Full text of "The chronological Bible, containing the Old and New Testaments, according to the Authorized version : newly divides into paragraphs and sections, with the dates and places of transactions, concise introductions to the several books, and notes illustrative of the chronology, history, and geography of the sacred Scriptures"

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LIBRARY OF THE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY

PRINCETON, N. J.

PRESENTED BY

llr. Hoel Lavo'ence McQueen

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Scctit)ii.

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/3^'.

■ I

THE

CHRONOLOGICAL BIBLE:

COXTAI.MNC THE

Olir anir |lciu Ccstanicuts,

ACCOUDIXfi TO

THE AUTHORISED VERSION:

NEWLY DIVIDED INTO PARAGRAPHS AND SECTIONS ;

\
WITH THE DATES AND PLACES OF TRANSACTIONS; CONCISE INTRODUCTIONS TO TDE

SEVERAL BOOKS; AND NOTES ILLUSTRATIVE OF THE CIIRONOLOUY,

HISTORY, AND GEOGRAPHY OF TUE SACRED SCRIPTURES.

ROBERT B. BLACKADEK.

PRINTED FOR TUE EDITOR, AND SOLD 15V

SIJIPKIN, MAIISHALL, & CO., STATIONERS' HALL COURT.

1804.

TO
11 E U MOST GRACIOUS ]\I A J E S T V

VICTOEIA,

BY THE GRACE OP GOD, OP THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND
IRELAND, QUEEN, DEFENDER OP THE FAITH,

THIS EDITION OF

MOST HUMBLY INSCRIBED

nv
JIER MAJESTY'S MOST FAITHFUL SUBJIvCT AM) SERVANT

ROBERT BANKS BLACKADKR.

PREFACE.

^IIIS Edition of tlic Authorised Version of the Bible is offered as a help to the
-■- better understanding of the Sacred Scriptures. The project of issuing such an
edition had its origin in a conviction that something could be done, by improvements
in its division and typographical arrangement, to render our invaluable English Bible
more intelligible to Scripture students. The aim throughout has been not so much
to amend the work of the venerated revisers of IGll, as to supply its deficiencies — to
do what they would have done, had they lived in our day.

That our present version is far from being so perfect as it might be, has been long
admitted. ''Every true and real improvement,'^ says Mr. Weston, writing in 1782,
" from whatever sources derived, ought to be applied Avithout delay to the perfection
of our authorised translation ; and nothing should be suffered to remain which a
reader unskilled in Greek and Latin cannot understand. The present admits of
alterations for the better on almost every page of it.'' '' Since we have advantages,"
says Dr. Blayney {Jeremiah, p. 19), " of which our forefathers were not possessed,
why should we not do for ourselves and our posterity what they would undoubtedly
have done for us, had they been found in like circumstances as we are ? Let the
work of purifying and reforming what is amiss in the present edition of our
Bible, be fairly and honestly set about, and with that moderation and soberness
which the gravity of the subject requires." " Whenever it shall be thought
proper," says Bishop Lowth {Diss., p. 97), " to set forth the Sacred Scriptures
for the public use of our Church, to better advantage than as they appear in the
present English translation — the expediency of which grows every day more and more
evident — a revision or correction of that translation may perhaps be more advisable
than to attempt an entirely new one. As to style and langua<;c, it admits of little
improvement ; but in respect of the sense and the accuracy of interpretation, the
improvements of which it is capable arc great autl numberless." Similarly, Archbishop

PEEFACE.

Newcome (Minor Prophets, p. 16) recommended at great length an improved English
version of the Scriptures — " than which nothing could be more beneficial to the cause
of religion, or more honourable to the reign and age in which it was patronised and
executed. The reasons for its expediency are the mistakes, imperfections, and many
invincible obscurities of our present version."

Weighty as are these testimonies, the object has not yet been attained — the task
of carrying out such improvements being, in the words of Mr. Weston, '' a nice and
difficult one, lest in our attempts to polish we shall be found to erase, and by an
unwise endeavour at too great a change, instead of softening lines, efface the figure."

A jealous fear of alterations, of whatever kind, will probably for long operate
against any attempt at revision. But it was thought by the Editor of this work that
no objection would be felt to an endeavour to make the most of the Authorised Version.
The favourable reception of the " Chronological New Testament," which was published
in 1851, justified this expectation.

In 18j3, the Editor ventured on an edition of the entire Scriptures. In the early
part of the Book of Genesis, he followed the plan of his former work ; but, as he
advanced, he was led to the conclusion that the Old Testament did not admit of
comment wholly biblical in its character. Consequently, he began to insert explanatory
notes. To these, in the books of Joshua and Judges, were added geographical and
critical notes ; and at last, down to the end of the Second Book of Kings, notes didactic
and reflective. This point was reached in 1856. In 1858, the New Testament was
completed ; and in the winter of 1859, he resumed the publication of the Old Testa-
ment. The consequence is, the work is not wholly uniform — a defect which he hopes
to remedy in future editions.

If it sliould be found that he has not overlooked anything of importance to the
elucidation of the Historical Books, perhaps the reader may not regret having had
his attention called to their spirit ai>d meaning.

It is hoped that, by means of the helps provided, the English reader will obtain
a clearer insight into the scope and purpose of the Poetical and Prophetical Books.
The poems, psalms, or prophecies, are arranged and separated, and accompanied by
notes tending to fix their historic place, and to bring out their primary significance.

The following are the main features in which this edition differs from those in
ordinary use : —

I. The sacred text has been re-divided ; for chapters have been substituted
sections, and for verses paragraphs— the old divisions being nevertheless retained for
facility of reference. The paragraphs, mainly the work of Alexander Bell, Esq.,

PREFACE.

arc constructed on a principle which has now for the first time been applied to the
English Bible.

II. The most important parallel passages are quoted at length in the margin.

III. The marginal renderings of the translators are given : these are an integral
part of the version.

IV. Many additional notes are given : for the purpose of distinguishing these
from those of the translators, they arc placed within parentheses ( ) .

Y. Every section has its own proper date, and the place of the occurrence of
any event is stated.

VI. By means of the numerals prefixed to each section, the whole Sacred Volume
may be read in chronological order.

VII. The Poetical Books — ^as well as the hymns and canticles scattered throughout
the Sacred Volume — and many parts of the New Testament, have been printed
rhythmically on the principle of poetic parallelism.

VIII. Speeches are printed with inverted commas.

IX. The most important variations of the ancient versions arc given.

X. A comparison, by mcaus of a difkont type, of the Received text of the New Testa-
ment with the MS. known as B, preserved in the Vatican Library.

XI. An elaborate harmony of the Gospels.

XII. A complete system of dates throughout all the books.

XIII. Quotations in the New Testament of passages from the Old arc printed in
capitals.

The Introductions to the books, from Exodus to 1 Chronicles, and that to
S. Matthew, and part of the Notes, are the work of the Rev. F. Bosworth, M.A. ; those
from S. jNIark to Romans, the work of the Rev. Dr. S. Trail, of Harray ; and all the rest
arc the Editor's own. To the Rev. Dr. Jebb, of Pcterstow, he is indebted for help with
the Book of Proverbs : to Dr. S. Trail, and to the Rev. Dr. J. Forbes, of Edinburgh, for
assistance with the parallelisms of the Gospels. In treating of the Apocalypse, he
has adopted the view of the Rev. P. S. Dcsprez {Apocalypse Fulfilled), as in the
main the true interpretation {Journal of Sacred Literature, April, 18G2). To the
Rev. Robert Wells Whitford, M.A., he is under great obligations for valuable aid

PREFACE.

in suggestions, arrangements, and notes. Also to tlie Rev. T. K. Abbott, Trinity
College, Dublin; the Rev. T. S. Green, Ashby de la Zoucli ; the Rev. T. Candy,
Sidney College, Cambridge ; the Rev. T. W. Mcller, Woodbridge ; and Henry
Gough, Esq., Lincoln's Inn.

A large part of the expense of the work T^^as defrayed by a layman of well-known
beneficence, who is now deceased, and by a distinguished living Prelate of the Church.
Many of those whose names appear as subscribers also contributed to its support.

It is the intention of the Editor to publish a Volume of Notes of greater length,
embracing many matters connected with the Sacred Writings, which want of space
prevented being given in the present Avork. Also, an edition of the Apocrypha, on
the same plan, is in preparation.

If this attempt shall be favourably received, the Editor will endeavour in future
editions to make the work more perfect. He is conscious that it is at present very
far from being what such a work might and ought to be. To the attainment of this
he most respectfully asks the assistance of Biblical scholars.

36, Trinity Square, Southwakk.
Advent, 1804.

INTRODUCTION.

(1) Thkoughout the whole of the time in which
Christianity has impressed its character and laws
on civilisation, the volume of wi-itings called em-
phatically " TnK Book " has been regarded with
respect, reverence, and love. Its wisdom expands
the mind, its utterances excite our awe, its tender-
ness wins our hearts.

(2) The purpose of the Sacred Volume is two-
fold : to reveal the existence, and to enunciate the
Will of the Almighty Creator ; and to exhibit prac-
tical examples of the happiness of obedience, and
the misery of disobedience, to that Divine Will.

(3) These are of necessity inseparably connected.

(4) Assurance of the reality of the manifesta-
tions of Himself which are recorded in the Old
Testament, might have been made as certain as
that at the Incarnation " Jesus Christ came to
visit us in great humility'' (CvUcct for Advent ;
compare Phil. ii. 0. Col. ii. 9. Ileb. i. 1 — 4) :
and instead of " He added no more," De. v. 22,
precept might have, in the Sacred Volume, largely
taken the place of example. On the contrary, his-
tory forms the greater part of its contents ; and
that again is mainly occupied with the lives of
men : of some, whom it records as alienated from
God, outcasts from His presence, and abominable in
His sight; of others, as acknowledged and cherished
as His servants. His children, His peculiar people.

" In the Sacred Volume," says Bishop Jebb
{Practical Sermoni, p. 2:34), " life and death, bless-
ing and cursing are set before us, and man is in-
vited to a dedication of himself — a reasonable, holy,
living sacrifice — to crucifixion of flesh, mortifica-
tion of the body, discipline of the mind, and sub-
jugation of the passions ; to forbeai'ance, endurance,
watchfulness, as indispensable pre-requiaites to

purity of heart and peacef ulness of spirit; to the safe
enjoyment of this world, and the final blessedness
of the next." " It is a contradiction to imagine,"
says C. How {Meditation LIV.), ''that any man
can be assured of God Almighty's pardon without
obeying Him, or of the eternal enjoyment of Him
without a firm belief in Him (Ileb. xi. G) : that is,"
he adds, " when from intent meditation and mature
reflection, the judgment, reason, understanding
and all the faculties of the soul are overpowered
with an irresistilJle conviction of the necessary ex-
istence of such a Divine l^eing, representing Him
as infinite in glory, in wisdom, in goodness ; with
such charms, such beauty, such loveliness, as cap-
tivate the soul with a Divine love, possessing it
with an ardent desire after the enjoyment of Him,
laborious endeavours to please Him, incessant striv-
ings to resemble and render ourselves acceptable
to Him. Such a love as, reigning triumphant
in the soul, engrosses its affections, and, divesting
aU other objects of their charms, delivers it up to
the absolute and entire dominion of the great and
glorious Creator."

(5) At the very beginning of his existence (Ge.
ii. 10) man was made acquainted with the great
Law of his being; viz. that the Will of God is
the Rule of Duty. Compare De. v. 32 ; vi. 4, 25 ;
^•ii., viii., ix., xi., xii.

That the Ten Commandments were a re-promul-
gation of an already known law, may be gathered
from the lives of Noah, Abraham, and Job. The
seven precepts of Noah prohibit — I. Idolatry ; II.
Irreverence to the Deity; III. Homicide; W. Un-
chastity ; V. Fraud and plundering ; VI. Disobe-
dience to government; VII. Eating any part of a
li\ ing animal. (Solden, De Jure Xatnrtr. ) These

INTRODUCTION.

may be presumed to have entered into the codes of
the ancient nations of the world, and to have been
part of the '* Law of Nations " which the Roman
lawyers sought in vain to recover.

A. primitive revelation is, in all probability, the
source of what is called the Law of Nature. " I
cannot fancy to myself," says Selden (Table Talk),
" what the law of nature means but the law of God.
How should I know I ought not to steal, I ought
not to commit adulteiy, &c., unless somebody had
told me so ? Sm-ely it is because I have been told
80. It is not because I think I ought not to do
them, nor because you think I ought not ; if so,
our mind might change. Whence then comes the
restraint? From a higher power; nothing else
can bind. I cannot bind myself, for I may untie
myself again ; nor an equal cannot bind me, for we
may untie each other. It must be a superior power
— even God Almighty."

(6) Compliance and non-compliance with the
Will of God, that is, resistance to the desires of the
body and yielding to them, are set forth in many
parts of the writings of S. Paul.* " Walk in the
spirit, and ye shall not fulfil {fulfil not, mar.) the
lust of the flesh" (Ga. v. 16). ''The flesh lusteth
against the spirit, but (Gr.) the spirit against the
flesh ; to the end that ye should not do those
things to which ye are inclined" (v. 17). "Let
not sin, therefore, reign in your mortal body, that
ye should obey the lusts thereof " (Ro. vi. 12).
" I delight in the law of the mind (Ro. vii. 22)
(Vat. MS. Barb. I.) . . . but I see another law
in my members rebelling agiiinst the law of my
mind" . . . (Ro. vii. 23). This warfare is analogous
to the universal law of gravitation, and resist-
ance to gravitation. By gravitation the pendulum
descends, by resistance it ascends; by gravitation
water falls to a lower level, by resistance it rises ;
again, by gravitation the tree decays, by resistance
fresh life springs from the rotting trunk ; by gravi-
tation the radicle seeks the centre, by resistance
the plumule seeks the heavens. Precisely analogous
is the noble nature of man. Only by resistance is
life. " Passion uncontrolled," says Hinton {Life
in Nature, p. 200), " leads to corruption — ends in
death. Operated on by the force which brings its
latent passion into play — the chemical afilni-
ties which its elements contain — the seed begins

to undergo a change, the decomposition of its
substance. The change arises alike in the fer-
tile and the unfertile seed ; it is the starting-point
at once of life and death. Resisted by the germ
it becomes the source of living action — it is the
very power of growth ; the chemical change re-
sisted constitutes the life, and forms the basis
of all subsequent deA'elopment. If unresisted, the
seed decays — it sinks into corruption and is lost.
Throughout life in all its forms this one fact is
presented to us — passion resisted is the source of
life. The law of tension (storing up of power),
translated into language that our souls can under-
stand, signifies self-control, uprightness, holiness."

(7) This edition of the Authorised Version has
been prepared under the firm belief, not only that
a Divine Revelation is historically recorded, but
that the Record (ypa^?}, the Scripture) is itself in-
spired by God {dtoTTvivaTogJ. 2 Ti. iii. 16.

(8) In the infancy of society memorials of various
kinds were employed to preserve the memory of
events. Comp. Ge. xxvi. 33 ; xxviii. 18. Jos. iv. 9 ;
vi. 26 ; viii. 32. Ju. xv. 19. 1 Sa. vii. 12. 2 Ki.
xviii. 5. But the art of writing was very early
practised. Pliny (Nat. Hist. vii. 46) says, " the
use of letters was eternal." "The Phoenicians,"
says Herodotus (v. 58), "first made letters known
in Greece." (Comp. ii. 49). The Phoenician and
the old Hebrew characters are essentially one ; and
it is from the former, rather than from the Egyp-
tians, that the Hebrews obtained theirs. (See Ge.
xlii. 23.) As early as the times of the Patriarchs
a very intimate relation subsisted between the
Hebrews, Phoenicians, and Canaanites. (Compare
Ge. xii. 6 ; xv. 18 ; and xxiii.) Abraham had
jewels (Ge. xxiv. 22, 47) ; Zidon was known to
Jacob as a haven of ships (Ge. xlix. 13. Jos. xix.
10) ; Judah had a seal-ring (Ge. xxxviii. 18 ;
Comp. Ex. xxviii. 11, 21, 36), as the Babylonians
had, according to Herodotus — " Each person has
a seal-ring, and a cane or walking-stick, on the
top of which is carved an apple, a rose, a lily, an
eagle " (i. 195).

Stamped coin seems to have been in use (Ge. xx.
16 ; xxiii. 16 ; xxxiii. 19). Midianitish merchants
pass from Gilead (see De. iii. 12, 13) into Egypt
(Ge. xxxvii. 25). " If," says Iliivernick {Intro, to
Old Test. p. 234), " there was such a connection

INTRODUCTION.

in the patriarchial age with the neighbouring
nations, and at the same time such an inlluence on
the luxury of the Israelites, we can have little
hesitation in ascribing to them also the art of
writing." A class of Egyptian priests appears in
Ge. xli. 8, whose name seems derived from the
iron style mentioned Job xix. 24; xx. 1, .'J2. The
" taskmasters " of Kx. v. 0 are literally " the
wi'iters." (Comp. Iliad, xvi. 457; xvii. 4^35.
Odi/tsct/, xii. 14.)

" If we find," says Hiivemick, " writing enter-
ing deeply into the whole life of a people, we
must of necessity' ascribe to them an early ac-
quaintance with it." The Levites must have
been in possession of the art of writing (Nu. v.
23, De. xxxi. 9, and x\di. 18). They determined
weights and measures ; they decided according to
the law (De. xvi. 18 ; xxi. 5. 1 Ch. xxiii. 4 ; xxvi.
20. 2 Ch. xix. 8 ; xxxiv. 13) ; and to them were
entrusted the genealogies.

In the time immediately succeeding, the art
of writing is fully known. Joshua writes readily
(Jos. xxiv. 20) ; the blessings and curses are
engraven in stones (Jos. viii. 32) ; the lands are
described and measured; the troops are mu.stered
in ■^^Titing (Ju. v. 14. Je. lii. 25) ; and a young man
in Succoth "writ" (Ju. viii. 14 — mar.) the princes.

(9) It is repeatedly stated that Moses wrote the
account of certain events (Ex. xxiv. 4, 7 ; xxxiv.
27. Nu. xxxiii. 2. De. xxxi. 9, 24). Those pre-
vious to his own time were probably not composed,
but arranged and put together by him. That they
had already been committed to writing maj' be
inferred from the fact of the Book of Genesis
consisting of ten sections, each commencing with
the words " This is the generation" (history of the
origin). I. The heavens and the earth (i. — ii. 4).
II. Uf Adam (v. ; vi. 8). III. Of Noah (vi. 9—
ix). IV. The sons of Noah (x.— xi. 9). V. Of
Shem (xi. 10—20). VI. Of Terah (xi. 27— xxv.
11). VII. Of lshmael(xxv. 12— 18). VIII. Of
Isaac (xxv. 19— xxxv). IX. Of Esau (xxxvi).
X. Of Jacob (xxxvii). The tradition of his nation
(.\cts vii. 22. Josephus, Ant. II., x. 1, 2) ascribed
to Moses "learning in all the wisdom of the
l\gyptians." It is probable that he was endowed
with great powers of organisation, had an intimate
iu-quaintanco with Palestine and Egypt, an<l w;isi

master of the entire literature of his age. lie was
therefore competent to the taak of forming the
Pentateuch.

(10) From Adam to the death of Moses com-
prises a space of time of 3873 years, or to 1.500
(15(58) years B.C. About ten years after Joshua
records the events of his own time.

During the succeeding twenty years wo meet
with Kirjath-sepher (Book-town), illustrative of
the state of learning in the age.

Two hundred and fifty years further bring us to
the times of Gideon, where the progress of civili-
sation, and of the arts, is instructively pourtrayed
in the riches of the Ishmaelites: 17U0 shekels of
gold, ornaments, collars, and purple raiment (Ju.
viii. 26. Comp. Ge. xxxvii. 3. Jos. vii. 21).

In less than another 250 years (1000 n.c), we
reach the magnificent reign of Solomon, whose
wisdom " excelled the wisdom of the children of
the East, and .... Egypt .... Ethan .... and
Ileman .... Chalcol and Darda, the sons of song
(or poets)" (1 Ki. iv. 30. See also ver. 32—34.)

Max ]Miiller thinks that the hymns of the lii//-
Veda can be traced to 1000 B.C.

Two himdred and fifty years more, or 750 B.C.,
bring us to the reign of Ilezekiah, who restored
the liturgical service of the Temple, and made
additions to the literature of his age. (2 Ch. xxix,
3; XXX. 1 ; xxxi. 2. Pr. xxv. 1.)

One hundred and fifty years bring us to B.C.
600, the close of the Jewish monarchy. At this
time the prophets flom-ished.

In 100 years, about B.C. 500, we reach the reign
of Darius Ilystaspes ; and 40 years after, the times
of Ezra and Nehomiah; after which, n.c. 400 (409),
in the blaze of the intellectual glory of Greece
and Rome, Old Testament history ends. "Our
forefathers," says Josephus {Con. Ap. i. 0, 7, 8),
" took care about our records .... committing
them to their high priests and prophets. These
records have been written down to our own time
with the utmost accuracy."

We are told by Josephus {Ant. XL, viii. 5) that
the Book of Daniel was shewn to Alexander the
Great (n.c. 332), and within 50 years after (n.c.
285), the .Jewish scriptures were translated into
(Jreek by Alexandrine .Tews; " by several men,"
s;ns Dr. Wall, "and at distant time'*."

INTRODUCTION.

(11) No very ancient Hebrew MSS. exist.
"The oldest," says Bishop Lowth (Diss. p. 82),
" do not come within many centuries of the times
of the several authors, not nearer than about
fourteen centuries to the age of Ezra." The oldest
is No. 154, Kennicott; a.d. HOG. " We possess,"
says Ilavemick (Tntrod. p. 290), "five or six
dated codices of the twelfth century, 50 of the
thirteenth, 80 of the fourteenth, 110 of the
fifteenth."

"There is great reason to think," says Dr. Wall
(Preface, p. 7), "that there existed about a.d. 125
several MS. copies of the Hebrew Bible with vari-
ous readings ; that the rabbis then met at Tiberias,
pitched on one of them as authentic, and destroyed
the rest." This irreparable loss is partly made up
by our possessing the Septuagint, the Samaritan
Pentateuch, and the Syriac and Arabic versions.
" The vast collection of variations," says Bishop
Lowth (Dis.i., p. 83), " may perhaps give us as good
and correct a text as was commonly current among
the Jews in the time of Ezra." " The Heb. MSS.,"
says Kennicott (lictmirkx, p. G), " have brought to
light many various readings which give a powerful
sanction to the ancient versions, by which joint
assistance several parts of the Old Testament are
reconciled, and sense restored to others." "In
some texts," says Dr. WaU (Preface, p. 7), " the
context will convince any reader that the old
translations have preserved the true sense, where
the present has had, by some chance, the words
mi.«-written, mis-spelt, or mis-printed."

" The vowel-points," says Dr. H. Owen (Un-
7»//;-y, Appen. 173), "were invented with a good
design to preserve the knowledge of the language.
From this use they were afterwards perverted to
the purpose of extracting different senses from
controverted texts. By long cultivation they were
improved to their present form, and then fixed to
the whole Bible for the preservation of that sense
in which the learned among the Jews meant it
sliould be understood." This our authorised ver-
sion exactlj' represents, viz., the most approved
rabbinical comment on the Old Testament.

(12) The Providence of God has not interfered
to prevent mistakes from occurring in copies of
the Sacred Scriptures. Such interference would
have been a continual miracle; since, however

infallibly directed prophets and the other inspired
first writers might be, transcribers were ordi-
nary men, to whom no promise was given of
being preserved from comitting mistakes and
blunders. "The condition of the Hebrew text,"
says Bishop Lowth (Diss. p. 79), "is such as,
from the nature of the thing, the antiquity of the
writings, the want of care or critical skill, might in
all reason be expected." .... But "though casual
errors may blemish parts, they do not destroy, or
much alter the whole. Important statements do
not wholly depend on single passages ; a harmony
runs through the Sacred Scriptures ; parts mutu-
ally support and supply each other's deficiencies
and obscurities."

(13) The sacred writers display such careful
citing of original documents, such extraordinary
accuracy in geographical details, and in names of
peoples and cities (most of which have been traced
and identified), such exact marks of time, and so
intimate an acquaintance with the manners and
ciistoms of the several ages of which they treat,
that we are led irresistibly to the conclusion,
that, since they are found trustworthy where their
statements can be verified, they may be implicitly
relied on in other cases where the same verifica-
tion cannot be afforded.

(14) " It may perhaps be asked," says Bishop
Jebb (Practical T/ieolof/;/, ii. 44), " If the Scrip-
tures are indeed so admirably calculated to pro-
mote human happiness, and are really the means
appointed by Infinite Wisdom to effect the graci-
ous purposes of Infinite Goodness, why were those
of the Old Testament confined to a single people,
and why was the volume of Revelation completed
at so late a period ?"

"This objection," says Bishop Butler (Analogy,
ii. G), " is founded on suppositions which are con-
tradicted by the general analogy of nature, and
by not a few instances in the natural government
of the Almighty : 1st, that it cannot be thought
that God would have bestowed any favour at all
on us, unless in that degree which loc thinlj would
be most for our particular advantage; and 2nd,
that He would not bestow on any unless He
bestowed on all."

"We are fully authorised to say," says Bishop
Jebb (Practical Theology, ii. notes p. 45), " that

INTRODUCTION.

in the communication of light and guidance, the
All-wise God has observed an an-angement simi-
lar to what appears in His other dispensations.
The earth does not at once produce its fruit in
full maturity ; man is not born in vigour of body
and strength of mind ; the peopling of the earth
was the work of ages; and society has progres-
sively advanced."

"To render men fit recipients of Christianity
much previous information and culture were
absolutely requisite. The human mind, not en-
lightened by experience, not expanded by liberal
instruction, not exerci;?ed by varied observation,
would have been ill qualified to understand or to
apply its grand comprehensive principles. Before
it could be eflicaciously promulgated, the great
principles of rectitude must be delineated, the
rights and duties of social life ascertained, and
a law of opinion must prevail. Before knowledge
could be extended, rude sentiments and savage
practices must be exchanged for the regularity
and refinement of cultivated society ; a concern
for truth excited by the collision of opinion, mo-
rality enforced by laws, and habits improved by
friendly intercourse; and the process aided by
the infusion of speculative and practical princi-
ples : these, though the mass of mankind could
not invent, they would readily receive and thank-
fully imbibe."

(15) History testifies that this process was
actually pursued. There are few traces of the
earlier civilisations — Assj'rian, Egyptian — but
both learning and literature must have existed and
been appreciated ; " the fame of Solomon (1 Kings
iv. 31) was in all nations round about," and (ver.
34) " there came of all people to hear the wisdom
of Solomon, from all the kings of the earth who
had heard of his wisdom."

(IG) The great and sublime idea of One Ood
gave life, strength, and spirit to virtuous prin-
ciple which never were and never can be derived
from any other source. "Our Lawgiver," says
Joseph us (Con. Ap. ii. 17), "attributed all rule
and all dominion to one I'ncreated, Unchangeable,
Eternal Being. Him he led us to regard as the
Author of all good, whether generally bestowed
in the course of providence, or specially vnuch-
safed to the supplication of the afllicted ; "Whose

knowledge no action escapes, and Who searches
the secrets of our hearts."

This knowledge was to some extent diffused in
the ancient world. "Moses," says Strabo {(^roy.
xvi.), "rejecting images, determined to dedicate
to God a temple worthy of His nature, and to
worship Him as an unembodicd Spirit. He taught
that those who live soberly and justly alone ought
to expect some gift and sign from God. H
instituted worship and religious observances,
encumbered neither with extravagant expense
enthusiastic frenzy, nor absurd practices."

(17) About the time of the closing of the
Canon of the Old Testament (a.d. 400) the enter-
prising spirit of the Greeks was " strengthened,"
says CoUinson (Observatians, p. 135) "by the
power of literature, which began then to arise.
Ilerodotus recited his History publicly n.c. 445.
Thucydides, excited by his example, followed,
and excelled his master. In describing facts and
characters in Greece he laid open the policy of
different states, the causes of events, and the
motives of human actions, with so much truth
and sagacity, that his work contains matter appli-
cable to all times and countries, and is exhibited
with a sense, energy, and precision which taxes
the powers of that incomparable language. About
the same time, in the age of Pericles, flourished
the dramatists, poets, orators, and philosophers;
among them Socrates, who, says Cicero (Tusc.
Qifrst. V. 4), first brought philosophy into the
business of life. Socrates and Plato may be
considered as the founders of moral philosophy
in Europe. To them succeeded Xenophon, De-
mosthenes, Aristotle. These writers please and
instruct by an easy, graceful, natural simplicity,
clear reasoning, and judicious appeal to the pas-
sions. The tendency of their works, like those
of Homer, is extrenu^ly favourable to natural piety
and benevolence. Their effect on different gene-
rations of men it is impossible to calculate."

(1)^) " The Greek literature was a preparation
for Christianity. It contributed to make that
language universal, introduced a love of reading,
and diffused excellent sentiments throughout the
civilised world."

The Romans followed, and on a more intimate
acquaintanco with the Jewish Scriptui-es, they

INTKODUCTION.

must have felt admiration at finding propoimded
with authority in an early age, rules the most
useful and equitable, which themselves only
comparatively late had learned to appreciate, and
had wrought into a system in an inefficient manner
with great labour and the researches of succes-
sive generations (Maine, Ancient Law).

They could not fail to observe that no such
books, and no similar principles, existed among
other nations which they had subdued and civi-
lised, by the same slow gradual process of improve-
ment which they had themselves experienced.

(ID) The order of events in the world is, on the
whole, 80 inexplicable by human discernment, that
the ancient nations were obliged to have recourse
to the hidden over-ruling force of Destiny. In
place of this the Scriptures present the cheei-ing
idea of Providence watching over human affairs ;
and Christianity completes and expands this view ;
the great fact of the Incarnation bringing " life and
immortality to light; " shewing that an Atonement
has been made for the entire race of man ; repre-
senting the God of righteousness and judgment in
the endearing character of a Deliverer from sin
and misery. " In consequence of sin," says S.

Paul (Ro. vi. 10), " He died once for all

Likewise reckon ye also yourselves dead indeed
unto sin, but alive unto God through the Christ,
Jesus" (Vaf. 3LS.) "For as in Adam all die,
even so in Christ shall all be made alive " (An-
them for Easter, 1 Co. xv. 22).

In accordance with the declaration of S. Paul
(Ro. vi. 3) "we are baptised into His death,"
i. e. baptism represents our profession .... that as
He died and rose again, so should we . . . die
from sin and rise again unto righteousness; and
"continually mortifying (Bapfistnal Service) all
our evil and corrupt affections, daily proceed in
all virtue and godliness of living : " and in re-
membrance of His death " we celebrate and make
(Scotch Hook of Com. Prayer, 1637) the memo-
rial which He hath willed us to make, having in
remembrance His blessed passion, mighty resur-
rection, and glorious ascension, rendering unto the
Lord, our Heavenly Father, most hearty thanks
for the innumerable benefits procured unto us
by the same ;" viz., that we are made members of
Christ, children of God, and inheritors of the

kingdom of heaven, i.e. Christianity and its ac-
companying blessings.

(20) From Just and happy conceptions of Al-
mighty God is derived the cheerfulness of our
services. " It is not," says Bishop Jebb (Prac.
Theology, ii. p. 87), " as an inexorable sovereign,
but as a loving, gracious Parent, that we are invited
to approach the Best of Beings, 'Who hateth
nothing that He hath made,' Whose nature and
property it is ever to have mercy and forgive."
The hymns that enliven our daily service are
devout, calm, animated, and impassioned — accord
with the best natural instincts, and the purest
feelings attainable on this side heaven. The whole
tenor of the services is dignified and reverential,
simple, yet majestic ; and their object and effect
are to make our nearest and most joyful ap-
proach to God's Almightiness resemble the august
humility of angels."

(21) The reason why people are not, generally,
religious, and why among the religious so many
are not happy, is that they associate with their
religion ideas of constraint and gloom.

That Christianity is a religion (reliyio from
rcliyo, " I bind hard ") of restraint is true, but
unalloyed Christianity is " a service of perfect
freedom" {Collect). "It gives," says C. ITow,
" a greatness of soul truly noble, to a virtuous
man, to consider how honourable he is made by
his being the servant of so great and glorious a
Master. With what generous thoughts, what
firm and graceful confidence, does the assurance
of His favour and love inspire him. How con-
temptible do the interests and pursuits, hopes
and fears, desires and aversions of the world
appear to him whose heart is enlightened and
enlarged with the love of His great Creator and
mercifid Redeemer."

From his possessing a free and intelligent will
man is capable of the highest degree of happiness.
By conformity to the Divine Will he becomes
akin to the Divine Nature (Ro. xii. 12. 2 Pe. i. 4).
" Misery," says C. How {Med. xc), " proceeds
either from desiring things vicious or impossible,
or from dreading things natural and unavoidable.
True happiness consists in such a peaceful tran-
quillity and contentment as is neither rufiied by
fear nor discomposed by desire." Tliis is attained

INTRODUCTION.

only by sincere and unreserved obedience ; " he
that obeyeth (Or.) not the Son shall not see life "
(S. John iii. 'M). To this end we pray that we
may "love the thing which God has commanded"
(Collect, 4th S. after E.); having our hearts
" mortified " (Col. iii. 5) " from all worldly and
carnal lu~ts, we may in all things obey His
blessed wall" (Circiim.) ; having our "flesh sub-
dued"' (Ga. v. 10. Kom. viii. 4); "we may ever
obey His godly motions " (1st S. in L.) ; and
" putting away the leaven of malice and wicked-
ness, we may always serve Him in pureness of
living " (Id S. after JE.) ; and " daily endeavour
ourselves to follow the blessed steps of His most
holy life " (2ml S. after E.) ; and " think those
things that be good, and by God's merciful guid-
ing perfoiTU the same " (Wi S. after E.) ; and " in
keeping His commandments may please Him "
(1st S. after T.) " He woidd make us continually
to be given to all good works " (17^/t S. after T.) ;
and " ready both in body and mind may cheerfully
accomplish those things that He would have
done" (20/// ,S'. after T.).

('2'2) " If," says the author of Philosophical
Theories and Philosophical Experience, p. 45, "to
an individual involved in the perplexities caused
by man's perverse "will, the schooling of his wishes
to the Divine be productive of peace and happi-
ness, a spring of never-failing content and satis-
faction, what would be the consequence if a whole
comnuinity were under the same influence ? "

" It would not then be asked why evil is in the
world, for there would be none. Health would
not be worn out with labour, nor hearts broken
by unkindness. Disease no longer brought on by
excess, and science controlling that arising from
natural causes, death would become a pleasant
journey to a happier land. The mass of suffering
swept away, three generations of a wise and

virtuous race would nearly efface the mis-
chiefs of the ages of sin and sorrow which had
preceded."

The identity of our will with that of the Deity
is the sum and substance of religion and philo-
sophy. Having become the children of God (llo.
viii. 14. 1 John iv. 1), identified in our affections,
our interests, our designs with the Father of our
love, we should have His wisdom to guide, and
His power to help us.

True religion is without terror. We believe it,
for it is not repugnant to our rational and instinc-
tive feelings ; it is loveable, and therefore we can
cherish it in our hearts, and keep it beside us as
our companion ; it is pleasant, and therefore is
never inappropriate; it is rational, and therefore
satisfies the intellect ; it lays hold on our feelings,
and therefore becomes a constant source of action.
Learning to love what is both agrd&able and wise,
all inclination to any other course disappears, and
what was at first weighed and deemed fitting,
becomes at last habitual, and we act aright almost
without reflection.

Acting in conformity with our true nature,
conferring happiness, and piu'suing knowledge,
there arise a peaceful serenity and tranquil joy
amid the vicissitudes of life, more akin to heaven
than to earth.

Perfect love having cast out fear (1 John iv. 18),
and " faith being perfected by love " (Ga. v. G.
Dp. Bull, Def Eid. Nic), we can bless God for
our creation, preservation, and all the blessings of
this life ; and, carrying our religion into the every-
day business of life, with hearts unfeignedly
thankful, can shew forth His praise not only with
our lips but with our lives, — give up ourselves
to His service, and walk before Him in holiness
and righteousness all our days, through Jesua
Christ our Lord.

ROBERT B. BLACKADER.

KEY TO THE SECTIONS.

SECTIONS.

1 — 13. Genesis i. — xi. 26.
14. Job.

15— 61.

Genesis xi. 27 — 1-

62—105.

Exodus.

106—111.

Leviticus.

112—150.

Numbers.

151—178.

Deuteronomy.

170—203.

Joshua.

204—216.

Judges i. — vi. 6.

217.

Euth.

218—230.

Judges vi. 7 — xxi.

231—282.

1 Samuel, and part of Psalms.

[Fkom David, to

THE CARRYING AWAY TO BaBYLON.]

283-337.

2 Samuel, and part of Psalms.

339—354.

1 Kings.

355.

Song of Solomon.

3.58.

Proverbs.

360.

Ecclesiastes.

361— .'384.

Kings, and part of Chronicles.

385—404.

2 Kings.

405.

Jonah.

4()7.

Joel.

408.

Amos.

409.

Hosea.

410.

Isaiah.

413.

Mi(tah.

423.

Nahum.

424.

Habakkuk.

426.

Jeremiah i. — xii.

427.

Zephaniah.

431.

Jeremiah xiii. — xx.

434.

Jeremiah xxii. — lii.

440.

Lamentations.

[From the carrying away to Babylon, to Christ.]

441.

Ezekiel.

442.

2 Kings XXV. 22—30. Obadiah.

444.

Daniel.

445—448.

Ezra i. — iv. 24.

449.

Haggai.

450.

Zechariah i. — vi.

451—4.53.

Ezra i v. 24— vi. 14.

454.

Zechariah vii. viii.

455.

Ezra vi. 14—22.

456.

Zechariah ix. — xiv.

457.

Esther.

458—461.

Ezra vii. — x.

462—475.

Kehemiah i. — xiii.

476.

Malachi.

477.

Nehemiah xiii. 15, 30.

ROLL OF THE LINEAGE OF THE LORD JESUS CHRIST.

" All the generations from Abraham to David are fourteen generations ; and from David until the
carrying away into Babylon arc fourteen generations ; and from the caiTying away into Babylon unto
Christ (ire fourteen generations." — (S. Mattheiv i. 17.)

" The Lord God hath raised up an horn of salvation for us in the house of His servant David ; as
He spake by the mouth of Ilis holy prophets, which have been since the world (i. e. the Jewish
economy) began." — (S'. Luk<' i. (39, 70.)

" Father " denotes ancestor, and " Son " descendant. The word " Son " as used in this
genealogy, marks the person to be the head of a subordinate family. " Begat " marks the line
of natural descent, though in some cases generations are omitted. The line from Salmon
became extinct by the death of the two sons of Elimelech (Uutli i. 5), the eldest branch. The
next, or second, declined to comply with the law of consanguinity, choosing to continue to be
the head of a subordinate family. The heirship devolved, therefore, on Booz, a grandson by
Salmon's third son. So in the case of Joram and the succession of Ozias. It appears from
2 Chr. xxi. that Ochozias only was left, who was slain by Jehu, and all tlie rest of the
seed-royal by Athaliah, except Joash. In 2 Ki. xv. 1, 2 Chr. xxvi., Azarias, or Azias, was
made king, and called " son " of Joram ; the line through Ochozias, Joas, and Amazias, being
then extinct and set aside. •

FIRST PERIOD.

SECOND PERIOD.

THIRD PERIOD

1. Isaac.

1. Solomon.

1. Jechonias.

2. Jacob.

2. Roboam,

2. Salathiel.

3. Judas.

3. Abia.

3. Zorobabel.

4. Phares.

4. Asa.

4. Abiud.

5. Esrom.

5. Josaphat.

5. Eliakim.

6. Aram.

6. .loram.

6. Azor.

7. Aminadab.

7. Father of Azaria'.

7. Sador.

8. Naasson.

8. Ozins.

8. Achim.

9. Salmon.

9. Joatham.

9. Eliud.

10. Father of Booz.

10. Achaz.

10, Eleaz.ar.

11. Booz.

11. Ezekia?.

11. Matthan.

12. Obed.

12. Manasses.

12. Jacob.

l.'i. Jesse.

l.'j. Anion.

l."5. .losepb.

14. David.

14. .losiasi

14. Jesus.

The throe elder branches of Josias' family became extinct at the capture of Jerusalem,
B.C. 580, and the death of Zedekiah ; and the line of succession passed to his youngest son.
Jechonias; hence the phrase "Jechonias and his brethren." Ho and his mother, and the
artisans and chiefs, and other prisoners of distinction, were sent to Babylon.

C. THOMSON.

INDEX.

BAPTISM. Mat. 3. 11, 15; 12. 45, 48; 28. 19.
Ma. 1. 4; 10. 38 ; 16. IG. Lu. 11. 38. Jno. 1.26;

3. 22. 25. Ac. 16. 33; ly. 4. Eo. vi. heading. Eo.
6. 3. 1 Co. 15. 21. Tit. 3. 5. 1 Pe. 3. 21.

BELIEVING. Ma. 16. 15. Jno. 2. 11 ; 3. 36 ; 6. 20 ;
11. 15,45; 12.47; 13. 1, heading; 14. 1, 29; 20.
8.25. Ac. 11. 17; 19.4. Ga. 3. 7.

BODY (The). Eo. 6. 12. Ga. 5. 17. 1 Th. 4. 3.

CIVILISATION. Ge. 25. 34. Jos. 15. 16, 48 ; 18. 4;
21. 10. Ju. 11. 15. 1 Sa. 8. 15. 2 Ki. 17. 6.

CHEIST (The). Mat. 2. 6; 7. 29; 8. 5, 17; 11. 6;
16. 13; 21. 42. Lu. 7. 23; 9. 35; 12. 36; 23.43.
Jno. 2. 11; 4. 10; 5, 27, 29; 6. 47; 14. 8, 13;
19. 28. Ac. 4. 12 ; 17. 3 ; 18. 28 ; 26. 23. Eo. 10.

4, 17. 1 Cor. 12. 8. 2 Cor. 2. 12; 3, 12; 6, 15. Ga.
3. 16. Ph. 1. 21. Ee. 6. 2.

CHEISTIANS— CHEISTIANITY. Mat. 10. 21, 35 ;
11. 5; 23. 8; 24. 29; 25. 14; 28. 19. Ma. 1. 15;
9. 1, 50 ; 10. 27 ; 13. 14, 26, 34 ; 14, 25. Lu. 1. 33 ;
8. 10; 11. 13; 12.36,42. Ac. 1.8; 11.26; 13.34;
14. 22; 18. 2; 22. 4 ; 25. 26. Note at end of Acts.
Intro, to Eomans. Eo. 10. .3—14. 1 Co. 2. 6; 4.
20 ; 7. 19 ; 8. 2. 2 Cor. 6. 15. Intro, to Galatians.
Ga. 2. 5, 16, 17; 3. 7. Ep. 2. 7. E«. 11. 19.

DISCEEPANCIES. Ge. 36. 31. Jos. 15. 32; 19. 2,
47; 21. 10. Ju. 7. 3; 8, 4; 10. 12. 1 Sa. 14. 14.

DUTY. Ge. 29. De. 29. 29. Jos. 13. 21. 1 Ki. 17,
18 ; 18. 12 ; 22. 37. 2 Ki. 5. 12 ; 6. 5 ; 22. 2 ; 23.
21. 1 Ch. 4. 10. IVIat. 21. 21, 32. Ma. 14. 22. Jno.
14. 1.

GENEALOGIES. Ge. 46. 27. Jos. 17. 2. 2 Sa. 24.
23. Ez.2.02. Ne.7.5. Mat. 1. 1. Lu. 2.8, heading;
3. 23, 34.

HISTOEIC ACCUEACY. Ge. 36. 31, 39. Jos. 10.
15; 11. 15; 14. 1; 15. 3, 32; 18. 13, 16; 19. 2;

21. 11, 18. Ju. 1. 12; 8. 4; 12. 15; 20, 35. 1 Sa.
4. 1 ; 5. 5. 1 Ki. 2. 23; 3. 15; 14. 19. 2 Ki. 1. 17.
1 Ch. 6. 70 ; 7. 2 ; 8. 30. Ez. 6. 15. Ne. 9. 7. Je.
32. 44 ; 51. 64.

LAW. G«. 2. 9; 11.44; 20.5. De. 5.7; 13.5; 31.
26. Ju. 11. 15. 1 Sa. 6. 15; 26. 9. 1 Ki. 2. 1. Ps.
119. 67.

NUMBEES. 1 Sa. 6. 19 ; 13. 5. 2
15. 7. 1 Ki. 7. 26. Ez. 2. 1.

8. 4 ; 10. 18 :

OBEDIENCE. De. 6. 2 ; 26. 19 ; 29. 29 ; 30. 14.
Jos. 24. 14. 2 Sa. 7. 29 ; 22. 40 ; 24. 24. 1 Ki. 3.
13; 6. 11; 11. 13; 12.9,23; 13,8; 17. 18. 2 Ki.
1. 12; 5. 12; 23. 21. 1 Ch. 4. 10; 22. 12. Intro, to
Job. Intro, to Proverbs. Eze. 11. 19. Mat. 7. 22;
22. 23; 11. 25; 12. 50; 18. 3; 21. 21 ; 25. 21, 30.
Ma. 16. 16. Lu. 4. 8; 6. 44, 46; 11. 2; 12. 58; 16.
30; 17. 10; 20. 25. Jno. 3. 36; 5. 44; 7. 17; 16.
7; 18.36; 20.22.

PENTATEUCH. Ge. 35. 31, 39. Jos. 23. 2. 1 Sa.
12. 3. 1 Ki. 2. 3. 2 Ki. 22. 8. 2 Ch. 34. 14.

EELIGION. De. 6. 2 ; 12. 12 ; 13. 23 ; 30. 18 ; 31.
19. 2 Sa. 19. 36; 22. 19. 1 Ki. 8. 27; 22. 33. 2 Ki.

1. 12; 7. 19; 10. 16. Is. 58. 13. Mat. 13. 38; 18.
3 ; 21. 20, 21 ; 23. 23; 25. 21. Ma. 7. 1 ; 8. 32; 12.
31. Ln. 6. 44, 46, 49; 11. 2; 16. 30; 20. 25. Jno.
14. 1. Ac. 20. 27; 23. 1 ; 26. 5. Eo. 1. 21 ; 4. 3, 20;
8. 4. 1 Co. 3. 1 ; 7. 19. 1 Ti. 4. 7 ; 6. 5, 8. 2 Ti. 2.

2. He. 11.5.

TE.INSCEIBEES, TEXT. Ex. 36. 35. Nu. 3. 39.
Jos. 10. 15; 1.5. 32; 19. 2. 2 Sa. 18. 3; 21. 8.
1 Ki. 7. 26. 2 Ki. 8. 16. 1 Ch. 6. 28. 2 Ch. 21. 12.
Intro, to Ezra. Intro, to Nchemiah. Je. 27. 19 ; 39.
4 ; 52. 28. Intro, to Ezekiel. Eze. 4. 5.

WEITING. Ge. 5. 3; 23. 16; 41. 42. Ex. 32. 13.
Jos. 11. 19; 24. 26. Ju. 1. 21 ; 8. 13. 1 Sa. 10. 25.
1 Ki. 2. 3. 2 Ki. 22. 8. 1. Ch. 28. 19.

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Sturge, J. Y., Esq.

Stanger, James, Esq.

Shaw, Robert E. Esq.

Watson, The Rev. R. M.

Wood, The Vice-Chancellor Sir W. Page.

Worsley, The Rev. Thomas, D.D.

Wordsworth, The Rev. Canon, D.D.

Wilder, The Rev. Thomas.

Wright, The Rev. Thomas Preston.

Williams, The Rev. W.

Williams, The Rev. Rowland, D.D.

Whichcote, The Rev. C.

WooDROw, Andrew, Esq.

Wright, W. H., Esq. (4 copies.)

Whitaker, Mrs.

Wyndham, Miss A.

Wilson, Thomas, Esq.

White, The Rev. Charles.

Whiteford, William, Esq.

A SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF SACRED CHRONOLOGY.

PREFACE.

TN tlic following Tabic the dates of Bishop Russell arc followed. This has been deemed the most likely
way to advance the cause of truth. To adhere to the system of the latest writer of eminence in .Sacred
Chronology, and to exhibit it in the pages of the first edition of the Chronological Bible, must prepare tlie
way fur still greater approximate correctness. The Chronology of Bishop Russell is mainly that of Dr.
Hales, which is substantially that of Jackson, — all three being founded on the Septuaoint. The compu-
tation which is adopted in our common English version is that of Archbishop Usher, slightly amended by
Lloyd, which is based on the Hkhukw Text. Some writers, whose opinions are entitled to great respect,
including Greswell and the late Mr. Clinton, still maintain the authenticity of the Hebrew Chronology ;
though the evidence to the contrary seems to preponderate. The variance between these two systems arises
principally from the discrepancy existing between our present copies of the Hebrew text and the version
of the Seventy, as to the ages of the patriarchs at the births of their eldest sons ; in which particular there
is reason to believe that the Hebrew Scriptures have been corrupted by the Jews. The Samaritan manu-
scripts are still more corrupt in their chronology than the Hebrew copies, and even the chronology of
Josephus has been tampered with. These facts are proved by Dr. Hales and others, from internal evidence,
the testimony of early Christian writers, and even from the admissions of Jewish doctors. The shorter
computation appears to liave been fabricated by the Jews about the time of the publication of the Seder
Olaiii Il(ihlja, their great system of Chronology, a.d. 130, the author of which was Rabbi Josi or Jos6 ; and
their motive for so doing was evidently to throw discredit upon the widely received opinion (grounded
ciiiefly on the fact of the creation of Adam on the sixth day of the week), that the Messiah would come
during the sixth millennium of the world : an opinion which, whether well-founded or not, was at least
njiparenthj sanctioned by the birth of Jesus Christ, according to the computation then received, about the
middle of that period. From an independent investigation, we have arrived at the conclusion that
the computations of Dr. Hales and Bishop Russell approximate so closely to the truth, that they can never
be very materially corrected ; for though the different periods of the commencement of the year, and the
probable use in many cases of round numbers, render perfect accuracy unattainable, yet it should be
observed, that records of concurrent periods frequently correct each other ; and we have no reason to despair
of the fulfilment of the words of Dr. Hales : — " I am persuaded that the whole of ancient chronology, sacred
and profane, may be reduced to one simple, uniform, and consistent system .... and the whole be brought
t() the highest degree of prohahlUty, bordering on moral certainty, beyond which it cannot be raised from the
imperfection of several of the lea<ling data ; for ' Wlio can count the sand of the sea, and the drops of rain, and
the days of the icorhl,' with absolute certainty, but He who made them all — the Ancient of Days."

A SYNOrTICAL TABLE OF SACRED CHRONOLOGY.

A SYNOPTICAL TABLE.

PERIOD FROM THE CREATION TO THE

Yrs.

inter-

B. C veoing

DELUGE.

The Creation (the work of 6 clays.)

Seth bom, Adam's age being 2.30

Enos born, Setli being 205

Canaan born, Enos being 190

Mahalaleel born, Canaan being ...170

Jarecl born, Mahalaleel being 165

Enoch born, .Tared being 162

Methuselah born, Enoch being 165

Lamech born, Methuselah being ...187
[Vaf. 107. Alex. 187.

Noah boni, Lamech being 182

[■Toseplms, Heb. ami Hales.
The Deluge begms, Noah being.... 600

2256

* The Copts and Abyssiuians refer the birth of (Mnist to the
year of the creation of Adam, 5500. — Niebuhr, Desc. ilc. VArahie, p. 98,
and Harris's .Ethiopia, vol. lii., p. 198.

.5441

230

5211

230

435

5006

205

625

4816

190

795

4646

170

960

4481

165

1122

4319

162

1287

4154

165

1474

3967

187

1656

3785

182

2256

3185

60U

PER

lOD FROM THE DELUGE TO THE CALL
OF ABRAM.

2258

3183 2

Arphaxad, son of 8hem, born two
years after the flood 2

[The Septuagint (Gen. x. 24 and xi.
12) inserts here a second Canaan,
as the son of Arpliaxad and father
of Salah, whose generation makes
an addition to the chronology of
130 years. With this agrees Lu.
iii. 36 in all ancient MSS., except
the Codex Bez(p. at Cambridge.
We are necessarily led to the con-
clusion tliat the words Iiave been
omitted in the Hebrew text. It
is true that this Canaan is not
mentioned 1 Ch. i. 18, but the
Septuagint contains it in all the
editions excejit the Vatican, which
is defective here. The Alexan-
drine, the Complutcnsian and Al-
dine editions all r(;ad, " And Ar-
phaxad begat Cainan, andCainnn
begat Sala." Bp. Walton, 7Vo/.,
ix., g 64, says " the name of Cainan
is found in all the MSS., even the
most iincient, both of the Septua-
gintandof.St. Luke." It was .also
in the Cottonian Fragment of Gen-
esis.]

Cai-ry up 2

Yr».

inter-
B.C. venins.

2258

3183

2393

3048

135

2523

2918

130

2650

2788

130

2787

2654

1.34

2917

2524

130

3049

2392

132

3179

2262

130

3258

2183

3328

2113

Yra.

Brought up 2

Canaan born, Arphaxad being 135

Salah born, Canaan being 130

Eber born, Salah being 130

Peleg born, Eber being 134

Reu born, Peleg being 130

Serug born, Reu being 132

Nahor born, Serug being 1 30

Terah born, Nahor being 79

Ahram born, Terah being 70

Abram leaves Haran, being 75

1147

PERIOD FROM THE CALL OF ABRAM TO
THE EXODUS.*

Yrs.
A.M. B.C. iutvg. Yrs.

3403 2038 75 Isaac is born (Abraham aged 100) 25

3428 2013 25 Jacob is born, Isaac being 60

3488 1953 60 Jacob comes into Egypt, being ...130

3618 1823 130 Jacob dies, after residing in Egypt 17

3635 1806 17 Joseph dies (54 years afterwards) . 54

3()89 1752 54 Moses is born (63 years after) 63

3752 1689 63 Moses in Egypt and in Midian .... 80
3832 1609 80 One year expired before the Exo-
dus from Egypt 1

430

* Sec Exod. xii. 40, in tlie Sept. and Sam., "Now tlie sojotu-niiif;
of t)io chihlren of I.srael and of tlieir fathei's, which tliey scijdiirmd in
the land of Canaan, and in tlie land of Egypt, and in ihi- In ml of Cn-
niKiii (was) four hundred (and) thirty years." St. I'aul exi)re.ssly
says tliat the Law was 430 years after the promise made to Aljraliam.
Ga. iii. 17.

PERIOD FROM THE EXODUS TO THE
BUILDING OF THE TEMPLE.

The Israelites pass in the Wilder-
ness 40

Joshua's wars last 5

Division of the land by lot 1

Administration of the Elders be-
gins, which lasts 20

Israel serves Chushan-Rishathaim
during 8

Carry over 74

A.M.

li.C,

Yra.

iiitvg.

3833

1608

.3873

1568

,3878

15(53

3879

1562

3899

1542

A SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF SACRED CHRONOLOGY.

Yrn.

A.M. B.C.

iutvg.

aitos

1533

:}'.»48

1403

3itC>(3

1475

4(t4(;

13'.I5

4ut;o

1375

410(5

1335

4ii:{

1328

4153

1288

4ir)(;

1285

417',»

I2t;2

4'->()l

1240

42 lit

1222

4225

121 (•)

4232

120!)

4242

lun)

4250

1191

4270

1171

4290

1151

20 1

4310

1131

4330

1111

4342

1099

43S2

1059

4422

1019

40,

Yrs.

Broupjlit up 74

Othnicl jiul^^'s Israel 40

Israel serves Kpflou 18

Eliiul ju<1;j:<'s Israel (Shaiugar 1.)... 80

Jahin oppresses Israel 20

Debdraii and Barak govern Israel

(luring 4(1

Israel serves Midian 7

(Jideon judges Israel 10

Abinielech judges Israel 3

Tola judges Israel 23

.lair judges Israel --

'i'lit^ .Viuinonites oppress Israel is

Jepiithah judges Israel 'i

Ibzan judges Israel 7

Elonjudg(!S Israel lo

Abdon judges Israel 8

First servitude to the rhilistines,

which lasted 20

Samson judges Israel 20

Eli judges Israel 20

2nd servitude to the Philistines*... 20

Sanuiel judges Israel (alone) 12

Saul reigns 40

David reigns 40

Solomon's reign to the templef ... 3

591

* Up to this period, thoro arc cxnctlv 496 yours, from which, if
4(5 yours from tlie E.xodiis to tln' dividing of the land of Cnnaan are
di'dncted, we have e.xartly thr 4.')(i years of Paul, (Acts xiii. 20.) The
coiiiincnremcnt of I'aiil'.s l.'iO years is proved thus : — Caleb was 40
years old when sent as a spy in the second j-ear after the K.xodns,
(Comp. Nn. x. 11 ; and xiii. 6; and Jos. xlv. 7.) Consequently, at tlie
entrance, his age was 79. At the time of the first division of the
land his age was 85 (.los. xiv. 10), tlierefore that division was made
6 years after the entrance. Tliis very nearly agi-ees witli the state-
ment of Josephus, who fixes the division of the land in the 5th year
after the entrance.

t Acconling to the Hebrew text (1 Kings vl. 1), the temple com-
menced ill the 48<)th year, and according to the Septuagint in the
440th year after the Kxodus, in the 4th year of the reign of Solomon.
This verse involves great chronological dithcnlties, both these dates
Ix'ing totally irreconcilable with tlie 450 years of Paul, whose reik-
oiiiiig is snppoited not only by Josephus, but by many remarkable
Coincidences. It is in the highi'st degree probable, that the Hebrew
text is corrupt here, and the ^^eptuagiIlt still more so.

TEKIOD FIIOM THE BUILDING OV THE
TEMPLE TO THE CAPTIVITY.

A.M.

4425
44(52
4479
4482
4523
4548
4.55fi
4557
45(53
4602
4632

Yr».

intvK.

lOlG

979

9(52

959

918

893

885

884

878

838

809

Yri..

Kcmaindcr of Solomon's reign 37

liehoboam reigns 17

Abijah or Abijani reigns 3

,\sa reigns 41

.1 ehosha phat reigns 25

.lorani reigns 8

.\haziah reigns 1

Athaliah, queen, reigns (5

Jehoash reigns 40

Aniaziah reigns 29

Uzziali reigns 52

Carry up 259

Yr».
iulvg.

Ym.

Brought up 2.59

Jotham reigns Ki

Ahaz reigns Ki

Ilezekiah reigns 29

[During his reign Samaria is
taken, and the ten tribes carried
away by Slialnianeser.J

Manasseh reigns 55

Anion reigns 2

Josiaii reigns 31

Jehoahaz or Shalluni, 3 months,
Jehoiakun reigns (11 years in
all*) '^

411

* TIic Bcvcnty years' captivity is reckoned from the 3rd year of
Jelioiakim.

4<584

757

4700

741

1(3

471(5

725

1(5

4745

(590

4795

(54 1

4.S00

(539

4S33

(508

PERIOD OF THE CAPTIVITY.

A.M.

483(5
4844

4855

4880

48G3
4888

4890

4905

Yrs.
B.C. iiuvR.

005

597

586

561

558

553

551

536

535

Commencement of the Captivity.

Remainder of Jelioiakim's reign ...

Jehoiachin or Coniah reigns (3 (

months) and Zedekiah reigns ... )

(He is carried to liabylon by)

Nebuchadnezzar, who reigns

(He is succeeded by)
Evil Merodacli,* who reigns at
Babylon

(And is succeeded by)

Belshazzar,t his son, who reigns ...

Darius the Medc (Cy-'ixares) and son

of Astyages,!; (Jos., Atit., x., 11) ...

Nabonadius, after a period of 15 years,

revolts against Cvms. who had

succeeded to the united kingdom

of the Medes and Persians

Cyrus takes Babylon, and liberates
the Jews, who thcreu])on return
to Jerusalem under Zerubbabel .
End of the 70 years' captivity.

• In I'sher's computation, his ivigii (n-okoned at 2 years), and
Ncriglissar (4 vears), and his son Laboro.soarehad (9 nioiithsi, are
placed between Kvil Merodach and Pelshazzar. (.loseplins. Jut.,
xi. 12, says that Ilelshazzarwas Nabonadius.a statement which seems
to be inconsistent with established facts.)

t Usher and his f.dlowers reckon Ins reign at 17 years, hut this
is probably nn error arising from the identilicntioii of two evenU
which there is n>nson to believe were ix-rfectly distinct and sepamted
by a considerable interval of time. It is believed that shortly after
the munler of Helshazzar or Neriglissar, and the death of LaN.ro-
Roarchad, his son, 9 months after, " Uarins, the .Median, took (or
accepted; the kingdom" peaceably, ns the person host entitled to the
successi.m, and appointed Nalxinadiiis or I.nbynetus (whom Usher
and others suppose to be IJclshaztar) tributary king or viceroy, and
died 2 vears afterwards.

X Styled Aluisuenis, (Dan. Ix. 1.)

A SYNOPTICAL TABLE OF SACRED CHRONOLOGY.

Yrs.
A.M. B.C. intvg.

Yrs.

Cyinis reigns after, 0 years 6

Cambyses rcipcns 7 years and 5~i
montlis,ancl.Smer(lis*theMagian, >- 8

7 montlis )

[The second temple completed.]

Darius Ilystaspes reignsf 36

Xerxes reigns| 21

Artaxcrxes Longimanus, 40 years, 1
and Xerxes and Sogdianus, his I .„
two immediate successors, reign

less than a year

Darius Nothus§ reigns 19 years.
In his tliird year the Old testa- y 3
ment History terminates

116

* Smordis (or Cambyses) is prohalily the Artaxerxes of Ezra iv. 7.

t Called ill Scriptun", Darius, King of Persia (Ezra iv. 5, 2-1).

I Uslior, Calnict, Milinan, ar.d tlio writer in Kitto's Bihliml Cydo-
pcFtliii, regard liim as Ahasuenis (styled in the Septuagint, Arta-
xerxes), tlie liusband of Esther.

g Darius the Persian, (Neh. sii. 22.)

4912

529

4020

521

49ot".

4.sr>

4977

464

5018

423

Yr8.

A.M. B.C. intvg

5021

420

5037

405

5080

3G1

5103

338

5105

336

5112

329

PERIOD FROM THE END OF THE CArTIVlTY
TO THE BIRTH OF CHRIST.

Remainder of the reign of Darius

Nothus 16

Artaxerxes Mnemon reigns 43

Artaxerxes Ochus reigns 23

Arses reigns 2

Darius Codomanus reigns 7

End of the Persian Empire.

Alexander the Great reigns 6

Ptolemy Lagus reigns 39

Ptolemy Philadelphus reigns 38

Ptolemy Euergetes reigns 24

Ptolemy Philopater reigns 19

Ptolemy Epiphanes reigns 23

Ptolemy Plalometer reigns 30

The Asmoneans to Christ 150

329

5118

323

5157

284

5195

246

5219

222

5248

193

5271

170

RECAPITULATION.

YEARS.

From tiie Creation to the Deluge 2256

From tue Deluge to the call of Abraham 1147

From the call op Abraham to the Exodus 430

From the Exodus to the building of the Temple 591

From the Temple to the Captivity 411

From the beginning op the Captivity 70

To the close op the Old Testament History 116

To the end op the Persian Empire 91

Thence to Christ 329

5441

A.M. 0. 1
B.C. W41. i

j GEN. 1,
1 1-20.

TlIK

FIRST BOOK OF MOSES,

GENESIS.

a Jno. 1, 1.

b OfoUl hast thou
laid tlie foumla-
tioiiof thoi'iirth:
ami the lieaveiis
an' tho work of
Thy liauds. I's.
10-2, 25.

c Je. 51, 15. rs.
146, 6. Is. 44,
24. Ze. 12, 1.

<l Ho spake, and
it was done ; ho
coiiiinandi'd,aiid
it btiiod fast.
Ve. 33, 9.

e 2 Cor. 4, 6.

a Ileb., beticeen
the light and be-
tween the dark-
ness.

/Vs. 74, 16, and
104, 20.

/3 Hfh., And thf
eveniny wns^ di'
the morning
was.

y Ileb., expan-
sion.

ij lla.st thou witli
Him spri'ud out
the sky, which
is stron;;, and as
aniolten hulking'
glass? Job37,lS.

h He esta-
blished the
clouds above ...
Hestivn},'theni'd
the foundations
of the deei). Pr.
8, 28.

; Vs. 14S, 4.

AJob.3S, 10, 11,
and 26, 10. 2Pe.
3,5.

In First Record. (Perhaps transmittid [ 1
.J hy Adam.) i.— ii. 3. L

The creation of the heavens and the earth.

N the beginning" God created* the
heaven"^ and the earth.

2 And the earth was withont form,
and void; and darkness teas upon
the face of the deep. And the Spirit
of God moved upon the face of the
waters.

3 And God said/' "Let there be
light:"'

And there was light. * And God
saw the light, that it icas good : and
(Jod divided the light from tlie dark-
ness." ^And God called the light
Day,-^ and the darkness lie called
Night. And the evening and the
morning were the first day.^

6 And God said, " Let "there be a
firmament"*'^ in the midst of the
waters, and let it divide the waters
from the waters."

7 And God made the finnament,
and divided the waters which icere
under'' the firmament from the waters
which iccre above' the firmament :
and it was so. ^And (Jod called the
firmament Heaven. And the evening
and the morning were the second day.

••And (iod said, "Let the waters
under the heaven be gathered toge-
ther unto one place, and let the dry
land apjjcar :"*

And it was so. ^^And God called
the dry land Earth ; and the gather-

ing together of the waters called Tie
Seas :'■ and God saw that it was good.
11 And God said, "Let the earth
bring forth grass,* the herb yielding
seed, and the fi-uit tree yielding tiniit
after his kind, whose seed is in itself,
upon the earth :""•

And it was so. 12 \„(1 the earth
brought forth grass, and herb yield-
ing seed after his kind, and the tree
yielding fruit, whose seed icas in
itself, after his kind : and God saw
that it was good, i^ And the evening
and the morning were the third day.
11 And God said, "Let there be
lights in the firmament of the heaven
to divide the day from the night ;*
and let them be for signs, and for
seasons, and for days, and years :
i^And let them be for lights in the
firmament of the heaven to give light
upon the earth :"

And it was so. i^And God made
two great lights; the greater light
to rule the day,^ and the lesser light
to rule the night : he made the stars
also." i^And God set them in the
finnament of the heaven to give light
ui)on the earth. ^^ And to rule over
tlie day and over the night, and to
divide the'light from the darkness:"
and God .saw that it was good. "'And
the evening and the moraing were
the fourth day.

'■■''Wnd (uxi said, " Let the waters
bring forth abundantly the moving''

I (I have)

placed the sand
for the bound of

the sea and

though the
waves thiTcof
toss thenisi-lv.s,
yet can tlii-v nut
prevail. ...Je. .'i,
22.

8 Ileb., teiukr
grass.

m The earth

drinki'th in the
rain....& briu;;-
eth forth herbs.
...Ue. 0, 7.

t rieb., beticeen
the day and be-
tween the night.

i Hcb., for the
rule of the day.

n ... Which tin-
Lord thy (iiid
hntb<liviiled(or,
ivijiartrd) inito
allnationsunder
the wlioU- hea-
ven. Ue. 4, li».
I's. 74, 16, and
136, 7.

o The Lord,

which piveth
the sun fur a
li;;ht by day, &
thi' oniinanccK
of the moon and
of the stars for
a lisht bv night.
....Je.31,'35.

r) Or, creeping.

GEN. 1,20. 7
3, 8. /

GENESIS.

f A.M. 0.
"( B.C. 5441.

d Ileb., soul.

. Heb., Ut fowl

fiy-

K lleh.,/<ice of the
firmament oj hea-
ven.

p ....(The)gi-eat
and wide sea,
wherein are
tliinjis creeping
innumerable,
botli small and
f^reat beasts...
there is that le-
viathan, whom
tlum bast made
(Jormid) to play
therein. I's. 104,
25, 26.

\(Mnn'k>n(l,h> the
ariijlual .limply
Adam. SeeGe.
5, 2.)

q ...JIan...is the
imaf(e and gloi-v
(>fGod...lCo.li.
7. Ac. 17, 2G.
Ja. 3, 9.

/■ Ps. 8, 6.

y. (The first man,
ill the original,
Ha Adam, the

M.I 11.)

V I.o, this. ..have
I found, that
C;od...madenian
upright. Eg. 7,
2!».

I Have ye not
read, that He
which made
tbeni at the be-
ginning, made
them male and
female. Mai. 2,
1.5. -Ma. 10, 6.
Cb. 5, 2. Mat.
I'J, 4.

1/ Thy wife shall
be as a fruitful
vine by the sides
of thine house ;
thy children like
olive plants
round about thv

table thus

shall the man be
blessed that fear-
eth the Lord.
l'«.128,3, 4. Cb.
9, 1.

1/ Heb. creepeth.
f Heb., se,Kdiiig

V Hecanseth the
grass to grow for
the cattle, and
herb for the ser-
vice of man :
that he may
bring forth food
o\it of the earth.
I's. 101, 14.

creature that hath life,^ and fowl'
that may fly above the earth in the
open firmament of heaven."*

''^^And God created great Avhales,
and every living creatm'e that moveth,
which the waters brought forth abun-
dantly/' after their kind, and every
winged fowl after his kind : and God
saw that it was good. ^•^And God
blessed them, saying, " Be ft-uitfid,
and multiply, and fill the waters in
the seas, and let fowl raidtiply in
the earth."

^^And the evening and the morn-
ing were the fifth day.

2^ And God said, " Let the earth
bi'ing forth the living creature after
his kind, cattle, and creeping thing,
and beast of the earth after his kind:"

And it was so. '^^And God made
the beast of the earth after his kind,
and cattle after their kind, and every
thing that creepeth upon the earth
after his kind : and God saw that it
was good.

2^ And God said, "Let Us make
]\Ian^ in Our image,'^ after Our like-
ness : and let them have dominion''
over the fish of the sea, and over the
fowl of the air, and over the cattle,
and over all the earth, and over
every creeping thing that creepeth
upon the eartli."

''^'^So God created manf^ in Ilis oicn
image,* in the image of God created
He him ; male and female created He
them.' ^^And God blessed them,
and God said unto them, " I?e fruit-
ful," and multiply, and replenish the
earth, and subdue it: and have domi-
nion over the fish of the sea, and
over the fowl of the air, and over
every living thing that moveth" upon
the earth."

29 And God said, "Behold, I have
given you every herb bearing seed,^
which is upon the face of all the
earth, and every tree, in the which
is the fruit of a tree yielding seed ;
to you it shall be for meat." ^'^'And
to every beast of the earth, and to

every fowl of the air,^ and to eveiy
thing that creepeth upon the earth,
wherein there is life,° / have given
every gi'een herb for meat :"

And it was so. ^^And God saw
every thing that He had made, and,
behold, it ivas very good. 2'

And the evening and the morning
jy -| were the sixth day. ^Thus the
^^•J heavens and the earth were
finished, and all the host of them.

2 And on the seventh day God
ended His work which He had made ;
and He rested'^ on the seventh' day
from all His work which He had
made. ^ And God blessed the seventh
day, and sanctified it -.f because that
in it He had rested from all His work
which God created and made.* ^

Second Record. (Perhaps transmitted hy fi)
Seth.) ii. 4— iv. 26. L~'

A.M. 0. B.C. 5441. Garden OF Edex.
Description of the abode of Man when in a
stale of innocence.

[The site of Eden was probiibly the southern
jiart of Anuenia, between the 33rd and 37th
(Ic-rce of north latitude. The Phraat is the
l>upluates ; and the Hiddekel is generally
considered the Tigris ; but as to the other
two rivers nothing certain is known. — Kitto's
C'/ilojuedia ; sec also Winer's Bib. Beal-

* These are the generations of the
heavens and of the earth when they
were created,<^ in the day that the
Lord God made the earth and the
heavens, ^ and every plant of the
field before it was in the eartli, and
every herb of the field before it grew :
for the Lord God had not caused it
to rain upon the earth, and there ivas
not a man to till the ground.'' ^But
there went up a mist" from the eartli,
and watered the whole face of the
ground.

'^ And the Lord God formed man
of tlie dust of the ground,^ and
breathed into his nostrils the breath
of life ; and man became a living
soul."^

^And tlie Lord God planted a
garden" eastward in Eden ; and there
He put the Man whom He had
formed. ^And out of the gi-ound
made the Lord God to gi-ow every

X He giveth to
the beast his
food, and to the
yonng ravens
which or)'. Rs.
147, 9. Job. 38,
41.

o Heb., a living

soul.

y Ps. 104, 24. 1
Ti. 4, 4.

7r (This does not
imply repose
after work, but
simply cefisntion

from work.)

z Ex. 20, 11, and
31, 17. De. 5,
14. He. 4, 4.

p ("Blessed" as
a day of cessa-
tionfroni labour
and" sanctified"
as a day devoted
toreligioustoor-
ship it instruc-
tion.)...My holy
day... Is. 58, 13
Ne. 9, 14.

s Heb., created to

make.

a (Such was the
production of
the heavens and
the earth riil'^in
from iV to be-
get. Co nip. na-
tura from nas-
cor, De Sola.)

T (Each plant of
the earth was
Jiot yet [^sprung
Mp]o« the earth,
andeach herb of
the field had not
yet grown, for
the Lord God
had not caused
it to rain upon
the earth, □t^q
not i/it. Comp.
Ex. "lO, 30. The
gifriii had been
creati'd, but its
di- nelopvientiva s
lift to the ordi-
nary op,i-iit;,,ii
of the poKurs of
?(n<«7-e.DeSola.)

V Or, a mist which
wentupfi'om, &c .

A Ileb., dust of
the ground.

<j> (An animate
crr.ature; same
irnnh as arr
lrn„sl„l,d lii:
/«.</ rr,-al,u->'.)
Ch. 1, 21. Job
33,4. Ac. 17,25.

a Ch. 13, 10. Is.
51, 3. Eze. 28,
1.3, and 31, 8, 9.
Joel 2, 3.

A.M. 0. 1
B.C. 5441. i

GENESIS.

J GEN. 1, 20.
1 3,8.

fj.(ll possessedtJif
qHnlity of pre-
serving the botlij
in perfect healtit
d- strength, pre-
venting that na-
tural decay of
the vital powers
which is inci-
dental to man's
conformation : it
as the means it
pledge of im-
mortality, was
essentially a sa-
crament, it pro-
bably weekly
partaken of by
Adam.)

c Vt. 3, 18, nnd

11, 30. Kzc. 47,

12. Re. 22, 2.

c," (The tree, the
eating of which
would he accom-
panied by the
experimental
knowledge of
moral goml and
moral evil.
Conip.C'h..3,22.)

7) (It shall be our
rijfliteou.sness, if
we obsen'e to do

as He linth

coniniaiuloil us,
DfUt. 6, 25, .'<ug-
gests the infer-
ence that the
will of God is
the rule of duty).

\ji (An aromatic
gum which is-
sues from a tree
growing in Ara-
bia, Media, and
the Indies.) Nu.
11, 7.

r/ Job28, IG.

a> 11 eb., Cush.
I»a. 10, 4.

a Or, eastward
to Assyria.

P Or, Adam.

f Vs. 128, 2.

g To obey is

better thau sa-
crifice, and to
lu'nrken flian
the fat of rauis.
1 Sa. 15, 22.

y Ili'b., eating
thou shall eat.

h .la. 1, 15. IJo.
('■,23. lC'o.l5,5G.

& lleb., dying
thou shall die.

I Comp. 1 Co. 11,
9; 1 Ti. 2, 13;
with Ku. 3, 1;
I'r. 18, 22.

e lleb., as before
him.

f ( ir, the man.

k I's. 8, G.

Y) lleb., called.

I Ch. 15, 12. 1 Sa.
2G,12. Da. 8, 18.

0 Ilcb., builded.

tree that is pleasant to the sl<;ht, ami
good for food ; the tree of life*^ also
in the midst of the garden,'^ and the
tree of knowledge of goo(K and evil.i
'"And a river went out of Kdeii to
water the garden ; and from thence
it was parted, and became into four
heads, ''The name of the first is
Pison : that is it which coinpasseth
the whole land of llavilah, where
there is gold ; '-and the gold of that
land is good : there is bdidlium"'' and
the onyx stone.'' '■'^And the name
of the second river is (jihon: the
same is it that compasseth the whole
land of Ethiopia." '''And the name
of the third river is lliddekel:' that
is it which goeth toward the east of
Assyria." And the fourth river is
Euphrates.

'^And the Lord God took the
man,^ and put him into the garden
of Eden to dress it and to keep it.-^

^*'And the Loud (iod commanded^
the man, saying, " Of every tree of
the garden thou mayest freely eat :>'
'^but of the tree of the knowledge
of good and evil, thou shalt not eat
of it : for in the day that thou eatest
thereof thou shalt surely die."''^

"^And the Loud Ciod said, " /^ is
not good that the man should be
alone ; 1 will make him an help meet
for him."'^

^'■*And out of the gi'ound the Lord
God formed every beast of the field,
and every fowl of the air ; and
brought them unto Adam^ to see
what he wcmld call them : and what-
soever Adam called every living
creature, that icas the name thereof.''
^"And Adam gave names'' to all cat-
tle, and to the fowl of the air, and
to every beast of the field ; but for
Adam there was not found an help
meet for him.

'■^'And the Lord God caused a
deep sleep to fall upon Adam, and
he slept :' and lie took one of his
ribs, and closed up the flesh instead
thereof; ^'^and the rib, which the
Lord God Inid t-aken from man, made*

lie a woman, and brought her unto
the man.'"

'"^^ And Adam said, " 'J'liis is now
bone of my bones, and flesh of my
flesh : she shall be called NVoman,'
because she was taken" out of Man."*
'■^^ Therefore shall a man leave his
father and his mother, and shall
cleave unto his wife : and they shall
be one flesh."

-•^And they were both naked, the
man and his wife, and were not
ashamed./'

ml Date Uuknown. Gahden of Eden. To
•J The fall of Man and its results. L

NOW the Serpent? was more subtil
than any beast of the field which
the Lord God had made.

And he said unto the woman,
" Yea,^ hath (Jod said. Ye shall not
eat of every tree of the garden?"''

^And the woman said unto the
8ei-pent, "We may cat of the fruit
of the trees of the garden : ^ but of
the fruit of the tree which is in the
midst of the garden, God hath said,
' Ye shall not eat of it, neither shall
ye touch it, lest ye die.' "

*And the Serpent said unto the
woman, " Ye shall not surely die :
•''for God doth know that in the day
ye eat thereof, then your eyes shall
be opened, and ye shall be as gods,
knowing good and evil."*

^And when the woman saw that
the tree iccts good for food, and that
it was pleasanf* to the eyes, and a
tree to be desired to make one wise,'
she took of the fruit thereof," and
did eat, and gave also unto her hus-
band with her; and he did eat."

