheny  indagare,  videre.    Scapd.  8c  Ozlt.fpuy 

oculus  ;  whence  Engl.^^. 
Spae-man,  Spa- man,  ybr/«nf  teller,  Tian.  fpaaman.  Ifl. 

fpaamadur^  propheta. 
Spail,  ^^■aXcy  a  fmall  chip  or  Jhaving  of  wood.     Swed. 

fpcely  fegmen.  See  Spald. 
Spair,  a  slit.  [Ttut.  fperren,  to  ftretch  open  ;  fperring 

des  mondtSy  a  gaping  of  the  mouth.] 
Spait,    Spate,   a    torrent    of   rain,   floods    inundation. 

[T^nt.Jpuyt,  fpoelte.     Sax.  fpeyte^  fipho,  fiphon  ;  q. 

d.  a  ivater-fpout.'] 
Spald,  Spaul,  thefhoulder.  Spiel  or  Spule  hznc yfhoulder 

or  blade-hone.     Fr.  efpaule.     **  Reading  the  fpeal  or 

fpule-hancy^  antiently  a  common  mode  of  divination. 

Span-new,  quite  new  ;    literally,,  according  to  Mr   H. 

Tooke,  fhining  new  ;  from  Teut.  fpange,  fpangle. 

*'  Spick  and  fpan  new"  rather  means  new, point  and 

head  ;  from  Jpiike,  point,  and  fpanghe^   the  poliihed 

head  of  a  nail. 
Span,  to  expand,  to  fl retch  out.  'Yexxt.fpatwen,  tendere, 
Spane,  Spean,  to  wean.     Teut.  fpenen,  fubducere  lac, 

abla^tare  ;  fpene,  fpinne,  lac  muliebre.     Qoih.fpini, 

mamma,  papilla. 
Spang,  a  leap,  a  jump  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  jump  or  leap 

with  ela/iic  force.  See  Span,  tojlretch  out. 
Spank,  tofpnrkle  or  JJjine.     Teut.  fpange,  lamina.     In 

fome  inftances    the    derivation   feems    rather  from 
fponnen,  tendere,  extendere  ;  as  "fpanking  horfe." 
Spaynhc,  Spauifh.  Spanyeaitis,  Spanyalis,  Spaniards. 
Spanyfis,  feems  expanded fowers.     Fr.  efpanouijfement, 

the  full  blowing  of  a  flower. 
Spar,  to  bar,  to  faflen  with  bolts  or  bars. 

Sparpell, 


Sp.  Sp. 

Sparpell,  tofcatfer,  to  difperfe.  Fr.  efparpillcr. 

Speal,   Spei],  to  climb  up.     [Sax.  Jpild,  prjccipitmm, 

praecipitantia,  temeritas  ;  periculi  plenus."] 
Speanlie,  expl.  wife.    Teut.Jpabe,  fapientia.  See  Spae, 

to  foretell. 
Specht,  nvood pecker  ox  green-peah.     Tent.  Jpecbt,  picus 

martius. 
Speen,  expl.  driving  ftiow,  drift;    (perhaps  from   the 

found,  as  of  a  large  fpinning  wheel.) 
Speidfull,  proper^  expedient,  necejfary  to  injure  fpeed  or 

fuccefs. 
Speir,  Spere,  tonjkyto  make  inquiry.  \^.fpir,  interrogo; 

fpurde,  interrogavi.  %-wed.  fpceria,  quserere,  invefti- 

gare.  Spere  is  alfo  explained  a  fmall  hole  in  the  wall 

of  a  houfe  for  the  purpofe  of  receiving  and  anfwering 

enquiries  from  Jirangers.  See  Spair,  a  chink. 
Spelder,  tojlretch  wide  open.    ^Teut.Jpliiten,  hiulcum 

facere.3 
Speldings,  Speldimgs,  fmall f/h  (as  liaddocks)  fir  etch' 

ed  open  and  dried  in  the  fun. 
Spelk,  to  re-join  by  means  of  bandages.     Szx.Jpelcean. 

Teut.  Jpalcken,  accomtnodare  ferulas  membris  frac- 

tis  ;  fpalke^  ferula. 
^p^^  narrative  i  zMo  play,  fport.     Sax.^^/,  hiftoria, 

rumor.  Teut.  fpell,  ludus,  lufus,  ludicrum. 
Spens,  Spence,   the  pantry  or  apartment   where  provi- 

fions  are  kept.  Fr.  defpenjv,  cella  penaria. 
Spenfer,  Spenfare,  butler,  keeper  of  the  fpenfe,  q.  v. 
Spere,  ioxfphere.  Lat.  ^zxh.fpera. 
Spill,  Spyll, /o  csrr//^/.  Spylt,  corrupted.  Tewt.fpillen, 

vitiari,  confumere. 
Spirling,  a  fmall  fifh  called  in  England  a  Jpratt. 
Spittal,    abbrev.    of  hofpital ;    alfo   written    Spittal- 

houfe. 
Splent,  armour  for  the  legs,  made  perhaps  of  fplents  or 

fplinters  of  wood. 
Spleuchan,  a  tobacco  pouch.  Gael. 
Splore,  expl.  a  noify  frolic ^  a  rout  or  riot. 
Spourtlit,  Spurtled,  Sprutillit,^o«f-i,  fpeckled,  freck- 
led. 


Sp.  —  Sp. 

ted.  Tent,  fproetelf  lentigo,  macula  fubrufFa  aut  pul- 
la,  a  freckle. 

Spraich,  Sprach,  Spreich,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  expl.  howling, 
fcreamingy  lamentable  crying. 

Spraings,  Sprayingis,  Sprangs,  expl.  long  Jlrypes  or 
ftreaks  of  different  colours  ;  rather  perhaps  the  va- 
riegated compartments  of  tartan  ;  as  would  appear 
Irom  the  phrafe  "  fprangit  faik,"  commonly  un- 
derftood  to  mean  tartan  plaid.  See  Spray,  yj) ;-/{;/. 

Spray, ^njrj-,  bufj^es,  fmall  branches,  iizx.  Jpra-Cf  vir- 
gultum,  farmentum,  virga,  ramulus.  From  this 
word  Riiddiman  deduces  Spraings  ;  as  the  Lat.  vir- 
gata  fagula,  (tartan  plaids),  from  virga. 

Spraygherie,   Spraughery,   trafh^  goods    or   articles  of 
fmall  value  ;  with  an  allufion  to  the  manner  in  which 
they  have  been  procured|  viz.  by  Spreith  or  pillage. 
Conf.  Spray  f  fmall  branches. 

Spreich,  Spreith,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  expl.  prey,  booty, plun- 
der y  pillage  ;  probably  the  lame,  as  Ruddiman  thinks,, 
with  Engl.  ^rf-y.  ¥r.  proye.  Armor,  preidh.  Lat. 
prada.  [Gael,  fpreidby  cattle.]  Hence  perhaps 
Spraucherie. 

Sprck\edf  fpeckledyfpotted.  See  Sproutilllt. 

Sprent,^r/«^.  Back  fprent,  ^arf/f  j^rm^ ;  alfo  ufed  as 
the  preterite  of  the  verb  tofpring  ;  and  fubftantive- 
ly  for  a  leapyjump,  or  throw. 

Sprent,  Jprinkled ;  from  ItwX..  fprengen^  fpargere. 

Sprett,  Spretts,  a  kind  of  coarse  grast  or  rufhes, 

Spreul,  to  sprawl,  to  scramble. 

Spring,  a  quick  tune  on  a  mufical  inftrument. 

Springald,  huge  cross-low  for  floooting  javelins  or  large 
arrows.  Teut.  springael,  springhel,  catapulta,  balifla, 
machinae  bellicje  genus.  Fr.  espringallc. 

Springald,  a  youth  or  flripling  ;  q.  springing. 

Sproty  sproot,  small  branchy  twig.  Teixt.  sproete,  vir- 
ga- 

Sprulh,  neat,  clean,  well  dreffcd,  **  spruce.^* 

Spulye,  spoil,  rapine  ;  alfo  to  plunder.  Fr. 
Spunk,  watch  J  (fulphuratum.)    Swed.  spinga,  fegmcB- 

tum 


Sp.  .  ■     St. 

turn  ligni  tenuius.    Spunk  of  fire,  a  very  stnalljire  \ 

corr.  from  spark, 
Spunkie,  Will  o^  the  wisp,  a  kind  of  meteor.' 
Spurtil,  dfpattle  wherewith  things  that  boil  are  Jlirred. 

Teut.  fpatel^    rudicula,    fpathula ;   expl.    by   Lord 

Hailes,  ajlat  iron  for  turning  cakes. 
Spjce,  self-conceit f  degree^  small  quantity  ;   alfo  pungent 

aromatic  seed. 
?f^y\e,Jlakeypalisadoe;  vav.  ol pile. 
Spynifl  (rofe),  prickly.  Fr.  spineux. 
Spjnnand  for  Spannand,y?rf/<r/&/«^.    See  Span.    Expl. 

bj  Ruddiman,  running^  gliding ;  bj  a  metaphor  ta- 
ken from   spinning.     Bp   Douglas  has  alfo  Spjnne- 

rand  nearly  in  the  fame  fcnfe. 
Squad,  a  crew  or  party  ,•  from  squadron, 
^qmre fjiraighty  even,  perpendicular. 
Squatter,  tojluiter  in  water^  as  a  duck.  Swed.  sqwatra, 

conferiim  dejicere. 
Squifli,  to  eat  in  the  manner  of  a  person  who  has  no  teeth  f 

(to  squeeze.) 
Squyare,  squire,  gentleman  not  knighted,  armour  hearer. 

Fr.  escuyer. 
Stabill,^«//o«.  Lat.  Jiahulum  \  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  efla- 

blifh,  to  settle. 
Stad,  Stead,  a  place,  afituation,  a  set  of  houses  belonging 

to  a  farm,  an  on-fiead.     Fute  ftedis^  foot-steps,  tra£i 

or  print  of  the  feet.  Sec  iitcad,  far  m-ho7ife. 
Staffage,  Staffifch,  obstinate,  obdurate,  dry  in  the  mouth, 

or  not  cafly  swallowed,  like  peafe  meal  bannocks  ; 

from  Teut.  j/;V^  rigidps,  duvus  ;  stief-hals,  obftina- 

tus.     Ruddiman  derives  it  from  Ital.  stnffegiare,  to 

lofe  the  flirrup,  or  be  difmounted. 
Stage,  a  degree  or  step.  Stagis,  stairs.  Ff,  estage. 
Staigh,   Steigh,    to  gorge,    to   eat  plentifully,  to  feast. 
Teut.  stouwen,  stauen,   acervaie,  accumulare,  com. 
pefcere  ;  vel  sechen,  conviviare,  compotare  ;    stcvg- 

hen,  ft  agnate. 
Staik,  to  walk  ;  properly,  to  walk  Softly  nvtth  long  steps. 
Sax.  staelcan,  pedctentim  ire,.grallari. 

Stakf, 


St.  St. 

Stalce,  to  place,  fetthy  or  fix  ;   to  fcii'isfy  ;  corr.  from 
Teut.  Jlaedettj  ftabilire  ;    in  ftatu  collocare  ;    q.  to 
Jlead, 
Stal,  Sta!it,  Staw,  ftole,  didjleal. 

Stale,  StBil,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  expl.  a  divi/ton  of  ati  army, 
a  battalion  ;  or  rather  tbe  place  where  it   is  drawn 
up  ;  a  place  where  men  may  ly  in  amhujh.     See  Stell, 
a  place  ofJJjelier. 
Stall,  Stell,  to  place  or  fet  in  order.  See  Stell. 
Stalwart,7?ro;/^  y  alfo  valiant,  courageous  ;  as  Wicht  is 
applied  nc5t  only  to  animate  beings,   but  to  caftles, 
walls,  &c.  Hickes  explains  it  magnanimous,  heart  of 
feel ;  from  Sax.  fel-fcrhth,  chalybei  animi  liomo, 
live  fortis. 
Stam,  the  fern  or  heak  of  afhip.     Steile  ftammyt,  haV" 

ing  their  ferns  armed  with  feel. 
Stanche,  to  abate,  quench,  afwage,  pacify.  Fr.  ef  anchor. 

^v^.fanch  is  more  reftri(fled  in  meaning. 
Stand,  a  fituation,  a  place  af timed  or  allotted  for  fand- 
ing  in,    as  a  (land  in  a  maiket ;  alfo   what  is  placed 
infuch  aftuation,  as  cattle,  goods,  &c. 
Stand,  a  barrel  (upon  end)  for  holding  water,  or  prOf 

"oifions.  G2iii\.  fannadh,  a  tub. 
Stang,  a  long  pole  or  piece  of  woodVikc  the  Ihaft  of  a 
carriage.  i\[.faung.  Dan  fang,  hafta.  'Teut.fange^ 
ramus.    "  To  ride  the  Itang"    is  a  kind  of  punilh- 
ment  which   has  been  frequently  defcribed.     The 
fame  word  alfo  fignifies^iff^,  and  to  f  ing. 
Stank,  a  deep  ditch  with  fanding  water  ;  a  pond  or  pool. 
Arm.  fane.     Gael.  Jicwg.     Fr.  efang.     Lat.  fag- 
num. 
Staneries,  Stanryis,  (Vol.  I.  p.  434.)  probably  fmall 
pools,   fuch  as   thofe  which  remain  on  the  fea  fhore 
at  low  water  ;  and  which  are  called  in  O.  Engl.^^^- 
7iei  ;  from  Teut.  feyghen,  ftagnare.     Ij^t.fagnum  ; 
q.  fngneries.     Ruddiman  explains  it,   the  gravel  or 
fmall  fones  thrown  out  on  the  banks  of  rivers,  or  on 
the  fea  fhore  ;  c[\x?^£\,fandirSf  or  thofe  which  remain 
beyond  the  flowing  of  the  tide,  or  current  of  the 
ftream. 

Stanners, 


St.  St- 

Stanners,  (Complaint  of  Scotland,  expl.  by  the  editor) 
the  rough  projeBing  stones  on  the  Jhore  of  f.e  fea,  on 
the  banks  of  rivers,  and  on  the  braes  oj" burns.  This 
tvord  appears,  from  the  text  and  from  the  or- 
thography, to  be  eflentially  different  from  the  pre- 
ceding, both  in  fenfe  and  derivation. 

Stap,  stave.  To  take  a  flap  out  of  your  blkker,  to  re- 
duce thejize  of  your  dijh.  [Teut.  stap,  baculus.] 

Stant,  (Bp.  Dougl.^  for  Stent,  tajk,  bound,  limit  j  alfo 
iov  Jituated,  placed,  fxed  ;  from  Stand. 

Stare,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  probably  for  Sture,  strong,  rough, 
hoarfe  ;  q.  v. 

Startle,  Stertle,  tofcamper  about,  as  cattle  flung  by  the 
gad-fly. 

Staw,  to  furfeit,  to  produce  a  loathing.  See  Staigli,  to 
gorge,  to  f  II plentifully.  Staw  is  alio  uied  for  stoky  Sc 
stall. 

Staving,  walking  inconjtderately.  Stavering,  staggering. 
[Teut.  daveren,  contremere.    See  Daver,  to  stun.'] 

Staumrel,  half-witted,  one  who  is  incopabld  of  exprejjing 
his  meaning. 

Stay,  steep,  rif?ig  precipitoujly.  Teut.  steygh,  acclivus, 
leviter  afcendens. 

Stead,  Stede,  Steading,  farm  houfe  with  dependencies. 
Dan.  stcd.  Id.  jtadur.  Goth,  s tat,  urhs.  iia\.  sted.i, 
locus.  Ifl.  stada,  llatio. 

Steadlefs,  Stedeles,  without  a  fixed fituation,  wJthotit  be' 
ing  confined  to  a  place.  See  Stead  &.  Stad. 

Sted,  stead,  horfe.  Sax.  &  Ifl.  stada,  equus. 

Steif,  ?)X.Q\Q.  firm,  firmly  fxed.  Teut.  stief  tirmas,  fla- 
bilis  ;  stiiven,  firmare,  firmum  reddeie. 

Steik,  stitch,  job,  piece  of  work. 

Steik,  toJJjut  or  clofe.  'reut.  steien,  claudere  ligneis  cla- 
vis  ;  alfo  to  stick,  stab,  ox  pierce. 

Steil,  handle.  SteiU  of  a  barrow  ox  •\^^o\x^,  the  handle:, 
Teut.  steel,  caudex,  fcapus. 

Steil-bow,  a  term  denoting  a  particular  mannc  of  let' 
ting  a  farm  on  leafe  ;  the  leading  condition  of  which 
was,  that  the  fodder  of  the  out-going  crop  fhouKl 
not  be  carried  ofl'  from  the  farm.     It   is  probable, 

that 


St.  —  St. 

that  in  cafes  of  this  kind,  not  only  the  implemejita 
of  hufbandrj,  but  the  whole  flock  of  the  farm  be- 
longed originally  to  the  proprietor  of  the  land  ; 
aud  that  the  farmer  was  merely  a  confidential  per- 
fon  who  paid  a  certain  fum  annually  to  the  proprie- 
tor inflead  of  rendering  an  account  of  the  neat  pro- 
duce. The  word  is  derived  from  Teut.  stellen,  in- 
ftruere,  conftituere,  collocare  &  bouwy  meffis. 

Sieip,  to  stoop  ;  alfo  tofoak,  fas  in  water.) 

Steir,  to  stir,  to  mo'Ve.  Teut.  stiereriy  agere. 

Stell,  a  fnfe  Jit  nation^  a  place  ofjhelter.  Teut.  stell^  lo- 
cus tutus.  In  old  writings.  Stall  or  Stail. 

Stend,  Stendle,  to  stride,  to  move  with  long  strides.    Fr. 
estendre  ;  alfo  ufed  iubllantively  for  a  stride  or  long 
'   step. 

Stent,  to  extendy  to  stretch  out.  Fr.  estendre  ;  alfo  to 
stint,  stopy  ov^ceafe  ;  becaufe,  fays  Ruddiman,  when 
any  thing  is  ftretched  to  its  full  length,  it  is,  as  it 
were,  ftinted  or  ftopt,  that  it  can  go  no  farther. 

Stent,  extenty  a  burrow  tax,  according  to  the  extent  of  a 
perfon's  bufinefs. 

Stenye,  to  sting ;  as  in  "  confcience  stenyies  if  he 
fteil." 

Stenye,  to  stain  or  fully.  Stenyt,  stainedyfitllied. 

Step  in  age,  old,  or  drawing  to  age: 

Stere,  to  rule  or  govern.  Sax.  styran.  Ifl.  stiurany  gu- 
bernare ;  alfo  ufed  fubflantivety  for  government. 
From  this  verb,  according  to  Kennet,  is  derived  the 
word  Sterling. 

Stere-burd,  star-hoard-  Sterifman,  steerjman ;  from 
Teut.  stiery  clavus,  gubernaculum. 

Sterf,  to  die,  or  be  killedy   by  whatever  kind  of  death  ; 
to  starve,  or  he  starved  hy  hunger  or  cold.  Teut.  ster 
veil,  raori,  interire,  occidere,  occumbere. 

Sterk,  Stark,  strongs  robust,  valiant.  Teur.  stercky  for- 
tis,  validus,  infraflus,  robuftus,  potens. 

Sterlyng,  Eaflerling,  oj" or  belonging  to  the  lower  parts 
of  Germany,  or  countries  immedi*itely  to  the  east- 
ward of  Great  Britain.  See  Stere,  ty  rule. 

Sterne, 


St.  St. 

Sterne,  Starne,  a  star.  Sternys,  stars.  Teut.  &  Sax. 
stern^  ftella.  Goth,  stairtwns,  stellx.  Mar.  xiii.  23. 
The  Lat.  astrum  and  stella  feem  of  the  fame  ori- 
gin. 

Steugs,  Stugs,  dartSf  JJjort  rusty  nails.  Teut,  stuk, 
tormentum,  telutn.  [-Goth,  stikoy  pun6lum  tempo- 
ris.] 

Stevin,  tune,  melody,  found,  the  voice.  Sax.  stefney  vox, 
fonus.  Gawin  Douglas  ufes  Stevin  alfo  for  the 
mouth  ;  and  "  to  ftevin"  for  proras  feu  rostrum  oh- 
•vertere  ;  from  Teut.  sieve,  prora,  pars  anterior  na- 
vis  5  all  which,  according  -to  Ruddiman,  feem  to  be 
clofelj  connedled. 

■Stew,  vapour ,  fmoke,  fumes y  cloud  of  dust.  Teut.  stof, 
pulvis,  pulvifculus. 

Stewatt,  a  perfon  in  a  state  of  violent  perfpiratton  ;  from 
Stew,  Vapour.  Teut.  stove,  hypocauftum. 

Stilp,  expl.  to  stalk,  to  walk  ;  var.  of  Stilt. 

•Stimiket,  emitted  offenfve  vapour,  belched. 

Stimpart,  expl.  the  eight  part  of  a  Winchester  hufhel. 
(huitieme  part  ?) 

Sting.  See  Stang,  a  pole,  a  pike.  Teut.  stanghe.  To 
carry  off  "  fting  and  ling,"  i.  e  literally  with  long 
poles  or  bearers,  and  fhoulder  belts  ;    entirely,   whol- 

Stingifdynt,  (Reg.  Majes.)  a  fpecies  of  Blond-wit,  or 
amerciament  for  the  effujion  of  blood.  Stingis-dynt 
feems  literally  a  blow  with  a  long  pole.  See 
Stang. 

Stirk,  a  cow  or  bullock  in  the  fecond year.  Sax.  styrc, 
juvencus,  juvenca.  Teut.  stier-kalf, 

fitirkin,  (Bp.  Douglas),  feems  stricken,  struck,  wound- 
ed. "  Sche  wandris  as  the  ftirkin  kind,"  i.  e  as  the 
ivounded  deer.  Ruddiman  will  have  it  q.  stirk 
hind, 

Stirrah,  stout  bgy. 