''And the eyes of them both were
opened, and they knew that they
icere naked f and they sewed fig
leaves together, and made themselves
aprons.''

'^And they heard the voice of the
Lord (Jod walking in the garden in
the cooK of the day : and Adam and
his wife hid^ themselves from the
l)resence of the Lord (iod amongst
the trees of the garden.

m Wliogo 6ndeth
a wife tin(h'th a
KiKiA tbinK...rr.
18,22. He. 13, 4.

I Ilcb., Isha.

n A virtuous wo-
uiati is a crown
ti> Iter liiisbaiid.
I'r. 12, 4. 1 Co.
11, 8.

<c lleb., Ish (emi-
nent man).

oPs.45, 10. Mat.
HI, 5. Ma. 10, 7.
Kp.r., 31.

/) ...Let them be
ashamed which
transgress.. ..I's.
25, 3.

q ...That old Ser-
pent, called the
Devil & Satan...
Rev. 12, 9, and
20, 2.

A lleb.. Tea, be-
cause, <te.

r ...The devil...
was a murderer
from the betjiu-
ninp:, and abode
not in the truth,
because thire is
no truth in him.
J no. 8, 44.

s ... The Serpent
liefjuiled Kve
through his sul>-
tilty. 2 Co. 11,3.

p. Ilcb., a desire.

t Woo unto them
that fellow their
own spirit(Heb.,
them that are
prophets out of
their own
h'orts). Ezc.
13,3.

1/ .Tos. 7, 21. Jli.
IG, 1. 2.

i; Adam was not
deceived, but the
woman Ixinf;
deceived, was in
the trausgres-
sion. 1 Tim. 2,
14.

J- ...Ryonenian's
disobedience
many were made
sinners. ...Ko. 6,
19.

V Or, things to
gird about.

f lleb., wind.

y The spirit of
man is the can-
dle <if the Lord.
I'r. 20, 27. Ch.
42,21. 1 Sa.24,
5. Mat. 27, a.
Ln. 9, 7.

GEN. 3,9.)

5, 8. ;

GENESIS.

( A.M. 1.
1 B.C. 5440.

z Ch. 2, 25.

a Can any liido
himself in secret
places that I
shall not see
him ? saitli the
Lord. Do not I
fill heaven anil
e.irthy Jc. 23,
24.

h The foolishness
of man pervert-
cth liis way, and
his heart fret-
teth against the
Lord. I'r. 19, 3,
and 28, 13. Job
31, 33.

r. Ve. 4.

d Ex. 21, 29, 32.

e Ps. 72, 9. Is.
49, 23, and 65,
25. Mi. 7, 17.

/...(Men)of suh-
tilty and. ...mis-
chief...(arc chil-
dren) of the de-
vil...Ac. 13, 10.

.'/ (God's own Son)
made of a wo-
man....Ga. 4, 4.
Ps. 1.32, 11 Is.
7, 14. Mi. 5, 3.
M.at. 1, 23. Lu.

1, 31.

/' Tie. 2, 14. Col.

2, 1 1.

! Notwithstand-
ing thoy shall
be savtd in
child-btaring.
1 Ti. 2, 15.

0 Or, suhjrct to
thy husband.

/. If.. .the wife of
thy bosom. ..en-
tice thee secrete
ly, saying. Let
US go, and serve

other gods

thon shalt not
consent. De. 1.3,
6. 1 Sa. 15, 23.
Mat. 18, 7, 9.
JIa. 9, 43.

1 Ec. 2, 23. Job
5, 7. Ko. 8, 20.

JT Heb
bud.

m This sore

travail bath God
given to the
sons of men to
be exercised
therewith. Ec.
1, 13. 2 Th. 3,
10.

n (All). ..lie down
alike in the dust,
and the worms

cover them.

Job 21, 26, and
34, 15. Ps. 104,
29. Ec. 3, 20,
and 12, 7.

catise to

^And the Loud Ciocl called unto
Adam, and said unto him, " Where
art thou?"

^•^And he said, "I heard Thy voice
in the garden, and I was afraid, be-
cause 1 ivas naked;* and I hid my-
self."'^

"And He said, "Who told thee
that thou ivast naked? Hast thou
eaten of tlie tree, whereof I com-
manded thee that thou shouldest not
eat ?"

^2 And the man said, "The woman
whom Thou gavest to be with me,
she gave me of the tree, and I did
eat."*

^^And the Lokd God said vmto
the woman, " What is this that thou
hast done ?"

And the woman said, " The Ser-
pent beguiled*^ me, and I did eat,"

^^And the Lord God said unto the
Serpent, " ]3ecause thou hast done
this, thou art cursed above all cattle,
and above eveiy beast of the field f
upon thy belly shalt thou go, and
dust shalt thou eat all the days of
thy life :« '^^ and I will put enmity
between thee and the woman, and
between thy seed/ and her^ Seed ; it
shall bruise thy head, and thou shalt
bruise his heel."'' — ^^ Unto the wo-
man He said, " I will gi'eatly mvd-
tiply thy sorrow and thy conception ;
in soiTow thou shalt bring forth chil-
dren ;' and thy desire shall be to thy
husband," and he shall rule over
thee." — ^^And unto Adam He said,
" IJecausc thou hast hearkened unto
the voice of thy wife,^ and hast eaten
of the tree, of which I commanded
thee, saying, ' Thou shalt not eat of
it :' cursed is the ground for thy
sake ; in soitow shalt thou eat of it
all the days of thy life ;^ ^"thorns
also and thistles shall it bring forth'^
to thee ; and thou shalt eat the herb
of the field ; ^^in the sweat'" of thy
face shalt thou eat bread, till thou
return unto the ground ; for out of it
wast thou taken : for dust thou art,
and unto dust shalt thou return.""

''''^ And Adam called his wife's name
Eve;P^ because she Avas the mother
of all living."

'•^^ Unto Adam also and to his wife
did the Lord God make coats of
skins, and clothed p them.

22 And the Lord God said, "Be-
hold, the man is become as one of
Us, to know good and evil : and
now, lest he put forth his hand, and
talvc also of the tree of life, and eat,
and live for ever:"? — '^^^ therefore the
Lord God sent him forth from the
garden of Eden, to till the ground
from whence he was taken. ^^ So He
drove out the man ; and He placed
at the east of the garden of Eden
Cherubims,'' and a flaming sword
which turned every way, to keep the
way of the tree of life/ ■

IV.]

Shortly after the Fall. Armenia.

History of Cain and Abel, and the

other descendants of Adam.

AND Adam knew Eve his wife;
and she conceived, and bare
Cain,"^ and said, " I have gotten a
man from the Lord,"

2 And she again bare his brother
Abel.x

And Abel was a keeper''' of sheep,
but Cain was a tiller of the ground.
^And in process" of time it came to
pass, that Cain brought of the fi'uit
of the ground an offering' imto the
Lord, ^And Abel, he also brought
of the firstlings of his flock" and of
the fat thereof,' And the Lord had
respect unto Abel and to his ottering :
^but unto Cain and to his offering He
had not respect." And Cain was very
wroth, and his coimtenance fell.

^And the Lord said unto Cain,
" Why art thou wToth ? and wliy is
thy countenance fallen ? '^ If thou
doest well, shalt thou not be ac-
cepted ?^ and if thou doest not well,
sin liethv at the door. And unto^
thee shall be his desire, and thou
shalt rule over him."*

''^And Cain talked with Abel his
brother : and it came to pass, when

p Ileb., Ckavah.

s Tliat is. Living.

0 Ac. 17, 26.

p (Fore.shadow-
ing)...thc right-
eonsness of God
wliich is by
faith. ..Ro. 3, 22.

q (In order that
the body of sin
sliould be de-
stroyed) it is

appointed unto
men once to die.
He. 9,27. (But)

to him that

overcometh will
I give to eat of
the tree of life...
Re. 2, 7.

V (Mitchfru itlfss
iiiliennity has
been expended by
commentators in
endi.avouri/ig to
ei'plain the true
meaninfi of the
word Kerubim.
It is probable
that they were
celestial beings,
but beyond this
we cannot go.)

r (Jesus said} I
am the way, the
truth, and the
lifc.Jno. 14, 6.

^thatiii. Gotten,
or. Acquired.

X Heb., Hebel.

iji Heb., a feeder.

(o Heb., at the end
of days.

■••• All the best <if
the oil and ,all
tlie best of the
wine and of the
wheat, the first
fruits of them.
Nu. 18, 12.

o Heb., sheep, m\
goats.

t Nu. 18, 17.

« Heb., 11, 4.

j3 Or, have the ex-
cellency f

y (That is, a sin-
offering is at
liand. Magee &
others.)

& Or, subject unto
thee.

6 (Lit., Solshaiq
hisdesirebe sub-
ject unto thee,
i. e., thou by
right of primo-
geniture shalt
bear rule over
thy brother un-
less thou for-
feilest that
right by disobe-
dience.)

A.M. 1. 1
B.C. 5440. i

GENESIS.

/ GEN. 3, 9.
( 5,8.

> ...Because his
own works wero
evil niul lii.s bro-
tlirr's riglitfous.

I J no. 3, 12.

j: (InwnriUy say-
in;;) How" (loth
(ioil know? Can
Ho juilgu thro'
the (lark cloud '?
Job 22, 13.

i'llob., hlooth.

1/ C'nrsi'd 1)0 lie
tliiit sniitcth his
neighbour se-
(ivtly... De. 27,
21.

r) Lit., moving <£.•
inninUrinfj.

0 Or, Mine ini-
qnily isijreattr
than that it may
be forgiven,

z A (Iroadful
sound (Ui'b, a
.in,i,„l o/ fears)
is in his ears;
in prosperity tlu!
destroyer (the
avenger of
blood, Nu. 35,
lil) shall come
upon him. Job
15, 21.

1 (.1 /7>i) I )i tedCa in

II token.)

K (Perhaps rather
C.Tin direlt in
the land, wan-
dring.)

A Ileb., Chanoch.

IX lleb., Le.mech.

<i He which made
them at the l)e-
ginning made
them male and
female, and said

they twain

sliall bo one
flesh. Mat. 19,
1,5.

i> (Stringed and
wind instru-
ments. Bochart.)

((A forger of
every tool in
copper andiron.
Ues. Ros.)

o (/ have slain a
miin for having
iroundfd me, a
young man for
having bruised
me. Ken. and
Lowth.)

IT Or, in my hurt.

p (H' cause Cain
had been guilty
of murder, ami
Lantech had
only killed a
man in self-de-
fence.)

they were in the fiohl, that Cain rose
up against Abel his brotiier, and
slew him."

^And the Loun said unto Cain,
"Where is Abel thy brother?"

And lie said, " 1 know not •/ Am
I niv brother's keeper?"

^'^"Aud He said, " What hast thou
done ? the voice of thy brother's
bhxnK erieth unto Me from tlie gi-ouiid.
^^And now art thou eursed^ from the
earth, wliich hatli opened her mouth
to receive thy brotlier's l)lood fi-om
tliy hand: '-^When thou tillest the
ground, it shall not henceforth yield
unto thee her strength : a fugitive
and a vagabond^ shalt thou be in the
earth."

^^And Cain said unto the Lord,
" My punishment is gi-eater than I
can bear.^ ^'Ikdudd, Thou hast
driven me out this day from the face
of tlie earth ; and from Thy face shall
I be hid ; and I shall be a fugitive
and a vagabond in the earth ; and it
shall come to pass, that every one
that fiiideth me shall slay me."^

^^And the Lord said unto him,
" Therefore whosoever slayeth Cain,
vengeance shall be taken on him
sevenfold."

And the Lord set a mark' upon
Cain, lest any finding him should
kill him.

^•^ And Cain went out from the pre-
sence of the Lord, and dwelt in the
land of Nod," on the east of Eden.

^^And Cain knew his wife; and
she conceived, and bare Enoch :^ and
he builded a city, and called the
name of the city, after the name of
his son, Enoch. ^'^And unto Enoch
was born Trad : and Trad begat Me-
liujael : and Mi'lnijacl begat Methu-
sael : and Methusael begat Lamech.'^

^^And Lamech took unto him two
wives :" the name of the one icas
Adah, and the name of the other
Zillah. ^'^And Adah bare Jabal : he
was the father of such as dwell in
tents, and of such as have cattle.

'-^'And his brother's name was Ju-
bal : he was the father of all such as
handle the harp and org;ui.*' '■^•^And
Zillah, she also bare Tubal-cain, an
instructor of every artificer in brass
and iron -.f and the sister of Tubal-
cain icas Naamali.

2^ And Lamech said unto his wives,
"Adah and Zillah, Hear my voice;
ve wives of Ijamech, hearken unto
my speech : for I have slain a man
to my wounding," and a young man
to my liurt.'^ ^^If Cain shall be
avenged sevenfold, truly Lamech se-
ventyP and sevenfold."*

-^And Adam knew his wife again ;
and she bare a son, and called his
name Beth:'' "For God," said she,
"hath appointed me another seed in-
stead of Abel, whom Cain slew."
-•^And to Seth, to him also there was
born a son ; and he called his name
Enos :"

Then began men to* call upon the
name of the Lord.*

v.]

TlllUD Record. (Perhaps transmitted

by Noah.) v. 1— vi. 8.

A.M.I. B.C. 54-40.

Enumeration of the descendants of Adam.

THIS is the book of the genera-
tions of Adam. In the day that
Clod created man, in the likeness'^ of
(Jod made He him ; '''male and female
created He them ; and Ijlessed them,
and called their name Adam, in the
day when they were created.

"And Adam lived an hundred and
thirty years, and begat a son in his
own likeness, after his image ; and
called his name Seth :X -laud the days
of Adam after he had begotten Seth
were eight hundred years : and he
begat sons and daughters :"'' ''and all
the days that Adam lived were nine
hundred and thirty years : and he
died.

^And Seth lived an hundred and
five years, and begat Enos:" ^And
Seth lived after he begat Enos eight
hundred and seven years, and l)egat
sons and daughters: '^and all the

5 (JoS'ph u » says,
J.nmerh had 77
chililnn by his

Ant.. l.,c.ii.,82.

T Heb.,.SA'//i,i.c.,
Appointetl or
I'ul.

v\M^.,Enosh,\.c.
mortal.

4> Or, to call
themselves by
the name of the
Loan.

b 1 Ki. 18, 21.
I's. lift, 17.
Joel 2, 32. Zep.
3,9. 1 ('0^1,2.

c ...In righteous-
ness and true.
Eph. 4, 24.

\ (The Arabian
writers repre-
sent him as the
inventor of
writing.)

ifi (According to
Cedrenus the
number of A-
dam's sons was
3.3, it daughters
27. But Syncel-
lus makes his
daughters 23,
C'hron., p. 11.
The Oriental
writers ascribe
two other sons
to Adam — Ab-
daUiereth, elder
brother of Cain,
and Jlocail,
younger brother
toSheth,\yncr-
belot. The Mo-
hammedan au-
thors say that
Adam had two
daughters — Ac-
lima niul Lebu-
dnh. Fab. Ed. of
Cod.Pseud.,V.T.
C.44. Josiphus
says that Adam
had many more
children than
are recorded in
S' ripture, b. i.,
c. ii., 8 3, and
says also that
the testimony of
Manelho, Jiero-
SHS, Hfstiarus,
d'C, is in unison
with the scrip-
tural slattmeuts
as to theexireme
longevity of the
patriarchs, b.i.
c. iii., g 9.)
u (Enos is de-
scribed hy the
Arabian writ-
ers as a great
philosopher and
astronomer, El-
macen adils that
he expressly for-
haile the inter-
marriage of his
family with the
dfrr7idants of
Cain. Hales,
fomp. cb. 4, 2fi.)

GEN. 5, 8. I
7, 11. j

GENESIS.

( A.M. 1-1656.
1 B.C. 5440-3785.

1 lleb., Kenan
(j'ossessor).

3 (One that
Praises God.)
(Jr., JIaleleel.
(0/ this and the
preceding pa-
triarch the Ara-
bian historians
sai/, that they
made their chil-
dren swear nev-
er to marry into
the fa mill/ of
Cain. Hales).

V Ileb., Jered,
(Descent or Go-
ing down.)
(In h is days,
according to the
Arabian histo-
rians, the descen-
dants of Seth to
the number of
100 went and in-
termarried with
the descendants
of Cain (llott.
Snipf?. Orient.,
p. 240). The A-
pncryphiil llonk
of Enoch places
this event in the
1070th year
from the Crea-
tion.)

d Enoch. ..the 7th
from Adam pro-
phesied... Jude
14.

5 Gr.,Mathusala.
e CLevi) The law

of tnitli was in
his niriufh, and
iniquity was
not InMiid in his
lips ; h(' walked
with Me in peace
& equity, & did
turn many away
fn>in iniquity.
Mai. 2, 6.

/"What doth the
Lord require...
but to do justly,
and to love njer-
ty, and walk
humhly (Ilel).,
humble thyself
to icitlh) with
...(iod. Mi. 6, 8.
Am. 3, 3. 2 Ki.
20, 3. I's. 16, 8 ;
116,9; 128, 1.

g Enoch was
translated that
he should not
see death, and
was not found
because fiod had
translated him
...before his
translation he
had this testi-
mony, that he
pleased God.
lie. 11, 5.

6 Heb., Lemech.

days of Seth were nine hundred and
twelve years : and he died.

^And Enos lived ninety years, and
begat Cainan :* ^"And Enos lived
after he begat Cainan eight hundred
and fifteen years, and begat sons and
daughters: ^^and all the days of
Enos were nine hundred and five
years : and he died.

^^And Cainan lived seventy years,
and begat Mahalalecl:^ ^^And Cai-
nan lived after he begat Mahalaleel
eight hundred and forty years, and
begat sons and daughters : ^^and all
the days of Cainan were nine hun-
dred and ten years : and he died.

^^And Mahalaleel lived sixty and
five years and begat Jared -J ^^and
^lahalaleel lived after he begat Jared
eight hundred and thirty years, and
begat sons and daughters : ^'^ and all
the days of Mahalaleel were eight
hundred ninety and five years : and
he died.

^^And Jared lived an hundred
sixty and two years, and he begat
Enoch :'^ *^ and Jared lived after he
begat Enoch eight hundred years,
and begat sons and daughters : ^*^and
all the days of Jared were nine hun-
dred sixty and two years : and he
died.

2^ And Enoch lived sixty and five
years, and begat Methuselah:^ ^^and
Enoch walked'^ with God after he be-
gat Methuselah three hundred years,
and begat sons and daughters: '-^^and
all the days of Enoch were three
hundred sixty and five years : ^^and
Enoch Avalked with God •/ and he
was not ; for God took him.i?

2^ And Methuselah lived an hun-
dred eighty and seven years, and be-
gat Laniech :« ^^^and Methuselah lived
after he begat Lamech seven hundred
eighty and two years, and begat sons
and daughters: ^''and all the days of
Methuselah were nine hundred sixty
and nine years : and he died.

^^x\nd Laniech lived an hundred
eighty and two years, and begat a
son :* ^and he called his name Noah,^
saying, " This same shall comfort'' us
concerning our work and toil of our
hands, because of the ground which
the LoKO hath cursed."" ^"And La-
mech lived after he begat Noah five
hundred ninety and five years, and
begat sons and daughters : ^^ and all
the days of Lamech were seven hun-
dred seventy and seven years : and
he died.

^^ And Noah was five hundred years
old : and Noah begat Sliem, Ham,
-rrj -] and Japheth.' ^And it came
J to pass, when men began to
multiply on the face of the earth, and
daughters were born unto them, ^that
the sons of God^ saw the daughters of
men that they tvrrc fair; and they took
them wives of all which they chose.

^ And the Lord said, " My spirit/^
shall not always strive with man, for
that he also is flesh : yet his days
shall be an hundred and twenty
years."

^ There were giants in the earth in
those days ;" and also after that, when
the sons of God came in unto the
daughters of men, and they bare chil-
dren to them, the same became
mighty men which were of old, men
of renown.^

^And God saw that the wicked-
ness of man urts great in the earth,
and that every° imagination^' of the
thoughts of his heart was only evil
continually.'^ '^And it repented the
Loud that He had made man on the
earth, and it grieved' Him at His
heart. ^ And the Lord said, "I will
destroy man whom I have created
fi-om the face of the earth ; both
man, and beast,P and the creeping
thing, and the fowls of the air ; for
it repenteth'" Me that I have made
them."

^ Jjut Noah found grace in the eyes
of the Lord.

6 (Sept. Vat. 1G7,
Alex. 187. Jose-
phus confirms the
reading of the
text.)

c That is, Rest or
Comfort. Gr.,
Noe.

h Ez. 14, 20. Lu.
3,36. Heb. 11,
7. 1 Pe. 3, 21).

K(The allusion is
to the peniil con-
sequences of the
fall in earthly
toils and suffer-
ings, and to the
hope of a deliv-
erer excited by
the promise
made to Eve.
J. P. S.) Ch. 3,
17; 4, 11.

1 Ch. 10, 21.

A. (Sons of might,
men of influence
and authority,
and of superior
bodily St rengthi
That the word
Elohim is not
exclusii'eti/ re-
slriclrd to God,
see Ex. 22, 8, 9.
Jonah 3, 3.)

IJi(3Iy spirit [the
fountain and
source of life]
shall not always
ai-luate man. I
will take away
the spirit of life
from them,
Maurer.)

v ("Lit., gigantic
ones. This is
perhaps a gene-
ral declaration
that in this age
of the world,
there were many
men of great
stature.)

I (The offspring
oftheinjliiential
iniH hicomr he-
roes. " ,l.v they
chose," implies
that they mxist
have been nu-
merous.)

0 Or, the whole
inioi/i notion :
The lli'brcw
word siijiiifictii
not only the im-
agination, hut
also the pur-
poses and desires,

k Pr. G, 18.
Trllnh., even/ day.

1 Ps. 7, 11. ' Mfil.
3, 6. Ja. 1, 17.

p Hoh., from man
unto beast.

m (Ihit) if (any)
against whom
1 have pronounc-
ed tuni from
their evil, I will
repent of the
evil that I
thought to do
unto them. Je.
18,8.

A.M. 2136. t
B.C. 3305. ;

GKNHSIS.

f GEN. 5, 8.

\ 7, 11.

? Or, uprtyht.

I ...No tnitli, nor
mercy, nor
kniittii'tlno of
*io(l in tlic land.
Ityswonriiinnnd
lyiiij;, and kill-
in;;, and steal-
in;;, and connnit-
tin;< adulU-ry,
they bivak ont,
unil l)l<M)d ^)Uoh-
.Ih blood, llo.
I, >.

. ....\nd I will
.solid mine an;,'ci'
u|)on ( tlic'in I and
willjud^f tlieiii
aoi'ordin;; to

(tlii-ir) ways

Kze. 7, 3.

p (IJy building
tho ark Noah)
condunnifd tin.-
world, llo. 11,7.
(Wliile at the
saniu time) he
was a ])n'ai'her
of ri;;hteoiisnes.s
2 I'e. 2, 6.

a Or, /rom the
earth.

T (The cypres.i,
which is very
durable and not
liable to rot.
A I'XHnder^sjient
was built at Ba-
bylon of cypress,
Arrian. The

Athenians inaile
thfir coffins oj
it. Tliucydides.)

V Ilcb., nests.

<f> (A cubit was
(ilmut 1 foot 9
inches.)

q Hast thou
marked the old
way which wick-
ed men have
trmlden? which
were, cut down
out of time,
whos<! founda-
tion was over-
tlown with a
HtMHl (or, a Jtnmi
was poured up-
on their foun-
dation). Job 2*2,
15, 16.

r Hy faith Noah,
being warned of
(iod of things
not soon as yet,
move<l with fear
prepared an ark
to the saving of
his house. ..He.
11,7.

FouilTll UkcoRD. (Perhaps transmitted by f f.
Shrm.) vi. 9— ix. 2'J. L

A.JI. 21.36. u.c. 3305. Aumknia.
The Deluye is threatened. The building of
the Ark.

'■'Tlio.^0 a?'r the generations of Noiili :
Noah was a just inaii and perfect* in
his generations, and Noah walked
with (Iod. ^"^And Noah begat three
sons, Shein, Ilam, and Japheth.

^^ The earth also was coiTupt he-
fore CJod, and the earth was fiUed
witli violence. ^'-^And God looked
upon the earth, and, behold, it was
eorrnpt ; for all flesh had corrupted"
his wav upon the earth.

13 And (iod said unto Noah, "The
end of all flesh is come before ^le ;"
for the earth is filled with violence
through them ; and, behold, I will de-
stroy/' them with the earth. "^ I'^Make
thee an ark of gopher Avood ;'' rooms"
shalt thou make in the ark, and shalt
])itch it within and without with pitch.
'^Aiid tliis is tlir. fasliion which tliou
shalt make it of: The length of the
ark shall hr three luuidred cubits,* the
Itreadth of it fifty cubits, and the
height of it thirty cubits. ^^A win-
dow shalt tlnni make to the ark, and
in a cubit shalt thou finish it above ;
and the door of the ark shalt thou set
in the side, thereof; ic'dh lower, se-
cond, and third slorics shalt thou
make it. ^^ And, beliohl, T, even I,
do bring a flood of waters upon the
earth, to destroy all fle.sh, wlierein i^
the breath of life, from under heaven ;
and every thing that is in the earth
shall die."'' '**But with thee will I
establish My covenant ;'' and thou
shalt come into the ark, thou, and
thy sons, and thy wife, and thy sons'
wives witli thee. ^'•'And of every
living thing of all flesh, two of every
SD/'t shalt thou bring into the ark, to
keep thon alive with thee ; they shall
be male and female. '-^Of fowls after
their kind, and of cattle after their
kind, of every creeping thing of the
earth after his kind, two of every
sort shall come unto thee, to keep
them alive. ^^And take thou unto

thee of all food that is eaten, and
thou slialt gatlier it to thee ; and it
shall be for food for thee, and for
them."

■■^-Thus did Noah ; according to all
that God commanded him, so did he."

VTT 1 A-M- 22.56. B.C. 3185. Aumf.nia. Fn
' •'■•'••J Xoah, with his family, and the |_ '
living creatures, enter into the ark.
The Deluge.

AND the Loun said unto Noah,
" (Jome thou and all thy house
into the ark ; for thee have I seen
righteous before Me in this genera-
tion.' ■'^Of every clean" beast thou
shalt take to thee by sevens,"^ the
male and his female : and of beasts
that are not clean by two, the male
and his female. ^Of fowls also of the
air by sevens, the male and the fe-
male ; to keep seed alive upon the
face of all the earth. ■* For yet seven
days, and I will cause it to rain upon
the earth forty days and forty nights ;
and every living substance that I
have made will I destroy^ from ofl"
the face of the earth."

^And Noah did according unto all
that the Lord commanded him.

''And Noah was six hundred years
old when the flood of waters was upon
the earth.

^And Noah went in, and his sons,
and his wife, and his sons' wives with
him, into the ark, because of the
waters of the flood.'' '^Of clean bea.sts,
and of beasts that are not clean, and
of fowls, and of every thing that
eree])eth upon the earth, ^ there went
in two and two unto Noah into the
ark, the mah^ and the female, as (Jod
had commanded Noah, '"And it
came to pass after*^ seven days, that
the waters of the flood were upon the
earth.

11 In the six hundredth year of
Noah's life, in the second month, tlic
seventeenth day of the month," the
same day were all the fountains of
the great deep broken up, and the
windows'^ of heaven were oix'iied.

« (To Israel

(iod said) What
thing soever I
connuaiid yon,
observe to ilo it ;
thou shalt not
add thert-to, nor
diminish from
it. Do. 12, 32.

t Seek ye the
Lord, all yu
nieek of tlie
earth, which
have wrought
His judgment,
seek righteous-
ness, seek meek-
ness ; it may Im;
ye shall Ix; hid
in the day of the
l,ord"s anger.
Zep. 2, 3.

u Lc.ll, &in, 10.
...To discern Iw-
tween the un-
clean and the
clean (was ti)
teach My people
till- diflerence
between the hf>-
Iv and profane
...Kze. 44, 23.

<^ Heb, seven
sevm.

\ Ileb., blot out.

V Tlioy were

eating & drink-
ing, marrying
anil giving in
marriage, until
theday that Nik-
enteivd into the
ark, and knew
not until the
lliHid came and
ti>ok them all
nwiiv....Mat. 21,

;),s. ■

1^ Or, en the se-
venth day.

w (On the IBth of
Miirchesvan,
part of Oct. <t
Sov.)

a. Or, fioodgatfs.

GEN. 7, 12. )
9, 16. J

GENESIS.

fA.M.2257.
1 B.C. 3184.

P Ileb., wini;.

■TheetemnlGod
is thy refuge &
underneath are
tlie everlasting

arms De. 33,

27.

y (TTie rain cens-
ed on the 2fith
day of Chislen,
the 3rd month,
l>art of Nov. <t
Dec.)

!l They did eat,
they drank, they
married wives,
they were given
in marriage, un-
til the day that
Noe entered in-
to the ark, and
the flood came
and destroyed
them all. Lu.
17, 27.

5 \\^\).,thehreath
of the spirit of
life.

z (The spii-its in
prison,) which
sometime were
disoliedient,
wlieii once tlie
longsutrering of
(lod waited in
the days of
Noah, while the
ark was a pre-
l)aring...l I'e. 3,
19, 20.

a God is our re-
fuge...therefore
will not we fear
though theearth
lie riuioved and
though the
iiionutains he
carried into the
mi. 1st of the sea,
though the wa-
ters thereof roar
and he trouhled,
the. ugh the
mountains
shake with the
swelling there-
<jf. I's. 4G, 1—3.

h Comp. c,h. 8, 3,
4 with ver. 11 of
this chapter.

e (The 150 do'is
ore. in adlilion
In the 40 days'
ntiH. Lightfoot.)

^2 And the rain was upon the earth
forty days and forty nights.

^^ In the selfsame day entered Noah,
and Shem, and Ham, and Japheth,
the sons of Noah, and Noah's wife,
and the three wives of his sons with
them, into the ark ; ^*they, and
every beast after his kind, and all
the cattle after their kind, and every
creeping thing that creepeth upon
the earth after his kind, and every
fowl after his kind, eveiy bird of
every sort.^ ^^And they went in
unto Noah into the ark, tAvo and t^vo
of all flesh, wherein is the breath of
life. ^*'And they that went in, went
in male and female of all flesh, as
Clod had commanded him : and the
LoKD shut him in.-^

^''And the flood was forty v days
upon the earth ; and the waters in-
creased, and bare up the ark, and it
was lift up above the earth. ^^And
the waters prevailed, and were in-
creased greatly upon the earth ; and
the ark went upon the face of the
waters. ^^And the waters prevailed
exceedingly upon the earth ; and all
the high hills, that loere under the
whole heaven, were covered. '■^'^ Fif-
teen cubits upward did the waters
prevail ; and the mountains were co-
vered. '^^And all flesh died that
moved upon the earth, both of fowl,
and of cattle, and of beast, and of
every creeping thing that creepetli
upon the earth, and every man :^
^^all in whose nostrils was the breath^
of life, of all that icas in the dry land.,
dicd.^ ^^And every living substance
was destroyed which was upon the
fiice of the ground, both man, and
cattle, and the creeping things, and
the fowl of the heaven ; and they
were destroyed from the earth : and
Noah only remained alive., and they
that loere with him in the ark.''

2^ And the waters prevailed upon
the earth an hundred and fifty days.**

VIII.]

A.M. 2257. B.C. 31!>1. Ararat, To
(the country north of Assyria.) \_p
The Deluge ceases, Noah quits
the Ark.

AND Cod remembered"^ Noah, and
every living thing, and all the
cattle that was with him in the ark :
and God made a wind to pass over
the eartli, and the waters asswaged ;
^ the fountains also of the deep and
the windows of heaven were stopped,
and the rain from heaven was re-
strained; ^and the waters returned
fi-om off the earth continually :^ and
after the end of the hundred and fifty
days the waters were abated. ^And
the ark rested in the seventh month,''
on the seventeenth day of the month,
upon the mountains of Ai-arat.^ ^And
the waters decreased' continually un-
til the tenth month :" in the tenth
mont/i, on the first day of the month,
were the tops of the mountains seen.

^And it came to pass at the end of
forty days, that Noah opened the
window"" of the ark which he had
made: ^and he sent forth a raven, -^
which went forth to and fro,'^ until
the waters were dried up from off the
earth. ^Also he sent forth a dove"
from him, to see if the waters were
abated fi-om oft" the face of the gi'ound ;
^but the dove found no rest for the
sole of her foot, and she returned
unto him into the ark, for the waters
were on the face of the whole earth :
then he put forth his hand, and took
her, and pidled her iii^ unto him into
the ark.

^•^And he stayed yet other seven"
days ; and again he sent forth the
dove out of the ark ; ^^and the dove
came in to him in the evening ; and,
lo, in her mouth tvas an olive leaf
pluckt oft': so Noah knew that the
waters were abated fi-om off the eai'th.

^'■^And he stayed yet other seven
days ; and sent forth the dove ;'^
which returned not again unto him
any more.

^^And it came to pass in the
six hundredth and first yeai', in the

<; O love the T,oril
all ve His saints:
f..rtlie l.ordpre-
serveth the
faithfnl. i's. 31,
23. (and)Ioveth
judgment and
tbrsaketli not
His .saints. I's.
37, 28.

^ Ileb., in ffoiiiff
and returniyiij.

1) {The\1thda>iof
Sivnn, part of
Mar/ and June,
the 9th month of
the year, ^th
month ami lOth
ilay of the fiood).

6 {On some part
of the loiver
chain of Mount
Taurus in Ar-
menia.) 2 Ki.
19, 37.

I Heh., vjere in
yoin(j aiul de-
creasiny,

K (On the 11th
month of the
year, part of
July & Auyust.)

(T {The leord for
iriiidow here is
dif event from
that in ch. 6, IG,
and denotes 'an
opening,' from

Vbrr to pierce.

A(Le. II, 15.
1 Ki.17,46. The

raven was sent
out on the 11th
day of Tamuz,
the 10th month,
part of June &
July).

IX Heb., in going
forth andreturn-
ing.

V {Oh the 19th day
thedove was sent
out.)

f Heb., causedher
to come.

o{Oh the 26th
day the dove was
sent out again.)

n(On the Cth of
Ab, the lllh
month of th
year, part of
July tb August)

A.M. 2257. 1
B.C. 3184. ;

GENESIS.

f GEN. 7, 12.
t 9, 16.

p (Ti.iri, part of
Si/it. auit Oct.
T/if iiriiuml was
dri/iiiii all Elul,
thf Vith month
of the year.)

% (On tlitt 27M
rfriy of 3[iirche.i-
vnii. llf stnji-
I'l (I month ami
ICi ilays after the
wilt' rs had quite
yoiie.)

T llil)., families.

d Let US offer the
sacrifice of
priiise to Gnd
coiitiiinally, tlint
is the fruit of
our lips pivinp
thnnks to His
iiauie. Ileb. \3,
15.

u Ileb., a savour
of rest.

4><'>r, though.

e ...I h.ivc swoni
tliat the waters
of Noah (sliall)
no more go over
the earth... Is.
54,9-

\ Ileb., as yet all
llie dayt of the
earth.

/".Te. a^.TS; and
3.3, 20, 25.

<T (Seed time, was
111 Sept.. at the
autumnal equi'
nor ; harvest in
March, at the
vernol equinox ;
winter in Dec,
at the solstice;
null summer in
June, at the sol-
Slice.)

first month, the first ckiy of the montli,
the waters were dried up from oft" the
eartli : and Noah removed tlic covcr-
iiij;: of tlie ark, and hjoked, and, bc-
hohl, the faee of tlie ground was drv.P
'^And in the second month, on the
seven antl twentletli day of the month,'
was the earth dried.

^^And God spake unto Noah, say-
ing, ^^"Go forth of the ark, tlioii,
and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy
sons' wives with thee. ^'^IJring forth
with thee every living thing that is
with thee, of all flesh, both of fowl,
and of cattle, and of every creeping
thing that creepeth upon the earth ;
that they may breed abundantly in
the earth, and be fi-uitful, and multi-
ply upon the earth."

^'^And Noah went forth, and his
sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives
with him : ^^ every beast, every creep-
ing thing, and every fowl, aiid what-
soever creepeth upon the earth, after
their kinds,^ went forth out of the ark.

A.M. 2257. B.C. 31S4. Aharat. Tq

God blesses Noah and his sons, and enters [_"-^
into a covenant with thetn.

2^ AND Noah builded an altar unto
the Loun ; and took of every clean
beast, and of every clean fowl, and
ottered biunt oflerings on the altar.''
""^'And the L(u:n smelled a sweet sa-
vour ;" and the Loun said in His
heart, " I will not again ciuse the
gi'ound any more for man's sake ;
foi** the imagination of man's heart
is evil from his youth ; neither will
I again smite any more every tiling
living, as I have done.* '^-^ While
the earthx remaineth,-^ seedtime and
harvest, and cold and heat, and sum-
mer and winter, and day and night
shall not cease. "^ ^And God blessed
j^ -, Noah and his sons, and said
^-^^•J unto them, " Be fi-nitful, and
multijily, and replenish the earth.
-And tlie fear of yim and the drea<l
of you shall be upon eveiy beast of
the earth, and upon every fowl of

the air, upon all that movcth ttpoti
the earth, and upon all the fishes of
the sea ; into your hand are they
delivered.^' ^Eveiy moving thing
that liveth shall be meat for you ;
even as the green herb have I given
you all things.'' ^Ikit flesh with the
life thereof, which is the blood there-
of, shall ye not eat.' '^And surely
your blood of your lives Avill 1 re-
quire : at the hand of every beast''
will I require it, and at the hand of
man ; at the hand of every man's
brother will 1 require the life of man.
** Whoso sheddeth man's blood, by
man shall his blood be shed :' for in
the image of God made lie man.
'^And you, be ye fruitful, and multi-
ply ; bring forth abundantly in the
earth, and multiply therein."

^ And God spake imto Noah, and to
his sons with him, saying, ^"And I,
behold, I establish My covenant'"
Avith yoii, and with your seed after
you ; ^^and with every living crea-
ture that is with you, of the fowl, of
the cattle, and of every beast of the
earth with you ;" from all that go out
of the ark, to every beast of the
earth. "And I will establish My
covenant with you ; neither shall all
flesh be cut ofl" any more by the wa-
ters of a flood ; neither shall there
any more be a flood" to destroy the
earth,"

^■■^And God said, "This is the to-
ken of the covenant which I make
between Me and you and every liv-
ing creatiu'c that i^ with you, for
perpetual generations: ^•''I do set My
bow'' in the cloud, and it shall be for
a token of a covt^iant between Me
and the earth. *^And it shall come
to pass, when I bring a cloud over
the earth,* that the bow shall be seen
in the cloud : ^'^And I will remember
My covenant, which is between .Me
and you and every living creatnre of
all flesh ; and the waters shall no
more become a flood to destroy all
flesh. '"And the bow shall be in

tj ...niesHodiH the
man that feareth
the l.<.>r(l...liiH
heed sliall Imj
iiii>rhty upon
cartli... wealth
and rirlies shall
be in his house
...I's. 112, 1, 3.

h ...Thou mavest
killandeuttii'sli
in all thy Kates,
whatsoever thy
soul Insteth af-
ter, according to
the blessing of
the Lord thy
Ciod. Ue. 12, 15.

1 For tlic life of
the flesh is in
the hlo(Kl, and I
have given it to
you upon the al-
tjir, U) make an
atonement for
vour souls.. ..I,e.
17, 11. I)e. 12,
23. 1 Sa. 14. 33.
Ac. 15, 20, 29.

k Ex. 21, 28.

I ...Ye shall take
no satisfaction
for the life of n
murderer, which
is guilty of
<leath (fiiulli/ to
</i< ), but he siiall
surely l)e put to
deatli. Nn. Xi,
31. Ex. 21, 12.
Le. 24, 17. Mat.
20,52. Ke. 13,
10.

HI Is. 64, 9.

nPs. 145, 9.

o ...The heavcn.s
and the earth
which are now
...are kept in
store, reser>'eil
unto fire. ..2 I'e.
3,7.

;> ...The Jkiw that
is in the cloud
in the day of
rain...E7.e. 1. 28.
...(/< cnm/tasielh
the heaven n/tout
with a ylarions

rirrte Va:. 43,

12.) A throne

was set in hea-
ven, and One sat
on tlie throne...
and then; was a
niiiilwiw round
alK.ut the throne
...Re. 4, 3.

GEN. 9, 16. 1
11,15.)

GENESIS.

f A.M. 2257.
1 B.C. 3184.

q Is.5t, 10.

1^ Hcb., Chenaan.

r He tliat tillcth
his laiul .shall be
satisfied with
liread ... Pr. 12,
11.

.s- 1 Co. 10, 12.

uj (The JJabhht-
iiical lorilerstai/
Chat Cnnnnn

first hiiheld his
ijrand/alher in
this position,
and made a
mockery of him
to his father.)

I Whoso diggeth
a pit shall fall
therein, and he
that rolleth a
stone it will re-
turn upon him.
I'r. 2G, 27.

» Ex. 20, 12. Ga.
6, 1. We. 27, 16.

a (Or, littJe son,

llU'llilillf/ his

ijraiidson Cnnaau)

a.{The. Phanicinns
ih Carthaijiniiiiis,
who ivere descen-
dants of Canaan,
were destroyed hi/
the Israelites and
hy the liomayis.)
Jos. 9, 23. 1 Ki.
9, 20.

/3 Or, servant to
them.

y (Let Jehovah he
praised for the
blessings wh ich
Jle will hestow
on Shem. As re-
yards spiritual
blessings, this
prediction has
been fulfilUd.
Through the de-
.ir.enila nts of Shem
only has God
revealed His will
to man.)

S Or, persuade.

e ( This predietion
has been fulfilled
in the fact of the
de.sceniUints of
Japhelh [Euro-
pran.'t] po.isessing
and bearing sway
over a large por-
tion of the terri-
tories of She.m
\Asiatics'\.)

f ( Traditions cur-
rent in Armenia
declare that Noah
dwelt after the
iMuge in the de-
lightful plain at
the fool of Mount
Ararat. Hales.)

tlie cloud ; and I will look upon it,
that I may reineinber the everlasting
covenant between G od and every liv-
ing creature of all flesh that is upon
the earth."

^^And Clod said unto Noah, "This
{3 the token of the covenant, A\hich I
have established between Me and all
flesh that is upon the earth. "2

Probably soon after the last date. Foot of fl f)
Mount Arakat. L

Noah is intoxicated. The conduct of his
sons. Noah dies.

^^ And the sons of Noah, that went
forth of the ark, were Shem, and
Ham, and Japheth : and Ham is the
father of Canaan."'' ^'^ These co'e the
three sons of Noah : and of them was
the whole earth ox'crspread.

^•^And Noah began to be an hus-
bandman,'' and he planted a vineyard :
'^^ And he drank of the wine, and was
drunl^en ; and he was uncovered*'
within his tent. ^^And Ham, the
father of Canaan," saw the nakedness
of his father, and told his two breth-
ren without.' ^^And Shem and Ja-
pheth took a garment, and laid it
up<jn both their shoulders, and Avent
baclcM'ard, and covered the nakedness
of their fsither ; and their faces ivere
backward, and they saw not their
father's nakedness."

^•^And Noah awoke from his wine,
and knew what his younger"" son had
done unto him. ''^''And he said,
" (Jursed be Canaan ; a servant/^ of
servants shall he be unto his breth-
ren."— 2^And he said, " ]>lessed be
the Loud God of Shem ; and Canaan
shall be his servant.^ y ''^'^God shall
enlarge* Japheth, and he shall dwell
in the tents of Shem ;* and Canaan
shall be his servant,"

2^ And Noah lived after the flood
three hundred and fifty years^.^ ^^And
all the days of Noah were nine hun-
dred and fifty years : and lie died.

XI Fifth Rrcori). (Perhaps transmitted fl I
•J b,/ Abraham.) x. 1— .\i.2(). L "^

Deluge to a.m. WMi). B.C. 2.'5!)2.
History of the descendants of Noah,
[This chapter gives a list systematic.iUy arranged
of the nations inhabiting the tlinte quarters of the

globe. Tliat the names of individuals here men-
tioned designate nations is proved bj' the fact of
several plural terminations in the list. (Kosenniiil-
ler.) Abulfaragi gives the following as the division
of the earth : — the sons of Shem obtained the mid-
dle region, viz., Palestine, Syria, Assyria, Sliinar,
IJabel, Persia, and the lledjaz (Arabia). The sons
of Ham obtnined Teiniin ( Iduniea), Africa, Nigro-
lia, Egypt, Nubia, Ethiopia, Secundia, and India.
The sons of .Japheth obtained Garbia (the North),
Spain, France, the countries of the Greeks, the
Schivonians, Unlgarians, Tm'ks and AnniMiiaus.
AVitli this division most modern scholars agree,
excejit in the case of India, which some assign to
Shem. (l)e Sola.) See on the whole subject Wells's
Geog. and the J'ictorial Bible.~\

IVroW these are the generations of
_L^ the sons of Noah, Shem, Ham,
and Japheth ; and unto them were
sons born after the flood.

^ The sons of Japheth ; Gomer,
and Magog, and ISIadai, and ,Javan,
and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras.
■^And the sons of Gomer; Ashkenaz,
and Uiphath, and Togarmah. "^And
the sons of Javan ; Elishah, and
Tarshisli, Kittim, and Dodanim.^
^]jy these were tlie isles of the Gen-
tiles divided in their lands f every
one after his tongue, after their fami-
lies, in their nations,

^And the sons of Ham ;-^ Cush,
and Mizraim, and Phut, and Canaan.
^And the sons of Cush; Seba, and
Havilah, and Sabtah, and Kaamah,
and Sabtechah : and the sons of
Kaamah; Sheba, and Dedan. ^And
(Jush begat Nimrod ; he began to be
a mighty2' one in the earth. ^ He
was a mighty hunter before the
Lord:^ wherefore it is said, "Even as
Niinrod the mighty hunter before
the JjORD," ^^'And the beginning of
his kingdom was Habel,' and Erech,
and Accad, and Calneli, in the land
of Sliinar. ^^ Out of tliat land went
forth Asshur," and builded Nineveh,
and the city Uehoboth,^ and Calah,
^'^ and Kesen between Nineveh and
Calah : the same is a gi-eat city,
^^And Mizraim begat Ludim, and
Anamim, and Lehabim, and Naph-
tuliim, ^*and Pathrusim, and Caslu-
hiin, (out of whom came Philistim,)'^
and Caphtorim."

^^And Canaan begat Sidon" his

0 Or, as .some read
it, Hodanim.

V Ps. 72, 10. .Je.
2, 10, and 25, 22.
Zep. 2, 11.

X 1 Ch. 1, 8, &c.

y Ch. 6, 4.
z Ch. 6, 11.

I Gr., Ptahylon.

K Or, he went out
into Assgriii.

A Or, the streets
of the city.

IX (The Philistines
Clime forth out of
Jy/i//il, expelled
the A vims, and
estiiblishinij them-
selves along the
roast, gave their
mime to the whole
hind ; Dr. Kitto
thinks they were
the remnant of
the Jfylcsos.)

a 1 Ch. 1 12.
V Ileb., Tzidon

A.M. 2257. >
B.C. 3184. ;

GENESIS.

' GEN. 9, 16.
; 11, 15.

h Ch. 13, 12, 14,
ir>, and 15, 18.
Nil. M, 2-12.
Jos. 12, 7.

f Uc\}.,Azzah.

:lCh. 1, 17.
(Shmn irns the
Jnthrr of mnni/
nations, the hrt>-
t/irr of the elder
Jiiphtth. DatJie )

o Heb., Arpach-
shad.

TT (Called Meshedi,
1 CU. 1, 17.)

p Hob., Shelah,
ch. 11, 12.

t That '\s,division.

T (That is, the
time during wh ich
he administered
the affairs of the
familij of Shem.
A.M.2U64.1Iales.)

/ Ch. 9, 19.

V Ileb., Up.
(ft Heb., icordx.

firstborn, and Ileth, '"^and the Jebu-
sitc, and the Amorite, and the Gir-
gasitc, ^^and the llivite, and the
Arkite, and tlic Sinite, ^^and the
Arvadito, and tlie Zemarite, and the
llaniatliite : and afterward were the
families of the ( 'anaanites spread
abroad. ^''And the border of the
( 'anaanites* was fi-oin Sidon, as thou
comest to Gerar, unto Gaza ;f as thou
goest, unto Sodom, and GomoiTah,
and Adinah, and Zeboim, even unto
Lasha. ^'^' Tliese (tre. the sons of
Ham, after their families, after their
tongues, in their countries, ajid in
their nations.

^^Unto Shem also, the father of
all the children of Eber, the brother
of Japheth the elder, even to him
were clilldren born. ''^'^Thc children
of Shem \'= Elam, and Asshur, and
Arphaxad," and Lud, and Aram.
-'■^And the children of Aram ; Uz,
and Hid, and Gether, and Mash."^
-'^And Arphaxad begat Salah ;P and
Salah begat Eber. ^And unto
Eber were born two sons ; the name
of one was Peleg ;' for in his days
was the earth divided ;'' and his bro-
ther's name icas Joktan. ''^''And
.loktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph,
and Hazarmaveth, and .Jcrah, -'^and
llad()ram,and rzal,and Diklah, -^and
Gbal, and Abimael, and Sheba, ''^■'and
Ophir, and Havilah, and.lobab: all
tliese were the sons of Joktan. -^And
their dwelling was from Mesha, as thou
goest unto Sephar a mount of the east.
^^ These are the sons of Shem, after
their families, after their tongues, in
their lands, after their nations.

^- These are the families of the
sons of Noah, after their generations,
in their nations : and by these were
the nations divided'^ in the earth after
the flood.

Between aji. 3065 and 3134. n.c. 2376 and
23()7.

Is TRK NEIOnnOfRHOOD OF BaBVLOS.

The building of the tower of Btihel, and

the subsequent confusion of tongues.

NO the whole earth was of one
language," and of one speech.*

XI.]

'^And it came to pass, as they jour-
neyed from the east,''' that they
found a plain in the land of Shinar :'
and they dwelt there. '^ And they said
one to another," "Go to, let us make
brick/ and burn" them throughly."
— And they had brick for stone, and
slime bad they for morter.?

^And they said, "Go to, let us
build us a city and a tower, whose
top may reach unto heaven ;'' and
let us make us a name,' lest we be
scattered abroad upon the face of the
whole earth."

^And the Louu came down to see
the city and the tower, which the
children of men buildcd. ''And the
LoKD said, " Behold, the people is
one, and they have all one language :
and this they begin to do : and now
nothing will be restrained from them,
which they have imagined to do.
^Go to, let Us go down,* and there
confound their language, that they
may not understand one another's
speech."'

^ So the Lord scattered them abroad
from thence upon the face of all the
earth : and they left oft' to build the
city. — ^Therefore is the name of it
called Babel f because the Lord did
there confound the language of all
the earth : and from thence did the
Loud scatter them abroad upon the
foce of all the earth.^

From the Deluge to a.m. »103. b.c. 2038. T i o
Genejilogy and Chronology of the.descendants |_
of Shem.

*" These are the generations of
Shem ;"" Shem icas an hundred years
old, and begat Arphaxad* two years
after the flood : ^^ and Shem lived
after he begat Arphaxad five hundred
years, and begat sons and daughters.
^■^ And Arphaxad lived five and thirty
years, and begat Salah.* '''And
Aqdiaxad lived after l)e begat Salah
four hundred and three years, and
begat sons and daughters. •''And
Salah lived thirty years, and begat
Eber :^ '^and Salah lived after he
bejrat Eber four hundred and three

1^ Or, eastward,
as rb. 13, U.
2 Sa. 6, 2, witli
1 Ih. l.S, 6.

'^Ch.lO, 10, <t 14,

I. Da. 1,2. Zee.
6, 11.

u Heb., n man
said to his neigh-
l>our.

fl .Sa. 12,31.
Je. 43, ». Xa.
3, 14.

a Heb, bum them
to a burning.

g (Bitumen or as-
phaltum, with
which the neigh-
bour hooil of lia-
hylon, as is stated
hy Herodotus, has
always al>ou)uled.
So did the vale of
the Jordan, Ch
14, 10.

Jriehebe/l daubed
the ark with slim*
and with pitch...
Ex. 2, 3.)

AComp. De.l, 28,
and 9, 1. Da. 4,

II, 22.

( David Rat him
a name when he
retunu'd from
siiiitin)^ the Sy-
rians....2 Sa. 8,
13. l's.49, a.

k (Similar expres-
sionsare frequent
in Serijiture as)
I heard the voice
of the Lord, say-
in^,Whoiii shall
1 send, and who
will j;o for us?...
Is. 6,8. Ch. 18,
21. Ex. 3, 8.

I He disapjxiint-
eth the devices
of the crafty, so
that their hands
caiiiMt i)erfomi
llu-ir enterprise.
.Job 5, 12.

/3 That Is, confu-
sian,

y ( H'ith the addi-
tion of such con-
stitutional
changes a.s were
indisprnsabU to
the prrmanenl re-
siiUnce and well-
being of men in
the different re-
gions ocj-upied l/y
'them.)

m Ch. 10, 22.
1 Cll. 1, 17.

« ii.< .31.S3 See

J.n .3. a»\.
t ».<■. 2!IIS.
f B.C. 2788.

GEN. 11, 15. 1
13,15.;

GENESIS.

j A.M. 3403.
t B.C. 2038.

r, B.C. 2654. ICh.
19. C'tlUd I'ha-
tfc, Lu. 3, 35.

i (The durntion of
nid/i's li/i: now
hft/iris ropitlly to
(Urline. I'llef/ did
not Iwe half the
time of his father
Eber. After I'e-
leg and his son
and grandson, we
do not read of one
v;ho attained thi-
"(le of that 2>atri-
a rch.)

K n.c. 2392. Sa-
ruch, Lu. 3, 35.

K B.C. 2262.

(iB.c. 2183.
7'Aara, Lu.3,34.

i/(B.c.2113, or 1072

i/eiirs after the
flood, in the 13th
>jKir of Ninus
the foninihT of
the Assyrian
rnonarehy, and
5.38 yettrs after
A'imrod.)

n ...Ymir fatliprs
ilwult on tlio
otlior sidf (jf the
fl<ic)(l ill old time,
(■veil Terali, tlie
fatlicr of Abni-
liain and the
father of Na-
duir: and tlioy
sei-ved other
gods. Jos. 21, 2.
1 Ch. 1, 26.

o (According to
tradition, Iscah
isSurai.) In-
deed she is my
sister; she is the
daughter of my
father, hut not
the daughter of
my mother.
Ch. 20, 12.

p Thou didst

choose Aliram,
and broughti'St
him out of Ur
of tlie Chaldces.
Ne. 9, 7. Ac. 7,

J B.C. 2038.

years, and begat sons and daughters.
^^And Eber lived four and thirty
years, and begat Peleg r*) ^^ and Eber
lived after he begat Peleg four hun-
dred and thirty years, and begat sons
and daughters. ^*^And Peleg lived
thirty years, and begat Keu :" ^^and
Peleg lived after he begat Reu two
hundred and nine years, and begat
sons and daughters.' ^"^And Reu
lived two and thii'ty years, and begat
Serug :" -^ and Reu lived after he
begat Serug two hundred and seven
years, and begat sons and daughters.
^■^And Serug lived thirty years, and
begat Nahor:^ '^^and Serug lived after
he begat Nahor two hundred years,
and begat sons and daughters. ^^And
Nahor lived nine and twenty years,
and begat Terah :'^ '^^ and Nahor lived
after he begat Terah an hundred and
nineteen years, and begat sons and
daughters, ^g ^iid Terah lived seventy
years, and begat Abram,'' Nahor, and
Haran. ^

JOB i.-XLii. r-i A

The time of Job was later than this, but [_J-t-'
the Book is Introduced here, because it ex-
hibits the theology of the patriarchal period.

[Here commences the first of the three great periods
mentioned ))y Matthew, chiip. i. 18, to which the
first thirteen Sections have been introductory.]

Sixth KrroRD. (Perhaps transmitted htj
J in:,, I,.) xi. 27— XXXV. 29.
A.M. .'M0.3. B.C. 2038. Canaan.
The call of Abram. Jehovah begins to set
apart a peculiar people for special manifesta-
tions of himself.

2^ NOW these are the generations
of Terah : Terah begat Abram, Nahor,
and Ilaran ;" and ] laran begat Lot.
'"^^And Ilaran died before his father
Terah in the land of his nativity, in
Ur of the Chaldees.

^ And Abram and Nahor took them
wives ; the name of Abram 's wife
loas Sarai ; and the name of Nahor' s
Avife, Milcah, the daughter of Ilaran,
the father of Milcah, and the father
of Iscah." -^^Rut Sarai was barren;
she had no child. ^'^ And Terah took
Abram his son, and Lot the son of
Ilaran his son's son, and Sarai his
daughter in law, his son Abram's

[15

wife ; and they went forth with them
fi-om Ur of the Chaldees, to go into
the land of Canaan \P and they came
unto Ilaran, and dwelt there.^ ^^And
the days of Terah were two hundred
and five years : and Terah died in
-IT- J J -1 IIaran.° ^Now the Lokd had?
^^-'■-'■•J said unto Abram, "Get thee
out of thy country, and from thy
kindred, and from thy father's house,
unto a land that I will shew thee :
-and I will make of thee a great
nation, and I will bless thee, and
make thy name great ;*■ and thou
shalt be a blessing : ^and I will bless
them that bless thee, and curse him
that curseth thee :* and in thee shall
all fixmilies of the earth be blessed."'
^ So Abram departed, as the Lord
had spoken unto him ; and Lot went
with him : and Abram was seventy
and five years old when he departed
out of Haran." ^And Abram took
Sarai his wife, and Lot his brother's
son, and all their substance that they
had gathered, and the souls that they
had gotten in Ilaran ; and they went
forth to go into the land of Canaan ;
and into the land of Canaan they
came. ^And Abram passed" through
the land unto the place of Sichem,
unto the plain of Moreh. And the
Canaanite v.'as then in the land."'

^And the Lord appeared unto
Abram, and said, " Unto thy seed
will I give'' this land." — And there
builded he an altar unto the Lord,
who appeared unto him. ^ And he
removed fi-om thence unto a mountain
on the east of Beth-el, and pitched
his tent, having Beth-el on the west,
and II ai on the east : and there he
builded an altar unto the Lord, and
called upon the name of the Lord.
^And Abram journeyed, going on
still toward the south.''

A.M. 3404. B.C. 2037. EovrT.
Abram sojourns in Egypt.

[16

^^AND there was a famine^ in the
land : and Abram went down into
Egypt to sojourn there; for the famine

0 (The Samaritan
text has 1A5 years,
which brings the
death of Terah
to the same year
in wh ich A bra-
hiuH left Ilaran,
ai/re, ing vith the
Stat, mint of Ste-
phiii, When his
fatlier was dead
Abraham ... re-
moved into Ca-
naan. Ac. 7, 4.)

q ...The God of
Glory appeared
unto our father
Abraham when
he was in Meso-
potamia, before
he dwelt iuChar-
ran, and said...
Get thee out of

thy countrv

Ac. 7, 3. Ch. 15,
7.

r Ch. 17, 6, and
18, 18. De. 2G,
5. 1 Ki. 3, 8.

s If thou shalt in-
deed obey (my)
voice, ami do all
that 1 speak,
then I will he
an enemy unto
thine enemies...
Ex. 23, 22.

t ... Thoy which
be of faith are
blessed with
faithful Abra-
ham. Ga. 3, 9.

?i ...He went out,
not knowing
whither he went.
He. 11, 8.

V ...By faith he
sojourned in the
land of promise
as in a strange

country He.

11,9.

w (And were also
in the days of
Moses. De. 11,
30. The inter-
course betweeji
them and Al/ra-
ham is subse-
quently related,
ch. 23.)

'lie gave him
none inheritance
in it ; no, not so
much as to set
his foot on. ..Ac.
7,5.

<T Heb., in going
and journeying.

y Ch. 26, 1 ;

42, 5; and 47,
13. Ru. 1, 1.
2Sa. 21, 1. IKi.
17, 1. Je. 14, 1.

A.M. 3404. 1
B.C. 2037. i

GENESIS.

f GEN. 11,16.
1 13, 15.

z Tlic foarof miin
I)iiiif,'ctli dsiiaii'

...wllDSO pilttl'tll

Iiis trust in the
Lord shall be
safe (s'l on h if/It).
Vt. 29, 25.

o (To Mem})kis.)

« If a niler hear-
ken to lies, all
his servants are
wicked. I'r. 29,
12.

6 lie suffered no
man to do them
wrnuK; yea, lie
rcjinived kin«s
for their sakes.
1 Ch. 16, 21.

c Ch. 20, 9, and
26, 10.

t/iis time undrr
the yoke of the
Cufihite shfji-
ffrds or llyksos.
The king proba-
bly was Aphobis.)

p (M'hnt was af-
tervnrds the
auutli of JuJah.)
I Sa. 27, 10.

d Ch. 12, 7, 8.

s (P( rhapa in con-
srquence of Pha-
raoh's gifts. Ch.
12. 16.)

was grievous in the land. ^^ And it
came to pass, when he was come
near to enter into Egypt, that he
said unto Sarui his wife, " liehokl
now, I know that thou art a fair
woman to h)ok upon : ^'- therefore it
shall come to pass, when the Egyptians
shall see thee, that they shall say,
' This is his wife :' and they will kill
me, but they will save thee alive.
^^Say, 1 pray thee, thou a7-t my
sister ;* that it may be well with me
for thy sake ; and my soul shall live
because of thee."

^^And it came to pass, that, when
Abram was come into Egypt, ° the
]"]gyptians beheld the woman that she
was very fair. ^^The princes also of
Pharaoh saw her, and conmiended"
her before Pharaoh : and the woman
was taken into Pharaoh's house.
^^And he entreated Abram w^ell for
her sake : and he had sheep, and
oxen, and he asses, and mcnservants,
and maidservants, and she asses, and
camels.

^^And the Lord plagued Pharaoh
and his house with great plagues
because of Sarai Abi*am's mfe.*

^^And Pharaoh called Abram, and
said, " What is this that thou hast
done unto me ? why didst thou not
tell me that she was thy wife?*^
^^Why saidst thou, She is my sister?
so I might have taken her to me to
wife : now therefore behold thy wife,
take /«er, and go thy way."

^And Pharaoh"^ commanded Iiis
men concerning him : and they sent
him away, and his ^^^fe, and all that
-y-TTT -| he had. ^ And Abram went
A.lli.J ,jp p^^ Qf Egypt, he, and

his wife, and all that he had, and
Lot with him, into the south.?'' '-'And
Abram was very rich in cattle, in
silver, and in gold.* ^And he went
on his journeys from the south even
to Beth-el, unto the place where his
tent had been at the beginning, be-
tween Bcth-el and Ifai ; ^unto the
place of the altar, which he hsid msule

there nt the first : and there Abram
called on the name of the Loud.

A.M.3405; B.o. 2036. South of Canaan, f] '7
Abram and Lot separate. The Divine grant \_^ '
of the land to Abram.

^AND Lot also, which went with
Abram, had flocks, and herds, and
tents." "^Aiid the land was not able
to bear them, that they might dwell
together : for their substance was
gi-eat, so that they could not dwell
together/

'^And there was a strife between
the herdmen of Abram's cattle and
the herdmen of Lot's cattle : and the
Canaanite and the Perizzite dwelled
then in the land.

^And Abram said unto Lot, "Let
there be no strife, I pray thee, be-
tween me and thee, and laetween my
herdmen and thy herdmen ;^ for we
be brethren.^ ^/s not the whole land
before thee ? separate thyself, I pray
thee, from me : if t/iott wilt take the
loft liand, then I will go to the right ;
or if thou depart to the right hand,
then I will go to the left."''

^" And Lot lifted uj) his eyes, and
beheld all the plain of Jordan, that
it was well watered every where,
before the L(jkd destroyed Sodom
and GomoiTah, even as the garden
of the Lord, like the land of Egypt,
as thou comest unto Zoar. ^'Tlien
Lot chose him all the plain of Jordan ;'
and Lot joiu-neyed east ;" and they
separated themselves the one from
the other.

^- Abram dwelled in the land of
Canaan, and Lot dwelled in the cities
of the plain, and pitched his tent
toward Sodom. — ^^ But the men of
Sodom tcere wicked and sinners be-
fore the LoKU exceedingly.*

^^And the Lord said unto Abram,
after that Lot was separated from
him, " Lift up now thine eyes, and
look from the place where thou art,
northward, and southward, and east-
ward, and westward : '^for all the
land which thou seest, to thee' will

e ...The men of
the east (had)
their tents .
their cnrtiiinH,&
all their vessels,
& theircanieU
Je. 19, 29.

/...When poods
increase, they
are increased
that eat them :
and what t^ood
is there to the
owners thereof,
saving the bi--
holdin^ of them
with their eyes y
Kc. 5, 11.

y Ulessed are the
]>eace-makers,
for thevsliallho
call.d the chil-
dren iif t;i)d.

-Mat. 5, 9. ICo.
6, 7. Vr. 20, 22.
l*s. 133, 1.

T Ileb., 7/1'ri Irith-
ri-n. See ch. 11,
27,31. Ex.2, 13,

h ...Yielding pa-
cifietli great of-
fences. Kc. 10,
■J. Ro. 12, 18
He. 12, 14. Ja
3,17.

i He that lovetb
silver shall not
be satisfied with
silver, nor hi
that loveth a
liiiiulance with
increase. ..Ec. 6,
10.

V (The Plain of
Jordan here in-
cludes the valley
of Siddim, thro'
which the Jordan
formtrly jloictd,
and fnallg dis-
charged its tra-
trrs into the Dnid
Sea, Hurck-

hardt's Trac-l.
p. 441. The

breadth of this
valley variesfrom
four to eight or
ten mites.)

k This was the
inii|uity of.. .So-
dom, pride, ful-
ness of bread,
& abundance of
idleness was in
her and in her
daughters... Ezc.
16, 49. Ch. 19,
29. 2 Pe. 2, 7, 8.

I Ch. 12, 7; 15,
IS; 17,8; 24,7;
and 26, 4. Nu.
34, 12. Do. »4,
4. Ac. 7, 5.

GEN. 13, 15. 1
10, 2. /

GENESIS.

f A.M. 3409.
1 B.C. 2032.

//) Thou, Israel,
art My servant,
Jacob wliom I
liave chosen,
the seed of A-
brahain My
friend. Is. 41, 8.

,1 Ch. 28, 14. Ex.
32, 13. Nu. 23,
10. Is. 48, 19.
Je. 33. 22.

V lleb., plaina.

</) (Without men-
tioning the ain-

jectures ofaricitnt
and modern com-
mentators as to
the exact site of
these cities and
districts, it will
be sufficient to
say that thiy were
all situated to the
N.E'. of Canaan,
(£• near Assyria.
Ch. 10, 10. Is.
11, 11.)

.- Nu. 34, 12. Dc.
3, 17. Jos. 3, 16.

// Ch. 15, 20. E>e.
3, 11.

'/ .Jos. 12, 4, and
13, 12.

r De. 2, 20.

s' De. 2, 10, 11.

X Or, the plain of
Kiriathaim.

t De. 2, 12, 22.

\j/ Or, the plain of
Varan. Cli. 21,
21. Nn. 12, 16,
and 13, 3.

(o (What was af-
terwards called
the country of
the Am/ilekites.
Amalek was a
grandson of Esau.
Ch. 35, 12.)

a (In the south of
J'aUstine, near
the Dead Si-a,
afterwards called
En-gedi. 2 Ch
20, 2.)

I ^ve it, and to thy seed"' for ever.
i^Aiid 1 will make thy seed as the
dust of the earth : so that if a man
can number the dust of the earth,
then shall thy seed also be numbered."
"Arise, walk through the land in
the length of it and in the breadth
of it; for I will give it unto thee."

^^Then Abram removed his tent,
and came and dwelt in the plain" of
Mann-e, which is in Hebron, and
built there an altar unto the Lord.

VT"\r 1 A.M. 3409. B.C. 2032. TheValk ri Q

AiV.J OF SiDDIM. L-"-^

The invasion of the cmmtry hyfour
kings from the East.

AND it came to pass in the days
of Amraphel king of Shinar,
Arioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaoraer
king of Elam, and Tidal king of
nations ;'^ ^ that these made war with
Bera king of Sodom, and with Birsha
king of GomoiTah, Shinab king of
Admah, and Shemeber king of Ze-
boiim, and the king of Bela, which
is Zoar. ^ All these were joined toge-
ther in the vale of Siddim, which is
the salt sea." ^Twelve years they
served Chedorlaomer, and in the thir-
teenth year they rebelled. ^And in
the fourteenth year came Chedorlao-
mer, and the kings that were with
him, and smote the RephaimsP in
Ashteroth Karnaim,? and the Zuziins''
in Ham, and the Emiras* in 8haveh
Kiriathaim,^ *'and the Horites'' in their
mount Seir, unto El-paran,"^ which
is by the wilderness. '' And they re-
turned, and came to En-mishpat,
which is Kadesh, and smote all the
country of the Amalekites," and also
the Amorites, that dwelt in Ilazezon-
tamar.'' ^And there went out the
king of Sodom, and the king of Go-
morrah, and the king of Admah, and
the king of Zeboiim, and the king of
liela (the same is Zoar) ; and they
joined battle with them in the vale
of Siddim; "with Chedorlaomer the
king of Elam, and with Tidal king
of nations, and Amraphel king of
Shinar, and Arioch king of Ellasar ;

four kings with five. ^^ And the vale
of Siddim ivas full o/'slimepits ;^" and
the kings of Sodom and Gomorrah
fled, and fell there ; and they that
remained fled to the mountain. ^^ And
they took all the goods" of Sodom
and Gomorrah, and all their victuals,
and went their way. ^^And they
took Lot, Abram' s brother's son, who
dwelt in Sodom, and his goods,'" and
departed.

^^And there came one that had
escaped, and told Abram the He-
brew ; for he dwelt in the plain of
Mamre the Amorite, brother of Esh-
col, and brother of Aner : and these
iyere confederate* with Abram. ^'*And
when Abram heard that his brother^
was taken captive, he armedY his
trained^ servants, born in his own
house, three hundred and eighteen,
and pm-sued them unto Dan.* ^'^ And
he divided himself against them, he
and his servants, by night, and smote
them, and pm-sued them unto Hobah,^
which is on the left hand of Damas-
cus.'' ^^ And he brought back all the
goods, and also brought again his
brother Lot, and his goods, and the
women also, and the people.^

^^ And the king of Sodom went out
to meet" him after his return^ from
the slaughter of Chedorlaomer, and
of the kings that were with him, at
the valley of Shaveh, which is the
king's dale.

^^And Melchizedck^ king of Salem
brought forth bread and wine : and
he ivas the priesf^ of the most high
God. ^'•'And he blessed him, and
said, " Blessed he Abram of the most
high God, possessor of heaven and
earth : ^'^and blessed be the most high
God, which hath delivered'^ thine
enemies into thy hand."

And he gave him tithes of all.

2^ And the king of Sodom said unto
Abram, "Give me the persons,' and
take the goods to thyself."

'■^■'^And Abram said to the king of
Sodom, " I have lift'' up mine hand

;8 (I'itsofhitumen.
Ges. Kos., &c.)

»Ch.ll,3; 19,17,
30.

V Ver. 16, 21.

10 Je. 2, 17. Ch.
13, 5, 12.

X Ver. 24.
^ I'r. 17, 17.

7 Or, led forth.

S Or, instructed.

e (In the time of
Eusehius it was
a srtmll villaije
four miles from
Pnueas, towards
Tyre. De. 34, 1.
Ju.18,29. It was
a town anciently
called Laish.)

f (Nothing is
known of this
place, which is
not again men-
tioned in Scrip-
ture.)

I) (By some held
to he the most an-
cient city in the
world, and ?ias
held a flourishing
condition in all
ages. It is situ-
ated at the foot of
Mt. Lihnnus, in a
vfrnfrrlile plain,
ahuiidaiilhi wa-
tered by the Bar-
rada [either the
Ahana or Phar-
par of 2 Ki. 5,
12] and its off-
shoots, with the
aid of canals. It
is from 6 io 8
days journey
from Jerusalem.
2Sa.8, 6. 1 Ki.
11, 24; 20, .34.
Is. 7, 8 ; 17, 3.)

z 1 Sa. 30, 19.

a Ju. 11, 34.

1 Sa. 18, 6.
31,4.

h He. 7, 1.

6 (It is highly pro-
liiible that Mel-
chizedek was the
paramount chief
of the whole
country. F.C'or-
bau.x.)

c He. 7, 3

d (So it is said of
Josliua) be-
cause the Lord
God of Israel
fought for Is-
rael...Jos. 10, 42.

I Heb., souls.

e Da. 12, 7. Ex.
6, 8. Ke. 10, 5, 6.

Je.

A.M. 3412. 1
3.C. 2029.i

GENESIS.

f GEN. 13, 15.
1 16, 2.

/ (So the Jews vi
t/f (hiys of A>-

th,r) <ill the

pri'y tlu-y liiid
iKit tlii'ir Imiid.
i:s. 9, 10, 15 ; a
U.

<j Withliold not
(;iii>(l from tliom
(llcb., thtoirmrs
llitri-of) towliom
it is due. .1*1', 3,
•27. Vlt. 13.

h (The fuljilmeiil
of My pronii.li)
is yet for an np-
jviinted time,
tint at tlio end it
rIihII siK'iik and
ni>t lie ; tliouj^h
it tarry wait for
it, because it
will sun'ly come,
it will not taiTV.
Ha. 2, 3. Da.
1(1, 1. Ac. 10,10.
Lu. 1, 13, 20.

i Pr. 11, 18.

k ...Make thee a
frroat nation...
bli'S.s thee and
make thy name
great.. .Ch. 12,2.
Ac. 7, 6.

I (One of my) ser-
vants... Oh. 14,
14.

«i The Lord your
(iod hath mnlti-
Iilied you, and
l)eliold ye are
tliis day as the
stars of heaven
for nniltitiide.
De. 1, 10. ICh.
27, 23, (irhick h
t'lpical of a api-
rituiil fuljilmvnt)
As the host of
heaven cannot
be numbered,
neither the sand
of the sea mea-
sured, so will I
multiply the
seed of David
Mv ser\-aiit, and
the LeviU's that
minister unto
.Me. Jc. 33, 22.

II ...Heinp fully
pi'i-suaded that
wbatllehad pro-
mised He was
able also to per-
fomi. Ho. 4,21.
CSa. 3, 6.

o ...Shew mo a
8ign....Iu. 6, 17,
.37. Ch. 24, 13.
1 .'<a. 14, 9, 10.
2Ki. 20,8. Lu.
1, 18.

unto the Loud, the most hifjli (Jod,
tlie possessor of heaven ami eartli,
■''''that 1 will not take tVoni a thread
even to a shoelatehet/ ami that 1 will
not take any thiiif^ that is thine, lest
thou shouldest say, ' 1 have made
Abram rieh :' -^save only that which
tiie youncf men have eaten, and the
portion of the men which went with
me, Aner, Kshcol, and Manire ; let
them take their portion."^

XV.]

.V..M. 3412. B.C. 2029. HEnRON.

Cr'cx/ ripeiiUi ami confirms his pro-

tiiisK to Abram.

[19

AFTER these things the word of
the Loud came unto Abram in
a vision, saying, " Fear not, Abram :''
I o)n thy shield, and thy exceeding
great reward."'

'-'And Abram said, "Lord CJod,
what*' wilt Thou give me, seeing I go
childless, and the steward of my
house is this Eliezer of Damascus?''
^And Abram said, " Ik'hold, to me
Thou hast given no seed : and, lo,
one born' in my house is mine heir."

■*And, behold, the word of the
LoHD came unto him, saying, " This
shall not be thine heir ; but he that
shall come forth out of thine own
bowels shall be thine heir." ''And
He brought him forth abroad, and
said, " Look now toward heaven, and
tell the stars, if thou be able to num-
ber them ;" — and He said unto him,
" 8o nhall thy seed be.""'

^And he believed" in the Lord;
and He counted it to Him for righte-
ousness,

^And He said unto him, " I avi
the LoiU) that brought thee out of Ur
of the Chaldees, to give thcc this
land to inherit it."

^And he said, "Lord Clou, whereby
shall I know that 1 shall inherit it.'""

'■'And He said unto him, "Take
me an heifer of three years old, and
a she goat of three years old, and a
ram of three years old, and a turtle-
dove, and a young pigeon."

'•^And he took unto him all these,
and divided theiu in the midst, and

laid each i)ieee one au;ainst another ;/'
but the birds divided he not.'' " And
when the fowls came down upon the
carcases, Abram drove them away.
*^And when the sun was going down,
a deep sleep'' fell upon Abram ; and,
lo, an horror of great darkness fell
upon him,

^■'And He said unto Abram, "Know
of a svu-ety that thy seed shall be a
stranger in a land t/iat is not their's,
and shall serve them ;' and they shall
afHiet' them four hundred years," ^■'and
also that nation, whom they shall
serve, will 1 judge :" and afterward
shall they come out with great sub-
stance."' ^'^ And thou shalt go to thy
fathers in peace ; thou shalt be buried
in a good old age.-^ '^'Jiut in the
fourth^ generation they shall come
hither again : for the iniquity of the
Amorites is not yet fiiU."*

^'^And it came to pass, that, when
the sun wTiit down, and it was dark,
behold a smoking furnace, and a
burning lamp* that passed between
those pieces,

^^In the same day the Louu made
a covenant with Abram, saying,
" Unto thy seed" have I given this
land, fi'om the river of Egy])t unto
the great river, the river Eu])hrates :*
^'■'the Kenites, and the Kenizzites,
and the Kadmonites, ^"^'and the Hit-
tites, and the Perizzites, and the
Rephaims, -'and the Amorites, and
the ("anaanites, and the (Jirgashites,
and the Jebusites."

WT 1 *•>• 3413. B.C.2028. IlEBHOW. fOA
■^ *- ' -"^ • J Th* history of Unyar <t Ishmnel. |_'^ "

NOW Sarai Abram's wife bare him
no children : and she had an
haiidiiKiid, an Egyptian, whose name
was Hagar.*^

'-'And Sarai said unto Abram, "I'e-
hold now, the Loud hath restrained
me from bearing : I pray thee, go in
unto my maid ; it may be that I may
obtain children by her,"''*

And Abram hearkened to the voice
of Sarai,*^

/' ...And passed
between the

partK Je. 34,

IS, 19.

a Lc. 1, 17.

r(So Daniel)

was in a deep
sleep on (his)
face. ..Da. 10, 9.
Ch. 2, 21.

s ...StranRers in
the land of E-
pypf...Le. 19,3^1.
i's. 105, 23.

t He turned their
heart to hate
his people, to
deal subtilly
with his ser-
vants. 1*8. 105,
25.

u The sojourning
...was 43<i years

Kx. 12, 40.

Ac. 7, 6. lia. .S,
17.

V Dc. 6, 22.

w He brought
them forth also
with silver and
gold ; and there
wa,s not one fee-
bl(! jH-rson a-
mi>ng their
tribes. I's. 105,
37. E.\. 12, 36.

X He lived 175

years an oM

man and full of
years. Ch. 25, 8.

,y t;.\. 12, 40.

; Da. 8,2.3. Mat.
2.), 32. 1 Th. 2,
16.

K Ileb., a lamp of
fire.

<t Is. 27, 12. Oa.

3, 16.

/. 2 Ch. 9, 26.

cCh. 12, IG; 15,
2, 3; 21, 10. Ga.
4,24.

</Ch.30,3.6. Rn.

4, 11. ..The wife
and childri'U
shall l>e her

master's Kx.

21, 4.

A Ileb., btbuildai
by h,r.

fx (S<t, Atiam hear-
kriiril lo thf voiCf
of Eve. Ch. 3,

17.)

GEN. 16, 3. 1
18, 8. j"

GENESIS.

/A.M. 3426.
t B.C. 2015.

v (For Abraham
said)...! po
childless. ..Oh.
15, 2.

'; Pr. 30, 21, 23.

f (Thf, injury un-
der ivhich I suffer
rests upon thee.
Thou art to blame,
for it. Maurer.
"Or, it is thy dut'j
to avenge the iii-
jurij done me,
Da'the.) Oh. ,31,
53. 1 Sa, 24, 12.
Ex. 5, 21.

o Hcb., that which
is good in thine
eyes.

rr Ileb., afflicted
her.

f Better is a din-
ner of lierhs
where love is,
than a stalled
ox and hatred
therewith. Pr.
15, 17.

g ...The angel of
His presence...
Is. 63, 9. Tlie
GOD of Bethel.
Ch. 31, 11, 13...

The LORD

Ex. 3, 2—6.

/(lSa.1.5,7. Ch.
20, 1; 25, 18. Ex.
15, 22. 1 ,Sa. 27,

! Servants to

he obedient unto
their own ma.s-
ters, & to please
them well in all
things. ...Tit. 2,
9. 1 Pe. 2, 18.

/; Twelve

princes shall he
beget: and I will
make him a
great nation.
Ch. 17, 20, and
25, 16.

p That is, God
shall hear.

I (Like the wild
assj whose house
I have made the
wilderness, and
the baiTen land
his dwellings.
.Job 39, 6. Cli.
21, 20.

m lie died

(lleb., he/ell) in
the presence of
all his brethren.
Ch. 25, 18.

n Pr. 5, 21.

^ And Sarai Abrara's -w-ife took Ha-
gar her maid the Egyptian, after
Abram had dwelt ten years? in the
land of Canaan, and gave her to her
husband Abram to be his wife. ^And
he went in unto Hagar," and she con-
ceived : and when she saw that she
had conceived, her mistress was des-
pised in her eyes.*

^ And Sarai said unto Abram, "My
wi'ong he upon thee :^ I have given
my maid into thy bosom ; and when
she saw that she had conceived, I
was despised in her eyes : the Lokd
judge between me and thee."

^ But Abram said unto Sarai, "Be-
hold, thy maid is in thy hand ; do to
her as it pleaseth thee."°

And when Sarai dealt hardly with
her,'^ she fled from her face./

"^ And the Angela of the Lord found
her by a fountain of water in the wil-
derness, by the fountain in the way
to Shur.^

^Aiid He said, "Ilagar, Sarai's
maid, whence camest thou ? and
whither wilt thou go ?"

And she said, " I flee fi-om the
face of my mistress Sarai.

^And the Angel of the Lord said
unto her, " Kcturn to thy mistress,
and submit thyself under her hands."'
— ^*^And the Angel of the Lord said
unto her, " I will multiply thy seed
exceedingly, that it shall not be num-
bered for multitude."^ — ^^ And the
Angel of the Lord said unto her,
" Behold, thou art with child, and
shalt bear a son, and shalt call liis
name lshmael;P because the Lord
hath heard thy affliction. ^^And he
will be a wild man ;' his hand loill be
against every man, and every man's
hand against him ; and he shall dwell
in the presence of all his brethren.""'

^^And she called the name of the
Lord -that spake unto her, Thou God
seest me: for she said, "Have I also
here looked after Him that seeth
me?"" — "Wherefore the well was

called Beer-lahai-roi •,f° behold, it is
between Kadesh^ and Bered.

^^ And Hagar bare Abram a son :
and Abram called his son's name,
which Hagar bare, Ishmael. ^^And
Abram ivas fourscore and six years
old, when Hagar bare Ishmael to
Abram.

3426. B.C. 2015. IlEBBON. rc) 1
institution of circumcision. [_'*' ■'■

XVII.] ^/t,

A son by Snrah is pro7)iised to
Abraluim.

AND when Abram was ninety years
old and nine, the Lord appeared
to Abram, and said unto him, " I am
the Almighty God ;? walk*" before
Me, and be thou perfect.^ ^And I
will make My covenant between Me
and thee, and will multiply thee ex-
ceedingly."

^ And Abram fell on his face :*
And God talked with him, saying,
^ "As for Me, behold, My covenant is
with thee, and thou shalt be a father
of many nations. ^^ ^ Neither shall
thy name any more be called Abram,
but thy name" shall be Abraham;"
for a father of many nations have I
made thee." ^And I Avill make thee
exceeding fruitful, and I will make
nations of thee, and kings shall come
out of thee."" ''And I will establish
My covenant between Me and thee
and thy seed after thee in their gene-
rations for an everlasting covenant,^
to be a God unto thee, and to thy
seed after thee.y ^And I will give
unto thee, and to thy seed after thee,
the land wherein thou art a stranger,"^
all the land of Canaan, for an ever-
lasting possession : and I will be their
God."^

^And God said unto Abraham,
"Thou shalt keep My covenant there-
fore, thou, and thy seed after thee
in their generations. ^'^This is My
covenant, which ye shall keep, be-
tween Me and you and thy seed after
thee ; Every man child among you
shall be circumcised.'' ^^ And ye shall
circumcise the flesh of your foreskin ;
and it shall be a token of the cove-

p That is, The
well of him that
liveth and seeth
me.

0 Ch. 24, 62, and

25, 11.

p (In) the wilder-
ness of I'aran.
Nu. 13, 26.

2 Je. 32, 17.

r By mercy and
truth iniiiuity is
purged ; and by
the fear of the
Lord men dojiart
from evil....l'r.
16, 6. De. 18, 13.
Jobl, 1.

S Or, vpright, or,
sincere.

s For he was

afraid to look
upon God. ...Ex.
3, 6.

t Ro. 4, 11.

T Heb., multitude
of nations.

u Thou fonndest
his heart faith-
ful before Thee.
Ne. 9, 8.

V That is. Father
of a great multi-
tude.

V Ro. 4, 17.

jv (There were)...
mightj' kings...
over Jerusalem,

which ruled

over all coun-
tries beyond the
river; and toll,
tribute, and cus-
tom was paid
unto them.
Ezr. 4, 20.

X ...The covenant
that was con-
firmed before of
God in C'lirist
the Law. ...can-
not disannul...
Ga. 3, 17.

y He. 9, 15.

<|) Heb., of thy

sojournings.

z ...A Father un-
to you and ye...
...my sons and

daughters

2 Co. 6, 18. Ex.
6, 7. De. 14, 2 ;

26, 18; and 29,
13.

a Ro 4,11.

A.M. 3426. 1
B.C. 2015. i

GEiNESlS.

f GEN. 16, 3.
1 18, 8.

X llcb^ a son of
eighl days.

h Lc. 12, 3. Lu.
2, 21. J no. 7,
22. Phi. 3, 5.

f The soul that
doi'th ought pre-
sumptuously,
whi'ther he b«i
iKirii in the Iftiul
or a straugcr,
the same re-
proachi'tli tlif
Lord; and tliat
soul shall Ih> cut
off from anionj?
his people. lie-
cause he hath
despised the
wordof the Lord,
and hath broken
His command-
ment. Nu. 15,
A), 31. Ex. 4, 21.

y^i That \s,Princess

d Ch. 18, 10.

u Ileb., shf shall
bfcume nations.

e Brethren, we
(believers in
Christ) are. ..not
the children of
the Ixmdwoman,
lint of the free,
(.ia. 4, 31. (And
viiiiifn nrf)
daughters (of
Sara) as long as
(thevi do well.
1 l*e". 3, C.

/' ... Your father
Aliraliain re-
joiced to see My
clay, and he saw
it, and was glad.
J no. S, 50.

1/ (With) towns

and castles

Ch. 2o, 16.

h That is, They
which arc the
children of the
flesh, these are
not the childuMi
of God: but the
children of the
promise are
Counted for the
seed. Ro. 9, 8.

naiit betwixt ^Ic ami you, ^^And
he that i.s eif^ht-x days old shall be
eirc'unicised anioiif? yon, every man''
child in your generations, he that is
born in the house, or bought with
money of any stranger, which is not
of thy seed, ^^lle that is born in
thy house, and he that is bought with
tliy money, must needs'^ be circum-
cised : and My covenant shall be in
your flesh for an everlasting covenant.
^^And the uncircumcised man child
whose flesh of his foreskin is not cir-
cumcised, that soul shall be cut oft"
from his people ; he hath broken My
covenant."

^^ And God said unto Abraham,
" As for K^arai thy wife, thou shalt
not call lier name 8arai, but Sarah*''
shall her name be. ^""And I will
bless her, and give thee a son also
of her :'' yea, I will bless her, and
she shall be a mothei-^ of nations ;
kings of people shall be of her."*

^^ Then Abraham fell upon his
face, and laughed, and said in his
heart, "Shall a child be bom unto
him that is an hundred years old?
and shall Sarah, that is ninety years
old, bear?"/ — ^''And Abraham said
unto God, " 0 that Islmiael might
live before Thee!"

^''And God said, "Sarah thy wife
shall bear thee a son indeed ; and
thou shalt call his name Isaac : and
I will establish My covenant with
him for an everlasting covenant, and
with his seed after lam. ^'And as
for Ishmael, I have heard thee : lie-
hold, I have blessed him, and will
make him fruitful, and will multiply
him exceedingly; twelve princes shall
he beget, and I will make him a great
nation.? ^^ lint My covenant will I
establish with Isaac,* which Sarah
shall bear unto thee at this set time
in the next year."

^■^ And He left off talking with him,
and God went up from Abraham.

^And Abraham took Ishmael his
son, and all that were born in his

house, and all that were bought with
his money, every male among the
men of Abraham's house ; an<l cir-
cumcised' the flesh of their foreskin
in the selfsame* day, as God had
said unto him. ^'^And Abraham was
ninety years old and nine, when he
was circumcised in the flesh of his
foreskin. ^^And Ishmael bis son was
thirteen years old, when he was cir-
cumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
■"^•"In the selfsame day was Abraham
circumcised, and Ishmael his son.
'^'^And all the men of his house, born
in the house, and bought with money
of the stranger, were circumcised
with him.'

V YTTT "1 A.M. 3426. B.C.
•^^ ' J- J- J- -J The approachi

iiy destruction
the Cities of the Plain.

'"• [22

AND the Lord appeared unto him
in the plains of Mamre;'" and
he sat in the tent door in the heat of
the day ; '^ and he lift up his eyes and
looked, and, lo, three men stood by
him : and when he saw them, he ran"
to meet them fi'om the tent door, and
bowed" himself toward the ground,
^and said, "My Lord, if now I have
found favour in Thy sight, pass not
away, I pray thee, fi-om thy servant:^
**let a little water, I pray you, be
fetched, and wash your feet, and rest
yourselves under the tree -.'i ^and I
will fetch a morsel of bread, and com-
fort* ye your hearts ; after that ye
shall pass on :'' for therefore arc ye
come^ to your seiwant."

And they said, " So do, as thou
hast said."

^And Abraham hastened into the
tent unto Sarah, and said, " Make
ready> f|uickly three measures of fine
meal, knead it, and make cakes upon
the hearth."

^And Abraham ran unto the herd,
and fetcht a calf* tender and good,
and gave it unto a young man ; and
he hasted to dress' it. '^And he took
butter,* and milk," and the calf which
he had dressed, and set it before them;

1 ... fircunicision
verily jirotiteth,
if thou keep the
law : but if thou
he a breaker of
the law, thy cir-
cumcision is
made uncirciim-
cision. Ho. 2, 25.

k I made haste,
and delayed not
to kei'pTliy com-
mandments.
I's. liy, GO.

I Ch. 18, 19.

711 Abraham dwelt
in the jdain <if
Manire, which is
in Hebron. Ch.
13, 18, and 14, 13.

n Be not forget-
ful to entertiiin
strangers : for
thereby some
have entertained
angels unawares
lie. 13, 2.

o Ch. 2.3, 7; .3.3,
3, 7 ; and 43, 26.
Uu. 2, 10. 2 Ki.
2, 15.

p Use hospitality
one to another
without grudg-
ing. 1 Be. 4, 9.

q Ch. 19, 2: 24,
.3-2: ami 43, 24.
1 Ti. 5, 10.

a Ileb., stay.

r ("Ciideon said)
Depart not
hence, I pmy

thee, until I

bring forth my
present or, lumt
(iff'-riii;!), and set
it befo'iv thee,
.lu. 6, 18, and
19, 5.

/3 Heb., you have
passed.

y Heb, hastm.

s The liberal de-
viseth IIIkthI
things. ..Is. 32,8.

t ... Manoah said
unto the angel,
....Let US det4iin
thee until we
shall have made
ri'Hilv a kill for
thee' Ju. 13, 15.

i (Cream, or
cloltal cream.)

u I)c. .32, 14.

GEN. 18, 8. 7
19, 17. i

GENESIS.

J A.M. 3426.
t B.C. 2015.

V .. .Waited.. .((J^)
Ne. 12, 44.

w Discreet,

chaste, kccjiers
at home, pood,
obedient to their
ovm husbands...
Tit. 2, 5. Ch.
24, 67.

X Ro. 4, 20.

/ Through faitli
also Sarah her-
self received
strength to con-
ceive seed. ..lie.
11, 11.

? If it be marvel-
lous (or, hnrd,
or, difficult) in
(your) eyes,
should it also be
mai-vellous in
Mine eyes ?saith
the Lord of hosts.
Zee. 8, 6. Mat.
3, 9. Lu. 1, 37.

n The lip of truth
shall be estab-
lished for ever;
but a lying
tongue is but
for a moment.
Pr. 12, 19.

/' Ac. 1.5, 3; 20,
:iS; and 21, 5.
Uo. 15,24. 3 J no.
G.

c ....My friend...
Is. 41, 8.

il Ye are the chil-
dren of the jiro-
phets, andiif the
covenant whicli
God made with
our fathers, say-
ing unto Abni-
liain, And in tliv
seed shallall the
kindreds of tin;
earth be blessed.
Ac. 3, 25.

e Train up (i>i-
iti'ite, or rl'ili-
mU, l)e. 20, 5.
1 Ki. 8, (>5.) a
child in the way
he should go,and
when he is old
he will not de-
part from it.
rr. 22, 6.

/Those that ho-
nour Me I will
honour. 1 Sa. 2,
30.

and he stood'' by them under the tree,
and they did eat.

^ And they said unto liini, " Where
is Sarah tliy wife?"

And he said, " Behold, in the
tent.""'

^•^And He said, "I will certainly
return unto thee according to the
time of life ; and, lo, Sarah thy wife
shall have a son."-'^

And Sarah heard it in the tent
door, which ivas behind hiin.

^^Now Abraham and Sarah ive7'e
old and well stricken in age ; and it
ceased to be with Sarah after the
manner of women. ^^ Therefore Sarah
laughed within herself, saying, "After
I am waxed old shall I have pleasm*e,
my lord being old also?"^

^^And the Lord said unto Abra-
ham, " Wherefore did Sarah laugh,
saying, ' Shall I of a surety bear a
child, which am old ?' ^''Is any thing
too hard for the Lord ?' At the time
appointed I will return unto thee, ac-
cording to the time of life, and Sarah
shall have a son."

^^ Then Sarah denied, saying, "I
laughed not ;"

For she was afraid.

And He said, " Nay ; but thou
didst laugh.""

^^ And the men rose up from thence,
and looked toward Sodom : and Abra-
ham Avent with them to bring them
on the way.* ^''And tlie Lord said,
" Shall I hide from Abraham'' that
thing which I do ; ^^ seeing that Abra-
ham sliall surely become a great and
mighty nation, and all the nations of
the earth shall be blessed in him V''
^'^For I know him, tliat he will com-
mand his children'" and his household
after him, and they shall keep the
way of the Lord, to do justice and
judgment ; that the Lord may bring
upon Abraham that which He hath
spoken of him."-^

^^ And the Lord said, " Because
the cry of Sodom and Oomorrah is
gi'cat, and because tluiir sin is very

grievous •/ ^^ I will go down now,
and see whether they have done alto-
gether according to the cry of it,
which is come unto me; and if not,
I will know."

^^And the men turned their faces
fi-om thence, and went toward Sodom :
but Abraham stood yet before the

LOHD.

^^And Abraham drew near, and
said, " Wilt Thou also destroy the
righteous with the wicked?'' ^^Per-
adventure there be tifty righteous
w ithin the city : wilt Thou also des-
troy and not spare the place for the
fifty righteous that are therein ?'
25 That be far from Thee to do after
this manner, to slay the righteous^
with the wicked : and that the righ-
teous should be as the wicked, that
be far from Thee : Shall not the
Judge of all the earth do riglit ?"'

2*^ And the Lord said, " If I find
in Sodom fifty righteous within the
city, then I will spare all the place
for their sakes.""*

2'' And Abraham answered and said,
" Behold now, I have taken upon me
to speak unto the Lord, which am
but dust and ashes :" '^^perad venture
there shall lack five of the fifty righ-
teous : wilt Thou destroy all the city
for lack of^xe?"

And He said, " If I find there
forty and five, I will not destroy it."

^■'And he spake unto Him yet
again, and said, "Perad venture there
shall be forty found there."

And He said, "I will not do it for
forty's sake."

2" And he said unto Ilin}., " Oh let
not the Lord be angry,'' and I will
speak : Peradventure there shall
thirty be found there."

And He said, " I will not do //, if
I find thirty there."

^^Arid he said, "Behold now, I
have taken upon me to speak unto
the Lord : Peradventure tliere shall
be twenty found there."

And He said, "I will not destroy
it for twenty's sake."^'

f) Ch. 13, 13. Ez.
16, 49.

;(Nu.l6,22. 2Sa.
24, 17.

i Run ye to and
fro through the
streets of .leru-
saleni, and... if
ye can find a
man. ..that exe-
cutetli judgment,
...I will pardon
it. Je. 5, 1.

fc... Behold, God
will not cast
away a perfect
man. ..Job 8, 20.

I lie is the Rock,
His work is per-
fect: for all His
ways are judg-
ment: a God of
truth and with-
out iniquity, ju.st
and right is He.
De. 32, 4. Job
8, 3, and 34, 23.
Ps. 58, 11.

m I sought for a
man among
them that should
make up the
hedge, and stand
in the gap be-
fore Mo for the
land, that 1
should nut des-
troy it : but I
found none.
Ez. 22, 30.

n... That dwell in
houses of clay,
whose founda-
tion is in the
dust, wliich are
cruslied before
the moth. Job
4, 19. Ec. 12, 7.

o Praying .always
with all pr.ajer
and supplication
...and watching
thereunto witli
all persever-
ance....Ep. 6, 18.
Lu. 18, 1.

p For thon. Lord,
art good it ready
to forgive, and
plent(M)us ill
mercy unto all
them that call
upon thee. I's.
86,5.

A.M. 3426. }

B.C. 2015. ;

GENESIS.

J GEN. 18, 8.
( 19, 17.

/) So Gideon. Ju.
(J, 3J>.

q Yo niT tlio salt
of tlur ciirtli.
Mat. 5. 13.

r ...(Two of the)
tliivp men. Ch.

IS, 2.

■ ...The stranger
(lid not lod^e in
the street; hut I
opened my doors
to the traveller.
Job 31, 32.

...The old man
snid, ' I'eace l)e
with thee;. ..let
all tliy wants he
upon nie ; only
lodge not in the
stn'et.' So lie
hrontiht him in-
to his lionse, and
Rave proveTider
unto the asses:
ami they washed
their feet, and
did eat >V: drink.
.Jn. IS), -.ll, 21.

( Sec Lu. 24, 28.

'-■ Ch. 18, G K.\.
12, 15, .'51). .In.
6, 19. 1 Sa. 2S,
24. 1 Co. 5, 8.

10 (The wicked)
sleep not except
they have dime
mischief.. .Pr. 4,
16.

X Is. 3, 9. .Tn. 19,
22. Ko. 1, 24,
27. JmleT.

;/ That rishteous
man dwelling
amoiijj tlieni, in
seeing and hear-
ing, vexed his
righteous sonl
from day to day
with their un-
lawful deeiLs.
2 Pe. 2, 8.

3- And he said, " Oli lot. not the
Lord be angry, and I will speak yet
but this once -p Peradventure ten shall
be found there."

And lie said, "I will not destroy
it for ten's sake."^

^'And the Lord went Ilis way, as
soon as lie had left coniinuning with
x\braham : and Abraham returned
unto his place.

YTV 1 A.M. 3426. B.C. 2015. Sodom. Too
-^-L-^-'J The overthrow of the Cities of the \_^0
Plain, aiul the tUliverance of Lot.

AND there came two'' angels to
Sodom at even ; and Lot sat in
the gate of Sodom : and Lot seeing
them rose up to meet them ;■' and he
bowed himself with his face toward
the gi'ound ; '^and he said, " IJehold
now, my lords, turn in, 1 pray you,
into your servant's house, and tarry
all night, and wash your feet, and ye
shall rise up early, and go on your
ways."'

And they said, " Nay ;" but we
will abide in the street all night."

■'And he pressed upon them greatly ;
and they turned in unto him, and en-
tered into liis house ; and he made
them a feast, and did bake unlea-
vened bread, and they did eat."

^liut before*" they lay down, the
men of the city, even the men of
Sodom, compassed the house round,
both old and young, all the people
from every quarter ■/ ''and they called
unto Lot, and said unto him, ''Where
are the men which came in to thee
this night? bring them out unto u.s,
that we may know them."

''And Lot went out at the door un-
to them, and shut the door after hiin,
"and said, "I pray you, brethren,
do not so wckedly.y ^Heboid now,
I have two daughters wliich have not
known man ; let me, I pray you,
bring them out unto you, and do ye
to them as is good in vour eves : onlv
unto these men do nothing ; for there-
fore came they under the shadow of
inv roof. '

•'And they said, "Stand back."
And they said again^ " This one
fellow came in to sojourn, and he
will needs be a judge : — now will we
deal worse with thee, than with
them."*

And they pressed sore upon tin;
man, even Lot, and came near to
break the door." ^'^'Ihit the men put
forth their hand, and pulled Lot into
the house to them, and sliut to the
door. "j\.nd they smote the men
that were at the door of the house
with blindness,'' botli small and great :
so that they wearied* themselves to
find the door.

^2 And the men said unto Lot,
" Hast thou here any besides 'P"^ son
in law, and thy sons, and thy daugh-
ters, and whatsoever thf)U hast in the
city, bring them out of this place :
^^for we will destroy this place, be-
cause tlie cry of them is waxen gi*eat
before the face of the Loiiu ; and the
Lord hath sent us to destroy it."

^*And Lot went out, and spake
unto his sons in law, which man*ied
his daughters, and said, " Up, get
you out of this place; for the Loud
will destroy this city."''

liut he seemed as one that mocked*
unto his sons in law.

^^And when the morning arose,
then the angels hastened Lot, saying,
" Arise, take thy wife, and thy two
daughters, which are here ;* lest thou
be consumed in the iniquitv^ of the
city."/

'•'And while he lingered, the men
laid hold upon his hand, and upon
the hand of his wife, and ujwn the
hand of his two daughters; the Lord
being merciful unto him :^ and they
brought him forth, and set him with-
out the city. *^ And it came to pass,
wlien thev had brought tliem forth
abroad, that be said, " Escape for
tliv life ; look'' not behind thee, nei-
ther stay thou in all the plain ; es-
cape to the mountain, lest thou be
I consumed."

z Who made tlicc
a prince and n

judge over us?
Kx. 2, 14.
lie that nlmk-
etll 11 wicked
man gctteth
himself a blot.
I'r. 9, 7.

n The fo.d rageth
and is confident.
I'r. 14, 10.

h 2 Ki. 6, 18.
Acts 13, 11.

5 (Ifence may hr.
infirred the in-
herent miperna-
turat power of
anyets.)

r ("The) spies

hrought out l!a-
hali, and liiT fa-
ther, and her
mother, and her
brethren, and all
that she had....
Jos. 6, 23.

rf...Delivcrcvery
man his soul :
he not cut off in
her (Babylon's)
inii|uity: for
thi.s is the time
of the Loril's
veugeancx;... Jc.
51, 6.

' It is not He, nei-
ther shall evil
come upon us:
neither shall we
see sword nor
famine. Je. 6,
12. ICz. 20, 49.

e Ileb., are found.

f Or, punishvirnt.

J Depart, I pray
vou, from the
tents of thes.'
wicked men, and
touch nothing of
theirs, lest ye
be consnuR'tl in
all their sins.
Nu. J 6, 26.

i) The I.onl thy
(iodisami'iriful
(iod. He will
not fiirsake thee,
neither destroy
thee.... Ue.4,31.

h No man, having
put his hand t«
the plough, and
looking luu-k, is
tit for the king-
dom of Ood.
\m. 9, 62.

GEN. 19, 18. }
21,9. i

GENESIS.

( A.M. 3427.
\ B.C. 2014.

...Tnist in tho
Lord with all
thine lioiirt, and
lean not unto
tliiimownundur-
standinj^. Pr. 3,
5.

)) Ilel)., thy /ace.

k Ex. 32, 10. De.
9, 14. Ma. 6, 5.

e That is, Little,
ve. 20.

c Ileh., rjoiie. forth.

K (The site of So-
dnm is nov> cover-
ed by the wnler.t
of the Derul Sea.
Ill the days of
Jo.iephns it sent
tip in many places
htack ma.sse^ of
nsplMltmn, and
this it does still.
Thehordersnfthe
lake ahr.uiid with
sulphur.)

I The whole land
thereof is liriiii-
stoni', and suit,
(t hurning, that
it is not sown,
nor bcareth. nor
any grass grow-
otli therein, like
the overthrow of
Sodom and Cio-
moiTuli, Admah
& Zehoim,which
the Lord ovcr-
tlirew in His
ani;('r,and inllis
wrath. l)c. 211,
2.3. 2 I'e. 2, (i.
.) udo 7.

»! ...Lot him not
retnrnl)ack...rc-
niemher Ijot's
wife. Lu. 17, 32.

n ( To know the
result, for thr
Lor<l)\\!iA said, I
will not destroy
it for ten's sake.
Ch. 18, 32.

o Re. 18. 9.

/) ...(Wliich) are
set forth for an
example... .Jude

^^ And Lot said unto them, " Oh,
not so, my Lord : ^^ Behold now, thy
servant hath found grace in thy sight,
and tliou hast magnified thy mercy,
which thou hast shewed unto me in
sa\'ing my life ; and I cannot escape
to the mountain, lest some evil take
me, and 1 die : "-^^ behold now, this
city is near to flee unto, and it is a
little one : Oh, let me escape thither,
[is it not a little one '?) and my soul
shall live."^

2^ And he said unto lum, " See, I
have accepted thee'' concerning this
thing also, that I will not overthrow
this city, for the which thou hast
spoken. ^^ Haste thee, escape thither;
for I cannot do any thing till thou be
come thither."^

Therefore the name of the city was
called Zoar.^ — ^^The sun was risen'
upon the earth when Lot entered into
Zoar.

^^Then the Lord rained upon So-
dom and upon GomoiTah brimstone
and fire from the Lord out of heaven ;
■'^and He overthrew those cities," and
all the plain, and all the inhabitants
of the cities, and that which grew
upon the ground.'

^^But his wife looked back from
behind him, and she became a pillar
of salt.™

^^And Abraham gat up early in
the morning to the place where he
stood before the Lord : '^ and he
looked" toward Sodom and Gomorrah,
and toward all the land of the plain,
and beheld, and, lo, the smoke of
the country went up as the smoke of
a furnace." ^''And it came to pass,
when God destroyed the cities of the
plain,P that God remembered Abra-
ham, and sent Lot out of tlie midst
of the overthrow, when He overthrew
the cities in the which Lot dwelt.

A.M. .3427. B.C. 2014. Mount Zoais.

The dtmyhlers of Lot, thinkiny that there was

no proper match left them in all the earth,

obtain children hy their father.

[.24

.30

AND Lot went up out of Zoar,

and dwelt in the mountain, and his
two daughters with him ; for he feared
to dwell in Zoar : and he dwelt in a
cave, he and his two daughters.

^^And the firstborn said unto the
younger, " Our father is old, and
there is not a man in the earth to
come in unto us after the manner of
all the earth :* ^^come, let us make
our father drink wine, and we will
lie Avith him, that we may preserve
seed of our father."

^^ And they made their father drink
wine'" that night : and the firstborn
went in, and lay with her father;
and he perceived not when she lay
down, nor when she arose.*

^^And it came to pass on the mor-
row, that the firstborn said unto the
younger, " Behold, I lay yesternight
with my father : let us make him
drink wine this night also ; and go
thou in, and lie with him, that we
may preserve seed of our father."*

^And they made their father dnnk
wine that night also : and the younger
arose, and lay with him ; and he per-
ceived not when she lay down, nor
when she arose. ^^Thus were both
the daughters of Lot with child by
their father." ^^And the firstborn
bare a son, and called his name
Moab -.^ the same is the fether of the
Moabites unto this day. ^And the
younger, she also bare a son, and
called his name Benammi : the same
is the father of the children of Am-
nion unto this day.*^

■yV 1 A.M. 3427. B.C. 2014. Gekah, r9K
A^.J (near Gaza.) L''''^

Abraham a second time denieth Sarah.

AND Abraham journeyed from
thence toward the south" coun-
try, and dAvelled between Kadesh'''
and Shur, and sojourned in Gerar.-^

'■^And Abraham said of Sarah his
wife, " She is my sister :"

And Abiinelech king of Gerar sent,
and tooky Sarah. ^But God came to
Abimelech in a dream by night,- and
said to him, " Behold, thou art but a

q If brethren

dwell together,
and one of them
die, and havt! no
child... .the wife
of the dead shall
not marry with-
out unto a stran-
ger : her hus-
band's brother
(or next kins-
man, Ce.. 38, 8, 9,
and Ru. 1, 12),
shall go in inito
her, & take lier
to liini to wife.
De. 25, 5.

;• AVine is a mock-
er, strong drink
is raging : and
whosoever is de-
ceived thereby
is not wise. Pr.
20, 1.

.s (It was the cus-
tom to keep wine
in caves in the
vicinity of cities,
and it is thought
that this was the
source ii)hencewa.s
ohtaint'd the wine
spoken of in the
text. Dathe.)

t Ec. 7, 2G.

H A justm.an fall-
eth seven times
& riseth up a-
gain ; but the
wicked shall fall
into mischief.
Pr.24, 16.

\ (That is, '/rom
a father.' Baum.
i. e., ' son of my
people;' to inti-
mate that he did
not spring from a
strange family.
Baum.)

p. (Under the name
of Shethites, these
two nations bore
a very prominent
part as the ene-
mies of Egypt
from the reign of
Sethos I. to Ha-
meses IV.)

yCh. 13, 1.

w Ch. 16, 7, 14.

X Ch. 2G, 6.

'I Ch. 12, 13, and

' 26, 7.

z In a dream, in
a vision of the
night,whendeep
sleep falleth up-
on men, in slum-
bcringsupon the
bed, then He
openeth the ears
ofmen,&sealeth
their instruction
Job 33, 15, 16.

A.M. 3428. \
B.C. 2013. )

GENESIS.

f OEN. 18, 18.
1 21, 9.

■ Hob., vwrriiil
to (III /iuhIhiiiiI.

I TlioiiKh (a good
iimii) fnll, ho
sliiill nut lio ut-
terly cast (Iciwn :
Icir till- l.nrd ii|>-
iKildctlihiniwith
His hand. I's.
37, 2-1.

f Or, simplicity,
or, siiictriti/.

b The intpfrrity
of the nprit,'ht
sliall Kiiidt-' them
Pr. 11, 3.

:. The just man
walkfth in his
integrity : his
childn'U are
Idcssed after
him. I'r. 20, 7.

/Touch not Mine
anointed, and du
.M V proplict-s no
harm. 1 Ch. 16,
22.

...All the men
tliat appertained

until korah

went diiwn alive

into the pit

Nu. 16, 32, 33.

/ Whoso cau!;cth
the righteous t<i
go astray in an
evil way, he
shall fall him-
self into his own
pit. I'r. 28, 10.
Ch. 3S, 24, and
39, 9. Le. 20,
10. 2 Sa. 12, 5,
10, 11.

(/ By mercy and
truth ini<iuity is
purged : and by
the fear of the
Lord men de-
part from evil.
Pr. 16, 6. Cb.
12, 12, and 26, 7.

(k'Jid man, for tlio woman Avhlch thou
hast taken ; for Aw, is a man's wife.""

^ But Abinielech had not come near
her: and he said, "Lord, wilt thou
shiy also a righteous nation?" ^Said
he not unto me, ' She is my sister V
and she, even she herself said, ' He
is my brother :' in the integrity^ of
my lioart ami innocency of my hands
have 1 done this.'''

''And (iod said unto him in a
dream, " Yea, I know that thou didst
this in the integrity of thy heart •,'^
for I also withheld thee from sinning
against me : therefore suft'ered 1 thee
not to touch her. ^Now therefore
restore'' the man his w'ife ; for he is a
prophet, and he shall pray for thee,
and thou shalt live : and if thou re-
store her not, know thou that thou
shalt surely die, thou, and all that
are thine."'

^Therefore Abinielech rose early
in the morning, and called all his
servants, and told all tliesc things in
their ears : and the men were sore
afraid.

^Then Abimolech called Abraham
and said unto liiin, " What hast thou
done unto us ? and what have I of-
fended thee, that thou hast brought on
me and on my kingdom a great sin ?
thou hast done deeds unto me that
ought not to be done."/ ^"^ And Abi-
nielech said unto Abraham, "What
sawcst thou, that thou hast done this
thing?"

"And Abraham said, " Because I
thought,'' Surely the fear of (iod is
not in this place ; and they will slay
me for my wife's sake. ^"-And yet
indeed she is my sister ; she is the
daughter of my father, but not the
daughter of my mother ; and she be-
came my wife. ^^And it came to
pass, when God caused me to wander
from my father's house, that 1 said
unto her, * This is thy kindness which
thou shalt shew unto me ; at every
place whither wo shall come, say of
me. He is my brother.' "

^''And Abinielech took sheep and
oxen, and menservants, and women-
servants, and gave/' them unto Al)ra-
ham, and restored him Sarah bis wife.
'^And Abinielech said, " Mehold, my
land is before thee : dwell where it
pleaseth thee."° ^^And unto .Sarah
he said, " Behold, I have given thy
brother a thousand ;j/eces of silver:''
behold, he /*• to thee a covering of the
eyes,P unto all that are with tliee,^ and
with all other •""

Thus she was reproved.*

^^ So Abraham prayed unto (Jod :
and God healed Abinielech, and his
wife, and his maidservants ; and they
bare children. ^- For the Lord had
fast closed up all the wombs of the
house of Abimclech, because of Sa-
rah Abraham's wife.

^YJ 1 A.M. 3428. B.C.2013. BEF.H-snEnA. \C\C\
-^^-'^-'••J The birth of Isaac, and the fjcpiU- \J^^
sion of Hagar and Ishmad.

AND the Lord visited* Sarah as
He had said, and the Loud did
unto Sarah as He had spoken. "'^For
Sarah conceived, and bare Abraham
a son in his old age, at the set time
of which God had spoken to him.'

^And Abraham called the name of
his son that was born unto him, whom
Sarah bare to him, Isaac. ^ And
Abraham circumcised his son Isaac
being eight days old, as God had
commanded him."' ^And Abraham
was an hundred years old, when his
son Isaiic was born unto him.

^And Sarah said, "God hath made
me to laugh, so that all that hear will
laugh with me." ^And she said,
" ^^'ho would have said unto Abra-
ham, that Sarah shoidd have given
children suck ? for I have born him
a son in his old age."

^And the child grew, and was
weaned:'' and Abraham made a great
feast the same day that Isaac was
W'Baned.

^And Sarah saw the son of Hagar
the Egyptian, which .she had born

h Ch. 12, 16.

o I lei)., <w it gootl
in thine eye»,

IT (I have given
a thousand pieces
of silver to till/
brother, with

irhich thou rnay-
rst buy a vi il Jur
thy countenance,
that leheii all who
are with thee, as
well as others, see
thee, they may
know thee to be a
married woman.
Dathe.)

p (Let this he to
thee a coi'ering to
the eyes. To co-
ver the eyes of
any one wot to
njiprase him with
gifts. Maurer.)

i (As to all things
with thee and with
all, i. e., as re-
gards all things,
— irhich hace
happened to thee
and thine.)

(T (And thus shall
satisfaction be
rindrred to thee.
Maurer.)

t A.s an earring
of gold and an
ornament of fine
pcild, so ii>a wi.sc
repruver upon
an olH'dient ear.
Pr. 25, 12, and
27,5.

k 1 .Sa. 2, 21.

/ The Lord said,
I will certainly
return unto thee
according to the
time of life, and
lo. Sarah thy
wife Khali have
a sun. Ch. 18,
10.

m What thing so-
ever 1 comnianii
VI in, observe to
il.iif : thiin .shalt
nut add theii-to,
niir din\inisli
from it. Ue. 12,
32.

T (The people in
oriental countries
suckle their chil-
dren mucJi longer
than is custumary
in Kiirope. .'vr
1 Sam. I, 22, 24.
Alxiut three years
is said to lie the
usual time in I'lr-
sia, India, dc.
Corap. 2Ch. 81,
16.)

GEN. 21,9. I
22, 23. 1

GENESIS.

J A.M. 3428.
( B.C. 2013.

a Islimael. Cb.
Ifi, 3, 6. 15.
KviMi a child is
kiuiwn by his
doiiif^, whether
hiswdrkbepure,
and whether it
be right. Pr.
20, 11.

() ...lie that was
born after the
flesh persecuted
him that was
Ixirn after the
spirit. Ga. 4, 29.

P ... My counsel
shiill stand, and
I will do all My
pleasure. ..Is. 40,
10.

a My covenant
will I establish
with Isaac. C'h.
17, 21.

KThat is).. .the
children of the
promise are
counted for the
seed. Ro. 9, 8.
Ver. IS. Ch. 16,
10, and 17, 20.

a (T?ie provisions
which were ne-
cessary for her
and Ishmatl.)

/3 (A kid's skin
contairiiiiy water
sufficient to last
th'-m till they
should come to
the next well.)

y (Hagar missed
the well which it
i.s liki hjA hraham
had particularly
sjiecijied,
Clarke.)

S (To screen him
front theintetisity
of the heat : Isli-
mael, though at
this time about 17
vms less alle to
bear fatigue than
his mother v;lw
ivas of mature
age. Clarke.)

e (Fatigue and
thirst under the
unmitigated rays
of a vertical su7t
had completely
exhausted his
strength.)

^ (Tie adopted the
life and character
of the Bedouin
Arabs. For a
graphic portrait
of their vianners
see the Arabian
romance, Antar.)

r) (Perhaps the
Wady Ftiran, if.
the neighbour-
hood of Sinai.)

unto Abraham, mocking." ^'^Where-
fore she said unto Abraham, " Cast
out this boiulwoman and her son :
for the son of this bondwoman shall
not be heir with my son, even with
Isaac.""

^^ And the thing was very ginevous
in Abraham's sight because of his
son.

^-And God said unto Abraham,
" Let it not be grievous^^ in thy sight
because of the lad, and because of
tliy bondwoman ; in all that Sarah
hath said unto thee, hearken unto
her voice ; for in Isaac" shall thy
seed be called. ^^And also of the
son of the bondwoman Avill I make a
nation, because he is thy seed."*

^^And Abraham rose up early in
the morning, and took bread," and
a bottle^ of water, and gave it unto
Hagar, putting it on her shoulder,
and the child, and sent her away :
and she departed, and wanderedv in
the wilderness of IJeer-sheba. ^^ And
the water was spent in the bottle,
and she cast the child under one of
the shrubs.* ^''And she went, and
sat her down over against him a good
Avay off, as it were a bow- shot : for
she said, " Let me not see the death
of the child."

And she sat over against /i/m, and
lift up her voice, and wept.^

^^And God heard the voice of the
lad ; and the Angel of God called to
Hagar out of heaven, and said unto
her, "What aileth thee, Hagar?
fear not ; for God hath heard the
voice of the lad where he is. ^^ Arise,
lift up the lad, and hold him in thine
hand ; for I will make him a great
nation."

^^And God opened her eyes, and
she saw a well of water ; and she
went, and filled tlie bottle with water,
and gave the lad drink. -^And God
was with the lad ; and he grew, and
dwelt in the wilderness, and became
an archer.^ ^^And he dwelt in tlie
wilderness of Paran -^ and his mother

took him a wife out of the land of
Egypt.^

A.M. 3428. B.C. 2013. Beer-sheba.

Abimelech's covenant with Abraham.

[27

^- AND it came to pass at that time,
that Abimelech'^ and Phichol the chief
captain of his host spake unto Abra-
ham, saying, " God is with thee in
all that thou doest : ^•^now therefore
swear unto me here by God that' thou
wilt not deal falsely with me, nor
with my son, nor with my son's son :'^
hut according to the kindness that I
have done unto thee, thou shalt do
unto me, and to the land wherein
thou hast sojourned."

^^And Abraham said, "I will
swear. "^

^'^And Abraham reproved/ Abi-
melech because of a well of water,
which Abimelech's servants had vio-
lently taken away.

2"^ And Abimelech said, "I wot
not who hath done this thing : neither
didst thou tell me, neither yet heard
I of it, but to day.";?

^'^And Abraham took sheep and
oxen, and gave them unto Abime-
lech ; and both of them made a cove-
nant.''

2^ And Abraham set seven ewe
lambs of the flock by themselves.

'"^^And Abimelech said unto Abra-
ham, " Wliat mean these seven ewe
lambs which thou hast set by them-
selves ?"

^^And he said, "For these &Q\en
ewe lambs shalt thou take of my
hand, that they may be a witness'
unto me, that I have digged this
well."

^^ Wherefore he called that place
Beer-sheba;" because there they sware
botli of them. ^^Thus they made a
covenant at Beer-sheba :^ then Abi-
melech rose up, and J*hichol the chief
cai)tain of his host, and they returned
into the land of the l^hilistines.

2^ And Ah-aham planted a grove''
in Beer-sheba, and called" there on
the name of the Loud, the everlast-

0 (Hark, — she a-
voiiled the inhabi-
tants ofCanaan.)

: Ch. 20, 2, and
20, 20.

I Ileb., // thou
sludt lie unto me.

d Swear now,
therefore, unto
me by the Loi-d,
that thou wilt
not cut oft" my
seed after me,
and that thou
wilt not destroy
my name out of
my father's
house. 1 Sa. 24,
21.

e ...An oath for
confirmation is
to (men) an end
of all strife. He.
0, 10. Ex. 22, 11.

/ Debate thy
cause with thy
neighbour him-
self... Pr. 25, 9.

g A reproof en-
tereth more into
a wise man than
an hundred
stripes into a
fool...l'r. 17, 10.

/( 1 Sa. 18, 3.

i Ch. 31, 48, 52.

K That is, the well
of the oath.

A (A toion of some
consequence af-
terwards rose on
the spot and re-
tained the same
name. It was the
southernmost city
of the land, and
its name is of
frequent occur-
rence. Its pre-
sen t A rabic name,
IHr-cs-Seba,
means "well of
the seven")

jx Or, tree (an oak,
agreeably to the
usages of the pa-
triarchal times).

V f Kather,i«uo/«c/
in the name.
Shuckford.)

A.M. 3463. 1
B.C. 1988. ;

GENESIS.

S GEN. 21, 0.
I 22, 23.

k I!y faith ho si>-
jiHiriird ill thr
1. 1111(1 uf I'ruiiiiso
as ill a strnii);e
cnmitry, <hvcll-
iii^ ill taluTMii-
d.s...llf. 11, n.

o C' J''nUh's likf a
Inrrfi, the more
it's shook it
shines.")

nUih..D,hol,lme.

/ By faith, Ahra-
liaiii, wlicii hi>
was trii'd, ..ffcr-
til up Isaac, ami
hi" that liail n-
coivL'd tlio iiri)-
iiiiscs (iflVroil lip
his only bofjot-
tcnS.Mi. Ho. 11,
17. ICo. 10, 13.
.la. 1, 12. 1 I'o.
1, 7.

VI -III. 11, .SI, X).
2Ki. 3,27. -Mi.
G, 7.

n Is. 26, 3.

p ( Therenre truiny
throo (lay.s men-
tioned in the holy
Scriptures, of
whiih one is the
resurrection of
the Messiah. He-
roshitli Kahba.)
.Joiiali 1, 17.
1 Co. 15, 4.

V (Isnac tens at
this tinie25!/ears
of aye. Jose-
Jihiis.)

o Ho bearing His
cross wont forth.
J no. 19, 17.

T (With the im-
perfect igniting
apparatus which
the Orientals em-
ploy, it is not
exisy to make a
fire when needed.
Pic. Bib.)

p Accounting

that (Ind was a-
ble to raiso liini
up.ovon from tlio

dead He. 11,

19.

V Heb., Behold me.

<ft Or, kid. Ch. 4,
4, and 8, 20.

q n.liold the
Lanih of God.
J no. 1, 2t».

X ( jTA is h istory re-
ceives a striking
confirmation
from the remem-
brance of it in
trhat Sanchonia-
tho mentions con-
cerning Kronos,
that, in a season
of peril, he sacri-
ficed his only son.)

\\\\^ God. ^^Aiid AbraliJini SDJounicd
ill the l'liilistiin.'.s' laud niaiiy days.^'

VYJT 1 A.M. .S4iV). n.r. 1988. f.) C

-^-'^-'■••••J MorxT .MoKLVii (2 Ch. iii. 1). L^"^
The offering up of Isaac. The
descendants c^/' yuhor.

AND it came to pass after these
tilings, that (Jod did tempt"' A-
brahain, and said unto him, " Abra-
ham :"

And he said, "Behold, Iiet'e I am J-'"
'^And He said, "Take now thy
st)ii, thine only son Isaac, whom thou
lovest, and get thee into the land of
Moriah ; and otter' him there for a
burnt ott'ering u])on one of the moun-
tains whieh 1 will tell thee of,""'

''And Abraham rose up early in
the morning, and saddled his ass,
and took two of his young men with
him, and Isaac his son, and clave
the wood for the bm'nt ottering, and
rose up,, and went unto the place of
which Ciod had told him." ^Tlien on
the thirdP day Abraham lifted up his
eyes, and saw the place afar otf.

^ And Abraham said unto his young
men, " Abide ye here with the ass;
and I and the lad^ will go yonder and
worship, and come again to you."

''And Abraham took the wood of
the burnt ottering, and laid it upon
Isaac his son ;" and he took the fire''
in his hand, and a knife ; and they
went both of them together.^

'^And Isaac spake unto Abraham
his father, and said, " My father :"

And he said, " Here awi" I, my
son.

And he said, " Behold the fire and
the wood : but Avhere is the lamb"^ for
a burnt ottering?"

*^And Abraliam said, " My son,
God will provide himself a lamb for
a burnt ottering i"i

So they went both of them toge-
i\\ev.^ ^And they came to the place
which God had told him of; and A-
braham built an altar there, and laid
the wood in order, and bound Isaac
his son, and laid him on the altar

upon the wood.'' ^*'And Abraham
stretclicd forth his hand, and took
tlie kiilt'e to slay his son,

^^And the Angel of the Loud
called unto him out of heaven, and
said, "Abraham, Abraham:'

And he said, " Here am I."

^^And He said, " Lay not thine
hand upon the lad, neither do thou
any thing unto him : for now I know
that thou fearest CJod, seeing thou
hast not withheld thy son, thine only
son from Me."?

^"'And Abraham lifted up his eyes,
and looked, and beliold behind him
a ram caught in a thicket by his
horns •.'^ and Abraham went and took
the ram, and ottered him up for a
burnt ottering in the stead* of his son.
^^And Abraham called the name of
that place Jehovah -jireh -fi as it is
said to this day, ' In the mount of
the Loud it shall be seen.'

^'"•And the Angel*" of the Lord
called unto Abraham out of heaven
the second time, ^^and said, " Bv
Myself* have I swora, saith the Lord,
for because thou hast done this thing,
and hast not withheld thy son, thine
only son : ^^ that in blessing I will
bless thee, and in multiplying I will
multiply thy seed as the stars of the
heaven, and as the sand which is
upon the sea shore ;> and thy seed
shall possess the gate of his enemies ;
*'^and in thy seed shall all tlie na-
tions of the earth be blessed ;' because
thou hast obeyed My voice."

^^So Abraham returned unto his
young men, and they rose up and
went together to Bcer-sheba ; and
Abraham dwelt at Beer-sheba.

'■^And it came to pass after these
things, that it was told Abraham,
saying, "Behold, Mllcah, she hatii
also bom children unto thy brother
Nahor;* ^^lluz." his firstborn, and
Buz his brother, and Kemuel the fa-
ther of Aram,^ '-'-'and (liesed, and
Ifazo, and I'ildash, and .Fidlaph. and
Bethuel. ^^And Bethuel berat Ke-

/) Kp. 6, 2.

</ Was not Abra-
ham our fatlicr
juslilird by
Works, wlioii ho
had offonil Isaac
his son upon the
altar? Ja. 2, 21.

u ( Ilo.ienmilller,
after Aberlianel,
translates thus,
"Jnd behold a
ram (feeding), it
aflei inirds (he
sair it) caught in
the entanglement
of a thicket hy
his horns.)

a (The animal lie-
tint i« substituted
in place of the
first-born. This
is more clearly
developed aftrr-
wards. Sec Ex
1.3, 2, and 22, 29
1 Sa. 15, 22.;

/3 (That is, th>
Lord icill see, or
provide. Perluips
spoken propheti-
cally, "on this
mount the Lord
fhall be seen,"
2Ch. .1, 1.
Clarke.)

r Vor. II, 12. Ch.
Ifi, 7, 9, 10, and
21, 17.

.« ...Because He
could Kwoar by
no irroator. Ho
swaro bv Him-
self... He'. 6, 13.

y Heb., lip.

t Christ hath re-
doeniod us from
the cnmo of the
law, being made
a curse for us
...that tlio bless-
ing of Abraham
might come on
the (iontilos...
thmiigh faith...
Ga. 3, 1,3, 14.

j (Xahor rspouged
Milcah his niece,
daughter of his
eldest brother
Ilarnn. He did
not quit I'r when
the rest of the
family did, but
.irems to have
done to after-
wards. VU. U,
31; 27,43; and
29, 6.)

c Job 1, 1.

f Nu.2.3, 7.
60, tiUo.

Ps.

GEN. 22, 23. 1
24, 24.J

GENESIS.

f A.M. 34S5.
t B.C. 1976.

T) Ch. 24, 15, 24,
and 28, 2, 5;
47 ; and 25, 20 ;
called, Ro. 9, 10,
Kebecca.

u Ch. 17, 17.

6 (The city nf Ar-
'la^... which Ar-
ba was a great
man anions tlic
Auakims.....Jos.
14, 15. Ch. 13,
18. Ju. 1, 10.

(Abraham had
probably several
])laces nf tempo-
rary resuknce, d.
particularly one
at Beer-sheJba,and
another at He-
bron, about 24
miles apart.
Clarke.)

y Canaan befjat
.■^idon liis first-
boni, and Hcth.
Ch. 10, 15.

c But a few

men in number;
yea, very few &
strangers in (the
land). I's. 105,
12.

•: ...He gave him
none inherit-
ance in it, no,
not so n\uch as
to set liis foot
on. ..Ac. 7, 5.

K Heb., a prince
of God. Ch. 13,
2; 14, 14; and
24, 35.

,'y ...A man tliat
hath fricniis
must shew him-
self friendly....
Pr. 18, 24. Ko.
12, 17, 18. Ue.
12, 14.

KWeh.jfullmcmey.

z Just balances,
just weights, a
just cphali, and
a just bin, shall
ye liiivc : 1 am
the Lord your
God. Le. 19,36.
Pr. 20, 14.

/u. (" Was sitting,"
ajyparently not
personally known
to Abraham.
Clarke. Others,
" dwelt.")

v Heb., ears.

f (The elders and
mayistrate.s, to
whose presence d:
concurrence the
historian gives
particular pro-
minence. Haver-
nick.) Ch. 34,
20,24. Ku.4, 4.

bekah :'' these eight Milcah did bear
to Nahor, Abraham '.s brother. '^*And
his concubine, whose name icas Reu-
mah, slie bare also Tebah, and Ga-
ham, and Thahash, and Maachah."

XXIII.] „

A.M. 3465. B.C. 1976. r.;)Q

F.BROS (or KinJATH-ARn.\). |_~'«^
Abraham obtains by purchase a
part of the Promised Land as a

place of burial for Sarah.

ND Sarah was an hundred and
seven and twenty years old :
these loere the years of the life of
Sarah." ^ And Sarah died in Kirjatli-
arba;* the same is Hebron in the land
of Canaan : and Abraham came to
mourn for Sarah, and to weep for
her.'

^And Abraham stood up fi'om be-
fore his dead, and spake unto the
sons of Heth,'' saying, ""'I am a stran-
ger'" and a sojourner with you : give
me a possession^ of a buryingplace
with you, that I may bury ray dead
out of my sight."

^And the children of Heth an-
swered Abraham, saying unto him,
^ " Hear us, my lord : thou art a
mighty'' prince among us : in the
choice of our sepulchres bury thy
dead ; none of us shall withhold from
thee his sepulchre, but that thou
mayest bury thy dead."

^And Abraham stood up, and
bowed^ himself to the people of the
land, even to the children of Heth.
**And he communed witli them, say-
ing, " If it be your mind that I should
bury my dead out of my sight ; hear
me, and intrcat for me to Ephron the
son of Zohar, ^ that he may give me
the cave of Machpelah, which he hath,
which is in the end of his field ; for
as much money^ as it is worth^ he
shall give it me for a possession of a
]jurying])lace amongst you."

^•^And Ephron dweltA' among tlie
children of Heth : and J%phron tlie
Hittite answered Abraham in the
audience" of the children of Hetli,
even of all that went in at the gate^
of his city, saying, ^^"Nay, my

lord, hear me : the field give I thee,
and the cave that is therein, I gi\-e
it thee ;" in the presence of the sons
of my people give I it thee : bury
thy dead."°

^^ And Abraham bowed down him-
self before the people of the land,
^■'and he spake unto Ephron in the au-
dience of the people of the land, say-
ing, " But if thou wilt give it., I pray
thee hear me : I will give thee moncy'^
for the field ; take it of me, and I
will bury my dead there."

^^ And Ephron answered Abraham,
saying imto him, ^^"My lord, heark-
en unto me : the land is tvorth four
hundred shekelsP of silver ; Avhat is
that betwixt me and thee ? bmy
therefore thy dead."

^^And Abraham hearkened unto
Ephron,'' and Abraham weighed to
Ephron the silver, which he had
named in the audience of the sons of
Heth, four hundred shekels of silver,
cuiTent money with the merchant.
^'^And the field^ of Ephron, which
was in Machpelah, <^ which lo'as before
Mamre, the field, and the cave whicli
was therein, and all the trees that were
in the field, that ivere in all the borders
round about, were made sm'e ^^unto
Abraham for a possession in the pre-
sence of the children of Heth, before
all that went in at the gate of his
city.'^

^^And after this, Abraham bmncd
Sarah his wife in the cave'^ of the
field of Machpelah before Mamre :
the same is Hebron in the land of
Canaan. ^"^And the field, and the
cave that is therein, were made sure
unto Abraham for a possession of a
buryingplace by the sons of Heth.

VVyv 1 A.M. 3468. B.C. 1973. H Aran. To A
■^»-^-'- ' -J (in tlie N.w. of Mesopotamia). [_"^
Abraham setuls to his own kind-
red/or a wife to Isaac.

AND Abraham was old, and well
stricken" in age : and the Lord
had blessed Abraham in all things.*
'''And Abraham said unto his eld-
est/ servant of his house, that ruled

a2Sa. 24,21— 24.

0 (This is exqui-
sitely oriental.
Hut Abraham
perfectly under-
stands Ephron^s
2>arade of his
readiness to give
it. Kitto.)

77 (This account
sheivsiin intimate
acquiiiiditneewith
tJf circum.stances
of theVanaanites,
the trade enrriid
on by irhuni had
led to the dixHse
of biirter and the
employment of
silver. llaver-
nick.)

p The shekel is
twenty gerahs.
Ex. .30, 13. Nu.
3, 47. Eze. 45,
12. (The value
of the sacred she-
kel was about
2s. id. This per-
haps was the be-
kah or common
shekel.)

b ...I (Jeremiah)
bouglit the field
of Hanameel
my uncle's son,
....and weighed
him the money,
even seventeen
shekels of silver.
And I subscrib-
ed the evidence,
and sealed it, &
took witnesses,
& weighed him
the money in tlie
balances. Je.
32, 9, 10.

s (It should be ob-
served that Abra-
ham unshed to
purchase the cave
only, but Kjihron,
in a politely in-
direct manner,
intimates that the
field must be pur-
chased with it.
Kitto.)

c Ch. 25, 9; 49,
30—32; and 50,
1.3. Ac. 7, 16.

d Je. .32, 12.

T (This cave is
now in the pos-
session oft he Mo-
hammedans, and
■is shevm occasi-
onally to visitors.
In the Jewish
version of tlie Bi-
ble by De Sola &
others, there is a
long and interest-
ing account of this
cave, p. 134.)

V Heb., gone into
(la i/s.

e Pr. 10, 22. Ps.
112, 3.

f Ver. 10.

A.M. 3468. 1
B.C. 1973. i

GENESIS.

( 0£N. 22, 23.
i 24,24.

<!> (In sectione
eirciimcisiouis
nu'ip, t/in part
that Imre thesiijn
of (I'od's rnvf-
uiint. Clarke.)
Ch. 47,^1. U'hr.
i?.), 2 1 niiir. La.
6,6.

ffCh. 14,2-2. no.
6, 13. Jos. 2,
12.

A Neither shalt
flidU make iniir-
riap'switli tliein

Icir they will

turn away thy
son from follow-
iiifiMe, that they
iiiav serve other
Bods. De.7,3,4.

i I'r. 13, 16.

/: fUr) on tlie
other side of the
river (Kuidira-
tes, when-J they
sen'ed other
gods. <Ios. 24, 2.

/ lie. 11, 15.

Ill Ch. 12, 1.

n The AnRcl

of II is presence.
Is. («, 9. Ex.
2:1, 20, and 33, 2.
M:il.3, I.

o Xn. .'50, 5, 8.
Jos. 2, 17, 20.

X (Oaths ore not
to If taken light-
ly, hut do not .irem
to bf. cnndemiieil
in Scripture.
Kx. 20, 7. Mat.
23, !«. Ja.5, 12.)

yf, Or, and.

1) (Ifnran. wh/n
Sdhor coiitinufd
tiirrsidt. CI1.27,
43.)

a (Kneeling being
thr posture in
whirh camels al-
wa ijs repo.-te.
\'\e Bib.)
12, 10.

/5 (Among th-'
Arabs and other
nomniles, <t also
in many parLi of
India, it is the
exclusive employ-
ment of the wo-
men, without di.i-
tinctlon of rank.
Tic. Bib.)

y II eh., thai wo-
men which draw
water go forth.

P Pr. 3, 6, 6. Ne.
1, 11.

q Ex. 2, 16. Ch.
29, 9.

Pr.

over all that lio had, " Put, T pray
thee, thy hand under my tliigh -."^
"•and I will make thee swear^ hy the
Loup, the (Jod of heaven, and the
Ciod of the earth, that thou .shalt not
take a wife unto my son of the daugh-
ters of the C'anaanites,'' among whom
I dwell : ■^hut thou shalt go unto my
country, and to my kindred, and take
a wife unto my son Isaac."

''iVnd the servant said unto him,
" IVradventure' the woman will not
he willing to follow me unto this
land : must I needs hring thy son
again unto the land from whence^'
thou camest ?"

•'And Abraham said unto him,
" Beware' thou that thou bring not
my son thither again. ^The Lord
God of heaven, which took'" me from
my father's lumse, and from the land
of my kindred, and wliich spake unto
me, and that sware unto me, say-
ing, ' Unto thy seed will I give this
land ;' He shall send His Angel" be-
fore thee, and thou shalt take a wife
unto my son from thence. '^And if
the woman will not be willing to fol-
low thee, then thou shalt be clear"
from this my oath : only bring not
my son thither again."

''And the servant put his hand
under the thigh of Abraham his mas-
ter, and sware^ to him concerning
that matter.

^^ And the servant took ten camels
of the camels of his master, and de-
parted; for'^ all the goods f»f his mas-
ter u'ere in his hand : and he arose,
and went to Mesopotamia, unto the
city*^ of Nahor. ^'And he made his
camels to kneel* down without the
city by a well of water at the time of
the evening, even the time that wo-
men^ go out to drawY icater.

^2 And he said, "0 Loud Ciod of
my master Abraham, I pray^ Thee,
send me good speed this day, and
shew kindness unto my master Abra-
ham, ^^liehold, I stand //ere by the
well of water ; and the daughters'? of

the men of the city come out to draw
water : ^'and let it come to pass, that
the damsel to whom I shall say, 'Let
down thy pitcher, I pray thee, that
1 may drink ;' and she shall say,
' Drink, and I will give thy camels
drink also ;' let the same be she that
Thou hast appointed* for Thy servant
Isaac; and thereby shall I know that
Thou hast shewed kindness unto my
master."'"

^'^And it came to pass, before* he
had done speaking, that, behold, Re-
bekah came out, who was born to
liethuel, son of Milcah,' the wife of
Nahor, Abraham's brother, with her
pitcher* upon her shoulder. ^"^And
the damsel was very fair^ to look
upon, a virgin, neither had any man
known her : and she went down to
the well, and filled her pitcher, and
came up.

^'' And the servant i-an to meet her,
and said, " Let me, I pray thee,
drink a little water of thy pitcher."''

**^ And she said, " Drink, my lord:"

And she hasted, and let down her
pitcher upon her hand, and gave him
drink.^ ^'■'And when she had done
giving him drink, she said, " I will
draw water for thy camels also, until
they have done drinking.""

'^'^And she hasted, and emptied her
pitcher into the trough, and ran again
unto the well to draw icater., and
drew for all his camels.

^•Andtheman wondering at her
held his peace, to wit whether the
Lord had made his journey pros-
perous or not." ^'-^And it came to
pass, as the camels had done drink-
ing, that the man took a golden ear-
ring' of liall^ a shekel weight, and
two bracelets for her hands of ten'^
shekels weight of gold; -'and said,
" Whose daughter art thou':* tell me,
I pray thee : is there room in thy
father's house for us to lodge in?"

'■^^ And she said imto him, " I am
the daughter of Hethuel the son of
Milcah, which she bare unto Nahor."

i (In all things
the assistance it
Messing of (Jod
are necessary,
even where hu-
man strength and
wisdom have the
fullest and freest
cmtrse of action.
Clarke.)

r See Jn. 6, 17,
.37. 1 Sa. 0, 7;
14,10; and 20, 7.

s I'H. 34, lb.

I Ch. 11, 29, and
22, 23.

e (The same word
Kad is used to
describe the ves-
sel in which Gi-
deon's soldiers
concealed their
torches. Pic.
Bib.)

f Heb., good of
countenance.

>j (It is not likely
that Abraham's
servant travelM
v:ithout a lea-
thern bucket to
draw icater; it
is therefore pro-
bable that he al>-
stained from ei-
ther drinking or
watering his ctt-
Tnrls until he had
obtained perviis
sion. Pic. Bib.)

6 (Contrast with
this the conduit
of the woman of
•Samaria, Jno. 4,
7, 9. Among the
Bedouins, the wo-
men, when they
are at t)ir wells
in the erening,(ire
generallyobliging
to travellers, and
ready to supply
such water as
they may require
for themselves or
their beasts. Pic.
Bib.)
u I'r. 31, 26.

" Ve. 12, 56. Ps.
34, 4.

I Or, jewel for the
forehead. Is. ,9,
19. Eze. 16, 12.
(Some Koordish
and lieJouin fr-
maUs wear a thin
circular plate of
gold, in the centr.
of whifh a tur-
quoise is often
set, over the pin
by which the or-
nament is attach-
ed to the. side of
the note. Pic.
Bib.)

K ((Quarter of an
ounce.)

A (Five ounces.)

GEN. 24, 25. 7
25,7. J

GENESIS.

j A.M. 3468.
( B.C. 1973.

" Ve. 52. Ex. 4,
31. '2Cli. 20, 18,
and 2a, 30. Ne.
8,6.

X Commit thy
way (roll thy vny
upon) iiTito the
Lord ; trust also
in Him, iiiid Ik'
sliall bring it to
pass. Ps. 37, 5.

fi (The insignifi-
cance of Bethuel
in the v/iole of
this transaction,
ve. 29, 55, thouyh
he was living,
see ve. 50, is re-
markable.)

11 A gift is as a
jirocioiis stono in
tlio eyos (if liini
tliat ' hatli it:
wliitlior.siK'Vcrit
tnnu'th it pros-
porctli. I'r. 17, 8.

V (Cattle continue
at the present
(lay in the East
to he fed vnth
chopped stray}
mixed tvith bar-
ley. "Provender"
was a mixture of
several kinds of
fodder; cut straw,
barley, htans,<S:c.,
so combined as to
render it palata-
ble. I'ic. Bib.;

z Seest tlion .a
man dilifjcnt in
liis business y lie
shall stand be-
f<ir(j Ivin^'s ; hn
shall not stand
before mean
men. I'r. 22, 2!J.

n Hy humility &
the fear of' the
Lord are riehes,
and lionour, and
life. I'r. 22, 4.

h Abraham was
anhnndred years
old, when his son
Isaac was burn
unto him. Ch.
21, 5. (And Sa-
rah was ninety.
Cli. 17, 17.)

'^ She said moreover unto him, " AYc
have both straw and provender enough,
and room to lodge in."

^•^ And the man bowed'" down his
head, and worshipped the Loud.
'^'^Aud he said, "Blessed he the
Lord God of my master Abraham,
Who hath not left destitute my mas-
ter of His mercy and His truth : I
hcing in the Avay, the Loud led-^ me
to the house of my master's brethren."

-'^And the damsel ran, and told
them of her mother's'^ house these
things.

^ And Rebekah had a brother,
and his name loas Laban : and Laban
ran out unto the man, unto the well.
•^^And it came to pass, when he saw
the earring and bracelets upon his
sister's hands, and when he heard
the words of Rebekah his sister, say-
ing, "Thus spake the man unto me;"
that he came unto the man ; and,
behold, he stood by the camels at
the well. ^^And he said, "Come in,
thou blessed of the Lord ; wherefore
standest thou Avithout?^ for I have
prepared the house, and room for
the camels."

^^ And the man came into the
house : and he ungirded his camels,
and gave straw and provender" for
the camels, and water to wash his
feet, and the men's feet that were
with him. ^•'^And there was set yneat
before him to eat : but he said, " I
will not eat, until I have told mine
errand."^

And he said, " Speak on."
^'*And he said, " I am Abraham's
servant. ^^And the Lord liath blessed
my master gi*eatly ; and he is become
great :"■ and he hath given him flocks,
and herds, and silver, and gold, and
nienservants, and maidservants, and
camels, and asses. '^"And Sarah
my master's wife bare a son to my
master when she was old :'' and unto
him hath he given all that he hath.
^'And my master made me swear,
saying, * Thou shalt not take a wife

to my son of the daughters of the
C'anaanites, in whose land I dwell :
^*^but thou shalt go unto my ftither's
house, and to my kindred, and take
a wife unto my son.' ^''And I said
unto my master, ' l^eradventure the
woman will not follow me.'^ ^°And
he said unto me, ' The Lord, before
whom I walk, will send His Angel
with thee, and prosper'^ thy way ; and
thou shalt take a wife for my son
of my kindred, and of my father's
house : ^^ then shalt thou be clear
from this my oath, Avhen thou comest
to my kindred ; and if they give not
thee one.1 thou shalt be clear fi'om
my oath.' ^'^And I came this day
unto the well, and said,*^ ' 0 Lord
God of my master Abraham, if now
Thou do prosper my way which I go :
■^^ behold, I stand by the well of
water ; and it shall come to pass,
that when the virgin cometh forth to
draw water., and I say to her, ' Give
me, I pray thee, a little water of thy
pitcher to drink;' *^and she say to
me, ' Both drink thou, and I will
also draw for thy camels :' let the
same be the woman whom the Lord
hath appointed" out for my master's
son.' *^And before I had done speak-
ing/ in mine heart," behold, Kebckah
came forth w'ith her pitcher on her
shoulder ; and she went down unto
the well, and drew water : and I
said unto hei', ' Let me drink, I pray
thee.' ^'^And she made haste, and
let down her pitcher from lier.s7/oHZc/e;',
and said, ' Drink, and I will give
thy camels drink also :' so I drank,
and she made tlie camels drink also.
■^^ And I asked her, and said, ' Whose
daughter art thou?' And she said,
' The daughter of Bethuel, Nahor's
son, whom Milcah bare unto him;'
and I put the earring upon her face,^'
and the bracelets upon her hands.
'**^And I bowed down my head, and
worshipped the Lord, and blessed
the Lord ({od of my master Abra-
ham, which had led me in the right
way to take my master's brother's

I (For he fell the
sarrediifss of the
oath.) See Jos.
9, 19, 20.

c The God of

Shadrach, Me-
shach, & Abed-
nego...st'nt His
angel, and deli-
vered His ser-
vants that trust-
ed in Him. ..Da.
3, 28.

d I proclaimed a

fast that ^Yii

might seek of
(our God) a right
way for us, and
for our little
ones, and for all
our substance.
Ezr. 8, 21.

e The lot is cast
into the lap : l)ut
tlie whole dis-
posing thereof is
of the Lord.
Pr. 16, 33.

/ (Hannah) con-
tinued praying
before the Lord,
...and spake in
herheart...Then
Eli. ..said, tJo in
peace ; and the
God of Israel
grant thee thy
petition....! Sa.
1, 13, 17.

o (It tvould have
been improper to
have used public,
prayer on the
occasion, as Jiis
.servants cotild
have felt no par-
ticular interctt in
the accomplish-
ments of his peti-
tio>is,hrrnnsethey
ireri' not concern-
id in them., having
none of the re-
sponsiliility of
this mission.
Clarke.)

g Ve. 22.

A.M. 3469. I
B.C. 1972. ;

GENESIS.

J GEN. 24, 25.
t 25,7.

IT (Grand-Jauffh-
ti-r. Here Jle-
l/i uel, wlif) icas
Aliraham's »e-
fi/ifir, isealledhis
Irrother, as Lot
was Ix/ore.)

p (TTiat 7 may gn
el.sfiifieri', it seek
<i proyrr vuUch
for the son of my
master. Clarke.)

h Forlleporfonn-
tth tlu' tiling'
that isi(l>)>i>inU'cl
...it uuiiiy such
tliiiitjs arc witli
II im. Job 23,
14.

s (All this is most
precisely analo-
gous to usages
irhich still pre-
vail in the East.
Pic. Bib.)

I's. 107, 21, 22.

T Ileb., vessels.

V (These presents
wmiUl remain
with liehekah, <(•
form her provi-
sion in case of a
divorce from her
husband.)

<j> Or, a full year;
or, ten months.
Ju. 14,8.

X (A week or ten
days is the most
likely sense, as
there would he no
propriety, after
having given their
con-ient that sh''
should go, in de-
taining her for
" a year or ten
m<?n(As."Clarke.)

if (Art thou will-
ing to set out
immediately t)

k ...Dohorah, Rc-
h.'kah's nnrsf,
(lioil, (II hiinilrt'd
ami twciity-.'-i.x
yi'ai-s aftor), ami
WHH l)nri«'(l Iii'-
neathH('thel,uii-
ilor an oak : and
the name of it
was called " the
oak of' ireejting."
(mar.) Ch.S5,8.

(0 (Let them hold
in mihjextion
those that hate
them. Pic. Bib.)

daughtor'' unto liis son. •*^Aud now
if yc will deal kindly and truly with
my master, tell me : and if not, tell
me ; that I may turn to the right
hand, or to the ieft."P

^Then Laban and Bethuel an-
swered and said, " The thing pro-
ceedeth from the Lord :* we cannot
speak unto thee bad or good. ^^ lie-
hold, Hebekah is before thee, take^
her, and go, and let her be thy
master's son's wife, as the Lord
hath spoken."

^'-And it came to pass, that, when
Abraham's servant heard their words,
he worshipped' the Lord, bowing
himself \o the earth. ^^And the ser-
vant brought forth jewels'" of silver,
and jewels of gold, and raiment, and
gave them to Kebekah :" he gave also
to her brother and to her mother
precious things. ^And they did eat
and drink, he and the men that icerr
with him, and tarried all night ; and
they rose up in the morning, and
he said, " l^end mc away unto my
master."

^And her brother and her mother
said, " Let the damsel abide with us
a few days,* at the least ten \^ after
that she shall go."

^^And he said unto them, "Hinder
me not, seeing the Lord hath pros-
pered my way ; send me away that
1 may go to my master."

^^And tliey said, "We will call the
damsel, and eiKjuire at her mouth."

■''^Aiid they called Kebekah, and
said unto her, " AViltV' thou go with
this man ?"

And she said, " I will go."

^'^' And they sent away Rebckah
their sister, and her nurse,^ and
Abraham's servant, and bis men.
'="And they blessed liebekah, and
said unto her, " Thou art our sister,
be thou the mother of thousands of
millions, and let thy seed possess the
gate" of those which hate them."

^' And Kebekah arose, and her
damsels, and they rode upon the

camels,' and followed the man : and
the .servant took l{ebekah, and went
his way.

''-And Isaac came from the way
of the well Laliai-roi ;'" for he dwelt
in the south country. ^And Isaac
went out to meditate" in the field at
the eventide : and he lifted uj) his
eyes, and saw, and, behold, the camels
were coming.

•^And Kebekah lifted up her eyes,
and when she saw Isaac, she lighted
oft" the camel.^ ^For she had said
unto the servant, "What man is this
that walketh in the field to meet us ?"

And the servant had said, " It is
my master :"

Therefore she took a vail,>' and
covered herself.

^And the servant told Isaac all
things that he had done.

^^And Isaac brought her into his
mother Sarah's tent, and took Kebe-
kah, and she became his wife ; and
he loved* her : and Isaac was com-
forted" after his mother's death.

\'\'\T 1 A.M..3400. B.C. 1972. Beeb-riieba. To "I
.^.t*- ' -J The posterili/ of Atiraham by Ke- {J-* ^
turah. Death of Altraham.

THEN again' Abraham took a wife,
and her name was Keturah. -And
she bare him Zimran," and Jokshan,
and Medan, and Midian,'' and Ishbak,
and Shuah.? -^And Jokshan begat
Sheba,'' and Dedan. And the sons
of Dedan' were Asshurim,' and Letu-
shim, and Leummim. *And the sons
of Midian; Ephah," and Epher, and
llanoeh, and Abidah, and Eldaah.
All these were the children of Ketu-
rah.

•^And Abraham gave all that he
had unto Isaac. ^liut unto the sons
of the concubines, which Abraham
had, Abraham gave gifts,^ and sent
them away from Isaac his son, while
he yet lived, eastward, unto the easf
country. 'And these are the days
of the vears of Abraham's life which
he lived, an hundred threescore and

/(•h.,31,34. ISa.
■M, 17. Kst. 8,
10, U.

m Ch. 16, 14, and
25, 11.

a Or, to pray.
Ps. 1, 1, 2.

j3 (It vould have
li^,n the hl'jhr-iil
breach of iirien-
tal gitod m/iti Iters
to have remtiinrit
on the ctimelwh'u
pres' ulfdtolsaac.
i'ic. IVib.) Job.
15, 18.

y (I\tt herself into
the costume usual
for a bride, when
conducted into the
tent or house of
her husltand.
Pic. Bib.)

5 (lie had never
SI en Hebekah till
she stood unveiled
in his tent as his
vife. It seemed,
thi refore, neces-
sary to ndtl that
" he loved her,"
irhen he, did see
h:r. Pic. Bib.)

n Ch. 38, 12.

« (The supposition
of some that this
marriage took
place in Sarah's
lifetime is with-
out foundation.
Abraham lived
thirtyseven years
after this event,
so that his sons
could have been
old enough to
have formed se-
parate establish-
ments before his
death.)

o Zimri. 1 Chr.
1,32. Je.2.5, 25.

p Ch. 3fi, .S5, and
37, 28— :W. Kx.
2, 15, and 18, 1—
4. Nu. 22, 4 ; 25,
17; and 31,2,8.
Ju. vi.— viii.

-y Itildad the Shu-

hite Job 2, 11.

r 1 Ki. 10, 1. Job

C, in. I's. 72, 10.
s .le. 25, 23, and

lil, 8. Kzc. 2.1.

13, and 27, 2<J.
t 2 Sa. 2, 9. Ezc.

27. 6.

M Is. 60, 6.

f (Cattle and via-
tf rials for a do-
mestic establish-
ment.)

7) (.i raHa and thf
sniithrrn parts of
Mesopola mia.)

3.3

GEN. 25, 9. I
26, 23. J

GENESIS.

A.M. 3488.
. B.C. 1953.

0 (Isaac was at
Hie very savie agf
at the, dentil oj
Abraham as A-
hraham uas when
the promiie came
to him, viz., 75.
Lightfoot.)

vC\\. 15, 15; 35,
29 ; and 49, 33.

t (As funerals in
the. Edst taki'
place almost im-
mediately after
ihath, it is evi-
dent that Ishmad
mnst have, been
culled from the
Iieserl to the
death-bed of hi.i
father; which
implies that rela-
tions of hindnens
and respect had
been kept up.
Kitto's mb.Cyc.)

w Ch. 23, 9; 49,
29 ; and 50, 13.