Stith,  Styth,  stt^,  strong,  steady.  Sax.  stith,  duius,  ri- 
gidus,  aufterus,  afper. 

Stok  and  horn,  a  fhepikrd^s  pipe^  made  of  a  reed  fixed 
in  a  fmall  horn. 
Vol.  IV.  F  f  Stok 


St St. 

Stok  fwerd,  (BIflaop  Douglas),  expl.  a  stiff"  or  strong 
fword  i  rather  perhaps  a  long  fmall pword.  Fr.  estoc^ 

enfis  longior,  verututn.     Douglas  alfo  ufes  Stokkis, 

which  Ruddiman  explains  daggers^   rapiers  :   And 

Stokkit,  Stokyn, ybr  stabbed,  sticked. 
Stokker,    to    stagger,      Stokkerand   aver,    staggering 

horfe. 
Stole,  (according  to  the  editor  of  Winton),  an  orna- 
ment hung  on  the  priesfs  breast^  or  perhaps  the  long 

robe  called  in  Lat.  orarium,  ftola  facerdotalis. 
Stpll,  Stell,  Stall,  Still,  place  ofjafety ;  to  place  in  fafety. 

Douglas  ufes  Stolling  place  for  a  proper  fit  uatlon  or 

strong  post. 
Stonie,  Stonyfs,  to  astonijh.     Stonift,   afioniJJjedf  QOU" 

founded.    Fr.  estonner^  obftupefaccre  ;  whence  Stun. 
Storar,  Storour,  overfer^  intendant  of  the  herds  and 

JlockSf  wild  or  tame. 
Store,  sheepy  cattle.  Store  hiXVdyfheep  farm. 
Stott,  to  rebound^  as  a  hand-ball.  Teut.  stooUn^  pellere, 

quaflare. 
Stott,  bullock  ;  more  commonly,  a  young  bullock,  Swed. 

stot,  juvencus.     Chaucer  ufes  Stot  in  the  fenfe  of 

young  horfe. 
Stove,  a  vapour  or  exhalation.  Teut.  stove y  a  hot-houfe, 

hypocauftum  j  alfo  to  emit  vapour.  Teut.  stoveii^  ca- 

lefacere, 
Stou,  to  cut  or  crop.  Stouipgs,  young  branches  cr  opt  from 

the  main  stock,  as  of  cole  worts. 
Stouk,  teiiy  or  more  commonly  twelve  fheaves  of  corn 

fet  up  fo  as  to  rejist  rain.  [Swed.  shock,  a  clufter.] 
Stound,  a  fmall  fpace   of  time,  a  moment  or  instant, 

Teut.  fond,  fund,  tempus,  hora,  fpatium,  momeiji. 

turn. 
Stound,  a  f.itch  or  fhooting  pain.     [Ifl.  styn,  doleo  , 

stunde,  dolui.]  Chaucer  ufes  Stounds  for  forrows. 
Stound,  (Peblis  at  the  Play),  feems  stayed  or  remained 

at  home. 
Stour,  Stowre,  tumult,  battle.   O.  Fr.  estour.    Ifl.  styr, 

bellum.     Sax.   steorian,  turbare,  movere  ;  whence 

i|ie  fame  word  is  ufed  to  fignify  dwt  in  motion  ,•  or 

which 


St.  ^  St. 

which  has  been  in  motion.  Tctlt.  stoufy  pulvis.  Gael. 

stiir. 
Stour,  to  run  or  gallop,  to  move  quickly. 
Stoure,  a  long  pole   or  fpear.      [Teut.  steuwery    ful- 
crum.] 
Stouth,  Stowth,  stealthy  fecrecyy  privacy  ;  in  the  fame 

fenfe  that  the  h^it.furtum  is  fometimes  iifed  by  the 

poets. 
Stouthrief,  theft  accompanied  with  violence,  houfe-breai- 

ingy  &c.  See  Reif,-  to  rob. 
Stown,  stolen,  stole  ;  from  Sta,  to  steal. 
Stovfpy  pitcher,  cann,Jlaggony  tankard.    Teut.  stoops  MX- 

na,  congius.  Sax.  stoppa,  eadus. 
Stoyt,  to  stammer  infpeech,  to  stutter. 
Straitis,  Straits,  a  kind  of  coarfe  woollen  clothy  or  kerfey. 

In   the  poem  of  Chrift's  kirk  on  the  green,  this 

■word  is  commonly  fuppofed  to  mean  leather  from 

the  straits  of  Gibraltar. 
Strak,  Sfraik,7?r«(rife,  didjlrike ;  "Aiojlroke,  blow.  Stra- 

kings,  Straikings,   the  refufe  of  jlax,  or  cleth  made 

from  it. 
Stramaris,  Stremouris,  fireamersy  top-Jlags.     See  Stre- 

mouris. 
Stramp,  Strample,  to  trample.     To  tramp  cloaths,  to 

trample  upon  them  in  a  tub  of  water.  Swed.  stampa. 
Strand,  rivulet,  f mall  brook  or  running  ivater  ;  in  oppo- 

lition    to   Stanryis,  or  Jlanding  water.      How  this 

word  happens  to  differ  fo  widely  in  meaning  from 

the  'E.n^. frand,  is  not  clear. 
Strath,  a  plain  of  fame  conftderable  extent  on  a  rivet  Jide\ 

as  Strath  or  btrat-Clyde,   the  fiat  ground  along  the 

river  Clyde  ;    probably  from   Lat.   tra£luSy  region, 

country  ;  or  T!cnt.Jlrekey  plaga,  regio,  traBu.s  -yJlreC" 

ken,  extendere. 
Straucht,  Jirait  ;  alfo  ^retched;  as  Raucht  for  reach* 

ed ;  with  which  it  feems  to  be  nearly  allied. 
Stravaig,  to  roam  or  wander.  Itsl.firavagare.  See  Vaig. 
Stray,  Strae,7?ra'u;.  bzx.Jre. 
Strayk,  Straik,   to  firoke,  or  touch  with  a  gentle  fliding 

motion.     Teut.  Jlreikenf  leviter  attret^are.     Straik, 

Straiked 


St.  Sir. 

Straiked  or  Streiked  meafure  (of  corn),  exa£i  men" 
fure^  m  oppofition  to  heaped  ;  alfo,  in  this  fenfe,  as  a 
verb,  to  adjiift  ;  from  Swed.^W/^rt,  menfurare. 

Streik,  tojlrctch^  to  ufe^  or  begin  to  ufe^  as  to  ftreik  the 
hooks,  to  begin  hnrveji.  Tent,  Jlrecke/ti  extendere. 

S  tr e  1 1  ch ,  Jirick ,  nffeBed. 

Stremouris,7?/-frtwzfrj.  See  Vol.  I.  p.  4^3,  where  the 
reader  may  judge  for  himfelf  whether  the  poet 
means  the  Northern  lights,  or  merely  the  ftreams  of 
light  which  precede  the  rifing  of  the  fun. 

Strenth,  cajile/jlrong  hold^  a  place  fortified  by  nature  or 
art. 

Strenye,  tojlrain  or  fprain.  [Fr.  efiraindre.'] 

Strefs,  prejjing  dij/icultyt  prejfure^  dijlrefs  ;  alfo  to  dif- 
trefs  or  trouble, 

Strefs,  ancient  mode  of  taking  tip  accufation  for  the  CiV'- 
cuit  Courts.    See  Tryft. 

Strinkil,  Strenkle,  var.  oifprinkle^  to  fcatter, 

Strommel,  tojlumble.  Tt-xxX..  Jlriemelen,  to  ftagger. 

Strone,  Stroan,  to  fpout  forth  as  a  water  pipe.  Teut. 
Jiroomen,  fluere  ;  whence  Strand,  a  f mall  rill, 

Stront,  ^\.x\xx\X.^  pei^fulky  or  fallen  ft ;  originally  per- 
haps ft  of  objiinate  idlenefs.  Conf.  Teut.  trouwant, 
fcurra,  ludio ;  or  trots,  irritamentum,  infultatio, 
contumelia  ;  trotfen,  irritare,  laceflere  ;  trotfgh,  con- 
tumeliofus,  faftofus.  To  take  the  ftrunt,  to  be  petted 
or  out  of  humour. 

Strontlie,  pettifjlj,fullertlf.  [Teut.  trt^tfgh,  contumc- 
liofus,  faftofus.]  See  Stront. 

Strounge,  harfj  ;  efpecially  to  the  tafte,  as  a  floe. 

Stroup,  Stroop,^o«/,  as  of  a  tea  kettle.  S-wed.fri/pc. 
la.frnp,  gutter,  gula.  Teut.  storte  ;  whence  throat. 

StroWff  rife,  fquabble  ;  from  Teat,  fiooren,  turbaie» 

Stroy,  abbrev.  of  deftroy.  Lat.  dejlruere. 

Strynd,  See  Strand,  a  rivulet ,  fpring  of  water. 

Strynd,  Stryne,  race^  kindred,  offspring.  Sax.  frynd, 
ftirps,  genus  ;  flrinan,  gignere. 

Studdy,  Stuthy,  Stithy,  anvil.  Ifl.  Jledia^  incus.  Sax. 
fidhy  rigidus,  durus. 

Stuff",  to  fill  ivith  men,  StwH^t,  filed  with  men. 

Stulth, 


St.  ■  Sa". 

f?>t\x\th,  Jealtb.  Goth.  Ji/an,  furare. 

Sturdy,  a  difeafe  common  tojheep  ;  a  luater  in  the  headj 

or  vertigo.  \T^Q\xt..  Jlooren,  vertere.] 
Sture,  Stoor,  aujlerey-  roughs  harjhy  Jliff,  Jifong^  robust. 
Teut.  stuer.     Lat.  austerust  ferox,  horridus,    tor- 
vus. 
Sturt,  Sturten,  trouhle,  disturhancf,  vexation y  mi/chief. 

Fr.  torty  injuria.  Dan.  styrty  pugna. 
Style,  degree,  high  degree^  rank,  palm.  SaX.  stigele,  gra- 

dus,  fcala. 
S^yTne^  a  hlinkyfmallest  appearance  cf  light.  Snx.Jcimay  , 
-  fulgor  ;  "  lyteWne /eiman  leohtes,''  parvam  corufca- 

tionem  lucis. 
Styte,  Stot,  to  walk  injirmlyy  like  a  perfo^;i  in  li<|«or. 
Subchetts,  dubioufly  expl.  viBuals. 
SvihAytyfuhjea.  hzt.fubdifus. 
Saccure y  Succor yfugar,  Teut.  fuyciery  izCchaTam.  Fr. 

Ji^cre. 
Sucquedry,  prefumption  ;  from  O.  Fr.  furcuideve  ;  hod 

^fury  fuper  ;  &  cuideTy  agitare,  imaginari. 
Suddil,  Sudle,  to  foil y  to  tarnijh.  Yx.fouiller. 
Suellleg,  expl.  heat,  a  burning  fever,    ^zx.fnvtlly  ufti'o, 

tumor,  peftis  ;  fwellany  tumere,  turgere. 
^\x&{^\\ctyft(fficiency.    Yx.fuffifancey  idonea  copia. 
S\i\ye,foil,  country,  land,  ground,  hat.folum. 
Sulyeart,  clear,  bright,  brilliant,  glittering.   HJh.  fhilfer, 

fplendens,  rutilus  ;  foilierachdy  fplendor,  fulgor. 
Sumdel,  Sum  <iei\e,  fomewhaty  a  little. 
Sumphion,  a  mufcal  instrument  ;  fame  perhaps  with  O. 
Engl,  fymphonie,   which   feems  to  have  been  a  kind 
of  tambour  or  drum. 
San^^tSyfomething  (to  eat),  q.  d.fum  quhats. 
Sunkis,  Sunks^  n  hind  of  pack  faddle,  reaching  farther 

down  on  the  horfes  fides  than  Sods. 
Sunyeis,  ElTunyeis,  excufes.  Fr.  exoiue. 
Suppede,  to  afjist.  \/!it.  fuppeditare . 
Suppowel,yJ//i^/y,  auxiliaries,  forces  ;  alio  as  a  verb  to 
fupport  or  qfjist.     Vr.fupplcer.     Chaucer  h^isfi/ppo- 
raile,  expl.  upholder,  which  feems  to  come  from  Lat. 
fuppgrtare. 

Snpprys, 


Su.  ~~~~.  Sw. 

Supprys,  Supprels,  to  cpprefs^  to  hear  dawH. 

Snr novfuCfJirnaTne.   Fr./urnom, 

Surry,  Syria.  Soldan  of  Surry,  Sultan  of  Syria. 

Surngine,  Syrurgiane,  oy«r^er>/z;  chirurgeon.  ¥t.  chi- 
rurgien. 

Surs,  (Bp.  Dougl.^  expl.  a  hajly  riftng,  ox  flight  up ' 
wards;  ivom  hzt. furfum  ox furger e . 

Sufly,  carey  anxiety,  trouble.  Vv.fouci,  follicitudo ;  alfo 
ufed  as  a  verb,  to  care.  I  fufly  not,  /  care  not. 

SntCy /weet. 

Suth,  truth.  Suthfaft,  truflyj  ejlahlijhed  in  truth.  Suth- 
lie,  Soolhlich,  /r«/j>,  in  truth,  ^^i^i./oth^  verus  ijoth- 
lice,  vere. 

Swa, yo.  Goth.yj/a,  fie,  ut,  ficut. 

Swable,  to  bent  (with  a  long  (lick.) 

Swage,  to  ajpjoage.    Tent,  fwighten,  fedarc,  pacafe, 

Swaif,  Swyve,  to  embrace,  tokifs^  futuere.  hat.  Juaviariy 
to  kifs. 

Swaits,  SwattSj  Jmall  beer.  S^x./watany  cerevifia. 

Swak,  Thwack,  Jhock,Jiroke  vjith  a  cudgel  ;  to  flrihe  ; 
alfo  to  throw  or  caji  with  force  ;  ex  fono. 

Swale,  faty  plump  ;  (^.fwelled  ;  ufed  in  the  fame  fenfe 
by  Chaucer. 

Swankie,  Jwainy  young  matty  wooer ;  probably  from 
Dan.  fwang,  fwanky  meagre,  flender,  thin.  Teut. 
fwanghery  gravida,  priegnans,  facta ;  fwancieuy  a- 
gere.  Sslx.  fwang,  operarius  ;  fwangrer,  to  impreg- 
nate. 

SwznySy  fwainSypeafants.  Sax.fwein,  puer,  fervus,  mi- 
nifler. 

Swap,  Swaup,  jo««^  pea-cod,  a  tali  slender  young  per- 
fan.  [J^zn.  fvangy  flender.J 

Swapp,  to  exchange. 

Sware,  Swyre,  Squhyre,  the  neck  ;  alfo  a  feep  pafs  o- 
ver  a  chain  of  mountains.  Sax.  fiJceor,  collum,  cer- 
vix, columna. 

Swarf,  Swairf,  Swerf,  to  faint,  to  fwoon  away  Sax. 
fweorcian,  caligare  ;  fweorc,  caligo,  nubes  ;  accord- 
ing to  Ruddiman,  from  Tcut.  fwervcn,  errare,  va- 
gari  ;    or  perhaps  fwiicken,  labafcere,  dsficere. 

Swart, 


Sw.      ■         Sw. 

Swart, /warthy,  hlach.  Tent./ivarty  nlger,  ater,  piceus. 

Goth,  fwarts,  fufcus,  niger. 
Swattc,  pret.  of  the  verb  to/weaf. 
Swath,  Swathe,  the  grafs  ivhich  is  cut  by  a  fey  the  at  one 
Jiroke.  S^:s..  fwathcy  fciffio,  rafura.  Tcut. yiy^r/^,  fee* 

ni  Itriga,  ordo  demiffi  foeni. 
Swee,  to  incline  or  hend  to  ajide.  \^.  fueigia,  incurvare. 

Swed.  fwiga^  loco  cedere.     Teut.  luegghen,  movere. 

Douglas  has  Swecht  for  weight,   hurdctiy  force  ;  as 

Spurge  for  purge,  Strample  for  trample,  &c. 
Sweir,  Swere,  la'zy,  hackivard,  slow.  Six.  /were,  defes, 

piger. 
Sweirnefs,  Swernefs,  sloth,  la%i7iejs,  hackwardnefs. 
Sweit,  life.  iSax.fwai,  fanguis.] 
Swelly,  to  fuialkw.     Teut.  fwelghen,  vorare,  glutlre. 

Swelliaris,  swallonvers.    See  Swelth,  a  gulph. 
Swelt,  to  he  choaked  or  suffocated,  to  die.    Teut.  swelten, 

dcficere,  languefcere,  fatifcere.  Sax.  sweltan,  mori. 
Swelth,  a  gulph  or  whirl  pool.     Tent,  sweigh,  fauces, 

gula,  frumen. 
Swene.  See  Sweven,  to  swoon,  to  dream. 
Swengeour,  Sweyngeout,  expl.  fout  nvencher,  one  ivho 

roarrn  about  after  the  girls;  from  Teut.  swenie,  virgo, 

juvencula  5  fwentfen,  vagari.     Dan.  fvoangrer,  gig- 

nere.     Or,  according  to  Ruddiroan,  corrupted  from 

O.  Zngl.  fvoinker,  labourer.     Sax.  fwancan,  labo- 

rare.  Sec  Swik,  tofoften. 
Swerth-back,  a  bird ;    fpecics  unknown.     The  name 

feems  to  denote  the  colour. 
Swetheryke,   kingdom   of  Sweden.     See   Ryke,  iing^ 

dom. 
Swevin,  SwGvyn,feep,  a  dream.     Sax.  fw(fen.     Dan. 

foffn,  fomnium.  » 

Swevin  to  fleep,  to  dream.     Sax.  fxtfiany  fvcefnian, 
fomniare,  fopire.    \^.fof,  dormire.     [Lat.  vtXkt.fop" 

nus,  for  fomnus.] 
Swidder,  S wither,   dcukt.,  heftation  ;  alfo  as  a  verb  to 
doubt  or  hcftate      Tewt.fwieren,  vibrare,  vagari,  in 
gyrum  verti  ;  fwier,  vibratio,  gyrus. 
Swik,  to  affwngey  allay,  o^foftesi.     T^ixt,  fwichten,  fe- 
dare,  pacare. 

Swilk- 


Sw.  '  Sy. 

S-xv'i]k.,/uch.    Szx..fwylc.    Goth. /u>a-/«i,  talis  j  from 

leik,  fimilis. 
Swink,  Swirk,  hard  labour  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  labour 
•     hard.    ta.x./ivincari,  laborare,  fatigare,  vexare. 
3vfi^per,  quid, /ivift,  nimble.  Swipperly, /wi/ilj.   Sax. 

fwtpan,   verrere,  and  poetically  qito  agere.     [Teut. 

fiueepe,  flagellum.] 
^wirl,  a  'johirling  motion,  as  of  wind  or  driving  fnow  } 

or  the  remaining  appearance  offuch  a  motion.    Tcut. 

fwier,  gyrus,  circumvolutio  j  alfo  as  a  verb  to  whirl 

about.  Tcut. /wieren,  circumvolvi. 
Swirlie,  Jull  of  knots  or  circumvolutions,  as  in  various 

kinds  of  wood  ;  from  Swirl,  circumvolvi. 
Swith,  Swyth,  Swyith,  injiantly,  quickly.     Als  fwyth, 

asfoon.     Swith  away  i  begone  quickly.    Szx.Jkuithe, 

prompte. 
Swoich,  Swouch,  Souch,  ojound^  a  report.  ^"X^i.  fvoege^ 

fonus,  clangor  ;  f-megan,  fonare. 
Swonk,  expl.  tofwim.  Svf onkznd,  /wimming.     [Teut. 

fwencken,  fluftuare,  labare,  vibrare,  quatere.] 
Sworl.  See  Swirl,  a  whirling  motion.,  &c. 
^wy]^t  fraud,  impojlure.  lH.Jui/k.    "D^u.  suig  &c  swinie, 

a  trick. 
Swykful,  SvijrikfQ],  fraudulent.  Dan.  suigagtig. 
Swyre,  Squhyre.     See  Sware,  ajieep  pafs  over  a  chain 

of  mountains  ;    expl.   by    Ruddiman,  the  top  of  a 

hill. 
Swy  ve,  Sweyve.     See  Swaif,  to  have  carnal  connexion 

with. 
Sybow,    Seybow,    young    or   small  onion.     Teut.  ci- 

bolle. 
Sj'is,  Syith,  times.     Oft-fyis,  &  Felefyis,  many  times, 

frequently.  Hax.Jith,  tempus,  vicis. 
Syle,  to  blindfold  or  hood-wink  ;  to  deceive.  Overfylde, 

covered  over.  Swed.  Jkyla,  occultare.  Teut.  schuylen. 

'Ds.n.Jkyle.  Ifl.y^?o/tt,  latitare.  Swed.y5&y«.   Lat.  ri?- 

lare,  tegere  ;  nearly  allied  to  Sax.  helan.    See  Heild, 

io  cover  vp.  Syle  is  alfo  explained  to  surround  or  ^«» 

compass. 
Syle,  to  f  rain  or  pass  through  aflrainer. 

Synde, 


Sj — p—  Sy; 
Sjrnde,  to  tva^^  to  clean  from  tome  remaining  impurl- 

Syne,  afterwards^  thereafter^  then.  Teut.  Jind,  pofty 
poftquam,  inde  pollea.  The  cprrefponding  Saxon 
word,  according  to  Ruddiman,  is  fttthan  or  syttban  ; 
whence  the  O.  Engl,  f  thence,  now  by  abbreviatioa 
fmce.  Neither  of  thefe,  however,  agrees  with  the 
Scottiih  lyne^  but  with  Sen-fjme,  ever  after  that 
time. 

Sync.  See  Sejne,  to  bliss  or  consecrate, 

Synopare,  Cjnoper,  cinnabar. 

Sjpe.  See  Sipe,  to  ouze  or  pass  through  in  sinall  quan^ 
tity  ;  fpoken  of  liquid. 

Sjpins,  that  which  has  ouxed  through,  Cfrom  a  veilel 
containing  liquor.) 

Sjte,  punifhment ;  alfo  cxpl.  sorrow*  Teut.  suchte,  do- 
lor, languor,  morbus. 

Sjthyn,  Sen-fjne,  ever  after  that  time,   Se«  Sync. 


Vot.  IV.  G  g  Ta, 


r»  , „  Ta. 


T. 


TAi  fo*  Tane,  The  ancj  one  of  two.  So*,  te  arte.  Ta 
and  Tane  likewife  occur  in  the  fenfe  of  take  and  ta- 
keriy  as  Ma  for  make-.     So  alfo  Tais  for  taket. 

Taanles,  Bleazes,  large  fir^s,bailfirei  ov  bonefires ,  from 
Gael. /itf/fw,  fire.  Svred,  tanda.  Svx.  tynan.  Goth. 
tandiarty  accendere.  Ifl*  tungl^  fidus,  luna.  Efton.  tuTi" 
geiy  toriis  ;  whence  perhaps  Ingle,  large  fire.  The 
cuftom  of  kindling  large  fires  or  Taanlea,  at  Mid- 
fnmmer,  was  formerly  coinmon  in  Scotland,  as  in  o- 
ther  countries,  and  to  this  day  ie  continued  all  along 
the  ftrath  ol  Clyde.  "  On  fome  nights  a  dozen  or 
more  of  them  may  be  feen  at  one  view.  They  are 
moftly  kindled  on  rifing  ground,  that  they  may  be 
feen  at  a  greater  diftance." 

Tabart,  Taberd,  Talbert,  loofe  upper  garment^  worn 
chiefly  by  ecclefiaftics.  Upon  thofe  which  were  uf- 
ed  by  knights,  their  armorial  bearings  were  com- 
monly reprefented  in  embroidery.  Teut.  tahhaerd^ 
penula. 

Tabetlefs,  expl.  without  Jlrength. 

Taljles,  the  name  of  a  game j  perhaps  drafts^  or  chefs, 

Tache,  hlemijh.  Fr.  tache. 

Tack,  Tak,  leafe.  Teut.  taecke^  penfum,  a  charge  or  «n- 
dertaking.  See  Aft  1 459,  the  firft  in  Europe  which 
rendered  tenants  fecure  in  their  poffeffions. 

Tagle,  Taigle,  to  retard,  tojiopy  to  delay.  Teut.  taggen, 
altercari. 

Tail,  talcyjlory.  Teut.  taelcy  fermo. 

TaiJyeve,  Tirryvie,  violent  ft  of  pafjion.  See  Ter- 
rane. 

Tailyies,y7zVw,  as  of  meat,  loaf  bread,  &c.  Fr.  tailler, 
to  cur,  flice,  hack  j  from  Teut.  talie^  incifura,  cae- 
fura ;  alfo  entails. 

Tais, 


Ta.  Ta. 

Tals,  Tafs,  howl^  a  fmall  dram  cup.  Fr.  taffe. 

Tais,  tojlretcbyjlraiuy  or  extend  ;  to  pull  thejlring  of  a 
bow  ;  hence  to  adjujl.  Teut.  teefetiy  trahere,  veJli- 
care,  vellere,  carpere.  Wolteefeny  rainutatim  expli- 
care  lanam,  to  teefe  wool.  Tjt,  pulled,  drew. 

Takill,  arrow.  Wei.  taccl^  fagitta  j  tacclan,  ornamenta 
fagittas  j  taccluy  ornare  ;  tacdvs,  ornatas.  [  Teut. 
taeckelen  de  fche-peity  adornare  naves.^ 

Takynnar,  one  who  portends  from  Jtgns  or  tokens. 

Talbart.  See  Tabart,  gowriy  toga. 

Talent,  propenfity^  eagernefs.  Fr.  talent,  cnpido. 

Tallon  for  Tallow,  to  cover  with  tallow  or  with  a  mix- 
ture of  pitch  and  tallow.  Yt. 

Tangle,  afea  weed.  Swed-  tang.^  alga  marina. 

Tangs,  Tejngs,/»azr  of  tongf.  Teut.  tanghe^  forceps. 

Tape,  to  make  a  little  go  a  great  way,  to  ufefparingly. 

Tapettis,  tapejlry.  Teut.  tapiit^  tapetum  ;  whence  per- 
haps Belg.  6c  Eng.  carpet. 

Tappit-hen,  crejied  hen  ;  pewter  quart  meafure^  fo  called 
frona  the  knob  on  the  lid. 

Tarans,  expl.  children  who  have  died  before  baptifm. 

Targets,  tatters.  Swed.  iargady  tore  or  torn. 

Tarlochis,  enchanters^  magicians  ;  properly  tourlochis'^ 
from  Teut.  ioouerer,  incantator,  maleficus,  magus  } 
toouererfsf  toouerinne,  incantatrix,  faga,  lamia  ;  toou- 
eren,  fafcinare.  The  termination  loch  in  this,  as  in 
many  other  words,  fignifies  like.  Goth,  leiks,  iimi'- 
lis. 

Tarrow,  to  take  pet ;  to  turn  away  from,  or  refufe, 
meat  peevifhly ;  to  pretend  to  loath,  to  €at  with 
feigned  loathing  ;  from  Teut.  taergh,  tardus.  See 
Argh. 

Tartan,  crofs.-Jiriped  or  chequered,  cf  various  colours^ 
in  the  manner  of  Highland  plaids.  Fr.  tiretaine, 
forte  de  droguet ;  linfey-woolfy. 

Tartane,  tertian^  as  Tartane  fever,  ague. 

Tarveal,  expl.  fretful,  difcontented  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to 
plague  or  vex.  -^wed.  tarfwa^  opus  habere  }  tarf 
neceflitas.]  See  Torfel,  to  pine  away. 

Tafleis,  (erroneoufly  printed  TafteisJ,  taffels, 

Tafs, 


Ta Te. 

Tafg,  Tas.  See  Tais,  cup.  Fr,  tajje. 

Tate,  Tatt,  Teat,  lock  of  hair  or  tuoolf  commonly  mat- 

ted.  Sax.  ge-tead^  connexus,  uaitus. 
Tatb,  the  luxuriant  grafs  which  rifes  in  tufts  where  the 
dung  of  cattle  has  been  depqfited.  Sax.  ge-tead^  excita- 
tus,  nutritus  j  ge-tyhth,  traxit.    Tathis,  tufts  ;  alfo 
teats  or  locks.  See  Tate. 
Tatty,  hanging  in  tatts  or  matted  locks.  See  Tate. 
Tauch,  Taulch,  tallow.  Fris.  talghe.  Dan.  talge^  febnrn, 

fevum. 
Tau pie, ybo/^  ivench.  Dan.  tadbegaas. 
Taw,  to  pull,  to  lay  hold  of  to  tumble  about. 
Tawbern,  Tawburn,  tabour^  drum.  Fr.  tambour. 
Taweal,  ex^l.  fatigue,  perhaps  from  travail. 
Tawis,  Taws,  a  whip  or  fcourge  ;  commonly  a  flip  of 
tanned  leather  divided  at  the  farther  extremity  intq 
fmaller  thongs. 
Tay,  toe.  Tayis,  Tays,  toes. 

Teat,  afmall  lock,  as  of  hair,  wool,  &c.  See  Tath. 
Ted,  to  fcatter.     In  King  Alfred's  tranflation  of  Bede, 
*'  land  getead^*  is  tranflated  terra  praparata.     But 
this  may  rather  be  the  origin  of  Tath,  q.  vid. 
Teddir,  Tethir,  rope,  commonly  made  of  hair. 
Teicheris,  (Gaw.  Douglas),  expl.  drops  of  devi  j  forte, 

(fays  Ruddiman),  from  Fr.  tacher,  to  fpot  ? 
Teille-trec,  the  Hme  tree.  Lat.  tilia. 
Teir,  wajie,  fatigue.  Teh  ful,  fatiguing.   Fr.  tare. 
Teis,  ropes  ;  of  the  fame  origin  with  En^l.  verb  tQ 

tie. 
Telis,  tills  ;  alfo  corruption  of  dwells, 
Teme.  See  Toom,  empty,  to  empty. 
Tempane,  Tympane.  drum,  tabour.  Lat.  tympanum. 
Tcnchis,  (G.  Douglas),  taunfSf  tauntings.     Fr.  tencer, 

tanfer. 
Tene,  vexation,  grief  anger,  trouble.  Sax.  teon,  calum- 
nia,  molellia,  injuria,  calamitas  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to 
grieve,  to  irritatef  vex,  or  trouble  ;  teonan.  Fland. 
ientn,  irritare,  conviciari. 
Tene-waryit,  cppreffed  with  affli6iion.  See  Tene,  and 
Warie,  7o  curfe. 

Tent, 


Te Th. 

Tent,  attention^  notice,  care  ;  to  attend  to^  to  take  care  of, 

Lat.  attendere. 
Tent.  See  Stent,  tojlretch  out.  Fr.  eflendre, 
Tepe,  Taip,  to  prolong,  to  make  a  little  go  a  great  way. 
Ter,  tar.  Teut.  terre,  pix  fluida. 
Terce,  Tierce,  the  third  part,  or  widow* s  Jhare  of  her 

hujhand^s  moveables.  Fr.  tiers. 
Tercelet,  Terfall,  the  male  hawk  or  eagle.   See  Terfc. 
Tere,  Teir.  See  Deir,  injury,  distrefs. 
Termagant,  ptarmigan,  the  name  of  a  well  known  bird 

which  inhabits   rocky  mouptains  in  the  northern 

parts  of  Scotland. 
Tern,  for  Stern,  ferce. 

Terrane,  Tirrane,  oppreffor  ;  alfo  expl.  tyrannical. 
Terrane,   reproachful  nanie  for  a  pajjionate  brawling 

child.  [^Teut.  taran,  hillrix,] 
Terfe,  Tearfe.    Teut.  teers,  hafta  membri  virilis  ;  vo- 

cabulum  Teutonibus  olim  honeftum,  nunc  temporis  - 

vero  obfca;num. 
Tetand,  Teeting,  corr.   from  Belg  kiichsn,  to  peep  ox 

Teug,  Tug,  the  rein  or  rope  of  a  halter.  Teut.  teugel, 
habena,  lorum,  retinaculum.  Ifl.  tog^  funis,  a  tow. 

Tejnd,  tenth,  tithe  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  draw  the  tenths 
(of  produce),  figuratively,  to  diminifrin  number  ot 
value,  to  mar. 

Tha,  Thay,  thefe.  Sax.  thnege,  illi. 

Thak,  Thack,  thatch,  ruJJo  or  straw  coi^ering  of  a  roof. 
Sax,  thac,  tectum  faeneiim  ;  feu  cujufvis  generis, 
Teut.  duck,  arundo.  See  fheik. 

Thane,  an  old  title  of  honour  or  dignity,  equal  in  rank, 
'fays  Skene,  *'  to  the  fon  of  an  Earl  ; — ane  Free  bal- 
der holding  his  lands  of  the  /T/V/g- /"  —  according  to 
Fordun,  a  levier  of  the  King*s  rents.  The  word 
Tbegn  is  found  in  moft  of  the  Northern  languages, 
but  moft  frequently  in  the  Anglo-Saxon  ;  and  is  uf- 
ed  in  the  various  fignifirations  of  fervus,  mini/ler  ; 
exa£ior,  dijcipulus ;  fervus  mihtaris,  miles,  Jatelles, 
eques  ;  princeps,  optimas,  pnmas,  Jatropa,  dominus. — 
The  learned  Jhfe  makes  the  primary  f.'nfe  of  Thegf/, 

vir 


Th,  Th. 

vir  probus,  praeftans,  ftrenuus  ;  correfpondlng  with 
Fris.  thegeman,  from  deghe,  virtus,  probitas;  whence 
perhaps  the  Irifli  tig'hearna,  dotninus,  and  Lat.  dig- 
nus.  If  fo,  we  fcarcely  wouid  have  met  with  yfe/e 
thegnas,  mall  fervi  j  hon-thegn^  qui  circa  equos  mi- 
tiillrat,  &c.  It  is  probable  that,  when  the  word 
was  njoft  in  ufe,  every  landholder  was  a  Thane  who 
was  infeft  with  Theme,  q.  vid.  **  Edward,  (the 
**  Confeffor),  grete  mine  Bifceops,  and  mine  Eorles, 
**  and  all  min^  Thegnes  on  than  fliiren,  (jhatjhire), 
*'  whcr  mine  preites  in  Paulus  minifter  habband 
land,  &c."  [Teut.  degen-man,  miles  ;  degen,  glacUus, 
enlis.]  Ab-Thane  occurs  only  in  Scottifli  writings, 
and  is  explained  bj  Fordun,  a  chief  Thane  ;  by  Ma- 
jor, (upon  a  vague  expreflion  o(  ^ovdnn), /enejca//us 
in  infuhs  qui  regios  pro'oentus  collegit ;  and  by  others. 
Up  or  Upper  "Thane.  It  is  rather  difficult,  however, 
to  conceive  that  the  Ab-Thane  of  Kinghorn  was  a 
greater  perfonage  than  the  Thane  of  Fife.  Mr  Pin- 
kerton  contends,  and  with  a  greater  appearance  of 
probability,  that  Ab-Thane  is  Abbot-Thane,  a  Thane 
who  was  alfo  an  Abbot ;  analogous  to  Abba-Comi- 
tes,  explained  by  Du  Cange,  abbates  quifimul  erant 
comites.  Various  other  Thanes  are  mentioned,  as 
Mes-Thane,  Sax.  tnajje-thegn,  facerdos  j  and  VVo- 
ruld-  Ihane,  Sax.  woruld-thegny  Thanus  laicus  feu 
fecularis.  The  derivation  of  Ab  Thane  from  the 
Hebrew  abbas ^  pater  ;  quali,  chief  of  the  Thanes 
feems  altogether  abfurd. 

Thane,  not  well  ronjled^  half-roq/led.  Sax.  thartf  madif 
dus,  humidus. 

Thankfully,  willingly.  Sax.  thanc-full,  contentus, 

Thayn,  'Vh^m,  pane  ofglafs. 

The,  Thics  thigh. 

Theik,  to  thatch.  Sax.  thecan^  tegere.  Tetlt.  dechen^ 
tegcre,  operire,  veftire.  From  this  laft  is  probably 
aerived  the  Engl,  verb  to  deck. 

Theme,  expl.  by  Skene,  "  the  power  of  hewing  fervants 
andjla-oes.  Unto  all  Barronnes  infeft  with  theme, 
their  bondmen,  with  their  bairnes,  gudes  and  geir 

properlie 


Th Th. 

properlie  perteinis,  fwa  that  they  may  dlfpone  there- 
upon at  their  pleafure/*  It  feems  to  be  an  abbre- 
viation of  Sax.  thewe-doniy  fcrvitium,  from  the  verb 
theowiany  mancipare,  in  fervitutem  redigere  ;  thew, 
fervus  ;  thegen  lage^  Thani  jus,  privilegium ;  the- 
nungy  comitatus,  fatellitium,  clientum  turba,  famu- 
litium.  Theme  is  alfo  ^xpl.  team,  offspring. 

Thcmys, /ervants  or  Jlaves  attached  to  the  land\  plural 
of  Sax.  iheoiVf  fervus  ;  on  theowum  micele  aehta^  in. 
fervis  multas  ppffeffiones. 

Theodome,  Thewdome,  (Chaucer,  Thedom),  thrift, 
fuccefs.  Sax.  thean.  Teut.  dyden  or  thliden,  proficere, 
fuccedere. 

Therm,  Tharme,  gut.  Sax.  thearm.  Teut.  darm,  intef- 
tinum  ;  now  more  commonly  Fearn. 

Thetes,  Theets,  or  Feets,  traces,  wherewith  horfes 
draw  a  carriage. 

Theuis  nek,  the  cry  of  the  lapwing  ;  ex  fono. 

Thewis,  qualities,  dijpofitions  ;  originally  cujioms,  regU" 
lations,  manners^  ceremonies.  Sax.  theaw,  inftitutum, 
confuetudo,  mos,  lex. 

Thewit,  expl.  difpofed -,  i.  e.  well  ox  ill  inclined  ;  from 
Thewis  in  the  lenfe  of  qimlities,  manners. 

Thewles,  Thievelefs,  Thawlefs,  fuggijh,  inaSiive,  un- 
thrijty.  See  Dowlefs.  Alio tx^L  cold,  forbidding; 
i.  e.  void  of  good  fenfe  or  manners.  See  Thewis. 

Theyrs,  expl.  tiers  or  yard  arms  of  a  veffel. 

Thick,  intimate .^  familiar  ;  as  in  the  fame  fenfe  are  uf- 
ed  great  and  throng. 

Thiftwis,  thievijh.  Thiftwifly,  thieviJlAy. 

Thig,  to  beg,  to  colhB  a  little  fupply  of  money  or  goods 
upon  fome  extraordinary  occnfion.  Sax.  thicgean.  111. 
thiggia,  accipere. 

Thir,  thefe.  In  fome  cafes  there  feems  no  correfpond- 
ing  Englifh  word ;  as  **  Thir  Ihillings  (which  I 
hold  concealed  in  ray  hand)  are  better  than  thefe 
upon  the  table." 

Thirl,  hondfervant.  Sax.  &  Ifl.  thrael,  fervus  ;  alfo 
the  territory  thirled  or  bound  to  a  particular 
miU. 

Thirl, 


Th.  -. Th. 

Thirl,  to  drill  or  bore.  Sax.  thirlian,  perforate;  thyrely. 

forcimen  ;  alfo  to  furl  (the  fails.) 
Thirlage,  Threllage,  Thirledome,   thraldom^  fervittidef 

bondage  ;  q.  thrallage.  Sax.  &  Ifl.  thrnely  fervitus. 
Thirled,  bound  to  fome  fervitudcy  fuch  as  grinding  the 

corns  at  a  particular  mill.  Sax.  thrall^  fervitus. 
Tho,   then  J  at  that  time  ;  contradled  from  Sax.  t  bonne , 

tunc. 
Thocht,  though y  altho*y  tho*. 

Thole,  Tholl,  more  commonly  Toll   (in  charters  from 
the  crown),  expl.  by  Skeen,  cujloniy  or  that  privi- 
lege of  a  Baron  which  exempts  him  and  his  vaffals 
from  paying  cuftom   upon  goods  fold  or  bought 
■within  the  Barony.     Bradon  interprets  it  to  he  at 
liberty  as  well  to  take  as  to  be  free  from  Toll  or  cuf- 
tom. 
Thole,  to  fuffery  to  endure.  Sax.  tholian.  Goth,  thulatiy 
ittxt.y  tolerare,  pati.  Goth,  thuldu,  patiar  j  tbulaina, 
patientia. 
Thole-mude,  Thoilmude,  patient  or  patiently. 
Thoucht,  fmall  matter.      A   thoucht   lefs,  fomevohat 

lefs. 
Thor,  durancCy  confinement.  Swed.  thory  career. 
Thowlefs.  See  Dowlefs. 

Thraif,  Thrave,  twenty  four  ;  properly,  the  flraw  of 
twenty-four  fheaves  of  corn.     Brit.  Drefuj  twenty- 
four.    Sax.  threafy  manipulus.    Swed.  trafwey  acer- 
vus  fegetum. 
Thraw,  a  fhort  /pace  of  timcy  a  little  nvhiley  a  trice. 
Sax.  thrahy  curfus  temporis,  tempus.     Goth,  thra- 
giany  currere. 
Thvzn^  pangy  agony.  Sax.  threay  affliftio,  inilidllo. 
Thraw,  to  twifi.     Thrawin,  mis-fbapedy  a-wry  ;  hence 
?i[[o  perverfef  of  a  crooked  difpojiiion.     Sax.  thrawariy 
torquere. 
Thrawart,   Thrawin,    crofsy    crofs-grainedy   perverfc, 
(torvus),   from   Thraw,  torquere.      According  to 
Ruddiman,  from  fraward. 
Thraw-cruk,  an  injlrument  for  twi/ling  hayy  &c.  into 
rcper. 

Threip, 


Tli.  —  Th. 

Thfeip,  Threpe,  vehement  affirmation,  dijpuiatioh,  con^ 
tif/ued  argument,  pertinacious  averment, 

Threip,  Threpe,  to  affirm  with  vehemence,  to  aver  bold- 
ly, to  argue  Jlrenuoujly.  Sax.  threapiah^  redar- 
guere. 

Threfiim,  threefold,  conjifling  of  three. 

Threfwald,  threfhold.  Sax.  therfcwold,  litnen. 

Threte,  throng,  crowd,  heap.  Sax.  threat,  turba,  turma^ 
caterva. 

Threte,  to  crowd  into,  to  prefs  into  ;  from  Sax.  threat^ 
turba. 

Thretrs.  expl.  pairs.  *<  His  ftedis  yokkit  war  in  thre- 
tis."  '  G.  Douglas.  Rather  perhaps  the  fame  with 
Thetes,  traces. 

Threttj-fum,  thirty ;  alfo  expl.  fome  thirty,  about 
thirty  i 

Thrid  and  Tein,  a  method  of  letting  arable  ground  for 
the  third  and  tenth,  or  two  fifths  of  the  produce. 

Thrimle,  fame  with  Thirl,  to  drill,  to  bore,  to  prefs 
through  with  difficulty.  Sax.  thyrlian  i  alfo  expl. 
to  ivrejlle,  to  fumble. 