K (Here Isaac t- nk
up a someirliat
permanent resi-
dence). Ch. 16,
14, and 24, 62.
\ (The posterity
of Ishmael, pene-
t rutin ijfreym lied-
jaz tov)ards the
east,spread them-
selves over the
peninsula, and
formeA a large d-
absorbing part
of the Arahian
population. Pic.
Bib.)
M. Ch. 17, 20.
1 Chr. 1, 29.
(From him de-
ycended the Na-
hiitli'nans, who.ie
name was inafter
time.H used tn de-
signate, the whole
nation.)
X 1.s. 21, 11— IG.
V Or, Hadfid.
1 Chr. 1, 30.
y Job 2, 11.
z 1 Chr. 5, 19.
f (Moveable vil-
lages of tents.
" Castles," folds
for cattle and
sheep. Kitto's
Bib. Cyc.)
a 1 Sa. 1.5, 7.
o Hob., fell. Ps.
78, 64. Ch. 16,
12. (lie and

the tribes spring-
ing from him al-
ways lived iiear
the kindred tribes
descended from
Abraham.
Kitto's Hih.Cyc.)
IT (The more level
region of Meso-
potamia. Pic.
Bib.)

fifteen ycars.^ *^Then Abraham gave
up the ghost, and died in a good old
age, an old man, and full of years f
and was gathered to his people. ^And
his sons Isaac and Ishmael buried'
liim in the cave of Machpelah,'" in
the field of l^phron the son of Zohar
the Ilittite, Avhich is before Mami-e ;
i"the field which Abraham purchased
of the sons of Heth : there was Abra-
ham buried, and Sarah his wife.

11 And it came to pass after the
death of Abraham, that God blessed
his son Isaac ; and Isaac dwelt by
the well Lahai-roi."

12 Now these are the generations
of Ishmael, Abraham's son, whom
Hagar the Egyptian, Sarah's hand-
maid, bare unto Abraham : i'^ and
these are the names of the sons of
Ishmael, by their names, according
to their generations :^ the firstborn
of Ishmael, Nebajoth ;f' and Kedar,
and Adbeel, and Mibsam, i*and
Mishma, and Dumah,^" and Massa,
i^IIadar," and Tema,^' Jetm-,^ Na-
phish, and Kedemah : ic these are the
sons of Ishmael, and these are their
names, by their towns,^ and by their
castles ; twelve princes according to
their nations. 17 And these are the
years of the life of Ishmael, an hun-
dred and tiiirty and seven years : and
he gave up the ghost and died ; and
was gathered unto his people. i^And
they dwelt" fi-om Ilavilah unto Shur,
that is before Egypt, as thou goest
toward Assyria : and he died" in the
presence of all his brethren.

A.M. 3488. B.C. 1953. Lahai-boi.
The early history of Esau and Jacob.

[32

i^AND these are the generations
of Isaac, Abraham's son: Abraham
begat Isaac : ~^and Isaac was forty
years old when he took Rebekah to
wife, the daughter of Bethuel the
Svrian of Padan-arau\,'' the sister to
Lahan tlie Syrian.

21 And Isaac intreated the Lord
for his Avife, because she was ban-en :

and the Lord was inti*eated of him,
and Rebekah his wife conceived.

22 And the children struggled toge-
ther within her ; and she said, " If
it be so, whyP am I thus?"

And she went to enquire of the
LoRD.^ 23 And the Loud said unto
her, " Two'^ nations are in thy womb,
and two manner of people shall be
separated fi-om thy bowels ; and the
one people shall be stronger* than the
other people ; and the elder shall
serve the younger."'^

2^ And when her days to be deli-
vered were fulfilled, behold, there
ivere twins in her womb. 2a And the
first came out red," all over like an
hairy garment ; and they called his
name Esau.* 26Aji(1 after that came
his brother out, and his hand took
hold on Esau's heel ; and his name
was called Jacob :''' and Isaac ivas
threescore years old when she bare
them,

27 And the boys gi-ew
was a cunning hunter, a
field ; and Jacob ivas a
dwelling in tents.'" 28 And Isaac
loved Esau, because he did eat of
his venison :'' but Rebekah loved
Jacob.

29And Jacob sod pottage : and Esau
came from the field, and he iras faint :
•'f'and Esau said to Jacob, "Eeed me,
I pray thee, with that same red po^
tage -^ for I am fiiint:" — therefore
was his name called Edom.v

31 And Jacob said, "Sell me this
day thy birthright."^

•52 And Esau said, "Behold, I am
at the point^ to die : and Avhat profit
shall this birthright do to me?"

^And Jacob said, "Swear to me
this day ;"

And he sware unto him: and he
sold his birthright unto Jacob. ^^Then
Jacob gave Esau bread and pottage
of lentiles; and he did eat and drink,
and rose up, and went his way : thus
Esau despised^ his birthright.

: and Esau
man of the
plain man,

p (She felt thal\
such an unusunl
movement Jtvj.s |
not without a
meaning. Ila-
vernick.)
S (Perhaps at i
Beer-.'<hebn,whcri' |
Abraham hn.l j
planted a grove
[« place of wor-
ship]. Ch. 21,33.)
T (Who but the
Author and Giver
of life could fore-
see that two chil-
dren in the womb
would multiply
into two nations.'
Bisliop Newton.)
6 2Sa.8,14. IKi.
22,47. 2(Jh.2.%
11.

c ...The children
of the promise
are counted for
the seed (Ro. 9,
8)...thatthepui--
poseofGod(viz.,
oJ innking the de-
scendants of Ja-
cob the depository
ofHisvnl I )might
stand. ..the chil-
dren(not)havlng
done any good or
evil (the predi
tion being verified
not in themselve
but in their po:
terity. Bishop
Newton.)
V (Red hair and a
fair complexion
seem to have been
regarded as beau-
tiful.) 1 Sa. 16,
12, and 17, 42.
</) ('^ Made'" with a
fccon^.Lightfoot.)
i// (i. e., a supplan-
ter, mar.) Ch.
27,36. Ho. 12, 3.
ui (To this day
tents remain the
exclusive resi-
dence of pastoral
people.)

a Heb., venison
was in his mouth.
/3 Heb.; with that
r«/, with that jv(/
\)otta.ge.(Lentiles
easily dissolve in
boiling water,and
form a chocolate-
coloured pottagi
much esteemed in
N. Africa and IV.
Asia. 2 Sa. 17,
28, and 23, 11.
Eze. 4, 9. The
totnh paintings of
the Egyptians ex-
hibit the opera-
tion of preparing
pottage.)
y Tliat is. Bed.
S (The priority,
the promise, the
priesthood, and a
double portion
were included in
the birthright.)

A.M. 3505. i
B.C. 1936. J

GENESIS.

JOEir. 25,9.
I 26,23.

f llcb., yoiiiif to
die.

((Till men are im-
jtrovtilliy culture,
aninuil exiitence
and aimsiire pre-
domiiuint). Job
;M,!». 1>. 8, 15.
Is. ■_'-', i;). ICn.
1.-., 32. lie. 12,
10.

7) (Vroltnbly a li-
tiilnrtlisliiictioii)
Ch. 12, 10, aud
20, 2.)

e (The origin of
this nation isvery
ohscure. From
De.2, 23; Jc.47,
4 ; Am. 9, 7, toe
leiirn that they
Clime forth from
Cnphtor [ Cappa-
ilociu, Bochart].
In Gc. 10, 13,
thiy are derived
from Mizraim.
Movers, •& after
him Kitto, idf.n-
tifies them with
the Hyksos, who
for two hundred
years ruled over
Eijypt. The root
TD7D denotes a
lenndf-rer, and
the ordinary
translation of
th' ir name in the
Si'ptuafn'it '*
' W\6<pv\ot,
• ni' n of another
tribe.')

d Ch. 20, 2, 3.
I'r. 29, 25.

I (An aperture in
the balustrailes
round the roif of
Ahimelech's pa-
lace. Pic. Bib.)

XXVl.]f,r.

■ ERAR. rqO

■atval- L*^*^

3605. B.C. 193C. G

lay ill or near tlie great

ley Shcriab, that conit-.s down

from Beer-.sheba.)

Isaac., durinij a famine, visits

Gerar, llis covenant with Al/i-

vulech.

AND there was a famine in tlie
land, besiilc the first famine that
was in the days of Abraham. Aud
Isaac went unto Abinudech'' king of
the Philistines* unto (Jerar.

' And the Loun appeared unto him,
and said, "C«o not down into Egypt;
dwell in the land which 1 shall tell
thee of: ^ sojourn in this land, and I
will be with thee, and will bless thee ;
for unto thee, and unto thy seed, I
will give all these countries, and 1
will perfonn the oath which I sware
unto Abraham thy father; ^and 1
will make thy seed to multiply as
the stars of heaven, and will give
imto thy seed all these countries;
and in thy seed shall all the nations
of the earth be blessed; ^because
that Abraham obeyed My voice, and
kept My charge. My commandments,
My statutes, and My laws."

"And Isaac dwelt in Gei*ar: ^and
the men of the place asked him of
his wife ; and he said, " She is my
sister ;" for he feared'' to say, She is
my wife ; "lest," said he, " the men
of the place should kill me for Kebe-
kah ;" — because she was fair to look
upon.

*^And it came to pass, when he
had been there a long time, that Abi-
melech king of the Philistines looked
out at a window,' and saw, and, be-
hold, Isaac was sporting with Rebe-
kah his wife. ^ And Abiinelech called
Isaac, and said, " IJehold, of a surety
she is thy wife : and how saidst thou,
' She is my sister?' ''

And Isaac said unto him, " Be-
cause I .said, 'Lest I die for her.' "

^"And Abimelech said, " What i.^
this thou hast done iinto us? one of
the people might lightly have lien
with thy wife, and thou shouldest
have brought guiltiness upon us."

i^And Abimelech charged all hin
peoi)le, saying, " He that toucheth"
this man or his wife shall surely be
put to death."

^"Then Isaac sowed in that land,
and received* in the same year an
hundredfold : and the Lokd blessed
him./ I'^And the man waxed gi*eat,
and went forward,^ and p-ew until
he became very great : I4br he had
possession of flocks, and possession
of herds, and groat store of servants i*^
and the Philistines envied" him. ^^ For
all the wells which his father's ser-
vants had digged in the days of Abra-
ham his father, the Philistines had
stopped them, and filled them with
earth.

^''And Abimelech said unto Isaac,
" Go from us ; for thou art much
mightier than we."

17 And Isaac departed thence, and
pitched his tent in the valley of
Gerar, and dwelt there, i^ And Isaac
digged again the wells of water, which
they had digged in the days of Abra-
ham his father ; for the Philistines
had stopped them after the death of
Abraham : and he called their names
after the names by which his father
had called them.f ^^ And Isaac's ser-
vants digged in the valley, and found
there a well of springing" water.

-'^And the herdinen of Gerar did
strive with Isaac's herdinen, saying,
" The water is ours i''"^

And he called the name of the
well Esek;** because they strove with
him.

-^And they digged another well,
and strove for that also : and he
called the name of it Sitiiah.'

--And he removed from thence,
and digged another well ; and for
that they strove not :^ and he called
the name of it Kehoboth ;'' and he
said, " For now the Loud hath made
room for us, and we shall be fruitful"
in the land." -''And he went up
ti-om thence to lieer-sheba.

I'r. 6, 32.

K lleh., found.

f ...He that t'a-
f)i(;ri-th by la-
bour (with the
hand) shall in-
crease. Pr. 13,
11, and 10, 22.
Pk. 112, 3.

K \lK\).,went going .

It. Or, husbandry.

V (Ir.anc's hus-
bandry involved
the prospect of
his permanent
residence in Ge-
rar. I'ic. Bib.)

f (In Persia, who-
ever procurer the
means of irriga-
tion becomes the
proprietor of the
land which he
thus renders cul-
tivatahle. Pic.
Bib.)

0 Ileb., living.

w (The renewed <t
bitter strife when
Isaac proceeded
to clear out the
ire.'ts ami dig new
ones, leads to the
conclusion, that
the J'hilistines
deemed it incon-
venient that so
powerful a elan
should ac'juire n
right to the soil
oftheirsmall ter-
ritory. Pic. Bib.)

p That is, Conten-
tion.

s That is. Hatred.

g Pr. 2 J, 10.

T That is, Jioom.

V {The want of
rivers and brooks
during summer
renders, in the
ICast, the trilies
depenihnt ujton
Ihi- ir, lis for the

irril r.risl,l,ee of

the jiiH-ks d: herds
trh ich form their
wealth. Pic.

Bib.)

GEN. 28, 24. 1
3. J

27, 36.

GENESIS.

( A.M. 3565.
i B.C. 1876.

f>{Thot Ihtpatri-
nrchal altars
mere o/ unhetcu
f tones or of earth
is confirmed hy
the circumstnncis
under icfiich lltry
were erected, and
by the fact that
they are always
tlescrihed as hein /
'•built." Kitto's
Jiib. C>/c.) Ce.
8,20; 'V2,7; 13,
4; 22, 9; 33,20;
and 3o, 1.

X {Digging a well
was a most ar-
duous and impor-
tant work, and
the property oj
it became vested
in the person hy
whom it was dig-
ged and his heirs
forever. Kitto's
£tb. Cyc.)

xjj (Dr. Robinson
discovered two
wells, still called
Sir-es-Seba, soms
distance apart,
circular, & stoned
up very neatly
with solid mason-
ry, <£• apparently
of very ancient
date. Thelaryest
well is 124 /'■«<
in diameter and
44J feet deep to
the surface of
the water, \GJeet
of which at the
bottom are exca-
vated in the solid
rocks. The other
well is 5 feet in
diameter and 42
feet deep. I'ic.
Bib.)

(u {Probably not
the same Abime-
/eo/io/Ch.21,22.)

a Ileb., Seeing wf
saw.

P Ileb., // thou
shall, &c.

y (Feasts seem
oriyina II y to ha ve
answered the im-
portant purpose
of serving as evi-
dence and attes-
tation of the
events which they
ceMrrated. Kit-
to's Lib. Cyc.)

S That is, an oath.

c That is, The
well of the oath.

f Ileb., bitterness
of spirit.

2^ And tlie Lord appeared unto
him the same night, and said, " I
am the God of Abraham thy father :
fear not, for I a?n with thee, and
will bless thee, and multiply thy
seed for My servant Abraham's sake."

25 And he builded an altai-^ there,
and called upon the name of the
Lord, and pitched his tent there :
and there Isaac's servants digged^ a
well.'''

20 Then Abimelech" Avent to him
fi'om Gcrar, and Ahuzzath one of
his friends, and Phichol the chief
captain of his army.

27 And Isaac said unto them,
'* Wherefore come ye to me, seeing
ye hate me, and have sent me away
fi'om you ?"

2«And they said, "We saw" cer-
tainly that the Lord was with thee :
and we said. Let there be now an
oath betwixt us, even betwixt us and
thee, and let us make a covenant
with thee ; 29 that thou wilt^ do us no
hurt, as we have not touched thee,
and as we have done unto thee nothing
but good, and haA^e sent thee aAvay
in peace : thou art noAv the blessed
of the Lord."

^^And he made them a feastiV and
they did eat and drink. ^^ And they
rose up betimes in the morning, and
SAvare one to another : and Isaac sent
them aAvay, and they departed fi'om
him in peace.

•^2 And it came to pass the same
day, that Isaac's servants came, and
told him concerning the Avell Avhicli
they had digged, and said unto him,
" We have found water." -^^And he
called it Shebah :^ therefore the name
of the city is Beer-sheba* unto this
day.

3^ And Esau Avas forty years old
when he took to Avife .Judith the
daughter of Ueeri the Ilittite, and
Bashemath the daughter of Elon the
Hittite : ^^ which Avere a gi-ief^ of
mind unto Isaac and to liebekah.

YY VTT 1 AM. 3565. B.C. 1876. fOA
JVJS. V XX. J Beeu-siieda (in Uerar). L'-'^
Jacob, by personating Ksau,
obtains his father's blessing.

AND it came to pass, that Avhen
Isaac Avas old, and his eyes were
dim,'' so that he could not see, he
called Esau his eldest son, and said
unto him, "My son:"

And he said unto him, "Behold,
he7'e am I."

2 And he said, " Behold now, I am
old, I knoAV not the day of my
death :« ^now therefore take, I pray
thee, thy weapons, thy quiver and
thy bow, and go out to the field, and
take'' mc sovie venison;* '^and make
me savoury' meat, such as I love,
and bring it to me, that I may eat,
that my soul may bless* thee before*
I die."

^ And Rebekah heard when Isaac
spake to Esavi his son.

And Esau went to the field to hunt
for A'enison, a)id to bring it.

^And Rebekah spake unto Jacob
her son, saying, " Behold, I heard
thy father speak unto Esau thy bro-
ther, saying, 7 ' Bring me venison,
and make me savoury meat, that I
may eat, and bless thee before the
Lord before my death.'^ ^ Noav
therefore, my son, obey my voice
according to that which I command
thee. '-^Go noAV to the flock, and
fetch me fi'om thence tAvo good kids
of the goats ; and I will make them
savour}^ meat for thy father, such as
he loveth : '^'^ and thou shalt bring it
to thy father, that he may eat, and
that he may bless thee before his
death."

11 And .Jacob said to Rebekah his
mother, " liehold, I^^sau my brother
is a hairy man, and I am a smooth
man : ^2 my father pcradventure Avill
feel me, and I shall seem to him as
a deceiver ;' and I shall bring a cvuse
upon me, and not a blessing."

i^^Aiid his mother said unto him,
" Upon me be thy curse, my son : only
obey** my A-oice, and go fetch me them."

h C'h.48, 10.
1 Sa. 3, 2.

i Ye know not
what shall be on
the morrow. For
what is youi-
life? It is even
a vapour that
ap])eareth for a
little time, and
then vanislieth
away. J a. 4, 14.
Pr. 27, 1.

T) Heb., hunt.

9 (Oriental shep-
herds seldom, ex-
cept to entertain
a stranger, think
of diminishing
their Jlorks
supply themselves
with meat. I'ic.
Bib.)

t (The most es-
teemed dishes of
the Orientals are
saturated with
butler or fat,
highly seasoned
with salt, spices,
garlic, & onions,
sharpened with
vegetable acids &
sweetened with
honey or vegeta-
ble sweets. Pic.
Bib.)

iVe. 27. C'h.48,
9, 15, and 49, 28.
De. 33, 1.

K ( The irrevocable
blessing acted
with all the force
of a modern tes-
tamentary be-
quest. Kitto's
mb. Cyc.)

A (Jacob's qtiali-
tieshrnlciuhiind
hl„l toliis mother,
awl the pn.speet
to her was dark
and threatening
when she saw in
imayinationKsau
at the head of Die
hmse. Kitto's
Bib. Cyc.)

I Cursed be he
that niaketh the
l)liiul ti) wander
out of the way.
De. 27, 18.

(lA (In estimating
the conduct of
liebekah,we ought
to consider that
her misunder-
standing of the
promise made at
the birth of the
boys had nosmall
share in it.)

A.M. 3565. 1
B.C. 1876. i

GENESIS.

( GEN. 26, 24.
I 27,36.

V Hub., tUsirtthlf.

((/iKilllikelihixHl
hull/ rohea, n-
iririd from Ihrir
(iiicfstors, it kfpt
by the mother oj
the fit mill/ in
xireet chests from
moths fiitii the
likf. AiiisHorth.)

o (M'hrn men, to
suit their own
e/iil.i, take upon
themselves toful-
Jii the desiyns of
(joifsproviilence,
they must neces-
sarily resort to
Hujitstifiable
means.)

It \\.i^i.,heJoreme.

p {If Jacob's kid.'
were roasted
whiiU, ajt'-rbeiny
stuffed with rai-
sins, pistachio'
n»ts, almoiuis it
husked corn or
rice, the result
would be a vwst
savoury dish, now
much admired in
the East, <£■ which
a man with all
his sen.ies in per-
fection might not
readily distin-
guish from a
young gazelle si-
milarly treated.
I'ic. Bib.)

i^Aiul lie went, aiul fetched, and
l)r(>uj!;lit t/iem to his mother: and his
mother made savoury meat, such as
his lather loved.

15 And Kebekah took goodly'' rai-
ment^ of her eldest son Esau, whieli
ivere Avith her in the house, and put
them upon .Jacob her younger son :
"'and she put the skins of the kids
of the goats upon his hands, and
upon the smooth of his neck: ^^and
she gave the savoury meat and the
bread, which she had prepared, into
the hand of her sou Jacob.

i^And he came unto his father,
and said, " My father :"

And he said, " Here am I ; who°
art thou, my son?"

^'•'And Jacob said unto his father,
" I am Esau thy firstborn : I have
done according as thou badest me :
arise, I pray thee, sit and eat of my
venison, that thy soul niay bless me."

-''And Isaac said unto his son,
" How is it that thou hast found it
so quickly, my son?"

And he said, " Because the Loud
thy Ciod brought it to me."'''

-1 And Isaac said luito Jacob, "Come
near, I pray thee, that I may feel
thee, my son, whether thou be my
very son Esau or not."

--And Jacob went near unto Isaac
his father ; and he felt him, and said,
"The voice is Jacob's voice, but the
hands ai-e the hands of Esau."

-•^And he discerned him not, be-
cause his hands were hairy, as his
brother Esau's hands : so he blessed
him. -^And he said, ".^Irithoumy
\ery son Esau?"

And he said, " I am."

25 And he said, " IJring it near to
me, and I will eat of my son's veni-
son,P that my soul may bless thee."

And he brought it near to him,
and he did eat : and he brought him
wine, and he drank.

-^And his father Isaac said imto
him, " Come near now, and kiss me,
my son."

-7 And lie came near, and kissed
him : and he smelled the smell of his
raiment, and blessed him, and said,
" See, the smell'" of my son is as
the smell of a field which the Lukd
hath blessed: -** therefore God give
tlici', of the dew of heaven, and the
fatness of the earth, and plenty of
corn and w ine :" -''' let people serve
thee, and nations" bow down to thee :
be lord over thy brethren, and let
thy mother's sons bow down to thee:
cursed be every one that curseth thee,
and blessed 6e he that blesseth thee."

^^And it came to pass, as soon as
Isaac had made an end of blessing
.lacol), and .Jacob was yet scarce gone
out from the presence of Isaac his
father, that Esau his brother came
in fi-om his hunting. ''^And he also
had made savoiuy meat, and brought
it luito his father, and said unto his
father, " Let my father arise, and
eat of his son's venison, that thy soul
may bless me."

"^^Aiid Isaac his father said imto
him, " Who rtrMhou ?"

And he said, "I am thy son, thy
firstborn I'^sau."

'•^'■^ And Isaac trembled very exceed-
ingly,^ and said, " Who ? where /*•
he that hath taken'' venison, and
brought it mc, and I have eaten of
all before thou earnest, and have
blessed him ? yea, and he shall be
blessed,""

^ And when Esaii heard the words
of his father, he cried with a givat
and exceeding bitter cry, and said
unto his father, " lUess me, even me
also, O my father."

^And he said, " Thy brother came
with subtilty, and hath taken away
thy blessing."

^'^ And he said, " Is not he rightly
named Jacob ?'*' for he hath sup-
l)lauted me these two times : he took
away my birthright •/ and, behold,
now he hath taken away my bless-
ing."— And he said, " Hast thou not
reserved a blessing for me? '

III ...Thi' KtiicU (if
tliy (.'iiniH'iits iH
liki- thi- Niiiullur
l.cbiiiion. Cii.
i, 11.

n The land, whl-
tliiT ye go t<)
ixpsscss it, is a
Iniiil lit' bills and
valleys, aiul

(Iriiiki'tli water
(if tli(^ rain of
licavi'ii: a land
wbicli the Lord
tliy (iiid careth
fur: for the eves
of the Lord thy
(iod are always
upon it, from the
bc^riiiiiin^of the
year even unto
the end of the
year. Ue. 11, 11,
12.

0 Solomon reifrn-
ed over all king-
doms from the
river unto the
land of the IMii-
listines, & unto
the Ijorder of
I+'ypt : they
broiitrht prc-
•sent.s and served
SolnnidM all the
(lavs of his life.
1 ki. 4, 21.

S lleb., trembled
with a great
trembling great-

T Ileb., hunted.

V (The Christ the
Saviour of the
world was to be
born of srnne one
family, and Ja-
cob's was prefer-
red to Esau's by
the good plea-
sure of Almighty
fi'oil. This pecu-
liar privilege of
Jacob was irre-
versible, notwith-
standing the ini-
tjuityofthe means
by which it had
been brought
niouMle. 12,17.)

^ That is, a sup-
plant<-r,

p Cb. 25, 33.

GEN. 27, 37. 1
29, 12. 1

GENESIS.

A.M. 3565.
. B.C. 1876.

X Or, supported.

4i (Isaac prohahlij
now had the di-
vine oracle re-
called to his mind,
which he himself
had confirmed a-
ijainst his will, &
Jdt a hesitation
to withdraw the
l/lessiiiij. Haver-
nick.)

({ He found no
place of repent-
ance (or, way to
clutnye his fa-
ther's mind),
though be
souglit it care-
fully with tears.
He. 12, 17.

(0 Or, of the fat-
ness.

a (When thou hast
w(in(l>-red hither
niul thither.
Maurer.J

^ {The subsequent
fortunes of the
descendants of
h'sau and Jacob
fully bear out this
jirediclicn. Saul
fought ayaitist
the former, and
David cotnpbtrly
■"ubdued them, but
they revolted
from his succes-
sors. 2 Sa. 8, 14.

1 Ki. 22, 47.

2 Ki. 8, 20. T?ie
Edomites nftur-
vards recovered
their poirer and
at the Captivity
triumphed over
their kinsmen thr
Jews, and aft^'r
the Chahleans re-
tired retained
possession of
their own terri-
tory and bi-cjiine
nui.iters (fjiuhea
an far as Jlfliron.
Ob. 10. Kzc.2,5,
12. I.a. 4, 21.
Eze. 35, 10, and
.36, 5. 1 Mace. 5,
(K.)

y (Iteheliah prolia-
bly sau) Jaroh /,o
more. Ch. .3.5, 27.
Is. 50, 10, 11.)

5 ( Rebekah frames
this as an excuse,
concealing from
Isaac the true
cause.)

^'And Isaac answered and said un-
to Esau, " Behold, I have made hun
thy lord, and all his brethren have I
given to him for servants ; and with
corn and wine have I sustained^ him :
and what shall I do now unto thee,*
my son?"

^And Esau said unto his father,
" Hast thou but one blessing, my fa-
ther ? bless me, even me also, 0 my
father."

And Esau lifted up his voice, and
wept.?

^^And Isaac his father answered
and said unto him, " Behold, thy
dwelling shall be the fatness*^ of the
earth, and of the dew of heaven from
above ; *<^and by thy sword shalt thou
live, and shalt serve thy brother ;
and it shall come to pass when thou
shalt have the dominion,* that thou
shalt break his yoke from off thy
neck."^

^^And Esau hated Jacob because
of the blessing whercAvith his father
blessed him : and Esau said in his
heart, "The days of mourning for
my father are at hand : then will I
slay my brother Jacob."

^^And these words of Esau her
elder son were told to Rebekah : and
she sent and called Jacob her younger
son, and said unto him, "Behold,
thy brother Esau, as touching thee,
doth comfort himself, pwyosing to
kill thee. *^Now therefore, my son,
obey my voice ; and arise, flee thou
to Laban my brother to Haran ; **and
tan-y with him a few days, until thy
brother's fury turn away ; ^^ until thy
brother's anger turn away from thee,
and he forget that which thou hast
done to him : then I will send, and
fetch thee from thence : why should
I be deprived also of vou both in one
day?"Y 46 And Rebekah said to
Isaac, " I am weary of my life be-
cause of the daughters of I leth :^ if
Jacob take a wife of the daughters of
Ileth, such as these which are of the
daughters of the land, what good

WVTTT 1 ^^^^^ ^y ^^^^ ^^ me?"''
..V^V V 111. J i^^^ j^^^^^ ^^^^^^ j^^^^^

and blessed him, and charged him,
and said unto him, "Thou shalt not
take a Avife of the daughters of Ca-
naan.'» '-^ Arise, go to Padan-aram,' to
the house of Bethuel thy mother's
father; and take thee a wife from
thence of the daughters of Laban thy
mother's brother. ^And God Al-
mighty bless thee, and make thee
fruitful, and multiply thee, that thou
mayest be a multitude* of people;
'^and give thee the blessing of Abra-
ham, to thee, and to thy seed with
thee ; that thou mayest inherit the
land wherein thou art a stranger,^
which CJod gave unto Abraham."

^ And Isaac sent away Jacob -."^ and
he went to Padan-aram unto Laban,
son of Bethuel the Syrian, the bro-
ther of Rebekah, Jacob's and Esau's
mother.

[35

A.M. 3565. B.C. 1876. Bethel.

Jacob leaves his father's house. Sis vision

at Bethel.

^ WHEN Esau saw that Isaac had
blessed Jacob, and sent him away
to Padan-aram, to take him a wife
from thence ; and that as he blessed
him he gave him a charge, saying,
" Thou shalt not take a wife of the
daughters of Canaan ;" ^ and that
Jacob obeyed his father and his mo-
ther, and Avas gone to Padan-aram ;
^ and Esau seeing that the daughters
of Canaan pleased^ not Isajic his
father ; '-^ then went Esau unto Ish-
mael, and took unto the Avives Avhich
he had Mahalath"^ the daughter of
Ishmael Abraham's son, the sister
of Ncbajoth, to be his Avife."

^"And Jacob went out from Beer-
slieba, and Avent toward Ilaran.'^

^^And he lighted upon a certain
place, and tan-ied there all night,
because the sun was set ; and he took
of the stones of that place, and put
them for his pilloAVS, and lay down
in that place to sleep. ^^ And he
dreamed," and behold a ladder set up

r Bread of deceit
(lying, or false-
hood) is sweet to
a man ; but af-
terwards his
mouth .shall be
filled with gra-
vel. Pr. 20, 17.

s Lest thou make
a covenant with
the inhabitants
of the land. ..and
do sacrifice unto
their gods. Ex.
34, 15.

t ...In the coun-
try of Svria...
Ilos. 12, 12. Ch.
25, 20.

6 Heb.. an assem-
bly of people.

i Heb., of thy so-
journinys.

t] Having volun-
tarily and cheer-
fully confirm^'-d to
him the blessing
which he liail be-
fore obtained
through subtilty.)
By faith Isaac
bles.sed Jacob...
concerning
thiTigs to come.
He. 11, 20.

6 Heb., were evil
in the eyes, dx.

I (She u< called lia-
shenmth, ch. 36,
3. The patri-
archal aye pre-
sents numy alte-
ratioits of name.)

K (Esau did this
with a sincere de-
sire to please and
obey his parents.
Clarke.)

A Called Chorran,
Acts 7, 2.

M In a dream, in
a vision of the
niglit, when deep
sleep falletli up-
on men, in slura-
berings upon the
bed, then He
oponcth (reveal-
eth,muiicnrrri:th)
tlie ears of men
andseak'th tlieir
instruction. Job
33, 15, 16. Ch.
41,1.

A.M. 35G5
B.C. 1876

::}

GENESIS.

J GEN. 27, 37.
\ 29, 12.

,' .Ino. 1, 51. lie.
1, 11.

/■ Tlicy .shall
(twcllin the Innd
tliHt I have t;iv-
iMi unto Jacob
My servant,
wherein ymir fa-
thers have dwelt:
and they shall
dwell therein,
even they, and
their children,
and their chil-
dren's children,
l'i)r over; and
My .servant Da-
vid shall he
their prince fur
ever. Eze.37, 25.

1 lleb., break
forth.

X Kx. 3, 5. Jos.
15. Job 9, 11.

V {As an evidencf
of thf solemn vow
which he mailr.
This use of a
sloiie or slam's is
tUjiii ilrly express-
r'd in ch. 31, 48,
52. I'ic. Bib.)

f (Oil forms an
important and
nrcfssnry part of
thf provision
which travellers
ill the East carry
with them. Pic.
Uib.)

o That is, the
house of God.

n (That is, it was
the situ/ition of
the city whose
name hiul lonij
hern known in th
time of Mosfs as
Luz. Ju. 1, 23.
2G. Ho. 4, 15,
Acrordinr) to Eu-
sebius, it was
tw'he Ituman
mil's X. of Jeru-
salem.) Cli. 35,
6,7.

p (linshbnm consi-
ders the 1 in this
instance as a con-
junction ' and,'
which does not
convert the pr(r-
ter rrn ' has been'
into the future.
He therefore ejc-
plaiits it by "and
the Ijord has su/i-
ported me in all
my undertak-
inys." Kapball.
The expression
then forms no
part of Jacob's
vow.)

on the oartli, and the top of it reached
to heaven : and bcludd the anj^els of
(Jod ascending and descending on
it."

^^And, behohl, the Lord stood
ahovc it, and said, " I am the Loud
Ciod of Abraham thy father, and tlie
(Jod of Isaac: the hind whereon thou
liest, to thee will I give it, and to
thy seed ;"■ ^*and thy seed shall be
as the dust of tlie earth, and thou
shalt spread abroad** to the west, and
to the east, and to the nortli, and to
the south : and in thee and in thy
seed shall all the families of the earth
be blessed. ^''^ And, behold, I am
with thee, and will keep thee in all
places whither thou goest, and will
bring thee again into this land ; for
I will not leave thee, until I have
done that which I have spoken to
thee of."

^•"And Jacob awaked out of his
sleep, and he said, ".Surely the Loud
is in this place ; and I knew* it not."
^"^ And he was afraid, and said, "How
dreadful is this place ! this is none
other but the house of God, and this
is the gate of heaven."

^*'And Jacob rose up early in the
morning, and took the stone that he
had \n\if(ir his j)illows, and set it up
for a pillar,'' and ])oured oil^ upon
the top of it. ^''And he called the
name of that place licth-el :° but the
name of that city was called Luz"'
at the first.

^And Jacob vowed a vow, saying,
" If God will be with me, and will
keep nic in this way that I go, and
will give me bread to cat, and rai-
ment to put on, 2' so that I come
again to my father's house in peace ;
thenP shall tlie Lord be my God :
^and this stone, which I have set
for a pillar, shall be (Sod's liouse :
and of all that Thou shalt give me I
will surelv give the tenth unto
Thee."

XXIX.]j-

a-ifiS. B.C. 1876. llAiiAy.
cob vuirries Leah awl Jtachel.

[36

rrillEN Jacob went on his journey,*
\_ and came into the land of the
peo])h''' of the east.

■'^And he looked, and behold a well
in tlie field, and, lo, th(!re iccre three
flocks of sheep lying by it ;^ for out
of that well they watered the flocks :
and a great stone icas upon the well's
mouth. ^And thither were all the
flocks gathered : and they rolled the
stone from the well's mouth, and
watered the sheep, and put the stone
again upon the well's mouth in his
place."

^And Jacob said unto them, "My
brethren, whence be ycV

And they said, " Of Ilaran are
we."

^And he said unto them, "Know
ye Laban the son of Nahor?"

And they said, " AVe know Jiim."

^And he said unto them, " /s he'''
well?"

And they said, " lie is well : and,
behold, Kachel his daughter cometh
with the sheep."

^ And he said, " Lo, it is yet high"
day, neither is it time that the cattle
shoidd be gathered together : water
ye the sheep, and go and feed them."

"And they said, "We cannot, un-
til all the flocks lie gathered together,
and till they roll the stone from the
well's mouth ; then we water the
shcep.""^

^And while he yet spake with
them, Kachel came with her father's
sheep : for she kept them."

^^And it came to pass, when Jacob
saw Kachel the daughter of Laban
his mother's brother, and the sheep
of Laban his mother's lirother, that
.Jacob went near, and rolled the stone
from the well's mouth, and watered-
the flock of Laban his mother's bro-
ther. ^'And .Jacob kissed Kachel,
and lifted up his voice, and wept."
^'And .Jacob told Kachel that he u'a.s
her father's brother, and that he ivas

t llcb, lift up hit
feet.

T lleb., chiUhen.

y (They made
the} Hock to rent
at noon. Ca.1,7.

V (It was proltably
to prevent the ex-
posure of the well
by too frequently
removing the
stone, that the
shepherds did not
water their flocks
until the whole
were assembled
together. Pic.
Bib.)

<^ lleb., is there
peace to him f
Ch. 43, 27.

X lleh., yet the day
is great.

yfi ( When the well
is private pro-
perty, it may not
be opened unless
in the presence of
the proprietor or
of some one be-
longing to his
household. Pic.
Bib.)

w (In the East all
drudgery de-
volves upon the
females. "Among
the Sinai Arabs,"
says liurckhardt,
" the young wo-
men set out before
sunrise, three or
four together,car-
rying some water
and victuals with
them, and they do
not return till late
in the evening.
Throughout the
day they continue
exposed to the sun,
watching tlie
flocks with great
care." Pic. Bib.)
Kx. 2, 16, and .'t,
1. 1 Sa. 17, M.

t Moses... helped
(thedauKhterscif
Jethro) and wa-
tcn-d their
flock. Ex. 2, 17.

o Joseph fell npnn
his brother Ben-
jamin's neck A:
wept, and Ben-
jamin wept upon
his neck. .More-
over he kis.sed
all his hn-thrvn
and wei)t nixpii
them, and aftir
that his breth-
ren talked with
him. Ch. 45, It ;
X\, 4; and 43,
30.

GEN. 29, 12. >
30, 29. (

GENESIS.

i A.M. 3566.
1 B.C. 1875.

a Hcb., henriug.

Ch. 13, 8. Ju. 9,
2. 2 Sam. 5, 1, &
19, 12, 13.

/3 Ileb., a month
of days.

y (Had weak or
ilheasrd eyes,
which the Ori-
entals reijnrd as
a very i/reat de-
fect. Pic. Bib.)

" Favour is de-
ceitful, & beauty
is vain : but a
woman tliat fear-
eth tlie Lord sbo
shall be praised.
Pr. 31, 30.

S (It was an Ori-
ental custom that
when a yonny
man, thnuyh
otherwise an un-
erceptioruible
match, had no
property which
enabled him tn
furnish therequi-
site payments i^
presents, some
service or enter-
prise was accept-
ed from the s-nit-
nr as an eqitixm-
lent. Pic. Bib.)
1 Sa. 18, 2.0. Ch.
31, 41. 2 Sa. 3,
14. Ho. 3, 2,
and 12, 12.

e (According to
exist ini/ Arab
vsayes, as her
Twaresl relation,
./arnb had the
best possible
riiiht tn her.
Pic. Bib.)

d (.Samson) made
a feast, for so
used the vounK
men to do.. .se-
ven da vs. .Ju. 14,

10, 17.'.Jno. 2, 1.
^ (A mong most of

the people of A aia
the bride is close-
ly veiled during
the marriagere-
remonies, and re-
mains so white
conducted tn her
hiisband's house,
or /e7l^ Pic. Bib.)

e Ch. 27, 35. Pr.

11, .31.

Rebekali's son : and she ran and told
lier father.

1^ And it came to pass, when La-
ban heard the tidings" of Jacob his
sister's son, that he ran to meet him,
and embraced him, and kissed him,
and bronght him to his house. And
he tohl Laban all these things, ^*And
Laban said to him, " 8iu-ely thou
art my bone and my flesh."''

And he abode with him the space
of a month.^

^^And Laban said unto Jacob, " Be-
cause thou «rf my brother, shouldest
thou therefore serve me for nought?
tell me, what shall thy wages be?"

^•^And Laban had two daughters :
the name of the elder was Leah, and
the name of the younger was Rachel.
^''Leah ivas tender eyed;T but Rachel
was beautiful and well favoured.*^

^^And Jacob loved Rachel ; and
said, "I will serve^ thee seven 3^ ears
for Racliel thy younger daughter."

^^And Laban said, "/f is better
that I give her to thee, than that I
sliould give her to another man :
abide with me."^

2'^' And Jacob served seven years
for Rachel; and they seemed unto
him but a few days, for the love he
had to her.

21 And Jacob said unto Laban,
" Give me my wife, for my days are
fulfilled, that I may go in unto her."

'■^'■^ xind Laban gathered together
all the men of the place, and made
a feast.*^ ^"^And it came to pass in
the evening, that he took Leah his
daughter, and brought her to him :
and he went in unto her. ^^And
Laban gave unto his daughter Leah,
Zilpah his maid, for an handmaid.
'^''And it came to pass, that^ in the
morning, bcliold, it was Leah : and
he said to Laban, " AVhat is this
thou hast done unto me ? did not I
serve with thee for Rachel ? where-
fore then hast thou beguiled" me?"

^^And Laban said, " It must not

be so done in our country,'' to give
the younger before the firstborn.*
'^'^ Fii\i\\ her week, and we will give
thee this also for tlie service wliich
thou shalt serve with me yet seven
other years."

2*^ And Jacob did so, and fulfilled
her week :'• and he gave him J^achel
his daughter to wife also./ ^'^And
Laban gave to Rachel his daughter
Rilhah his handmaid to be her maid.
^"And he went in also unto Rachel,
and lie loved;' also Rachel more than
Leah, and served with him yet seven
other years.

^^And when the Loud saw that
Leah teas hated, he opened her
womb :'* but Rachel was barren.
^^And Leah conceived, and bare a
son, and she called his name Reuben :"
for she said, " Surely the Lord hath
looked upon my affliction ; now there-
fore my husband will love me."

^"^And she conceived again, and
bare a son ; and said, " Because the
Lord hath heard that I teas hated,
he hath therefore given me this son
also :"

And she called his name Simeon.'^

^■^And she conceived again, and
bare a son ; and said, " Now this
time will my husband be joined unto
me, because I have born him three
sons :"

Therefore was his name called
Levi.f^

^^And she conceived again, and
bare a son : and she said, " Now will
I praise the Lord :"

Tlierefore she called his name Ju-
dah ;" and left bearing.^

XXX.]

A.M. 3566. n.c. 1875. IIaran

Jacob marries also Bilhah aiul

Zilpah.

S-[37

AND when Rachel saw that she
bare Jacob no children, Rachel
envied^ her sister ; and said unto
Jacob, " Give me children, or else I
die.""

2 And Jacob's anger was kindled*
against Rachel : and he said, '■'■Am

Y) Ileb., place.

9 (This was a
custom at Meso-
potamia, but
Jjahan took care
tn cmiceal it.
Ilith the Hin-
dus it is a posi-
tive law. J

I (It is evident that
the marriage of
Jacohwith J^eiih
and Rachel, took
place nearly at
the same time.
Pic. Bib.)

/Le. 18, 18.

g Ca. 8, 7.

h Ps. 127, 3.

K That is, see a
son. (It cannot
be expected, that
names given un-
der the injlueui:e
of strong excite-
ment,should pre-
serve etymologi-
cal precision.
Philippson.)

A That is. Hear-
ing.

p That is, Joined.
See Nu. 18,2—4.

V That is, Praise.

I Ileb., stondfrom
bearing, but (af-
terwards) bare...
Issachar...and
Zebulun...and
Dinah. Ch. 30,
17—21.

i A sound heart
is tile life of the
flesh, but envy
the rottenness
of the bones. Pr.
14, 30. Ch. 37,
11. 1 Sa.l, 4— 8.

0 (The natural
domestic evils of
polygamy must
be rendered more
ititense when the
wives are sisters.
Pic. Bib.;

k (Momentarily.)
Moses was an-
gry Le. 10, 16.
...Jacob put Ra-
chel and Josepli
hinderniost. Ch.
3.3,2. (And) he
set a pillar upon
her grave. Ch.
35, 20.

A.M. 3573. 1
B.C. 1868. f

GENESIS.

f GEir. 29, 12.
1 30,29.

nfStic/i thinf/.ifinp-
pen to this it'll/ iti
Jiidia and Vhiiin,
o/trn with tlie full
concurrtiict; and
eiTii at the request
o/tlit lawful wife,
wheit she is her-
self sterile, or
wlien her children
fire deiul, nnd she
hiis censed to hope
for nu>re. Pic.
IHb.) Ch. 16, 2.

p Ilc'b., l>« huilthy
her.

9 That is,Judt/ing.

■ l\ch., tcrestUngs
of God. C\i.23,6.

I Tlmt is. Ml/
tcrestlinff (cfilled,
Mnt.4, 13, A'ci>/i-
thalim).

<tiThatis,n Troop
or Company. Is.
05, 11. (The most
approved render-
ing of this word
is, as an excla-
mation of Leah's,
" good luek." So
Rcckc's Bible,
1549.)

\\lcb. , In mt/hap-
piness.

I Pr. 31, 28. Lu.
1,48.

>li That is, Happy.

w The mandrakes
(five a .snu'U...
Ca. 7, 13. (Pro-
bahly the ntropa
niaiidragora. It
aliounds in Gali-
lee andyieUls ripe
fruit in May,
which attains the
size and is of the
colour of a small
apple, ruddy, and
of a most agree-
able odour. It
was supposed to
possess certain
virtues in a.isist-
ing productive
conception. I'ic.
Bib.)

I in God's stead, who hath witlihcld
fi'om tliee tlie, finiit of tlio womb ?"

•'And she said, " Behold my maid
Bilhah, go in unto her ;'" and she
shall bear upon my knees, that I
may also have/" children by her."

^And she gave him IMlliah her
handmaid to wife : aiid Jacob went
in unto her. '^And Hilliah conceived,
and bare .Tacob a son.

"And Kachel said, "God hath
judged me, and hath also heard my
voice, and hath given me a son :"

Therefore called she his name Dan.'

^And l^ilhah l^ichel's maid con-
ceived again, and bare Jacob a second
son.

^And Rachel said, "With greaf
wrestlings have I wrestled with my
sister, and I have prevailed :"

And she called his name Naph-
tali."

^ When Leah saw that she had left
bearing, she took Zilpah her maid,
and gave her Jacob to wife. ^*^And
Zilpah Leah's maid bare Jacob a son.

^^ And Leah said, " A troop Com-
eth :"

And she called his name Gad.*^

^'■^And Zilpah Leah's maid bare
Jacob a second son.

^^ And Leah said, " Happy x am
I, for the daughters will call me
blessed :"'

And she called his name Asher.'''

^"•And Reuben went in the days
of wheat harvest, and found man-
drakes" in the field, and brought
them unto his mother Leah.

Then Rachel said to Leah, "Give
me, I pray thee, of thy son's man-
drakes."

^°And she said unto her, " Is it a
small matter that thou hast taken my
husband ? and woiUdest thou take
away my son's mandrakes also?"

And Rachel said, " Therefore he
shall lie with thee to night for thy
son's mandrakes."

^^And Jacob came out of the field

in the evening, and Leah went out
to meet him, and said, " Thou must
come in unto me ; for surely I have
hired thee with my son's mandrakes."
And he lay with her that night.

*"And (iod hearkened imto [-.eah,
and she conceived, and bare JucoIj
the fifth son.

^*^And Leah said, "God hath given
me my hire, because I have given
my maiden to my husband :"

And she called his name Issa-
char."

*^And Leah conceived again, and
bare Jacob the sixth son.

^"And Leah said, "God hath en-
dued me xcith a good dowry ; now
will my hu.sband dwell with me, be-
cause I have bom him six sons :"^

And she called his name Zebulun.')'

'■^^And afterwards she bare a daugh-
ter, and called her name Dinah.*

^And God remembered"* Rachel,
and God hearkened to her, and opened
her womb. "'^'^And she conceived,
and bare a son ; and said, " God hath
taken away my reproach :''" -^and she
called his name Joseph ;' and said,
" The Loud shall add to me another
son."^

A.M. 3573. B.C. 1868. Haran. TOO

Lallan's agreement with Jacob for seven years \_^^
iiwre service. Its results.

^AND it came to pass, when
Rachel had born Joseph, that Jacob
said unto Laban, " fcjend me away,
that I may go unto mine own place,
and to my country. ^'^Glve vie my
wives and my children, for whom I
have served thee, and let me go : for
thou knowest my service which I
have done thee."

'■^^And Laban said unto him, "I
pray thee, if I have found favour in
thine eyes, tarry: for I have learned
by experience that the Loud hath
blessed me for thy sake."" — 28^\„(|
he said, " Appoint me thy wages,''
and I will give //."

'■^•'And he said unto him, "Thou
knowest how I have served'' thee, and

o That is, nn//i;'t;.

j3 (In the East to
be without sons
is regn rded as
not only a mis-
fortune, but a dL<i-
grncetoa woman;
and her hold On
the affections of
her husband, and
her standing as
his wife, are of a
very feeble des-
cription. Pic.
Bib.)

y That is, Dwell-
ing, called Mat.
4, 13 Zabulon.

6 That is. Judg-
ment.

m 1 Sa. 1, Ih, 19.

n 1 Sa. 1, 7. Is.
4, 1. Lu. 1, 25.

e That is, Adding.

f(As:e of Jacob
at the birth of
his sons, —

lieuben 78

Simeon 80

Levi 82

Judah 83

Dan 84

Xaphtali &5

Gad 8C

Asher S7

Issachar 88

Ze.hulun 8St

Dinah 90

Joseph 91

Jienjamin . ...104
Ualcs.;

oCh.39, 3,5. See
ch. 26, 24.

J7 (In hire there is
nothing improper,
or diseredilalil. .
The Iy>rd .lays.
I will be a swift
witness apiinst
those that op-
])n'ss the hire-
linKinhiswagos.
Mai. 3,5.)

/) Not purloininK.
bnt shewing all
nm.d fidelity...
Tit. 2, 10.

GEN. 30, 29. 1

31, 34. r

GENESIS.

fA.M. 3580.
t B.C. 1861.

e Ileb., broken
forth.

I lleb., at my foot.

q Ps. 37, 6.

K Ileb., to-morrow.
lix. 13, 14.

\ (Jacob agreed to
take, pro.'tptctivtly
the pa it y-colour-
edj'or his wages.)

y. (Therefore Ja-
cob commKticed k is
service to Labaii
loith a flock that
did not contain a
single animal of
the description of
those to which he
might be entitled,
Clarke.)

I' (This sort of
measurement is,
from the nature
of the thing, very
fluctuating & un-
certain. The ave-
rage most com-
monly given for
a day" s journey is
180 stadia, about
23 miles. Pic.
Uib.)

f (Dr. Boyle says,
" From the simi-
larity of the //«-
breio name dib-
\\ch)to the Arabic
(llibiip), and by
the Sept. having
translated it by
styra.x, it seems
most probable
that the storax
tree is intended.
It is capable of
yielding white
vmnds as well as
the poplar.)

0 Ileb., luz. In
the Arabic, louz
denotes the al-
mond. Royle.

IT (The balance of
critical opinio?!
inclines to con-
sider this as the
plane tree. It
loves to grmv
where the soil ii
rich and humid.
The stem is tall,
erect, and covered
with a smooth
bark. Bib. Cyc.^

p Rather, pair &
paired. Ver. 39.

how thy cattle was with me. '"^^ Foi'
it was little which thou hadst before
I came., and it is notv increased^ unto
a multitude ; and the Lord hath
blessed thee since*^ my coming : and
now A\hen shall I provide for mine
own liouse also ?"

31 And he said, " AVhat shall I
give thee?"

And Jacob said, " Thou shalt not
give me any thing : if thou wilt do
this thing for me, I will again feed
and keep thy flock. ^"^I will pass
through all thy flock to day, remov-
ing fi-om thence all the speckled and
spotted cattle, and all the brown cat-
tle among the sheep, and the spotted
and speckled among the goats : and
of such shall be my hire. ^■^So shall
my righteousness? answer for me in
time" to come, when it shall come
for my hire before thy face : every
one that is not speckled and spotted
among the goats, and brown among
the sheep, that shall be counted stolen
with me."^

34 And Laban said, "Behold, I
would it might be according to thy
word."

35 And he removed that day the
he- goats that were ringstraked and
spotted, and all the she-goats that
were speckled and spotted, and every
one that had so7ne white in it, and
all the bi'own among the sheep, and
gave theni into the hand of his sons.*^
3^ And he set three days'*' journey
betwixt himself and Jacob : and Ja-
cob fed the rest of Laban' s flocks.

3'^And Jacob took him rods of green
poplai*,^ and of tlie hazel" and ches-
nut'' tree ; and pilled white strakes
in them, and made the white appear
which was in the rods. 38^\jj(j j^^
set the rods which he had pilled be-
fore the flocks in the gutters in the
watering troughs when the flocks
came to drink, that they should con-
ceivcP when they came to drink.
3^ And the flocks concf^ivcdP before
the rods, and brought forth cattle

ringstraked, speckled, and spotted.^
4*^ And Jacob did separate the lambs,
and set the faces of the flocks toward
the ringstraked,'' and all the brown
in the flock of Laban ; and he put
his own flocks by themselves, and
put them not unto Laban' s cattle.
^^And it came to pass, whensoever
the stronger" cattle did conceive, that
Jacob laid the rods before the eyes
of the cattle in the gutters, that they
might conceive among the rods. *^ But
when the cattle were feeble," he put
them not in : so the feebler were
Laban' s, and the stronger Jacob's.
"^3 And the man increased exceedingly,
and had much cattle, and maid- ser-
vants, and men-servants, and camels,
^^^,7-|- -| and asses, ^ And he heard
•^^^^^^•J the words of Laban' s sons,
saying, " Jacob hath taken away all
that was our ftither's ; and of that
which was our father's hath he gotten
all this glory."

2 And Jacob beheld the countenance''
of Laban, and, behold, it was not
toward him as before.*^

A.M. 3580. B.C. 1861. MizpAH.
Jacob, by the command of God, leaves Haran.

[39

3 AND the Lord said unto Jacob,
" Return unto the land of thy fathers,
and to thy kindred; and 1 will be
with thee.""

* And Jacob sent and called Rachel
and Leah to the field unto his flock,
•''and said unto them, "I see your
father's countenance, that it is not
toward me as before ; but the God of
my father hath been ^\\i\\ me. ^And
ye know that with all my power' I
have served your father, ^and your
father hath deceived me, and changed
my wages ten" times ; but God suf-
fered him not to hurt me." ^If he
said thus, 'The speckled shall be
thy wages ;' then all the cattle bare
speckled : and if he said thus, ' The
ringstraked shall be thy hire ;' then
bare all the cattle ringstraked. ^Thus
(iod hath taken away the cattle of
your father, and given them to me.*"

s (It is not neces-
sary to look for
a miracle here ;
for though the
fact has not been
accountedfor, the
effect does not ex-
ceed the jmwers of
nature. Clarke.)

T (These must have
been born 'since
theagreement was
mode, and Jacob
makes use of
them precisely
as he used the
pilled rods.
Clarke.)

V (This is more
properly early &
late. The young
that are born in
the very com-
mencement of
spring, are every
way more valua-
ble than those
which are born
later. Jacob,
therefore, avoided
these late pro-
duced cattle, be-
cause he knew
these would pro-
duce a degenerate
breed. TTtis
proves a consum-
mate knowledge
in Jacob of his
pastoral office.
Clarke.)

r (It was evil to-
wards) him, as
De. 28, 54.) Cain
was very ■Nrrotb,
and his counte-
nance fell. Ch.
4, 5.

<^ Ilcb., as yester-
day and the dtiy
before. lSa.l9,
7.

sCh. 28, 15,20,21.

t Not with eye-
service. ..but...
with good will
diiiiiK service as
to the Lord. ..Ep
6,6.

u Ver. 41. Nu
14, 22. Ne. 4,
12. .Job 19, 3
Zee. 8, 23.

V For the Lord
loveth judgment
...Ps. 37, 6.

w Pr. 13, 22.

A.M. 3580. 1

B.C. 1861. ;

GENESIS.

i OEN. 30, 29.
I 81, 34.

X Or, he-goats.

X I.C. 19, 13.

V Cli. 32, 9.

i// (Thf JiiughtiTS
of iMbtin coHsi-
deretl their fa-
ther'a barijain
with Jacob as
very disaiivanta-
ijeoas to them, in-
atmiich as it quite
overlooked the
provision of a
settlement which
is usually made
for females at the
time of marriage.
IaiIhiu's bargain
had been ejcclu-
sively for h is own
personal advan-
tage. Pic. Bib.)

It (The degree of
change in the mi-
gration of a no-
made tribe of the
present day, whe-
th'r Arabian or
Tartar, extends
no further than
to the more war-
like character
which the tribes
now assume in
their journies.
The sheep and
goats lead the van,
and are followed
by the camels and
p-rhaps asses,
laden more or less
with the property
of the community.
The chief himself
brings up the rear.
I'ic. nib.)

1 (irhich he had
placed three days'
journey from
those of Jacob.
th.30, 36.)

/3 llfb., leraphim.
( The passages of
Scripture in which
they are mention-
ed seem to inti-
mate that they
were not idols in
the worst sense of
the word, no pri-
mary worship be-
ing rendered to
them. Pic. Bih.)
See ve. 30. Ju.
17, ."), and 18,
.5, 24, 31. 1 Sa.
lit, 1.3. Ho. 3, 4.
/..•c. 10, 2. (They
were afterwards
put awny by Ja-
cob. Ch. 35, 2.)

y Ileb., the heart
of Laixtn.

S (And Jacob de-
luded Laban the
%ri<?»i in that hi-
told him nothing,
for he was ab-
sconding. Ka-
phall.)

*°And it came to pass at the time
that the cattle conceived, that I lifted
up mine eyes, and saw in a dream,
and, behold, the ramsx wliich leaped
upon the cattle were ringstraked,
speckled, and gvislod. ^^And the
Angel of God spake unto mc in a
dream, saying., ' Jacob :' and I said,
' Here am I.' i^^Vnd He said, ' Lift
up now thine eyes, and see, all the
rams which leap upon the cattle are
ringstraked, speckled, and gi-isled :
for 1 have seen all that Laban doeth
unto thee.^ ^^I am the God of Beth-
el, where thou anointedst the pillar,
and where thou vowcdst a vow unto
Me : now arise, get thee out from
this land, and return unto the land
of thy kindred.' ''J'

^^And Rachel and Leah answered
and said unto him, " Is there yet
any portion or inheritance for us in
our father's house? ^^Are we not
counted of him strangers ? for he
hath sold us, and hath quite devoured
also our money. *'' For all the riches
which God hath taken from our fa-
ther, that is our's, and our children's i"^
now then, Avhatsoevcr God hath said
unto thee, do."

^^Thcn Jacob rose up, and set his
sons and his wives upon camels ;"
^^and he earned away all his cattle,
and all his goods which he had gotten,
the cattle of his getting, which he had
gotten in Padan-aram, for to go to
Isaac his father in the land of Canaan.

^^And Laban went to shear his
sheep :» and Rachel had stolen the
images^ that were her father's.

^ And Jacob stole away unawaresv
to Laban the Syrian, in that he told
him not that lie fled.* 21 1^^ j^g fl^j
with all that he had ; and he rose up,
and passed over the river, and set
his face toward the mount Gilead.

2- And it was told Laban on the
third day that Jacob was fled. '^^ And
he took his brethren with liim, and
pursued after him seven days' jour-

ney ; and they overtook him in the
mount Gilead.

'■^*And God came to Laban the Sy-
rian in a dream by night, and said
imto him, " Take heed that thou
speak not to Jacob either good or
bad."«

''^•''Then Laban overtook Jacob.
Now Jacob had pitched his tent in
the mount : and Laban with his
brethren pitched in the mount of
G ilead.

'^•^iVnd Laban said to Jacob, "What
hast thou done, that thou hast stolen
away unawares to me, and carried
away my daughters, as captives taken
with the sword ? ^^ Wherefore didst
thou flee away secretly, and steaK
away fi-om mc ; and didst not tell
me, that I might have sent thee away
with mirth, and with songs, with ta-
bret, and with harp?' '-^^And hast
not suft'ered mc to kiss'^ my sons') and
my daughters ? thou hast now done
foolishly in so doing. "'It is In the
power of my hand to do you hurt :
but the God of your father ;^pake
unto me yesternight, saying, ' Take
thou heed that thou speak not to Ja-
cob either good or bad.' ^^xVnd now,
though thou wouldst needs be gone,
because thou sore longedst after thy
father's liouse, yet wherefore hast
thou stolen my gods?"

^^And Jacob answered and said
to Laban, " Because I was afraid :
for I said, Peradventure thou would-
est take by force thy daughters from
me. *- With whomsoever thou find-
est thy gods, let him not live : before
our brethren discern thou what is
thine with me, and take it to thee."

I'^or Jacob knew not that Kachel
had stolen them.

^'And Laban went into Jacob's
tent, and into Leah's tent, and into
the two maid-servants' tents ; but he
found them not. Then went he (uit
(if Leah's tent, and entered into Ra-
chel's tent.*

^ Now Kachel had taken the images,

« ^\^•h., from guoil
to bad.

f Ileb., hast stolen
vie.

z ...BuminR lips
anil a wicked
heart are like a
potslierd cover-
ed witli silver
dross. Pr. 26, 23.

a Ve. 55. Ex. 4,
27. Ku. 1,9, 14.

1 Ki. 19, 20. Ac.
20, 37.

17 (Grandsons and
arandd*iu'/htcr8.
See Ch. 29, 5.

2 Sa. 19, 20.)

0 (The patriarchal
tents were proba-
bly such as we
now see in Ara-
bia, of an oblong
shape, and eight
or ten feet high
in the midttle.
They vary in site,
and have, accord-
ingly, a greater
or less numlier of
poles to support
them, from three
to nine. An en-
campment is ge-
nerally arranged
circuhirly, form-
ing an enclosure,
within which the
cattle are driven
at night, and the
centre of which is
occupied by the
tent or tents of
the Emir or Sheik.
Kitto'sJSifc.Cyc.;

GEN. 31, 34. 1
32, 26. i

GENESIS.

( A.M. 3580.
"( B.C. 1861.

(Perhaps Rachel
kid the imnyes
under the hesar,
which consists of
carpets, cloaks,
cloths, <S:c.,heapi'd
upon the pack-
snddle to form <i
comfortahle seal.
These things on:
ii/ivays taken oj}'
at the end of a
day's journey, d:
III in If laid on the
(/round, serve as
a sort of mattress
in the tent. Pic.
Bib.)

K lleh., felt.

\ (This apology
was very neces-
sary according to
existing usages &
feelings in the
East, which in-
culcate the great-
est external de-
ference on the
part of children
to their jio,rents.
Pic. Bib.)

IX n<ib.,feU.

(The people in
the East rarely
eat the ewes, ex-
cept vihen barren.
Pic. Bib.)

// If it be torn in
pieces, then kt
him bring it fur
witness, and he
shall not make
goiid tliat whicli
wa.s toni. Ex.
22, 13. (For this

purpose) the

shepherd taketli
out of themoiitli
of the lion two
legs, or a piece
of an ear.. .Am.
3, 12.

c If it bo stolen
from him he
shall make resti-
tution unto the
owner thereof.
i;.\. 22, 12.

f (Throughout
iVestern A sia,
when the nights
liecome positively
cold, while the
days remain ex-
tremely inarm, the
rapid alternation
is most distress-
ing, to those who
are expo.ied to its
full influence in
the opi'H nir.
I'ic. Bib.)

K'h.29, 32. Ex.
?j, 7. De. 26, 7.

e t Chr. 12, 17.
.Jude9.

and put them in the camel's fm*-
nitiire, and sat' upon them. And
Laban searched" all the tent, but
found them not. ^^And she said to
her father, " Let it not displease my
lord that I cannot i-ise up before thee;^
for the custom of women is upon
me."

And he searched, but found not
the images.

^^ And Jacob was wroth, and chode
^^'ith Laban : and Jacob answered and
said to Laban, " What is my tres-
pass ? what is my sin, that thou hast
so hotly pursued after me? ^^ Where-
as tliou hast searched'* all my stuff,
what hast thou found of all thy house-
hold stuff? set it here before my
brethren, and thy brethren, that they
may judge betwixt vis both. ^^This
twenty years have I been with thee ;
thy ewes and thy she- goats have not
cast their young, and the rams" of
thy flock have I not eaten. ^^That
which was torn of beasts I brought
not unto thee ; I bare the loss of it ;*
of my hand didst thou require it,
whether stolen*^ by day, or stolen by
night. '^ Thus I was ;f in the day
the drought consumed me, and the
frost by night ; and my sleep de-
parted from mine eyes. ^^ Thus have
I been twenty years in thy house ; I
served thee fourteen years for thy
two daughters, and six years for thy
cattle : and thou hast changed my
wages ten times. ^^ Except the God
of my father, the God of Abraham,
and the fear of Isaac, had been with
me, surely thou hadst sent me away
now empt3\ God hath seen mine
affliction'^ and the labour of my hands,
and rebuked*^ thee yesternight."

*^And Laban answered and said
unto Jacob, " These daughters are
my daughters, and these children are
my children, and these cattle are my
cattle, and all that tliou scest is
mine : and what can I do tliis day
unto these my daughters, or unto
their children which they have born ?

•^^Now therefore come thou, let us
make a covenant, I and thou ; and
let it be for a witness/ between me
and thee."

''^And Jacob took a stone, and set
it \\\) for a pillar. "^^And Jacob said
unto his brethren, " Gather stones ;"
and they took stones, and made an
heap : and they did eat there upon
the heap. ^''And Laban called it
Jegar-sahadutha :^ but Jacob called
it Galeed.°

**^And Laban said, "This heap is
a witness between me and thee this
day." — Therefore was the name of it
called Galeed; ^^and Mizpah ;'^ for
he said, " The Lord watch between
me and thee, when we are absent
one fi'om another. ^°If thou shalt
afflict my daughters, or if thou shalt
take other wives beside^ my daugh-
ters, no man is with us ; see, God is
witness betwixt me and thee." ^^ And
Laban said to Jacob, " l^chold this
heap, and behold this pillar, which
I have cast betwixt me and thee ;
^-this heap be witness, and this pillar
be witness, that I will not pass over
this heap to thee, and that thou shalt
not pass over this heap and this pillar
unto me, for harm. ^^The God of
Abraham, and the God of Nahor, the
G od of their father, judge betwixt us,"

And Jacob sware by the fear of
his father Isaac.

^^Then Jacob offeredP sacrifice upon
the mount, and called his brethren
to eat bread :'' and they did eat bread,
and tarried all night in the mount.
•''•'"'And early in the morning Laban
rose up, and kissed his sons and his
daughters, and blessed^ them : and
Laban departed, and returned unto
his place.

YWJT 1 A.M. 3.580. B.C. 1861. rj A
■^■^■^ »--'-■»■ -J Maiianaim (beyond the Jor- L^'^
dan, N. of the River Jabbok).
tjarob, nolo penitent, has his
name changed from a Sup-
planter to a Prince of God.

ND Jacob went on his way,*
and the angels of God met him.

/ .Toshna said....
this stone. ..hath
heard all the
words of the
Lord which lie
spake inito ns ;
it shall he there
fore a witness
unto V0U.....J0S.
21, 27."

f That is, The
heap of witness.
Chald.

0 Galeed, that is,
27*6- haip of wit-
ness, lleb.

TT That is, A bea-
con, or, watch
tower, (ft became
o town or citi/ in
Gilenil. SeeJud.
10, 17, and 11,
11,34. H0S.5, 1.
This must not be
confounded with
3Hzpeh of Gilead.
Ju. 11, 29.)

g ...In (their) life
time...Le.l8, 18.

p Or, killed beasts.

h Jetliro, Moses'
father in law,
took a burnt of-
fering and sacri-
fices for God :
and Aaron came,
and all the elders
of Israel, to eat
bread with (him)
before God. Ex.
18, 12.

i When a man's
ways please the
Lord,Ilemaketh
even his enemies
to be at peace
with bini. Pr.
16, 7.

k ...Because thou
hast made. ..the
Most High thy
lialiitati(jn....Ile
shall give His
angels charge
over thee, to keep
thee in all thy
ways. Ps.91, 11.

A.M. 3680. 1
B.C. 1861. t

GENESIS.

f GEN. 31,34.
( 32, 26.

/ Jos. 5, 14. Ps.
103, -21, and 14«,
■2. Lii. 2, 13.

t That Is, Two
hosts or camfis.
(.1 town near the
Slime sit« a/ter-
u'lirils bore this
niiiiie. H was in
the territfiry of
the tribe of Gmt.)

.I..S. 13, ao, ;it),

and '21, as. aSa.
•2. 8, ami 17, ii,
•27.

T (The land of
J'^bmt or Mount
S,ir, I)e. 2, 5;
.l«.s. 24, 4, on the
S.K. frontier of
I'lilrstine, prnlxi-
hb/ comprised the
muuut/iinous dis-
tricts noio called
Ksh-Shtrnh and
Jebal. The prin-
cipal cities were
Sel.t.orPttra.The-
mnn and Dottzra.
(.■11.36, 7,8.)

I. II.1..././7.

m ...Yii'lilin?? jia-
lilii'th firoat of-
tV-tices. Ec. 10, 4.

<^ (It does not ap-
ptiir that Esau in
this meeting hnil
an;/ hostile inten-
tion, but teas real-
ly coming with a
part of his ser-
vants or tribe to
do his brother ho-
nour. Clarke.)

n Ch. 27. 41.
o Vs. 50, 15.

X Hcb., / am less
than all, Jcc.

P I'r. 18, 19.

i// Hob., upon.

q 1 Sa. 15, 29.

r I'r. 18, 16.

tit (This valuable
gift was remark-
able for the va-
riety of the spe-
ciis, anil for t/ie
prope r proport ion
of nude and fe-
nmle animals. It
is probable that
Esau, considering
his habits and the
nature of his re-
sidence, had but
little cattle of his
own, which would
render doubly ac-
ceptable such a
present as Jacob
had sel-cted.
Pic. liib.)

'■^ And when .Jacob saw them, lie said,
"This is God's host :'" and he calU-d
the name of that place Mahanaim.*

^And .Jacob sent mossongcrs before
him to Ksau Ids brother unto the
land of Seir,'' the countrv" of Edom.
^And he cominaiided tliem, sayinp:,
" Tims shall ye speak unto my lord
Esau; Thy servant'" Jacob saith thus,
' I have sojourned with Laban, and
stayed there until now : ^ and I have
oxen, and asses, flocks, and men-ser-
vants, and women- servants : and I
have sent to tell my lord, that I may
find grace in thy sight.' "

''And the messengers retm'ned to
Jacob, saying, " We came to thy
brother Esau, and also he cometh to
meet thee, and four hundred men
with him."*

^ 'J'lu'u Jacob was greatly afraid
and distressed :" and he divided the
peo})le that was with him, and the
flocks, and herds, and the camels,
into two bands ; ^and said, "If lisau
come to the one company, and smite
it, then the other company which is
left shall escape." — '■'And Jacob said,"
" 0 God of my father Abraham, and
God of my father Isaac, the Loud
which saidst unto me, ' Ixeturn unto
thy country, and to thy kindred, and
I will deal well with thee:' ^"^I am
not worthyx of the least of all the
mercies, and of all the truth, which
Thou hast shewed unto Thy servant ;
for with my stafi^" I passed over this
Jordan ; and now I am become two
bands. ^UJeliver me, I pray Thee,
from the hand of my brother, from
the hand of Esau :'' for I fear him,
lest he will come and smite me, and
the mother with''' the children. ^'^And
Thou? saidst, ' I will surely do thee
good, and make thy seed as the sand
of the sea, which cannot be numbered
for multitude.' "

^^And he lodged there that same
night ; and took of that which came
to his hand a presenf for Esau his
brother ;" i"*two hundred she-goats.

and twenty he-goats, two hundred
ewes, and twenty rams, *" thirty
iiiileh" camels with their colts, forty
kine, and ten bulls, twenty she-asses,
and ten foals. ^''And he delivered
t/iciii into the hand of his servants,
every drove by themselves ; and said
unto his servants, " I'ass over before
me, and put a sjjace betwixt drove
and drove." — ^"^And he commanded
the foremost, saying, " When Esau
my brother meeteth thee, and asketh
thee, saying, ' Whose «;V thou? and
whither goest thou? and whose are
these before thee?' '^then thou shalt
say, '■Tlwy be thy servant Jacob's;
it is a present sent unto my lord
Esau : and, behold, also he is behind
us.' "

^^ And so commanded he the second,
and the third, and all that followed
the droves, saving, "On this manner
shall ye speak luito Esau, when ye
find him. '-^^^And say ye moreover,
' liehold, thy servant Jacob is behind
us.' " Eor he said, " I will appease
him Avith the present' that goeth be-
fore me, and afterward I will see his
face ; peradventure he will accept of
me."^

^^ So went the present over before
him : and himself lodged that night
in the company. ^^And he rose up
that night, and took his two wives,
and his two women-servants, and his
elcAcn sons, and passed over the ford
.Jabbok.v '^''And he took them, and
sent^ them over the brook, and sent
over that he had.

2' And Jacob was left alone; and
there AATCstled a Man with him until
the breaking* of the day. '^And
when He saw that lie ])revailed not
against him. He touched tlu; hollow
of his thigh ; and the hollow of Ja-
cob's thigh was out of joint, as he
wrestled with Him.^

'^*^And He said, "Let me go, for
the day breaketh."

And he said, " I will not let Thee
go, except Thou bless me."

a C I 'alunhUt on ac-
count of their
m ilk, wh ich forms
a prominent ar-
ticle in the diet
of the A rabs.
They drink it ei-
ther f'ri-sh or sour.
Pic' Bill.)

i .V pift ill sooret
pacifiofli augur,
and a ruwnnj in
tbebosdiiiKtrniif;
wraHi. Pr.21, 14.

/3 llcb., mi/ face.
Jub 42, 8, 9.

y (One of the
streams whichlra-
verse the country
en-It of the Jordan,
and which, after
a course nearly
from K. to If,
falls into that
river about thirty
miles bfloic the
lAike of Titierias.
It seems to rise in
thi llaurnn moun-
tains. The water
is pleasant. It is
now called the
Zcrka. llib.Cvc.)
I).'. 3, 16. Jos.
12, 2.

S II pb., caused to

pass.

e II eb., aaeending
of the morning.

f (.Tacnb proved the
stronger when
they atntendftl to-
getlu-r as men ;
and this having
l*een shewn, the
Angel., by putting
forth sui>enii'tu-
ral power, di.i-
<■/(>.»'■</ to Jacob
the heavenly cha-
racter of the Be-
ing who contended
with him. Pic.
Kill. Hut it might
have been a
dream, accompa-
nied by a sense
of pain.)

GEN. 32, 27. 1
34, 22. ]"

GENESIS.

f A.M. 3580.

B.C. 1851.

Ti (A Taker hy the
hfel — a Siipplan-
ter.) Ch. :», 10.
2 Ki. 17, at.

e That is, A
prince of God.

t Ry his

strciiffth he had
power witli God:
(was a prince, or,
behaved himself
princely ;) yea,
he liad power
over the Angel,
and prevailed :
he wept, & made
supplication un-
to Him. Ho. 12,
.3, 4. Jno. 1, 47.

II Seeing it is

secret (or, won-
ikrful, Is. 9, 6).
Ju. 13, 18.

I That is. The
face of God.

V Thou canst not
see My face ; for
there shall no
man see Me and
live. Ex.33, 20,
and 24, 11. De.
5, 24. Ju. 6, 22,
and 13, 22. Is.
6,5.

K (The tribe of
Gad in after-
limes huilt a city
on or near this
.spot. See Ju. 8,
17. 1 Ki. 12, 25 )

\ (De Sola states
that the sinew
which, as the pro-
hibited sinew that
shrank, is extract-
ed from t)ie legs
of animals used
as food by the
Jews, is the ischi-
atic muscle, which
proceeds down-
wards by the hip
to the ancle.)

n .....Tacoh loved
l;ar!iil more
than Lcah...C'h.

2'.), ;!<i and...

.Icjsiph more
than all his chil-
dren...Ch. 37, 3.

c I's. 34, 4.

IJ. (It is cvstom/iry
in the Kast for
i-.Uler brothers to
be treated by the
younger with
great respect.)

V Heb., to thee J

27 And He said unto him, "What
is thy name '?"

And he said, " Jacob."''

^'^And He said, "Thy name shall
be called no more Jacob, but Israel •?
for as a prince hast thou power with
God and with men, and hast pre-
vailed.'"

^ And Jacob asked Hhn^ and said,
" Tell ???e, I pray thee, Thy name."

And He said, " Wherefore is it
tlxat thou dost ask after My name?""

And He blessed him there.

^•^And Jacob called the name of
the place Peniel :' "for I have seen
God fiice to face, and my life is pre-
served.""

^^And as he passed over Penuel*
the sun rose upon him, and he halted
upon his thigh. ^'^ Therefore the
children of Israel eat not cj/'the sinew^
w'hich shrank, which is upon the hol-
low of the thigh, unto this day : be-
cause He touched the hollow of Ja-
cob's thigh in the sinew that shrank.

YYYTTT 1 A.M. 3580. B.C. 1861. r^ 1

^*-^»--^-'-'--'-' J Near the Kiver Jabbok. |_^ J-
Esaxis frank forgiveness of
his brother Jacob.

AND Jacob lifted up his eyes, and
looked, and, behold, Esau came,
and with him four hundred men. And
he divided the children unto Leah,
and unto Kachel, and unto the two
handmaids. ^ ^\„j },g p^^- ^}^g hand-
maids and their children foremost,
and Leah and her children after, and
Rachel and Joseph hindermost."' ^And
he passed over before them, and
bowed-* himself to the gi-ound seven'^
times, until he came near to his bro-
ther.

*And Esau ran to meet him, and
embraced him, and fell on his neck,
and kissed him : and they wept.
^And he lifted up his eyes, and saw
the women and the children ; and
.said, " Who a/'c those with" thee?"

And he said, " The children which
God hath graciously given thy ser-
vant."

^Then the handmaidens came near,
they and their children, and they
bowed themselves. ''^And Leah also
with her children came near, and
bowed themselves : and after came
Joseph near and Rachel, and they
bowTd themselves.

^And he said, " What^ vieanest
thou by all this drove which I met?"

And he said, " These are to find
gi'ace in the sight of my lord."

^ And Esau said, " I have enough,
my brother; keep" that thou hast
unto thyself."

^•^ And Jacob said, "Nay, I pray
thee, if now I have found grace in
thy sight, then receive my present
at my hand : for therefore I have
seen th}^ face,3' as though I had seen
the face of God, and thou wast pleased
with me. ^^Take, I pray thee, my
blessing'^ that is brought to thee ;
because God hath dealt gi'aciously
w ith me, and because I have enough. '>

And he urged him, and he took iV

^^And he said, "Let us take our
journey, and let us go, and I will go
before thee."

^^And he said unto him, "My
lord knoweth that the children are
tender, and the flocks and herds with
young are with me : and if men
should overdrive them one day, all
the flock will die.'' ^'^Let my lord,
I pray thee, pass over before his ser-
vant : and I will lead on softly, ac-
cording" as the cattle that goeth be-
fore me and the children be able to
endure, until I come unto my lord
unto Seir.""^

^^And Esau said, " Let me now
leavex with thee some of the folk that
are with me."

And he said, " What necdeth"^ it ?
let me find grace in the sight of my
lord."