Thring,  to  fling,  throw,  thrufl,  pujh.  Sax.  thringan, 
thriccan,  premere,  comprimere,  urgere,  trudere, 
conculcare. 

Thrift,  to  thrufl,  to  prefs  upon,  to  opprefs,  to  com" 
prefti 

Throeh,  Thruch,  a  fheet  of  printed  paper,  as  a  news 
paper  is  fometimes  called  a /)r«i^,-  from  Teut.  druck^ 
pfeflura,  preflus,  compreffio^ 

Throll,  a  hole,  properly,  a  hole  made  by  drilling  or  bor- 
irig.  See  ThrilL 

Throwgang,  thorough-fare.  Sax.  thurh,  per,  trans. 

Thruch-rtane,  Thruch,  tomb-flone  (placed  horizontally.) 
Sax.  thruh,  farcophagus  ;  which  has  been  conceiv- 
ed to  have  fome  affinity  with  the  preceding  thurh^ 
per,  trans  ;  and  with  Sax.  dure,  oftium  }  if  not  alfo 
with  Thruch,  a  fheet  of  printed  paper.  The  co-in- 
cidence, however,  feems  to  be  merely  accidental. 

Thrung,  did  thring,  flung,  threw.  See  Thring. 

Thrunland,  rollings  tumbling  about  j  q.  trundling. 
Vol.  IV.  H  h  Thryn.fald, 


Th.  Tiv 

Thryn-fald,  three-fold.  Thxyis,  thrice. 

Thud,  llovi^  ^l(\Jii  /iorm  ;  or  the  found  produced  by  any 

of  thefe. 
Thura-fteii,  a  covering  for  the  thumb,  as  the  finger  of  a 

glove. 
Thuort,  othwarf.  A-thuort,  about,  here  and  there. 
Thwaing,  thong.  Sax.  thwang. 
Thwyttel,  whittle.  Sax.  hwitel,  cultellus. 
Thwjtten,  Whytten,  cut  with  a  knife.    Sax.  huyvooden 

me,  formarunt  me. 
Thjne,  thence.  Teutu  dan,  inde,  poflea,  tura. 
Ticht,  Tycht,  Tyte,  right,  straight,  strait-wayf,  direSi- 

ly.  See  Tyte. 
Ticht,  Tycht,  Tyte,  tight,  neat  ;  from  Sax.  tian,  vin- 

cire,  ligare  ;  quafi,  tied, 
Tickatts, placards,  advertifements.  O.  Fr.  etiquette. 
Tid,  Tyde,  time.  Sax.  Ifl.  Swed.  &c.  tid,  tempus. 
Tid,    Tyde,   happened,  fell  out.     Sax.   tidan,  contin- 

gere. 
Tifty^oo^  condition^  state  of  health,  trim  ;  has  prdbaMy 

fome  connexion  with  Toft,  q.  v. 
Tike,  Tyke,  a  dog,  cur.  Ifl.  tiik,  tiig.  Swed.  tik,  cani- 

cula. 
Til,  Till,  to,  unto,  with.  Swed.  till.  Ifl.  tit'. 
Tilt,  account  of,  tidings. 

Timbrell,  Tumbrell,  expl.  by  Skene,   ane  hind  of  tor- 
ment as^  stocks   or  jogges,  quhairwith  craftes-men,  fik 
as  brenvsters  ar  purttfhed  ;  f^ms  to  be  the  fame  with 
Cuck-fl^ule,  q.  vid.     In  England  it  was  alfo  called 
the  thewe. 
Tine,  Tyne,  to  lofe.  Ifl.  /);«?,  amittere. 
Tine,  Tynde,^o  kindle.  Dan.  tende.  Sax.  tendan.  Goth, 
tandjare,  acceildere  ;    whence  perhaps  Ingle,  large 
ffe. 
Tmfale,  Tynfail,  lofs,  forfeiture  ;  from  Tine,  to  lofe. 
Tirl,  Tirr,  Tirf,  to  strip,  to  uncover.  Fr.  tirer. 
Tirleis,  lattice  work. 
Tirlleifl,  Tirlleft,  trelUfed,  latticedj  having  grates..     Fr. 

treillis^  cancelli,  tranfemia. 
Tifchcj  Tyfche,  Tifchey,  Af/f,^»r<//^,-7fl/^.    Yv.  tifu,  a 

fort 


Ti.  r- To. 

fort  of  broad  ribbon,  or  fillet ;  from  Teut.  tq/pche, 
iejchcy  marfupium,  crumena,  mantica,  purfe  ;  fyno- 
nimous  with  the  Swed.  gicerdel  &  Goth,  gairda^ 
zona ;  nih  in  gairdos  aiz,  neque  in  zona  aes.  Mar. 
6.  8. 

Tite,  'I'y^^j  Ji^atched  j  [frona  Sax.  ge-tiorty  trahere,  li- 
gare.] 

Titlene,  hedge-narrow.  Ifl.  tyitlingtir,  pafler. 

Titter,  rathery  fooner  ;  the  compar.  of  Tjte,  ready y 
fion. 

Tittj,  childifli  pronounciation  oijister. 

Tocher,  portiony  dowry.  Sax.  tteean,  betjecan,  traderc, 
aflignare. 

To-cum,  To-gang,  coming  to,  encountery  meeting,  ac- 
^e/s. 

^odi,fox  ;  {(3  called  perhaps  on  account'of  its  deftruc- 
tive  rapacity  among  the  flocks  of  (heep  j  from  Teut. 
dood.  Swed.  &  Dan.  doced.  Ger.  tod,  mors.  Before 
the  country  was  cleared  of  wood,  when  foxes  were 
plenty,  and  flieep  fcarce,  this  animal  mud  have  been 
well  entitled  to  the  appellation  of  the  destroyery  or 
death.  Tod  Lowrie  feems  nothing  more  than  the 
dreary  or  doleful  fox,  as  he  is  ftill  commonly  called 
from  Teut.  treurighy  mjcftus,  dolens,  dolendus. 

Toddy,  Tother,  the  other. 

Todle,  to  walk  with  ajhort  unsteady  step,  like  a  perfon 
in  liquor,  or  a  youfig  child. 

To- fall,  a  f mall  building  tunnexed  to  the  wall  of  a  larger 
one. 

Tohy  expl.  a  place  nvhere  a  manjton-houfe  hath  stood; 
locus  arboribus  minufculis  fonfitus  ;  q.  d.  a  tuft  of 
trees. 

Tolbuith,  prifon  ;  originally  exchequer  j  from  Sax.  & 
Teut.  toly  veftigal,  cenfus,  &  boede.  dpmus. 

Too-fall,  Toofai  of  the  night,  dew-fally  time  of  the  dew 
falling  ;  from  Teut.  douw,  ros.  It  is  explained  by 
Lamb,  "  hefore  night  fall ;  an  image  drawn  from  a 
i"ufpended  canopy,  dropped  fo  as  to  cover  what  is 
Jjelow." 

Toolye, 


To. Tr. 

Toolye,  Tuilye,  to  nurestle^  to  fight,  Teut.  tuyly  labor, 
dolor. 

Torfel,  Torchel,  to  pine  away^  to  die.  Ifl.  thurka.  Swed. 
toriat  ficcare,  abftergere,  afefcere.  Ifl.  tborr^  aridus, 
ficcus. 

Torfeir,  vexation,  injury ^  mif chief ;  nearly  allied  to 
Torfel,  to  pine  aivay  ;  or  perhaps  to  Sax.  steorfa, 
clades,  ftrages.  See  Tarveal,  to  plagtte  or  vex. 

Tort,  injury,  lurongy  trouble.  Fr.  tort,  injuria. 

Tofche,  tight,  neat.  [Fr.  toufe,  clipped,  polled,  pared 
round.]  G.  Douglas  renders  "  cara  pinus"  a  tofche 
fir  tree,  which  feems  not  to  agree  with  the  common 
fignification. 

Tofcheo4erach,  Tochederauch,  expl.  by  Skene,  an  of- 
fict  or  juriJdiBion,  not  unlike  to  ane  Baillierie,Jpecial- 
ly  in  the  Ifies  and  Hielands  ;  or,  as  others  will  have 
it,  the  office  of  a  public  profecutor.  Gael. 

Touk,  a  tug,  pull,  draught,  fit  to.  Sax.  teogan.  Teut. 
tucken,  trahere.  G.  Douglas  ufes  the  Word  i-f  the 
i'enfe  of  stroke,  blow,  Touk  of  drum,  beat  of 
drum. 

Touk,  to  tuck,  to  fasten  ;  variety  of  Stick. 

Toufle,  to  rumple,  to  put  into  diforder,  Touflie,  Toufie, 
dif ordered. 

Tout,  Toot,  found  of  a  horn  ;  tofotmd  a  horn  j  alfo  to 
drink  largely. 

Tow,  Towm,  rope.  Teut.  touvj,  funis,  Swed.  toem, 
habena. 

Towmiint,  Towmon,  corr.  of  tiuelte'inonth. 

Toy,  an  oldfafhion  of  female  head  drefs. 

Trachil.  See  Drable,  to  trail  in  the  mire. 

Trad,  track,  courfe  in  travelling  or  in  failing. 

Trag^tis,  Tregettis,  Tregets,  tricks,  deceits,  decepthns  ; 
feemingly  a  pervierfion  of  tragedies,  both  in  ortho- 
graphy and  meaning  ;  unlefs  we  were  to  fuppofe  it 
to  have  been  foimed  from  the  Fr.  tricoterie,  treach- 
ery, deceit ;  alfo  narrative  poems. 

Traik,  difaster,  mifchief  trouble,  plague,  lofs,  damage  ; 
commonly  ufed  now  for  the  carcafes  of  fheep  ivhich 
have  died  by  difeafe  or  accident.     Sax.  treg^  vexatio, 

tributatio, 


Tr.       ..n      Tr. 

tributatio,  damnum  ;  striCf  (the  fame  word  with  the 
afpiration),  piaga,  peftL. 

Traiftis.  See  Strefs,  a  mode  of  taking  up  accufations. 

Tramort,  dead  body^  corps  ;  from  Lat.  mors. 

Tramp,  Stramp,  to  tread  withforcey  to  trample.  Swed. 
trampa  pu,  concuicare. 

Tramsy  the  poles  ox  Jhafts  of  a  cart.  ^x.  trameau,  a 
fledge. 

Tranoyiu,  Tranownt,  Tranent,  to  pnfs^  to  march  fud~ 
denly. 

Tranfmew,  to  tranjmute  or  change.  Fr.  tranfmuer. 

Trantlims,  injignificant  trifles  or  articles  offurniturf, 

Trappouris,  I'rappours,  trappings. 

Trat,  Fiot,  old  woman,  one  who  has  trotted^  or  trudged 
about  for  a  long  time.  Teut.  traty  grefTus  ;  t ratten f 
gradi.  Rudd'man  thinks  it  has  fome  affinity  with 
Teut.  tateren^  titubare,  balbutire,  to  fpeak  with  j^ 
fhrill  voice.  See  Trattillis. 

Tratoury,  Tray,  treachery  ;  from  Traitour,  Betray, 
&c.  '     ' 

Trattillis,  Tattles,  idlefiories,  old  women'' s  fables. 

TxayllciSffupporters.  Fr.  treil/is,  a  latticed  frame  for 
fupporting  Vine  trees. 

Treit,  Trete,  to  entreat.  Tretabyl,  eafy  to  be  entreat- 
ed. 

Treitcheour,  treacherous  per/on.  Fr.  tricheur. 

Trellyeis,  Trelyeis,  curry-combs.  Fr.  etrille. 

Trenchman,  ex^].  train-bearer ;  rather  perhaps  r^jfr- 
ver ;  from  Fx.  trencher^  fcindere  j  (or  interpreter.^ 
Fr.  trucheman. 

Trene,  Trey n ,  of  tree,  wooden.  Sax.  trtowen,  lig- 
neus. 

Trentallj  afervice  of  thirty  majfes,  upon  as  many  diffe- 
rent day  Sf  for  the  benefit  of  a  departed  foul.  Fr. 

Treft.  See  I  rail! ,  trnfi,  trufiy. 

Treflis,  trefiles.  Fr.  treJleaUy  iripus,  tripoda. 

Treules,  "^rxowAefs,  faithlefs;  truthlefs^falfe. 

Trevifli,  Triffyfli,  aflall,  or  rather  the  partition  between 
twojlalls.  Fr.  tref  trovaifon. 

Trewage,  tribute.  O.  Fr.  truage. 

Trews, 


Tr.  r-  Tr. 

Trews,  troughs.  Dan.  trou^  alveus  ;  alfo  truce  or  peace. 

Trews,  vejiy  hcfe  a/id  breeches  of  one  piece.  Hib.  triusy 
tr'mjan,  laccae  braccae.  Gael,  triuhhnsy  trowfers. 

'J!rc\\ji,prote6l€d  by  a  truce,  aff'uredy  in  confequence 
of  an  engagement  to  be  true  and  taiihful. 

Trig,  neaty  tight,  tricked  up.  £Dan.  tryg,  fafe,  fe- 
cure,] 

Trinle,  Trindle,  to  trundle  or  roll. 

Trinfsh.  Trinch,  to  cut  or  carve  ;  to  hacky  to  kill.  Fr. 
trencher. 

Trippis,J?o<:/5f.  Fr.  troupeau  ,•  from  Sax.  trep^  grex, 
troop. 

Trill, //6?.  Lat.  tri/lis. 

Trocks,  toys^  trinkets.  To  trock,  to  barter  or  exchange 
goods  of/mall  value. 

Trone,  throne.  Fr.  trone.  Teut.  trpone,  thronus. 

Trone,  expl.  the  pillory.  Swed.  torn,  prifon  ;  /org,  the 
market-place.  Trone  feems  alfo  to  have  fignified  the 
public  balance  or  beam,  and  fcales  for  weighing  the 
niore  common  articles  of  I'ubfi'lence  ;  according  to 
Skinner,  from  I'eut.  droneuy  troneUy  nutare,  vacil- 
lare,  vibrare. 

Tropljs,  a  flrange  corr.  of  troops. 

Trowcour,  Trucour,  Trewker,  ofie  who  deals  in  barter- 
ing, a  trucker  ;  from  Trocks,  trinkets. 

Tro- wending,  nvandering  to  and  fro. 

Trublie,  troubled,  muddy.  Fr.  trouhlcj  fame  with 
Drumlie. 

TrufHs,  tricks,  deceits.  To  truff,  tojleal. 

^inWs,  fame  kind  of  childijh  amufement  ;  perhaps  that; 
whir.h  Kilianus  defcribes  under  the  Teut.  word 
drillc,  mola  ex  nuce  cava,  quam  puerili  filo  traje£lo 
verfant ;  q.  d.  nux  verfatilis,  nux  terebrata. 

Trump,  to  deceive,  to  cheat.  Trumpit,  deceived.  Teut. 
trompen. 

Trumpe,  a  trifle,  a  thing  of  fmall  value.  Trompes, 
trumpery,  goods  ox  furniture  of  little  value,  trafh.  Fr. 
tromperie,  fallacy,  delulion,  over-reaching. 

Trumpouris,  deceivers,  cheats  ;  q.  d.  pedlars  who  have 
cnly  trumpery  to  difpofe  of.  See  Trumpe. 

Tryne, 


Tr.  Ty. 

Ttyne,  Trayne,  treachery ,  deceit.  Sax.  tregiafty  vexaie.  • 

Rudd. 
Trjnfch.  See  Trinfch,  to  cut  off.  Fr.  trencher. 
'rryft,  appointffient  to  meet  ;    to  make  an  appointment  to 
meet.  Sax.  iruijjian,  fidem  dare.    Id.  treyjle.    Swed, 
trcejia.     Tryftell  trie,  tryjiing  tree^  or  appointed  place 
of  meeting  in  aforejl. 
Tuay,  Twaj,  two. 
Tuffing,  Toffin,  Coflin,  Jiuffing  of  toiv,  or  the  refvfe  of 

flax  ;  wadding  ;  itova  Tow.  , 

Tuillye,  conteJl,flrife. 

Tulcliin,  Tulchan,  a  calvi s  Jkin  fluffed  with  flraw,  and 
prefented  to  a  cow  to  make  her  yield  her  tfiilk  ;   budget. 
Tume,  empty y  hollow,  vain.  Swed.  torn,  vacuus. 
Tume,  Teme,  to  empty,  to  pour  or  throw  out. 
Tuquheit,  Tuechit,  the  lapwing  ,'    an  ijnitation  of  its 

note. 
Tarcais,  Turkifh  ;  may  alfo  fignify  the  turquoife^  a  pre- 
cious ftone.  Fr. 
Tureomes,  Vol.  II.  p.  i68.  clotted fllth  ;  perhaps  from 

Teut.  drcecky  fordes.  l^^t.  Jiercus. 
Turdion,  a /pedes  of  galUard  or  gay  dance.  Fr.  tordit/n.' 
Turkes,  pincers,  nippers.  Armor,  turqucs.  Fr.  tire-clou  ; 

or  corr.  abbrev.  of  Teut.  trek  tang,  forceps. 
Turnay,  Turney,  to  contend  or  flght  in  a  tournttmeut-- 

Fr.  tournois. 
Turn-pyk,  the  winding  flairs  of  a  tower. 
Tufche.  See  Tifche,  girdle,  belt,  purfl. 
Tute-movvit,  having  prominent  lips. 
Twa,  two.  Twal,  twelve. 

Twiche,  to  touch.  Twichand,  touching,  concerning. 
Twinter,  Quinter,  a  ewe  in  her  third  year^  or  after 

"  two  winters.'** 
Twiflj  twig,  branch.  Teut.  twifl,  ramalia. 
Twyne,  Twinne,  to  part  with,  to  be  feparated ;  q.  d. 

to  be  made  twain. 
Twyners,  'Ywjxw-j^,  pincers,  nippers. 
Tyd,  time,feafon.  Sax.  tidy  tempus,  opportunitas. 
Tyde,  to  betide,  to  happen.  Sax.  tidan^  contingere,  acci- 
dere. 

Tvdr 


Ty.  -4_  Tjf. 

Tjdy,  well  made i  handfome,  proper  in  appearance.  Teut. 

tiidigJjf  maturus,  oportunus.     Ifl.  tydr^  obfequens, 
applicabilis,  amicus. 
Tyift,  Tyft,  to  entice,  allure^Jiir  up.  Fr.  attifer. 
Tymbrell,  Tymbret,  Tymber,  the  crejl  of  a  helmet. 

Fr.  timbre.  Teut.  timmer  ;  a  term  in  heraldry  of  the 

fame  import. 
Tymmer.  TyjQbour,  tambour.,  drum.  Tymraer  weycht, 

fuch  a  •weicht  or  Jieve  as  could  anfnver  the  purpofe  of 

a  drum.  See  Weycht. 
Tympanis,  drums,  tambours.  Lat. 
Tyndis,  Tynes,  the  horns  of  a  hart^  properly  the  tines 

of  the  horns.     Harrow-tynes,  the  teeth  of  a  harrow. 

8 wed.    harf-tinnar.     Jfl.  tinne,   dens.     Teut.  tinne^ 

pinna. 
T^ne,  to  lofe.     Tynt,   lofl.     Ifl.  tyne^  perdere  ;  tyndcy 

perdidi ;  iyndur^  perditus.  [|Swed.  t'jna  of  o'onfumi, 

to  wafte,  to  confume.] 
Tyne,  to  diminijh,  to  marr  ;  literally,  to  draw  tht  teind, 

or  tenth  of 
Tjr\£t]yTiui?i\&,  lofs,  forfeiture  ;  from  Tyne. 
Tyrr,  Tyrl,  Tirle,  ^«//,  thronVfJirip,  dranv. 
Tyrryt,  Tyrlit,  Tirrytf  fript  naked.  Fr.  tirer^  triihere. 
Tyflyre^  cafe^  rover.  Lat.  te^a. 
Tyt   fnatched  quickly^  feized  quickly,  drew   or  pulled 

quickly. 
Tyte,  Als  tyte,  have  the  fame  meaning  in  G.  Douglas 

v/ith  fiuithj  and  alsfwyth,  viz.  injlantl^y  quick  foon. 

Ifl. /z«,  promptus.  ^ 


Uder, 


XJd.  Un. 


U. 


Uder,  Uddyr,  other';  nearer  to  the  Fr.  autre  than  to 
mod  of  the  Northern  correfponding  words.  Sax.  o- 
ther.  Swed.  &  Teut.  under.   Lat.  alter. 

^5g,  to  detejl  on  account  of  horrid  appearance  or  quality. 
Goth.  ogan.  111.  ugga,  metuere,  timere. 

Ugfum,  hideous ,  frightful y  horrible.  Ugfumnefs,  hide., 
oufnefs  ;  from  Sax.  oga^  horror,  txmor. 

Umaft,  Ummeft,  upmofly  uppermof.  Sax.  ufemefi,  fu- 
premus,  fummus.  The  Umall  clais  claimed  bj  the 
prieft  at  a  funeral  was  probably  the  fbeet  which  co- 
vered the  body. 

Umbedraw,  to  withdraw.  ^mbedrew,  withdrew  ; 
**  the  initial  particle  um  or  un  having  here  an  i«ten- 
flve  fignification,  as  in  un-loofe^"*  and  in  various  o- 
ther  inilances. 

Umberaucht,  (Umberauftit),  expl.  ^«3«r<7^^;  or  ra- 
ther/A«o/(?,/)«r/«^(:/;  q.  raucht. 

IDmberforow,  hardy,  finny  not  eajily  to  be  injured.  Teut. 
on-heforghty  or  on-bekommefty  free  of  care  ;  beforgeriy 
curare. 

Umbefchew,  (^p.  Dougl.)  to  efchew  or  avoid. 

Umbefet,  befet  round  about,  furrounded.  Umbefettis, 
attacks,  fets  upon.  Ifl.  um,  om,  about. 

Umbefiege,  Umbefege,  to  bejiege,  to  lay  fiege  to  on  all 
Jides. 

Umbethought,  duely  conftdered-,  revolved  in  the  mind. 

Umquhil,  Umquhyle,  by  Mr  Macpherfon,  (editor  of 
Winton's  Chronicle,)  and  by  Mr  Pinkerton,  expl. 
fometimes.  But  more  commonly  it  is  ufed  in  the 
fenfe  oi  fometime  ago,  of  old,  and  adjecflively  for  late, 
deceafed.  See  Quhilom ;  from  which  Umquhyle  feems 
to  be  fornied  by  a  tranfpofition  of  the  fyllables. 

UnabayiTit,  Unabafyt,  undaunted,  without ffjame. 

Uncorne,  (Gaw.  Dougl.)  expl.  wild  oats.  To  fow  his 
\oi.,  IV.  I  i  uncorn. 


Va.  Un. 

uncorn,  io  put  an  end  to  his  youtJjful  foLlies.     fSwed. 

ugn.     Goth.   auIjHy  oven,   fornax,  furnus  ;  q.  d.  to 

fow  corn  which  had  been  baked  in  an  oven  or  dried 

in  a  kiln.] 
jjncredyble,  incredulous^  unhelievingy  who   will  not  be-^ 

lieve  ;  as  Vengeabil  for  bringing  vengeance  or  mif- 

chief. 
Uncunnandnefs,  want  of  knowledge  or  /kill. 
XJncutJi,  now  Unco,  unktiown^  Jirange.     Sax.  uncuth, 

incognitas,  alienus  ;  alfo  very  \   as  Unco  glad,  very^ 

or  unujually  glad.    The  meaning  of  the  woid  is  now 

confiderably  changed. 
Undegell,  raj}],  imprudent ^  untimely.  See  Degeft- 
Undeipj^/i/Zo-u;.  Undeipis,7Z»a//oat;/)/afw.  Teut.  ond'up. 
Undemit,  Un-demtnjt,  un-cenfured  ;  from  S'.xx.  dcmauy 

cenfere,  judicare. 
Under-gore,  in  ajlate  oj" leprous  eruption. 
Under-lout,  tojloop  or  fuhmity  to  befubdued,  to  he  fub' 

je6i.  See  Lout. 
Uuder-ly,  to  undergo,  to  ly  under^  tqfuffer. 
Undo,  to  explain^  unfold y   wiravely  dtfclcfe. 
Une,  oven.  Swed.  ugn^  omn.  Goth,  auhn,  fornax. 
Undocht,  a  filly  weak  perfon^  a  coward.    See  Douchtj. 
Uneith,  Uneth,  Uneift,  and  with  other  flight  varia- 
tions, not  eajtlyy  fcarcely.     Sax.  uneithe,    vix.     Sep 

Eith. 
Un-erdit,  unburied  ;  from  Erde,  to  bury. 
Unfery,  infrm,  ina£iive,  heavy.  See  Ferie  &  Ferj. 
Unforlatit,  not  forfaken,  frejht  new.   See  Forleit. 
Unfrend,  enemy  ;  as  Lat.  inimicus  from  in-amictts. 
Unganand,  unfty  not  becoming.  See  Gane,  to  beftffficient 

for. 
Un-gearit,   fame    with  DifplcniJIiedy  f  ripped,   robhed, 

emptied.  See  Gtlr,  goods,  furniture. 
Uit-halfit,  not  fainted  ;  from  Halfe,  to  falute. 
Un-heilded,  uncovered.  See  Heild,  to  cover  up. 
Unirkyt,  unwearied ;  a-kin  to  the  Engl,  impeis.  verb, 

*»  it  irketh  me,"  tadet. 
Unlaw,  a  fine  ox  fated  legal  amerciament  paid  in  money 

or  goods  for  tranjgrejjion  of  the  law  j  from  o«,  pri- 

vativa  particula,  &  law  or  lauch,  lex. 

TJn.leful, 


Un.  Un. 

t?u-lcful,  Un-leil,  unlawful.  See  Leful,  lawful. 

ITii-leif,  unpleafant^  ungrateful.  Teut.  lief,  gr^tus,  caruS. 

Un-lufTum,  (Un-lftufum^,  un-lovely,  un-kindly  ;  q.  w/z- 
.  love/ome. 

Unpylalit,  at  liherty,  loofe.  See  VyizVw.^  fecured  S^c. 

Un-qutiit,  (Bp.  Dou^l.)  not  enquired  after. 

Un-rebutit.  not  reptdfcdy  not  overcoine  ;  from  Ff.  rebuter, 
to  repulfe,  to  difcourage. 

Unrule  ;  Abbot  of  Unrule,  a  kind  of  temporary  Maf 
ter  of  Revels,  whofe  office  it  was  to  Inperintend  and 
regulate  the  fpbits  which  were  exhibited  for  the  en- 
tertainment of  the  common  people  at  the  higher 
feftivals,  particularly  at  Yule  or  the  Kalends  of  Ja- 
nuary. Hence  in  England  he  was  called  the  Chrifl- 
mas  Lord,  or  Abhot  of  Mis-rule.  In  Scotland,  it  is 
probable  that  perfons  of  this  defcription  were  ap- 
pointed, as  in  England,  not  only  at  the  Colleges  and 
principal  religious  houfes,  but  in  every  borough  or 
market  town,  ("where,  it  appears,  they  were  chofen 
by  the  magiftrates),  and  at  the  feats  or  caftles  of  the 
greater  Bar6ns.  **  To  the  Chriftenmaffe  Lord,  fays 
Polydore  Virgil,  all  the  houfliold  and  familie,  with 
the  tnafler  himfelf,  miill  be  obedient ;  the  office  ha- 
ving its  origin  in  that  equality  which  the  fervants 
were  fulifered  to  enjoy  in  common  with  their  maf- 
ters  at  the  antient  Saturnalia  which  were  cele- 
brated at  the  fame  feafon  of  the  year."  The  appel- 
lation is  probably  co-eval  wiih  the  Englifb  lan- 
guage ;  and  the  office  itfelf,  with  the  eftabliihment 
of  Chriftianity.  In  a  decree  of  Pope  Innocent  I. 
A.  D.  408,  we  find  thefe  words,  which  evidently 
allude  to  fome  fuch  perfons  as  the  Abbots  of  Un- 
rule :  *'  Prieterea,  frequenter   quidam  ex  fratribus 

^  noftris,  curiales  vel  quihvflihet  puhlicis  funBionihus 
occupatos  clericos  facere  contendunt,  &c.— -Conftat  eos 
in  ipfis  muniis  etiam  voluptates  exhibere,  quas  a 
Diabolo  inventas  efle  non  eft  diibium  ;  et  ludorum 
lel  viunerum  apparatibus  praejfe,  &c."  The  27th 
Canon  of  a  General  Council  held  in  the  fame  year, 
fets  forth  that  ••  thofe  feafls  which  are  oblerved  in 

many 


Un.  Un. 

many  places,  and  which  arc  borrowed  from  Gentile 
or  Pagan  error,  ought  to  be  prohibited,  efpecially 
Unce  in  fome  cities  men  fear  not  to  keep  them  even 
upon  the  principal  holjdays,  and  in  the  very 
churches  :  On  which  days  alfo,  they  ufe  moft  wick- 
ed dances  through  the  villages  and  ftrcets  ;  fo  that 
the  honour  of  the  matrons,  and  the  modefty  of  num- 
beilefs  women  are  aflaulted  with  lafcivious  injuries." 
And,  by  the  G.  Counc.  A,  D.  614,  *»  it  is  declared 
to  be  unlawful,  upon  the  Kalerids  of  January,  (or 
Chr'i/imas  Holiday s^^  to  make  any  filthy  plays, 
(yecola  vel  cervula^^  &.C."  Alfo  from  the  16th 
Canon  of  the  8th  Gen.  Counc.  A.  D.  867,  we  learn 
that  "  it  was  an  annual  cuftom  in  Princes  courts  to 
attire  fome  lay-man  in  epifcopal  robes,  who  in  the 
tonfure  and  other  ornaments  fhould  a£t  the  part  of 
a  Biiliop,  &c."  all  which  proceedings  are  cenfured 
and  prohibited  under  fevere  penalties.  The  fame 
cenfures  and  prohibitions  are  repeated  from  century 
to  century  down  to  the  time  of  the  Reformation. 
'Ihefe  Holiday  fports,  even  in  the  earlieft  periods, 
feera  to  have  been  generally  of  a  dramatic  nature, 
from  the  manner  in  which  die  aftors  are  mentioned 
in  the  contemporary  Councils  ;  for  example,  "  co- 
micos  aut  viros  fcenicos  ; — de  agitatoribus  five  thea- 
tricis  ; — fpeftacula  fecularia  ;  fcenicis  atque  hiltrio- 
jiibus  ;  fpeftacula  theatrorum ;  hiftriones  ac  turpi- 
tudinibus  fubjecli  peifonse  ;  eo3  qui  dicuntur  mi- 
mos,  &c," — all  which  expreffions  occur  in  ecclefiaf- 
tical  Conftitutions  before  the  year  680.  Had  it  not 
been  for  the  A£l  61.  1555,  we  fliould  fcarcely  have 
known  that  the  cuftom  of  ele6ling  a  Lord  of  Un- 
reafon  had  ever  been  obferved  in  Scotland.  That 
A61:  alone  is,  however,  a  fufficlent  evidence. 

tJn-faucht,  dijlurhedy  difordered,  troubled.  See  Saucht, 
peace. 

Un-fel,  unhappy,  unluckyy  mifch'ie'uous  ,•  alfo  expl.  ill- 
luck  ^  misfortune.  See  Sely,  happy  ;  from  Coih.felf 
bonus  ;  unfe/y  malus. 

Unfeily,  Un-filly,  Un-faul,  fame  with  Unfel,  unhappy. 

Un-fonfy? 


Un m. 

tJn-ionfy,  tviluc^jf  ;  mifchievons.  ?iQe  Sons ,  profperify. 

Untellybill,  Un- tellable,  unfpeakable,  infandus. 

Unthrifty,  ufed  bj  Bp.  Douglas  for  unfriendly^  i.  c. 
who  oppcfed  your  thrift  ox  prof  perky. 

\5n\.xtX.-d}Qy\\,'mexorahle  ;  who  cannot  be  prevailed  upon 
by  intreaty.  Fr.  intraitable. 

Un-warnift,  univarved.  Un-warneftly,  unwarily^ 

Un-waryit,  not  acciirfed.    See  Wary,  to  damn. 

Un-\vemmyt,  Un-wennyt,  utfpotted,  unjlained,  without 
hleniifh  \  from  Sax.  wem^  wemtJie,  macula,  labes,  now 
wane  or  wayn,  a  morbid  tumour. 

Un-vverd,  misfortune,  fad  fate^  ruin;  from  wefd  or 
weird,  chance,  fate. 

Un-witting,  Un-\vittinlie,  not  knowing,  unadvifedly, 
rafjjly  ;  from  Teut.  nveten,  fcire. 

Un-wroken,  un-reijenged ;  from  Wroik,  to  vent  or  exe- 
cute vengeance. 

Up-a-land,  at  a  difance  from  the  fea,  in  the  countrv, 
riijiic. 

Up-buller,  to  boil  or  throxv  up  ;  to  fpring  up,  in  the 
manner  of  a  well. 

Up-he,  Up-heis,  to  lift  up  or  exalt.  Up-heit,  exalted, 
Up-hefir,  raifcd  up,  exr^lted. 

Up-rend,  to  render  or  give  up  ;  q.  to  up-rendet. 

Up  fet,  infurreBion,  mutiny.  Swed.  upp-fat. 

Up-welt,  threw  vp.  See  Welt. 

Up-wreile,  to  raife  or  lift  up  with  difficulty.  See  Wreil. 

Ure,  chance,  luck,  *'  as  we  fay  good  luck,  bad  luck  ; 
but  without  any  addition,  generally  underftood  of 
good  fortune,''^  O.  Fr.  &  Arm.  cur,  hap,  luck,  for- 
tune, chance. 

Uiifum,  Eiryfum,  fearful,  fr  -m  being  in  a  ftat?  of 
difmal  folitude  ;  afraid  of  holagoblins.  See  Eiry. 

Ute ranee,  Outrance,  de/iruLiiin,  [Fr.  cultrav.ce,  extre*. 
mitr,  excefs.] 


Wa, 


Wa.  Va. 


V.    w. 


Wa,  Wae,  Way,  nvoy  forrowy  forrowful. 

Wzchls, Jentinels.  Wache-cr j,  pafs-ivord. 

Wacht.  See  Waught,  to /will. 

Wad,  "^TLgi^t  pledge y pawn.  Wadds,  a  youthful  amufe- 

ment  wherein  much  ufe  is  made  of  pledges.     Wad, 

Wage,  alfo  as  a  verb  to  wager.  Sax.  wal^  pigniis. 
Waddin, y?ro«^  ,-  like  two  pieces  of  iron  beat  into  o:jc. 

See  Weld. 
Wadfet,   a  contraci  by  •which  a  debtor   mahes  over  his 

land  to  his  creditor ^  to  be  redeemed  on  payment  of  the 

debt  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  alienate  lands  or  tenements 

under  reverjion ;    from  iVady  pignus,  and  Set,   lo- 

care. 
Waf,  Waif,  Waith,  wanderings  that  has  no  owner ^  that 

has  been  founds  and  not  likely  to  be  claimed.     Fr. 

qttaife,  beftia  erratica.  Ifl.  vo/af  wofa^  oberrare. 
Wageour,  Vageoiir,  Vager.  a  mercenary  foldier  5   from 

Wage,  Jiipendiumy  as  Soldier  or  Soldat  from  Germ. 

foldy  merces,  ftipendium. 
Waide,  to  penetrate ^  pojjefs,  or  employ  (one's  thoughts.) 
Waif,  Waf,  a  hajly  motion  ;  alfo  to  move  orjhake.  Sax. 

ivflfiany  vacillare,  fludluare. 
Vaig,  Vag,  to  roam  or  wander.    Teat,  waeghen,  wacg- 

helen^  movere,  moveri,  hue  illuc  volvere,   motitare. 

Henee  Stravaig. 
Waigle,  t9  move  inn  tottering  or  unjleady  manner.  Tent. 

vcneghelcnf  hue  illuc  volvere. 
Vaik,  Vake,  Waik,  to  be  vacant  or  unoccupied,  fpoken 

of  an  office  or  benefice.     Olherwife,  it  may  fignifj 

to  play  or  make  merry ^  to  fpend  the  time  idly  ;  alfo  to 

wait,  to  watch,  to  ponder,  or  Jludy.     Teut.  waeckerr, 

lucubrare,  elucubrare.  Lat.  vacare. 
Vaikans,  Vacains,  time  of  vacation. 


Va.  ,      Wa. 

Vail,  Wail,  a  valley.  Valis,  valleys. 

"VVail,  Awail,  Awale,  to  go  ox  fall  down  ;  to  carry  one's 

felf  down.  See  Awail. 
Wail,  expl.  the  wale  or  ivnil  of  a  JJjip  ;  i.  e.  "  the  out- 
mod  timbers  in  a  fliip's  fide,  on  which  men  let  their, 
feet,  when  they  clamber  up." 
Wail,  Weal.  See  Wale,  to  pick  out  or  choofe  ;  and  vvllh 

various  other  fignifications. 
Vailje  quod  vailye,  happen  luhat  may,  at  all  adventure, 
be  the  ijfue  whnt  it  may.     Fr.  vaille  que  vaille,  valeat 
quantum  valeie  poteit. 
Waim,  Vame,  '^xomh,  belly. 

Wain,  Wane,   the  conflellation  called  Charles's  wain  or 
waggon.     Tcut.  waeghen^   jSeptentriones,  Ai6los,  fi- 
dus  fimile  plaufiro. 
Waipen-fliaw,  Wappinfliaw,y?»(?u'  of  arms  or  weapons, 
a  fort  of  milita)  y  review  ;  "  fwa  that  by  learning  of 
ordour    and  bearing  of   their  weapons   in  time  of 
peace,  men   may  be   the  mair  expert  to  put  them- 
felves  in  order  haiftylie   in  time   of  need."     Teut. 
ivapenfchouwing^  armiluftrium.     The  firft  time  that 
Wupinfchaw   is   mentioned  in   the  Scottifli  Statute 
book,  is  under  the  reign  of  William  the  Lion,  or  a- 
bout  the  year  1200.    "  Itcm^  it  is  (latute;,  that  Wa- 
pinfchaw  fal  be  keiped  and  haldin  — He  quhahas  fif- 
tene  pond  land,   or  fourtie  marks  worth  in  move- 
able goods,  fall  have  ane  horfe,  an  habergeon,  ane 
knapifkay  Cor  helmet)  of  iron,  ane  fword,  aue  dag- 
ger.    He  quha  hes  fourtie   fchilling  land  or  mair, 
xmtill  ane  hundreth  fchilling  laud,  fall  have  ane  bow 
and  arrowes,  ane  dagger,  and  ane  knife. — He  qulia 
has  les  nor  foui  tie  fchilling  land,  fall  have  ane  hand 
axe,  ane  bow  and   anows  ;    And   all   others  quha 
may  have  armour,  fall  have  ane  bow  and   arrows 
out-with  the  forreft  ;    and   within  the  forreft,  ane 
bow,  ane  pyle.  The  60th  Statute  of  James  ].  A.  D. 
J 425  J  and  the  3111  of  James  IV.  A.  1).  1491,  are 
nearly  the  fame  with  refpe6l  to  the  articles  cf  ar- 
mour :  Thofe  of  James  II.  and  HI.  are  of  a  more 
fjeneral  nature.    The  91(1  of  James  V.  A,  D.  1540, 


Wa Wa. 

is  the  firft  which  contains  particular  orders  with  re- 
fpcd  to  the  mode  of  arrangement :  It  ordains  that 
the  ScherifFs,  Magiflrates,  &.c.  with  the  King's 
Commiflloners,  at  every  Weaponfchawing,  after  en- 
rolling the  names,  fall  chiiifc  ane  able  man  for  eye- 
rie parochin,  or  maa,  as  it  is  of  greatnefs,  quha  fai  be 
Cajitaine  or  Captaines  to  the  Cumpanies  of  the 
faidis  parbchinis,  and  fall  learn  theoi  to  gang  in  or- 
dourc,  and  beare  their  weapons,  and  fall  conveene 
their  faidis  Cumpanies  twife  at  the  leaft  in  the 
monethes  of  Maj,  Jnne,  and  July,  and  there  exerce 
them  in  maner  forefaid."  The  A61  fpecially  pro- 
vides, that  *'  na  maner  of  weapons  be  admitted  in 
IVeopofiJchawirigs  bot  fpeaxcs,  pikes,  ftark  and  lang, 
of  fax  eines  of  length,  Leith  axes,  halbardes,  hand- 
bows  and  arrows,  croce  bowes,  culveringx,  and  twa 
handed  fwords."  An  A£l  of  the  next  Parliament, 
held  in  the  fame  year,  viz.  March  14th  15^0,  fets 
forth,  that  "  becaufe  the  fchot  of  gunnes,  hagbuttes, 
and  uther  fmall  aitaillarie,  no  we  commonly  ufed  iu 
all  cunttles,  is  fa  fellofl,  and  un-efchewable  to  the 
pith  and  high  courage  of  noble  and  valyieant  men, 
ttc.  It  is  therefore  ordained,  that  every  landed  man 
fall  have  ane  hagbutte  (or  fmall  cannon^  of  founds 
(iaji  metaV)  with  calms,  {luouldsy)  bullettes  and  pil- 
lockes  of  lead  or  iron,  with  powder  convenient 
thereto,  for  everie  hundrcth  pound  oi  \zndi  thathehes 
of  new  extent :  And  he  that  has  bot  ane  hundreth 
mark  land,  fall  have  twa  culverings,  (Jarge  muJJiets  r) 
And  ilk  man  havaiid  fourtie  pound  land,  fall  have 
ane  culvering  with  calms,  leade  and  powder  gain- 
and  thereto,  with  treaftes,  {treajles  or  tripods,)  to  be 
at  all  times  ready  for  fchutting  of  the  faid  hagbuttes, 
&c.  And  that  everie  Kirkman  furnifh  fik-Lke  ar- 
taillarie  to  be  fchawin  at  W enpon-fchawings ,  after 
the  availe  and  quantity  of  their  temporal  landes  : — 
That  Ladies  of  conjunct  fte  and  life- rent  fall  furnifli 
effeirand  to  the  quantity  of  their  living:  And  every 
merchant  who  exported  goods  to  the  extent  of  a 
Lajf,   was  ordered  to  bring  home  f.va  hagbuttes  uf 

crcchert, 


Wa.  W5. 

<:focherf,  (Fr.  de  la  croct}  or  maa,  as  his  pack  may 

furnifh,  or  elfe  as  meikle  metall  as  will  make  the 

faides  l)agbuttis,  with  powder  effeirand  thereto.    A 

lubfequent  ftatute  (unpubliflied)  ordains  that  *'  the 

greater  towns  fliould  mak  carts  of  weir,  and  in  ilk 

cart  twa  gunnis." 
Vaiit,  Waift,  luajlet   defolatCy   empty  ;  and  figuratively, 

vain^  as  the  Lat.  inanis. 
Wair,  Ware,  to  expend^  fpoken  not  only  of  moneys  but 

of  timeyfacultiesy  &c.     Dan.  iveria,  vendere  ;    quafi^ 

to  exchange  money  for  wares.  Swed.  wara.  Sax.  wa- 

rUf  mercimentum,  mere* 
Waird,    confinementy  priforiy    ward  or   cujlody.     Tcut. 