^*'So Esau returned that day on
his \\a,j unto Seir.

^7 And Jacob journeyed to Succoth,
and built him an house, and made
booths for his cattle : therefore the

I Heb., What is
all this band to
thee i (Ksau liad
forgotten all his
injuries, i& buried
all his resent-
ment; c£- receives
his brother with
the strongest de-
monstration, ve.
4, not only of for-
giveness, but of
fraternal affec-
tion. Clarke.)

0 Heb., be that to
thee that is thine.

yCh. 43, 3. 2 Sa.
3, 13, and 14, 24,
28,32. Mat.18,10.

n (Or, present,

1 Sa. 2.% 27,
mar. and 30, 26.)

2 Ki. 5, 15.

p Heb., all things.
riii. 4, 8.

9 (Jacob was aware
that for a supe
rior to receive a
present from an
inferior, was a
well-undi'rstood
pledge of friend-
ship. Pic. Bib.)

T (At the present
day, in the East,
a day's stage with
numerous Jlocks is
necessarily short,
and the pace easy;
the laden beasts
are usually fol-
lowed by the elder-
ly men, the womrn,
and the children,
who are mostly on
foot. The very
young children
are carried on the
backs or in the
arms of their mo-
thers, who are
sometimes Tnount-
ed with their in-
fants on the light-
Ill laden beasts.
i'ic. Bib.)

V Heb., according
to the foot of the
work, itc, and ac-
cording to the foot
of the children.

<j) (It is likely that
circumstances af-

tiriror,l.'i<„r„rrrd
llml n ml. r<dUiis

1 illii I- iiiijn-iiper
or inijirii' ticahli-.
Clark.^) See
Ch. 36, 8.

X Heb., set, or,
place.

\ji Heb., Where-
fore is this f

A.M. 3503. 1
B.C. 1848. i

GENESIS.

J GEN. 32, 27.
( 34, 22.

w Tent.t, or Itootlia.
(It wiin, iind in,
unusual in thi
Kn.it to put tlf
Jtocks ami hfr<h
undercover. Thetj
remain night and
dn;i, winter ami
summer, in the
Often nir. Pic.
\\\h.) .Ios.1.3, 27.
.hi. 8,5. I's.GO,
0.

a Or, came .inf,hi
tothe cili/ofSh'-
chem. Cnllcd,
Ac. 7, 1(5, .S'.v-
cfiem. (Xeithcr
our most earhj
nor most modern
versions render
Shalem here ns a
proper name. Poe
Ac. 7, 16. .Jos.
24, 1. Ju. 9, 1.)

3 Cnllod, Ac. 7,
l(i, JCmmor.

y Or. Inmhs. (Al-
thoxit/h the word
kositah signifies
a Inmh, yet it is
likeli/ that pieces
of silver are
meant, good anil
just.from the root

r:r;?knsat(™(A,

equilg. Pic. Hih.
ftut see Ge.'tenius.
The word for
truth is writtrti
Ctfp Kesitftli
profifihly comes
from z,^ to
weigh out.
So pccunia is re-
garded hy some
as derived from
pocus, po.isihhj
heal use coins mere
at some remote
period stamped
with the figures
of cattle.)

5 That is, God, the
God of Israel.

t (At this time a-
Ixiut 15 years old.
Jackson, i., 131.)

! Tit. 2, 5.

f Heb., humbled
her. Ve. 22, 29.

ijlleb., to thf heart
of the dttmsel.
See Is. 40, 2.
Ho. 2, 14.

name of tho place is ealU'tl Succoth.*"
''^ And Jacob cainc to Slialcni, a city
of Shcdiciii," which ig in tlic hind of
Canaan, wlu-n he came from I'afhan-
arain ; and jjitclicd hi.s tent before
the city. ^'•'And lie bouj^ht a parcel
of a field, where he had spread his
tent, at tho hand of the children of
llanior,^ Shechcm's father, for an
hnndrcd pieces^ of money. ^^And
he erected there an altar, and called
it Kl-elohe-Israel.*

XXXIV.] --S.,1^^.^^^- [42

The forcible alxluctinn of Dinah.
(Eight years after, De Sola; ten
or twelve years after, Patrick.)

AND Dinah' the daughter of Leah,
which she bare unto .Jacob, went
out to see' the daughters of the land.
'■^And when Shechem the son of Ha-
mor the Hivite, prince of the country,
saw her, he took her, and lay with
her, and defiled^ her. ^And his soul
clave unto Dinah the daughter of
Jacob, and he loved the damsel, and
spake kindly'' unto the damsel.

^And Shechem spake unto his
father Ilamor, saying, "Get me this
damsel to wife."

^x\nd Jacob heard that he had
defiled Dinah his daughter : now his
sons were with his cattle in the field :
and Jacob held his peace* until they
were come.

^And Ilamor the father of She-
chem went out unto .Jacob to com-
mune with him. ''And the sons of
.Jacob came out of the field when
they heard it : and the men were
gi'icved, and they were very wroth,
because he had wrought folly in
Israel in lying with Jacob's daugh-
ter; which tiling ought not to be
done.'

^And Hamor communed with them,
saying, " The soid of my son She-
chem longeth for your daughter : I
pray you give her hira to wife."
"And make ye marriages with us,
a7id give your daughters unto us.

and take our daughters unto you.
^"And ye shall dwi'U with us: and
the land shall be before you ; dwell
and trade ye thiTcin, and get you
possessions therein."

^^And Shechem said unto her father
and unto her brethren, " Let me find
grace in your eyes, and what ye shall
say unto nie I will give. ^'■^Ask me
never so much dowry^ and gift,* and
I will give according as ye shall say
unto nu'. : but give me the damsel to
wife."

^•^Aud the sons of Jacob answered
Shechem and Ilamor his father de-
ceitfully,^ and said, because he had
defiled JJinah their sister: ^^ and they
said unto them, " We cannot do this
thing, to give our sister to one that
is uncircumcised ; for that were a re-
proach unto us : ^"but in this will we
consent unto you : If ye will be as
we be, that every male of you be
circumcised; '*'then will we give our
daughters unto you, and we will take
your daughters to us, and we will
dwell with you, and we will become
one people. ^'^IJut if ye will not
hearken unto us, to be circiuncised ;
then will we take our daughter, and
we will be gone."

^^ And their words pleased Ilamor,
and Shechem Ilamor's son. ^^And
the young man deferred not to do
the thing, because he had delight in
.Jacob's daughter : and he zfnrs more
honom-ablc than all the house of his
father.

^'^And Ilamor and Shechem his
son came unto the gate of their city,
and communed'* with the men of their
city, saying, -"'These men are peace-
able with us; therefore let them dwell
in the land, and trade therein ; for
the land, behold, it is large enough
for them ; let us take their daughters
to us for wives, and let us give them
our daughters. ^-'Only herein will
the men consent unto us for to dwell
with us, to be one people, if every
male among us be circumcised, as

0 (.imong the He.
douins, when a
vuin luis children
hy different wives,
the full hrolliers
of n woman are,
mi/re than her fa-
ther, the special
guardians of lier
welfare, Iter a-
vengera if she lias
been wronged, /ler
punishers if she
errs. Pic. Bib.)

1 (Any stain upon
the honour of n
sister, and especi-
ally of an only
sister, is even at
this (lay consider-
eA as an insup-
portable disgrace
and inejcpiable
offence, among all
the nomadr tribes
of M'rstern Asia.
Kitto' sBib.Cyc.)

K (Partly from
dread of the con-
sequtncA^s of his
misamduct, and
partly, it would
seem, out of love
for the damsel.
Ibid.)

A (The principle
of paying the fa-
ther fur his
daughter is dis-
tinctly recognized
throughout Asia.
Pic. Uib.) 1 Sa.
18,25.

h (He) shall civc
unto tlie (laiii-
S( Is father tifty
sliekels of sil-
ver, & slie shall
be his wife. ..he
may not put Iut
away all his
clavs. De. 22, 29.
Kx. 22, 16, 17.
(liiit as Shechem
was a Canaanite,
no marriage could
be contracted with
him.)

c He that liateth
(lissenihlcth
with hislips,an(l
layeth up deceit
witliin him. I'r.
26, 24. 2 Sa. 13,
24.

fi (Held conversa-
tion with. This
verb, frt(/uent in
the BiUf, and
used hy Milt-on
and iMcke, has
Income almost
obsoUle. Cotton.)

GEN. 34, 22. (
-3,14.]"

36,

GENESIS.

(A.M. 3593.
I B.C. 1848.

■I Wilt thou set
thiuecyes(Heb.,
vyilt thou aiuse
thine eyes to flu)
upon that wliich
is not? for riches
certainly make
themselves
winfTs : they fly
away.as an eagle
toward heaven.
I'r. 23, 5.

f When (Joshua)
had doue circum-
cising all the

people they

abode in their
places in the
camp (three
days) till they
were whole.
Jos. 5, 8. (Dr.
A . Clarke sai/s,
" On the third
(lay, when the in-
flammation was
at the height, and
a fever ensued,
wh ich renderfd
the person utterly
hilj)less.")

IX Ueb., month.

/"Simeon andLevi
are brethren :
instniments of
cruelty are in
their habitati-
ons (or, their
swords are wea-
pons of violence).
O my soul, come
nut thou into
their secret, until
their assembly,
mine honour, be
not thou united :
for in their anger
they slew a man,
and in their self-
will they digged
down a wall (or,
houi/hed oxen).
Ch.' 49, 5, 6.

<7 ...To be abhor-
red...Ex. 5, 21...
had in abomina-
tion...! Sa. 13, 4.

h Ch. 28, 19.

they ore circimicised. ^^ Shall not
their cattle and their substance and
evei'v beast of their's be our's?*^ only
let lis consent unto them, and they
will dwell with us."

^^And unto Ilamor and unto She-
chem his son hearkened all that went
out of the gate of his city; and every
male was circumcised/ all that went
out of the gate of his city.

2^ And it came to pass on the third
day, when they were sore, that two
of the sons of Jacob, Simeon and
Levi, Dinah's brethren, took each
man his sword, and came upon the
city boldly, and slew all the males.
■'^^And they slew Hamor and She-
chem his son with the edge*^ of the
sword, and took Dinah out of She-
chem's house, and went out. ^''The
sons of Jacob came upon the slain,
and spoiled the city, because they
had defiled their sister. ^^They took
their sheep, and their oxen, and their
asses, and that which was in the
city, and that which loas in the field,
^^and all their wealth, and all their
little ones, and their wives took they
captive, and spoiled even all that
was in the house.-^

^'^And Jacob said to Simeon and
Levi, "Ye have troubled me to make
me to stinkv among the inhabitants of
the land, among the Canaanites and
the Perizzites : and I being few in
number, they shall gather themselves
together against me, and slay me ;
and I shall be destroyed, I and my
house."

■^^ And they said, " Should he deal
with our sister as with an harlot?"

VVVV 1 A.M. 3593. B.C. 1848. {AO
^VyS-,A. V .J x-y i^g command of God Ja,x>b \_^^
remx)vea to Beth-el.

AND God said unto Jacob, "Arise,
go up to ]?eth-el,'' and dwell
there : and make there an altar unto
God, that appeared unto thee Avhen
thou fleddest from the face of Esau
thv brother."

2 Then Jacob said unto his house-
hold, and to all that were with bun,
" Put away the strange gods" that
are among you, and be clean, and
change your garments :' ^and let us
arise, and go up to Beth-el ; and I
will make there an altar unto God,
who answered me in the day of my
distress, and was with me in the Avay
which I went."

^And they gave unto Jacob all
the strange gods which ivere in their
hand, and all their earrings? which
■wei^e in their ears ; and Jacob hid
them under the oak* which was by
Shechem. ^ And they journeyed :
and the teiTor of God was upon the
cities that were round about them,
and they did not pm'sue after the
sons of Jacob. ^

^ So Jacob came to Luz,° which is
in the land of Canaan, that /s, Beth-
el, he and all the people that loere
with him. ''And he built there an
altar, and called the place El-beth-el:"
because there God appeared unto him,
when he fled fi'om the face of his bro-
ther.'"

^But Deborah Rebekah's nursed
died, and she was buried beneath
Beth- el under an oak : and the name
of it was called AUon-bachuth.^

^ And God appeared unto Jacob
again, when he came out of Padan-
aram, and blessed him. ^^And God
said unto him, "Thy name is Jacob :
thy name shall not be called any
more Jacob, but Israel shall be thy
name:"

And He called his name Israel.

i^And God said unto him, "I am
God Almighty : be fruitful and mul-
tiply ; a nation and a company of
nations shall be of thee, and kings
shall come out of thy loins ; ^'-^ and
the land which I gave Abraham and
Isaac, to thee I will give it, and to
thv seed after thee will I give the
land."

13 And God went up from him in
the place where He talked with him.

to th, ,s/, , /,,.,/
captives. L li. ;U,
29.)

i ...And prepare
your hearts unto
the Lor(l,it serve
llim ouly...l Sa.
7,3.

f (Earrings of
certain Ai//i/.<
were anciiiiO:/,
and are still, in
the East, instru-
ments or appen-
dages ofidoUiinj
and superstition,
being regardiiln.i
talismans or mn-
ulets. Kittci's
Bib. Cyc.) (.le-
rusaleiu) decked
hersi'U" with her
earrings and her
jewels (of I'.aa-
lim)...and fiiii,'at
Me. llo. 2, i:3.

k (Where) Josh-
ua (afterwards)
made a covenant
with the people
...& took a great
stone, and set it
up.. .Jos. 24, 2(i;
and see Ju. 9, 6.

I Ex. 15, Ifi ; 2.3,
27; and 34, 24.
Ue. 11, 25. Jos.
2, 2, and 5, 1.
1 Sa. 14, 15. 2
Chr. 14, 14.

o (The spot to

which the name
of Jlelhd mis
i/iecn appears to
'hove hini at
Villi- distinirr in
thr envinms of
Luz. Tliry arc
distinguished in
Jos. 16, 2.)

7r That is. The
God of Bethel.

m When tlmu
vowest a vow
unto God defer
not to pay it :
for lie hath no
pleasure in fools:
pay that which
thou hastvowed.
Ec. 5, 4.

p (The impm-tance
of 'nurses vxis
common in anci-
ent times, but is
7I0W alm/ist pecu-
liar to the East,
especially among
the Moslems.
I'ic. Bib.)

s That is, The ook
of weeping.

A.M. 3529. 1
B.C. 1912. (

GENESIS.

S GEN. 34, 22.
( 36, 14.

n Ch. 28, 18.

T (Pirhnps winf,
Nil. 1.5,5; 1/1 con-
Jinntttloit of the
cnvii'Dil which
<lixl hnd Jii.it re-
ti'ipftl icith him.
oil a.t a libation
dof.s lint occur in
the Law, but see
Mi. G, 7.)

; Hob., n little
piccf of ground.
2 Ki. 5, 19.

0 (!til milfS south-
wiird from Jcru-
snlrm,onthi'roiul
to Ihhioil). Itll.

1. •-', and 4, 11.
.Mi. 5. i. Mat.
•2, G.
o(Uiichfl hadsaid)
Tlie Lord shall
iiild to lue aiio-
tlier son. t'li.
•M, 21. 1 Sft. 4,
20.

X That is, The, son
of my sorrow.

^ That is, The
si'ii of the right
hniid. (Similarly
a mnng the UnUnt-
iii Arabs, mo.it of
thi names which
are imposed at
the birth of the
child are derived
from some trijiing
accident, or from
some idea that
occurred to the
mind, or some ol>-
jerl that attract-
ed the attention
of the mother or
the women pre-
.lent at the child's
birth. Pic. Bib.)

01 1 Sa. 10, 2.

2 Sa. 18, 18.
(The erection of
a pillar was one
of the methods
resorted to in pri-
mitive times, to
presirve the me-
mory of events.)

p Mi. 4, 8.

7 l('hr..5, 1. Cn.
49, 4. 2 Sa. 16,
22, and 20, 3.
1 Co. 6, 1.

a (Only as being
a Mosaic compo-
sition could the
/''nl'iteuch tnen-
tioii together the
three nnui'S —
Mamre, Kirjath-
arba, il' Hebron.)
Cli. 13, 18, and
2.3, 2, 19. Jos.
14, 15, and 15,
13.

^^Aiul Jacob set" up a pillar in
the place where IJe talked with him,
even a pillar of stone, : and he poiu'ed
a drink ottering thereon, and he
poured oil'" thereon. *^And .Jacob
called the name of the place where
(Jod spake Avith hini, IJcth-el.

A.M. 3592. B.C. 1819. Ephratu. { Adi

The death of Jtachel and of Isaac. [^t^t!

^''And they journeyed from Beth-
el ; and there was but a little" way
to come to Ephrath c"^ and Kachel
travailed, and she had hard labour.
'"And it came to pass, when she was
in hard labour, that the midwife said
unto her, "Fear not; thou shalt have
this son also.""

'^And it came to pass, as her soul
was in departing (for she died), that
she called his name IJen-oni -.x but
his father called him JJenjamin.'''
'•'And Jiachel died, and was buried
in the way to Ephrath, which is
neth-lehem. ^o^^nd Jacob set a jnl-
lai-" upon her grave : that is the pillar
of Kachel's gi-avc unto this day.

2' And Israel journeyed, and spread
his tent beyond the tower of Edar.i'

^And it came to pass, when Israel
dwelt in that land, that Ivcuben went
and lay with JJilhah his father's con-
cubine :'' and Israel heard //. Now
the sons of Jacob were twelve: ^^the
sons of Leah ; Reuben, Jacob's first-
l)orn, and Simeon, and Levi, and
Judah, and Issachar, and Zebulun :
'^* the sons of Kachel ; Joso])]i, and
Benjamin : ^-^and the sons of Bilhah,
Kachel's handmaid; Dan, and Xaph-
tali: '^^ and the sons of Zilpah, l^eah's
handmaid; Gad, and Asher : these
are the sons of Jacob, which were
bom to him in Padan-aram.

^"And Jacob came unto Isaac his
father unto Mamre, unto the city of
Arbah, whicli is Hebron," where
Abraham and Isaac sojourned.

'•■'*' And the days of Isaac were an
hundred and fourscore years. ^And
Isaac gave up the ghost, and died,

and was gathered unto his people,
being old and full of days : and his
sons Esau and Jacob bui'ied him.^

VVVVT "1 SEVF.XTnREconn. (P'rhapsfAr.^
J\.j\.A. V 1 .J transmitted by Joseph.) [^ ^
xxxvi. 1—1. 21.
A.M. 3529. D.c. 1912.
The descendants of Esau.

NOW these are the generationsv
of Esau, who is Edom.'" '■^Esau
took his wives of the daughters of
Canaan ;* Adah the daughter of Elou
the llittite, and Aholibamah the
daughter of Anah the daughter of
Zibeon the Ilivitc ; •"'aud Bashemath'*
Ishmael's daughter, sister of Neba-
joth. '^And Adah bare to Esau Eli-
phaz ; and l>asliemath bare Keuel ;
''and Aholibamah bare Jeush, and
Jaalam, and Korah : these are the
sons of Esau, which were born unto
him in the land of Canaan. ^And
Esau took his wives, and his sous,
and his daughters, and all the per-
sons' of his house, and his cattle,
and all his beasts, and all his sub-
stance, which he had got in the land
of Canaan ; and went into the coun-
try fi'oin the face of his brother Jacob.
^For their riches were more than
that they might dwell together ; and
the land wherein they were strangers
could not bear them because of their
cattle. ^Thus dwelt Esau in mount
Seir : Esau is Edom.

^And these are the generations of
Esau the father of the ICdomites^ in
mount Seir : ^^ these are the names''
of Esau's sons ; Eliphaz' the son of
Adah tlic wife of Esau, Keuel the
son of Bashemath the wife of Esau.
''And the sons of Eliphaz were Te-
man, Omar, Zepho," and Gatam,
and Kenaz. '-And Timna was con-
cubine to Eliphaz Esau's son ; and
she bare to Elijthaz Amalek :'■ the.se
xcere the sons of Adah Esau's wife.
'•'And the.se arc the sons of Keuel ;
Nahath, and Zerah, Shammah, and
Mizzah : these were the sons of Bash-
emath E.sau's wife.

'••And these were the sons of Aho-
libamah, tlie daughter of Anah the

/3 (The two bro-
thers, now reeon-
cileJ, join in the
last kind ojfir.es
to their venerable
parent.)

y (This chapter
begins with an
account of Esau's
family during
th'ir residence in
Canaan, and oj
their wealth and
removal, 1 — 8. It
procieds to give
« general view of
the domestic con-
dition of Esau in
the country of
Scir,0—U. This
is followed by the
neimes of the
tribes of the E-
domites, who, like
those of the Is-
raelites, borrowe^l
their luimes from
those of Esau's
7tearest descend-
ants, and ettch of
whom had its own
head or ch iefta in,
inll<brewt).\\u\th,
as the alliiph of
the tribe of /.e-
man, dc, 15^19.
Aft' rwa rds aje-
pears the genea-
Ingi/ of Stir the
J/orite, 20—30.
'J'hrn we have the
Edomitish kings,
31— ,39; and the
chapter closes by
giving the resi-
dences of the E-
ditniitish tribes.)

r Ch. 23, 30.

5 (Esau mnrried
in his forti'th
i/rar, A.M. .'J528,
il.r. 1913.)('/'Ar.if
wiv's) wiTC a
prit'f of mind
(bitt'Cnf. IS of spi-
rit) nnto Isaac
and to licbc'kah.
Ch. 26, 34.

s Ch. 28, 8.

e Ilcb., souls.

f Ilcb., Edom.

rj (This list. vc. 9
— \i, contains the
names of Eiau's
grandchildnn
Intrn in Seir, in
which those of his
sons, who were all
liorn in Canaan,
arc repeated.)

t 1 Chr. 1, 36, &c.

« Or, y^ephi.
1 Ch. 1,3*3.

V Nn. 21, 20. Do.
•Al<-19. ISa-
16, 2, &c.

-19

GEN. 36, 15. 1
37, 25. J

GENESIS.

f A.M. 3596.
"I B.C. 1845.

■q (ThfSP. foxirtfin
dukes (allupliira,
/i(. chieftains,
ve. 15—19) be-
fore the kings, do
not form n suc-
cessive course, but
are contempora-
neous; and, after
the kinijs, it is
not a new course
of pi/lnrchs that
is given, but the
residencsof those
hrfore named.
Dreohler, quoted
in Pic. Lib.)

" Tlie Ilorites
ilwi'lt in their
mount Seir, unto
El-paran, which
is by the wilder-
ness...Ch. 14, 6.
(In thisland Esau
settled himself
permanently af-
ter the death of
his father.) And
...the Lord de-
stroyed tlie IIij-
rim from before
(liis descend-
ants), and they
succeeded them,
& dwelt in their
stead. De.2, 12,
22.

8 Or, TTomam.
1 Chr. 1, 39.

: ...Concubine to
Eliphaz. Ve.l2.

t Or, Alian.
1 Chr. 1, 40.

: Or, Shephi.
1 Chr. 1, 40.

A ( Warm springs,
as the original
□13' is rendered
bg Jerome, and
concurred in by
Oesenius; & most
modem critics
think this inter-
pretation correct.
Warm springs
are still found in
the ri'/ion east of
th'- lirad Sea.
Kitto's Ilib.Cye.
It might be the
asses tchieh led
him to make the
discovery, as

those animals, as
well as rjimels,
have the reputa-
tion of being vi- ry
.sagacious in the
di.icoveri/ of va-
tir. Pic. Bib.)

IX (Not the Anah
of ve. 24, hut
Anah, son of Seir,
ve. 20.)

1' Or, Amram.
1 Chr. 1, 41.

f Or, Jakan.
1 Chr. 1, 42.

daughter of Zibeon, Esau's -vvafc :
and she bare to Esau Jcush, and Jaa-
lani, and Korah.

^^ These it^ere diilccs of the sons of
Esau :'' the sons of Eliphaz the first-
born son of Esau ; duke Teman, duke
Omar, dulce Zepho, duke Kenaz,
^''duke Korah, duke Gatam, and duke
Ainalek : these are the dukes that
came of Eliphaz in the land of Edom;
these ivere the sons of Adah.

^''And these are the sons of Reuel
Esau's son ; duke Nahath, duke Ze-
rah, dulve Shammah, duke Mizzah :
these are the dukes that came of
Reuel in the land of Edom ; these
are the sons of Bashemath Esau's
wife.

^^And these are the sons of Aho-
libamah Esau's wife ; duke Jeush,
duke Jaalam, duke Korah : these
ivei'e the dukes that came of Aholi-
bamah the daughter of Anah, Esau's
wife. ^^These are the sons of Esau,
who is Edom, and these are their
dulves.

2^ These are the sons of Seir the
Horite,"' who inhabited the land ;
Lotan, and Shobal, and Zibeon, and
Anah, ^^and Dishon, and Ezer, and
Dishan : these are the dvikes of the
Ilorites, the children of Seir in the
land of Edom. ^^And the children
of Lotan were Hori and llcmam f and
Lotan' s sister ivas Timna.^ ^^And
the children of Shobal were these ;
Alvan,' and Manahath, and Ebal,
Bhepho," and Onam. ^^And these
are the children of Zibeon ; both
Ajah, and Anah : this was that Anah
that found the mules^ in the wilder-
ness, as he fed the asses of Zibeon
his father. ^^And the children of
Anahf* ivere these ; Dislion, and Aho-
libamah the daughter of Anah. ^^And
these are the children of Dishon ;
Ilemdan,'' and Eshban, and Ithran,
and Cheran. ^^The cliildrcn of Ezer
are these ; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and
Akan.f 28 The children of Dishan
are these ; Uz, and Aran. ^'-^ These
are the dukes that came of the Ilo-

rites ; duke Lotan, duke Shobal, duke
Zibeon, duke Anah, ^"^didvc Dishon,
duke Ezer, duke Dishan : these are
the dukes that came of Hori, among
their dukes in the land of 8eir,

^^And these are the kings° that
reigned in the land of Edom, before
there reigned any king over the chil-
dren of Israel. ^'^And Bela the son
of Beor reigned in Edom : and the
name of his city ivas Dinhabah.
^^And Bela died, and Jobab the son
of Zerali of Bozrah reigned in his
stead. ^'And Jobab died, andllusham
of the land of Temani^ reigned in his
stead. ^^And Husham died, and
Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote
Midian in the field of Moab, reigned
in his stead : and the name of his
city loas Avith. ^^ And Iladad died,
and Samlah of Masrekah reigned in
his stead. ^''And Samlah died, and
Saul of Rehoboth by the river reigned
in his stead. ^^And Saul died, and
Baal-hanan the son of Achbor reigned
in his stead. ^^And Baal-hanan the
son of Achbor died, and Hadar reign-
ed in his stead : and the name of his
city loas Pau ; and his wife's name
was Mehetabel, the daughter of Ma-
tred, the daughter of Mezahab.'^

■^^And these are the names of the

dukes that came of Esau, according

to their families, after their places,

by their names ; duke Timnah, duke

Alvah,P duke Jetheth, ^^duke Aho-

libamah, duke Elah, duke Pinon,

■^'-duke Kenaz, duke Teman, duke

Mibzar, ^^dukc Magdiel, duke Ii-am:

these he the dukes of Edom, according

to their habitations in the land of

their possession : he is Esau the fa-

^^-,^.,;r-rTjj -1 ther of the Edomites.^
AAA V 11. J i^„j jj^(,^^|3 j^^,^^. jj^

the land wherein'^ his father was a
stranger,^ in the land of Canaan.

A.M. 3696. B.C. 1845. Vale of Hebron.
The early history of Joseph.

■ [46

2 THESE are the generations of
Jacob. Joseph, being seventeen years
old, was feeding the flock with his

o (Drechler consi-
ders that "this
course of eiglil
kings existed inii-
t< }njiora III nnshi
with the dukes,
thrlidowilrshar-
iaq rulers if
trihes and kings
at the same time."
They Ihirifore
Jionrishid lirfare
the time of Miisis,
and eonsiqniiitly
this might hiin
been written by
him, and not in-
terpoleited from
1 Chr. ], 43, as
some have sup-
posed.)

y 1 Chr. 1, 53. ,Te.
49, 7, 20. Eze.
2,5, 13. Am. 1,
12. Ob. 9. Hub.
3, 3.

ir (With a parti-
cularity vhieh
a/ipiiirs only in
this individual
case, the author
of Genesis men-
tions the names
of Hadar' s leife,
her pan III nml
grand jitin nl.
What reason ran
be assigned far
this, unless the
author vns eon-
tiiiiji.iniry u-itk
till K.liiiiiiUsli
king! Drechler.)

1 Chr. 1, 50, //'

dod, Pai; afti
/lis death, was a
Aristocracy. K,\.
15, 15.

p Or, Allah.

s Hob., Edom.

T Heb., of his fa-
ther's sojourn-
ings.

z In taberna-
cles...heir with
(them) of the
same promise :
for ho looked
for ,a city which
liath foundati-
ons, whose buil-
der and maker
is God. He. 11,
9. Ch. 17, 8, 23;
28,4; and 36, 7.

A.M. 3596. 1
B.C. 1845. >

GENESIS.

ti ...My sons. ..it
is no piiid re-
port tlnit 1 hear.
I .Su. 2, 24.

V Or, pieces

With such rolx's
were the kind's
(liiu^lhtcrs tliiit
were virgins >\\i-
l)iiri'lle<1....2 Sii.
i;i, 18. .Ju.6,30.
l*s. 45, 13, 14.

(Mr. liohirts
stnUa that it is
cu.itonwri/ in Ii.-
diii to invest a
lif'tuti/ul or fa-
vourite, child with
a cunt of mnny
oilou rs,ronsist iny
of crimson, pur-
pff iimi other co-
lours, which ore
often Utsl'fuVy
sewed together.
inc. Bib.)

6.1osoph(bccame)
pivernor over
all the land (of
K!;yi.t)...& (his)
bri'fhit'n came,
anil l)owe(l down
tluMuscOves 1h'-
fore him with
tln'ir faces to the
earth. Ch. VI.
(J, 9: 43, 2(j; and
44, 14.

(Dr. A. CUirke
thinks that this
alliul's to the
cmistcllations of
the zotliac, Joseph
himself bring the
twelfth. It is very
likely that the
heavens were thus
measured in the
days of Joseph.)

c.. Kept the mat-
ti-riii( hislheart.
Da. 7. '28. Lu.
2, 1!), 51.

X (Shechem was
several day.<i
journey from He-
bron.)

brctliiTii ; and tlio lad icas vciih the
sons of Hilliali, and with the sons of
Zilpah, his father's wives : and Jo-
seph brought unto his father their
evil report."

^Now Israel loved Joseph more
than all his children, because he v:as
the son of his old age : and he made
him a coat of many colours." *And
when his brethren saw that their fa-
ther loved him more than all his
brethren, they hated him, and could
not speak peaceably unto him.

^And Joseph dreamed a dream,
and he told it his brethren : and they
hated him yet the more. "^Aud he
said imto them, " Hear, I pray you,
this dream which I have dreamed :
^for, behold, we u'cre binding sheaves
in the field, and, lo, my sheaf arose,
and also stood upright ; and, behold,
your sheaves stood round about, and
made obeisance to my sheaf."''

^And his brethren said to him,
" Shalt thou indeed reign over us ?
or shalt thoix indeed have dominion
over us ?"

And they hated him yet the more
for his di'cams, and for his words.

^And he dreamed yet another
dream, and told it his brethren, and
said, " Behold, I have dreamed a
dream more ; and, behold, the sun
and the moon and the eleven* stars
made obeisance to me."

^'^And he told it to his father, and
to his brethren : and his father re-
buked him, and said unto him, " What
is this dream that thou hast dreamed?
Shall I and thy mother and thy
brethren indeed come to bow down
ourselves to thee to the earth?"

^'And his brethren envied him;
but his father observed the saying.<^

^'And his brethren went to feed
their father's flock in Shechem.

^^And Israel said unto Joseph,
" Do not thy brethren feed the Jlnck
in Shechem ?x come, and 1 will send
thee unto them."

And he said to him, "llereow/."

"And he said to him, "Go, I

pray thee,'' see whether it be well

with thy brethren and well with the

flocks : and bring me word again."

So he sent him out of the vale of
Ileln'on, and he came to Shechem.
'^And a certain man found him, and,
behold, he was wandering in the field :
and the man asked lam, saving,
"What seekest thou?"

^'^ And he said, "I seek my bre-
thren : tell me, I pray thee, where
they feed their Jlocks."

^"^And the man said, "They are
departed hence ; for I heard them
say, ' Let us go to Dothan.' "'''

And Joseph went after his breth-
ren, and found them in Dothan.
^^And when they saw him afar off,
even before he came near unto them,
they conspired against him to slay
him.'' ^'Wnd they said one to ano-
ther, "Behold, this dreamer Cometh.
^*^Come now therefore, and let us slay
him, and cast him into some pit, and
we will say, ' Some evil beast hath
devoured him :' and we shall see what
will become of his dreams.""

^^And Ueuben heard ?V, and he
delivered him out of their hands ; and
said, " Let us not kill him."* '•'■^And
Reuben said unto them, " Shed no
blood, but cast him into this pit that
is in the wilderness,"* and lay no hand
upon him ;" that he might rid him
out of their hands, to deliver him to
his father again.

23 And it came to pass, when Jo-
seph was come unto his brethren,
that they stript Joseph out of his
coat, his coat of niant/ colours^ that
was on him ; 2' and they took him,
and cast him into a pit / and the i)it
was empty,> there tvas no water in
it.

^ And they sat down to eat bread :^
and tliey lifted up their eyes and
looked, and, behold, a company of Ish-
meelites came from (iilead with their
camels bearing spicery* and l»alm'

f OEH. 36, 15.
t 37, 25.

IT Heh, tee the
peace of thy
brethren, ttc.
( h.!«», 0.

<p (".sVecrnZ miles
farther. It was,
according lo Ku-
sehius (k Jerome,
twelve, liomau
miles X. of Sa-
maria, It iras
here, tlie Syrians
were smitten with
blindness at the
vord of Elisha.
2 Ki. C, 1.3.)

</ Wrath is cruel,
& anjjer is out-
rageous (an over-
flowing) ; hut
who is able to
stand before en-
vy ? (jealousy.)
J'r. 27, 4; 1, 11,
16; and 6, 17.

<D (According to
the Mrdrash it
teas Simeon who
first made th is
diabolical propo-
sal. Ue Sola.)

Joseph took

from them Si-
meon, and bound
liim Ix'fore their
eyes. <;h.J2,24.

e Sayin;;, Do

not sin against
the child.. ..Ch.
42, 22.

a (This was only
a stratagem, his
intention bi ing to
restore the lad to
his father. Di-
rect intercession
or forcible resist-
awe might have
cost hh own life
without saving
that of Joseph,
Do Sola.)

j3 Or, pieces.

f In the an-

guisli of his soul

he he.srniKht

(them), & (they I
Would not hear,
th. 42, 21.

y(Aciitcrn. They
generally get ex-
hausted towards
the end of sum-
mer. Pic. Bib.)

g Am. 6, 6. Tr.
30,20.

fi (The astragalus
ifummil'er.
Koyle.")

e 'TS tzcri. Only
once tseri, in all
other places
tsori. (An

odorifrous resin
of some kind or
other. It occurs
nho Ch. 43, 11.)
Jc.8, 22;4«, 11;
and 01, 8. Eze.
27. 17.

GEN. 37, 26. 1
39 3. i

GENESIS.

f A.M. 3585.
1 B.C. 1856.

f (Ladanum, a
gum extulimj
from the cistus
ruse, indigenous
in Palestine. It
is aromatic, and
was formerly a
cehbrated vn-di-
cine. De Sola.)

r) Heb., hearkened.

It Ch. 42, 13, 36.
J(!. 31, 15. La.
5, 7.

Ic Ch. 44, 28.

/ D.ivid Baid

Kend your
clothes and gird
yon with sack-

rlotli 2Sa. 3,

31. Joh 1, 20.

/'( The elders of
(David's) hou.se
iirosc, and went
to him, to raise
liim lip from the
eartli : l)ut he
would not, nei-
tlier did he eat
hread with them.
2 Sa. 12, 17.

// Ch. 42, 38, and
14, 29, 31.

9 Ileb., eunuch.
(Hut the v)ord
doth signify not
only eunuchs, hut
iilao chnmlier-
luins, courtifrs,
iind officers. Est.
1, 10.)

t Heb., chief of
tlie slaughtermen,
or executioners.

K Or, chief mar-
shal.

and niATrh,? going to carry it down
to Egypt.

^^'And Judah said unto his bre-
thren, " AVhat profit is it if we slay
our brother, and conceal his blood ?
^''Come, and let us sell him to the
Ishmeclites, and let not our hand be
upon him ; for he is our brother and
om- flesh."

And his brethren were content.''
2^ Then there passed by Midiauites
merchantmen ; and tliey drew and
lifted up Joseph out of the pit, and
sold Joseph to the Ishmeelites for
twenty pieces of silver : and they
brought Joseph into Egypt.

^And Reuben returned unto the
pit ; and, behold, Joseph ivas not in
the pit ; and he rent his clothes.
^^And ho returned unto his brethren,
and said, " The child is not ; and I,
whither shall I go?"'*

^^xVnd they took Joseph's coat, and
killed a kid of the goats, and dipped
the coat^ in the blood ; ^^ and they
sent the coat of many colours, and
they brouglit it to their father : and
said, " This have we found : know
now whether it be thy son's coat or
no."

^^ And he knew it, and said, '•'•It
is my son's coat ; an evil beast hath
devoured him ; Joseph is without
doubt rent in pieces."*

^'* And .Jacob rent his clothes, and
put sackcloth upon his loins, and
mourned for his son many days.^
^^ And all his sons and all his daugh-
ters rose up to comfort him ; but he
refused to be comforted ;'" and he said,
" For I will go down into the grave
unto my son mourning.""

Thus his father wept for him.

^^ And the Midianites sold liim into
Egypt unto Potiphar, an officer^ of
Phai'aoh's, a?ic? captain' of the guard."

WWTTT "1 A.M. a585. n.c. 1856. V AH
-i^-^*--'*- V lil.J Adui-lam, (au ancient |_^ *
royal city of the Canaan-
ites. It was situated in a
plain W. of Hebron.)
The unhappy effects of a state of polygamy.

AND it came to pass at that time,^
that Judah went down from his
brethren, and turned" in to a certain
Adullamite, whose name was llirah.
'-^Aiid Judah saw there^^ a daughter
of a certain Canaanite, Avhose name
was iShuah ; and he took her, and
went in unto her. ^And she con-
ceived, and bare a son ; and he called
his name Er.* ^And she conceived
again, and bare a sou ; and she called
his name Onan. ^ And she yet again
conceived, and bare a son ; and called
his name Shelah : and he was at
Chezib,'^ when she bare him. ^And
Judah took a wife for Er his firstborn,
whose name was Tamar. ^And Er,
Judah' s firstborn, was wicked in the
sight of the Lord ; and the Lord
slew him.

^And Judah said unto Onan, "Go
in unto thy brother's wife, and marry
her, and raise up seed to thy bro-
ther."''

^And Onan knew that the seed
should not be his ; and it came to
pass, when he went in unto his bro-
ther's wife, that he spilled it on the
ground, lest that he should give seed
to his brother. ^^And the thing
which he did displeased" the Lord ;
wherefore He slew him also.*

^^Then said Judah to Tamar his
daughter in law, " Remain a widow
at thy father's house, till Shelah my
son be grown :"^ for he said, " Lest
peradventure he die also, as his bre-
thren did."

And Tamar went and dwelt in her
father's house.'

^2 And in process° of time the daugh-
ter of Shuah Judah' s wife died ; and
Judah was comforted," and went up
unto his shecpshearers to Timnath,
he and his friend llirah the Adul-
lamite.

X (As Abe.n Ezm
remarks, some of
the events record-
ed in this c/ia/i-
tir took place l/i-
fore Josejih was
sohi. De Sola.
This is also tin-
opinion of Ainx-
worth and of
Kennicott.)

oCh. 19, 3. 2Ki.

4,8.

p Ch. 34, 2.

q Ch. 46, 12. Nu.
26, 19.

ix (Perhaps the
same as Achzih.
Jos. 15, 44. Mi.
1, 14; which loas
in the tribe of
Judah, in llir
middle part of
the western bor-
der land.)

r If brethren
dwell to,i;ctlier,
and one of tbeni
die, and liuve ncp
child, the wifi^
of the dead shall
not marry with-
out unto a stran-
ger : her luis-
bimd's brother
sbiill...t,Tke her
to biui to wife,
and perform the
duty of an hus-
band's brother
uuto her. 1)('.

25, 5. Mat. 22,
24.

V Heb., was evil
in the eyes of ike
Lord.

s ...Er and Onan
died in the laud
of Canaan. Mu.

26, 19.

f (This was on!'/
a pretext of Ju-
dah to gain timi\
and induce lyr
to return to In v
parents witlioiit
otl'r,i,r,i„, h,r bii
a dinrt ,bi,i,a.
De Sola.)

t Returned

to her father's
house, as in lier
youth. ...Le. 22,
13.

0 Ilcb., the days
teere multiplied.

u 2 Sa. 13, 39.

A.M. 3606. 1
B.C. 1835. 1

GENESIS.

f GEN. 37,28,
1 39, 3.

IT (With a short
viiilr.rjiosini/iMirt
of tlif Jiiee anil
nrek.) See I'r. 9,
14, and 7, 12.

p Ileb., the door
o/iy", <iri "//•-'-
tuii/im. In tliR
gntc of (the towni
of) Enayiiu.
CalUtI ]'.iiain,
Jos. 15, 34.

t(Patriarchnl us-
ages rfquirfd
thnljwiiih should
tither marry Ta-
mar A ir/i-sv//' vr
see that his son
did. Tamar^s con-
trivance, there-
fore, does not im-
ply a viciotts
mind.)

V They give

gifla toall(such)
...Eze. 16, 33.

T Hcb., a A-i</ of
the gouts.

V (V^yyi emboli,
Gr., d^^afiiou,
plejliif,i^ritiriiisl)
(Tbe) Holy Spi-
rit of promise...
is the earnest
of our inherit-
ance...Kp. 1, 14.
2 Co. 1, 22 (viz.,
a security gio<n
in hand for the
fuljilmenl of all
God's promi.irs
relative to His
favour and to
eternal life.)

^ (llirah applies
to Taniar the
term rrCTp ''e-
(leshnh, lioly,
not TTjYt zoiiali,
ve. l.'i, viewing
her as consecrat-
ed to the worship
^f " goddt-ss.
Zonah is a har-
lot generally, ke-
deshali is one
con.secrated to
the worship of
Ast/irte,,tc. Both
the words niean
harlot.)

X Or, in Ennyim,

^Tlcb., become n
contempt.

di (Let htr keep

tbe pledge by

sending the kid /
have kepi my part
of the agreement.
Her removal
sheirs that she
did not inteiul to
return them.
De Sola.)

13 And it was told Tainar, saying,
" Behold thy father in hiw goeth up
to Tinmath to .shear his sheep."

**And she put her widow's gar-
ments off from lier, and eovered"^ her
with a vail, and wrapped herself, and
sat in an open place,P which is by the
way to Timnath ; for she saw that
8helah was gi'owu, and she was not
given unto him to wife.*

1^ When .hidah saw her, he thought
her to be an harlot ; because she had
covered her face. ^''And he turned
unto her by the way, and said, "Go
to, I pray thee, let me come in unto
thee." (For he knew not that she
was his daughter in law.)

And she said, " What wilt thou
give me, that thou maycst come in
unto me?"

i^And he said, " I will send'' ihee
a kid fi-om the flock. "^

And she said, " Wilt thou give
me a pledge," till thou send it V

I'^And he said, " AVhat pledge
shall I give thee?"

And she said, " Thy signet, and
thy bracelets, and thy staff that is
in thine hand."

And he gave it her, and came in
unto her, and she conceived by him.

*^And she arose, and went away,
and laid by her vail from her, and
put on the garments of her widow-
hood.

2'^ And Judah sent the kid by the
hand of his friend the Adullamite,
to receive his pledge from the woman's
hand : but he found her not. '^^Then
he asked the men of that place, say-
ing, " Where is the harlot,''' that icas
openlyx by the way side?"

And they said, "There was no
harlot in this;^/rtcc."

-■■^And he returned to Judah, and
said, "I cannot find her; and also
the men of the place said, that there
was no harlot in this^)/oee."

'■^'And Judah said, " Let her take
it to her, lest we be shamed -."^ behold,
I sent this kid, and thou hast not
found her.'""

2' And it came to pass abfiut three;
months after, that it was told .Iiidah,
saying, " Tamar thy daughter in law
hath played the harlot ; and also,
behold, she /*• with child by whore-
dom."

And .Fudah said, " Bring her forth,
and let her be burnt."-'

^^Wheu she loas brought forth, she
sent to her father in law," saying,
" By the man whose these are, am
I with child :" and she said, " Dis-
cern, I pray thee, whose are these,
the signet, and bracelets, and staff."

'■^•^And Judah acknowledged them.,
and said, "She hath been more right-
eous than I ;^ because that I gave
her not to Shelah my son." And he
knew her again no more.')'

2^ And it came to pass in the time
of her travail, that, behold, twins*
ii;ei'e in her womb. ^**And it came
to pass, when she travailed, that the
one put out his hand : and the mid-
wife took and bound upon his hand a
scarlet* thread, saying, " This came
out fii'st." *'And it came to pass as
he drew back his hand, that, behold,
his brother came out : and she said,
" How hast thou broken forth ?f tliis
breach he upon thee :" therefore his
name was called Pharcz.'' "^Aiid
afterward came out his brother, that
had the scarlet thread upon his hand :
and his name was eaUed Zarah.*

VWTV "I A.M..3G06. n.c 1&15. rj_C
-^^^^vl^V.J Mkmi'Iiis or Taxis (in L^'-'
E^-pt).
Tlie resistance oj Joseph to
temptation.

AND Joseph was brought down to
Kgy])t ; and Fotipliar, an ofHeer
of Pharaoh, captain of the guard, an
Egy])tian, bought him of the hands
of the Ishmeelites, which had brought
him down thither.

'■^And the L<u:i) was with .Joseph,
and he was a prosperous man ;•' and
he was in the house of his master the
Egyptian. ^And his master saw that
the LoKD was with him, and that the

.i-...ThedauKhtor
of any )irleKt, if
kIu- profani! her-
self... ]irofaneth
her fiitliur, she
slinll ))c liiinit
with lire. I.f.'il,
'J, and -JO, 14.
(UnJ/r the Mo-
saic law this pu-
nishment was re-
stricted to these
two cases.)

a (Who had inter-
firrd to prevent
Slirlah fulfilling
the duty of mar-
rying his bro-
ther's wife.) Ku.
4, 17.

/3 (Has more ad-
hered to the law.)

y (Though he
might legally
have continued to
do so had he
thought fit. De
Sola.)

S (To replace both
Er and Onan.
These ch ildren
inherited both na-
turally and le-
gally as his sons.
Nu. 26, 20.)

e (Probably crim-
son, derived from
the coccus ilicis
of Linnceus, the
kermcz of the
A rabians. The
colour now term-
ed scarlet was
unknown in the
time of James I.
Uenham.)

f Or, wherefore
hast thou made
this breach a-
gainst ther t
( Thou woutdest
have been respon-
sible, if through
this forcible
breacli of thine,
thy brother whom
than hast forced
back hail been
hurt. Abcn Ez-
ra.)

r)T\\at\s,a breach.

e (The details of
this chapter
bring the man-
ners of the times
fvrcihiii Itefore
.,.«. „wl,v,nce the
,li,t„l>lilil iif us-

„./..« 1,7,1. A stUl
ixi.st 111 the East.
Kitto'H I'iiUstine
i., p. 107.;

y Ps. 1, 3.

GEN. 39, 4. 7
41, 6. i

GENESIS.

J A.M. 3607.
i B.C. 1834.

I (BeauH/ul in Jtis
person and beau-
tiful in hia coun-
tenance. The,
same expressions
lire used of lia-
i-fiel, ell. 29, 17.

Chukc.l David
was i-iiilily, ami
withal of a beau-
tiful counte-
nance, & goodly
to look to. 1 Sa.
16, 12.

K (He had been 10
years in Poti-
phar's service, <fc
was now 27 years
of age. Hales.)

; Lust not after
her beauty In
thine heart; nei-
ther let her take
thee with her
eyelids. Pr. 6,
25.

A. (That this deli-
cate and forcible
appeal product d
no impression
shewed that shfi
had lost all silf-
yovernment, and
had become a
slave to her pas-
sion. Clarke.j
(Persons of warm
temperament of-
ten sacrijice un-
hesitatingly all
their worldly in-
terests, every
thing and every
body, the best in-
terests of others,
and their own
duty, for the S'-lf-
ish gratijictitioa
of their affec-
tions)

1 The command-
ment is a lamp
and the law is
light. ..to keej)
...from the flat-
tery of the
tongue of a
strange woman.
I'r.6,2a,24. Ch.
20, G. Le. 6, 2.
2 Sa. 12, 13. I's.
51,4.

Ii So she caught
him aiul kissed
him, and with an
impudent face
(xh- slrenythiwd
her face and) <i,»\A
unto him...Pr.7,
13.

Lord made all that he did to prosper
in his hand. *And Joseph found
grace in his sight, and he served him :
and he made him overseer over his
house, and all that he had he put into
his hand. ^And it came to pass from
the time that he had made him over-
seer in his house, and over all that
he had, that the Lord blessed the
Egyptian's house for Joseph's sake ;
and the blessing of the Lord was
upon all that he had in the house,
and in the field, ''And he left all
that he had in Joseph's hand ; and
he knew not ought he had, save the
bi'ead which he did eat. And Joseph
was a goodly person., and well fa-
voured.'

^And it came to pass after'' these
things, that his master's wife cast
her eyes upon Joseph ; and she said,
"Lie with me."

^But he refused,^ and said unto his
master's wife, " J3ehold, my master
wotteth not what is with me in the
house, and he hath committed all that
he hath to my hand; '-^ there is none
greater in this house than I ; neither
hath he kept back any thing from me
but thee, because thou art his wife :
how then can I do this great wicked-
ness?, and sin against Cod?"^

^'^ And it came to pass, as she spake
to Joseph day by day, that he heark-
ened not unto her, to lie by her, or
to be with her." ^^ And it came to
pass about this time, that Joseph
went into the house to do his busi-
ness ; and there was none of the men
of the house there Avithin. ^^And
she caught him* by his garment, say-
ing, " Lie with me :" and he left his
garment in her hand, and fled, and
got him out.

^"^And it came to pass, when she
saw that he had left his garment in
her hand, and was fled forth, ^"*that
she called unto the men of her house,
and spake unto them, saying, " See,
he hath brought in an Hebrew unto
us to mock us ; he came in unto me
to lie with me, and I cried with a

loud voice :'* ^^and it came to pass,
when he heard that I lifted up my
voice and cried, that he left his gar-
ment with me, and fled, and got him
out."

^^And she laid up his gannent by
her, until his lord came home. ^^ And
she spake*^ unto him according to these
words, saying, "The Hebrew servant,
which thou hast brought unto us,
came in unto me to mock me : ^'^and
it came to pass, as I lifted up my
voice and cried, that he left his gar-
ment" with me, and fled out."

^^And it came to pass, when his
master heard the words of his wife,
which she spake unto him, saying,
"After this manner did thy servant
to me ;" that his wi'ath was kindled.'^
^''And Joseph's master took him,
and put him into the pi-ison,* a place
where the king's prisoners were
bound ;/ and he was there in the
prison. f

21 But the Lord was wltb Joseph,
and shewed" him mercy, and gave
him favour in the sight of the keeper'^
of the prison, ^^And the keeper of
the prison committed to Joseph's hand
all the prisoners that were in the pri-
son ; and whatsoever they did there,
he was the doer of it. ^-^The keeper
of the prison looked not to any thing
that was under his hand ; because the
Lord was with him, and that which
he did, the Lord made it to prosper.

VT 1 A.M. 3607. B.C. 1834. Egypt. [AQi
-^-•-^•J Joseph interprets the dreams of the \_^'^
chief butler and of the chief baker.

AND it came to pass after these
things, that the butler;? of the
king of I^gypt and his baker had
offended their lord the king of Egypt.
'"^And J'haraoh was wroth'* against
two of his ofticcrs, against the chief
of the butlers, and against the chief
of the bakers. "^And he put them
in ward in the house of the captain
of the guard, into the prison, the
place where Joseph was bound. ^And
the captain of the guard charged^

Ij. II eb., great.

c Wluat shall be
given unto th
or what shall be
done unto thee,
thou false
tongue ? I's. 120,
3.

V ( Upper garment,
or mantle.)

d For jealousj' is
the rage of a

man he will

not spare In the
day of venge-
auce. Pr. 6, 34.

e ...In the dun-
geou. Ch. 41, 14.

/ 1 Pe. 2, 19.

f (Tliis prison ira.i
in Potiphar's oirn
house, or contigu-
ous to it. It is
possible that J'o-
tiidiur, <loith1ftd
nsp,xti,„j his
icifes statement,
sent Joseph here
for the purpose
of rendering his
services still a-
vailable to him.
Pic. Bib.)

0 Ileb., extended
kimtness unto
him.

TT (The officer sub-
ordinate to I'uti-
phar.)

jf (Neheraiah)was
cupbearer (to
Artiixerxes)...&
took up tlii^ wine
and gave it init(.i
the king. Ne. 1,
11, aud 2, 1.

h The wrath of a
king is as mes-
sengers of death.
Pr. 16, 14.

p (That is, Poli-
phar, who was
cognizant of and
appreciated the
V(ilnab!e services

„-liirlldns.l,hrr„-

d, r,d I', tin Ic.. It-
er ,;/■ th. pri.ntt,

which /low he in-
directly aekiiiiic-
letlges by eonsii/n-
ing these impor-
tant prisoners lo
his special care.
Pic. Uib.)

A.M. 3609. 1
B.C. 1832. ;

GENESIS.

f GEN. 39, 4.
1 41, 6.

(Drfams are
oi-'liiinrilij thf
v -' iiilxMliiiirrit of
tiuiu'ihts u-hieh
/kii:- \iefnrr, in
sitiiie shapr or
vt/iir, orciipl'd
our jttintLt ; hut
thf Scri]>tiirt.i
ahumiiiiHy te.i-
tij'ij that (l0(l
ttuute known Ilia
xcill in dreams,
and raised up
ptrsons to intrr-
prrt Iffm. Kit-
to's Hih. Ci/c.)
■ (Anciir.thj, as
notr, Ihrouijhoul
thi- East, the ut-
nu/st atti'ntion
was paiii to
dreams. Kvery
one soiii/ht an in-
terpretation of
trhntever dreams
mad'' sufficient
impression to be
remembered.
Kitto.)

u llfb., are your
faces evil t Nc.
2,2.

4> (God, from
ujfinin dreams
prnceejl, ran aione
reval their true
import. There-
fore,pray tell mf,
perhaps lie may
favour me with
wisdom so as to
fjcplain them to
yot/.Cliizkunt'o.)

X (Xumerous are
the representa-
tions in the
Egyptian tombs
which relate to
the cultivation of
the vine. KoscU.)

^ (The juice teas
no doubt mixed
with water,form-
in<i a sherbet.
The Orientalsare
still very fond of
snrh drinks. Pic.
Bib.)

I (TTie quantity
of wine, afforded
by the viws of
Eyypt was so
tmiill, that wine
was never, as in
Greece, a common
drink. Pic. Hib.)

iVc. 18. Ch.-ll,
12, 25. ,Tii. 7. 14.
Da. 2, m, ami 4,
19.

a Or, reckon.

k 2 Ki. 25, 27.
Ps.3, 3. Je. 52,
31.

/3 (Subsequently,
the use of fer-
mented wine was
forbidden to the
E;f!/ptians.)

y Hcb., remember
me with thee.

.Joseph with them, ami he served
them : and they continued a season
in ward.

^And they dreamed a dream^ botli
of them, each man his dream in one
night, each man acc(n-ding to the
interpretation of his dream, the hntler
and the baker of the king of Egypt,
which were bound in the prison.

^And Joseph came in unto them
in the morning, and looked upon
them, and, behold, they were Siu\j
~ And he asked Pharaoh's officers that
were with him in the w.ard of his
lord's house, saying, " Wherefore
look ye so sadly" to day?"

^And they said iinto him, " We
have dreamed a dream, and there is
no inteqiretcr of it."

And Joseph said unto them, " Do
not interpretations belong to God?^
tell me t/iein, I pray you."

^And the chief butler told his dream
to Joseph, and said to him, " In my
dream, behold, a vino< was before
me : ^^ and in the vine %vere three
branches : and it icas as though it
budded, and her blossoms shot forth ;
and the clusters thereof brought forth
ripe grapes •.'f' '* and Pharaoh's cup
icas in my hand : and I took the
gi'apcs, and pressed them into Pha-
raoh's cup, and I gave the cup into
Pharaoh's hand.""

^- And .Joseph said unto him, "This
is the interpretation of it : The three
branches are three' days: ^^yet with-
in three days shall Pharaoh lift* up
thine head, and restore thee unto thy
place :* and thou shalt deliver Pha-
raoh's cuj)^ into his hand, after the
former maniun* when th(ju wast his
butler. ^'Put thinkv on me when it
shall be well with tliee, and shew kind-
ness, I pray thee, unto me, and make
mention of me unto Pharaoh, and
bi'ing me out of this house : '^ for
indeed I was stolen away out of the
land of the IIcl)n'ws: and here also
have I done nothing that they should
put me into the dungeon."

'''When the chief baker saw that
the intor])retati()n was good, he said
imto .Joseph, " I also was in my
dream, and, behold, / had three
white* baskets on my head: ^"^and
in the uppermost basket there ivas of
all manner of bakemeats' for Pha-
raoh ; and the birds did eat them out
of the basket upon my head."

''^And Joseph answered and said,
"This is the interpretation thereof:
The three baskets are three days :
'^ yet within three days shall I'ha-
raoh lift^ up thy head from off thee,
and shall hang thee on a tree ; and
the birds shall eat thy flesh from oti"
thee."

-•^And it came to pass the third
day, ichich was Pharaoh's birthday,''
that he made a feast unto all his ser-
vants : and lie lifted^ up tlie head of
the chief butler and of the chief baker
among his servants. '■^'And he re-
stored the chief butler unto his butler-
ship again ; and he gave the cup into
Pharaoh's hand: '^-but he hanged' the
chief baker : as Joseph had inter-
preted to them. ^Yet did not the
chief butler remember Joseph, but
forgat him.

YJ T "I A.M. 3C09. B.C. 1832. Eovpt. Tea
-''--'-'-'■•J Joseph iamade Governor of the land \_y^
of Egypt.

AND it came to pass at the end of
two full years, that Pharaoh
dreamed : and, behold, he stood by
the river." '-^And behold, there came
up out^ of the river seven well fa-
voured kinc and fatfleshed ; and they
fed in a meadow.** •'And, behold,
seven other kine'' came up after them
out of the river, ill favoured and Ican-
fleshi'd ; and stood by the other kine
upon the brink of the river. ''And
the ill favoured and leanfleshed kine
did eat \ip the seven well favoured
and fat kine. So Pharaoh awoke.

^And he slept and dreamed the
second time : and, behold, seven ears
of cornf came up upon one stalk, rank°
and good. ''And, behold, seven thin

« Or, full of holet.

t Heb., meat of
l'hara<ih,the work
of a baker; or,
cook.

f Or, reckon thee,
and take thy
ofllco from thee.

T) ( These days were
in Egypt looked
upon as holy ; no
business was done
upon them, <t all
parties indulged
in festivities.)

9 Or, reckoned.

I (According to
Wilkinson, no
eviilence appears
of Ih is custom in
ancient Eyypt.)

K (The Mle. liy
its inuiulationa
the exclusive
source of ferti-
lity in Eyypt.)

K (Animals of the
buffalo kiiul in
hot cou ntries seem
almost amphibi-
ous; t/iey delight
to stundfor hours
in the water, with
their bodies im-
mersed except the
iMid. Pic. Bib.)

fi(DrJioyle thinks
that the word
inn achu, trans-
latrd meadow, i>
a plant, perhaps
t/i^cypcnisescti-
lentiis, or some
spefies nf pauni-
cum, which forms
excellent jMtsture
in warm coun-
tries.)

V (The ox, in the
symbolical writ-
ings of the Egyp-
tians, signijied
agriculture and
subsistence ;
therefore the
emergence of the
oxen from the
yUe renders the
opplica t ion of the
dream obvious,
when the clue is
once oblnined.
Pic. Bib.)

$ (The triticum
composilum, or
Egyptian wheat,
which naturally
bfiirs several ears
upon one stalk.)

0 llcb.,/ii<.

GEII. 41, 7. I
41, 57. j

GENESIS.

/A.M. 3609.
1 B.C. 1832.

ff (The. south-east
wind, here cnlled
the. east wind,
blowing in March
and April, is one
of' the most inju-
rious winds, and
of longest con-
tinuance, while
the shelter that
Kgypt has from
it by means of
the Mo/cat tern
rhain of moun-
tains is only par-
tial, and by no
means ejctends to
the whole coun-
tri/. Ilaveruick.)
Job 27, 21. Vs.
48, 7. Ho. 13, 15.
Jon. 4, 8.

/ Da. 2, 1, and 4,
5, 19.

p (nat class of
Egyptian priests,
or hierophants,
whom the Greeks
ilrnoiiiinated '«"
poypaixjxaTeis,
/iroj>ssors of sa-
rri'd learniuy.
Philippson.^

? (The persons
who addicted
themselves solely
to divine worship.
I)cj(ld, ap.
Clarke.)

T (Josephus inti-
mates that the
word signifies
"theking," which
seems to be con-
firmed by finding
the word ouro,
" king," in the
di<:lf'-t of Mem-
/i/iis. More re-
(■' iillji it has been
consideredas cor-
responding to the
Egyptian plira,
" the sun,")

V Ileb., made him
run.

<l>( That this was an
Egyptian vsage
is confirmed not
only by the Greek
& lionuin writers,
but by the sculp-
tures and paint-
ings of Egypt.
Pic. Bib.)

X Or, vjhen thou
hearest a dream,
tliou canst inter-
pret it.

m Da. 2, 30. Ac.
.3,12. 2 Co. .3, 5.

n Da. 2, 22.

ears and blasted with the easf wind
sprung np after them. ^And the
seven thin ears devoui'ed the seven
rank and fnll ears. And Phai'aoh
awoke, and, behold, it was a dream.

^And it carae to pass in the morn-
ing that his spirit was troubled ;' and
he sent and called for all the magi-
ciansP of Egypt, and all the wise^
men thereof: and Pharaoh told them
his dream ; but tJio^e ivas none that
coidd interpret them unto Pharaoh.

^Then spake the chief butler unto
Pharaoh, saying, " I do remember
my faults this day : ^'^Pharaoh'^ was
wroth with his servants, and put me
in ward in the captain of the guard's
house, both me and the chief baker :
^^and we dreamed a dream in one
night, I and he ; we dreamed each
man according to the interpretation
of his dream. ^^And there was there
with us a young man, an Hebrew,
servant to the captain of the guard ;
and we told him, and he interpreted
to us our dreams ; to each man ac-
cording to his dream he did interpret.
'^And it came to pass, as he inter-
preted to us, so it was ; me he re-
stored unto mine oftice, and him he
hanged."

^^ Then Pharaoh sent and called
Joseph, and they brought him hastily"
out of the dungeon : and lie shaved"^
himself, and changed his raiment, and
came in unto Pharaoh.

^^And Pharaoh said unto Joseph,
" I have dreamed a dream, and there
is none that can interpret it : and I
have heard say of thee, that thou^
canst understand a dream to inter-
pret it."

^^And Joseph answered Pharaoh,
saying, " It is not in me :'"■ God"
shall give Pharaoh an answer of
peace."

^'^And Pharaoh said unto Joseph,
" In my dream, behold, I stood upon
the bank of the river: ^^and, behold,
there came up out of the river seven
kine, fatfleshed and well favom*ed ;

and they fed in a meadow : ^''and,
behold, seven other kine came up
after them, poor and very ill favoured
and leanfleshcd, such as I never saw
in all the land of Egypt for badness :
^^'and the lean and the ill favoured
kine did eat up the first seven fat
kine : ^^ and when they had eaten"^
them up, it could not be known that
they had eaten them ; but they tcere
still ill favoured, as at the beginning.
So I awoke. ^'^And I saw in my
dream, and, behold, seven ears came
up in one stalk, full and good : ^^and,
behold, seven ears, withered," thin,
07«f? blasted with the east wind, sprung
up after them : ^^and the thin ears
devoured the seven good ears : and
I told this unto the magicians ; but
there ivas none that could declare it
to me."

^^And Joseph said unto Pharaoh,
" The dream of Pharaoh is one : God
hath shewed Pharaoh what He is
about to do." ^''The seven good kine
are seven years ; and the seven good
ears are seven years : the dream is
one. ^'^And the seven thin and ill
favoured kine that came up after them
are seven years ; and the seven empty
ears blasted with the east wind shall
be seven years of famine." ^^This
is the thing which I haA^e spoken unto
Pharaoh : What God is about to do
lie sheweth unto Pharaoh. '^^ Be-
hold, there come seven years of great
plenty throughout all the land of
Egypt :^ ^'^and there shall arise after
them seven years of famine ;'>' and all
the plenty shall be forgotten in the
land of Egypt ; and the famine shall
consume tlie land •/ ^^and the plenty
shall not be known in the land by
reason of that famine following ;^ for
it shall be very grievous.^ ^-And
for that the dream was doubled unto
Pharaoh twice ; it is because the thing
is established^ by God, and God will
shortly bring it to pass. ^^ Now
tliereforc let Pharaoh look out a man
discreet and wise, and set him over
the land of Egypt. 3"* Let Pharaoh

^ Ileb., come to
the inirard parts
of them.

(0 Or, small.

0 The groat

God liatli niaiU'
known to the
king what shall
conic to pass
hereafter... . i)a.
2,45.

a(Itisv'.'lll:ii(iii'ii
that tin rr
scarcilij mill ;
in Eiriiit, llmt
the CI III II tr II il.
[lends for il.<fir-
t'llitii on (lie ovir
floinng of th
Xile ; and thai
this fir til It II
in /.raiiirliini to
the dneiitloii and
liiii/ht of these
tiiiiporary de-
luges. Do Sola.)

/3 (From an vnn-
suallif^avou rii lili
succession of
these inunda-
tions.)

y (Caused hy the
failure of the
waters to rise to
the fertilizing
point.)

p (In the days of
Elisha) the Lord
...called for iri'a-
ininc upon the
land (of Israel)
7 )'cars. 2 Ki.8,
1.

S (More than local
causes must have
been in operation
in this case, for it
is said, that the
famine was sore
in all hands, ve.
57, and that all
the land of Ca-
naan fainted by
reason of the fa-
mine. Ch. 47,
13.)

c Ileb., heavy.

^ Or, prepared if
God.

A.M. 3610. 1
B.C. 1831. 1

GENESIS.

< GEN. 41, 7.
( 41, 57.

I 1 1 r, ov^rsftm.

! ' the lime

ft Jimt b''-

known in

nie h istory

II II .isdividfd in-
to " nnniea " or
districts, ovrr
each of vhich
was nn offiar or
governor, irith the
tille of noinarrh.
I'lc. Uib.)

I (I'onsideriiiii
the enormous ex-
port of corn from
Kijyitt, one fifth
uf the produce of
an ejctraordinnry
fertile yar trouUi
be siijicient.
Do t^ola.)

I (From the great
abundance, the
people could pay
th is increased tax
without fee.ling it
to he oppressive.
Cliirkc; Pr. 6,
6-8.

K lli'b., be not cut

off.

q I'r. 2, 6.

A Hob., be armed,
ny,kiss. Ps. 105,
21, 22.

fi (A signet or
seal-ring, which
gave validity to
the documents to
trhiih it was af-
fix,d. Pic. Bib.)
Ks. 3, 10, and 8,
2,8.

V Or, silh>

f Or, Tender fa-
ther. Ch. 45, 8.
II. b., Ahrech.
(A "native Egyp-
tian " (Origen &
Jeron)e)i which
would amount to
a proclanmtion
of naturaliza-
tion.)

0 (Prrhaps Thoth-
mts III., of whom
the monuments
shew a long and
prosperous
r'i'jn.)

ir (Which in the
Coptic sipnifies,
" A revealer of
secrets;" nr,"The
man to whom se-
crets are reveal-
ed.'' Ge.ienius (t
others render it
" sustainer of the
age.")

p (According to
Ge-senius, " Who
belongs to Neit,"
identical with the
Greek ABrivri.)

i Or, prince. Ex.
2, 16. 2 S«. 8,
la and 20, 26.

do this, and li't lilin a])p()iiit officers''
over the land, and take np the tittli*
part of the hind of Kgypt in the
seven plenteous year.s. •'^And let
them gather all the food of those
good years that come, and lay up
com under the hand' of Pharaoh,
and let them kee]) food in the cities.
'^*'And that food shall be for store to
the land against the seven years of
famine, which shall be in the land
of Kgypt ; that tlie land perish* not
through the taniine.'

^^And the thing was good in the
eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes of
all his servants. ^And Pharaoh
said unto his servants, " Can we find
such a t^ne as this /s, a man in whom
the spirit of God is ft ^'-'And Pha-
raoh said unto .Joseph, " Forasmuch
as God hath shewed thee all this,
there is none so discreet and wise as
thou art: ^^'thou slialt be over my
house, and according unto thy word
shall all my people be ruled :^ only
in the throne will 1 be greater than
thou." '*^And Pharaoh said unto
Josepli, " See, I have set thee over
all the land of Egypt."

^-'And Pharaoh took oft' his ring'^
fi'om his han<l, and put it upon Jo-
seph's hand, and arrayed him in ves-
tures of line" linen, and put a gold
chain about his neck ; ^■^and he made
him to ride in the second chariot
which he had ; and they cried before
him, " Bow^ the knee :"

And he made him ruler over all
the land of Egypt.

^^And Pharaoh" said unto Joseph,
" I am Pharaoh, and without thee
shall no man lift up his hand or foot
in all the land of JCgypt."

^•'And Pharaoh called Joseph's
name Zaphnath-paaneah ;'' and he
gave him to wife Asenathf the daugh-
ter of Poti-pherah priest* of On.'^
And .Joseph went out over all the
laud of l^gypt.

A.M. 3610. D.c. 1831. EovPT. Tki

Joseph j>rovid'S against the seven years of L'^'''
famine,

"•"AND .Joseph was thirty years old

when he stood before Pharaoh king
of I'^gypt. And .loseph went out from
the presence of i'liaraoh, and went
tliroughout all the land of Egypt.

*^ And in the seven plenteous years
the earth brought furth by handfiils.
^^And he gathered up all the food of
the seven years, whieli were in the
land of J>gvpt, and laid up the food
in the cities : the food of the field,
\vliich was round about every city,
laid he up in the same. ^'•'And Jo-
seph gathered" corn as the sand of
the sea, very much, until he left
numbering; for it was without niun-
ber.

^•^And unto .Joseph were born two
sons before the years of famine came,
which Asenath the daughter of Poti-
pherah priesf^ of ( )n bare unto liim.
•'^And Joseph called the name of the
firstborn Manasseh :^ " J^or God,"
said he, "hath made me forget all
my toil, and all my father's house."
^^And the name of the second called
he ICphraim i"^ " For God hath caused
me to be fruitful in the land of my
afHiction."

^^And the seven years of plente-
ousness, that was in the land of
Egypt, were ended. ^ And the
seven years of dearth began to come,
according as Joseph had said : and
the dearth was in all lands ;<" but in
all the land of J^gypt there was
bread.

'^And when all the land of Egypt
was famished, the peoi)le cried to
Pharaoh for bread: and Pharaoh said
unto all the Egyptians, "Go unto
.Joseph ; what he saith to you, do."

^'And the famine was over all the
face of the earth:" and .foseph opened
all the storehouses,^ and sold unto
the J]gyptians ; and the famine waxed
sore in the land of JCgypt. ''^And
allY countries came into Egypt to

T ((Bllca, J.-. 4.3,
lS,Jlith-shei,uth,
huiiKo uf the
8UU ; and Kzo.
3(), 17, Aven, lle-
lii>|Hdis. 7'hi

ht-ad iptart-rs of
(hi anritiitprirs't-
htMiti of Ijtiwer
Kyypl. Its ruin.''
nrar the village
of Matnriyeh are
still visible. Wil-
kinson.)

V (In the tomb of
Amenemhe at Be-
lli Hassan there
is a painting oj
a great store-
house, brfore the
door of which lies
a large heap of
grain already
winnowed. Xear
by stands the
bushel with which
it is fneasured,
nnd the registrar
who takes the ac-
count. Pic. Bib.;

^ Or, prince, vo.
45.

X That is, For-
getting.

<l/ That is, Fniit-
ful.

(1) (The cause of
dearth in Egypt
and in tlie neigh-
bouring countrieji
is one and the
same, vii.. the
failure of the
tropiail rains,
which fall in A-
by.Hsi>iia, d' which
have the same ori-
gin as those of
I'ldrsline. Pic.
Uib.)

o (/n the year of
the Ilejira 444, a
fa m in e took place
in Egypt on ac-
count of a defici-
ency in the in-
crease of the yUe,
which at the same
time extended
over fSyria, and
even to liaghilad.
I'ic. Bib.)

^ \le\t., all where-
in (corn) was.

y (E'lypt was a
granary where,
from the earliest
time.f, alt people
felt sure of find-
ing a plenteous
store of cfim.
Pic Bib.)

r)7

GEN. 42, 1. I
3, 10.1

43,

GENESIS.

A.M. 3618.
B.C. 1823.

Ac.-, 11.

S (Fulfilling Jo-
seph's dreams,
ch. 37, 7.)

e (Eithfr throwing
tfifinseh-es at the
fret, or ii-ith the
knees hent, the
Orientals brin;/
their forehead to
the i/rounel, and
be/ore resuming
an erect position,
fither kiss the
earth, or the feet
or border of the
garment of the
king or prince,
before lohom they
are allftvied to
appear. Kitto's
liib. Cyc.)

f Heb., hnrd
things uith them.

J (Probably Jo-
seph expected to
see his brethren,
and had formed
a deliberate plan
of action.)

) (Sent by the
tribes to whirh
ye belong to find
out if the land is
defenceless or
not)

(It is not likely
that one family
would make a
hostile attempt
upon a tvhole
kingdom.
Clarke.)

c (SweMring by
the. life of a supe-
rior or respected
person, or by
that of the person
addressed, is a
common crmver-
aaliftnal oath in
different parts of
Asia. Pic. Bib.
But it may be re-
garded as mdy n
solemn protesta-
tion. Cb. 43, 3.
Hannah protested
"by tbe soul"
of Eli, and Ab-
ner by the soul
of Saul. 1 Sa. 1,
26, and 17, 55.)

.Joseph for to buy cor7i ; because that
the famine was so sore in all lands.

y-T TT 1 A.M. 3618. B.C. 1823. Egypt. [ PCO
-^■•-'•'--'-•J The first journey of Joseph's |_"~
brethren into Egypt.

NOW when Jacob saw that there
Avas corn in Egypt, Jacob said
unto his sons, " Why do ye look one
upon another?" ^Andhesaid, "Be-
hold, I have heard that there is corn
in Egypt : get you down thither, and
buy for us from thence ; that we may
live, and not die."

^And Joseph's ten brethren went
down to buy corn in Egypt. *But
Benjamin, Joseph's brother, Jacob
sent not with his brethren ; for he
said, " Lest perad venture mischief
befal him." ^ And the sons of Israel
came to buy co)'7i among those that
came : for the famine was in the land
of Canaan.'"

^And Joseph ivas the governor
over the land, and he it 7ca,s that
sold to all the people of the land :
and Joseph's brethren came, and
bowed* down themselves before him
it'ith their faces to the earth. ^ ^And
.Joseph saw his brethren, and he knew
them, but made himself strange unto
them, and spake roughly^ unto them ;
and he said unto them, " Whence
come ye ?"

And they said, " From the land
of Canaan to buy food."

^And Joseph knew his brethren,
but they knew not liiin.'' ^And Jo-
seph remembered the dreams which
he dreamed of them, and said unto
them, " Ye are spies f to see the
nakedness of the land ye are come."

^''And they said unto him, "Nay,
my lord, but to buy food are thy
servants come. ^^ We are all one
man's sons ;' we are true men, thy
servants are no spies."

^2 And he said unto them, "Nay,
but to see the nakedness of the land
ye are come."

^^And they said, "Thy servants

«re twelve brethren, the sons of one
man in the land of Canaan ; and, be-
hold, the youngest is this day with
our father, and one is not."

^■^And Joseph said unto them,
" That is it that I spake unto you,
saying, ' Ye are spies :' ^^ hereby ye
shall be proved : by the life'' of Pha-
raoh ye shall not go forth hence,
except your youngest brother come
hither. ^^Send one of you, and let
him fetch yoiu- brother, and ye shall
be keptA in prison, that your words
may be proved, whether there be any
truth in you : or else by the life of
I'haraoh surely ye are spies."

^'^And he put/^ them all together
into ward three days.

^^And Joseph said unto them the
third day, " This do, and live ; for
I fear God :" ^^if ye be true 7nen, let
one of your brethren be bound in the
house of your prison : go ye, carry
corn for the famine of your houses :
^''but bring your youngest brother
unto me ; so shall your words be
verified,^ and ye shall not die."

And they did so.

2' And they said" one to another,
" We are verily guilty* concerning
our brother, in that we saw the an-
guish of his soul, when he besought
us, and we would not hear ; therefore
is this distress come*^ upon us."

^^And Reuben" answered them,
saying, " Spake I not unto you, say-
ing, ' Do not sin against the child;'
and ye woidd not hear ? therefore,
behold, also his blood is required.""

2^ And they knew not that Joseph
understood them ; for he spake'^ unto
them by an interpreter.P ^*And he
turned himself about from them, and
wept ; and returned to them again,
and communed with them, and took
from them Simeon, and bound him
before their eyes.

2'' Then Joseph commanded to fill
their sacks'^ with corn, and to restore
every man's money into his sack,
and to give them provision for the

A llcb., bound.

IX Hcb., gathered.

V (lama worship-
per of the true
God, and ye have
nothing to fear.
Clai-kf.)

f (Joseph wished
to ascertain if
his brethren were
still the evil men
they once appear
ed likely to be-
come.)

o (The true cure
for unrest, when-
ever a man loses
his serenity, is to
look for that de-
fect in himself
which the outward
annoyance was
best calculated to
expose, and, by
exposing, to lead
to rectify. Even-
ing Thoughts.)

s Job 36, 8, 9. Ho.
5,15.

(Pr.21, 13. Mat.

7,2.

u Ch. 37, 21.