%vaerde,  cuftodia  ;  alfo  to  imprifon.     Teut.  ivaerden^ 

cuftodire,  obfervare,  defenderc. 
Wait,  Vait,  to  know.  I  wait  not,  or  wait  well,  /  know 

noty  or  know  well.    Teut.  luetenf  fcire,  cognitum  ha- 
bere. Swcd.  weta. 
Waiter,  water.  Teut.  luaeter,  aqua.  Sax.  water.  Goth. 

watins. 
Waith,  expi.  danger.  See  Waf,  wandering. 
Waithman,  expl.  wanderer y  hunter  ;  alfo  ivatchman. 
Wak,  Walk,  moijl ;  alfo  cloudsy  ivairy  clouds.     Teut. 

wacky  tepidus,  humidus,  madens,  liquidus  ;  wack 

wedevy  cselum  uvldum,  aer  humidus. 
Wak,  Wauk,  to  drefs  woollen  cloth  by  thickening  ity  &c. 

Swed.  walka. 
Wak,  Vak.  See  Vaik,  Waik,  to  he  unoccupied,  &c. 
Wake,  to  wander.  Ifl.  vacka.  Lat.  vagor, 
Vaken,  Waken,  toroufe.     Vaknyd,  Waknyd,  roufed. 

Teut.  wecken,  excitare  e  fomno. 
Wakryfe,    Vaikryfc,    wakeful,   not  difpofed   to  fleep ; 

flightly  corrupted  from  Teut.  waeckigh,  infomnis^ 

vigilans. 
Walaway,  Waladay,   an  interjciiion  of  grief  or  pity. 

Sax.  wela  wa,  eheu,  proh  dolor. 
"^TiX^y  the  plain y  the  ground.    Sax.  woA/,  planities.    Ifl. 

wolly  campus. 
Wale,  Wail,  the  hefl,  the  privilege  of  picking  out  the  befi. 

Teut.  nvaeUy  optio,  eledlio. 

Vol.  IV.  K  k  Wale^ 


Wa.   W». 

Wale,  Wall,  Weal,  Wjle,  to  pick  out^  either  the  befi 
or  worft  ;  but  more  commonly  to  choofe;  that  which 
is  left  behind,  or  the  refufe  being  termed  the  out- 
ivales.  Germ,  ivelen.  Goth,  nualian.  Swed.  ivcelia, 
eligere.  Ifl.  vel,  eligo  ;  valde^  elegi  j  valenn,  eleftus. 
Teut.  waif/p,  optic,  eledtio.  This  verb  does  not  ap- 
pear in  the  Belgic  or  Anglo-Saxon. 

Wale,  Wail,  to  avail.  Walis,  avails. 

Wales,  (Reg.  Maj.)  for  Walls,  ivellsy  confecrated 
ivells,  to  which  people  went  in  pilgrimage. 

Walgeous,  Valgeous,  (Barb.  Bruce,)  expl.  galant. 

Walkin,  fame  with  Vaken  or  Waken,  to  roufe  or  a- 
ivake.  Y-walkynnjt,  roufed  or  anvakedj  alfo  to 
•watch.  Walkrife,  luatchfuly  infomnis. 

Wall,  a  -wave.  Wallis,  tuaves.  Teut.  nualley  unda, 
fluftus,  abyflus,  profundum.  Douglas  has  Wally  i€ 
for  the  fea  full  of  loaveiy  mare  fluftivagum. 

Wall.  See  Weld,  to  join  by  beating  together. 

Wallop,  to  move  fwiftly^  and  with  ?nuch  agitation  of  the 
body  or  deaths ;  doubtlcfs  of  the  fame  origin  with 
Engl,  gallopy  and  Fr.  galloper  ;  G.  being  frequently 
changed  into  J^,  and  e  contra,  as  in  guard  to  waird. 

Wallow,  to  nviiher  or  decay.  Wallowing,  withering, 
pining  away,  fading.  Sax.  wealowian,  exarefcere. 
[^Theot.  ualy  flavus.] 

Wally,  expl.  chofen^  beautiful^  large.  Wally-djs,  gew- 
gaws. 

Wally-drag,  outcafi,  refufe  ;  nearly  the  fame  with  Out- 
wale  j  and  probably  from  the  fame  origin. 

Walroun,  wizard,  forcerer,  witch.  Ifl.  allruna,  magus. 
Theot.  alruna,  mulier  faga,   feu  fatidica,  from  rune, 
fecretorum  confcius  vel  confcia  ;    and   the  intenfive  ^ 
particle  all,  q.  d.  admodum  fapiens. 

Walfh,  Wailih,  Wairfli,  infipid,  waterifh,  without  fait. 
Teut.  walghigh,  naufeofus  ;  walghen,  naufeare ; 
lualghe,  naufea. 

Walfhnefs,  Werflinefs,  inftpidity  ofiafle. 

Waltir.  See  Weltir,  to  roll,  tofs,  or  tumble, 

Wamb,  Wame,  womb,  belly.  Goth,  wctmbay  venter. 
'  Wamfler,  expl.  debauchee. 

Wamill, 


Wa.  "Wa. 

Wamlll,  Wamble,  to  move  in  a  writhing  mannery  as  a 

ferpent  upon  its  belly  ;  from  Wame,  luomhy  belly. 
Wan,  did  luon.  Wan  before,  got  before. 
Wan-cafe,  unenfmefs^  trouble,  vexation. 
Wan-couth,   (^Bp.    Douglas,)    Uncouth,  Jlrange. 
Wand,  poivery  dominion.    Thus  in  Reg.  Majes.    "  The 

wife  is  under  her  huiband's  wand  and  power,"  fub 

virga  maiiti  fui  ;  from  nvand  or  fcepter,   the  badge 

of  dignity  and  power. 
Wander,  fame  with  Wandreth,  forronvy  mijhap. 
Wan-dought,  puny  y  feeble. 
Wandreth,  Wanreth,  expl.  unenfinefsy  trouble,  vexation y 

from  Teut.  negative  particle   ivan,   un  ;  &  rouiue, 

vel  rejly  quies  ;   feems  nearly  allied  to  Wan-rufe,  q. 

vid. 
Wandyft,  Vandyft,  corr,  oi  vanijhed  ;  exp\.  failed. 
Wane,  habitation,  place  of  abode.  Wanys,  dwellings  ;  in 

O.  Engl,  authors,  Wone  and  Wones.     Teut.  woon, 

habitatio,  habitaculum.  See  Won,  to  dwell. 
Wane,  Wein,  opinion,  prejudice.     Swed.  waen,  opinio 

incerta,  fufpicio,  fpes. 
Vane-organys,  expl.  the  temple  arteries. 
Wangrace,  q.  Un-grace,  'wickednefs,  want  of  grace  ;  in 

the  fenfe  of  goodnefs  or  virtucy  as  ufed  by  Shake- 

fpearc. 
Wangyle,  Vangile,  contr.  of  Evangile,  ^oy^!'^^- 
Wan  hap.  Van-hap,  misfortune  ;  q.  un-  hap,  un-luck, 
Wan-hope,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  ^x^.  vain  hope.  [Teut.  wan- 

hope,  defperatio.] 
Wan-las,  inter jeBion  of  grief  or  pity. 
Wan-luck,  misfortune,  ill  lucky  q.  un-luck. 
Wan-reek,  mtjchance,   ruin.     [Teut.  wan-raecky  cafns 

fortuitus.] 
Wan-rufe,   uneafy,   dlfquieted,  perverfe  ;    from  Teut. 

reouwgy  quies.     See  Wanreth,   probably  the  fame 

word. 
Wan-ruly,  diforderlyy  unruly. 
Wan-fchaipen,  deformed.  Teut.  wanfchaepeny\n{oxva\5f 

impcrfeftus. 
Wan- thrift,  extravagance  ;  q.  tn  ihriftynefs. 

Wan-trow, 


Wa.  Wa. 

"Wan-trow,  to  dijlrujl.  Teut.  wan-tr^uv^ttiy  diffidere. 
Wan- weird,  unhappy  fate^  hard  fortune.     See  Weirdy 

fatCy  dejl'tny. 
Wan-wyt,  nuant  of  knoivledge.  Teut.  wanwete. 
Wap,  Wip,  Oup,  to  bind  around.     Goth,  wtppia,  coi- 

rona. 
Wap,  Whap,  Quhap,  tojlrike  or  beat.    [Teut.  wnpper^ 

flagellum.] 
VilzTy  cautioui,  prudent f  wary.     Warrer,  more  cautious. 

Ifl.  vary  cautus. 
War,  worje  ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  overcome.  Warris,  over^ 

comes. 
Ward.  See  Waird,  cujiody,  keeping.  In  Law,  the  cuJ}o- 

dy   of  a   minor  ^y  his  Over-lord.      Ifl.  vard.     Fr. 

guarde. 
Ward,  divifion  of  an  army  or  campy   a  battalion  or  bri- 
gade.    Wardour  is  ufed  apparently  with  the  fam^ 

lignification. 
Ward  and  warfel,  cxT^X.fecurityfory  pledge. 
Warden,  the  name  of  a  particular  kind  of  pear. 
Ware,  War,  hard,  fnvirly.     War  nott,  hard  knott  in  a 

tree,  Teut.  weer,  callus,  nodus,  tuber. 
Ware,  to  take  care  of  or  look  well  to.  Swed.  war  a. 
Ware,  Were,  defence y  price  of  redemption. 
V/AiCy/ea  weed  or  wrack.  In  Northuuiberland  weir  or 

tvaar ;  in  Thanet  ifland,   wore  or  woor.     Sax.  war, 

alga  marina. 
Warefone,  Warjfon,  remedy f  recovcryy  reward.     Fr. 

guerifon. 
Wark,  Wyrk,  work,  to  work.     Sax.  wircan.     Gof.\i. 

waurkyan,  opus. 
Wark-lume,  tool  or  in/irument  to   work  with.      Sec 

Lume. 
Warlie,  Warliefl:,  expl.  wary,  tuojl  luary  ;  ratlier  per- 
haps w  or  Idly  y  mojl  worldly. 
Warlow,  Warlogh,  '^^xXo^^yfoothfayer^  fortune-teller y 

forcerer.     The  derivation  uncertain  ;  perhaps  from 

Sax.  wyrdy  eventus,  fortuna;  Sclaer,  doce,  dodlrioa; 

laeredy  doftus  ;  quafi,  wyrd-lare  or  ivarlore.     Or  a 

corruptiom  of  Walroun,   (q.  vid.)  with  fonae  flight 

difference 


Wa.  Wa. 

difference  in  the  meaning.  Conf.  Ifl.  nvalwa,  (valva), 
maga,  faga ;  originally  the  fame  with  ivalkyrioy 
Parca,  Othini  miniftra,  qux  in  prxliis  praefens  pro 
lubito  vitae  vel  morti  pugnantes  dcftinavit ;  ively 
eligere.  See  Warwolf. 
Warnys,  Vainjs,  tofurnijh^  to  garnijh  or  provide,  Fr. 

garnir. 
Warp,   Varp,   to   thronuy  to  utter  or  exbrefs.     Teut. 
iverpeuy  nver^enf  jacere,  abjicefe.     Warpir,  Warpid, 
is    alfo  ufed   bj   Bilhop   Douglas  for  furroundedy 
•wreathed. 
W ^rtzndy  fcairityy  fafety,  Jhelter.    Nearly  in  the  fame 

fenfe  as  the  law  term  Warrandice. 
Warray,  expl.  to  make  war  upon. 
Warren,  *  arreo,  Firron,  the  pine  tree.  See  Firron. 
Warfet,  (Foreft  Laws,  i.  2.)  a  particular  kind  of  dog  % 

probablj'  a  pointer* 
Warwolf,  according  to  an  antieiTt  vulgar  idea,  a  per/on 
transformed  to  a  luolf.  Tent,  lueer  tuolf.  Swed. 
•waruify  lycanthropus  ;  hoc  eft,  qui  ex  ridicula  vulgi 
opinione  in  lupi  forma  no6lu  obambulat.  Goth. 
imir,  vir  ;  &  ulf,  lupus.  It  is  not  unlikely  that 
Warloch  may  be  a  corruption  of  this  word. 
'^Wary,  Warye,  to  curfe,  to  revile,  Sax.  wirian^  wirghiany 

maledicere,  malignari,  execrari. 
Vaffalege.  WafTallage,  iWo/zr,  jirou'f^/jr,  noble  atchieve- 
mentSf  glory  ;  becaufe  lands  were  given  originally  to 
Vaflals  for  military  fervice ;  particularly  to  thofe 
who  had  fignalized  themfelves  by  their  valour, — 
Vajfal  Q'^vae  thus  to  be  accounted  a  title  of  honour, 
in  the  fame  way  as  knight,  and  the  Lat.  miles.  The 
fame  word  is  alfo  ufed  to  denote  a  Baron'*s  rctinne 
or  body  of  armed  vajfals  ;  nearly  fynonymous  with 
I^aronage  or  Baronry  ;  i.  e.  the  inhabitants  of  the 
Barony. 
Waftels,.  Waftel  or  Waflel-bread,  probably  fugar  hif 
cuit  or  plumb-cnke  ;  expl.  in  the  Diftionaries  cakes 
of  ivhite  bread  for  foppmg  in  the  WnJJel-bovi'ly  i.  e.  a 
large  cup  or  bowl,  out  of  which  the  Anglo-Saxons, 
j^t  their  public  entertainments,  drank  healths  to  one 

another  j 


Wa.  Wa. 

another  ;  and  which  is  faid  to  have  received  its  name 
from  two  Saxon  Words, — Wci:s  hal,  or  rather  Hal 
nveesy  falve,  vel  fis  falvus,  q.  well  may  you  be  !  Matt. 
27  29.  *'  Hal  nv Its  thu^  yuJea  Kyning  .'"  ave,  Rex 
Judeorum  !  The  fame  phrafe,  in  the  Saxon  Gof- 
pels,  is  alfo  written  beo  hal  i  as  in  Matt.  26.  49. ; 
&  Mar.  5.  34.  Thomas  de  la  Moor,  in  his  life  of 
Edward  II.  informs  us,  that  Wivfs-haile,  and  Drtnc- 
haile,  were  the  ufual  phrafes  of  quaffing  amongft  the 
cailieil  (Saxon)  mhabitants  of  this  ifland.  Waflel 
or  Waflail  is  commonly  underflood  to  fignify  a  li- 
quor made  of  apples^  f^'S^^  ^"'^  ^^'  »  fuch  as  young 
women  were  in  ufe  to  carry  about  and  prefent  to 
their  friends  on  the  vigil  of  the  New-year ;  a  cuf- 
tom  which  is  ftill  kept  up  in  various  parts  of  the 
country.  This  explanation  of  the  word  induces  a 
fufpicion  that  Waflel  may  have  fome  affinity  with 
.Sax.  ivt^f  delicia,  dapes  ;  loijlfullian,  epulari,  con- 
viviari  ;  'wijlfully  frugibus  ad  viftum  abundans  ;  or, 
with  111.  weijfla  vel  iveitjla,  hofpitatio,  convivium. — 
To  which  may  perhaps  be  added  Swed.  tuaxel.  Ifl. 
luixly  viciffitudo,  ordo  quo  alterum  alteri  fuccedit ; 
quail,  circling  boivl,  i.  e.  handed  about  from  one  to 
another.  Some  readers  may  prefer  one  or  other  of 
thefe  to  the  firfl-,  notwithftandmg  its  being  appa- 
rently fupportod  by  the  flory  of  Vortigern  and  Ro- 
wena,  which  has  been  fo  frequently  quoted  from 
Verftegan  and  GeoiFry  of  Monmouth.  The  Saxon 
damfel,  at  the  command  of  her  father  Hengift,  whp 
had  iuvited  the  Britilli  King  to  a  banquet,  came  in 
the  prefence  with  a  bowl  of  wine  and  welcomed  him 
in  thefe  words,  Wees  heil,  Hlaford  Kyning.  Vorti- 
gern, by  the  help  of  an  interpreter,  anfwered,  Drinc 
heil;  and,  according  to  Robert  of  Gloucefter,  (the 
verfifier  of  Geoffry,) 

Kufte  here,  and  fitte  here  adoune, 

and  glad  drouke  here  heil, 
And  th.t  was  tho  in  this  land, 

the  verft  uashail. 

As 


V7a.  We. 

As  in  language  of  Saxojne,  that 
we  might  ever  iwite, 
.  And  fo  well  he  paith  the  folc  about, 
that  he  is  not  yut  vorgute. 

Waftel-bread,  or  Waftels,  has  alfo  been  derived  £i6m 
the  Fr.  gateau,  originally  gajleau ;  called  in  Picaidy 
ounJleL  Lat.  Barb,  yajlellum^  collyra,  placenta,  ant 
fimile  quid.  Thefe,  however,  may  have  fome  affinity 
with  the  iiax.  and  Theot.  tuijley  cibus,  epuiae,  dapes. 

Wat,  Wate,  Weit,  ivetf  to  wet.  Sax.  ivaetOy  humidus , 
tuictan,  humeftare. 

Wate,  Wat,  to  know.  Watis,  knows ;  variation  of 
Engl   Wot. 

Watling-Ilreet,  ufed  by  Blfliop  Douglas  for  a  conjlel- 
lat'toii,  or  rather  for  the  mi/^y  lu jy.  ,  The  confular 
way  fo  called  requires  no  explanation. 

Wauch,  Wouch,  m'tfchief,  evil,  (w;?.)  Sax.  ivohg^  ma- 
lum. 

Waucht,  Wauch,  to  quaff  or  drink  in  large  draughts  ; 
probably  from  ^^eych',  a  drinking  cup.  [Teut.  •z'rt- 
fen,  infundere  in  vas,  implere  vas.] 

Wauk,  Waik,  to  watch.    Teut.  waecken^  vigilare. 

Wauk,  to  drefs  woollen  cloth  by  making  it  thick  and 
ftnooth.  Swcd.  wilka.  Tc-ut.  walcken,  prcflare,  volu- 
tare,  ut  folent  qui  fulloniam  exercent. 

Waul,  tojlarey  to  lookjlernly  with  open  eyes. 

Waver,  to  wander  or  become  waff.     See  Waf,  wandeV" 

Wavingeour,  Wauengour,  vagahoiid^  fugitme. 
Waward,  ^'^  award,  van  guard  ^  fir  ft  divifion  of  an  army. 
Wavvys,  Wavys,  waves.    Teut.  waeghe,  fluftus,  unda. 
V  ay  age,   Waiage,  journey   by    land  or   water.       Fr, 

voiage. 
Wayming,  feems  to  lignify  bewailing. 
We,  Wee,  little,  a  little.     Teut.  lueinii^h,  parvus,  of 

which  it  feems  an  abbreviation. 
Weaven,  expl.  a  moment  or  injlant ;  alfo  called  a  jif~ 

fin. 

Weary, 


We.  We. 

Weary,  luretcheJ,  curfed ;  as  the  weary  or  weari/u/ 
fox  ;  probably  fiom  Warie,  to  curfe. 

Wecht,  Weicht,  an  utenfil  in  the  form  ofajteve,  ivith  a 
leather  bottom,  but  without  holes,  refembling  the  head 
of  a  drum.  Timmer  wecht,  a  tamhwr  xvccht  or 
Jieve. 

Wed.   See  W^d,  pledge,  nvad-Jet  or  mortgage^ 

Wcldir-glim,  clear  Jlty^  near  the  horizon  ;  fpoken  of 
objeds  feen  in  the  twilight  or  dulk  \  as  "  between 
him  and  the  wedder-glim,  or  weather-gleam,  i.  e. 
between  him  and  the  light  of  the  ikj  ;  from  I  eut/ 
weder,  ccclum  ;  and  gleam  ;  weder-licht,  corufca- 
tio. 

vVede,  to  rage,  to  proceed  ox  behave  furioujly.  Sax.  we~ 
dan,  furere,  teftuare. 

Wed-fie,  wage,  reward,  recompence  ;  perhaps  fome  pay- 
ment of  the  nature  of  inter  ejl  of  money. 

Wedojv,  widow.  Wedowhede,  Wedohede,  widowhood* 
Goth,  wjduws.  Wei.  gweddw. 

Weid,  Wede,  ajici  ox  fnioting  fit. 

Weik,  corner,  angle,  as  Weik  of  the  eye.  Swed.  ogon- 
wik,  angulus  oculi ;  wik,  finus  maris,  callellum. 
Teut.  wii^,  perfugium,  &c.  In  the  fame  way  is  uf- 
ed  wei^  of  the  mouth. 

Weil,  Wele,  Feil,  prefixed  to  adjectives,  very,  exceed- 
ing ;  commonly  ufed  in  a  good  fenfe,  as  fere  in  a 
bad.     Both  of  them  are  leprefented  by  the  Gothic 

"WeU,  Wele,  whirl-pool ;  q.  wheel.  Wells, forges,  bil- 
lows. Sax.  weal,  'ortex  aquarum. 

Weils  me,  hlej]ing  or  blejjingt,  I  wijh  good  Inch. 

Wein,  Wene,  to  think,  to  believe,  to  cxpeB.  Tent,  wa- 
nen.  Goth,  wengan,  opinati,  opinionem  habere  ; 
waen,  opinio,  prcefumptio.  W'enys,  vefiges  or  markt 
ly  which  one  guejjes  about  the  way;  f:om  the  fame 
origin. 

Weir,  Vere,  Wair,  the  fpring.  Ifl.  vor.  Lat.  ver. 

Weir,  Weer,  to  drive  or  to  ietp  (aut  or  in.)  Teut. 
wcersn^  propulfaie,  defendcre,  avertcre  ;  weer,  fepi- 

mentum, 


We.  Ve. 

mfcntum,   propugnaculutn.     Hence  Weir,  a  fence 
made  acrofs  a  river. 