V Ch. 9, 5. 1 Ki.
2,32. 2Chr. 24,
22. Ps. 9, 12.
Lu. 11, 50, 51.

Tt Heb., an inter-
preter was be-
tween them.

p (We have many
evidences in this
book that the
Egyptians, He-
brews, Canaan-
ites, and Syrians
could understand
each other in a
general way,
though there arc
also proofs that
there was a con-
siderable differ-
ence in their dia-
lects. Clarke.)

o- (Drrba keley-
boin, their ves-
sels ; probably
large woollen
bags, or baskets
linedwith leather,
vihich, as Char-
din says, are still
used through all
Asia. Clarke.)

A.M. 3619. 1
B.C. 1822. ;

GENESIS.

i GEN. 42, 1.
1 43, 10.

? (The ass is fre-
qnenlhj rrpre-
seiited on the E-
gijptian monu-
ments with pan-
niers on its back.)

T (.pi? sak ; proba-

blij only a small
sack or bag, in
which each had
reservrii a suffi-
ciency of corn for
his ass duriny the
Journey. Clarke.)

V (The place at
which they stop-
ped to bait or rest
themselves it their
asses. There were
no such places of
entertainment at
that time in the
desert, nor are
there any at the
present day,
Clarke.)

if) Heb., went forth.

\ Heb., with us
Itard thinys.

0 (Joseph appears
In have nppre-
hrnded that his
hrfthren had sa-
crificed to their
Jealousy Benja-
min also,their fa-
ther s only re-
maining J'avour-
ite. Kitto.)

a (The money of
each returned in-
to his own bag
seemed beyond a
casualty, <t there-
fore they were
afraid. De Sola.)

way : and thus did he unto them.
^*^And they hided their asses' with
the corn, and departed thence.

2^ And as one of them opened his
sack'' to give liis ass provender in the
inn," he espied liis money ! for, be-
hold, it u'as in his sack's mouth.
'^'^And he said unto his brethren,
'' My money is restored ; and, k),
it is even in my sack:"

And their heart failed*^ them, and
they were afraid, saying one to ano-
ther, "AVhat/s this that (Jod hath
done unto us ?"

^And they came imto Jacob their
father unto the hmd of Canaan, and
tokl him all that befel unto them ;
saying, •^'^"' The man, icho is the lord
of the land, spake roughly^ to us,
and took us for spies of the country.
^^And we said unto him, 'We are
tnie men ; we are no spies : ^^Ave be
twelve brethren, sons of our father ;
one is not, and the youngest is this
day with our father in the land of
Canaan.' ^And the man, the lord
of the country, said unto us, ' Hereby
shall I know that ye ai^e true 7nen ;
leave one of yom- brethren here with
me, and take food foi- the famine of
your households, and be gone : ^and
bring your youngest brothci*' unto
me : then shall 1 know that ye are
no spies, but that ye are true men :
so will I deliver you your brother,
and ye shall traffick in the land.' "

^And it came to pass as they
emptied their sacks, that, behold,
every man's bundle of money icas in
his sack : and when both they and
their father saw the bundles of money,
they were afraid."

^ And Jacob their father said unto
them, " Me have ye bereaved of my
children : .Joseph is not, and Simeon
is not, and ye will take IkMijamin
away: all these things are against
me."

^'^And Reuben spake unto his fa-
ther, saying, " Ii^lay my two sons,
if 1 bring him not to thee : deliver

him into my hand, and I will bring
him to thee again."

•^And he said, "My son shall not
go down with you ; for his brother
is dead, and he is left alone : if mis-
chief befal him by the way in the
which ye go, then shall ye bring
down my gray hairs with sorrow to
the grave. ''^

YJ TTT 1 A.M. 3610. B.C. 1822. Eovpt. r.-:o
-^ »--'-'•'■ -LA -J The second Journey of Joseph's |_^^
brethren into Egypt.

AND the famine ?r«s sore in the
land. ""^And it came to pass,
\\hen they had eaten up the com
which they had brought out of Kgypt,
their father said imto them, "Go
again, buy us a little food."

^And Judah spake unto him, say-
ing, "The man did solemnly protests
unto us, saying, ' Ye shall not see
my face, except your brother be with
you.' ^ If thou wilt send our brother
with us, we will go down and buy thee
food : ^ but if thou wilt not send him,
we will not go down : for the man said
unto us, ' Ye shall not see my face,
except your brother be with you.' "

''And Israel said, "Wherefore dealt
ye so ill with me, as to tell the man
whether ye had yet a brother?"

''And they said, "The man asked*
us straitly of our state, and of our
kindred, saying, '/s your father yet
alive ? have ye another brother ?'
and we told him according to the
tenoi-* of these words : could we
certainly know^ that he would say,
' IJring your brother down?' "

^And Judah said unto Israel his
father, " Send the lad*) with me, and
we will arise and go ; that we may
live, and not die, both we, and thou,
and also our little ones. ^I will be
surety for him ; of my hand shalt
thou require liim : if I bring him not
unto tiiee, and set him before thee,
then let me bear the blame for ever :
^^' for except we had lingered, surely
now we had returned this second
time."*

P (Nothing can be
more tender and
picturesque than
the words of the
venerable patri-
arch. EuU of af-
fection for his
loved Itachel, he
cannot think of
parting with Jien-
Jamin, the only
remaining pledge
of that love, now
Joseph, as he sup-
poses, is no more,
We seem to be-
hold the gray-
headed venerable
J'nthrr pleading
with his sons, the
beloveil Benjamin
standing by his
side, impatient
sorrow in t/ieir
countenance, and
in his, all the
bletding anxiety
of paternal love.
It will be dijjicult
to find in any au-
thor, ancient or
modern, a more
ejcquisite picture.
Dodd.)

■y Hob, protesting
protested.

B Hcb., asking
«.vA<</ us.

e Hcb., mouth.

f Hcb., knowing
could we know.

>) (In the original
iioriV yeled, lad,
but 153 iiaar,
t/outh, or young
man. 1 Sa. 30,
17. 1 Cbr. 12, 8.
Is. 65, 20. They
are however used
indefinitely. See
Cb. 4, 13. 1 Ki.
12, 8. Ex. 2, C.)

0 Or, twice by Ihi*.

GEN. 43, 11. 1

44, 22. j

GENESIS.

( A.M. 3G19.
'( B.C. 1822.

I (HJ? tzeri. See
ChV37, 25.)

K (See Ch. 37, 25.
HNDD necoth.
This gum has al-
ways been highly
esteemed in east-
ern countries.)

K (See Ch. 37, 25.
Ladanumconsista
of resin and vola-
tile oil, and is
highly J'rayrmit,
and stimulant as
a medicine.)

pistachio nuts ;
the kernel, which
is of a green co-
tour, covered with
a red film, is soft,
oily, and very
agreeable to the
tiste, having very
much resembla nee
to the sweet al-
mond in jUivour.
Pic. Bib.)

" (c'l|7l^ slieke-
dim.' The al-
mond tree yroirs
abundantly in

tPalestine.)

^ Or, And I, as I
have been, &c.

Heb., kill a
killing. 1 Sil. 25,
11. (7%i3 ex-
pression is ex-
actly the same as
is used by the
A rubs on the
.fame occasion.)

tt( The a n im a I food
which was eaten
in Egypt was
principally beef
and goose; also
the ibex, kerotis,
ducks, itc., anil
fish of many
kinds.)

p \leh., eat. (Meal
was either spitti-d
and turned by
hand over a fin:,
of charcoal in a
pan, or boiled in
cfildrons, placed
on tripods over a
fire of faggots.)

s (A nitttirid pic-
ture of the con-
duct of men, from
the country in
Asia, when taken
into the house of
a superior. I'ic.
Bib.)

T llcb., roll him-
silf upon us.
Job 30, 14.

V (I'ardon me, my
lord. Gcscnius
up. De Sola.)

</> Ilcb., coming
dnvm we came
ilown.

^^ And their father Israel said unto
them, " If it must be so now, do this;
take of the best fiaiits in the land in
your vessels, and carry down the
man a present, a little balm,"^ and a
little honey, spices,'' and myrrh,^
nuts,*^ and almonds:'' ^^and take dou-
ble money in your hand ; and tne
money that was brought again in the
mouth of your sacks, carry it again
in yom* hand ; peradventure it was
an oversight: ^^take also your bro-
ther, and arise, go again unto the
man: ^''and God Almighty give you
mercy before the man, that he may
send away your other brother, and
Benjamin. If I be^ bereaved of my
children., I am bereaved."

^^And the men took that present,
and they took double money in their
hand, and Benjamin ; and rose up,
and went down to Egypt, and stood
before Joseph.

^^ And when Joseph saw Benjamin
with them, he said to tlie ruler of his
house, " luring these men home, and
slay,° and make ready ;'^ for these
men shall dineP with me at noon."

^^ And the man did as Joseph bade;
and the man brought the men into
Joseph's house,

^^ And the men were afraid,^ be-
cause they were brought into Joseph's
house ; and they said, " Because of
the money that was returned in our
sacks at the first time are we brouglit
in; that he may seek'^ occasion against
us, and fall upon us, and take us for
bondmen, and our asses."

^^And they came near to the stew-
ard of Joseph's house, and they com-
muned with him at the door of the
house, ^'^'and said, "0 sir," we"^ came
indeed down at the first time to buy
food : ^^ and it came to pass, when
we came to the inn, that we opened
our sacks, and, behold, ei^rri/ man's
money teas in the mouth of liis sack,
our money in full weight : and we
have brought it again in our hand.
'"^^And other monev have we brought

down in om* hands to buy food : we
cannot tell who put our money in
our sacks,"

^^ And he said, " Peaces he to you,
fear not : your God, and the God of
your father, hath given you treasure
in your sacks: I had your money."'''

And he brought Simeon out unto
them."

^*And the man brought the men
into Joseph's house, and gave" them
water, and they washed their feet ;
and he gave their asses provender,
'"^^And they made ready the present
against Joseph came at noon : for
they heard that they should eat bread
there,

^•^And when Joseph came home,
they brought him the present which
ivas in their hand into the house,
and bowed themselves to hiin to the
earth,

^'' And he asked them of their wel-
fare,^ and said, "/s your father well,')'
the old man of whom ye spake ? Is
he yet alive ?"

^**And they answered, "Thy ser-
vant our father is in good health, he
is yet alive."

And they bowed down their heads,
and made obeisance.

'^^And he lifted up his eyes, and
saw his brother Benjamin, his mo-
ther's son, and said, " Is this your
younger brother, of whom ye spake
unto me ?" And he said, " God be
gracious unto thee, my son."

•^'^And Joseph made haste ; for his
bowels^ did yearn upon his brother :
and he sought where to weep ; and
lie entered into his chamber, and
wept there. ^^And he washed his
face, and went out, and refrained
himself, and said, " Set on bread,"*
^^And they set on for him by him-
self,^ and for them by themselves,
and for the Egyptians,'' which did
eat with him, by themselves : be-
cause the Egyptians might not eat
bread with the Hebrews ; for that is
an abomination unto the Egyptians,

X (This salutation

was intended to
allay their dis-
tress of mind.
Do Sola.)

i// Ileb., your mo-
ney came to me.

CO (Who had pro-
hahly injoyedgood
Ircatlniiil, thus
a. fs II ring them
thill iiolliiiig wa^
imputed to them
on account of the
mom:!/, and that
the vhole busi-
ness would trrini-
nate happily. ]Je
Sola.)

a (The ewers and
basons for this
purpose are re
presented on thi
monuments.) Ch.
18,4, and 24, 32.)

3 Ileb., peace.
Ch. 37, 14.

7 Heb., Is there
peace to your fa-
ther i

S (Often }>ut by
the Hebrew wri-
ters for the in-
ternal parts ge-
nerally, the inner
man, and so also
for " heart," as
we jise that term.
1 Ki. 3, 26. Job
.30, 27. l^s. 25,
6 mar., and 40, 8
mar. Pr. 12, 10
mar. Is. 16, 11.
Je. 31, 20.)

e (The monuments
shew that at din-
ner small and low
circular tables
were used, stand-
ing OH a .^iitgle
jiilliir, Willi a di-
lalidhii.ie: some-
tharsimi of Ihe.ie
VMisappropriated
to each guest.)

^ (Joseph keeps
strictly to Egyp-
tian eu.itnm,which
}>rohibit.ed the
pricnts and rulers
from Joining the
rest of the com-
pany.)

r) (The Egyptians
would not eat
with .itriiiigi'rs,
nor have iiinj so-
cial intercoiirsr
with the jfeojde
of another coun-
try. Pliilippson.)

<K>

A.M. 3619. 1
B.C. 1822. 1

GENESIS.

( 0£N. 43, 11.
i 44,22.

$ (Thf custom of
recliiihiy at iiuah
w<U) unknown in
ancient K'jypt /
t/icy saton choirn,
thfj'ormsof which
ircri- very various
and elrgaiit.)

I (Odicacii's.)

K (Five times as a
mark of distinc-
tion ; a similar
usage prevails
among the I'er-
s id ns ct Hindoos.)

A Ilcb, drank
largely. See

Hag. 1, 6. Jno.
a, lu.

ft lit'))., Iiini thnt
wa.s over his
/louse.

V (In general the
J'-ijyptians drank
out of hraztn
cups. Haver-
uick.)

f (The money he-
iii'l also restored
uiiiild lead to the
coiirlusion that
th'' same agency
which had put
the one, had put
the other.)

o Or, makfth tri-
al f (^^ot that
Joseph practised
any kind of difi-
nation, hut as the
whole tran.iar.tion
was merely in-
teiiiUd to deceive
his brtthrm for
a shitrt time, he
might as well af-
fect divination by
his cup, as he af-
fert-d to believe
'thei/ had stolen it.
Chirkc.)

ir (If we .subjected
ourselves to the
incftnveni' nee, —
ifwpossessedthe
hoiitsty, — to car-
ry tnuk money
put Into our sacks
by mistake from
the land of Ca-
naan, hotc should
we be guilty of .10
serious a depre-
iliiti: n as to steal
your master's
• up ! Liiidcii-
th;il.)

^•''xVnd tlicv sat^ before liiin, tlio first-
born accordiiii; to his birtlirif^lit, untl
the youngest accordiiij^ to bis youth :
anil tile men marvelled one at another.
•^' And he toolv and sent messes' unto
them from before him : but Benja-
min's mess was five* times so much
as any of their's. And they drank,
and were merry^ with him.

VT jy "I A.M. 3619. B.r. 1822. Eotpt. \r\\
-^--L'A ' -J Joseph tests the truthfulness \_^^
of his brethren.

AND he commanded the steward**
of his house, .saying, " I'ill the
men's sacks icith food, as mueh as
they can carry, and put every man's
money in his sack's mouth. ^And
put my cup, the silver'' cup, in the
sack's mouth of the youngest, and
his corn^ money."

And lie did according to the word
that .loseph had spoken.

^As soon as the moniingwas light,
the men were sent away, they and
tlieir asses.

^And when they were gone out of
the city, and not yet far oft", Joseph
said unto his steward, " Up, follow
after the men ; and when thou dost
overtake them, say unto them,
' Wherefore have ye rewarded evil
for good? ^ Is not this it in which
my lord drinketh, and whereby in-
deed he divineth?" ye have done evil
in so doing.' "

*^.Vnd he overtook them, and lie
spake unto them these same words.

'^ And they said unto him, " Wliere-
fore saith my lord these words? (iod
forbid that thy servants shoxdd do
according to this thing : ^behold, the
money, which we found in our sacks'
mouths, we brought again unto thee
out of the land of Canaan: how" tlien
shovdd we steal out of thy lord's house
silver or gold ':' ^With whomsoever
of thy servants it be found, both let
him die, and we also will be my lord's
bondmen.''

^'Wnd he said, "Now ahso let it
he according: unto your words : he

with whom it is found shall be my
servant ; and ye shall be blameless."

''Then they speedily took down
every man his sack to the ground,
and opened every man his sack.
'^And he searched, and began at
the eldest,P and left at the youngest :
and the cup was found in Benjamin's
sack.

^■^Then they rent their clothes, and
laded every man his ass, and returned
to the city.

^^And Judah and his brethren
came to Joseph's house; for he icas
yet there : and they fell before him
on the ground.

^^ And Joseph said imto them,
" What deed is this that ye have
d(me '? wot ye not that such' a man
as I can certainly divine":'''

1*5 And Judah said, "What shall
we say unto my lord"? what shall
we speak '? or how shall we clear
ourselves'? (Jod hath found out the
iniquity'' of thy servants : behold,
we are my lord's servants, both we,
and he also with whom the cup" is
found."

*^And he said, "God forbid"' that
I should do so: but the man in whose
hand the cup is found,''' he shall be
my servant ; and as for you, get you
up in peace unto your father."

^**Then Judah came near unto
him, and .said, " Oh my lord, let thy
servant, I pray thee, speakx a word
in my lord's ears, and let not thine
anger burn against thy servant : for
thou art even as Tharaoh. ^'-'My lord
asked his servants, saying, ' Have ye
a father, or a brother 'r'' '-^"And we
said unto my lord, ' We have a fa-
ther, an old man, and a child of his
old age, a little one; and his brother
is dead, and he alone is left of his
mother, and his father loveth liini.'
■^'And thou saidst unto thy servants,
' Bring him down unto me, that I
may set mine eyes upon him.' '•"And
we said unto my lord, ' The lad can-
not leave his father : for if he should

p (To prevent any
possibility of tu»-
pecting his know-
bdge of the affair.
Ua.shl ap. Dc
Sula.)

f (An Egyptian
of high rank, ini-
tiated in the sa-
cred mysteries.)

T (Xo words can
viore strongly
mark confusimt
aiut perturbation
of mind.)

V (In this matter
Joseph's brethren
redeem their cha-
racter, andJwlah
nobly discharges
his duty, shewing
the deepest regard
for his aged fa-
ther's Jeelinys, <£•
entreating for the
liberation of lien
jamin at tlie price
of his own li-
berty.)

w Pr. 17, 15.

(^ (The sacred cup
is a syudiol of Uie
Xile, into whose
waters a gohUn
and silver pal' ra
were annually
thrown. Pliny.
This cup is also
described as a
prophetic one,
Imparting know-
ledge of the fu-
ture.

We can only ex-
plain this by sup-
posing a very
particular ac-
quaintance with
f-gypt on the jtart
of the writer.
llaveniick.)

Jf (In the whole of
literature we

know of nothing
more simple, na-
tural, true ami
impressive ; nor,
wh He passages of
this kind stand in
the I'enlateuck,
c/in we even un-
derstand what Is
meant by terming
the collecliin of
writings " The
lltbr.'w n.itiunal
epic," or regard-
ing It as an ag-
gregation of his-
tiiricxil legends.
If here we have
not history, we
can in no case he
sure t/uit history
is lief ore us,
Kitio's £ib.Cye.)

a I

GEN. 44, 23. }

46, 10. ;

GENESIS.

rA.M.3619.
1 B.C. 1822.

T (It was ner.essary
thaUTuilah should
remind the Ejyp-
tiati lord, that it
Wits by his ex-
press command
their father had
been compelled to
consent to the de-
parture of Ben-
jamin. Ibid.)

V (He depicts most
forcibly the love
of their father
for his youngest
son, and the re-
luctance and de-
spondency witli
which he had suf-
fered Benjamin
to depart. Ra-
pball.)

if>(.Tudah isfearful
of 'jiving offence
by stating plainly
that the d-at'h
which threatened
theirfather might
be considered as
caused by the K-
gyptions unjust
and unfoundi'd
suspicio)is. Ibid.)

\( Whatever suf-
ferings may he-
tide me, I vill
firmly endure
them, if by so do-
ing I can ransom
my brother.
Ibid.)

i// Hcb., find my
father. Ex. 18,
8. Job 31, 2!).
Vs. 116, 3, and
119, 143.

u) (Tlie beauties of
this chapter are
.10 striking, that
it irouUl be an in-
dignity to the
reader's judg-
ment to point
them out. All
who can read ami
feel must be sen-
sible of them, as
there is perhaps
nothing in sacred
or profane his-
tory more highly
wrought up, more
interesting, or af-
fecting. Uodd.j

leave his father, Ids father would
die.' 23 And thou saidst unto thy sei'-
vants, ' Except your youngest bro-
ther come down with you, ye shall
see my face no more.''" ^* And it came
to pass when we came up unto thy
servant my father, we told him the
words of my lord. ^^And our father
said, ' Go again, and buy us a little
food.' 2*^ And we said, ' We cannot
go down : if our youngest brother be
with us, then will we go down : for
we may not see the man's face, ex-
cept our youngest brother be with
us.' 2"^ And thy servant my father
said unto us, ' Ye know that my wife
bare me two sons: ^^and the one
went out from me, and I said. Surely
he is torn in pieces ; and I saw him
not since : ^^ and if ye take this also
from me, and mischief befal him,
ye shall bring down my gray hairs
with sorrow to the grave.'" ^^ Now
therefore when I come to thy servant
my father, and the lad be not with
us ; seeing that his life is bound up
in the lad's life ; ^^ it shall come to
pass, when he seeth that the lad is
not ivith ?/s, that he will die i*^ and thy
servants shall bring doAvn the gray
hairs of thy servant our father with
sorrow to the grave. ^'^ For thy ser-
vant became surety for the lad unto
my father, saying, ' If I bring him
not unto thee, then I shall bear the
blame to my father for ever.' ^^Now
therefore, I pray thee, let thy ser-
vant abide instead of the lad a bond-
man to my lord ; and let the lad go u])
with his brethren.^ •''"* For how shall
I go up to my father, and the lad be
not with me? lest peradventure 1
see the evil that shall come on my
father. "'A

.[55

\T V 1 A.M. .3619. B.C. 1822. Egypt
'^*-'-' ■ J Joseph makes himself known to h
brethren.

THEN Joseph could not refrain
himself before all them that stood
by him ; and lie cried, " Cause every
man to go out from me.""

And there stood no man with him,
while Joseph made himself known
unto his brethren. ^ And he wept"
aloud : and the Egyptians and the
house of Pharaoh heard.

''And Joseph said unto his bre-
thren, " I am Joseph ; doth my fa-
ther yet live '?"

And his brethren could not answer
him ; for they were troubled^ at his
presence.

^And Joseph said imto his bi-e-
thren, "Come near to me, 1 pray
you." And they came near. And he
said, " I am Joseph your brother,
whom ye sold into Egypt. ^Now
therefore be not gi-ieved,"*" nor angry
with yourselves, that ye sold me hither :
for God did send me before you to pre-
serve life.^ ^For these two years hath
the famine been in the land : and yet
there are five years, in the which
there shall neither be caring* nor har-
vest. '^And God sent me before you
to preserve you a posterity^ in the
earth, and to save your lives by a
great deliverance. ^8o now it was
not you that sent me hither, but God:
and He hath made me a father^ to
Pharaoh, and lord of all his house,
and a ruler throughout all the land
of Egypt. ^ Haste ye, and go up to
my father, and say unto him, ' Thus
saith thy son Joseph, God'' hath made
me lord of all Egypt : come down
unto me, tarry not: ^"and thou shalt
dwell in the land of Goshen,^ and
thou shalt be near unto me, thou,
and thy children, and thy children's
children, and thy flocks, and thy
herds, and all that thou hast : ^^ and
there will I nourish thee ; for yet
there are five years of famine ; lest
thou, and thy household, and all that
thou hast, come to poverty.' ^'-And,
behold, your eyes see, and the eyes
of my brother Jienjamin, that it is
my mouth' that speaketh unt.o you.
^■'^And ye shall tell my father of all
my glory in Egypt, and of all that
ye have seen ; and ye shall haste and
bring down my father hither."

a Hub., gave forth
his voice in weep-
ing. Nu. 14, 1.

;8 Or, terrified.

y Heb., neither let
there be anger in
your eyes.

X He sent a man
beforethem even
Joseph, wjio was
sold for a ser-
vant. Vs. 105,
17.

S (Ploughing, or,
seeii-time . De-
rived either from
the Latin, arc, or
the Anglo-Saxon,
erian. Cotton.)

€ Heb., to put for
you a remnant.

^ (Such is usually
the designation
which, tlirough-
oul the East, the
people give to the
Grand Vizier.)
Ch.41, 43. Ju.
17,10. Job 29,16.

rj (That his father
inight not think
he hud purchased
his elevation at
the expense of his
faith.)

9 (In LowerEgypt,
on the east side
of the Pelusiac
branch of the
Nile. This dis-
trict, in ancient
times, abundantly
supplied the ad-
vantages of a wide
space and good
pasture ground.
Being a frontier
province, it was
exposed to inva-
sion from Assy-
ria, and it was
from this part of
Egypt that the
Shepherd Kings
had recently been
expelled, and it
tens at this lime
uiioeeupied by the
Eijyptians.)

I (Referring to his
now speaking
without the inter-
vention of an in-
terprcter.)

A.M. 3619. 1
B.C. 1822. {

GLM^iiS.

J GEN. 44, 23.
( 46, 10.

I K(Their hesiUition
I and humility soon
I give way be/ore
I ttie kindliness of
I his manner, until
at length they
speak to him
freely and in a
\ vtanner becoming
their near affini-
ty. Kaphall.)

\ Hob., was good
I in the eyes of'
j Pliaraoh. Cli.4i,
37.

y.(Theb'St,ch.27,

28. Nil. 18, 12,

29. So soil is
better than tlie ir-
rigated soil of
the, d'.i'rt. \\"\\-
kinsuii.)

v( ^yhe(l carriages
oj some kind.
They do not seem
to have been in
use among the
Kgyptians.)

f Heb., Ut not
your eye spare,
(tc.

3 Hob.,
Nil. 3,

mouth.
16.

IT ( Thii royal com-
mand was neci-s-
sary to aiithorisr
llie carrying wa-
gons out of K-
gypt, which was
strictly prohibi
ed (IfiishbaniX
probably to pre-
vent the too rapid
exportation of
the corn. Kiin-
chi ap.Kaphall.j

p (It is still the
custom in the
East to make pre-
sents of raiment
to those whom it
is designed to
hotwur.)

$ Heb., carrying.

l'TT..b., Am.

lie disciples)
' ved not for
i!id wonder-
.1.11.24, 41.

^■•And he fell upon his brother Ben-
jamin's neck, and wept ; and Henja-
niin wept n])()n his neck. ^''Moreover
he kissed all his brethren, and wept
upon them : and after that his bre-
thren talked* with him.

*^ And the fame thereof was heard
in Pharaoh's house, saying, "Joseph's
brethren are come :" and it pleased^
Pharaoh well, and his servants.

^"^And Pharaoh said unto .Joseph,
"Say unto thy brethren. This do ye;
lade your beasts, and go, get you
unto the land of Canaan ; ^^and take
your father and your households, and
come unto me : and I will give you
the good of the land of Egypt, and
ye shall eat the fat/^ of the land.
*^Now thou art commanded, this do
ye; take you wagons'" out of the land
of Kgypt for your little ones, and for
your wives, and bring your father,
and come. ^Also regard^ not your
stuff; for the good of all the land of
Egypt is your's."

^^And the children of Israel did
so : and Joseph gave them wagons,
according to the commandment" of
Pharaoh,'^ and gave them provision
for the way. '-^^To all of them he
gave each man changes of raiment ;
but to Benjamin he gave three \\\m.-
Ay(}A pieces of silver, and five changes
of raiment.P '"^And to his father he
sent after this manner ; ten asses
laden^ with the good things of I'gypt,
and ten she asses laden with corn
and bread and meat for his father by
the way. ^*So he sent his brethren
away, and they departed : and he
said unto them, " .See that ye fall
not out by the way."

25 And they went up out of Egypt,
and came into the land of Canaan
unto Jacob their father, '^'^and told
him, saying, " Joseph is yet alive,
and he is governor over all the land
of Egypt."

And Jacob's'' heart fainted,y for
he believed them not. '^'^And they

told him all the words of Josei)h,
which he had said unto them : and
when he saw the wagons" which Jo-
seph had sent to carry him, the spirit
of Jacob their father revived ; ''"^and
Israel said, " It is enough ; Joseph
my son is yet alive : 1 will go and
see him before I die."

YJ YJ 1 A.M. 3619. B.C. 1822. Egypt. Trf,
-'*"'-' ^ -'••J Israel with his family goes down [_"'-'
into Egypt.

AND Israel took his journey with
all that he had, and came to
Beer-sheba, and offered sacrifices'''
unto the God of his father Isaac.

^ And God spake unto Israel in the
visions of the night, and said, "Ja-
cob, Jacob."

And he said, " Here am I."
^And lie said, "I am God, the
God of thy father : fear not to go
down into Egypt ; for I will there
make of thee a great nation :X * I
will go down with thee into Egypt ;
and i will also surely bring tliee up"''
again: and .Joseph shall put his hand
upon thine eyes,""

5 And Jacob rose up from Beer-
sheba : and the sons of Israel carried
Jacob their father, and their little
ones, and their wives, in the wagons
which Pharaoh" had sent to carry
him. ''And they took their cattle,
and their goods, which they had
gotten in the land of (,'anaan, and
came into Egypt, Jacob,- and all his
seed with him : '^his sons, and his
sons' sons Avith him, his daughters,
and his sons' daughters, and all his
seed brought he with him into
Egypt.

8 And these ore the names of the
children of Israel, which came into
Egypt, Jacob and his sons : Keuben,
.Jacob's firstborn. ''And the sons of
l?euben ; llanoch, and Phallu, and
Ilezron, and Canni.

'"^And the sons of Simeon; Je-
muel,^ and Jainin, and Ohad, and

u (Since none but
a person highly
interested in his
comfort, and pos-
sessed of great
injiuf-nce and au-
thority, c^juld
have sent them.
liai'liall.;

<f> (Probably with
a vit w of inquir-
ing of God at
this consecrated
place as to the
propriety of this
journey.)

X (Forming one
united body in a
higher stage of
civilization than
their pre.ient no-
made habits ad-
mitted.)

\p (In numbers suf-
Jicient to expel the
Canaanites.)

ut (Close thy dying

eyes.)

a (This is repeat-
edly named in or-
der to prove that
it teas not only
with the mo-
narch's consent <t-
permission, but by
his sprcial invi
lation, that the
cJi ildren of Israel
immigrated into
Egypt. I'bilipp
sun up. Kaphall.)

z A Syrian ready
to pi'rish was
my ffttlier ; and
lie went down
into K|?jpt and
Bojiiiinifd there
with a few, and
became there a
nation, preat,
miKhty, and po-
pnlou.s. De. 26,
5. .los. 24, 4
I'x. 106, 23. Is.
52,4.

0 Or, Xemuel.
Nn. 26, 12.

GEN. 46, 11. 1
47, 22. /

GENESIS.

rA.M. 3619.
L B.C. 1822.

Nu.

Nu.
Nil.

y Or, Jarib.

5 Or, Ztrah. 1
Chr. 4, 24.

6 (According toA-
ben Ezra, Simeon
and Jadak were
tlie only ones a-
mong Jacob's sons
who married Ca-
mianitish women.
Kaphall.)

for, Gcrskom.

T) OVfPuii, andJa-
hab. >;u. 26, 24.

B (l^hirtg-two in
all, Jacnb himself
bisinq the thirty-
third.)

Xephon. Nu. 2G,
1.%

Or, Ozni.
26, 16.

A Or, Arod.

IX. Or, prince,

i> Ahiram.
26,38.

f Shupham.
26, 39 ; £t- Shup-
pim. 1 Chr. 7,
12.

0 Hnpham. Nu.
26, 42.

77 Shuham. Nu.
26, 39.

p JIcl)., thigh.
(DescencUints of

Leah 32

y/ilpah 16

Ilachel 11

Bilhah 7

66
// to this number
— 66, who were
strictly his des-
cendants, we add
his sons^ wives,
amounting to 9,
/or Simeon's and
Judah's were
dead, ti Joseph's
vjas already in
Egypt, there is a
perfect harmony
with the statement
of Slephen,Thi!n
.sent .Joseph and
calhid lii.s father
.Jacob and all
his kindred,
three score and
fifteen souls.
Ac. 7, 14. Ste-
phen follows the
Septuagint. The
same variation
exists Ex. 1, 5.)
cr(The existence of
the Israelitish na-
tion is closely con-
nected with that
of the family in
Canaan. On tak-
ing possession of
the land of Ca-
naan, such only
of the grandsons
of Jacob as were
born previous to
going to Egypt
were considered
as founders of fa-
milies. Uaphall.)

Jacliin,>' and Zohar,^ and Shaiil the
son of a C'anaanitish^ woman.

^^ And the sons of Levi ; Gershon,^
Kohath, and Merari.

^- And the sons of Jiidah ; Er, and
Onan, and 8helah, and Pliarez, and
Zarah : but Er and Onan died in the
hmd of Canaan. And the sons of
Pharez were Hezron and Haiuul.

^^ And the sons of Issachar; Tola,
and Phuvah,'' and Job,'' and Shimron.

^"^ And the sons of Zebulun ; Sered,
and Elon, and JahleeL ^^ These be
the sons of Leah, which she bare
unto Jacob in Padan-aram, with his
daughter Dinah : all the souls of his
sons and his daughters icere thirty
and three. ^

^^And the sons of Gad; Ziphion,*-
and Haggi, Shuni, and Ezbon," Eri,
and Arodi,"^ and Areli.

^'^And the sons of Asher ; Jimnah,
and Ishnah, and Isui, and Beriah,
and 8erah their sister : and the sons
of Beriah ; Heber, and Malchiel.
^^ These are the sons of Zilpah, whom
Laban ga^-e to Leah his daughter,
and these she bare unto Jacob, even
sixteen souls,

^^ The sons of Rachel Jacob's wife;
Joseph, and Benjamin.

^^And unto Joseph in the land
of Egypt were born Manasseh and
Ephraim, which Asenath the daugh-
ter of Poti-pherah priest/^ of On bare
unto him.

^^And the sons of Benjamin were
Belah, and Becher, and Ashbel, Gera,
and Naaman, Elii," and Rosh, Mup-
pim,f and Iluppim," and Ard. '-^^These
are the sons of Rachel, which were
bom to Jacob : all the souls were
fourteen.

^^ And the sons of Dan ; Hushim.'^

^^And the sons of Naphtali ; Jah-
zeel, and (iuni, and Jezer, and Shil-
lem. '^-^ These are the sons of Bil-
liah, which Laban gave unto Rachel
liis daughter, and she bare these unto
Jacob : all the souls were seven.

^^All the souls that came with

.Jacob into Egypt, which came out
of his loins,P besides Jacob's sons'
wives, all the souls were threescore
and six ; ^"^and the sons of Joseph,
which were born"^ him in Egypt, icere
two souls : all' the souls of the house
of Jacob, which came into Egypt,
were threescore and tcn,"^

^^And he sent Judah before him
unto Joseph, to du-ect his face unto
(J oshen ; and they came into the land
of Goshen.

^^ And Joseph made ready his cha-
riot, and went up to meet Israel his
father, to Goshen, and presented him-
self unto him ; and he fell on his
neck, and wept on his neck a good
while.

^^ And Israel said unto Joseph,
" Now let me die, since I have seen
thy face, because thou art yet alive."

^^And Joseph said imto his bre-
thren, and unto his father's house, " I
will go up, and shew Pharaoh, and
say unto him, ' My brethren, and my
father's house, which were in the
land of Canaan, are come unto me ;
^'^ and the men are shepherds, for
their trade hath been to feed cattle ;"
and they have brought their flocks,
and their herds, and all that they
have.' ^^And it shall come to pass,
when Pharaoh shall call you, and
shall say, 'What /s yom- occupation?'
^^that ye shall say, 'Thy servants'
trade hath been about cattle from our
youth even until now, both we, and
also our fathers •J'^ that ye may dwell
in the land of G oshen ; for every
shepherd is an abomination unto the
Egyptians, "x

-'*--'-' ' •'--'-•J Kind recejition by Pharaoh of |_" '
Israel and his family.

THEN Joseph came and told Pha-
raoh, and said, " My father and
my brethren, and their flocks, and
their herds, and all tliat they have,
are come out of the land of Canaan ;

S Joseph nnd his
tiro sons and ,Jo-
cob hiniff If iiiahr
up the iiNDilnr —
70. Thy fathers
went down into
Kgypt with
three score and

ten per.sons

De. 10, 22.

T (For the reason
mentioned above
this genealogy be-
came a document
of the utmost im-
portance to the
future genera-
tions. But not-
withstanding its
importance, seve-
ral differences
exist between this
table and that
2>repared under
the eye of Moses,
at the second enu-
meration of the
people, Nu. 2(5,
and also that in
1 Chr., but these
differences,
though offering
some difficulty,
are by no means
irrecon cilable.for
spelling often va-
ries; many indi-
viduals had two
names, ajid some
families became
extinct.lX&phnU.)

V Hch., they arc
men of cattle.

(^ (It was evidently
the intention of
Joseph to Veep
his father's fa-
mily separate ct
distinct from the
Egi/ptiniis, and
in the avocation
to which alone
they had been ac-
customed. Ka-
phall.)

X (The Egyptians
detested the very
sight of a shep-
herd, from a re-
membrance of the
injuries which
they had recent-
ly sustninedfrom
the pastoral
kings, for when
the sons of Jacob
stood before Pha-
raoh, these op-
pressors }Md only
evacuated the
country about .36
years. Cory.)

A.M. 3619. }
B.C. 1822. i"

GENESIS.

(GEN. 46, 11.
( 47, 22.

/ ;lU'e tllf/illl

■ r to fix upon

ptilCf

■ ughout my
I'lom as their
■•■ of ahoiU \

■ if thou ort of
lion that (lo-
I is the best
■■'■ for thevi,
'■ let them
11.)

I'he land of
. .^hen must not
only hove been
ovrrjtov'ed by the
Site and render-
ed fit fo r pastu ;•-
age, but it n^as
the best of the
land also, because
it was that part
of Hgypt which
was subJe.eUd to
fertlizing ruins,
from its proxim-
ity to the lied Sea
and the Mediter-
ranean. Towns-
end.)

a (Pharaoh had
fioeks; so likewise
had the Egyp-
tians generally.
Their aversion,
then, was not to
rearers of rnttle
as such, but to the
nomnde shep-
herds, whose, law-
le.is, watuUring
habits were dis-
tasteful to them.)

/3 (The salutation
or blessing (the
salnam) still
customary in th-
East, had its
stated form; and
when addres.ietl
to a king con-
sisted in a wish
for his long life.
IKi. l.S^t. I)a.
2, 4, and 6, 7.
Tiich ap. Kapli-
all.)

y (Jacob, exhaust-
ed by the. vicissi-
tudes of his agi-
tated career,
perhaps appear-
ed extremely
aged.)

S Ili'b., how many
are the days of
the '/ears of thy
life'f

t (The land whose
chief city is Sa-
meses.)

f (^r, as a little
child is nourish-
ed, ileh., accord-
ing to the little
ones.

and, bt'liokl, lliov arc in the land of
(ioshon."

'"^ And he took some of his brethren,
even five men, and presented them
unto I'haraoh.

^And Pharaoh said nnto his bre-
thren, "What is your oecupation '?"

And they said imto Pharaoh, "Thy
servants are sliepherds, both wc, and
also om" fathers." — ^They said more-
over unto Pharaoh, "For to sojourn
in the land arc we come ; for thy
servants have no pasture for their
flocks ; for the famine is sore in the
land of Canaan : now therefore, we
pray thee, let thy servants dwell in
the land of (rJoshen."

^And Pharaoh spake unto .Toseph,
saying, "Thy father and thy brethren
are come unto thee: *'the land of
Egypt is before thee ; in the best of
the land make thy father and brethren
to dwell ;''' in the land of Goshen let
them dwell :" and if thou knowest
ani/ men of activity among them,
then make them rulers over my cat-
tle.'"*

^And Joseph brought in Jacob his
father, and set him before Pharaoh :
and Jacob blessed^ Pharaoh.

^And Pharaoh said unto Jacob,
"How oldY art thou?"*

^And Jacob said unto Pharaoh,
" The days of the years of my ])il-
grlmage are an hundred and thirty
years : few and evil have the days
of the years of my life been, and
have not attained unto the days of
the years of the life of my fathers in
the days of their pilgrimage."

^•^And Jacob blessed Pharaoh, and
went out from before Pharaoh.

^^ And Joseph placed his father and
his brethren, and gave them a pos-
session in the land of Egypt, in the
best of the land, in the land of Ka-
meses,* as Pharaoh had commanded.
^'■^And Joseph nourished his father,
and his brethren, and all his father's
household, with bread, according^ to
their families.

A.M. 3619. B.C. 1822. Kdvi'T. TkU

Joseph appoints one-fifth of the proiluce of the [_<JO
land, for the service of the crown, securing by
law four-fift/ts for the peojtle.

^^AND there was no bread in all
the land ; for the famine was very
sore, so that the land of Egypt and
all the land of t'anaan faintecl by rea-
son of the famine. ^^And Joseph
gathered up all the money that was
found in the land of Egypt, and in
the land of Canaan, for the corn which
they bought :* and .Joseph brought
the money into Pharaoh's house.
'^And when money failed in the land
of ICgypt, and in the land of ( 'anaan,
all the Egyptians came unto Joseph,
and said, " Give us bread : for why
should we die in thy presence ? for
the money faileth."

^^ And Joseph said, " Give your
cattle ;' and I will give you for your
cattle, if money fail."

^''^And they brought their cattle
unto Joseph : and .Joseph gave them
bread in exchange for horses, and for
the flocks, and for the cattle of the
herds, and for the asses : and he fed*
them with bread for all their cattle
for that year.

^"^Whcn that year was ended, they
came unto him the second year,^ and
said unto him, " AVe will not hide it
fi'om my lord, how that our money
is spent ; my lord also hath our herds
of cattle ; there is not ought left in
the sight of my lord, but our bodies,
and our lands : ^^ wherefore, shall we
die before thine eyes, both we and
our land ? buy us and our land for
bread, and we and our land will be
servants'^ unto I'haraoh: and give us
seed, that we may live, and not die,
that the land be not desolate."

'-•^And Jo.sei)h bought all the land
of Egypt for Pharaoh : for the Egyp-
tians sold every man his field, be-
cause the famine prevailed over them :
so the land bec.ime Pharaoh's. ^^ And
as for the people, he removed them
to cities from one end of the borders
of ICgypt even to the other end there-
of." -'-'(Jnly the land of the priestsf

0 (Five years had
passed, during
which all private
stores had become
exhausted.)

1 (This was the
wisest measure
that could be a-
ilopted, both for
the preservation
of the people and
of the cattle also.
Clarke.)

K Ueb., led them.

\(Tlit second year
after the Egyp-
tians had been
obliged to come to
terms with Jo-
seph, and the se-
venth and last of
the famine, they
proposed to sell
themselves ami
their lands for
food ami seed
corn, as they
knew that the
years of famine
wtTe ended, and
that their fields
which had so long
lain fallow would
again require
sre,l and tillage.
Naoliiiianidc.s
ap. Kaphall.)

y. (Vassals, still
expecting to hold
their fields under
J'lutraoh.)

u (Assembled the
rural population
into the towns in
whicJt the grana-
ries were situat-
ed. Raphan.
" This explains
how it came that
ancient Egypt
containal so
great a number
of towns. Ac-
cording to Hero-
dotus, the valley
of the Nile con-
tained 20,000
towns and cities,
so that the coun-
try people dill
not live scattered,
but the whole
population was
cmcrnlrnted."
Vi>n liuhlcn ap.
lUphaU.)

f Or, princes.

GEN. 47, 23. >

49, 14. ;

GENESIS.

f A.M. 3635.
"l B.C. 1806.

■; Touching any
(if the priests &
Levites, singers,
porters, Nethi-
nims, or minis-
ters of this house
iif God, it shall
niit be lawful to
impose toll, tri-
bute, or custom
upon them. Ezr.
7, 24.

0 (They professed
to hold them
from the Divini-
ties, at whose al-
tars they minis-
tered.)

IT (I have bought
such portion of
your labour ns
the cultivation of
the lands renders
necessary. 'SSiCh.)

p (They 7i:ere to
remain in occu-
pation of the
lands of which
Pharaoh had be-
come the sove-
reign proprietor,
and to pay him
as yearly rent
one-fifth, in lieu
of all other
charges and im-
posts.)

? Or, princes.
Ve. 22.

<r (Did not return
to Caiman as he
had intended to
do, ch. 45, 28, rf;
47, 4.)

T Heb., the days
of t?ie years of
his life, see ve. 9.

V See ch. 24, 2.

2 Sa. 19, 37.

X By faith Jacob,
when he was a
dying wor-
shipped, (lean-
ing; upon the
top of his staff.
Heb. 11, 21.
St. Paul follows
the .Sept., who,
instead of iTCD,
bed, reMd iT£D
staff. (There is
nothing in the
narrative render-
ing it necessary
to regard the
word as signify-
ing bed in this
plane, though
such is the mean-
ing put upon it
b'l the Mo^oretic
p^.ints.)

bought he not ;" for the priests had a
portion assigned them of Pharaoh,
and did eat their portion which Pha-
raoh gave them : A\herefore they sold
not their lands. °

^^Then Joseph said unto the peo-
ple, " Behold, I have bought"' you
this day and yoiu* land for Pharaoh :
lo, he7'e is seed for you, and 3'e shall
sow the land. ^^And it shall come
to pass in the increase, that ye shall
give the fifth ^j«r^ imto Pharaoh, and
four parts shall be your own, for seed
of the field, and for yom* food, and
for them of your households, and for
food for your little ones."

^^ And they said, " Thou hast saved
our lives : let us find grace in the
sight of my lord, and we will be
Pharaoh's servants."

^^And Joseph made it a law over
the land of Egypt unto this day, that
Pharaoh should have the fiftliP part ;
except the land of the priests^ only,
which became not Pharaoh's.

^'^And Israel dwelt in the land of
Egypt, in the country of Goshen ;
and they had possessions therein, and
grew, and multiplied exceedingly.
'-•^And Jacob lived in the land of
Egypf^ seventeen years: so the whole
age of Jacob was an hundred forty
and seven years.''

^ And the time drew nigh that Is-
rael must die : and he called his son
Joseph, and said unto him, " If now
I have found grace in thy sight, put,
I pray thee, thy hand under my
thigh," and deal kindly and truly with
me ; bury me not, I pray thee, in
Egypt : ^oijut I will lie with my fa-
thers,* and thou shalt carry me out of
Egj^pt, and bury me in their burying-
place."

And he said, " I will do as thou
hast said."

^^And he said, "Swear unto me."

And he sware unto him.

And Israel bowed himself upon the
bed's head.x

XLVIIL] ^'"-'^L^-^;'^- [59

Jacob proplietically appoints Ephraim and Manasseh
to form two tribes of the children of Israel.

AND it came to pass after these
things, that one told Joseph,
"Behold, thy fjither is sick:"" and
he took with him his two sons,^ Ma-
nasseh and Ephraim.

^And one told Jacob, and said,
" Behold, thy son Joseph cometh
unto thee :" and Israel strengthened
himself, and sat upon the bed.

^And Jacob said unto Joseph,
" God Almighty appeared unto me
at Luz" in the land of Canaan, and
blessed me, '*and said unto me, ' Be-
hold, I will make thee fruitful, and
multiply thee, and I will make of
thee a multitude of people ; and will
give this land to thy seed after thee
foi' an everlasting possession.' ^And
now thy two sons, Ephraim and Ma-
nasseh, which were born unto thee in
the land of Egypt before I came unto
thee into Egypt, are mine •,'^ as Reu-
ben and Simeon, they shall bemine.>^
"And thy issue, which thou begettest
after them, shall be thine, and shall
be called after the name of their bre-
thren*'' in their inheritance. ^ And as
for me, when I came from Padan,
Rachel died" by me in the land of
Canaan in the way, when yet there
loas but a little way to come unto
Ephrath : and I buried her there in
the way of Ephrath ;" the same is
Beth-lehem,

^And Isi-ael beheld Joseph's sons,
and said, " Who are these?"

^And Joseph said unto his father,
"They are my sons, whom God hath
given me in thin place."

And he said, "Bring them, I pray
thee, unto me, and I will bless them."

^•^Now the eyes of Israel were dim
for age, so that he could not see. And
he brought them near unto him ; and
he kissed them, and embraced them.
^^And Israel said unto Joseph, "I
had not thought to see thy face : and,
lo, God hath shewed me also thy
sood."

i> (Thf. conclusion
of the preceding
chapter implies
that Jacob was
aged and infirm,
and that his
death was evi-
dently approach-
ing in the ordi-
nary course of
nature. This

chapter com^
mences with an
announcement of
his last sickness.)

f (Now more than
20 years of age,
having been born
two years before
the famine.)

V Ch. 28, 13, 19.

i}> (Joseph, from
his new connec-
tions and duties,
was, as it were,
lost to his father.
To nmke up for
this loss, the sons
of Joseph were
adopted by Jacob.
Tuch.) The

children of Jo-
seph were two
tribes, Ephraim
and Manasseh.
Jos. 14, 4.

X (The share in
the divine pro-
mises, to which
their adoption
entitled them,
was a motive suf-
ficiently strong to
make them re-
nounce their E-
gyptian privi-
leges. Raphall.J

\\i (Pronouncing
that there was
not to be a dis-
tinct tribe of Jo-
seph.)

CO (Her dying sud-
denly prevented
her having more
children, who
would have been
entitled to their
share in the in-
heritance. Phi-
lippson.)

A.K. 3635. 1

B.C. 1806. ;

GENESIS.

f GEN. 47, 23.
1 49, 14.

a (M'hfre Jacob
had sijmliohcaU y
placed them).

P (Xotwithstnitd-
ing the precau-
tion Joseph took,
Jacob denignedly
shifted his hands,
so as to confer
the greater ho-
nour on the
i/Hungcr son.
I'hilippson.)
See lie. 11, 21.

y (Xo created an-
gel, but the .lame
lHvine Being
Who appeared to
the patriarch.)

5 (That is, cJiarac-
li r. Ijet them imi-
tate the pious ex-
ample oj'their an-
cestors. Am. 9,
12. Ac. 15, 17.)

e Het)., as Ji.ihe.i
do iiicrea.ie. See
Nil. 26, 34, 37.

<;(Waseiil in hi.i
eyes. Ch. 28,8.)

>) (The right hand
u-as considered
the more honour-
able.) 1 Ki. 2,
19. I's. 15, 9,
ami 110, 1, 5.

9 (Kphraim was
numerically
greatir, Isu. 1,
33, & 2, 19. The
ten thousaiuis of
Epliraini, & the
thnusaiuisofMH-
nas.seh, I)e. 33,
17. This tribe
bore the stan-
dard, Nil. 2, 21,
and filled a pro-
minent place in
Jewish h istory.
See also Re. 7,
6,8.)

t Ueh., fulness.

K Ru. 4, U, 12.
(These, words
still form the
benediction v;ith
which every pa-
rent in Israel
blesses his child.
Kaphall.)

X The birthright
was Joseph's.
1 Chr. 6, 2.

b Shechcm a

parcel of ground
which Jacob
bought of the
sonsof llanior...
Jos.24,3-.';(thi.s)
Jacob gave unto
his son Joseph.
Jno. 4, 6.

fi (Perhaps Jacob
luid to recover it,
after purchase,
by force of arms.)

<r(Or, in thecourse
of time.)

^'^And Joseph brouglit them out
fi'oin between his knees,* and he
bowed himself with his face to the
earth. *^Aiid .loscjjh took them both,
Kphraim in his rig'ht hand toward
Israel's left hand, and Manasseh in his
left hand toward Israel's rif^ht hand,
and brought t/icni near unto him.

^"^ And Israel stretched^ out his
right hand, and laid it upon Eph-
raim's head, who was the younger,
and his left hand upon Manas.seh's
head, guiding his hands wittingly ; for
Manasseh teas the firstborn. ^'^And
he blessed Joseph, and said, " God,
before Whom my fathers Abraham
and Isaac did walk, the God Which
fed me all my life long unto this day,
^^thc Angela Which redeemed me
from all evil, bless the lads ; and let
my name* be named on them, and
the name of my fathers Abraham and
Isaac ; and let them grow* into a
multitude in the midst of the earth."

^•^And when Joseph saw that his
father laid his right hand upon the
head of Ephraim, it displeased him :^
and he held up his father's hand, to
remove it from Ephraim' s head unto
Manasseh's head. ^*' And Joseph said
unto his father, " Not so, my father :
for this is the firstborn ; put thy
righf hand upon his head."

^^And his father refused, and said,
"I know it, my son, I know //.- he
also shall become a people, and he
also shall be great : but truly his
younger brother shall be greatei*^ than
he, and his seed shall become a mul-
titude'- of nations." '■^'^ And he blessed
tliem that day, saying, " In thee
shall Israel bless, saying,* 'God make
thee as Ephraim and as Manasseh :' "
and he set Ephraim before Manasseh.
'^'And Israel said unto Joseph, "Be-
hold, 1 die : but God shall be with
you, and bring you again imto the
land of your fathers. ''^"^ Moreovei-^ I
have given to thee one portion* above
thy brethren, which I took out of
the liand of the Amorite with my
sword and with niv bow."**

V^T TV" "I A.M. 3635. B.C. 1806 Gobhkk. ffif)
^VJ-ilTV.J Jac-jb predicts the future for- [y^
tunes of his twelve sons. Jledies.

AND Jacob called unto his sons,
and said, " Ciather yourselves
together, that I may tell you that
wliicli sliall befal you in the last
days."^ '■^ Ciather yourselves together,
and hear, ye sons" of Jacob ; and
hearken unto Israel your father.
•'^Heuben, thou aH my firstborn^, my
might, and the l)eginning of my
strength, the excellency of dignity,
and the excellency of ])ower : '*un-
stable as water, thou° shalt not excel;
because thou wentest up to thy fa-
ther's bed ; then dcfiledst thou it :
he wenf^ up to my couch. "^ Simeon
and Levi are brethren ; instruments^
of cruelty are in their habitations.
^0 my soul, come not thou into their
secret ; unto their assembly, mine
honour, be not thou united : for in
their anger they slew a man, and in
their selfwill they digged^ down a
wall. "^ Cursed be their anger, for it
was fierce ; and their wrath, for it
was cruel : 1 will divide'' them in
Jacob, and scatter them in Israel.
^Judah, thou art he whom thy bre-
thren shall praise -J thy hand shall
he in the neck of thine enemies : thy
father's children shall bow* down be-
fore thee. ^Judah is a lion's whelp:
from the prey, my son, thou art gone
up : he stooped down, he couched as
a lion, and as an old lion ; who shall
rouse him up '^"^ ^"The sceptre*^ shall
not depart fi-om Judah, nor a law-
giver from between his feet, until
Shiloh come ; and unto Him shall the
gatheringx of the people be. *' bind-
ing his foal unto the vine, and his
ass's colt unto the choice vine ; he
washed his garments in wine, and
his clothes in the blood of grapes :
^■-his eyes shall be red with wine, and
his teeth white with milk."^ '''Zebu-
lun shall dwell at the haven of the
sea ; and he shall be for an haven of
ships ; and his border shall be unto
Zidon.'' *'lssachar is a strong a.ss

v( Th echa racteris-
tic prruliarily of
the founder of
e/ich trilie iras to
firvl its rejUclioii
in his posterity.
llaveriiick.)

f (The privileges
of primogeniture
are pourtraye/l,
ve. 3 ; Iheir for-
feiture it itscnnse
are pronounced,
ve. 4. Tuch.)

o TIeb., do not
thou rjccel. I Chr.
5,1. Ch.SS, 22.
Ue.27, 20. ICo.

r,. 1.

n Or, my couch is
gone.

p Or, Ihe.ir swords
are weapons of
violence. Ch. 34,
2.').

t (Jr, houghed
oxen.

a .Jo.s. 19, 1, and

21, 5—7. 1 Chr.
4, 21, .39.

T (l''rom the few
trails of his cha-
roct'.r which the
history has pre-
served to us (Ch.
.37, 27; 43, 9; 44,
34; 46,28; and
even 38, 26), we
miiy judge that
Judah may have
secureil the gooii
opinion of hii fa-
ther and his bre-
thren, but what is
said of Judah is
unquestionably
typical and pro-
ph'tic of Him
who was tospriny
out of Judah.)

b 1 Chr. 5. 2.

c Vs. 72, 8. Mi.
6. 17.

<j)( The function of
the chosen notion,
as the means by
which Jthoiah
recalled mankind
to a knowledge of
Himself, WIS to
continue till the
fulness of time,
u-hen CiihI sent
forth His Son.
Cal. 4, 4. lie.
1, 2. De. 18, 15.1

X (To Him shall
be the obedience
of the peopU.)
\a. 66, 2.3. Vs.
6,5, 2. Jno. 13,

22. Ro. 5, 18.

1^ (The abundance
here intimated
foreshadowing
'the l,',.s..i„.,s of

the Mejistnh's
reign.)

</ JoM. 19, 10. U.

GEN. 49, 15. 1
50,26.1

GENESIS.

r A.M. 3689.
1 B.C. 1752.

a (Devoted to agri-
culture and quiet.
Ttvostalls, Gesc-
iiiiis, De Wette,
Maiirer.)

/3 (Shall have equal
portion with hi.f
brethren, the sons
of Leah.)

y Heb., an arroir-
snake, (Shall
gain hisconque.'its
Jiwre hy strata-
gem than hy va-
lour.) Ju.i8,27.

S (A j)ious ejar.H-
latioyi to Him who
inalldaiiyrrshad
proved his d<:li-
verer.)

cDe.33,20. IChr.
5, 18, 22, and 12,
8.

5 (Implying the
great fertility of
his lot. Clarke.)
De. 33, 24. Jos.
19, 24.

ij (Naphtali is a
spreading oak,
producing beauti-
ful braitches, ISo-
chart. Fruitful
as to his d^sciud-
ants, andfruitful
as to his soil.)
See 1 Chr. 12,
40.

0 (Upon Joseph,
as a consequence
of his moral
worth, descend
ble.<!sings for this
life as veil as for
that which is to
come.)

: lleb., daughters.

I Is. 28, 16.

K (A good climate
and temperature,
with fertilizing
dews and rains.)

K (An ample sup-
ply of water, and
ahundanee in th^
products of the
earth ; & a large
posterity.)

in (In the spirit he
sees the divine
promises already
fulfilled, while
h is ancestors were
obliged to rest
content with the
assured hope of
their futfilmen t.
Philippson.)

V (That is, ine:c-
presnihly.)

^(The ivolfis con-
tinually on the
prowl with an
uiisated appetite.)
See Jud. xix.
and XX.

couching down between two burdens :"
^^and he saw that rest was good, and
the land that it was pleasant ; and
bowed his shoulder to bear, and be-
came a servant unto tribute. ^^ Dan^
shall judge his people, as one of the
ti-ibcs of Israel. ^^ Dan shall be a ser-
pent by the way, an adderv in the path,
that biteth the horse heels, so that his
rider shall fall backward. ^^I have
waited for Thy salvation, 0 Loud !^
^^Gad,*^ a troop shall overcome him :
but he shall overcome at the last.
'^•^Out of Asher^ his bread sliall be
fat, and he shall yield royal dainties.
^^ Naphtali'' is a hind let loose : he
giveth goodly words. ^'^ Joseph is a
fi-uitfuP bough, even a fruitful bough
by a well ; wJiose branches' run over
the wall : ^stbe archers have sorely
grieved him, and shot at him, and
hated him : "'%ut his bow abode in
strength, and the arms of his hands
were made strong by the hands of
the mighty God of Jacob ; (fi-om
thence is the k?hepherd, the Stone'' of
Israel :) ~^even by the God of thy
father, who shall help thee ; and by
the Almighty, who sliall bless thee
Avith blessings of heaven above," bless-
ings of the deep that lieth under,^
blessings of the breasts, and of the
womb :^ ~^the blessings of thy father
have prevailed above the blessings of
thy progenitors'^ unto the utmost
bound of the everlasting hills :" they
shall be on the head of Joseph, and
on the crown of the head of him
tliat was sepai'ate from his brethren.
27 benjamin shall ravin as a wolf:^
in the morning he shall devour the
prey, and at night he shall divide
the spoil."

2^ All these are the twelve tribes"
of Israel : and this is it that their
father spake unto them, and blessed
them ; every one according to his
blessing he blessed'^ them. '-^^And he
charged them, and said unto them,
" I am to be gathered unto my people :
bury me with my fathers in the cave

that is in the field of Ephron the
llittite, ''"in the cave that is in the
field of Machpelah, which is before
j\Iamre, in the land of Canaan, which
iVbraham bought with the field of
Ephron the llittite for a possession?
of a buryingplace. ^^ There they
buried Abraham and Sarah his wife ;
there they buried Isaac and Rebekah
his wife ; and there I buried Leah.^
•'-'The purchase of the field and of
the cave that is therein tvas from the
children of Heth."

''•'^And when Jacob had made an
end of commanding his sons, he
gathered up his feet into the bed,
and yielded up the ghost, and was
J -, gathered unto his people. ^ And
-'-'•J Joseph fell upon his father's face,
and wept upon him, and kissed him.

A.M. 3689. B.C. 1752. Egypt. fa-l

Joseph carries his father to Canaan for [/^ ■*-
burial. Death of Joseph.

^ AND Joseph commanded his ser-
vants the physicians to embalm'^ his
father : and the physicians embalmed
Israel. ^And forty days were ful-
filled for him ; for so are fulfilled the
days of those which are embalmed :
and the Egyptians mourned" for him
threescore and ten days.

^ And when the days of his mourn-
ing were past, Joseph spake unto the
house'^ of Pharaoh, saying, "If now
I have found grace in your eyes,
speak, I pray you, in the ears of
Pharaoh, saying, ^ My father made
me swear, saying, ' Lo, I die : in
my grave which I huxe digged for
me in the land of Canaan, there slialt
thou bury me.'

" Now therefore let me go up, I
pray thee, and bury my father, and
I will come again."

^And Pharaoh said, "Go up, and
bury thy father, according as he
made thee swear."

''And Joseph went up to bury his
father : and with him went up all

0 (That is, that
Jacob's benedic-
tion was 7>(>t mere-
ly personal, but
related to the fu-
ture fortunes of
the tribes of Is-
rael. Philipp
sou.)

TT (Laid down the
plan for the fu-
ture cliildren of
Israel ; they U)ere
to form one body
politic, and be
ranked into one
host, of which
Juddh was to take
the lead, ve. 8.)

p (The patriarch
enters fully into
the particulars of
the purrh(ise,lest,
through the long
absence of the
sons of Jacob
fro)n Canaim,
their title to the
possession might
have to be mnin-
tained. Kaphall.)

S (A declaration
that the property
was vested in Ja-
cob, and not in
his elder brother
Esau. Nachnui-
nides.)

T (They prepare
thehodyfr.ilwlth
cedar oil and va-
rious other sub-
stances more than
thirty days (ac-
cording to ano-
ther reading, for-
ty) ; then after
they have ailded
myrrh and cinna-
mon anil other
dnri/s,ii-l,i,-hl,are
■m,t,„d!ill„-iww:r
(f prr^'erving the
hotly for a long
time, but also of
imparting to it a
pltasant odour,
they commit it to
the relatives of
the deceased, Di-
od. Sic, 1., 91.
Herodotus says
sir.iiti/, hut /><r-
l„,,,s l,r h,r/u,/es
thrlhirlydaysof
mourning.)

V ik'b., wept.

<l> (As the body
was not to be in-
terred according
to Egyptian rites,
it may very well
be uiulerstood
that Jiiseph wa

ohli,

,n„

<l, Nil:/ 111 III,' lllill-

li i: d„>^iph Ihirr-
fore seeks Jir St to
win for himself
the favour of Vha-
raoKs house, i.e.,
the priesthood.
llavernick.)

A.M. 3689. )
B.C. 1752. /

GENESIS.

fGEN. 49, 15.
"( 50, 26.

X (All cajmhU of
riiiturinij tlie J'a-
tiyue.)

u (Shewing the
grmt sUile and
hi'jh honour, in
nnd with which
the funeral of
Jaroli wax per-
formtd. I'hilipp-
soii.)

d 1 Sa. .31, 13. 2
Sa. 1, 17. Job
2, 12. Ec. 12, 5.
.K'. 9, 17. Ac.
H, 2.)

/3 (These tokens of
sorrow prevented
any jealousy on
the part of the
Oinaanites.
Towiisend.)

y Tliat is, The
mourning of the
K'lyplians.

& (The cltiuse was
added (like the
c<incltision of
Pi'ut. and some
other passages)
when the Penta-
ti'Uch was form-
ed into one vol-
ume.)

t (As the Egyp-
tians could take
tin part in the
burial, it not be-
ing in agreement
with their usages,
they returned to
their own land,
the Israelites a-
lone went on to
Mn,hi»l<ih.)

^ (Seventeen years
of continued

friendly inter-
course had twt
removed from
their hearts that
dread of consc-
qu> nces which al-
ways haunts a
guilty conscience.
Kaphall.)

rj Ileb., charged.

0 (. I ccording to the
Talmud (XT. Yp-
bamoth, fol. 6.3),
they invented this
message ; Jacob,
who knew Joseph
better, never sus-
pected him, and
left no injunc-
tion of the kind.
Kaphall.)

the servants of Pharaoli, the elders
of his house, and all the eldei's of the
land of Egypt, *^and alii: the house
of Joseph, and his brethren, and his
father's house: only tlieir little ones,
and their flocks, and their herds, they
left in the land of (Joshen. -'And*"
there went up witli him both chariots
and horsemen : and it was a very
great company. '"^And they came
to the threshing-floor of Atad, which
is beyond Jordan, and there they
mourned with a great and very sore
lamentation :'^ and he made a mourn-
ing for his father seven days. ^^ And
when the inhabitants of the land, the
Canaanites, saw the mourning in the
floor of Atad, they said, "This is a
ginevous mourning to the Egyp-
tians :"^ wherefore the name of it
was called Abel-mizraim,>' which is
beyond* Jordan.

^'^And his sons did unto him ac-
cording as he commanded them: ^^for
his sons* earned him into the land of
Canaan, and buried him in the cave
of the field of Machpelah, which
Abraham bought with the field for
a possession of a burvingplacc of
Ephron the Ilittlte, before Mamre,

^^ And Joseph returned into Egypt,
he, and his brethren, and all that
went up witli him to bury his father,
after he had buried his father.

^^ And when Joseph's brethren saw
that their father was dead, they said,
" Joseph will peradventure hate us,
and will certainly requite us all the
evil which we did unto hiin."^

^•^ And they senf a messenger unto
Joseph, saying, "Thy father did
command* before he died, saying,
" ' So shall ye say unto Joseph, Eor-

give, I pray thee now, the trespass
of thy brethren, and their sin ; for
they did unto thee evil :' and now,
we pray thee, forgive the trespass
of the servants of the God of thy
father."

And Joseph wept when they spake
unto him.

^*^And his brethren also went and
fell down before his face ; and they
said, "Behold, we be thy servants,"

^^ And Joseph said unto them,
" Fear not : for am I in the place of

God?*^ 20J3yt j^j^ f^^ yQ^^ yp fllOUght

evil against me ; but God meant it
unto good, to bring to pass, as it is
this day, to save much people alive.'
^' Now therefore fear ye not : I Avill
nourish you, and your little ones."

And he comforted them, and spake
kindly unto* them.

^^And Joseph dwelt in Egj-pt, he,
and his father's house: and Joseph
lived an hundred and ten years.
'■^■^And Joseph saw Ephraim's chil-
dren of the third"^ generation : the
children also of Machir the son of
Manasseh were brought/^ up upon
Joseph's knees.

^•*And Joseph said unto his bre-
thren, "I die: and God will surelv
visit you, and bring"' you out of this
land unto the land^ which He sware
to Abraham, to Isaac, and to Jacob."
'^^And Joseph took an oath of the
children of Israel, saying, "(Jod
will surely visit you, and ye shall
carry up my bones fi-om hence."*

^"So Joseph died, bring an hun-
dred and ten years old : and thev
embalmed him, and he was put in a
cotHn° in Egypt.

c To Mo belong-
i-th V('iiK<!anco
ami rommpeiiKc
...I)c..32,.3.5, and
;«t. 2 Ki. 5, 7.
Job ;«, 29.

t (As God hatl
honoured him by
making him vice-
gerent in tlie dis-
pensations of
IJis providence
towards so many
people, it was im-
possible he should
lie displeased with
tlw means by
which this was
brought about.
Clarke.)

K lleb, 'to their
hearts. Ch.34,3.

A (Perhaps only
Shuthelnh, or at
most, Eran. Nil.
26,35,36.) Job
lived 140 years,
and saw his sons
and his sons'
sons, even four
{fenerations.
Job 42, 16.

p. Heb., borne.

V (The family of
Jacob, having
once been per-
mitted to take up
their abode in E-
gypt, were no
longer free to
quit the country.
Kaphall.)

f (Tlie typical
land, the land
given by covenant,
the land which
represents the
liest that remains
for the people of
God. Clarke)

/. Kx. 13, 19. Jos.
24. .32. .Vr. 7, 16.
He. 11, 22.

o (A wooden case,
chosen doubtless
for the ea.se with
which it might be
transported.
There might he
two or three cases
one within ano-
ther.)

A.M. 3730. 1
B.C. 1711. f

< EX. 1, 1.
\ 1, 12.

Till':

SECOND BOOK OF MOSES,

EXODUS.

THE second of the Five Books of Moses wc call Exodus — a title first pivcn to the Rook by the Greek
Translators from the leading event described in it, namely, tiic c/c/Mz-^fu-e (e|o5os) of tin; children of Israel out
of Egypt. In the Hebrew canon, it is styled dtotd n';«T (veHleli shonotli) from its initial words, and sometimes
for shortness, shcinoth. By the .lews it is divided into eleven parahloth or larger divisions, and twenty-nine
sedarim or smaller divisions. The Book transports us from the land of Goshen, through the wilderness, to
Horeb; and embraces a period of 145 years, that is, from the death of Joseph to the erection of the tabernacle.
Its object is evidently to describe the triumph of Israel's God over His enemies, and the promulgation of the
law to the chosen people. The succession of miracles, peculiarly characterized by sublimity and power, which
perhaps distinguishes this Book above all others in the Bible, prepares the way for the legal enactments of
fcfinai. Mighty deeih are thus appropriately connected with authoritative irord-t. Its contents, whether historic
or legislative, are of the greatest importance to us, since they not only reveal to us God"s dealings in the past,
but form a grand prediction of the more spiritual blessings which we enjoy through Christ our Passover, and
furnish us with a lively representation of the course of the Christian to the '• better country." Although
presenting to our attention so much that is miraculous, there is no ))ortion of the Bilde on which nuxlern
discovery and research have thrown more light. The subjects on which the Book treats may be divided into
three parts. I. Ilistorical; including an account of the matters which preceded the departure out of Egypt,
i. — xii. 30 ; the departure itself, xii. :57 — xiv ; and the events immediately succeeding that event, xv. — xviii.
II. Legislative, xix. — xxxiv. III. Descriptive; setting forth the erection of the tabernacle, xxxv. — xl.

a Ge. 46, 6.

a 1 1 ell., thighs.

i(;o.46, 2G. Thy
fiitluTS went
down. ...with se-
venty persons...
De. 10,22.

j3 (/« Ac. 7, 14,
the number i> sc-
Vdity-five, agree-
ing with the Sep-
lungint, tchich
includesjive mr tu-
bers of thefamilji
of Joseph not
reeknneA in the
Ilehrew.)

c (Jc. 60, 26. Ac.
15.

y (Fifty-four

t/enrs after the
d^ath of Jacob.)

(i Ge. 46, 3. De.
26, 5. Ps. 105,
24. Ac. 7, 17.

S ( This continued
for twenlii-three
years more^ in all
ninety-four years
from Jacob' sjirsl
coming into A-
gypl. Lightfoot.)

I-]

A.M. 37.'W. n.r. 1711. rp..")

The Lani> op ti<)siiE:J. [^U/w

The tyranny of the Egyptirttis over the
Israelites gives occasion for their de-
liverance.

NOW these are the names of tlic
children of Israel, which came
into Kgypt I** every man and hi.s
household came with Jacob. ^Reu-
ben, Simeon, Levi, and .Judah, ^Is-
sachar, Zebiilun, and Benjamin,
* Dan, and Naphtali, Gad, and A slier.
^And all the souls that came out of
the loins" of .Jacob were seventy''
souls :^ for Joseph was in Egypt al-
ready.

^And Joseph died,*" and all his
brethren, and all that gencration.Y

^And the children of Israel were
fruitful, and increased abundantly,
and multiplied, and waxed exceed-

ing mighty ;'' and the land was filled
with them.*

^Now there arose* up a new^ king
over Egypt, which knew'' not .Joseph.
^And he said unto his people, "He-
hold, the people of the cliildren of
Israel arc more and miglitier than
wc :* *'^ come on, let us deal wisely
with them ; lest they multiply, and
it come to pass, that, when there
falleth out any war, they join also
unto our enemies, and fight against
us, and so get them up out of the
land."

*' Therefore they did set over them
taskmasters to afflict them with
their burdens. And they built for
Pharaoh treasure cities, IMtliom' and
Hanmses.* ^- J>ut the more they
alliicted them, the more they niidti-

« (Forty years be-
fore the birth of
Moses. During
this long resi-
dence in Egypt
God had not' held
any visibU inter-
course with the
Israelites. Pru-
tvman.)

i '(Probably Ha-
nw.ies I., or some
found' r of a new
dyna.ily.)

i\ (Did nnt regard
the services Jo-
seph had retuier-
fd to the nation.
Mnurer.)

0 (More prolific
nnd healthier,
Warburton.)

1 (The I\ilumos
of Hrroilotwi.)

K (".Sim of the
sun," so calUd
after its founder.
It seems to have
lieen a central
}H:iiit in the land
of Goshen. Sec
oh. 12, 37. Nu.
33,3.)

7.3

EX. 1,13.1
3, 9. j

EXODUS.

f A.M. 3752.
1 B.C. 1689.

\(Xnme(!/orthe!r
honour, us JIa.
14, 9.)

/J. (Inspect the
ba t/i iny t«6.5Iaii-
rer, De Wette.
Gesenius muh s
the word " a mid-
wift's stool" in
his last edition.)

e Pr. 16, 6. Vs.
118, 6. Ec. 8, 12.
Mat. 10, 28. Ac.
5,29.

V (This is true of
all persons much
engaged in out-
door viork. Jjiyh t-
foot understands
them to saji,
"Since they are
not in travail as
the Egyptian wo-
men, it could he
nothing but the
immediate hand
of God with
them.")

/Ts. 111,10. Pr.
11, 18. Is.3, 10.
He. 6, 10.

f (Increased their
families. Uoseii-
miiller&Maurcr.
Married them in-
to the enngrcyn-
tion of Israel
Liglitfoot.) 1 Sa.
2, a5. 2 Sa. 7,
11,27,29. 1 Ki.
11, 38. Ps. 37, 3.

0 See ch. 7, 20.

TT (Amram. CIi.
6, 20. Nu. 2B,
59. IChr. 2.3,14.)

p (Jochcbed, when
she was seventy-
eight years old.
Ch. 6, 20. Nil.
20, 59.)

<r (Xot her first-
born son, vihich
was Aaron.)

plied and gi*ew. And they were
grieved because of the children of
Israel. ■'■'^Aiid the Egyptians made
the children of Israel to serve with
rigour : ^^ and they made their lives
bitter ■with hard bondage, in mortar,
and in brick, and in all manner of
service in the field : all their service,
wherein they made them serve, was
with rigour.

^^And the king of Egypt spake to
the Hebrew midwives, of which the
name of the one 7oas Shiphrah, and
the name of the other Puah :^ ^"^and
he said, " AVhen ye do the office of
a midwife to the Hebrew women,
and see them upon the stools ;'^ if it
be a son, then ye shall kill him :
but if it be a daughter, then she shall
live."

^''But the midwives feared God,
and did not as the king of Egypt
commanded them, but saved the men
children alive.*

^^And the king of Egypt called
for the midwives, and said unto them,
" Why have ye done this thing, and
have saved the men children alive?"

^^ And the midwives said unto Pha-
raoh, " Because the Hebrew women
are not as the Egyptian women ; for
they are lively, and are delivered ere
the midwives come in unto them.""

^•^ Therefore God dealt well with
the midwives / and the people mul-
tiplied, and waxed very mighty.
2^ And it came to pass, because the
midwives feared God, that He made
them houses.^

^^And Pharaoh charged all his
people, saying, "Every son that is
born ye shall cast" into the river, and
every daughter ye shall save alive."

TT "I A.M. .3752. B.C. 1689. Eotpt. T/^o
-'--'■•J Gods preparation of Moses for the deli- ^"'J

'Jo<Ts preparation of Moses for the deli-
verance of the I.traelites, sixty-three years
after the death of Joseph.

house of Levi, and took to icife
a daughterP of Levi. '^And tlie wo-
man conceived, and bare a son i*^ and

when she saw him that he was a
goodly chilcl^^ she hid^ him three
months.'^ ^And when she could not
longer hide him, she took for him an
ark of bulrushes," and daubed it with
slime^ and with pitch,v and put the
child therein ; and she laid it in the
flags by the river's brink. ^And his
sister* stood afar oft', to wit' what
would be done to him.

^And the daughter^ of Pharaoh
came down to washi herself at the
river ; and her maidens walked along
by the river's side ; and when she
saw the ark among the flags, she
sent her maid to fetch it. ''And
when she had opened ?V, she saw the
child : and, behold, the babe wept.
And she had compassion on him,
and said, " This is one of the He-
brews' children."

'^Then said his sister to Pharaoh's
daughter, " Shall I go and call to
thee a nurse of the Hebrew women,
that she may nurse the child for
thee?"

^And Pharaoh's daughter said to
her, "Go."

And the maid went and called the
child's mother.

^ And Pharaoli's daughter said unto
her, " Take this child away, and
nurse it for me, and I will give thee
thy wages."

And the woman took the child,
and nursed it. ^^ And the child grew,
and she brought him unto Pharaoh's
dauglitei", and he became her son."
And slic called his name Moses :'• and
slie said, " Because I drew him out
of the water."

^^And it came to pass in those
days, when Moses was grown," that
he Avent out unto his brethren, and
looked on their burdens : and he spied
an Egyptian smiting an Hebrew, one
of his brethren, ^'^And he looked
this way and that way, and when lie
saw tliat there ivas no man, he slew
the Egyptian, and hid him in the
sand.

e (Much of the
present history is
cited in Act.s vii.
and He.xi. o/( n
in the very wants
of the Siplua-
yint.)

g lie. 11, 23. Ac.

7, 20.

T (Believing thnt
he would be pre-
served for S'tnii:
special instru-
ment of God'i
ylory.higliUoot.)

a (Papyrus.) Job

8, 11. Is. 18,2;
35, 7. (It i
of the tribe of
sedyes.)

/3 0'?'7 chemcr,
bitumen, Ge. 11,
3.)

y (npT zcplietli,
pix, resin ob-
tained from lilt
pine.)

6 (Miriam, Nu
26, 59.)

£ (To know, from
the Saxon "wit-
an." Ge. 30, 8
2 Co. 8, 1. Cut-
ton.)

i (Called by Ahul-
farayius, Ther-
muthis.)

7) (An Egyptian
bathing scene, a
lady with four
fenurle seri'nnts,
is depicted on one
of the tombs at
Thebes. Pic. Bil).
Washing, not of
the person, but oj
their clothes, was
a7i emplfujment
irhich tvcn hinys
dan y liters did not
cmtslilrr beneath
them in primitive
times. Sec Ho-
mer, Od., vi.,90,
&c. Clarke.)

n Behold what
manner of love
the Father hath
hcstowcfl upon
us... 1 Jno. 3, 1.

c. That is. Drawn
out. (Josephus
derives it from
theEyi/ptian, and
expkiins it by "he
that is saved from
the ivater." Ge-
senius.)

o When he was
full forty years
old.. .Ac. 7, 23.

A.M. 3832. 1
B.C. 1609.;

;)(TTf)\voul(lhlivo
sot tlioin at ()iu>
n;;ftiii, snyiiiK.
Si IS, ye nro hrv-
thrcu'. Ac. 7, 20.

K llcb., a man, n
piiiue. Cle. 13, 8.

q lie supposed
his bn'tiirni
wiiiild have iiii-
dcrstiMid liow
that (iod liy his
lianil wcjiiUl de-
liver tliein ; but
they understood
iiot. Ac. 7, 25.

\ (The voluntary
killing a person
tciLi ncrording to
the Uiws of E-
gypt cfrtain
death to the ag-
gressor. Diodtt-
rus, 1. i., p. 70.)

li(The son n/Ciish.
See Nu. 12, 1.
Ila. 3, 7.)

rGe. 24, 11; and
29, 2.

V Ot princ'\ as
Gc.41, 45.

f (Drove their
Jlnck.i away, ami
2>rnjUing by the
young woniens
Uihiiur, watered
their own cattle.
Clarke.)

T Nu. 10, 29, call-
ed also Jtthro or
Jether. Ch. 3, 1 ;
4, 18; 18, 1, &c.
(lie was proba-
bly the father <f
liolxib orJelhro.
Ch. 3, 1. Ju. 4,
11.)

p T\\tii is, a stran-
ger here.

s ...lie begat two
Sons. Ac. 7, 21>.
...The name of
the other was K-
liezer, 'my (Jml
is an lielp,' (he-
cms-) tlie l.or.1

said all the

men are dead
that sought thv
life. Ch. 4, 1!).'
(J/e was ht>rn
just as Moses was
settinii out fnr
Egypt. at. 4,20.)

T (Forty years af-
ter the escape of
Mises from E-
gypt. Ac. 7, 30.
3Ioses teas now
nearly fourscore.
Ch. 7, 7.)

EXODUS.

^'^And Avlion lie went out llic se-
cond day, behold, two men of the
Hebrews strove together: and he
said to him that did the wrong,
"Wherefore smitcst thou thy fel-
low?"/'

^■^ And he said, "Who made thee
a prince* and a judge over us? in-
tendest thou to kill me, as thou kill-
edst the Egyptian ?"

And Moses feared, and said, "Sure-
ly this thing is known,"^

^^Now when Pharaoh heard this
tiling, he sought to slay jNIoses.'^
J Jut Moses fled from the face of
Pharaoh, and dwelt in the land of
Midian :** and he sat down by a
well/

^''Now the priest" of Midian had
seven daughters : and they came and
drew icater., and filled the troughs to
water their father's flock. ^^And
the shepherds came and drove them^
away : but Moses stood up and helped
them, and watered their flock.

^'^And when they came to Reucl'^
their father, he said, " How is it that
ye are come so soon to day?"

^'■•And the}'^ said, "An Egyptian
delivered us out of the hand of the
shepherds, and also drew water
enough for us, and watered the
flock."

^And he said unto his daughters,
" And where is he ? why is it that
yc have left the man ? call him, that
he may cat bread."

^^And Moses was content to dwell
with the man : and he gave Moses
Zipporah his daughter. ^^And she
bare him a son, and he called his name
(Jershom -.f for he said, " I ha\e been
a stranger in a strange land."*

A.M. 38.32. B.C. 1609. MoiTjfT ITonF.B (in [f\A.
Midiau, near the eastern arm of the Red L"'*
sea).
The call of Moset.

'^AND it came to pa''s in process'^
of time, that the king of Egy])t died :
and the children of Israel sighed by
reason of the bondage, and they cried.

and their cry came up unto (!od by
reason of the bondage."

'^And (Jod heard their groaning,"
and (iod remembered His covenant
with Abraham, with Isaac, and with
• Jacob. '-^"^ And (Jod looked' upon the
children of Israel, and CJod had re-
spect unto thein.^

-. iNow Moses kept the flock
J of Jethro his father in law,
the priest of Midian : and he led the
flock to the backside of the desert,
and came to the mountain of God,
even to Horeb.v

'^And the Angel of the Lord ap-
peared unto him in a flame* of fire
out of the midst of a bush :* and he
looked, and, behold, the bush burned
with fire, and the bush icas not con-
sumed. ^And Moses said, " I will
now turn aside, and sec this great
sight, why the bush is not burnt."

•*And when the Loud saw that he
turned aside to see, God called unto
him out of the midst of the bush, and
said, " jNIoscs, Moses."

And he said, " Here am I."

^And He said, " Draw not nigh
hither : put oft' thy shoes from oft'
thy feet, for the place whereon thou
standest is holy ground."" ^Moreover
He said, " I am the (iod of thy fa-
ther, the God of Abraham, the (Jod
of Isaac, and the God of Jacob."

And Moses hid'^' his face ; for he
was afraid to look upon (iod.

^And the Lokd said, " I have
surely seen the affliction of My people
which are in Egypt, and have heard
their cry by reason of their task-
masters ; for I know their sorrows ;"'
^and I am come down to deliver them
out of the hand of the Egyptians, and
to bring them up out of that land
unto a good land and a large, unto a
land flowing with milk and honey ;^
unto the place of the ("anaanites, and
the Hittites, and the Amorites, and
the Perizzites, and the Hivitcs, and
the .lebusites. ''Now therefore, be-
hold, the cry of the chihlnn of Israel
is come unto Me : and I have also

J EX. 1, 13.
i 3,9.

s The Kjryptiann
vixi-d us and
our fatlnTK, an<l
when wi' cried
unto the Lord
ll(! heard our
Voire. Nu. 20,
15, IG. I»e. 26,
7. I's. 12, 6.

a (Cod sriilom re-
moves the ]>un-
ishmint of sin
till its bitterness
has been felt.)

Job

( CM. 4, 31.

33, 27, 28.

/3 Heh., knew.
(The transposi-
tion of one Ifller

makes thelle.brew
conformable to
the Greek, —
" And lie was
viaile known unto
thim." Kcnni-
cott.)

y (The northern
end of a lofty
rii/ge of mvun-
ta ins in A rabia
I'etrwa, tyattr
is abundant, and
in the valleys
great fruilful-
IU..S. Ch. 18, 5;
& 1 Ki. 19, 8.)

& ( The lAjrit op-
]>e'ired somewhat
similarly to A-
braham. Ge. 15,
17. De. 33, 16.
Is. 63, 9. Ac. 7,
30.

e (Lit., a bramble,
or thorn hush.)

u (So) the Cap-
tain of tlu'Lord's
host said unto
.li.shua. Jos. 5,
16.

r rSo) Elijah
wrapped liis face
in liis mantle...
1 Ki. 19, 13.

('• The Epyptinns
made their lives
liitter with lianl

bondage all

the siTvice
wherein they
made them Rer>-e
was with rigour.
Ch. 1, 14.

X A land of

br<K>ks <if water,
of foinitains and
depths, that
spring out of
valleys and hills
— a land of
wheat, and bar-
ley, and vines,
anil fig-tn-es,
and iximegran-
aUs...L)e. 8, 7,8.

EX. 3, 10. 7
4, 26. i

1/ I brought tlipo
up out of the
laud of Efiypt
;ui(l redocuuil
tlipc out of the
house of ser-
vants, and I
sent before thee
Moses, Aaron,
and Miriam.
Mi. 6, 4.

(if Jeremiah )said,
Ah, Lord Ctod !
Kcliold I can-
not speak ; for 1
am a child. Je.
1, (i. Ch. 6, 12.
1 Sa. IS, IS. 2
Co. 2, 16 ; and 3,
5.

' (Though this
iDos posterior to
the eyress of the
Israelites from
Eijypt it still had
much of the siy-
vificancy ayid ef-
fect of a token.
Clialmers.)

7) (The Israelites
having been long
vnthout any re-
velation andtheir
minds being de-
yrmled by their
bondage they
could have no
distinct notion
of live Divine Be-
ing. Clarke.)

e (The Hebrew
may be read in
the future tense,
' I will be whom
I tvill be.' Ho
A herbanel, Da the,
liosen., Baum.
Equivalent to it
is the phrase —
' Which tons and
is and is to come.'
Ke.1,8. He. 13,
8.)

i (Perhaps rather,
^ He loho will be,'
or, ' Who is.'
Comp. J no. 3,
19, and 8, 58.)

K (Lit., Jehovah
the God of your
fathers.)

\ (In fulfilment of
My promise to
Jacob. Ge. 46,
4.)

6 The people

believed and...
they bowed their
heads and wor-
shipped. Ch. 4,
31.

EXODUS.

seen the oppression wherewith the
Egyptians oppi'css them. ^'^Come
now therefore, and I will send thee
unto Pharaoh, that thou niayest bring
forth My people the children of Israel
out of Egypt. "^

^^ And Moses said unto Clod, "AVho
am"- 1, that I should go unto Pharaoh,
and that I should bring forth the
children of Israel out of Egypt?"

^'■^And He said, "Certainly I will
be with thee ; and this shall be a
token unto thee, that I have sent
thee : When thou hast brought forth
the people out of Egyj^t, ye shall
serve God upon this mountain. "f

^^ And Moses said unto God, "Be-
hold, when I come unto the children
of Israel, and shall say unto them,
' The God of your fathers hath sent
me unto you ;' and they shall say to
me, ' What is His name ?' what shall
I say unto them?"''

^*And God said unto Moses, "I
AM THAT I AM :"« and He said,
" Thus shalt thou say unto the chil-
dren of Israel, ' I AM' hath sent
me unto you.' " ^^And God said
moreover unto Moses, " Thus shalt
thou say unto the children of Israel,
' The Lord" God of your fathers, the
God of Abraham, the God of Isaac,
and the God of Jacob, hath sent me
unto you :' this is ]\Iy name for ever,
and this is My memorial unto all
generations. •'^Go, and gather the
elders of Israel together, and say
unto them, ' The Lord God of your
fathers, the God of Abraham, of
Isaac, and of Jacob, appeared unto
me, saying, " I have surely visited'^
you, and seen that which is done to
you in Egj^it : ^^and I have said, I
will bring you up out of the affliction
of Egypt unto the land of the Ca-
naanites, and the Ilittites, and the
Amorites, and the Perizzites, and the
Uivites, and the Jebusites, unto a
land flowing with milk and honey." '
^^ And they shall hearken to thy
voice :* and thou shalt come, thou and
the elders of Israel, unto the king of

Egypt, and ye shall say unto him,
' The Lord God of the Ilebrews hath
met with us : and now let us go, Ave
beseech thee, three days' joui'ney into
the wilderness, that we may sacrifice
to the Lord our God.' ^''And I am
sure that the king of Egypt will nof^
let you go, no, not by a mighty'^
hand. ^'^And I will stretch out My
hand, and smite'^ Egypt with all My
wonders which I will do in the midst
thereof: and after that he will let
you go.* ^^And I will give this
people favour in the sight of the
Egyptians : and it shall come to pass,
that when ye go, ye shall not go
empty :/ ^^ but every woman shall
borrow" of her neighbour, and of her
that sojourneth in her house, jewels
of silver, and jewels of gold, and
raiment : and ye shall put them upon
3^our sons, and upon your daughters ;
and ye shall spoilt the Egyptians.""

IV.]

A.M.3832. B.C. 1609. Mount IIoueb

Moses is endowed with miraculous
powers.

•[65

AND Moses answered and said,
" But, behold, they will not be-
lieve me, nor hearken unto my voice :
for they will say, ' The Lord hath
not appeared unto thee.' "

^ And the Lord said unto him,
" What is that in thine hand?"

And he said, "Arod."'"

^And He said, "Cast it on the
ground."

And he cast it on the ground, and
it became a serpent ; and Moses fled
from before it.

^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Put forth thine hand, and take it
by the tail."P — And he put forth his
hand, and caught it, and it became
a rod in his hand : — ^ " That they
may believe that the Lord God of
their fathers, the God of Abraham,
the (Jod of Isaac, and the God of
Jacob, hath appeared unto thee."
— ''x^nd the Lord said furthermore
unto him, " Put now thine hand into
thy bosom."

r A.M. 3832.
1 B.C. 1609.

c Pharaoh said,
W'hoistheLoiU)
(Jehovah) that I
should obey His
voice to let Is-
rael go f 1 know
not the Lord
(Jehouali), nei-
ther will I let
Isr.ael go. Ch.
5, 2 ; and 7, 4.

fn Or, but by a
strong hand.

d For thovi kiiew-
est that they
dealt proudly a-
gaiust them.
Ne.9,10. De.G,
22. Ps. 105, 27.
Ac. 7, 36.

e Ch. 12, 31.

/Ge. 15,14. Ch.
11,2; and 12, 36.

V (The "jtraj means
' to ask, beg, pray
for.' It occurs
"Ps. 122, 6, 'Pray
for the peace of
Jerusalem ;'
where it is obvi-
ous it cannot
mean 'borrow.'
Hence the objec-
tion so often
made, that the Is-
raelites borrowed
what was never
repaid is ground-
less. They asked
and received them
as presents.
Kcnnicott and
Dathe.)

f (The original
word is used 1
Sa. 30, 22, to sig-
nify the recovery
of property that
had been taken a-
way by violence.
So here the Is-
raelites recovered
a 2>art of their
property— their
iriii/r.s, of which
till y had been un-
justly deprived
by the Egyptians.
Clarke.)

o Or, Egypt. Job
27, 17. Pr. 13,
22. Eze. 39,10.

77 (rnSQ matteh,
n staff, probably
his slnpliiril's
c/w;A:.J...passeth
under the rod.
Le. 27, 32.

p (To meddle with
the serpent's (em-
blem of the devil)
head belonged not
to Moses but to
Christ who spake
to him. Light-
foot.)

A.M. 3832. 1
B.C. 1609. ]■

EXODUS.

f EX. 3,10.
t 4, 26.

■ TTie lepra vul-
garis, rt arnly iti-
n, ii.ie of (hr skin
;/' III rail;/ affecl-
iii'l thf kneex aiul
rllmira, hut xomf-
<i/H''.« ejctemlinij
nnr the whnle
hxhl.) Nu. 12,
10. 2 Ki. 5, 27.

T (S'tling forth
th- poire r of Jr-
hmith both over
the Srrpent and
over ain.)

V Heb., shnll be
attd shall be.

^ (Prodigies of
this nature were
always looked
upon as very
farful.)

X IK'b^ a man of

i(i Ili'h., since yes-
t' rdiiy, nor since
the third day.

g Ch. 6, 12.

h '?!•.) .Jonah rose
up to flee from
till' presence of
tlie Lord... Jon.
1, 3.

w Or, ahouhhst.
(iiUiidiny per-
haps to the Shi-
loh.) Oe. 49, 10.

a (fn compassion
to human weak-
ni ss lie conde-
sreivled to assure
him of farther
assistance. Brj'-
ant.) See ve. 27.

^ (Ue teas as a
Divinity to sug-
gest anil another
was to declare
his purpose, but
the Jirst sugge.i-
tion was to come
from God.
Bryant.)

And lie put his hand into lii.s
bosom : and when he took it out,
behold, his hand was leprous'' as
snow.

"■And He said, "Put thine hand
into thy bosom afjain.'' — And he put
his hand into his bosom again ; and
plueked it out of his bosom, and,
bi'hold, it was turned again as his
other flesh. — ^^"And it shall come
to pass, if they will not believe thee,
neither hearken to the voice of the
first sign, that they will believe the
voice of the latter sign.'^ ''And it
shall come to pass, if they will not
believe also these two signs, neither
hearken unto thy voice, that thou
shalt take of the water of the river,
and pour it upon the dry land: and
the water which thou takest out of
the river shall" become blood*^ upon
the dry land.''

^•'And Moses said unto the Lord,
" 0 my Lord, I am not eloquent, x
neither heretofore,"'' nor since Thou
hast spoken unto 'i'hy servant : Init 1
am slow of speech, and of a slow
tongue. "5'

^^ And the Lokd said imto him,
" Who hath made man's mouth ? or
who maketh the dumb, or deaf, or
the seeing, or the blind ? have not I
the Lokd? ^■^Now therefore go, and
I will be with thy mouth, and teach
thee what thou shalt say."

*^ And he said, "0 my Lord, send,*
I pray Thee, by the hand of him
whom Thou wilt send.""

^^And the anger of the Lord was
kindled" against ^fo.ses, and He said,
" Is not Aaron the Lcvite thy bro-
ther? I know that he can speak
well. And also, behold, he cometh
forth to meet thee : and when he
seeth thee, lie will be glad in his
heart. *^And thou'' shalt speak unto
him, and put words in his mouth :
and I will be with thy mouth, and
with his mouth, and Avill teach you
what ye shall do. ^^'And he sjiall
be thy spokesman uuto the people :
and he shall be, even he shall be to

thee instciid of a mouth, and thou
shalt be to him instead of ( Jod. ^^And
thou shalt take thisV rod in thine
hand, wherewith thou shalt do signs."

A.M. .3832. B.C. 1609. Egypt. Tn/^

Moses and Aaron deelnre their message to the |_"'-'
people.

^'^AND Moses went and returned
to iJethro* his father in law, and said
unto liiin, " Let me go, I pray thee,
and return unto my brethren which
are in Egyi)t, and see whether they
be yet alive."*

And Jethro said to Moses, "Go
in peace."

^^And the Lord said unto Moses
in ^lidian, "Go, return into Egypt :
for all the men are dead which sought
thy life."

^^xVnd Moses took his wife and bis
sons, and set them upon an ass,^ and
he i-eturned to the land of Egypt :
and Moses took the rod of God in
his liand.

~^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" AVhen thou goest to return unto
Egy})t, sec that thou do all those
wonders before Pharaoh, which 1
have put in thine hand : but 1 will
harden his heart, that he shall not
let the people go. ^-^And thou shalt
say unto Pharaoh, Thus saith the
Lord, ' Israel is My son, even My
firstborn :' -"^and I say unto thee. Let
My son go, that he may serve Me :
and if thou refuse to let him go, be-
hold, 1 will slay thy son, even thy
firstborn.' "

^^And it came to pass by the way
in the inn, that the Lord met him,
and sought to kill him.''

^ Then Zipporah took a sharp
stone,* and cut off the foreskin of
her son, and cast' it at his feet, and
said, " k^urely a bloody husband art
thou to me."* '-^^'So lie let him go :
then she said, " A bloody husl)and
t/i(iu art, because of the ciivmn-
cision."'^

y (Rod denotes
support anil nS'
siittincr,also rule,
authorili/, <t (/»•
miiiUm.) fli. 4,
20; and 7, LI.
I's. 23, 4; and
110,2. I.s. 11,1.
Je. 48, 17; 51,
19. He. 1,8.

5 Heb., Jtther.

e (Ttie great work
oftUtiveriinc; was
not to be effected
by humttn nirnns ;
for if Moses Jird
away at first
without hopes,
what new expec-
tations could be
pnniuced after
the Uipse of forty
yars. Bryant.;
Comp. Mat. 1.
20.

f (Moses would
not leave them
bi-hind him for
far hi- and they
should never
meet aqain.
Lightfoot.)

I See Ho. 11, 1.
Mat. 2, 15.

T) (On account of
his hnving neg-
lected the cir-
cumcisinti of his
child {either Ger-
slioin or Eliezer)
Maurer.)

9 Or, knife. Jo8.
5,2,3. (Of flint:
such wt re anci-
ently uaetl.)

I Heb., made it
touch.

K (There seems to

have lieen some
hrsitali.in on the
jmrtiif /ipjKirah,
but ilir nllrriui-
lire was death or
olieilieiiee,

Bryant.)

K (It is difficult to
ilrcide to whom
thrae loords were
tuUlrcssed.)

EX. 4, 27. 1
6, 17. ]•

EXODUS.

II (The lawgiver
(171(1 the priest
were the first per-
sons whom God
empowered to
work miracles,
Pretyman.)

V (Mohammed, al-
though he pro-
fessed himself a
divine amlmssa-
dor, did not dare

to propose to
himself to feign
a miracle.)

f (If we set asidf
supernntural as-
sistance, Moses (t
Aaron stand un-
supported, with-
out one requisite
towards the com-
pletion of their
purpose.
Bryant.)

(j) (Jehovah, the
God.)

X (^^'ho is "Jeho-
vah.")

o (In Ih is first np-
plicntion to Pha-
raoh ire nhst:rfe
that proper re-
spectful sulmiis-
sion which is due
from subjects to
their sovereigji.
Dodd.)

IT (Hinder, frovi
thcSaxon iettan.)

exactors or op-
pressors. It is a
different word
from that in ch.
1, 11.)

<^ (DnTiTIJ shote-
rim, the writers.
This is highly
characteristic of
the .state of '
things in Egypt.
Pic. Bib.)

^Aml the Lord said to Aaron,
" Go into the wilderness to meet
Moses."'

And he went, and met him in the
momit of God, and kissed him.

^^And Moses told Aaron all the
words of the Lord who had sent him,
and all the signs'^ which He had com-
manded him.

^And Moses and Aaron went and
gathered together all the elders of
the children of Isi'ael : ^^and Aaron
spake all the words which the Lord
had spoken unto Moses, and did" the
signs in the sight of the people.
^^ And the people believed -J and
when they heard that the Lord had
visited the children of Israel, and
that He had looked upon their afflic-
tion, then they bowed their heads
and worshipped.

v.]

A.M. 3832. B.C. 1609 (the close of \ nj
the year). Egypt. |_" •

Moses ami Aaron deliver their message
to Pharaoh. Its immediate consequences.

AND afterward Moses and Aaron
went in, and told Pharaoh, "Thus
saith the Lord God'^ of Israel, ' Let
My people go, that they may hold a
feast unto Mc in the wilderness.' "

^And Pharaoh said, " Who is the
LoRD,x that I should obey His voice
to let Isi-ael go ? I know not the
Lord, neither will I let Israel go."

^ And they said, " The God of the
HebrcAvs hath met with us : let us
go, we pray thee, three days' journey
into the desert, and sacrifice unto the
Lord our God; lest He fall upon us
with pestilence, or with the sword."°

* And the king of Egypt said unto
them, " Wherefore do ye, Moses and
Aaron, lef^ tlie people from their
works'? get you unto your burdens."

^And Pharaoh said, "JJehold, the
people of the land now are many,
and ye make them rest from their
burdens." — ^ And Pharaoh com-
manded the same day the taskmas-
tersP of the people, and tlieir officers, "■
saying, ^ " Ye shall no more give the

people straw to make brick, as here-
tofore : let them go,'^ and gather
straw for themselves. ^ And the tale"
of the bricks,"^ which thej^ did make
heretofore, ye shall lay upon them ;
ye shall not diminish ouffht thereof:
for they be idle ; therefore they cry,
saying, ' Let us go and sacrifice to
our God.' ^Let there more work be
laid upon the men,x that they may
labour therein ; and let them not re-
gard vain words."

^•^ And the taskmasters of the people
went out, and their officers, and they
spake to the people, saying, "Thus
saith Pharaoh, ' I will not give you
straw.' ^^Goye, get you straw where
ye can find it : yet not ought of your
work shall be diminished."

^^ So the people were scattered
abroad througliout all the land of
Egypt to gather stubble instead of
straw,

^^ And the taskmasters hasted'''
them, saying, " Fulfil your works,
i/our daily tasks," as when there was
straw."

^*And the officers of the childi'en
of Israel, which Pharaoh's taskmas-
ters had set over them, were beaten,"
and demanded, "Wherefore have ye
not fulfilled your task in making
bricks both yesterday and to-day, as
heretofore ?"

^^ Then the officers of the children
of Israel came and cried unto Pha-
raoh, saying, " Wherefore dealest
thou thus with thy servants ? ^''There
is no straw given unto thy servants,
and they say to us, ' Make brick :'
and, behold, thy servants are beaten ;
but the fault is in thine own people."

^'^But he said, "Ye at^e idle, i/e
are idle : therefore ye say, ' Let us
go and do sacrifice to the Lord.'
^*^Cio therefore now, a^id work: for
there shall no straw be given you,
yet shall ye deliver the tale of
bricks."^

^•^And the officers of the children
of Israel did see that they were in

/A.M. 3832.
{ B.C. 1609.

T (TJ^e people
whom Mnses

wished to collect
vjere thus sepa-
rated more than
ever.)

V (Iteckoning,

from the Saj-on
telan. Ve. 18.
1 Sa. 18, 27. 1
Ch. 9, 28. Cot-
ton.)

</i (The tricks of
the first pyramid
at Dashoor are
of fine clay from
the Nile mingled
toith chopped
straw. The in-
termixture gives
the bricks an as-
tonishing durabi-
lity. Pic. Bib.)

X Heb., Let thr

work be heavy
upon the men.

\l/ (Urged them.
Dathe, De

Wctte.)

(0 Ileb., a matter
of a day in his
day.

a (Bastinadoed.
Men and boys
were laid fiat up-
on the grourul,
and frequently
hi-ld hi/ till- hands
aiHlfertiehilethe
c/idstiftt'incnt was
administered.
Wilkinson.)

P (On a painting
in a tomb at
Thebes some la-
bourers are em-
ployed in trans-
porting the clay
in vessels, some
in intermingling
it with straw;
others are taking
the bricks out of
the mould and
placing them in
rows. Pic. Bib.)

A.M. 3832. 1
B.C. 1609. t

EXODUS.

EX. 4, 27.
6, 17.

(Lissen or im-
Ui'iir, from the
I^iiiii niinao.
(■..tt(.ii.)

{ 'I'lii.iirn.ienoiifjh
t" iiitikf the 2>^'>-
pli' detest the
t nil me of Moses.)

i» lilt)., M .itliik.
. :\i, 30. 1 Sa.
1 i:!, 4, and 27, 12.

2Sii. 10,6. IC'li.

lit, (J.

' (Cml xuffereil
Ili.i people to lie
ill tfii.i perplexiti/
and dixtrrss Hint
they miyht iri.ih

for delirerniire,
ami he rend;/ to
obey. Bryant.)

ij WiAi., delivering
Thou hast not
d'livcred.

Pliaraoh said.
Rise up, and Rot
you fiirtli fnmi
amonK my ])io-
ple, biitli ye and
the cliildren of
Israel, and gi>
serve tlie Lord,
as ye have said

.and bless me
also. Ch. 12, 31.

B Or, jEnovAH.

I (It is plain from
Ge. 2,4; 4, 1 ; ft,
26; 15,2; 22,14;
27,7; 28,20, that
the name Jehovah
fcas trell known
to the people of
God from the
first. The mean-
ing therefore is,
that God hud
never yet given
any signal proof
that He was the
One true God, the
only self-exiitent
<t eternal Jleing.
&ech.l4, 2; 1.5,
3, 11; and 18,11.
Heng.itetdierg
mnk'-s the word
the regular fu-
ture of the verb,
rnn havah, toftr,
and meaning pro-
perly The Exist-
ing, lit., ' lie will
exist.'

k What one na-
tion in the rartti
is like Thy peo-
ple Israel, whom
(Jod went to re-
deem to lie His
own people, to
make Thee a
name of great-
ness and terri-
bleness....! C'hr.
17, 21.

evil case, .after it was said, " Ye sliall
not niini.-<li'>' oiig/it from your bricks
of your daily task."*

^And they met ^fosei^ and Aaron,
who stood in tlio way, as they came
fortli from l*haraoh ; '^^and they said
unto them, " The Lono look upon
yon, and judge ; because yc have
made our savour to be abhorred* in
the eyes of Pharaoh, and in the eyes
of his servants, to put a sword in
tlieir hand to slay us."^

^- And IMoses returned unto tlie
LoKi), and said, " Lord, wherefore
hast Thou so evil entreated this peo-
ple? why is it that Thou hast sent
mc? 2^ For since I came to Pharaoh
to speak in Thy name, he hath done
evil to this people ; neither liast Thou
delivered'' Tliy jtooplo at all."
,xj -| ^Thcn the Loud said unto
*-'-"J Moses, "Now shalt thou see
what I will do to Pharaoli : for with
a strong hand shall he lot them go,
and with a strong hand shall he drive'
them out of his land."

A.M. 3832. n.r. 1C09. Egypt. r/?Q

God encourages Moses by a renewal of His [_'-''-'
promise. His backwardness.

^AND God spake unto Moses, and
said unto him, " I am the Lonn :*
"^and I appeared unto Abraham, unto
Isaac, and unto .Jacob, by the name
nf fJod Almiglity, but by My name
Jehovah was I not' known' to
them. *And I have also establislied
My covenant with them, to give them
the land of Canaan, the land of their
Itilgrimage, wherein they were stran-
gers. ''And 1 have also heard the
gi-oaning of the children of Israel,
whom the Egyptians keep in bond-
age ; and I have remembered My
covenant. ** Wherefore say unto the
children of Israel, ' I am the Lord,
and I will bring you out from under
the burdens of the Egyptians, and I
will rid you out of their bondage, and
I will redeem* you with a stretched

out arm, and with girat judgments :
^and I will takt;' you to Mo for a
people, and I will be to you a God :
and ye shall know that I am tlie
Loud your God, whicli bringeth you
out fi-om under the burdens of the
Egyptians. ^And I will bring you
in unto the land, concerning the
which I did swear* to give it to
Abraham, to Isaac, and to .Jacob ;
and I will give it you for an heri-
tage : I am the Lord.' "

^AND Moses spake so unto the
children of Israel : but they heark-
ened not unto Moses fur anguish'^ of
spirit, and for cruel bondage.

^^And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^*"Go in, speak unto Pha-
raoh king of Egypt, that he let the
children of Israel go out of his
laud."

^- And Moses spake before the
Loud, s.aying, "Pehold, the chil-
dren of Israel have not hearkened
unto me ; how then shall Pharaoh
hear mc, who am of uncircmncised'*
lips ?"

^3 And the Lord spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, and gave them a
charge imto the children of Isr.ael,
and unto Ph.araoh king of Egvpt, to
bring the children of Isr.ael out of
the land of Egypt.

1^ These he the heads of their fa-
thers' houses :" The sons of Keuben'"
the firstborn of Israel ; Hanoeh, and
I'allu, Ilezrou and Carmi : these 6e
tlic families of Keuben. ^^And the
sons of Simeon : .Jemuel, and .lainin,
and Ohad, and .Jachin, and Zohar,
and Shaul the sou of a Can.aanitish
woman : these are the families of
Simeon.

^''Aiid these are the names of the
sons of Levif according to their gene-
rations ; Gershon, and Kohath, and
Merari : and the years of the life of
Levi icere an hundred thirty and
seven years. ^^ The sons of fJer-
shon ;" Libni, and Shimi, according

' Kstahlish

thee ((Mlay for
a people unto
Himself, & that
Ho nmy Ikj to

thee a Oo<l

De. 20, 13.

K Ileb, lift up my
hand. See Cic.
14, 22. De. 32,
40. Ezo. 20, 5.
(The Hebraism is
ret'iini-U in thr
margin, Nu. 14,
30. Nc. 9, 16.)

A Ileb., shortness,
or, straitness.

fi. (I have, not a
ready utternncf.
Manrcr. Ve..30.
Ch. 4, 10. The
word is u.ied to
imply anything
impure, useless,
ilnngernus, or de-
fective. Pic. Hib.)
Le. 26, 41. Je.
6, 10.

V (The thread nf
the narrative is
here broken off
and resumid, re.
211. (ieddesand
Ho.,throyd in-
clude, ve. 13 — 27
in a parenlfiesia).

m Go. 46, 9.
1 Chr. 5, 3.

fGo. 4«, 11. Nu.
3, 17. 1 Chr. 6,
1, 16. (Levi was
forty-three years
old-, sec (ie. 29,
34, when he camr
into Egypt, and
lived in it ninety-
fiiur years. He
lived the longeat
of all Jaoob't
sons.)

n 1 Chr. 0,17, and
2.3, 7.

EX. 6, 18. )
8,8. /

0 Xu. 26, 57.
1 Chr. 6, 2, 18.

p 1 Chr. 6, 19,
and 23, 21.

o (Moses inserts
the genealof/i/ nj
lieuben <{• Simeon
because they were
of the same vio-
ther with Levi.)

T! (The Fli ptungint
r,„,h, t/,f >lrt„;//i.
lero/his/athcr's
brother.)

p (Observe here
hotp the, divine
promise, Ge. 15,
16, of delivering
the Israelites out
of Eijupt in the
fourth generation
teas verified ; for
Moses was the
son of Amram,
the son of Kn-
hnth, the son of
Levi, the son of
Jacob. Dodd.)

0" (He who rose vp
against Moses &
Aaron, Nu. 16,

p ...The uncle of
Aaron. ...Lc. 10,
4. Nu. 3, 30.

q Of the trihe of
.Judah. Ru. 4,
19. 1 flir. 2,
10. Mat. 1, 4.

r Xadah & Ahihu
died. ..wlien they
offered strange
fire before tlie
Lord. ..and they
had nocliildri^n.
Nu. 3, 4, and 26,
60. Le. 10, 1.
1 Chr. 6, 3, and
24, 1.

s (ITe) tnmod My
wratli anay from
the children of
Israel, while lie
was zealous fur
My sake anion}?
them....Nu. 25,
11.

T (The plain and
disinterested
manner in which
Moses speaks here
of his relations,
and his imparti-
ality, are striking
proofs of his mo-
desty and since-
rity. He says
nothing of him-
self while he re-
lates par ticula rly
v;hat concerns
Aaron. Dodd.)

EXODUS.

r A.M. 3833.
[ B.C. 1608-

to their families. ^^And the sons of
Kohatb ;" Amram, and Izhar, and
Hebron, and Uzziel : and the years
of tlic life of Koliath were an hun-
dred thirty and three years. ^^And
the sons of Merari f ]\Iahali and
Mushi : these are the families of
Leyi according to their generations."

2^ And Amram took him Jochehed
his father's sister to wife ;" and she
bare him Aaron and INfoses :P and
the years of the life of Amram icere
an hundred and thirty and seven
years.

^^ And the sons of Izhar ; Korah,°"
and Nepheg, and Zithri. '-^^And the
sons of Uzziel -p Mishael, and Elza-
phan, and Zithri.

^^And Aaron took him Ellsheba,
daughter of Amminadab,? sister of
Naashon, to wife ; and she bare him
Nadab,*" and Abihu, Eleazar, and
Ithamar.

^^And the sons of Korah ; Assir,
and Elkanah, and Abiasaph : these
are the families of the Korhites,

^^And Eleazar Aaron's son took
him one of the daughters of Putiel
to wife ; and she bare him* Phinehas :
these are the heads of the fathers of
the Levites according to their fami-
lies.

2*^ These'' are that Aaron and Mo-
ses, to whom the Lord said, " Bring
out the children of Isi'ael from the
land of Egypt according to their
armies." ^7 These are they which
spake to Pharaoh king of Egypt, to
bring out tlic children of Israel from
Egypt : these are that Moses and
Aaron,

2^ And it came to pass on the day
when the Lord spake unto Moses in
the land of Egypt, ^^ that the Lord
spake unto Moses, saying, " I am
the Lord : speak thou unto Pharaoh
king of J'^gypt all that 1 sav unto
thee."

^*^ And Moses said before the Lord,
" Behold, I am of uncircumcised lips.

and how shall Pharaoh hearken unto
me ?"

^T-yj -| ^And the Lord said unto
* ■'•■'■•J Moses, " 8ee I have made
thee a god" to Pharaoh : and Aaron
thy brother shall be thy prophet.
^Thou shalt speak all that I command
thee : and Aaron thy brother shall
speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the
children of Israel out of his land.
^ And I will harden*^ Pharaoh's heart,
and multiply My signs and My won-
ders in the land of Egypt. ^But Pha-
raoh shall not hearken unto you, that
I may lay My hand upon Egypt, and
bring forth Mine armies, and My
people the children of Israel, out of
the land of Egypt by great judg-
ments, ^And the Egyptians shall
know that I am the Lord, when I
stretch forth Mine hand upon Egypt,
and bring out the children of Israel
fi'om among them,"

^And Moses and Aaron did as the
Lord commanded them, so did they,
'' And Closes was fourscore' years
old, and Aaron fourscore and three
years old, when they spake unto
Pharaoh,

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608 (beginning of the year). V a(\
Egypt. L"*^

God^s second message to Pharaoh. The first
plague,

^ AND the Lord spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, ^ saj^ing, "When
Pharaoh shall speak unto you, say-
ing, ' 8hcw a miracle for j'ou :' then
thou shalt say unto Aaron, ' Take
thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoli,
and it shall become a serpent.' "■<

^•^And Moses and Aaron went in
unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the
Lord had commanded : and Aaron
cast down his rod before Pharaoh,
and before his servants, and it be-
came a serpent,

^^ Then Pharaoh also called the
wise" men and the sorcerers :"'' now
tJK^ magicians" of Egypt, they also
did in like manner with their enchant-
ments. ^'-^Eor they cast down every
man his rod, and they became'" ser-

u (Like a divine
oracle, whose re-
sponses were dis-
closed by His
priest or prophet.
IJiyant.)

<^ (This is one of
til ree words trans-
lated 'hardened,'
and occurs but
once. It relates
to the unyielding-
ness of Pharaoh's
heart, after his
first resistance to
truth had begun.
It is translated
'stiff-necked.' Cli.
32, 9.)

t Moses was an
hundred and
twenty years old
when he died ;
his eye was not
dim, nor his
natural force
abated. De. 34,
7.

X (Tannin, trans-
lated whale, Ge.
1, 21, perhaps a
crocodile. Col.
C. H. Smith con-
ceives that it is
Niija Hage, the
agathndiemon of
Ancient Egypt,mi
whose monuments
it is frecptently
represented.)

u Ge. 41, 8.

"A D'p^'iDp cash-
shephim, those
who reveal hidden
things.)

V ... Janncs and
Jambres with-
stood Moses

2 Ti. 3, 8.

w (The serpent
charmers have the
power of remler-
ing the inflation
of the animal so
intense, that the
serpent becomes
rigid, and can be
held out horizon-
tally, as if it were
a rod. This ex-
plaitis the impos-
ture. Bib. Cyc.)

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. ]■

EXODUS.

EX. C, 18.
8,8.

1 fDi^mtired the
living aiiiiiMh.)

w Thronph do-
cpit tlioy rofuso
t.) know Me,
Kiiitli the I^oKu.
.Jc. 9, 6.

P (Tlie juilgmenV!
irliich follow are
all rnnnrhihly
pnint''il in re.ipiiU
to the iiiolatry o/

X (In a later age
the IjOrd sniii)
Wlien I slmll
make tlic land
of Epr>'pt deso-
late, & the comi-
trv shall he des-
titute of that
whereof it was
full, wlien I
shall smite all
them that dwell
therein, then
shall they know
that I am the
Lord. Eze. 32,
15.

y (TTie Egyptians
honoureil the Nile
with a religious
reverence.)

S (The fish were
in some degree
esteemed sacred.
Bryant.)

e Heb., gathering
of their waters.

((Brt/ant refers to
Porphyry, Jfa-
crob., and .Inv.
for proof that
there wa.<i nothing
which the Egyp-
tians abhorred
more than blood.)

y He turned their
waters into
blood, and slow
their fish. Ps.
105, 29.

1} (It is repejiffdlij
stated by Jlero-
dotus that fish
formed the prin-
cipal subsistence
of the Egyptians ;
they al^ them
fresh, sailed with
fossil salt, or
dried in the sun.
Pic. Bib.)

pcnts : but Aaron's rod swallowed
up their rods."

^^ And lie hardened Pharaoh's
heart, that he hearkened not unto
them ; as the Lord had said.

"And the T.,ORn said unto ]\foses,
" Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he
refuseth to let the people go.'" ^^Gct
thee unto IMiaraoh in the morning;
lo, he goeth out unto the water ; and
thou shalt stand by the river's brink
against he come ; and the rod which
was turned to a serpent shalt thou
take in thine hand.^ ^•'And thou
shalt say unto him, ' The Loud God
of the tiebi'ews hath sent me imto
thee, saying, Let My people go, that
they may serve Me in the wilder-
ness : and, behold, hitherto thou
wouldest not hear. ^"Thus saith the
Lord, In this thou shalt know that
I am the Lord ■/ behold, I will smite
with the rod that is in mine hand
upon the waters which are in the
river,v and they shall be tmnicd to
blood. ^^And the fish* that is in the
river shall die, and the river shall
stink ; and the Egyptians shall lothc
to drink of the water of the river.' "

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
" Say unto Aaron, ' Take thy rod,
and stretch out thine hand upon the
waters of Egypt, upon their streams,
upon their rivers, and upon their
ponds, and upon all their pools' of
water, that they may become blood ;^
and that there may be blood through-
out all the land of Egypt, both in
vessels of A\ood, and in vessels of
stone.' "

^•^And Moses and Aaron did so,
as the Lord commanded ; and he
lifted up the rod, and smote the
watersi' that ivere in the river, in
the sight of Pharaoh, and in the
sight of his servants ; and all the
waters that were in the river were
turned to blood. ^^And the fish that
icas in the river died i*! and the river
stank, and the Egyptians could not
drink of the water of the river : and

there was blood tliroughout all the
land of Egypt.

^^And the magicians of Egypt did
so witli their enchantments : and
Pharaoh's heart was hardened,* nei-
ther did he hearken unto them, as
the I>ORD had said.

'^•^And Pharaoh turned and went
into his house, neither did he set his
heart to this also. '^^ And all the
I\sjyptians digged roimd about the
river for water' to drink ; for they
could not drink of the water of the
river. ^''And seven days were ful-
filled, after that the Lord bad smit-
ten the river.

VIII.]

A.M. .3833. B.C. 1608. Egypt,

The second, third, and fourth plagw

conseqtient on Pharaoh^s refusal of

the fourth, fifth, and sixth messages

of God to him.

;.[70

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
"Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto
him. Thus saith the Lord, ' Let My
people go, that they may serve Me.
^And if thou refuse to let them go,
behold, I will smite all thy borders
with frogs :* ^ and the river shall
bring forth frogs abundantly, which
shall go up and come^ into thine
house, and into thy bedchamber, and
upon thy bed, and into the house of
thy servants, and upon thy people,
and into thine ovens, and into thy
kneadingtroughs -.'^ •* and the frogs
shall come up both on thee, and upon
thy people, and upon all thy ser-
vants.'" ''And the Lord spake unto
Moses, " Say unto Aaron, ' Stretch
forth thine hand with thy rod over
the strefims, over the rivers, and over
the ponds, and cause frogs to come
up upon the land of Egypt.' "

*^ And Aaron stretched out his hand
over the waters of Egypt ; and the
fi-ogs came up, and covered the land
of Egypt.

^And the magicians did" so with
their enchantments, and brought up
frogs upon the land of Egypt.

^Tben Pharaoh called for Moses

e (The word pTH
here used occurs
in these ch"pttra
eleven times. In
eii/ht it is applied
to a,nl; ell. 4,
2(5; 7, 13; i>, 12;
10,20,27; 11,10;
14, 48; and three
times to relate the
fart onli) — )iere,
H, 19, aiid 9, 35.
It is used to de-
note a complete
or final eictif/n,
as in 2Ki.l4, 5;
Pr. 2.3, 11; Eze.
3, 9; and it re-
fers to the sinner
being left to the
consequence of
his continued sin.
ToWTiseud.)

I (On this water
the magicians
might exercise
their juggling
tricks.)

K (The Xile r/>n-
t<i ins an amazing
alnnulancji of
these animal.f.
Whither the frog
among the Egyje-
tians tons an ob-
ject of reverence
or of abhorrence
is uncertain.)

A (Foregoing their
natural habits of
confining them-
selves to the wa-
ters and vioist
soil. Pic. Bib.)

fi Or, dough.

V (In like manner,
but by mere hu-
man artifice and
imposture.)

EX. 8, 9. I
9, 19. i

z (Sn) .Jeroboam
(1 Ki. 13. 6) and
Simon (Ac. 8,
■24.

f (Or, "/Ttrve this
hininur over me,
<(-c." Maurer.
lint De. Wette d:
others translate,
" Fix a time for
me.")

o Or, against
when.

K Ileb., to cut off.

p Or, Against to-
morrow.

u (Ami that con-
sequently he
mii/ht no longer
trust in his ma-
gicians, or in his
faUe gods.
Clarke.)

■ (The leaving
them to rot in the
land was a conti-
nual proof that
sHi-hajilnguehad
taken place.
Clarke.)

< Kc. 8, 11.

V (The word here
translated " har-
den" is ^^^L'! ''-'
denotes to be bur-
densome to the
conscience. It
occurs also at ve.
32; 9, 34; also
10, 1; 7, 14; 9,
7 ; a?>d relates to
that action of the
mind in mhich re-
sistance begins,
hut not vyhere it
etuls.Tov/nsead.)

■!> (The priests are
shaved both as to
their heads and
bodies every third
day, to prevent
any louse or any
other detestable
object being found
upon them. He-
rod, ap. Bryant.)

x(Thef:.ptuaginl
translates D23
kiunim, gnats,
but it is more
likely the <^0ei-
pe5 of the Greeks
and pediculi of
the Jiomans. See
Itocliart, iii., p.
■148.)

i// (A great admis-
sion, or it may
mean, " Moses is
not the author of
this because he
gave no warning

of it:')

EXODUS.

j A.M. 3833.
1 B.C. 1608.

and Aaron, and said, " Intreat- the
Lord, that lie may take away the
frogs from me, and from my people ;
and I will let the people go, that they
may do sacrifice unto the Lord."

^ And jMoses said tinto Pharaoh,
" Glory f over me : when" shall I
intreat for thee, and for thy servants,
and for thy people, to desti-oy'" the
frogs from thee and thy houses, that
thev may remain in the river only?"
10 And he said, " To-morrow."P
And he said, '■'■Be it according to
thy word : that thou mayest know
that there is none like unto the Lord
om- God.*^ 11 And the frogs shall de-
part from thee, and from thy houses,
and from thy servants, and ft-om thy
people ; they shall remain in the
river only."

12 And Moses and Aaron went out
from Pharaoh : and Moses cried unto
the Lord because of the frogs which
He had brought against Pharaoh.

i^And the Lord did according to
the Avord of Moses ; and the frogs
died out of the houses, out of the
villages, and out of the fields. I'^And
they gathered them together upon
heaps : and the land stank.'' i^But
when Pharaoh saw that there was
respite," he hardened" his heart, and
hearkened not unto them ; as the
Lord had said.

i^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Say unto Aaron, ' Stretch out thy
rod, and smite the dust of the land,
that it mav become lice"^ throughout
all the land of Egypt.' "

1^ And they did so ; for Aaron
stretched out his hand with liis rod,
and smote the dust of the earth, and
it became lice^ in man, and in beast ;
all the dust of the land became lice
throughout all the land of Egypt,

i^And the magicians did so Avith
their enchantments to bring forth
lice, but they could not : so there
were lice upon man, and upon beast.
i^Then the magicians said unto Pha-
raoh, "This is the finger'^ of God :"

and Pharaoh's heai*t was hardened,
and he hearkened not unto them ; as
the Lord had said.

20 And the Lord said unto ]\Ioses,
" llise up early in the morning, and
stand before Pharaoh ; lo, he cometh"
forth to the Avater ; and say unto
him. Thus saith the Lord, ' Let My
people go, that they may serve Me.
-1 Else, if thou wilt not let My people
go, behold, I will send swarms" of
flies^ upon thee, and upon thy ser-
vants, and upon thy people, and into
thy houses : and the houses of the
Egyptians shall be full of SAvarms of
flies., and also the ground Avhereon
they are. ^'-^ And I Avill seA'er in that
day the land of Goshen, in Avhich
My pcoi)le dAA^ell, that no SAvarms of
flies shall be there ; to the end thou
mayest know that I am the Lord in
the midst of the earth. ^3 ^^j j y^r{\\
put a division^ between Mj people
and thy people : to-morrow^ shall
this sign be.' "

2^ And the Lord did so ; and there
came a gi'ievous^ swarm of flies^ into
the house of Pharaoh, and into his
serA'ants' houses, and into all the
land of Egypt : the land was cor-
rupted^ by reason of the swarm of
flies.''

25 And Phai-aoh called for Moses
and for Aaron, and said, " Go ye,
sacrifice to your God in the land."

2*^ And Moses said, " It is not meet
so to do ; for Ave shall sacrifice the
abomination' of the Egyptians to the
Lord our ( J od : lo, shall Ave sacrifice
tlie abomination of the I'^gyptians be-
fore their eyes, and Avill they not
stone us ? ^^We Avill go three days'
journey into the Avilderness, and sa-
crifice to the Lord our God, as lie
shall command us."

28 And Pharaoh said, " I will let
you go, that ye may sacrifice to the
Lord your God in the wilderness;
only ye shall not go very far away :
intreat for me."

23 And Moses said, "Behold, I go

(o (Perhaps a. sea-
son of ciistovKiry
oilor'atioii of the
Nile. Bryant.)

a Or, n mi.eture of
noisome beasts,
&c.

^ (The same, ac-
cording to Boch-
arl,as was styled
bg the J'oviiins
miisca canina,
anil bg the Greeks
(curofiuia, " the
'log Jig." So
DatbM.DcAVette,
Roscnmiiller.)

y Ileb., a redemp-
tion.

S Or, by to-^nor-
row.

e (For the pain-
fulness of thiii
stings as well a:
of their bite.)

i (De Wefte and
I!os,inuiilhr,
with the S,/,l„o-
giut, rewkr
" the dog fly, in
great numbers." )

9 Or, destroyed.

b lie sent divers
sorts of flies
which devoured
tliein. I's. 78,
45, and 105, 31.

I (Herodotus says
that the Jigypti-
ans esteemed it
2)rofanntion
sacrifice any kind
of cattle, e.rcept
sir!ne,bnHs, clean
i-iilri s ami f/iese ;

and Ih-I hrifrrs,

roina, mill i/oats
were held sacred
either in one pro-
vince or another.
li., 41, 43, 45.)

A.M. 3833. )
I B.C. 1608. 1

EXODUS.

} EX. 8, 0.
( 9, 19.

c Ye (lissoml>lo(l
ill ymir lu'iirts,
when yv sent nu'
niito the Loitii
ymir (mhI, siiy-
iiiK." I'niyfiirns
unto till' i.ouo."
...Jo. 42, 20.

d Despisost tlmn
the rieliesofllis
goiiilness & t'i>r-
boariinoe & lnii^;-
siifferint; ; not
knowing; tliiit
till' (looilncss of
Cod leadetli thee
to repentance?
Ko. -2, 4.

K (A disease in
rallle. It is 0/
vtiul't'-rminai
eti/miilogy. The
tfrm"morUtlili/"
would be nearest
ill sense to the
oriijinal, as no
pnrliciilar disnr-
d' r is spfcijie/J
hi/ the Hebrew
word. Clarke.)

A (This judgment,
so precisely J'ore-
tolil nud so earl;/
curried into eje-
cution, jniist horr
liiid a great rffict
upon the i-yyj>-
tians.)

H (This exemption
wnuJd render the
Ixraelites viore
rrady to quit a
peoplf/rom whom
they were in so
salutary a man-
ner distinguish-
ed.)

out from tlioo, and I will iiitrcat tlii>
liOKi) that the swarms of flics may
depart from Pharaoh, from his ser-
vants, and from his people, to-nun--
row : but let not Pharaoh deal deceit-
fully'^ any more in not letting the
people go to sacrifice to the Lord."

^And Moses went out from Pha-
raoh, and inf reated the L(^i:n. ^^ And
the LoKi) did according to the word of
Moses ; and lie removed the swarms
of jl/'cs from I'haraoh, from his ser-
vants, and from his people; there
remained not oiu\

"*- And Pharaoh hardened'' his heart
at this time also, neither would he
let the people go.

TV "1 A-M- 3S33. B.C. 1608. Eoypt. Cri i
•'"'*• 'J Pharaoh rijects the seventh, eighth, awl [ '
ninth messages of Gotl to him. The
fifth, sixth, and seventh plagues follow.

rpiIEN the Lord said unto Moses,
_L " Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell
him, Thus saitli the Loud Cod of
the Hebrews, ' Let My people go,
that they may serve Me. '^ For if
thou refuse to let them go, and wilt
hold them still, "^behold, the hand of
the L(»i;i) is upon thy cattle which is
\n the field, upon the hor.scs, upon
the asses, upon the camels, upon the
oxen, and upon the sheep : there
shall be a very grievous murrain.*
■^And the Loud shall sever between
the cattle of Israel and the cattle of
Egypt : and there shall nothing die
of all that is the children's of I.srael.' "
"And the Louu appointed a set time,
saying, " To-moiTfiw the Loud shall
do this thing in the land."

•^And the Loud did that thing on
the morrow,^ and all the cattle of
Egypt died : but of the cattle (;f the
children of Israel died not one.*^

^And Pharaoh sent, and, behold,
there was not one of the cattle of the
Israelites dead. And the heart of
Pharaoh was hardened, and he did
not let the pcfiple go.

^Aud the LoKD said unto Moses

and unto Aaron, " Take to you hand-
fuls of ashes of the furnace," and let
Moses sprinkle^ it toward the heaven
in the sight of Pharaoh. "And it
shall become small dust in all the
land of Egvjjt, and shall be a boil"
breaking f(^)rth with blains" upon man,
and upon beast, throughout all the
land of Egypt."

^*^And they took ashes of the fur-
nace, and stood before Pharaoh ; and
Moses spriidiled it up toward heaven ;
and it became a boil breaking forth
irifh blains upon man, and upon beast.
^' And the magicians covdd not stand
before Moses because of the boils f
for the boil'' was upon the magicians,
and upon all the Egyptians.

^^And the Lord hardened the
heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened
not luito them ; as the Loud had
spoken unto Moses.

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Rise up early in the morning, and
stand before Pharaoh, and say imto
him. Thus saith the Loud (!od of
the Hebrews, ' Let My people go,
that they ma}' serve Me. ^^For I
will at this time send all My plagues
upon thine heai't, and upon thy ser-
vants, and upon thy people ; that
thou mayest know that the7'e is none
like Me in all the earth. ^^For now
I will stretch*^ out My hand, that I
may smite thee and thy people with
])estilence ; and thou shaft be cut off
from the earth. ^''' And in very
deed for this cause have I raisecP
thee up, for to shew in thee My
power ; and that My name may be
declared tlirouglif)ut all the earth.
'"As yet" cxaltest thou thyself against
My peojile, that thou wilt not let
them go? '^Pehold, to morrow about
this time I will cause it to rain* a
very grievous hail, such as hath not
been in Egypt since the foundation
thereof even until now. '"Send there-
fore now, and gather thy cattle, and
all that thou hast in the field ; for
upon every man and beast which shall

»' (The type of the
slaviry which the
Isriiilitj's rxprri-
enotd in Kgi/pt.)
D.'. i, 20. 1 Ki.
8,51. Is. 48, 20.

f (As the priests
sc'tttered th'

ashes of their
victims.)

o ...Tho botch of
Egypt.. ..De. 28.
27, & 7, 15. M"
inflamed swelling
riidiii'j in an ul-
cer.) Le. 1:J, 18.
2(1. 2 Ki. 20, 7.
Job 2, 7.

ir (PimpUs orpus-
tnUs.)

p (The plagues
of the Apoca-
lypse for the most
part refer t)>
those of Egypt.
11. G.)

e ...There fell a
noisome aiul
grievous sore
upon the men
whieli had tlie
mark of the
beast...Ue.l6, 2.

<r (Lit., For tunc
should I have
stretched out My
hand,aiul smitten
thee and thy peo-
ple, that thou
til igh test he cut
off from the
earth.)

T Hob., made th''

sliiiid UniHcd

tliee up...Ro. 0,
17. (That is,
raised yoit <«
your presiul
greatness.)

V (Even at this
lime he might
have su^tmitt'd,
and thus hare
prevent' d h is own
drstnietion.
Clarke.)

^ (A circumstance
of all others most
inrredihle to an
Egyptian.)

EX. 9, 20. 1
10, 26. i

EXODUS.

f A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

X (The Egyptians
iievtr associate
III'', idea of de-
ulrurtive farce
ii'ilh tlnmdi'r and
ti'/lilniny. Pic.
Bib.)

v^ II eb., set not his
heart unto. Ch.
7, 23.

/ The seventh
angel poured out

)iis vial and

there fell upon
men a great hail
out of heaven,
every stone a-
bout the weight
of a talent. ..Re.
16, 17, 21.

'/ The Lord shall
cause His glori-
ous voice to be
heard, and shall
shew the light-
ing down of His
arm, with the
indignation of
His anger, and
with the flame
of a devouring
tire, with scat-
tering, and tem-
pest, and hail-
stones. Is. 30,
30. Ez. 38, 22.

uj ) Of all the ele-
ments, the Egyp-
tians shewett the
greatest reveretice
to fire and to wa-
ter.)

h He gave up
their cattle also
to the hail, and
their flocks to
lint thunderbolts
(or, great hail-
stones.) Ps. 78,
48.

i He smote their
vines also and
their fig trees ;
and brake the
trees of their
coast. Ps. 105,
33.

/.; My people shall
dwell in a peace-
able habitation,
& in sure dwell-
ings, & in quiet
resting places.
Is. 32, 18.

a Heb., voices of
God. Ps.29,3,4.

/ 1 Ki. 8, 22, 38.
Ps. 143, 6. Is.
1,15. lTi.2, 8.

m Ps.24, 1. ICo.

10, 26, 28.

be found in the field, and shall not
be brought home, the hail shall come
down upon them, and they shall
die.' "X

20 He that feared the word of the
Lord among the servants of Pharaoh
made his servants and his cattle flee
into the houses : ^^ and he that re-
garded''' not the word of the Lord
left his servants and his cattle in the
field.

22 And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Stretch forth thine hand toward
heaven, that there may be hail-^ in
all the land of Egypt, upon man,
and upon beast, and upon every herb
of the field, throughout the land of
Egypt."

23 And Moses stretched forth his
rod toward heaven : and the Lord^'
sent thunder and hail, and the fire"
ran along upon the ground ; and the
Lord rained haiV' upon the land of
EgTy'-pt. 24 go there was hail, and fire
mingled with the hail, very grievous,
such as there was none like it in all
the land of Egypt since it became
a nation. 25 And the hail smote
throughout all tlie land of Egypt all
that was in the field, both man and
beast ; and the hail smote every herb'
of the field, and brake every tree of
the field. 26 Only in the land of
Goshen, where the clilldren of Israel
were., was there no hail.''^

2'^And Pharaoh sent, and called
for Moses and Aaron, and said unto
them, " I have sinned this time : the
Lord is righteous, and I and my
people are wicked. 28 Intreat the
Lord (for it is enough) tliat there
be no more mighty thunderings" and
hail ; and I Avill let you go, and ye
shall stay no longer."

2''* And Moses said unto him, "As
soon as I am gone out of the city, I
will spread' abroad my hands unto
the Lord ; and the thunder shall
cease, neither shall there be any
more hail ; that thou mayest know
how that the earth™ is the Lord'.s.

^'^But as for thee and thy servants,

1 know that ye will not yet fear the
Lord God.""

3^ And tlie flax and the barley was
smitten :^ for the barleyV ivas in the
car, and the flax^ was boiled.* '*2l^ut
the wheat and the rie^ were not smit-
ten : for they were not grown'' up.

33 And Moses went out of the city
from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his
hands unto the Lord : and the thun-
ders and hail ceased, and the rain
was not poured upon the earth.

^■^And when Pharaoh saw that the
rain and the hail and the thunders
^^•ere ceased, he sinned yet more, and
hardened his heart, he and his ser-
vants. 35^jj(j t}jg heart of Pharaoh
was hardened, neither would he let
the children of Israel^ go ; as the
Lord had spoken by Moses.'

V- -| A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. Egypt. TrTQ
^A.. J y^g eighth and ninth plagues, consequent |_ ' "^
on Pharaoh's refusal of God's tenth aiul
eleventh messages.

AND the Lord said unto Moses,
" Go in unto Pharaoh : for I
have hardened* his heai-t, and the
heart of his servants, that I might
shew these My signs before him :

2 and that thou mayest tell in the
ears of thy son, and of thy son's
son, what things I have wrought in
Egypt, and My signs which 1 have
done among them ; that ye may know
how that I a7n the Lord."

3 And Moses and Aaron came in
unto Pharaoh, and said unto him,
"Thus saith the Lord God of the
Hebrews, ' How long wilt thou re-
fuse to humble" thyself before Me?
let My people go, that they may serve
Me. ^Else, if thou refuse to let My
people go, behold, to morrow will I
bring the locusts^ into tliy coast :
^ and they shall cover the face*^ of
the earth, that one cannot be able to
see the earth : and they shall eat
the residue of that which is escaped,
Avhich remainetli unto you from the
hail, and shall eat every tree which

n Is. 26, 10.

P (Th is agrees ex-
actly with the
slate of the crops
in Egypt at the
present day, at
the time of the
year indicated —
Eehruan/. Pic.
Rib. See Ru. 1,
22, and 2, 23.)

■y (Insteml of the
juice of the grape,
the Egyptians
made a liquor
called hy Herodo-
tus OlI/OS KplSl-

ros, horley wine,
uruhmhtedly a
kind of leer.
Bryant.)

S (From tehich the
"fine linen" was
manufactured.
Pr. 7, 16. Ez.
27, 7. The li-
num usitatissi-
mum.) Is. 42,

3. Mat. 12, 20.

e (Was in blos-
som. Gesenius.
" To bell" means
" to grow in buds
or fiowers."
Johnson.)

i (Spelt. Gese-
nius, Lee, and
most commenta-
tors.)

f) lleh.,hidden, or,
dark. (]Vheat
ripens in March,
and harvest is
over in April.
Hasselquist, p.
453.)

B (Though nil that
was done wiis fit-
tett to soften his
heart.)

I Heh.jbythe hand
of Moses. Ch.

4, 13.

K (Whatever diffi-
culty there lies in
Ihisassertion, lies
also in the daily
course of God's
providence, in
which this har-
dening process is
going on in the
case of the pros-
perous ■ nngoiUy
man. Alford.)

o 1 Ki. 21, 29. 2
Chr. 7, 14, and
34, 27. J a. 4,
10. 1 Pe. 5, 6.

)^ (naiN arbch,
Niebuhrsays, "is
the name at Bag-
dad for the locust
of passage."
This migratory
locust comes in
vast swarms.
F. B.)

/u. Heb., eye. Ve.
15.

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. )

EXODUS.

( EX. 9, 20.
^ 10, 26.

(/I is hard to
cniii-five how

will' 1 1/ the. viis-
chi'i' extfiuls,
u-h'^n a cloud of
these insects
comes ujwn a
country.

T/inuijh it were
It /III iiiilise be/ore,
it simn is rendered
a desert. They
demur to the very
runt iind bark.
Bryant.)

; (The purpose of
Gill leas locJirry
on these judg-
mmts in a series,
anil liy degrees to
cut off all hiyprs
tf- rvery resource
upon If A ich the
i.'i/yptinns de-
pended. Brj'antJ

9 Heh., who, and
tcho, lie.

pCli.S, 1.

w (That is, " Tj Je-
hovah tu> more
help you than I
will help you, th is
anulition trill
have no help at
all:" as if he had
said, I icill not
let you go with
the children as yr
ask. R<is('iiiiiiil-
ler and Maurer.)

p (See what evil
ye cnnttmplate.
Roscnniiiller.)

They came
1 1- ■ n fore from
Arnhin, having
crossed the Red
sea.)

q He spake, and
till- lix-usts came
...and that ^^ith-
out niinihtT.
I's. lOr., 34.
Joel 2, 2.

p'oweth for you out of ihc field :''
"and tliov shall fill thy liouses, and
the lioust's of all thy servants, and
the houses of all the Egyptians ;
whieh neither thy fathers, nor thy
fathers' fathers have seen, since the
day that they were upon the earth
unto this day."

^ And Pharaoh's servants said unto
him, " How long shall this man be
a snare luito us '? let the men go,
that they may serve the Loud their
(iod: knowest thou not yet that
Egypt is destroyed?"^

^ And Moses and Aaron were
brought again unto Pharaoh : and
he said unto them, " Go, serve the
LoiU) your (iod : but wbo° are they
that shall go?"

'"•And Aloses said, "AVe will go
with our yomig and with our old,
with our sons and with our daughters,
with our flocks and with our herds
will we go ; for we must hold a feast-''
unto the Loho."

**^And he said luito them, " Let
the Lord be so with you, as I will
let you go, and your little ones j'^
look to it; for evil is before you.P
"Not so : go now ye that are men,
and serve the Lord ; for that ye did
desire."

And they were driven out fi-om
Pharaoh's presence.

^^And the Lord said luito Moses,
" Stretch out thine hand over the
land of Egypt for the locusts, that
they may come up upon the land of
Egypt, and eat every herb of the
land, even all that the hail hath
left."

^''And Moses stretched forth his
rod over the laiid of Egyjtt, and the
Lord brought an east wind tipon the
land all that day, and all that night ;
and when it was morning, the east''
wind brought the locusts. *^And
the locusts went up over all the land
of I'gypt, and rested in all the coasts
of Egy])t : very grievous* were they ;
before them there were no such locusts

as they, neither after them shall be
such. *^ For they covered the face of
the whole earth, so that the land was
darkened ; and they did eat every
herb of the land, and all the fruit of
the trees which the hail had left :
and there remained not any green
thing in the trees, or in the lierbs of
the field, through all the land of
Egypt.*-

I'^Then Pharaoh called'- for Moses
and Aaron in haste ; and he said, " I
have sinned' against the Lord your
(iod, and against yovx. ^^Now there-
fore forgive, I pray thee, my sin
only this once, and intreat' the Lord
your God, that He may take away
from me this death only."

'''And he went out from Pharaoh,
and intreated the Lord.

'''And the Lord turned a mighty
strong west wind, A\hich took away
the locusts, and cast" them into the
IJed sea;''' there remained not one
locust in all the coasts of Egypt.
'^''But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's
heart, so that he wouldx not let the
children of Israel go,

2' And the Lord said imto Afoses,
" Stretch out thine hand toward hea-
ven, that there may be darkness over
the land of Egypt, even darkness"''
wliicli may be felt."

'■^'-And Moses stretched forth his
hand toward heaven ; and there was
a thick darkness in all the land of
I'gypt three days : ^^ they saw"" not
one another, neither rose any from
his ])lace for three days : but all the
chililren of Israel had lighf* in their
dwellings.

^^And Pharaoh called unto Moses,
and said, "Go ye, serve the Lord ;
only let your flocks and your herds
be stayed : let your little ones also
go witli you."

^And Moses said, "Thou must
give us also sacrifices and biu-nt offer-
ings, that we may sacrifice unto the
Lord oiu- God. '''^ Our cattle also

t (The Apocalyp-
tic locusts were
commanded that
they should not
hurl the grass of
the earth, Ac.,
hut only those
vien which have
not the seal of
God in tlieir
foreheads. Re. 9,
4.

r Did pat up all
till' hcrb.s ill
their land, and
devoured tlie
fruit of their
p-onnd.
I's. 105, 35.

T Ileb., hastened

to call.

s Ch. 9, 27.

<(.Jerohoam)Kaid,
" Intreat m.wthi'
face of tlie Lcntu
tliy (iod, & liray
fur nie tliat my
han<l may lie re-
stored .i;,'ain."...
1 Ki. 13, 6.

u Heh., fastened.

<t> (They were now
Jilled, and not so
easily buoyed up
in the air ; hencj'
they were all lost
in the gulph,
Rryant, hut their
rt moral was not
the less miracu-
lous, H.G.;

\ (What a series
of softening and
hardening, of sin-
ning and rrpcnt-
ing. Clarke.)

i/( Hcb^ that one
may feel dark-
ness.

u (Under the name
of O.iiris, the
Egyptians wor-
shippeil the sun,
<£• e.itfemed them-
selves as his de-
scendants.)

a (Lightfoot con-
jectures, from a
compa rison ofc\\.
12,48; Jos. '6, J);
and I's. 1(»5, 2K,
that during Ih'se
three days there
was a general
circu mcising of
the people.)

8.3

EX. 10, 27. }
12, 28./

EXODUS.

,3 (What kind and
what number of
sacrifices Gud
should require to
be sacrificed even
Moses h imself
could not as yet
tell. Clarke.)

" By faith ho for-
sook Egypt, not
fearing the
wrath of the

king He. 11,

27.

y (That is, lie
sfudl not dismiss
a port of you
only, retaining
your children ond
aittle, hut shriU
disin iss all ofynii,
and all helonyimj
to you. Ro.scu-
miiller.)

& Lit., "<7s7c."

6 (Articles or
goods, coin, plate,
aiid raiment.)

V Mordecai was
great in the
king's house, &
his fame wont
out tliroughout
all the pro-
vinces Es. 9,

i (In many parts
of the East, hand
mills, worked by
women, are still
in use.)

1) (The sacred
animals includ-
ed.)

0 (Xo notion was
so much addicted
to tears and la-
mt ntat'ujits as the
Eyjiptians, hut
this sorrov} was
to be from the
heart, real, exube-
rant, and univer-
sal.)

sliall go -with lis ; there .shall not an
lioof be left behind ; for thei'eof must
we take to serve the Lord our God ;
and we know not with what we must
serve the Lord, until we come thi-
ther."^

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. EOYPT.
God's twelfth message to Pharaoh. The

ast iJ'J

2' BUT the Lord hardened Pha-
raoh's heart, and he would not let
them go.

2^ And Pharaoh said unto him,
" Get thee from me, take heed to
thyself, see my face no more ; for
in that day thou seest my face thou
shalt die."

^'-'And Moses said, " Thou hast
spoken well, I will see thy face again
^:^j -1 no more.""

-^•J • (^And the Lord said unto
Moses, " Yet will I bring one plague
more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt :
afterwards he will let you go hence :
when he shall let t/ou go, he shall
surely thrust you out hence altoge-
ther.v 2 Speak now in the ears of the
people, and let every man borrow^ of
his neighbour, and every woman of
her neighbour, jewels^ of silver, and
jewels of gold."

^And the Lord gave the people
favour in the sight of the Egyptians.
Moreover the man Moses teas very
gi'cat" in the land of Egypt, in the
sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in
the sight of the pciople. )

*And Moses said, "Thus saith the
Lord, ' About midnight will I go
out into the midst of Egypt: ^and
all the firstborn in tlie laiul of Egypt
shall die, from the firstborn of I^ha-
raoh that sitteth upon his throne,
even unto the firstborn of the maid-
servant that is behind the mill ;^ and
all the firstborn of beasts.'' ^And
tliere shall be a gi-eat cry* througli-
out all the land of Egypt, such as
there was none like it, nor shall be
like it anv more. '^ But against any
of the children of Israel shall not a

dog move his tongue,"" against man
or beast : that ye may know how
that the Lord doth put a diffennicc
between the Egyptians and Israel.
^And all these thy servants shall
come down unto me, and bow down
themselves unto me, saying, Get thee
out,-^ and all the people tliat follow'
thee: and after that 1 will go out.' "
And lie went out from Pharaoh in
a great anger."

^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Pharaoh shall*^ not hearken unto
you ; that My wonders may be mid-
tiplied in the land of Egypt."

^*^And Moses and Aaron did all
these wonders before Pharaoh : and
the Loud hardened Pharaoh's heart,
so that he would not let the children
of Israel go out of his land.

XII.]

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. Egypt.
The institution of the Passover.

[74

AND the Lord spake unto j\Ioses
and Aaron in the land of Egypt,
saying, 2" This month'^ shall be unto
you the beginning of months : it shall
be the first month of the year to you.
^ Speak" ye unto all the congregation
of Israel, saying, ' In the tenth dai/
of this month they shall take to them
every man a lamb,^ according to the
house of their fathers, a lamb for an
house : ^and if the household be too
little for the lamb, let him and his
neighbour next unto his house take
it according to the ninnber of the
souls ; every man according to his
eating shall make your count for tlie
lamb. '^Your lamb shall be without
blemish," a male of tlie first year :^
ye shall take it out from the sheep,
or from the goats : ^ and ye shall
keep it up until the fourteenth day
of the same month :^ and the whole
assembly of the congregation of Israel
shall kill it in the evening.P '^And
they shall take of the blood, and
strike it on the two side posts and
on the upper door post of the houses,
Avherein they shall eat it. '^ And thev

M.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

10 Jos. 10, 21.

X The Egyptians
were urgent up-
on tlic peojilu,
that tlicy might
send tliem out
of tlie land in
haste. ...Ch. 12,
33.

I Heb., t?iat is at
thy fett. (S'oJu.
4, 10, and 8, 5.
1 Ki. 20, 10. 2
Ki. 3, 9.

K Heb., heat of
anger.

\ (Pharnoh will
nut h'lirkcii unto
you ; and hecuuse
he would not, God
hardened his
heart — left him
to his own obsti-
Tuiey. Clarke.)

fjL (Abih, a port of
March <£,- April.
Ch. 13, 4, and 34.
18; De. 16, l'.

Pnviovshj to this
the yiiir heiinn
I'-ith Tisri (part
of Sijiti^rnber and
October), when
the world tons
prepared for the
first Adam.

V (This rite was
instituted before
the judgment took
place, was ob-
served vpon the
spot, ayul is con-
linutd to this
day.)

f Or, kid.

0 (To the latent
meaning and al-
lusion of which
we have reason
to think Moses
himself was a
stranger. Bry-
ant.)'Le. 22, 19.
Mai. 1, 8, 14.
lie. 9, 14.

n Heb., son of a
year. Le. 23, 12.

y Le. 23, 5. Nu.
9, 3, and 28, 16.
De. 16, 1.

p Heb., between
the two eveirinqs.
Ch.16,12. (Tliat
is, between sun-
set and twilight.
Maurer.)

A.M. 3833. 1
: B.C. 1608. i

EXODUS.

J EX. 10, 27.
( 12, 28.

(fl Iran the vr-
liii'in/ ntKlnin of
!/„ ,/,»•,, U> hud
ir Jifsh.)

(Lit^ the in-
uiardn.)

(Ai* sojouritrrs
'y[iiiil jiiUjrims.irho
r .wttillij out
iiji'iit their pns-
sntjt' th rouyh (i
wild' mess, to a
pl.,.e o/ Uis.1
call., I Cnna.m,

fl' re their toil
and travel were
to e„d.)

(11' riced nccord-
inij to Piij-tor/,
L"jh, awl others
friiin a root, " he
pa.-:sed over,^' or
leaped over, ami
Mmjee, Afone-
mriil, vol. I.,
Nul.'.s.)

i Or, princes.

Ch. -Jl, 6. and
2S. I's. «•_>,
i. Jno. Ui,

34, aj. (Thet'-Jt

is pn t'erahte. See

Nil. ;■«, 4.)

II.l... f.,r n 'Ir.

sini-li'". I..'.

•i:\. 4, 5. 2 Ki.
20, -Jl.

rCh.l.I.e, 7; &
2,% 15; & .'Jl, 18,
2o. Nil. -iS, 17.
Dc. 10, 3, a. 1
Co. 5, 7.

..nccaiise he
broiiglit not the
offering; of the
Loiti) ill His 11)1-
poiiiteil season.
that man sliall
bear liis sin.
Nn. 9, 13. Ge.
17, 14.

\i Heb., snul.

The man that
is clean, anil is
not in a joiinioy,
and forheiiretli
to keep the i)ass-
over, even the
same soni shall
be cut oflT from
amon^ his i>ci>-
ple...Nu. 9, 13.

u (Xeressity somr-
tiiiiis traiis/i rrejl
the piissover to
the next month,
but neierfurther.
Nu.9, 11. 2Ch.
30, 2.)

shall oat the flesh in that ni.i^ht, roast*^
with fire, and uiUeaveiied bread ; and
with bitter hvrbs they shall oat it.
•' ICat not of it raw, nor sodden at all
with water, but roast icith fire ; his
head with his lef^s, and with the |)ur-
tenanco'' thereof. ^"^And ye shall let
nothing of it remain until the morn-
ing ; and that which remaineth of it
until the morning ye shall burn with
fire. *^ And thus shall ye eat it ;
with your loins girded, your shoes
on your feet, and your statt" in your
hand ;" and ye shall eat it in haste :
it is the Lord's passovcr. ^'•^For I
will pass through the land of Egypt
this night, and will smite all tlie
firstborn in the land of Egypt, both
man and 1)east ; and against all the
gods"^ of Egy])t I will execute judg-
ment: lam the Lord. ^^And the
blood shall be to you for a token
upon the houses where ye are : and
when I see the blood, I will pass
over you, and the plague shall not
be upon you to destroy^ ;/«?<, Avhen
r smite the land of Egypt. ^^And
this day shall be unto you for a me-
morial ; and ye shall keep it a feast
to the Lord throughout your gene-
rations : ye shall keep it a feast by
an ordinance for ever. ^^ Scvon'" days
shall ye eat unleavened bread ; even
the first day ye shall put away leaven
out of your houses : for whosoever
eateth leavened bread from the first
day until the seventh day, that soid
shall be cut off fi*om Israel.'^ ^*'And
in the first day there, shall be an holy
convocation, and in the seventh dav
there shall be an holy convocation to
you ; no manner of work shall be
done in them, save that which every
man'^ must eat, that only may be
done of you. ^"^And ye shall observe
the feast of unleavened broad ; for in
this selfsame day have I brought
your armies out of the land of I'gypt;
therefore shall ye observe this day in
your generations by an ordinance for
ever." ^^ In the first" month, on the
fourteenth day of the month at even,

ye shall eat unleavened bread, until
the one and twentieth day of the
month at even. '-'KSeven days shall
there be no leaven found in your
houses ; for wlK)soever eateth that
which is leavened, even that sold
shall be cut otl" from the congrega-
tion of Israel, Avhether he b(! a stran-
ger, or born in the land. '^ Y'c shall
eat nothing leavened ; in all your
habitations shall ye eat unleavened
bread.' ""»

^^Thcn IMoses called for all the
elders of Israel, and said unto them,
" Draw out and take you a laml)^
according to your families, and kill
the passover. ^'''And ye shall take
a bunch of hyssop,')' and dip it in the
l)lood that is in the bason, and strike*
the lintel and the two side posts with
the blood that is in the bason ; and
none of you shall go out at the door
of his house until the morning. '^^ Eor
the Lord will pass through to smite
the Egyptians; and when He seeth
the blood upon the lintel, and on the
two side posts, the Lord will ])ass
over the door, and will not sutler the
destroyer to come in unto your houses
to ?.n\\\(f you. '^^And ye shall observe
this thing for an ordinance to thee
and to thy sons for ever. '^^And it
shall come to pass, when ye be come
to the land which the I^ord will give
you, according as He hath promised,
that ye shall keep this service. '''And
it shall come to pass, when your chil-
dren shall say unto you, 'What mean
ye by this service?' '^^tliat ye shall
say, ' It is the sacrifice of the Lord's
passover. Who passed over the houses
of the children of Israel in Egypt,
when He smote the Egyptians, and
delivered* our houses.' "

And the people bowed the head
and worsliip])ed.