Weir^  Were,  war.  Weiring,  Weryng,  warring. 
Weirlie,  itiffr/z/v.  V eve  oi  v/cvq,  complexion  of  war. 
But  -wcTQy  free  from  dijlurbance.  See  Feir,  colour. 

Weird,  Werde,  fate^  dejiiny.  Sax.  wyrd,  fatum,  for- 
tuna,  rerum  ordo ;  verbum,  fc.  quod  fatus  eft,  five 
dilcrevit  Deus ;  wyrdas,  fata,  Parcae  ;  alfo  as  a  verb, 
to  determine  or  pre-direEi.  to  foretell.  Sax.  wyrde, 
fiet ;   &  weordan.    Teut.  werden,  fieri,  efle. 

Weld,  Weild,  to  weild,  rulcy  manage  ;  to  have  in  one's 
power.     Weild  he  his  will,  if  he  obtain  his  defre. 

Weld,  Well,  Wall,  to  force,  to  beat  tivo  or  more  pieces 
of  red- hot  metal  into  one  piece.  £Sax.  ivellan,  furere, 
aeftuare,] 

Well,  tofpring  or  rife  up,  like  boiling  water.  Sax.  weal' 
Ian,  erumpere. 

Welfche.     See  Walfh,  Wairfh,  infipid,  luith out  fait. 

Welt,  fame  with  Welter,  to  tumble,  tofs,  roll,  or  throw, 
Teut.  wellen,  ivelteren,  volvere,  volutare,  verfare. 

Wekh,  Veltht,  Walth,  welfare,  abundance  of  any- 
thing. Teut.  welde,  opes,  opulentia.  Sax.  ivceledi, 
wealthy  ;  wcela,  opes  ;  wealas,  fervi,  mancipii ;  the 
root  of  which  maybe  the  Goth,  walian,  eligere ; 
quafi,  a  fufficiency  to  choofe  from.  See  Wale,  to 
choofe. 

Wencufs,  Vencufs,  to  vanqu'ifh.  Wencuffit,  vanqui/h-- 
ed. 

Wend,  to  go  ;  alfo  -went,  did  go.  .  Sax.  ivendan,  ire, 
venire,  procedere.  Teut.  wfw^^n,  vertere.  The  only 
part  of  this  verb  which  is  ftill  retained  in  the  Engl, 
language,  is  the  prseterite  went. 

Venerial,  mercenary.  Venerianis,  mercenaries.  Lat. 
venalts. 

Yenefum,  venemous.  Teut.  veniinigh,  venenofus. 

Went,  vent,  way,  paffage  \  the  courfe  or  Jiate  of  af- 
fairs. [Fr.  vente,  a  cleft ;  venelle,  a  fmall  ftreet.  See 
Wynde.] 

Ventale,    V  entaill,  a  hole  or  vent ;  the  breathing  part 
of  a  helmet,  a  vijor.  Fr.  ventaile. 
Vol.  IV.  LI  Venuft, 


Ve.  Wc. 

Venuft,  beautiful,  pleafant.  Lat.  venujius. 

Were,  redemption,  power  of  redemption,  price  of  redemp" 
tion,  or  fine,  pecuniary  fatisfaBion.  Teut.  zvere, 
Initio.  Were,  But  were,  in  Bifliop  Douglas,  is  ex- 
plained bj  Ruddiman,  without  doubt  or  delay,  truly, 
a  Sax.  lucere,  cautio.  In  fome  of  the  inftances 
quoted,  it  rather  feems  equivalent  to  without  diflur- 
hance ;  and  may  be  the  fame  with  war^  or  a  cor- 
ruption of  the  Fr.  heurt,  conflift  or  encounter. 

Were,  for  Ure,  chance^  fortune,  hap.  It  feems  alfo  to 
have  been  ufed  in  the  fame  fenfe  with  the  Fr.  heur, 

•  hora,  {limitation  to  an  hour.')  And  occurs  as  a  va- 
riation of  Weir  in  all  the  various  fignifications. 

Verement,  truth,  verity. 

Vergers,  orchards.  Fr.  verger,  from  Lat.  viridarium. 

Weriour,    hack-hitery  flanderer,  fecret  enemy.      [Sax. 
'  werian^  execrari,  maledicere ;    I'oerg,  weriga,   mali- 
gnus.] 

Werklome.  See  Wark-lume,  a  tool  to  work  with. 

"Verlot,  fervant,  groom,  valet.  O.  Fr.  varlet,  now  valet, 
puer,  minifter.  Ifhis  word,  in  O.  Engl,  was  com- 
monly ufed  in  a  good  fenfe  for  yeoman. 

"^^vvci,  fnake,fer pent,  adder  ;  q.  worm. 

Vernage  in  veres,  exhilerating  liquor  in  glajjes. 

Wernoure,  (Bifhop  Douglas,)  a  covetous  wretch,  a 
mifer ;  probably  from  Teut.  gheerigh,  cupidus  ; 
gheeren,  gheren,  cupere,  colligere  ;  the  G  or  Gh  be- 
ing frequently  changed  to  IV.  According  to  Rud- 
diman, from  Sax.  weornian,  flaccefcere,  decrefcere, 
"  becaufe  a  mifer  Jiarves  himfelf  to  enrich  his 
heir." 

Verray,  Werray,  true  ;  derived,  by  Skinner,  from  the 
Fr.  vray.  Lat.  verus. 

Vers,  Wers,  worfe.  V^rft,  Werft,  worfi  ;  alfo  over- 
came or  worjled. 

Werfh.  See  Walfli,  infpid,  without  fait. 

Wei  fill,  Warfle,  to  wrejlle  oi  fruggle.  Teut.  werfelen, 
reluftari,  reniti,  obniti. 

Wery,  Werry,  to  fquee%e  to  death,  to  frangle  or  worry. 
Teut.  weurgeUf  fuffbcare,  jflrangulare. 

Weftlin, 


We Wi. 

Weftlin,   wejlern.     Teut.  voejleriy  wefielick^  occidenta- 

.     lis. 

Wefy,  'V^^ji  Vizzie,  a  correB  mew  ;  as  a  verb,  to  fpy 
narrowly  or  correEily^  to  objer've,  to  mark.  Alfo  to 
vijit ;  from  PV.  i)'ifer^  videre. 

Wet-fchod,  with  wetjhoes. 

Veu^,  expl  pert.  See  Vogie,  vain. 

Weyand,  Weymenting,  laf/ienting  ;  from  the  fame  o- 
rigin  with  Engl,  wo  ;  corruptly  weygh  or  iveugh. 

Weyff,  Weif,  woven.   Weiffed,  weaved. 

Veyton,  (Weyton),  expl.  the  whitlen  treCy  or  water 
elder. 

*^*  Wh  :  Moft  of  the  words  which  in  modern  ortho- 
graphy begin  with  thefe  letters,  are  to  be  found  un- 
der Quh. 

Whiles,  yb/«e/iW/. 

Whilky,  contradled  from  the  Gael,  or  Irifti  ufquehaughy 
a  well  known  fpirit ;  uifc  or  uifcey  aqua  ;  &  heatha^ 
vitse. 

WhommeJ,  Quhemie,  to- turn  jipjide  down,  as  a  cup  or 
tub  ;  corr.  of  Whelm.  Ifl.  wllma. 

Whorl,  a  round  perforated  piece  of  wood  put  upon  a 
fpindlcy  to  give  it  a  proper  weight.  Teut.  'voordel. 

Wicht,  Wycht,  Jlrotig  and  vigorous,  powerful^  ai:iive% 
brave.  Swed.  wigy  potens,  hello  aptus,  qui  arma  per 
ietatem  aut  vires  ferre  poteft  ;  alacer,  agilis  ;  quid- 
quid  in  fua  natura  validum  firmumque  eft.  Hence 
it  is  applied  to  things  inanimate  as  well  as  animate ; 
as  caftles,  wine,  &.c.  and  is  ufed  by  Chaucer  for 
fy>i/t'  Sax.  wig-licy  bellicofus  ;  wig-man,  wibga, 
wiga,  bellator,  miles  ;  wig,  bellum.  111.  wig,  ca- 
des. 

Wicht,  Wycht,  a  man  or  per/on.  Sax.  wiga,  homo, 
vir,  praefertim  vero  prjeftantior  aliquis  :  Or,  accord- 
ing to  Ruddiman,  from  Sax.  wiht,  creatura,  animal, 
res.  Teut.  wicht,  homo  fceleratus,  infans,  puer. 

Wichtlie,^o«^/y,  vigorously,  intrepidly. 

Widdfndreme,  Vl\<^dir\m,fuddengujl  of  pajjion  without 
apparent  caufe  ;  alfo  expl.  all  of  a  fudden,  with  a 
%<engcance.  See  Wod,  mad. 

Widder-fchyjinis, 


Wi.  Wi, 

Widder-fchjmnis,  the  contrary  way,  perverfely,  con- 
trary  to  the  apparent  courfe  of  the  fun.  'Ye.vX.iueder^ 
contra ;  &  fonne,  fol ;  q.  wederfonne-wfe ;  alfo 
contrary  to  the  general  courfe  ox  pofition.  [_Teut.  we- 
der-fegghen,  contradicere.] 

Widdie,  withy ^  rope  made  of  willow  twigs.  To  deferve 
a  widdie,  to  deferve  the  gallows.  Teut.  wiede,  falix, 
vimen,  reftis,  funis.  Sax.  withigy  falix.  Goth,  wi' 
than,  conneftere. 

"Widdifow,  Viddeful,  a  wrathful  per/on  ;  alfo  as  an  ad- 
jeftive  ;  from  Teut.  woedigh,  furiofus,  furibundus  ; 
ivoed,  furor,  infania  :  (woeder^  tyrannus.)  Another 
explanation  of  Widdifow  is  knave  ;  quafi,  one  whp 
deferves  a  widdy. 

Widdrom,  contr.  of  Widdendreme,^^  of  rage. 

"Wildings,  wild  fruit.  Teut.  wild'breed^  ferina,  caro 
ferina,  cervina,  aprugna  ;  <^  totifque  nbn  elixis  car- 
nibus  proceres  &  heroes  vefci  folent." 

Wilfjer,  Willfyre,  wild-fre^  as  the  light  proceeding 
from  the  glow-worm,  rotten  wood,  &c.  Teut.  wild- 
vier,  ignis  filveftris. 

Wilk,  Whilk,  afmalljhellfijh.  Sax.  a  periwinkle. 

Wilkyt,  in  an  old  edit,  of  Barbour's  Bruce,  for  wick" 
ed. 

Will,  wildy  unfrequented^  hew'ilderedy  wandering.  To 
go  will,  to  flray  or  wander.  In  fome  inftances  it 
feems  to  mean  impatiently  defring  ;  as  Will  of  rede, 
impatient  for  advice  ;  which  Ruddiman  explains, 
perhaps  better,  inops  confilii.  Swed.  wild^  animus 
vel  favore  vel  odio  occupatus. 

Will-fuUie,  with  good  will. 

Wilfum,  quafi.  Wild  fome,  lonely^  folitaryy  wander- 

Wimple,  to  involve,  to   hecome  or  to   render  intricate. 

Wimpled,  intricate.    Teuj:.  wimpeleny  involvcre,  im- 

plicare. 
Wimple  is  alfo  expl.  ornament  for  a  ladfs  head.  Teut. 

wimpel, 
Wiijdle,  to  make  up  (ftraw  or  hay)  into  windlings  or 

bottles. 


Wi.  Wi. 

bottles.     Teut.  ivindelen,  fafciis  vel  fafciolls  invol* 

-vere. 
Windflaucht,  with  impetuous  motiotty  as  if  driven  by  the 

wind. 
Winfreed,  expl.  raifed  from  the  ground. 
Winklot,  young  girl i    dimin.  of  luench  ;    from  Sax, 

wencle,  ancilla,  filia. 
Winle-ftraes,  the  dry  Jlalks  or  Jiems  of  unculti'vatfd 

grafs.     Sax.  windel-JireoiVy  calamus,  ex  quo  confici- 

untur  fportoe ;    windcl^   fporta,  corbis ;    contextum 

quid. 
Winraw,   hay  or  peats  put  together  in  long  thin  heaps 
for   the  purpofe   of  being  more    eqjily  dried.       See 

Won. 
Winfum,  Winfome,  agreeable^  ^^S^S^^S^  p^^^fant,  mer- 
ry. Teut.  won-faem.    Sax.  uiivfumy  jocundus,  Isetus, 

amaenus,  gratus  ;  fuavis,  dulcis  ;  voyn.  Teut.  'ivonne, 

ivu/ine,  gaudium. 
Winze,  expl.  an  oath.  [Teut.  ixenfch,  imprecatio.^ 
Wipp,  to  fm  round  or  encircle^  as  with  a  wreath  or 

cord.  Goth,  vippia,  corona. 
Virmet,  Wirmet,  i^ormivood. 
Virrok,  Wirrock,  dijlortedj   or  contraEled  by  injury  or 

callofty.     Sax.  wearrig,  ivearriht,  callofus,  nodofus. 

Teut.  nveerf  callus,  nodus,  tuber ;    wedery  contra  ; 

whence  War-nott,  a  knott  in  wood. 
Wirrj-carl,   Wirry-cow,   bugbear ;    a  perfon    who   is 

dreaded  as  a   bugbear  ;    from   Wirry  or   Virrie,  to 

worry. 
Wife,  to  turn  or  incline.    Sax.  wifiatiy  docere,  inftruere, 

dirigere,  gubernare.    Teut.  wiifeny  monftrare,  often- 

dere. 
Viforne,  expl.  fpeBre^  wizard,  majk. 
Wifs,  Wis,  to  know.     Will,  kneiv.     Sax.  wijjan,  fcire, 

intelligere.  Ic  wijl  that,  novi  quod,  /  %viji  that. 
Wiflclers   Whilllers.  See  Quhyfl'eler,  a  money  changer. 

Alfo  expl.  a  deceiver,  fiitterer. 
WifTil.  See  Quhiflyl,  to  exchange.  Teut.  iviffelen. 
Wiflin,  Wizen,  to  become  decayed  or  wajlcd;  from  heat, 

to 


Wi.  Wo. 

to  wither.  Wiflinnet,  dried^  ivithered,  decayed.  Sweci. 

ivifna.    Sax.  weofniariy  for 'Weof many  tabefcere,  mar- 

cefcere. 
Wify,  \'\{yy  to  cofijider.  SeeVefyftoJpj'.  ^ 

AVitand,  Wjtand,  blamifig  ;  alfo  expl.  regrathig. 
"Wife.  Wyte,  blame  ;    alfo  as  a  verb,  to  blame.     Sax, 

ivitan,  imputare,  afcribere  ;  "ycite,  plaga,  malum. 
Withy.  See  Widdy,  a  rope  of  willow  twigs. 
Withfay,  to  gain-fay  ;  from  Teut.  nveder,  contra. 
Withthy,  expl.  with  t  is,  provided  ;  analagous  to  For- 

thi,  becaufe. 
Vittel,  q.  Viflual,  grain.     In  the  plural,  any  kind  of 

food. 
Witter,  Wittering,  a  hint,  rumour^  itidicaiiony  Jign,  or 

caufe  of  knowledge.     Swed.  ivitra,  notum  facere,  in- 

dicare.  111.  ivittrafi,  apparere.    Sax.  ivitende,  fciens, 

fcientes,  ivittitig. 
Witter,  the  barb  of  a  hook  ;  perlxaps  from  Teut.  nveder ^ 

contra,  adverfus.  Swed.  nvidrig,  contrarius. 
Witter,  expl.  throat;    feemingly   from   Lat.  guttur ; 

alfo  as  a  verb,  tofght,  to  fall  foul  of  one  another. 
Wlonk,  Vlonk,  gaudily  drejfed  perjon.     Sax.  "wlonce^ 

ivlofnce,  pompa,  fpleridor,  arrogantia,  fuperbia  ;  ad- 

jedively  fplcndidus,  elatus  ;  whence  Engl.  Flounce, 

to  adorn,  &c. 
Wlonkeft,  niofl  gaudy,  hefl  drefjed ;  confcious  of  attraSi" 

ing  great  attention.     See  Wionk  ;  to  which  may  be 

allied  the  Teut. /o»f/ff//,  limis  obtueri,  leviter  obli- 

quare  oculos  ;  lo/ick,  afpedlus  limus. 
Wob,  'web.     Wobfler,  weaver.    Germ,  ijuvpp.     Teut. 

nvcbhe. 
"\^^od,  Wode,  Wude,  mad.  Sax.  nuod,  demens,  infauus. 

Teur.  ivcedey  infania,  furor,  rabies.  Goth,  ivods,  fu- 

riofus.     Wod- wraith,  literally  the  fame  with  Red- 

wod,   madly  enraged.      Wod-brym,  ira  xftuans  ; — 

"  whence,  according  to  Ruddiman,  the  name  of  the 

God  Woden,"  i.  e.  the  furious  Mars. 
Wode,  Woid,  Vode,  void  ;  alfo  to  void  or  empty, 
Wodroifs,  expl.favoge,  wild.  See  Wod,  mad. 

Wode-wail^ 


Wo.  — . Wo. 

Wode-wail,  Wood  weele,   expl.  a   bird  of  the  thrujh 

hind  ;  rather  perhaps  a  wood-lark. 
Vogie,  bonjlfult  vain,  njfuming. 
Woik,  did  fly  or  ivander.  Fr,  <voguer^  natare,  navigare; 

ufed  by  Bifiiop  Douglas  for  the  Lat.  vcigor.     See  _ 

Vaig,  to  roam  or  ivander. 
Woiftar,  fame  with  Voufter,  hoajler ;  from  Voiift.    It 

feems  the  fame  with  Wajlour  in  Piers  Plowman. 
Wok,  Woik,  ijceek.    Sax.  nvuca,  vca.    Dan.  tige,  fepti- 

mana.  Goth,  luik,  ordo,  feries. 
Woker.  See  Okyr',  ufury,   Wokerer,  ufurer. 
Womenting,    Wuymenting,    lamentingy     lamentation  ; 

from  Wo  ;  and  Mene,  to  complain  or  moan. 
Worn  pie.  Hee  Wimple,  to  involve. 
Won,  to  dwell  or  refide.  Wonnyng,  dwelling,  dwelling- 

place.     Teut.  woonen,   wonen,  habitare,   manfionem 

habere  ;  woon^  habitatio,  habitaculum. 
Won,  Win,   to  make  (hay),  to  dry  Jo  as  to  render  fit 

for  ftoring  up.     Teut.  winnen,  colere,  colligere  fruc- 

tus  terrje  ;  quieftum  faceie.  Swed.  winna,  laborare. 
Wone,  "Wonde,  Jlop,  hefttution,  difficulty  ;  of  the  fame 

origin  with  Won,  to  dwell. 
Wonnys,  Wynnys,  Wynnings,  Wzncs,  placer  of  habi- 
tation. 
Wonnyt,  fometimes  ufed  for  wounded. 
Worchen,  expl.  wroughty  work.  The  fame  word  might 

alfo  fignify  choaked,Jlrangled;  from  Teut.  worghcn, 

ftrangulare. 
Wort,  to  rejeEl  or  put  ajide  as  uf clefs,  ao  a  horfe  is  faid 

to  Ivor  this  fodder.  See  Wortis. 
Worth,  Wourth,  to  become,  to  nvax.  Worthyn,  Wour- 

thyn,   waxed,  bccom^   nvere  made.      Teut.   werden, 

worden,  fieri,  effici,  fore. 
'Woxt'is,  herbs,  plants,  weeds.  Sax.  wyrt,  herb;',  planta, 

olus.    Teut.  ivorte,  radix.     Hence  Wortis  or  Worts 

alio  fignifies  the  refi/fe  /f  hay,  f  rate,  the  weeds,  which 

cait'e  refufe  to  eat. 
Wofche,  Woofch,  Weefli,  wajhed,  did  wufj. 
Wotlinkis,  ufed  for  nvetiches  ;  perhaps  a  diminutive  of 

Vlonkis  or  Wloukis,  ^a/'/y  drejfed girls, 

Woubir, 


Wo.  \Vt. 

"Woubit,  Oubit,  one  of  thoCe  worms  which  appeal*  as 
if  covered  with  woo/. 

WoufF,  luolf.  Voffis   ivches. 

Wouk,  awake,  aivaked. 

"Wounder,  to  wonder  ;  alfo  wonderful,  wonderfully,  eX" 
tremely,  admirably,  very. 

Woundring,  a  wonderful  thing,  a  monjler.  Sax.  wun- 
dring,  admi ratio. 

Wourde,  Wourthe,  became,  waxed,  was  made.  See 
Woith,  to  become. 

Wourfum.  See  'Wutfum,  putrid  matter. 

Vouft,  Wowft,  to  boajl ;  of  which  it  feems  to  be  mere- 
ly a  variety.   Wouftand,  boajiing. 

Voullaris,  Wouftouris,  ^o^^rj- ;  from  Vouft. 

Wout,  Vout,  countenance  ;  probably  from  Lat.  vultus* 

Wow,  an  interjeiiion  of  admiration. 

Wow,  to  woo  or  court.  Sax.  wogan,  nubere.  Wowaiis, 
•wooers. 

Wowf,  mad. 

Wown,  Woun,  ivont,  cufom.  ;   alfo  ixccujlomed. 

Vowt,  vault.   Fr.  VQute. 

Woyne,  Wynne.yoj,  happinejs.  Teut.  wonne,  gaudiura. 
See  Winfome,  chearful. 

Woyne,  expl.  difficult  fituaiion,  difficulty.  Swed.  wonda. 
difficultas.  Woyne  might  alfo  fignify  habitation,  place 
of  refidence.  See  Wane  and  Wonnyng. 

Wra,  (Bilhop  Douglas,)  expl.  company,  fociety  ;  a  Fr. 
fray,  fry,  fperma  pifcium  :  Or  fiom  Sax.  wraeth, 
grex. 

Wrabil,  (Bilhop  Douglas,)  Wurble,  Warble,  to  clnm^ 
ber  or  crawl  about.  [^Teut.  ivervelen,  worvelen,  gy- 
ros agere,  in  orbem  verfare.], 

Wrach,  Ratch,  a  hound,  or  perhaps  dog  of  any  f pedes. 
Sax.  recce,  canis. 

Wrachis,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  erroneoufly  to  appearance  for 
Wrathis,  /^/VzVj-,  ghojls. 

Wrack,  ill  gotten  wealth.   See  Spraugherie. 

Wrack,  Wrak,  Wraik,  wrech,  ruin,  dcJlruBion.  Goth. 
bhekjai.  Lu.  8.  23.  Swed.  wagrek,  bona  naufrago- 
rum,  c|u:e  inhumana  confuetudo  olim  primo  occu- 

panti 


Wr.  —  Wr. 

^antl  vel  littoris  domino  addicebat  •,  from  ivagt  fluc- 
tus  &  reka,  ejicere. 

Wraighly,  tardily,  with  too  much  ivarinefs^  untoivard- 
ly  i  fame  with  Airghly.  See  An g\\,  tardy. 

Wraik,  revenge^  vengeance,  anger.  Teut.  ivraecke,  vin- 
didla,  ultio ;  alfo  as  a  verb,  to  infliBy  to  give  vent  to. 
Teht.  ivrekcny  lureke  doen,  vindicare,  ukifci ;  ultio- 
nem  facere  ;  whence  Wraikful,  revengeful. 

Wraith,  Wairth, .  Wcrth,  ghojl^  or  exa&  likenefs  of  a 
perfori,  fuppofed  by  the  vulgar  to  appear  ffjortly  he- 
forcy  or  foon  after  death.  The  derivation  appearing 
uncertain,  I  Ihall  mention  a  few,  words  which  may 
perhaps  have  fome  affinity  with  it.  Sax.  wathy  va- 
gatio,  flu£luatio.  Teut.  nvaery  verus,  and  raed  or 
radty  confilium.  Wyrd,  fatum  ;  **  eall  thios  wan- 
driende  wyrd,  the  we  W^r^  hatath,"  totus  hie  vagus 
ordo  rerum  quem  nos  fatum  vocamus  ;  warda,  cufto-. 
dire,  curare.  Sax.  hwurfy  illufio,  error  ;  hwyrfan, 
redire,  convertere,  variare,  errare,  mutare  ;  hwurfon 
hi  eft  to  hamey  reverfi  funt  poftea  domum.  Sax.  ivrath, 
adverfarius. 

Wrak  ;  fame  probably  with  Frak,  expl.  j^oc^'  of  goods 
or  cargo.  Sax.  fracht.  Tewt,  vrachty  vehes,  veftio, 
veftura. 

Vran,  Vrain,  wren  ;  ftill  ^  common  pronunciation. 

Vrang,  Wrang,  wrong,  injury.  Vrangwis,  wrorigous. 
Swed.  wrangwisy  perverfus. 

Wrappit,  entangledy  entwined  ;  perverfion  of  warped. 

Wratacks,  expl.  dwarfs  ;  authority  unknown. 

Wreath  (of  fnow),  fnow  colleBed  into  a  heap  by  the 
wind. 

Wreil,  (Bp.  Dougl.)  expl.  to  wriggle  or  turn  about  ; 
from  which,  according  to  Ruddiman,  it  feems  cor- 
rupted. 

Wrekar,  a  revenger  ;  from  Wraik,  to  revenge,  &c. ;  al- 
fo written  Wrok,  Wroik,  both  as  a  veib  and  fub- 
llantive. 

Wreuch,  wretchednefs.  So  Wregh  is  ufed  for  wretch  ,• 
merely  by  corruption.  / 

Wrink,  Wrynk,  intricacy,  difficulty.    Wrynkis,  tricks^ 
windings.  Teut.  wroncky  fimultas. 
Vol.  IV.  M  m  '  Wrong, 


Wr.  Yy. 

Wrong,  ivrurig  ;  alfo  contended  with  violence.     Teut. 

uringben,  torquere,  premere. 
W'orfum,  Wourfum,  putrid  matter.    Sax.  worms^  pus, 

putredo,  I'anies  ;  ge-wurfmedf  fuppuratus. 
Wy,  Wy<iy  many perjofi.     S\ved.  wig,    adultus,  vir  po- 
tens.    Sax.  iviga,  miles,  but  poetically  for  cujul'cun- 
que  conditionis  vir.    See  Wicht,  of  the  fame  origin. 
Wjfe,  Wyif,  woman   (pafl  middle   age,)   married  or 
jingle.     Sax   &  Swed-  wif,  mulier,  Ixmina  ;  accord- 
ing to  Jhre,  from  wij"  or  hwify  calantica,  a  woman's 
hood  or  kerchief  J  as  in  O.  Swed    gyrdel^  cingulum 
&  lindOf  baltheus,  are  ufed  for  man  and  luoman.     So 
alfo  hatt  and  hcetta^  pileus  &  vitta. 
Vjlde,  vile. 

Wyle-  cote,  Wylie  coat,  a  flannel  or  woolly  under-vefl  ,• 
forte,  fays  Ruddiman,  becaufe  by  its  not  being  feen, 
it  does   as   it  were   cunningly  or  flyly  keep  men 
warm  ;  fignifies  alfo  ajhort  under  petticoat. 
Wynd,  narrow  flreet.      I'his  word,  as  applied  in  Edin- 
burgh, has  been  fuppofed  to  mean  literally  a  nvay  in 
(to  the  city.)  See  Went,  pajfage. 
"Wynfch,  wench y  maid.  Sax.  wcenfel. 
Wynfick,  expl.  prudence  ^  greedy  deftre  of  gain. 
Wyppis,  wreaths,  garlands  ;    alfo  to  wreath  about  or 

entwine.  See  Wipp,  to  Jurround. 
Wyr,  arrow. 

Wyren,  made  of  wire  ;  as  Trene  from  tree. 
Wyrfchip,  manhood,  dignity  ;  from  Goth.  wair.     Lat. 

vir. 
Wys,  Wyifs,  ^tt//^,  manner,  form. 
Wyfe.  See  Wife,  to  incline^  put,  or  introduce. 
Wyfl'on,  Wyfant,  Wizzon, /^f  jrw/Ze/. 
Wyfure,  ivifdom.  WyfTare,  wifer. 
Vyte,  Wyte.  See  Wite,  to  blame. 
Wytenonfa,  expl.  trembling,  chattering. 
Vythoutyne,    Withouten,    without :    So    Sulden   for 
fhouldy  and  Warren,  for  were. 

Under 


Ya.   Ya. 


Y. 

Under  this  letter  are  placed  all  thofe  words  which  are 
commonly  found  in  print  with  an  initial  Zinftead  of 
the  Saxon  G,  whofe  power  in  thefe  inftances  was 
uniformly  Gh.  Year  was  formerly  written  gear, 
pronounced  ghear  ;  yellow,  gealow  or  ghealew^  ,• 
Yule,  geol  or  gheol ;  yeaft,  geji  or  gheji  ;  young, 
geong  or  gheong  ;  yearn,  gairn  or  ghatrn  ;  yard, 
geard  or  gheard  ;  yield,  gild  or  ghi/d  ;  yea,  gea  or 
ghea  ;  yet,  git  or  ghity  Sic.  I'his  alteration  of  or- 
thography from  the  Saxon  charadler  denoting  G^ 
to  the  vowel  T,  (which  was  thereby  converted  into 
a  confonant,)  could  not  take  place  all  at  once.  On 
the  contrary,  it  is  natural  to  fuppofe,  that  in  fome 
parts  of  the  country,  the  G  might  continue  to  be  uf- 
ed  for  many  years  after  it  had  given  way  to  the  new 
confonant  Tin  the  Southern  parts  of  the  ifland.  In 
Scotland  particularly,  where  Norman  influence  was 
not  fo  powerful  as  in  England,  the  Saxon  charadler 
maintained  its  ground,  down  to  the  leventeenth  cen- 
tury. Its  figure,  however,  being  nearly  the  fame 
with  a  black-letter  or  manufciipt  Z ;  and  the  prin- 
ters haying  no  fuch  charafter  in  their  founts  ; 
while  at  the  fame  time  they  might  confider  the  con- 
verfion  of  T"  into  a  conlonant  as  an  unwarrantable 
innovation,  the  letter  Z  was  fubftituted  in  its  place 
in  many  of  the  early  printed  books  j  firll,  we  may 
fuppofe,  in  black  letter,  and  afterwards  in  white  or 
Roman  :  Hence,  in  the  fixteenth  century,  it  came  to 
be  written  in  its  Ihort  form,  or  without  a  tail,  and 
at  laft,  in  more  inftances  than  one,  to  be  pronounc- 
ed as  if  it  actually  had  been  s  or  z.  This  fpecies  of 
orthography,  however,  although  common,  was  not 
univerfal.  In  fome  of  the  moft  antient  MS.  copies 
of  Winton^s  Chronlchy  and  Barbour^s  Brticey  the 
words  year^  yearn^  youngs  &.c.  are  written  yhear, 
yhearriy  yhing^  &c.  which  afcertains  the  pronouncia- 
tion  beyond  a  doubt. 

From 


a. 


From  the  fame  kind  of  refcmblance,  the  printers? 
fell  into  a  fimilar  miftake  with  refpe^l  to  the  Saxon 
Charaftcr  denoting  th  ;  inftead  of  which,  they  ufed 
the  letter  T,  as  in  yair  for  thair^  yame  for  theitiy  &c. 
Alfo  before  fome  words,  efpccially  verbs  and  parti- 
ciples, the  letter  T'i%  found  as  a  feparable  prepofi- 
tion,  correfponding  with  the  Sax.  Gf,  or  Tcut.  Ghe. 
Thefe,  when  Scottifli,  are  placed  under  the  next  let- 
ter of  the  word.  They  occur  more  frequently  in 
Gawin  Douglas  than  in  any  other  Scottifh  poet,  but 
the  words  are  for  the  moft  part  Englifli.  It  was 
probably  in  thefe  inftances  that  the  Saxon  G  firft 
gave  way  to  the  letter  J  ;  ae  in  Y-bounden,  for  ge^ 
honden  ;  Y-clepit  for  ge-clcpit  ;  Y-broken  for  ge- 
broken. 

Ya,  Ye,  yea,  yes^  ay  ;  alfo  for  interj.  ha  I 

Yaff,  to  bark  or  yelp  ;  to  prate.   See  Yaup. 

Yr.ld,  YdXd'm,  yieldy  did  yield.  S^x.  gildnn,  folvere. 

Yald,  nCtivey  vigorous  ;  perhaps  from  Sax.  ield^  barren. 

Yalloch,  Yelloch,  a  Jloout,  cry  or  yelling  \  probably  from 
the  fame  origin  with  Gale,  tojing ;  viz.  Swed,  galaf 
cantare.  Conf.  Belg.  gilleri,  llridere. 

Y'allow,  yellow.  Sax.  gealew,  flavus,  luteus. 

Yame,  them.  See  obfervations  on  the  letter  T. 

Yammer,  tojbriek,  yell,  to  complain  loudly^  and peevijh- 
ly>  to  groan.  Germ,  jammercuy  plangeire  ;  jammer^ 
lufliis,  plandlus.   S's.-k.  geomrian.  hat.  gemers. 

Y^'ap,  Yape,  hungry  ;  metaphorically,  Z>ai;/«^  a  longing 
defire  for  any  thing,  very  ready  ;  probably  fi'om  gape, 
or  at  leaft  from  the  fame, origin  ;  qv\2i(i,  gaping. 

Yar,  Yare,  alert,  ready.  See  Gate. 

Yarm,  to  beg  with  pertinacioJis  ohjiinacy  ;  to  **  harp 
upon  the  fame  firing."  \i\.Jarm,  ejulatum. 

Yarn,  Yharn,  Yairn,  to  defirc  eagerly  ;  ufed  by  Gaw. 
Douglas  for  carefully,  diligently.  S3.x.georn,  diligens, 
feduhis,  (erins  ;  gheornian.  'Teat,  gheeren.  Goth- 
gftirnin,  dcfidcrave,  cnpere. 

Y^arn-windlcs,  yarringhs,  a  fort  of  reel  from  which 
hariks  of  yarn  are  wound  into  clews.  Sax.  gearn-'Win- 
del,  har])cdone,  rhombus.* 

Yair,  fame -with  Gnarr  or  Nurr,  tofnarlc. 

Yatc, 


Ya.  Yh.      ' 

Yate,  Yett,  Yhate,  gate.  Teut.  gat.  Sax.  gdaf^  porta 
oftium,  janua.  The  Englifh  have  retained  the  origi- 
nal pronunciation. 

Yaup,  to  yelp  ;  more  commonlj  denotes  the  inceflanC 
crying  of  birds.  See  Gale,  nearlj  of  the  fame  ligni- 
fication  from  Swed.  gala,  cantare. 

Yed,  expl.  to  contend  or  nvr angle, 

Yede,  Yeid,  Yude,  Yheid,  Yhude,  went ;  preter.  of 
Ga,  to  go  ;  from  Tcut.  gaen,  ir6.  Now  more  com- 
monly pronounced  gade.  Norm- Sax.  gede,  geden. 
Semi-Sax.  iede,  ieden.  Ang\.-Sa.x. geode,  geoden,  ihat, 
ibant.  Ifl.  ood,  ivi ;  ved,  eo.  Lat.  vado. 

Yeild,  age  ;  alfo  adjefltively  for  ofd.  Sax.  eald,  fenex, 
vetus.  See  Eild. 

Yeildans,  Yealings,  born  in  the  fame  year ^  co-eval. 

Yeld,  Eild,  barren^  that  gives  no  milk  ;  of  the  fame  ori- 
gin with  the  preceding. 

Yere-ftrene,  the  night  before  lafl.  So  alfo  Yere-faren- 
year,  the  year  before  lafl  ;  Yere-yefterday,  &c.  from 
Teut.  are,  prius. 

Yerk,"'*o  bind  tightly,  as  with  a  fmall  cord.  Sax.  ger~ 
dan,  cingere,  accingere  ;  alfo  ufed  in  the  fame  fenfe, 
and  probably  from  the  fame  origin  with  Ysi^.jerh. 

Yern-blitter,  expl.  the  bird  called  afnipe. 

Yefk,  Yeifk,  to  hiccup^  to  belch^     Sax.  geoxa,  geoxung, 
.  fingultus. 

Yether,  the  mari  left  by  tight  binding,  as  with  a  fmall 
cord. 

Yett,  Yet,  to  pour  out  or  forth.  In-yett,  to  pour  in. 
Teut. '^hieten,  fundere. 

Yhald,  prseter.  of  the  verb  to  yield,  fometimes  written 
yheld ;  horn  S^is..  gildan.  Goth,  gilda,  folveic. 

Yfere,  together.   [Szx..  gefera,  focius.] 

Yeme,  Yim,  to  keep.  See  Yhemar,  keeper. 

Yhemar,  (Barb.  Bruce,)  keeper  ;  from  Sax.  gynian, 
cuftodire,  curare  :  gy mene,  gyming,  c\xr^.  M.  gnuf?ia, 
curare,  animum  attendcre  ;  geima,  cuftodire.  Swed. 
goemin,  qui  res  fuas  probe  cuftodit.  In  affinity  witli 
thefe,  perhaps  may  be  the  O.  Engl,  garninev,  q.  over- 
feer  ;  alfo  Sc.  HameSj  horfe-coUav. 

Yhemfale, 


Yh.  Yu. 

YTiemfale,  (Wint.  Cliron.)  keeping,  charge,  cuftody. 
Ifl.  geimjla  ;  from  geynia,  cuftodire  ;  (fubducerf, 
occultare  ;  goemaftg  undan,  fefe  abfcendere.) 

Yherne,  eager,  keen,  earnejl.  See  Yarn,  to  dejtre  eagerly. 

Wxil,  yet,  moreover.  Sax.  git. 

Yholdin,  yielded;  przeter.  of  Thnld,  to  j'ield. 

Yhone,  yon,  yonder,  thofe  at  a  dijlance.  Sax.  gon. 

Yhouthade,  Youthed,  youth. 

Yhuman,  yeoman  ;  according  to  Junius,  from  Fris.  ga, 
or  gae,  pagus,  vcus  lufticus  ;  gaeman,  incola  ejuf- 
dem  pagi,  correfponding  with  Scot,  poriioner,  the 
owner  of  a  fmall  piece  of  land. 

Yhyng,  Yhing,  Ying,  jof/;/^.  Szx.geong. 

Yill,  a/e.  Yill-wife,  or  brovvlter-vvife,  a  ivoman  ivho 
breued  and  fold  ale. 

Yiftrene,  Theftrein,  yejlermght.  Teut.  ghijieren,  he- 
ilerno  die. 

Yonde,  Yhond,  Yound,  yonder.  Yont,  A-yont,  he- 
yond,  behind. 

Yongling,  a  youth.  See  Yhyng,  young. 

Yore,  Yarc,  ready ^  acute.  Jharp,  alert.  Sax.  genrwian, 
parare.  Tt\xt.  ghieren,  avide  petere.  See  Gare,  fo- 
licitous,  rapacious. 

Youk,  itch.  Teut.  ieuckte.  Sax.  gictha,  libido  fcal- 
pendi ;  alfo  as  a  veih.j'enchn,  pvurire. 

Yule,  Ghule,  Yool,  Chrijlmas,  the  day  on  which  the 
nativity  of  Jefus  Chrill  is  celebrated.  Sax.  geol t,  • 
geoholfgcohd dag.  Swed,  Jul.  Dan.y///^-,  feA-um  nati- 
vitatis  domini.  The  literal  meaning  of  Yule- day 
feems  to  be  the  fiflival  of  the  Sun  ;  from  Goth,  nil, 
(Mark  I.  32.),  Armor.  8c  Corn,  hioul  or  hiaul, 
fol ;  or,  as  explained  by  Bede,  converfio  Solis  in 
auclum  diei,  i.  e.  the  retro-gradation  of  the  Sun  ;  at 
which  time  the  Grecnlanders  ftill  keep  a  Sun  fcaft 
to  tellify  their  joy  at  the  return  of  that  great  lumi- 
nary to  the  Northern  hemifphere.  Bede  alfo  inform-; 
lis,  that  in  Britain,  before  the  introdudion  of  Chrif- 
tianity,  the  year  commenced  upon  the  day  which  is 
now  called  Yule  or  Chrillmas  ;  and  that,  on  the 
preceding  evening  a   great   feflival  was  celebrated, 

under 


Yo.  Ya. 

under  the  name  of  Madre-nack^  ('>r  the  night  of 
mothers),  "as  we  imi^^^iue,''  coniinuci  h,:,  *  ob 
caufam  ceremoniaruni  quas  in  ea  pervgiles  agebant." 
See  Abbot  of  Unreafon.  In  Ifl.udic  poetry,  the  bun 
io  called  fagra  hivel^  pulcra  rota,  tnt  fair  or  fplen- 
did  wheel  ;  in  affinity  with  which  may  be  mei;tio!i- 
ed  the  Cambr.  Brit,  chiuyl,  veriib.  Sax.  axvyhan, 
revolvere.  TenX..  vjylen  or  wel-en,  voiveie  j  andiUe 
antient  cuftom  of  painting  the  idol  of  the  Sun  with 
a  wheel  on  his  breaft.  The  learned  Hickes,  liowever, 
inclines  rather  to  derive  this  Saxon  word  gcol  or 
yule  from  the  Scandinavian  of/,  cerevifia  (^gi.  mcto- 
nymice^  convivium,  compctatio.  But  if  this  had 
been  the  ti:.ue  etymology,  the  Saxon  term  would  ra- 
ther have  been  geala  from  ealla,  of  the  fame  fignifi- 
cation  with  the  Scandinavian  eel.  The  French  call 
the  fame  day  nouel^  which  feems  not  to  correfpond 
with  either  of  thefe,  and  is  accordingly  derived,  by 
Menage,  from  the  Lat.  natalis.  The  modern  terms 
Solftice  and  Tropic,  tend,  however,  in  fome  degree, 
to  confirm  Bede's  explanation. 

"  Our  forefathers,"  fays  Bourne,  in  his  Ant'iquitatesy 
Vulgnres,  '*  when  the  comiron  devotions  of  Chriftmas 
Eve  were  over,  and  night  was  coming  on,  v/ere 
wont  to  light  up  candles,  and  to  lay  a  log  of  an  un- 
common fize  of  wood  upon  the  fire,  which  they 
termed  a  Tule  clog.  Thefe  were  to  illuminate  the 
houfe,  and  turn  the  nijfht  into  day  ;  wlr.ch  cuftom^ 
in  fome  meafure,  is  ilill  kept  up  in  the  Northern 
parts  ;  and  feems  to  have  been  ufeii  as  an  emblem 
of  the  return  of  the  Sun,  and  the  lengthening  of  the 
days.  The  continuing  of  it.  after  the  introcludlioiV  of 
Chriflianity,  may  have  been  intended  for  a  fymbol 
of  that  Light  wlach  lightened  tl^e  Gentilt-;  ;  .vhith 
turned  them  Irtfn'  dark rt Is  to  light,  and  from  the 
power  of  Satan  unto  God." 


^ 


University  of  California 

SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 

405  Hiigard  Avenue,  Los  Angeles,  CA  90024-1388 

Return  this  material  to  the  iitirary 

from  which  it  was  t>orrowed. 


OCT  0  1 100P 


Z3V 


'^1 


UC  SOUTHERN  REGIONAL  LIBRARY  FACILITY 


AA      000  082  010    o 


PLEA^  DO   NOT    REMOVE 
THIS   BOOK  CARD-^ 


-^tUBRARY^?/: 


713 

en 
c/i