"■^And tlie children of Isratd went
away, and did as the Lord had com-
manded Moses and Aaron, so did
thev.

u (Leaven, I. c,
corrupt dough ui
invarinldif uaetl
in Scripture to
ilenote evil,
II. U.)

a (fn n/ter times,
bullocks 8ofi/ten
were broken into
piecemeal, and
partedamtmg the
people, for their
Sustenance in
passover week.
De.16,2. 2Chr.
35, 7—9, 13. It
was this passover
hullock which the
Jems reserved
themselves tu the
eating of. Ma.
14,12. Lii. 22, 7.
Lightfoot.)

/3 Or, kid.

y (The Cappnria
spinosa (Koyle),
called Azuf by
the Arnlts, exists
in nil the required
localities: Egypt,
•Sinai, and Jeru-
salem. Lc. 19, 4.
Nu. 10, 6, 18.
.Jno. 19, 22, &c.
// also grows on
old walls, 1 Ki.
4, .38. D'tergrnt
qualities are ns-
crihed to it, and
it also supplies a
stick. Kitto.)

h Thronprh faith
(.Moses)keptthe
passovernnd the
sprinkling of
hlood, h-st He
that destroyed
the lirstlMim
should touch
them. He. 11.
28.

c Come not near
any man upon
wIkiiii is the
niark...Kz. 9, G.

i (The liondage <{■
a£liction of the
people of Israel
nv'il" rnnsi'lered
„.i'',i,l'l'in.'>"f Ihr
l,„vl .-I'lvri/ and
1/ ri t'hr,lii(.ss con-
sri/ueiil "u a state
of sinfulness.
Clarke.)

EX. 12, 29. 1
13, 21. i

EXODUS.

A.M. 3833.
. B.C. 1608.

r ...Smote all the
firstbf>m ill K-
fifvpt ; tliL' chief
of" their stiTnt,'tli
in the taberna-
cles of Ham.
Ps. 78, 51.

€ Ilch., house of
the. pit.

^ (The scene of
horror & distress
must have been
dreadful.)

1) (Sent the mes-
sage here men-
tioned. Clarke.)

>l Egypt was glad
when they de-
parted ; for the
fear of them fell
upon them.
Ps. 105, 38.

9 (Kneaded only
in haste, wrap-
ping it up in the
leathern bag in
vhich the Arabs
carry their
bread.)

I Or, dough. Ch.
8, .3.

(The;/ were per-
haps small wood-
en dishes, such as
the modern A rahs
knead their cakes
in. Kosemniil-
ler.)

K ("(Jaye.^... .Solo-
mon gave (the
queen of Sheha)
of his royal

bounty 1 Ki.

10, 13.

! He brought
them forth also
with silver and

gold Ps. 105,

37. Ge. 15, 14.
Ch. 3, 22.

X (liohin.irin con-
siikrs that it was
siluiilejl not fur
from Heroopolis,
but VMS not iden-
tical with it.)

IX (This place, can-
not be identified.)

V (It has been con-
jectural that this
would give a total,
exclusive of the
"mixed multi-
tude," of two mil-
lions four hun-
dred thousands.)

f Heb., a great
mixture. Nu.ll,
4.

[75

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. Egtpt.

The infliction of the last plague. The Israelites

are thrust out by the Egyptians.

2^AND it came to pass, that at
midnight the Loud smote"^ all the
firsthorn in the land of Egypt, from
the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on
his throne unto the firstborn of the
captive that ivas in the dungeon ;^
and all the firstborn of cattle.

^^And Pharaoh rose up in the
night, he, and all his servants, and
all the Egyptians ; and there was a
great cry^ in Egypt ; for there was
not a house where there was not one
dead.

^^And he called^ for Moses and
Aaron by night, and said, " Rise up,
and get you forth from among my
people, both ye and the children of
Israel ; and go, serve the Lord, as
ye have said. ^^ Also take your
flocks and your herds, as ye have
said, and be gone ; and bless me
also."

^ And the Egjqitians were urgent^
upon the people, that they might
send them out of the land in haste ;
for they said, "AVe be all dead men.'"

^And the people took their dough
before it was leavened,^ their knead-
ingtroughs' being bound up in their
clothes upon their shoulders.

^^And the children of Israel did
according to the word of Moses : and
they borrowed of the Eg^-ptians
jewels of silver, and jewels of gold,
and raiment: -^^and the Lord gave
the people favour in the sight of the
Egjqitians, so that they lent* unto
them such things as they required.
And they spoiled^ the Egyptians.

^''And the children of Israel jour-
neyed from Kameses^ to Succoth,'^
about six hundred thousand on foot
that were men, beside children."
^^And a mixed^ multitude went up
also with them ; and flocks, and
herds, eve7i veiy much cattle. ^'-'And
they baked unleavened cakes of the
dough which they brought forth out

of Egypt, for it was not leavened ;
because they were thrust out of
Egypt, and could not tan-y, neither
had they prepared for themselves
any victual.

^•^Now the sojourning of the chil-
dren of Israel," who dwelt in Egypt,
icas four/ hundred and thirty years.
^^ And it came to pass at the end* of
the four hundred and thirty'' years,
even the selfsame day it came to pass,
that all the hosts of the Lord went
out from the land of Egypt. *^ It is
a nighf^ to be much observed unto
the Lord for bringing them out from
the land of Egypt : this is that night
of the Lord to be observed of all
the childi-en of Israel in their gene-
rations.

^^And the Lord said unto Moses
and Aaron, "This is the ordinance
of the passover : There shall no stran-
ger eat thei'eof: ^but every man's
servant that is bought for mone}^,
when thou hast circumcised him, then
shall he eat thereof. *^A foreigner
and an hired servant shall not eat
thereof, '**'In one house shall it be
eaten : thou shall not carry forth
ought of the flesh abroad out of the
house ; neither shall ye break a bone
thereof. ^'' All the congregation of
Israel shall keep it.P ^And when a
stranger shall sojourn with thee, and
will keep the passover to the Lord,
let all his males be circumcised, and
then let him come near and keep it ;
and he shall be as one that is born
in the land : for no uncircumcised
person shall eat thereof. ^^One' law
shall be to him that is homeborn,
and unto the stranger that sojomuieth
among you.".^

^•^Thus did all the children of Is-
rael ; as the Lord commanded Moses
and Aaron, so did they. ^^And it
came to pass the selfsame day, that
the Lord did bring the children of
Israel out of the land of Egypt by
their armies.'^

o (The Samaritan
reads, " of the
children of Israel

AND OF TIIEIE
FATHERS ; who
dwelt in THE
LAND OF Ca-
naan AND i»
THE LAND Of E-

ggpt," tf'c, and
the reading is
supported by the
Septuagint. The
words thus sup-
plied are neces-
sary to the truth
of the assertion,
for the IsraeUles
dwelt in Egypt
only two huiulred
andfifleen years.)

f They shall af-
flict them four
hundred years.)

Ge. 15, 13.

Ac. 7, 6.

g In the fourth
generation they
shall come hi-
ther again.
Ge. 15, 16.

h ...The Law was
four hundred
and thirty years
after (the cove-
nant with Abra-
ham). Ga. 3, 17.

TT Heb., a night of
observations.

p Heb., do it.

i One law and one
manner shall be
for you...Nu.l5,
15, and 9, 14.

/ There is neither
.Jew nor Greek,
there is neither
bond nor free...
for ye are all one
in Christ Jesus.
Ga. 3, 28.

(T (Troops, armies,
hosts. From a
Hebrew word sig-
nifying to assem-
ble. Hence Jeho-
vah Sahaoth, the
Lord of Hosts.
Clarke.)

»8

. A.M. 3833. I
I B.C. 1608. i

EXODUS.

EX. 12, 29.
13, 21.

.\s it is written
ill tlio 111 \v(.r lilt-
I. "Ill, Kvrry
mall' that ii]U'n-
'tli tlio WDinli
shall !).• callod
'lic'lvto theLuRD.
Lii'. '2, 23.

/ IK'b., servants.

(IncuJrnting the
nri'x.iity of si)i-
Cfrit't, US opposeii
tu). This people
(liaweth nitrh
unto Mo with
tlii'ir month, anil
hiMionreth Me
with their lips ;
hut their heart
is I'ar from .Me.
Milt. 15, M. Is.
2i), 13.

i (T!ii.f <liivrlin,i,
verses 9 and Id,
ginr ri.'ie to thr
}i/i;/liiit' rii-.i, ami
»A(s /'•.■ one of the
pii.isiit/es which
the .lews write
vp'iii them to the
pii. If nt itni/.
Th' 11 are slips
0/ parchment
Ctiutnininij the
/ollnirinij four
portions of thr
/,«"•,— Kx. 1.3, 2
— 10; 1.%11— It!;
De.t!, 4— !); and
11. 13—21.
Th'se covered
with hathir they
ti'il to the fore-
hiii,l, and to the
hmid or arm.
Clarko.)

f lleb., cause to
pa.ts over (or,
Ixfire.)

All the first-
ling; nniles that
come of" thy herd
and of thy Hook
thou shalt saiir-
titV unto the
LiMtn thy God;
tliou shalt do no
work with the
firstling of thy
bullock, nor
shear the tirst-
liug of thy
sheep. De. lb,
19. Kzc. 44, 30.

-'»-■'- -I- -'■•J The sanclijicalion of the firstborn. \_'

AND tlio LoKD spake unto Most^s,
saviiij?, '■^"Sanctify unto Me
all the firstborn, whatsoever openeth
the womb ainoiip^ the ehildren of Is-
rael, both of man and of beast : it /*•
Miue."^-

^Aiul ^foses said unto the ])eoi)le,
" Iveinember this day, in whieli ye
came out from Kjjypt, out of tlie
house of bondage;" for by strenytli
of hand the Loun brouc^ht you out
from this place : there shall no lea-
vened bread be eaten. ** This day
came ye out in the month Abib.
^And it shall be when the Lord
shall bring thee into the land of the
Canaanites, and the Hittites, and the
Amorites, and the llivites, and the
Jebusites, which He sware unto thy
fathers to give thee, a land flowing
with milk and honey, that thou shalt
keep this .service in this month.
''iSeven days thou shalt eat unlea-
vened' bread, and in the seventh
day s/iafl be a feast to the Loud.
^ Unleavened bread shall be eaten
seven day.s ; and there shall no lea-
vened bread be seen with thee, nei-
ther shall there be leaven seen with
thee in all thy quarters, ^And thou
slialt shew thy son in that day, say-
ing, ' 2'k/s is done because of that
w/ticli the Lord did unto me wlien I
came forth out of Egypt.' ''And it
shall be for a sign''' unto thee upon
thine hand, and for a memorial be-
tween thine eyes, that the Lord's
law may be in thy mouth : for with
a strong hand hath the Lord brought
thee out of Lgypt. *"^Tliou shalt
therefore keep this ordinance in his
season from year to year. ■'^And it
shall be when the Lord shall bring
thee into the land of the Canaanites,
as lie sware unto thee and to thv
fathers, and shall give it thee, ^'-^that
thou shalt set a])art^ unto the Lord
all that openeth the matrix, and every
firstling'" that cometh of a beast which

thou hast ; the niah-s .s/ia/l be the
L(ird'.s. ^''And every firstling of an
ass thou shalt redeem with a himb;'''
and if thou wilt not redeem it, then
thou shalt break his neck : and all
tlie firstborn of man among thy chil-
dren shalt thou redeem. "And it
shall be when thy son asketh thee
in time to come," saying, ' What is
this?' that thou shalt say unto liiiii,
' 15y strength of hand the I^okd
brought us out from Lgypt, from the
house of bondage: ^'^and it came to
l)ass, when J'haraoh would hardly
let us go, that the Lord slew all the
firstborn in the land of Egy])t, bolh
the firstborn of man, and the firstborn
of beast : therefore I sacrifice to the
Lord all that openeth the matrix,
being males ; but all the firstborn of
my children 1 redeem.' ^'^Aiid it
shall be for a token" upon thine hand,
and for frontlets between thine eyes :
for by strength of hand the Lord
brought us forth out of Egypt."

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. Baal-zephos. r'7'7
Gotl conducts the people to the lied sea. |_ ' '

^^AND it came to pass, when Pha-
raoh had let the people go, that (lod
led them not throiKjh the way of the
land of the Philistines, although that
u)as near; for God said,^ " Lest per-
adventure the people repent when
they see war, and they return to
Egypt:" i"but God led the i)eople
about,v through the way of the wil-
derness of the Ped sea : and the chil-
dren of Israel went up harnessed*
out of the land of l-Lgypt.

^^And Mo.ses took the bones of
Joseph with him : for he had straitlv
sworn the children of Israel, saying,
"(Jod will surely visit you; and ye
shall cany up my bones away hence
with you.""

^And they took their journey fi'om
Snccoth, and encam])ed in Etliam,*
in the edge of the wilderness. ^^And
the LoiiD went before them by day
in a pillar of a cloud," to lead them

\li Or, /.../.

ui lleb., lo-mo

a (In jirocess of
time the spirit of
this law Wits tftst
in the Utter, and
when the wonl
was not in tluir
month, nor the
law in tlieir heart,
the;/ had tln-ir
phylarteries on
their /it:iuls and
on thi ir liand.H.
Clarke. See

Mat. 23, 5.)

/S (He knew their
refractory spirit,
and that theprox-
im ity of lli is
country to Eyypt
would lend thi m
on tlie first diffi-
culty to return.
Urvant. Nu. 14,
1-4.)

Y (The regular
route was towards
Gaza.)

5 Or, by five in a
rank. (Firm, ar-
tirr, eager, brave.
(Jesenius. (lirl
ohnut the loins,
pri pared for Ixil-
tle. Rosennitil-
ler.)

n ...Thev buried
(them) 'in She-
chem.inapan-el
of tjround whirli
.lac(d) IxMight...
.Jos. 24, 32. (;e.
50,26. Ac. 7,10.

e (The modem
Adj'nid, about
twelve miles north
west of Suez.)

o He spread n
rionil for n ov
veriu(f...rN. 105,

.Ti» Thou led-

dest tlieni in the
day by n cloudy

pillar Nc. 9,

12. Is. 4, 5.

EX. 13, 22. )

15,9. ;

p In fire by

nislit to sliew
you l)y what way
VI' sliould go...
i)c. 1, 33.

^ (Out of the wny
into a defih,
through ivhich
there wtis no out-
let.) Nu. 33, 7.

r) (Tlie !nst tmni
on the Juji/ptian
froiiti' r. .1e. 44,
1, and 46, 14.
Eze. 29, 10, and
30, 6.)

a (And that the
miracle by ivhich
I purjwscd to oh-
tiiin reverence for
My own yreat
name, may he most
signal and im-
pressive.)

I (Not gone for a
few days merely,

hilt that thi-y

desiijneil never to
return home any
Mure. ,Shuck-
ford.)

EXODUS.

K ( With fifty thou-
sand horse and
two hmulred
thousand foot.
Josephus, Ant.,
il., c. 15.)

A (The Greeks
were unskilled in
cavalry till long
after the times of
the Trojan war.
l)iv. l^cg., book
iv., 1. 9.)

the way ; and by night in a pillar of
fire,'' to give them light ; to go b}'
day and night : ^^ lie took not away
the pillar of the cloud by day, nor
the pillar of fire by night, from be-
fore the people.

^-r^j -1 ^ And the Lord spake un-
"-^-'-^■J to Moses, saying, ^" Speak
unto the children of Israel, that they
tui'n^ and encamp before Pi-hahiroth,
between INligdol'' and the sea, over
against Baal-zephon : before it shall
ye encamp by the sea. ^For Pha-
raoh will say of the children of Israel,
' They are entangled in the land, the
wilderness hath shut them in.' ^And
I will harden Pharaoh's heart, that
he shall follow after them ; and I will
be honoured upon Pharaoh, and upon
all his host ; that the Egyptians may
know that I am the Lokd."^
And they did so.

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. The Red sea. TC'Q
Pharaoh pursues the Israelites. His overthrow. |_ '

^AND it was told the king of
Egypt that the peoph; fled :'■ and the
heart of Pharaoh and of his servants
was turned against the people, and
they said, "Why have we done this,
that we have let Israel go fi-om serv-
ing us?"

*^And he made ready his chariot,
and took his people with him : "^ and
he took six hundred chosen chariots,
and all the chariots of Egypt, and
captains over every one of them."

*^ And the Lord hardened the heart
of Pharaoh king of Egypt, and he
pursued after the children of Israel :
and the childen of Israel went out
with an high hand. -'But the Egyp-
tians pursued after them, all the
horses and chariots of I'haraoh, and
his horsemen,^ and his army, and
overtook them encamping by the
sea, beside Pi-hahirotli, before Baal-
zephon.

^•^And when Pharaoh drew nigh,
the children of Israel lifted up their
eyes, and, behold, the Egyptians

maix'hed after them ; and they were
sore afraid : and the children of Israel
cried*^ out unto the Lord. ^^ And
they said unto Moses, " Because
there were no graves in Egypt, hast
thou taken us away to die in the wil-
derness? wherefore hast thou dealt
thus with us, to cany us forth out
of Egypt? ^^/s not this the word
that we did tell thee in Egypt, say-
ing, ' Let us alone, that we may
serve the Egyptians?' For it had
been better for us to serve the Egyp-
tians, than that we should die in the
wilderness."

^•^And Moses said unto the people,
" Feai''' ye not, stand still, and see
the salvation of the Lord, which He
will shew to you to-day : for the
Egyptians whom ye have seen to-
day," ye shall see them again no
more for ever. ^^The Lord shall
fight for you, and ye shall hold your
peace."'"

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Wherefore criest thou unto Me?
speak unto the children of Israel,
that they go forward : ^^but lift thou
up thy rod, and stretch out thine
hand over the sea, and divide it : and
the children of Israel shall go on
dry ground through the midst of the
sea. ^'^And I, behold, I will harden
the hearts of the Egyptians, and they
shall follow them : and I will get Me
honour^ upon Pharaoh, and upon all
his host, upon his chariots, and upon
his horsemen. ^^And the Egyptians
shall know that I am the Lord,
when I have gotten Me honoiu' upon
Pharaoh, upon his chariots, and upon
his horsemen."

^^And the Angel* of God, which
went before the camp of Israel, re-
moved and went behind them ; and
the pillar of the cloud went from
before their face, and stood behind
them : '^^^ and it came between the
camp of the Egyptians and the camp
of Israel ; and it was a cloud and
darkness to them., but it gave light

i A.M. 3833.
1 B.C. 1608.

li. {As the people
had heen wit-
nesses to the re-
peated interposi-
tion of Jehovah
in their favour,
& knew hy whose
direction their
trailer proceeded,
they shewed a
shameful diffir-
dence, and be-
trayed that rehel-
liiius .•ipirit which,
marked their cha-
racter through-
out. Bryant.)

q 2 Chr. 20, 15,
17. Is. 41, 10,
13, 14.

v Or, for whereas
ye have seen the
Egyptians to-
day, &c.

r In returning &
rest shall ye be
saved : in quiet-
ness and in con-
fidence shall be
your strength...
Is. 30, 15.

^ (Manifest His
jmwer by punish-
ing thiKgy/itians,
and milking use
of Ihi'ir jierfidy
and liiisuness to
cure His jiiople
of their preju-
dices, & to break
off all connections
with Egypt.
Bryant.)

s When we cried
unto the Loed,
He heard our
voice, and sent
an Angel. ..Nu.
20, 16.. .The An-
gel of His pre-
sence....Is. 63, 9.

A.M. 3833.1
I B.C. 1608. i

S'Ct^ Is. 8, 11.
2 Cu. 1, 3.

(Kriri/ eirciim-
stiiiire is eiiume-
rat'il to Jfiiioii-
atnitf the mirii-
ruliius c/uinicltr
, of this event, and
I to /include any
I alt' nipl to ac-
I count for it on
1 natural I/rounds.)

(Hut for the in~
Ur/ii'-iliono/Al-
mi'jhtypovi r,thf
wind which di-
vid<d thf waters
st have conti-
d to blow i«
on/' r to keep them
dirided ; but how
could the Isracl-
tiutke way
th riiuijh the open-
1 <></ passage in the
\/ace of a wind
strong enough to
pniliice such an
[ef'Ctt Pic. Bib.)

(Jiting night,
llh'y might per-
hiiji.i not at all
suspect they were
o^' the shore.
Shufkfoi'd.)

r Or, viade them
to go heavily.

■ (The Egyptians
began now at
diig-break (four
I o'clock, Caliuct)
to see where they
Were, ami endea-
voured to get back
to shore, Sjhuck-
ford.)

)(A north ornorth
west witid would
hni-e had the only
proper direction
to have drivtn
back the tide, if
that had been
what was done in
this matter.
Shuckford. Hut
th e only winds
which blow with
violence in March
and April are the
kamsins, which
Now sometimes
from the east,
sometimes from
the south, and
sometimes from
the west, but never
from the north or
north east. I'ic.
Bib.)

EXODUS.

by niglit to these :^ bo tliat the one
came not, near the other all the night.

21 And Moses sti'etched out his
hand over the sea ; and the Loud
caused the sea to go back by a strong
east wind all that night, and made
the sea dry° land, and the waters
were divided. '^'^ And the children
of Isi'acl wenf^ into the midst of the
sea upon the dry ground: and the
waters icei'e a wall unto them on
their right hand, and on their left.

'^^ And the Egyptians pursued,? and
went in after them to the midst of the
sea, even all Pharaoh's horses, his
chariots, and his horsemen. '^^And
it came to pass, that in the morning
watch the Loud looked unto the host
of the Egyptians through the pillar
of fire and of the cloud, and troubled
the host of the Egyptians, '^^ and
took off their chariot wheels, that
they drave"" them heavily : so that
the Egyptians said, " Lef us flee
from the face of Israel ; for the Lord
fighteth for them against the EgA'p-
tians."

26 And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Stretch out thine hand over the sea,
that the waters may come again upon
the Egyptians, upon their chariots,
and upon their horsemen.""

^ And Moses stretched forth his
hand over the sea, and the sea re-
turned* to his strength when the
morning appeared ; and the Egyp-
tians fled against it ; and the Loud
overthrew the Egyptians in the midst
of the sea. ^s^^^nj t^g waters re-
turned, and covered the chariots, and
the horsemen, and all the host of
Pharaoh that came into the sea after
them ; there remained not so much
as one of them. '^ 13ut the children
of Israel walked upon dry land in
the midst of the sea ; and the waters
were a wall imto them on their right
hand, and on their left.

^•'Thus the Lord saved Israel that
day out of the hand of the Egyptians;
and Israel saw the Egyptians dead
upon the sea shore.x '^^And Israel
saw that gi-eat work''' which the Loud
did upon the Egyptians : and the
people feai'ed the Loud, and believed
the Loud, and His servant Moses.

V'lr "I A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. The Red sea

•^ ' 'J Moses and the Israelites join in a song

of thanksgiving for their deliverance.

i[79

THEN sang Moses and the chil-
dren of Israel this song unto the
Lord, and spake, saying, —

"I will sing unto the Lord, for lie hath triiunphcd gloriously:
The horse and his rider hath He thrown into the sea.
2 The Lord is my strength and song, and He is become my salvation :
He is my God, and I will prepare Him an habitation ;
My father's God, and I will exalt Him."
^The Loud is a man of war:'' the Loud is His name.
* Pharaoh's chariots and his host hath He cast into the sea :
Ilis chosen captains also are drowned in the Ked sea.
^Thc depths have covered them : they sank into the bottom as a stone.
^Thy right hand, 0 Loud, is become glorious"" in power :
Thy right hand, 0 Loud, hath dashed in pieces the enemy,
^And in the greatness of Thine excellency Thou hast overthrown them

that rose up against Thee :
Thou sentest forth Thy wrath, ivhich consumed them as stubble.
^And with the blast of Thy nostrils the waters were gathered together,
The floods stood upright as an heap,
And the depths were congealed in the heart of the sea.'

"^The enemy said, ' I will pursue, I will overtake,

i EX. 13, 22.
1 16, 9.

4> (Th/! natural
operation alone
of any wind
could not have
produced tltis re-
sult The wind

being made to
come at the mo-
ment, and to blow
as long as it was
wanted, and to
cetise at ttie cri-
tical time, when
its cessation in-
volved the Kgyp-
tifin host in th:-
stnu:tiun. I'ic.
Uib.)

^ (And by their
spoils t/te Israel-
ites were proba-
bly furnislietl
with ccmsidercdile
riches, especially
cl'ilhing & arms.
Clarke.)

i/> Ileb., fiand.

H O LoKD, Thou
art niv (tod ; I
will .xalt Thoo,
I will praisf
Thy immc ; fur
Till HI linst done
wdiulerfiil
thiiifrs ; Tliy
counsels of old
are faitlifiilness
and truth. Is.
25,1,

V Tho Lonn

stroiiR& mighty,
the Loituniightv
in battle. I's.24,
8. Ke. 19, 11.

10 That led them
by the ritrhf
hand of Moses
with Ili.s Klori-
ous ann, divid-
ing the water
lieforc tbom, to
make Himself
an everlasting
name. Is. 63, 12.

X Vs. 78, 18.
3,10.

Ha.

EX. 15, 10. 1
16, 21. 1

EXODUS.

f A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

o Or, repossess

fi Or, miglity onta.

I Forasmucli as
there is noiiu
like unto Thee,

0 LoKD : Thou
art great, and
Tliy name i.s
great in niiglit.
Je. 10, 6.

; Led them

througli the deep
as an liorse in
the wilderness,
tliat tliey should
not stumble.
Is. f>3, 13. Je.
•i, 6.

' ...He brought
them to the bor-
der of llis sanc-
tuary, even to
this mountain,
wiiichHis right
hand bad pm-
chased. Ps. 78,
.54.

y (rrobahl'l this
cvuut took place
irliile Hailar
ruled. Ge. 36,
39.)

1 ... Your terror
is fallen npunns,
and all the in-
habitiints of the
land faint be-
cause of you, for
we have heard
how the Loud
dried up the wa-
t(!r of the Red

sea for you

.Jos. 2, 9, 10, and
5, 1.

S (The desert and
Jordan, in ordtr
to be l>roti;iht into
the promised
l.niid.)

e (The whole of
this transaction
shadowed out the
Redemption
iDrouijht hy the
IjTjrd Jesus.
Clarke.)

'■ ....The women
came out.. .sing-
ing and dancing
....with tabrets,
with joy, & with
instruments of
music. 1 Sa. 18,
G, and 10, .5. .Ju.
11, .34, and 21,
21. 2 Sa. 6, 16.

f (Miriam led the
dance ; the vjo-
men imitated her
steps.)

I will divide the spoil ; my lust shall he satisfied upon them ;
I will draw my sword, my hand shall destroy" them.'
^^'Thou didst hlow with Thy wind, the sea covered them : .
They sank as lead in the mighty waters.

" ^1 Who is like unto Thee, 0 Lord, among the gods ?^
Who is like Thee, glorious in holiness, fearful in praises, doing wonders?*
^-'Thou stretchedst out Thy right hand, the earth swallowed them.
^^Thou in Thy mercy hast led forth the people tvkich Thou hast redeemed:^
Thou hast guided them in Thy strength unto Thy holy hahitation."
^^ The people shall hear, and be afraid :
Sorrow shall take hold on the inhabitants of Palestina.
^^Then the dukes of Edoinv shall be amazed ;
The mighty men of Moab, trembling shall take hold upon them ;
All the inhabitants of Canaan shall melt* away.
^^ Fear and dread shall fall upon them ;

By the greatness of Thine arm they shall be as still as a stone ;
Till Thy people pass over, 0 Lokd,
Till the people pass over,^ which Thou hast purchased.
^''Thou shalt bring them in, and plant them in the mountain of Thine in-
heritance.
In the place, 0 Lord, ivhich Thou hast made for Thee to dwell in,
In the sanctuary, 0 Lord, luhich Thy hands have established.*
^^The Lord shall reign for ever and ever."

they were bitter : therefore the name
of it w^as called jNIarah."

2^ And the people murmured a-
gainst Moses, saying, " What shall
we drink?"

^^ And he cried unto the Lord ;
and the Lord shewed him a tree,
which when he had cast into the
waters, the waters were made sweet :
there he made for them a statute and
an ordinance,^ and there he proved
them, ^"and said, " Jf thou wilt dili-
gently hearken to the voice of the
Loiuj thy God, and wilt do that
which is right in His sight, and wilt
give ear to His commandments, and
keep all His statutes, I will put none
of these diseases vipon thee, which I
have brought upon the Egyptians : for
I am the Lord that healeth thee."

2^ And they came to Elim,'* where
ivere twelve" wells of water, and
threescore and ten palm trees : and
they encamped there by the waters.
^T^Tj -1 ^ And they took their jour-
AVl.J jjgy from Elim, and all the
congregation of the childi'en^ of Israel

^^For the horse of Pharaoh went
in with his chariots and with his
horsemen into the sea, and the Lord
brought again the waters of the sea
upon them ; but the children of Is-
rael went on dry land in the midst
of the sea.

^°And Miriam the prophetess, the
sister of Aaron, took a timbrel in
her hand ; and all the women'' went
out after^ her with timbrels and with
dances.

^^And Miriam answered them,
" Sing ye to the Lord, for He hath
triumphed gloriously ; the horse and
his rider hath He thrown into the sea."

A.M.38a3. B.C. 1608 (at the beginning of the rO()
year). Wilderness op Shuk. j^OvJ

Progress ojf the Israelites,
heaven.

Manna sent from

"^ SO Moses brought Israel from
the Ked sea, and they went out into
the Avilderness of Shur ;'' and they
went three days in the wilderness,
and found no water. ^-^And when
they came to Marah,^ they could not
drink of the waters of Marah,^ for

T) (Called the roil-
derness ofEtham.
Nu. 33, 8. At,
or not far helow,
Ai/un Mitsa, the
fountains of Mo-
ses. Kitto.)

0 (The present
Wad;/ Amarah,
thirti/six miles
distant from A-
yiin ilusa. I'ic.
Cib.)

1 (The fountain
Hawnrah is situ-
11 led in a rocky
rail'!/, two or
t/tn r iiiilrs in di-
(iiai:ti:r. The taste
of the water an-
swers to that of
the water of the
present text.
Pic. Bib.)

K That is, Jlitlcr-
uess, Ru. 1, 20.
(Miriitm <t' Mury
are from the same
root.)

A. (A decree where-
after Ooil would
deal v'ifh tit em
accordinij tollnir
wdlkimi, that if
they would dili-
gently hearken to
His words, He
would keep them
free from di-
seases, as He
healed those
brackish waters.
Lightfoot.)

fj. (This station is
usually identified
with the M'ady
Gharemlcl, about
eight or nine
miles south hy
east of Ilawarah.
Pic. Bib.)

V (Of the twelve
v:ells0ne only re-
mains, the water
of which is hard-
ly drink(d>le, and
eight or ten stunt-
ed palm trees are
scattered along
the road. Kitto.)

I ...And encamp-
ed by the R(^(l
sea. NU..S.S, 10.
Tliat is, did nut
pursue their
course to Sinai by
the ujip'-r road.
Pic. Bib.)

A.M. 3833. )
, B.C. 1608. f

EXODUS.

f EX. 15, 10.
t 16, 21.

(The ifrait i>l'iiii
irlii'h, bfyiiiiiiiiy
(II i:i MurkUuh,
tj-t' ikIh with
iliiiit'-r or less
hi'iidlh almost to
t/ii rjctrrmiti/ of
tin i>ritiiisiUtl.
|l'ic. Uib.)

^ til. 15, 24. Vs.
\UHi, 25. 1 Co.
U>, 10.

■ Nil. 11,4,5.

(■(AmlfjavoHlioni
of till' corn <•{
lic'iivi'ii. .M:m
ilid cat niiK''ls'

:io...l...rs. 78, 24,
2.'). 1 mil the
liviiij; bivad
wliicli raiiu"

' (li'Wii fnmi lii'n-
1. J no. G, 51.

rr lli'h., thf pnr-

I Hull iif a dm/ in

fii.-i ,1,11/. I'r. 30,

8. Mut. 6, 11.

(Since Moses,
iii.sleiul of tnkiiiij
till slinitfst course
till iiniiiin, brinys
III. people
tliri'iiijli one hnr-
ri II nilil into nn-
otliir, it is pUiiii
t/mt he w<u not
tin: chief nijent,
hut vas directed
tlirow/hontby the
G,;l of Israel.)

g ...The liriffht-
ncssof llisglory
aiiil tliu express
image of lli.s

persim lie. 1,

3.. .The Kloryot"
the I.,oiiu shall
be revealed, and
all flesh shall
see it together...
Is. 40, 5.

IT (The quails,
irhich are re-
markable for
th'ir migratory
habits, but no-
thiny but thejiat
of the Almiyhty
coiibt hare sent
th'in thither at
an appointed
time. I'ic. Bib.)

T (The manna,
..4.)

V (O'xl saw it ne-
C'ssary to give
them in the fall
of tilt nuinna a
daily proof of
nis divine inter-
position.
Clarice.)

caiiu' unto the wllik'nit'ss of 8iii,°
uliifli /*■ iKjtwt'cn ICHiii and Sinai, on
till- tiftccntli (lay of tlu! second niontli
at'ler their departing out of the huid
of Egypt.

2 And the wliolc congregation of
the children of Israel nuirniured''
against Moses and Aaron in the wil-
derness : ^and tlu; children of Israel
said unto them, "Would to (Jod we
had died hy the hand of the Lokd
in the land of Kgvpt, when we sat
by the tlesh pots, and when we did
eat bread to the full ;'' for ye have
brought us forth into this wilderness,
to kill this whole assembly with
hunger."

^Thcn said the Lord unto Moses,
" Behold, I will rain bread/ fi-oni
heaven for you ; and the people shall
go out and gather a certain rate
every day,'' that I may prove thein,
whether they will walk in My law,
or no. ^And it shall come to pass,
that on the sixth day they shall pre-
pare t/iat which they bring in ; and
it shall be twice as much as they
gatlier daily."

^And Moses and Aaron said unto
all the children of Israel, " At even,
then ye shall know that the Louvp
hath brought you out from the land
of Egypt : '' and in the morning, then
ye shall see the gloryif of the Loiti) ;
for that He heareth your inurmur-
ings against the Loud : and what ai'c
we, that ye murmur against us?"
**And Moses said, " T/iis shall be,
when the Loun shall give you in
the evening flesh<^ to eat, and in the
morning bread'' to the full ; for that
the 1..0K1) heareth your inurmurings
which ye munnur against Ilim : and
what «re we ? your munnurings ore
not against us, but against the Lokd."

^And Moses spake unto Aaron,
" Sav unto all the congregation of
the children of Israel, 'Come near
before the Loud : for He Lath heard
your munnurings.' ""

^"And it came to ])ass, as Aaron
spake unto the whole congregation
of the children of Israel, that they
looked toward the wilderness, and,
behold the glory of the Loud ap-
pi'ared in the cloud. "^

^^ And the Lokd spake unto Moses,
saying, 12 "I have heard the inur-
murings of the children of Israel :
speak unto them, saying, ' At even
ye shall eat flesh, and in the morn-
ing ye shall be filled with bread ;
and ye shall know that I am the
Lord your God.' "

^^And it came to pass, that at
even the quails'* came up, and co-
vered the camp : and in the moniing
the dew lay round about the host.
^''And when the dew that lay was
gone up, behold, upon the face of
the wilderness there Iciij a small round
thing, as small as the hoar li-ost on
the ground. ^^And when the chil-
dren of Israel saw it, they said one
to another, "It is"^ manna ;"' for they
wist not what it teas.

And Moses said unto them, " This
is the bread which the Lord hath
given you to eat. ^'^This is the thing
which the Lord hath commanded,
Gather of it every man according to
his eating, an omerx for every''' man,
aeeording to the number of your per-
s(»ns ;" take ye every man for them
which arc in his tents."

^''And the children of Israel did
so, and gatheri-d, some more, some
less. ''^And when they did mete //
with an omer, he that gathered much
had nothing over, and he that ga-
thered little had no lack ; they ga-
thered every man according to his
eating."

'"•'And Moses said, " Let no man
leave of it till the morning."^'

'''"Notwithstanding they hearkened
not unto Moses; but some of them
left of it until the morning, and it
bred wonns, and stank :^ and .Moses
was wroth with them. '*And they
gathered it every moiiiing, every

<T (."vD, the glory
of the l.iiiiij
shone round a-
iMiiit the slwi»-
herds. Lu. 2, It.
II. U.)

h He rained flesh
...ii)>on them as
diist,<fc feathered
fowls like as the
sand of the sea.
I's. 78, 28. (They
pass atony the
.Syrian ibsirl in-
to Araliia, form-
ing, enperially in
the spring sea-
son, innumerable
jlocks; Iheyalighl
ejh'iustetl with
fatigue, and are
then easily
caught. Kitto's
Cyc.)

Ip Or, irhat
thist (.So Gese-
nius, Ilosenmill-
ler, and otiters.)
Or, it is a por-
tion.

i ...The broad of
Ciod is Ilewhirh
Cometh down
fnim heaven. >Vr
givetli life unto
the world. J no.
6,33.

X (About three
Kiiglish i/unrts.
Kitto's Cyc.)

>l/ Ileb., hy the
poll ; or, head.

Ill Ucb., souls.

a (lierause his ga-
thering was in
proportion to the
numlier of per-
sons for whom tie
had to provide.
Clarke.) 2 Co.
8, 15.

k Give lis day by
day (or, for the
dtiy) our daily
brx'ad. Lu. 11,3.

P (Goii is contin-
U'lU'i rmderimi
,i:.s,if„,li.nre and
.yii, irksome to the
transgressor.
Clarke.)

EX. 16,
18

,22.1
,11.;

EXODUS.

rA.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

y (Moses directed
them to give to
each other ; they
that had vwre
than their iiiea-
sure to make tip
iiihnt tons want-
in// to them that
had le.HS, tfial all
mi'jht have their
J'ltll quantity and
nn more. Shuck-
ford.)

5 (This general
oh.wrvonce of tlie
snhhath serums to
iinphi that it was
irdl'knownhefure
this perioii.)

^ Ch. 20, 8—11,
and 31, 13, 14.
Ne. 13, 15. Is.
58, 13. Je. 17,
21. Jno. 5, 10.

e (ITad it heen a
natural produc-
tion it would have
fiUlen on the sab-
liath, as at other
times.)

f (The law of the
sahhath was en-
acted from the
beginning, Ge. 2,
3, and from t/tat
lime became of
divine obligation
npon all riuin-
kind, and there-
fore the children
of Israel observed
this day before
the lav> was given
on Mount Sinai.)

7) (A kind of spice
common in the
east. The seeds
are globular, a-
bout the size of a
peppercorn, and
of a greyish co-
lour. Kitto's
Cyc. Nu. 11, 7,
S.)

man according to his eating :V and
when the sun waxed hot, it melted.

2'^ And it came to pass, that on the
sixth day they gathered^ twice as
much bread, two omers for one mail :
and all the riders of the congregation
came and told Moses.

^^ And he said unto them, "This
is that which the Lord hath said,
' To-moiTow is the rest of the holy
sabbath unto the Lokd :' bake that
which ye will bake to-day, and seethe
that ye will seethe ; and that which
remaineth over lay up for you to be
kept until the morning."

^■^ And they laid it up till the morn-
ing, as Moses bade : and it did not
stink, neither was there any worm
therein.

25 And Moses said, "Eat that to-
day ; for to-day is a sabbath^ unto the
Lord : to-day ye shall not find it in
the field. ^^ Six days ye shall gather
it ; but on the seventh day, which
is the sabbath, in it there shall be
none."

^'^And it came to pass, that there
went out some of the people on the
seventh day for to gather, and they
found none.*

2^ And the Lord said unto Moses,
" How long refuse ye to keep my
commandments and my laws? '^ See,
for that the Lord hath given you the
sabbath,^ therefore He giveth you on
tlie sixth day the bread of two days ;
abide ye every man in his place, let
no man go out of his place on the
seventh day."

^ So the people rested on the
seventh day.

^^And the house of Israel called
the name thereof Manna : and it was
like coriander'' seed, white ; and the
taste of it was like wafers made with
honey.

^2 And Moses said, " This is the
thing which the Lord commandeth,
' Fill an omer of it to be kept for your
generations ; that they may see the
bread wherewith I have fed you in

the wilderness, when I brought you
forth from the land of Egypt.' "

^ And Moses said unto Aaron,
" Take a pot,^ and put an omer full
of manna therein, and lay it up be-
fore the Lord, to be kept for yom'
generations."

^* As the Lord commanded Moses,
so Aaron laid^ it up before the Tes-
timony,' to be kept.

^5 And the children of Israel did
eat manna forty years, until they
came to a land inhabited ;'" they did
eat manna, until they came unto the
borders of the land of Canaan."

^*^Now an omer is the tenth part
of an ephah.

WTT 1 A.M.3833. B.C. 1608. REPHiDlMro-l
^V V ±1 . J (probably the Wady Feiran). [P ^
Water is miraculously provided,

AND all the congregation of the
children of Israel journeyed from
the wilderness of Sin, after their jour-
neys," according to the commandment
of the Lord, and pitched in llephi-
dim :^ and there was no water for the
people to drink. ^ Wherefore the
people did chide with Moses, and
said, " Give us water that we may
drink."

And Moses said unto them, " Why
chide ye with me? wherefore do ye
tempts the Lord?"

^And the people thirsted there for
water ; and the people munnured
against Moses, and said, " Where-
fore is this that thou hast brought us
up out of Egypt, to kill us and our
children and our cattle with thirst?""

^ And Moses cried unto the Lord,
saying, " What shall I do unto this
people? they be almost ready to stone
me."f

^And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Go on before the people, and take
with thee of the elders of Israel ;
and thy rod, wherewith thou sniotest
the river, take in thine hand, and go.
^ JJehold, I will stand before thee
there upon the rock in Horeb ;° and

I The golden

pot that had
iuauua....lle. 9,
4.

9 (Subsequently,
whi'n the ark was
constructed.)

I (The tables of
the covenant.
See Ex. 25, 16,
21, and 40, 29.
N u. 17, 10. De.
10, 5. 1 Ki. 8,
9.

m Your fathers
did eat manna
in the wilder-
ness, and are
dead. T)iis is
the bread which
Cometh down
from lieaven,
that a man may
eat thereof, and
not die. Jno. 6,
49.

n ...The manna
ceased on the
moiTow after
they had eaten
of the old corn
of the land.
Jos. 5, 12.

K (Making two
short halts at
Dophkah and at
Alush. Nu. 33,
12, 13.

X (The Wady Fei-
ran.)

II. (Provoke His
anger by doubt-
ing His poicer &
goodness.)

V (The conduct of
the Israelites on
this and other oc-
casions shews
that thfir leaving
Egypt was alto-
gether supernor
tural.)

I {Their progress
from the region
of drought to
that of water
was cut off by
the Amahkites,
who occupied the
outskirts of the
watered region at
Wady feiran.
Kitto.)

o (The northern
end of the Sina-
itic range of
mountains. It
rises immediately
from the plain
that formed the
head quarters of
the Israelites.)

k.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. t

(Till' supply of I
ciitr-r WHS ob-
iiiiiid at some
li.-^t'iiii-e from
li'rjiliiiUm, ami
ill siijht of
he conyrryoi-
lioii.)

Tliftt is, tenUi-

That Is, chiding
(>r .itrife (beaiuse.

Imiiiek strove
for it).

i (T/ie valify was
iiicii)iieil bij this
peoplt.)

(OilUd /jjcrous,
'J,.--!!.-!. Ac. 7, 46.
jlle. 4, 8.)

Ilnr son of Ca-
.■li, son of Ih'7,-
ron, son of I'ha-
ri'z, son of Jii-
ilali. 1 Chr. 2,
lit*.

(This isthfjlrst
phire in which
Jii.ihiia is HifH-
liiiii'il. He WII.1
first called
Osh.ii, Nu. 13,
1(). lie WHS ail
II' lit type of
our Saviour.)

Nn.24, 20. Do.
25, l!i. 1 .>*a. 1.'),
3, 7. & :!<i, 1, 17.
2 Sa. S, 12. Kzr.
>J, It.

That is, (//(■
lyiiril my hnuiier,
See Ju! 6, 24.

/ < >r, because the
hiiwl(ofAmalek)
is against the
throne of the
Lord, therefore
lie.

) Ilcl)., the hand
upiii the throne
of the Lord.

: (Perhaps by the
throne of the Lord
is meant lloreb,
\j'rom which flow-
ed the water for
which Amaiek
/ought. In any
ease the rmder-
iiig in the text is
iiiiiilmissiblf, for
Shuckford sai/s,
"Li all the Old
TeMament, though
the expression of
GoiVs having
sworn occurs id-
tnost thirty times,
yet it M not once
expressed in
words like what
we here meet
loith.")

EXODUS.

J EX. 16, 22.
X 18, 11.

thoii slialt sinito the rock, and there
shall come water out of it, that the
people may ilriuk."

And Moses did so in the sight of
the elders'' of Israel. ^ And he called
the name of the place Massah,P and
Meribah,'^ because of the chiding of
the children of Israel, and because
they tempted the Lohd, saying, " Is
the Loud among us, or not'?"

^Then came Amah^k,'' and fought
with Israel in Kephidim.

^ And Moses said unto Joshua,"
" Choose us out men, and go out,
fight with Amaiek : to-mon'ow I will
stand on the top of the hill with the
rod of Ciod in mine hand."

^•^So Joshua did as Moses had said
to him, and fought with Amaiek :
and Moses, Aaron, and Ilur" went
up to the top of the hill, ^'And it
came to pass, when Moses held up
his hand, that Israel prevailed : and
when he let down his hand, Amaiek
prevailed. ^'^But Closes' hands iceri'
heavy ; and they took a stone, and
put if under him, and he sat thereon ;
and Aaron and llur stayed up his
hands, the one on the one side, and
the other on the other side ; and his
hands were steady until the going
down of the sun.

^^And Joshua*^ discomfited Amaiek"
and his people with the edge of the
sword.

^*And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Write ih\?. for a memorial in a book,
and rehearse it in the cars of Joshua :
for I will utterly put out the remem-
brance of Amaiek" from under hea-
ven."

^^And Moses built an altar, and
called the name of it Jehovah-nissi :X
^^ for he said, " liecause*'' the Loiu)'"
hath sworn" that the Lord will have
war with Amaiek fiom generation to
generation."

WTTT "1 A.M. ."KW. ii.r. 1608. fQO

^Wlil.J l:i.:illll>l.M. [pe^

Tlie visit of Jethro to Moses.

WHEN Jcthro, the priest of
Midian, Moses' father in law,
heard of all that (Jod had done for
Moses, and for Israel his people, and
that the Loud had brought Israel
out of Egypt; '■^ then Jethro, Moses'
father in law, took Zipporah, Moses'
wife, after he had sent her back,^
■''and her two sons ; of which the
name of the one was Gershom ;V for
he said, " 1 have been an alien in a
strange land :" ^and the name of the
other iras Eliezer f " for the God of
my father," said he, "was mine help,
and delivered me from the sword of
Pharaoh."

^ And Jcthro, Moses' father in law,
came with his sons and his wife unto
Moses into the wilderness, where he
encamped at the mount of God : ^and
he said* unto Moses, " I thy father
in law Jethro am come unto thee,
and thy wife, and her two sons with
her."

^ And Moses went/' out to meet his
father in law, and did obeisance, and
kissed'/ him ; and they asked each
other of their welftire ;^ and tliey
came into the tent. ^And Moses
told his father in law all that the
Loun had done unto I'haraoh and to
the Egyptians for Israel's sake, and
all the travail'' that had come* upon
them by the way, and how the Loud
delivered'" them.

^And .Tethro rejoiced for all the
goodness which the Lord had done
to Israel, whom he had delivered out
of the hand of the Egyptians. ^'*And
.lethro said, " Blessed be the Loud,
who hath delivered you out of the
hand of the Egyptians, and out of
the hand of IMiaraoh, wiio hath deli-
vered the people from under the liand
of the Egyptians. ^^ Now I know
that the Lord is greater than all
gods : for in the thing wherein they
dealt proudly He teas above them."'

p {Tlis confidence
in (loil having
become stronger^
and feeling that
their presence
might interfere
with the due dis-
charge of his
great duty.)

y That is, a stran-
ger here. I am
a Ktran(;cr ami
sojonrner, as all
my fathers weru.
I's. 39, 12.

5 That is, my God
is an Itelp.

e (liy
ger.)

p Co. 14, 17; IS.
2; 19,1. 1 Ki.
2, 19.

7 Gc. 29, 13, and
33,4.

f Wi'h., peace. Gc.
4.J, 27. 2Sa.ll,
7.

J) (labour, derived
from the French.)

e Hob., r-'und
tliim. Go. 44, 3-1.
Nu. 20, 14.

r Paved thorn
from the hand
of liim that hat-
ed them and re-
deeinod them
from the hand
of tlie enemy.
I's. lUtJ, 10.

I (Jethro was now
convinced that
Jehovah teas the
One True God.)

EX. 18, 12. ?
20,4. i

K (The I^w being
not yet r/iveii, nor
Anion constcrut-
ed, these patriar-
chal usages were
still in force.)

-•■ ...Ye shall pat
before the Lord
your God, and
ye shall rejoice
in all tliat ye
pnt yonr liand
viuto...De. 12, 7.
1 Chr. 29. 22
1 Co. 10, 18 ; 21
31.

EXODUS.

A ne\}.,amanand

his fellow.

fi (That is, f/nve
judgment, if any
iiuin hail a am-
troversy, as 2 Sa.
15, 2, the cause of
a manservant or
a maidservant.
Job 31, 13, &c.
The Law being
not yet given.)

V Heb., fading,
thou wilt fade
(i.e., had fallen
into a jvay that
would be full of
fatigue to himself
and vJOuUl 7iot
give a due des-
patch to public
business. Shuck-

■ ford.) •

t Mcses hroup;ht
(the canse of the
dauRlitersof Zc-
lojijiehadjbefore
the liord. Nu.
27, 5.

/ And the cause
which (they)
km^w not (they)
searched out.
Job 29, 16.

^^Ancl Jetliro, Moses' father in law,
took* a burnt oft'ering and sacrifices
for God : and Aaron came, and all
the elders of Israel, to eat bread with
Moses' father in law before' God.

^^And it came to pass on the mor-
row, that Moses sat to judge the
people : and the people stood by
Moses fi'om the morning unto the
evening,

^■^And when Moses' father in law
saw all that he did to the people, he
said, " What is this thing that thou
doest to the people'? why sittest thou
thyself alone, and all the people stand
by thee from morning unto even?"

^^And Moses said unto his father
in law, "Because the people come
unto me to enquire of God : ^^when
they have a matter, they come unto
me ; and I judge between one^ and
another, and I do make them know
the statutes'* of God, and Ills laws,"

^^And Moses' father in law said
unto him, "The thing that thou doest
is not good. ^^Thou wilt surely wear"
a^vay, both thou, and this people
that is with thee : for this thing is
too heavy for thee ; thou art not able
to perform it thyself alone. ^^ Hear-
ken now unto my voice, I will give
thee counsel, and God shall be with
thee : Be thou for the people to God-
ward, that thou maj-est bring' the
causes unto God : '^^^and thou shalt
teach them ordinances and laws, and
shalt shew them the way wherein
they must walk, and the work that
they must do. ^^ Moreover thou shalt
provide out of all the people able
men, such as fear God, men of truth,
hating covetousness ; and place such
over them, to be rulers of thousands,
and rulers of hundreds, rulers of fif-
ties, and rulers of tens : ^^ and let
them judge the people at all seasons :"
and it shall be, that every great mat-
ter they shall bring unto tlice, but
every small matter they sliall judge :
so shall it be easier for thyself, and
they shall bear the burden with thee.

^'^If thou shalt do this thing, and
God command thee so, then thou
shalt be able to endure, and all this
people shall also go to their place*^ in
peace."

^^ So Moses hearkened to the voice
of his father in law, and did all that
he had said.

^^And Moses chose able men out
of all Israel, and made them heads
over the people, rulers of thousands,
rulers of hundreds, rulers of fifties,
and rulers of tens.^ ^^ And they
judged the people at all seasons : the
hard causes they brought unto Moses,
but every small matter they judged
themselves.

^^And Moses let his father in law
depart ; and he° went his way into
his own land.

YTY 1 A.M. 3&33. B.C. 1608. roq

-'*■-*- ■'^•J WiLDEEXESS OP SiNAI (a Wild |_ C 'J

mountainous region in Arabia

Petrsea).

The descent of Jehovah.

IN the third"' month, when the
children of Israel were gone forth
out of the land of Egypt, the same
day cameP they into the wilderness
of Sinai."' ^For they were departed
from Kephidiin, and were come to
the desert of Sinai, and had pitched
in the wilderness ; and there Israel
camped before the mount.''

^And Moses went up unto God,"
and the Lord called unto him out of
the mountain, saying, " Thus shalt
thou say to the house of Jacob, and
tell the children of Israel; ''ye have
seen what 1 did unto the Egyptians,"
and how I bare you on eagles'"' wings,
and brought you unto Myself. ^Now
therefore, if ye will obey My voice
indeed, and keep My covenant, then
ye shall be a peculiar treasure unto
Me above all people : for all the
earth is Mine: ''and ye shall be unto
Me a kingdom of priests, and an holy
nation,^ These are the words which

V A.M. 3833.
i B.C. 1608.

o- (That is, rrturti
hiiiw, haviiH/ had
their bu.sliass
settled.)

f (The text evi-
de/itly suggests
that Moses in.sti-
tiitedthiSi-nffiiv.rs
(It Jirst nut hg di-
viiieiipi>iiiiitiii.ent,
but by Jethrds
direction. He iif-
terwards, with
the concurrence
of the people re-
institutetl them.
Be. 1, 9, 10.)

o (Jethro, lietiel,
orBiiyiiilreturn-
ed, but Ihihiib hii
San seims to have
remained, or he
cameaflrrjetlu-u
had got hack

■IT (Sivan, middle
of May.)

p Ch. 17, 1, 8.

(They stayed
here eleven
months and five
days).

<T (In a plain now
called er-liakah,
about two miks
long and varying
in breadth from
one-third to two-
thirds of a mile.)

T (Jebel Siifsafeh,
the northern end
of a ridge of lof-
ty graniticrocks)

V The Angel

which spake un-
to him in the

Mount Sina

Ac. 7, 38.

y The great temp-
tations which
thine eyes have
seen, the signs,
and those great
miracles. De.
29,3.

w De. 32, 11. Is.
63, 9. Re. 12, 14.

X Ye (Christians)
are a chosen ge-
neration, a royal
priesthood, an
holy nation, a
peculiar people.
...1 I'e. 2, 9.

A.M. 3833. )
B.C. 1608. )"

EXODUS.

f EX. 18, 12.
1 20,4.

y Ho iiiailc (Inrk-
s Ills sccn't
pliu'i', His piivi-
ji>>n round Hlumt
Him wiTc iliirk
n-fttiTsaiiil tliick
Ii.iid.s uf the
skii'S. I's. IS,

11, and 97, 2.

!t (CimsecrnU, se-
piirntr, set apart
to serve Me.)

(This may stig-
II St thf ni:cissity
>/ iiuluiiii/ the
siml with virtu-
hnhits he/ore
itp'isses intnetcr-
iiit'/, where ha-
bits are not af-
t^rtd but iinprov-
eil, the passions
hecomiriy ten
thiiusnntl times
more furious, and
every virtue im-

isnrahly
heit/hten-d d; in-
crtiis'd.)

If S(i much ns a
benst touch tlie
iiK'uutiiiii, it
.shall bi>stuni'd or
thrust thi(Ui'.,'h
with a dart. He.

12, 20.

f (13 bo, him, the
mnii who should
presume to Viueh
the mountain, he
shoithl be consi-
dered as accursed,
not to be touched
for fear of con-
veying drjilement.
Clarke.)

» Or, cornet.

..That ye may
give yiiur.selves
to fastiuK and
prayer. 2 Co. 7,
5.

...The moun-
tain bunied witli
fire unto the
midat of heaven,
with darkness,
clouds, & thick
darkness. De.
4,11.

thou slialt .speak unto tlic children of
Israel."

^And Mosos came and callod for
the elders of the people, and laid
Itefore then* faces all these words
whicli the I.oun eonunanded hlni.

^And all tlu! people answered to-
.yether, and said, "All that the LoiHi
iiath spoken we will do."

And Moses returned the words of
the people unto the LoitD,

^And the Loiin said unto Moses,
" Lo, I come unto thee in a thick
cloud,^ that the people may hear
when I speak with thee, and believe
thee for ever."

And Moses told the words of the
people unto the Loud.

^•^And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Go unto the people, and sanctify'^
them to-day and to-moirow, and let
them washx their clothes, ^^and he
ready against the third day : for the
third day the Lohd will come down
in the sight of all the people upon
mount Sinai. ^-^And thou shalt set
bounds unto the people round about,
saying, ' Take heed to yourselves,
i/iat ye go not up into the mount, or
touch the border of it : whosoever
toucheth the mount shall be surely
put to death :* *•' there shall not an
hand touch it,''' but he shall surely
be stoned, or shot through ; whether
it be beast or man, it shall not live :'
when the trumpet" soundcth long,
they shall come up to the mount,"

^■*And !Moscs went down from the
mount unto the pcoi)le, and sanctified
the people ; and they washed their
clothes. ^^And he said unto the
l)eople, " Be ready against the third
day : come not at your wives.""

"'And it came to pass on the third
day in fiie morning, that there were
thunders and lightnings, and a thick
cloud upon the mount, and the voice
of the lnim])et exceeding loud; so
that all the people that was in the
camp trembled.''

^^ And Moses brought forth the
j)eople (»ut of tiie camp to meet with
(Jod; and they stood at the nether
part of the mount.<^ ^'^And mount
Sinai was altogether on a smoke,
because the Loiu) descended upon it
in fire : and the smoke thereof as-
cendt^l as the smoke of a furnace,
and the whole mount quaked gi-eatly."

^^ And when the voice of the trmn-
pct sounded long, and waxed louder
and louder, Moses spake, and (Jod
answered him by a voice.

'-^•^And the LoitD came down upon
mount Sinai, on the top of the mount :
and the Louo called Moses up to the
top of the mount ; and Moses Avent
up. ^^And the Lord said unto Mo-
ses, " Go down, charge^ the people,T
lest they break through unto the
Lord to gaze, and many of them
perish. ''^'^And let the priests also,
which come near to the Loud, sanc-
tify themselves, lest the Lord break
forth upon them."

^^And Moses said unto the Loi;d,
"The people cannot come up to mount
Sinai : for Thou chargedst us, saying,
' Set bounds* about the mount, and
sanctify it.' "

^^ And the Lord said unto him,
" Away, get thee down, and thou
shalt come up, thou, and Aaron with
thee : but let not the priests and the
people break through to come uj)
tinto the Lord, lest He break fortii
upon them."

'^''So Moses went down unto the
people, and spake unto them.

V'V 1a.m..'}833. B.C. 1008. Mot7STSi.VAi.rOyl
,A.-^\.. J fhe delivery of the Decalogue. [^O'*

AND God spake'' all these words,
saying, '-^"1 am the Lord thy
(iod, which have brought thee out
of the land of Egypt, out of the house
of bondage.*

■''Thou shalt have no other gods"
before Me.

'Thou shalt not make unto thee
any graven-' image, or any likeness

f ... Vecanieni'ar
anil Htooil under
the uiiiutitaiM...
De. 4, 10.

a (The whole was
ailculnted to pro-
duce a pro})' r re-
verence awl fear,
and make the peo-
ple more ready to
receive the Law,
aiul to obey it
when delivered.
Uryant.)

P Heb., contest.

y (Xext tn the hill
pitdied l/ie elders
or the seventy
heads of the chief
families, called
the " house of
Jacob," ve. 3 ;
tiejcl bihind tlu-m
the vuiin bixly of
the people, t/i-se
are called "the
chilrlren of Is-
rael;" ou tsitie lay
the mixed multi-
tude. Lightfoot.)

S (Perhaps two
thousandcubits —
half a mile.
.Joi. 3, 4.)

d Out of tlio

midst of the fire,
of the cloud, anil
of the thick
darkness, with n
(treat voice : and
He adiled no
nion'...I)e..'), 22.

e Heb., servants.

e 2 Ki. 17, 3.5.
.Fc. 26, G, and 35,
15.

/ Do. 27. 16. Ps.
110, 4, K. Is. 44,
9. .U'. 10, 3. Ac.
17,29.

EX. 20, 5. I

21, 34. ;

EXODUS.

'/ Ch. 34, 14. Jos.
24, 19. Na. 1, 2.

h Job 5, 4. Is. 14,
20,21. Je.32, 18.

i Cb. 34, 7. De.
7, 9. P.S. 89, 34.
Ro. 11, 28.

Ic Cb. 23, 1. Le.
19, 12. De.5, 11.
I's. l.'j, 4. Mi. 6,
11. Mat. 5, 33.

I Ch. 31, 13, 14.
IJe. 5, 12, Eze.
20, 12. Ne. 13,
16.

f (The weeMy resit
of the Snbhath is
appointed to al-
low a pause, in
this life's transi-
ent and merebj
ancillary inter-
ests, for a con-
templatinn of its
yeneral dfsigii &
end. Adderley.)

m Cb.23, 26. De.
.5, 16. Mat. 15, 4.
Lu.18,20. Eph.
6,2.

7) (Better, tho^
shah do no rnur-
d'r. De. 5, 17.
Mat. 5, 21. Ko.
13, 9. 1 Jno. 3,
15.)

u Lo. 20, 10. De.
5, 18. Pr. 6, 32.
Mat. 5, 28.

'/ Lc.19, 11. De.
.5, 19. Mat. 19,
18. Ko. 13, 9.
1 Th. 4, 6.

I> Cb. 23, 1. Dc.
19, 16. Mat. 19,

18.

'/ Dc. 5, 21. Mi.
2, 2. Ha. 2, 9.
Lu. 12, 15. Ac.
20, a'5. Ro. 7, 7,
and 13, 9. Eph.
5,3,5. He. 13,5.

r Job .31, 9. Pr.
G, 29. Je. 5, 8.
Mat. 5, 28.

of any thing that is in heaven above,
or that is in the eartli beneath, or
that is in the water under the earth :
^thou shalt not bow clown thyself to
them, nor serve them : for I the
Lord thy God am a jealous^ God,
visiting'* the iniquity of the fathers
upon the children unto the third and
fom-th generation of them that hate
Me ; ^and shewing mercy^ unto thou-
sands of them that love Me, and keep
My commandments.

'' Thou shalt not take^' the name
of the Lord thy God in vain ; for
the Lord will not hokl him guiltless
that taketh His name in vain.

^Remember the sabbath^ day, to
keep it holy. ^ Six days shalt thou
labour, and do all thy work : ^*^but
the seventh day is the sabbatli of the
Lord thy God : in it thou shalt not
do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor
thy daughter, thy manservant, nor
thy maidseiwant, nor thy cattle, nor
thy stranger that is within thy gates :
^^ for in six days the Lord made hea-
ven and earth, the sea, and all that
in them zs, and rested^ the seventh
day : wherefore the Lord blessed the
sabbath day, and hallowed it.

^^ Ilonoiu-'" thy father and thy mo-
ther : that thy days may be long upon
the land which the Lord thy God
giveth thee.

13 Thou shalt not kill.'?

i^Thou shalt not commit adul-
tery."

i^ Thou shalt not steal."

^^ Thou shalt not bear falseP wit-
ness against thy neighbour.

^''^Thou shalt not covet? thy neigh-
bour's house, thou shalt not covet
thy neighbour's wife,'' nor his man-
servant, nor his maidservant, nor his
ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that
is thy neighbom-'s."

1^ And all the people saw the thun-
derings, and the lightnings, and the
noise of the trumpet, and the moun-
tain smoking : and when the people
saw «Y, they removed, and stood afar

off. ^^And they said unto Moses,
" Speak thou with us, and we will
hear: but let not God speak with
us, lest we die,"*

2*^ And Moses said unto the people,
"Fear not : for God is come to prove
you, and that His fear may be before
your faces, that ye sin not."

^^And the people stood afar off,
and Moses drew near unto the thick
dai'kness'* where God was.

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. Mount Sinai. TC c
Laws political, respecting worship, slavery, and [_'-' ^

22 AND the Lord said unto Moses,
"Thus thou shalt say unto the chil-
dren of Israel, ' Ye have seen that I
have talked" with you from heaven,
23 Ye shall not make with Me gods^
of silver, neither shall ye make unto
you gods of gold. 24 ^j^ altar of
earth^ thou shalt make unto Me, and
shalt sacrifice thereon thy burnt offer-
ings, and thy peace offerings, thy
sheep, and thine oxen : in all places
where I record My name I will come
unto thee, and I will bless'*' thee.
2^ And if thou wilt make Me an altar
of stone,^ thou shalt not build it of
hewn'- stone : for if thou lift vip thy
tool upon it, thou hast polluted it.
2^ Neither shalt thou go up by steps
unto Mine altar, that thy nakedness
be not discovered thereon.'
-rr-^;rj -1 ^Now these are the judg-
^^-^^■-'^•J mcnts which thou shalt set
before them. — 2jf thou buy an He-
brew servant," six years he shall
serve : and in the seventh he shall
go out free for nothing, ^ if \iq came
in by himself,'^ he shall go out by
himself: if he Avere married, then
his wife shall go out with him, ^If
his master have given him a wife,'*
and she have born him sons or daugh-
ters ; the wife and her children shall
be her master's, and he shall go out
by himself. ^And if the servant
shall plainly'' say, ' I love my mas-
ter, my wife, and my children ; I
will not go out free :' ''then his mas-

r A.M. 3833.
[ B.C. 1608.

s Go thon near
and hear all tliat
the Lord our
God sliall say,
and speak tliou
unto us all tliat
the Lord our
God shall speak
unto thee, and
we will hear it,
and do it. De.
5, 27, and 18, 16.
Ga. 3, 19,20. He.
12, 19.

t Clouds & dark-
ness are round
about Ilim...Ps.
97, 2, and 18, 11.
Ch. 19, 16. De.
5, 5. 1 Ki. 8, 12.

?< De. 4, 36. Ne.
9,13.

V 1 Sa. 5, 4, 5. 2
Ki. 17, .33. Eze.
20, 39, and 43, 8.
Da. 5, 4, 23. Zep.
1,5. 2 Co. 6, 14

9 (A return to pa-
triarchal simpli-
city. So Naa-
man. See 2 Ki
5, 17.)

V) Where two or
three are gather-
ed together in
My name, there
am I in the midst
of them. Mat.
18, 20.

X De. 27, 5. Jos
8,31.

I Ilcb., huiU them
with hevjing (a
restriction ope-
rating to the ex-
clusion of sculp-
tured figures.)

K (A Ilehrew
might lose his li-
berty, 1, hy po-
verty, Le. 25, 39 ;
2, a father might
sell, V. 7; 3, by
debts, 2 Ki. 4, 1 ;
4, fur theft; 5,
tnh'.n prisoner,
sold by Oentiles
lo Jews, De. 15,
12. Je. 34, 14.
Calmet. Huts no
man coiiht finally
injure himself by
any foolish act.
Clarke.)

A. Ileb., with his
body.

IX (A Canaanitish
wife served for
ever.)

V Ilel)., saying

shiM say.

EXODUS.

f (A sifftiijiraiit
ceremony ami an
ancient custom in
the east. l*s. 40,

6.)

p (This thf. Jews
allowrd no man
to do but in ex-
trime distress —
ir onlji while sfie
u-iis unmarriaye-
able. Clarke.)

r llth., be evil in
the eyes of, dx.

b (Tn every re-
spect as if she
wre his daugh-
ter.)

T (■'^i/ill maie no
ahnti'metit In the
privU'ijis of the

first iri/t. •

Clarke. J

/ Ge. 9, fi. Lo.
•24, 17. Nu. 3.5.
ax Slat. 2G, 52.

■ (Killed acci-
dfntally.) Xu.35,
11. Do. 19, 3.
Jos. 20, 2.

/{Premeditatedly.)

j> C'i ensf thatnr-
ffiinl peculiar de-
pnnity.)

: (\c. 37, 28. De.
24, 7. The law

is matio....for

niriisU'aliTS...
1 Ti. 1, 10.

^ (.'Have cap-
to iiiSf negro
dealers, and slave
ouii'rs declared
equally culpable .)

'i Or,revileth.'Lv.
20, 9. I'r. 20, 20.
Mat. 15, 4. Ma.
7,10.

it Ot, his neigh-
bour.

iHeb.,
ing.

his ceas-

tcr sliall briiic: liim unto the jiulfres ;
he shall also biiiif;^ him to the door,
or unto the door post ; and his master
shall bore^ his car through with an
aul ; and he shall serve him for
ever.

^ And if a man sell" his daughter
to be a maidservant, she shall not go
out as the menservants do. ^If she
please'^ not her master, Avho hath
betrothed her to himself, then shall
he let her be redeemed : to sell her
unto a strange nation he shall have
no power, seeing he hath dealt de-
ceitfully with her. ^And if he have
l)etrothed her unto his son, he shall
deal with her after the manner of
daughters.? ^^li he take him another
wife ; her food, her raiment, and her
duty of marriage, shall he not dimi-
nish.*' ^^And if he do not these
three unto her, then shall she go out
free without money.

^'^ He that smiteth a man, so that
he die,^ shall be surely put to death.
^■^And if a man lie not in wait, but
God deliver hhn into his hand \'' then
I will appoint thee a place whither
he shall flee. ^* But if a man come
presumptuously" upon his neighbour,
to slay him with guile ; thou shalt
take him from ^line altar, that he
may die.

^^And he that smiteth"^ his father,
or his mother, shall be surely put to
death.

'^^ And he that stealeth^ a man,
and selleth him, or if he be found in
his hand, he shall surelyx be put to
death.

^^ And he that curseth"^ his father,
or his mother, shall surely be put to
death.

^^And if men strive together, and
one smite another" with a stone, or
with his fist, and he die not, but
keepeth his bed: ^^if he rise again,
and walk abroad upon his staff, then
shall he that smote him be quit : onlv
he shall payy**;- the loss" of his time,
and shall cause him to be thoroughly
healed.

'^" And if a man smite his servant,
or his maid, with a rod, and he die
under his hand ; he shall lie surely
punished." ''''Notwithstanding, if he
continue a day or two, he shall not
be punished :^ for he is his money.*

^^ If men strive, and hurt a wo-
man with child, so that her fruit de-
part from her., and yet no mischief
follow : he shall be surely punished,
according as tlie woman's husband
will lay upon him ; and he .sliall pay
as the judges determine. ''^'^And if
any mischief follow, then thou shalt
give life for life, ^''eye>' for eye, tooth
for tooth, hand for hand, foot for
foot, ^^ burning for burning, wound
for wound, stripe for stripe.

^^ And if a man smite the eye of
his servant, or the eye of his maid,
that it perish ; he shall let him go
free for his eye's sake. ^^And if he
smite out his manservant's tooth, or
his maidservant's tooth ; he shall let
him go free for his tooth's sake.^

2*^ If an ox gore a man or a wo-
man, that they die : then the ox shall
be surely .stoned, and his flesh shall
not be eaten ; but the owner of the ox
shall he quit.* ^ J Jut if the ox were
wont to push with his horn in time
past, and it hath been testified to his
owner, and he hath not kept him in,
but that he hath killed a man or a
woman ; the ox shall be stoned, and
his owner also shall be put to deatli.
•^"If there be laid on him a sum of
money, then he shall give for the
ransom of his life whatsoever is laid
upon him. ^' Whether he have gored
a son, or have gored a daughter,
according to this judgment shall it
be done unto him. "'-If the ox shall
push a nianservant or a maidsen-ant ;
lie shall give imto their master thirty'^
shekels of silver, and the ox shall be
stoned.

^ And if a man shall open a pit,^
or if a man shall dig a pit, and not
cover it, and an ox or an ass fall
therein; '"^the owner of the pit .sliall
make it good, and give money unto

' EX. 20, 6.
\ 21,34.

a lleh., av' nged.
Go. 4, l.'i, 24.
(The nia^K-
trate is the) re-
vrnRor, til e.xe-
ciitd wratli ii))<m
liini that dueth
evil. Ko. 13, 4.

p (Because it
might he pre-
sumed that the
man had died
Ih rough some
olh' r cause.
Clarke.)

b Of tlicchililren
of the straiifjers
that do sojouni
among you, of
tliera shall ye
l(uy...aiid they
shall be your
possession. Le.
25, 45.

y (Tfiis is the na-
tural law of equi-
ty, but in many
cases proving in-
CJmvrnirnt or im-
possible, parti-
cular punish-
ments or even
compensations
vrre introduced.
Kitto.) Lc. 24,
■J". De. 19, 21.
.Mat. 5, 38.

S (Thus self-inte-
rest obliged them
to be cautious
and circumspect.
Clarke.)

e (The laws of the
ticelve tables or-
dered "that the
owner of the beast
should pay for
tchat damages he
committal, or de-
liver him to the
person iryurcd.")

e (The value of
the holy shelcrl
was aliout 2.'. &/.
Thechief priests

covenanted

with (.Judas) for
thirty pieces of
silver. Mat 2U,
15.)

f (A well or cis-
tern, in some pub-
lic place, where
there teas danger
that men or cattle
might fall in it.)

EX. 21, 35. 1
23, 18. 1

EXODUS.

f A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

r/ (In the case sup-
posed at ve. 28
the oivne.r wns
punishul by the
total loss of the
lifosl. Zacc/iams

for false accusa-
tion promised tn
restore fourfold.
Lu. 19, 8.)

e Or, goat.

d A thief.. .if

lio be fiivind...
shall rcstcire se-
vciif..l,l;lioshall
^'ive all Ihr sub-
stance of bis
bouse. }'r. 6, .31.
2 Sa. 12, 6. Le
19, 8.

'If thegoodman
iif the house bad
known in wliat
watch the tbief
would come, he
would have
watched, and
would not have
suffered bis
house to be
hrokeuup. Mat.
2 J, 43.

t (Because it is
done at di-ad of
night. ..when oil
creation, except
beasts of pre.;/,
are at rest. East
ap. Clarke.)

K (For then he
might be hiown &
taken. Clarke.)

A (A necessary
low in countries
inhere great
drought pre-
vails.)

fi (Whatever
goods were thus
left in the hands
of another per-
son, that person
became responsi-
ble for them.
Clarke.)

V (This oathmade
before the magis-
trates, that he
knew nothing of
them, was cemsi-
dered a full
acquittance.
Clarke.)

I ( The possessor
might have had
them by a fair &
honest purchase.
Clarke.) De. 2.5,
1. 2Chr.l9, 10.

the owner of them ; and the dead
heast shall be his.

^ And if one man's ox hurt an-
other's, that he die; then they shall
sell the live ox, and divide the money
of it ; and the dead ox also they shall
divide. ^^Or if it be known that the
ox hath used to push in time past,
and his owner hath not kept him in ;
he shall surely pay ox for ox ; and
the dead shall be his own.""'

VVTT "1 A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. foa

-^-^-••■'■•J M.iu.NT Sinai. [p^

Laws judicial, concerning personal
offences.

F a man shall steal an ox, or a
sheep,^ and kill it, or sell it ;
he shall restore'^ five oxen for an ox,
and fom- sheep for a sheep.

^ If a thief be found breaking^ up,
and be smitten that he die, there shall
no blood he sited for him.' ^If the
sun be risen* upon him, there shall
be blood shed for him ; for he should
make full restitution ; if he have
nothing, then he shall be sold for
his theft. ^If the theft be certainly
found in his hand alive, whether it
be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall
restore double.

^ If a man shall cause a field or
vineyard to be eaten, and shall put
in his beast, and shall feed in an-
other man's field ; of the best of his
own field, and of the best of his own
vineyard, shall he make restitution.

** If fire break out, and catch in
thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or
the standing corn, or the field, be con-
sumed therewith ; he that kindled the
fire shall surely make restitution.''^

^ If a man shall deliver unto his
neighbour money or stuff to keep,'*
and it be stolen out of the man's
house ; if the thief be found, let him
pay double. ^If the thief be not
found, then the master of the house
shall be brought unto the judges, to
see whether he have put his hand
unto his neighbour's goods." '-^For
all manner of trespass, whether it be

for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment,
or for any manner of lost thing,
which another challengeth to be his,
the cause of both parties shall come
before the judges ;f atid whom the
judges shall condemn, he shall pay
double unto his neighbour.

^'^ If a man deliver unto his neigh-
bour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or
any beast, to keep ; and it die, or be
hurt, or driven away, no man seeing
it: ^^then shall an oath of the Lord
be between them both, that he hath
not put his hand unto his neighbour's
goods ; and the owner of it shall ac-
cept thereof, and he shall not" make
it good. ^""^And if it be stolen from
him, he shall make restitution/ vinto
the owner thereof. ^'^If it be torn
in pieces, then let him bring it for
witness,'^ and he shall not make good
that which was torn.

■^■* And if a man borrow ought of
his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die,
the owner thereof being not with it,
he shall surely make it good. ^^ But
if the owner thereof be with it, he
shall not make it good : if it be an
hired thing, it came for his hire.f

^^And if a man entice a maid that
is not betrothed, and lie with her,
he shall surely endow her to be his
wife. ^''If her father utterly refuse
to give her unto him, he shall pay°"
moneys according to the dowry" of
virgins.

^^ Thou shalt not suffer a witch*
to live.

^^ Whosoever lieth with a beasts
shall surely be put to death.

2*^ He that sacrificeth''' unto any
god, save unto the Lord only, he
shall be utterly destroyed.

'-^^Thou shalt neither vex" a stran-
ger, nor oppress him : for ye were
strangers in the land of Egypt.

^^Ye shall not afflict any widow,
or fatlierless child." ^^If thou afflict
tlieni in any wise, and they cry at
all unto Me,^ I will surely hear their
cry ; ^^and My wrath shall wax hot,
and 1 will kill you with the sword ;

0 (It iras taken
for granted tltat
the man was
nocent who could
by oath appeal to
the omniscient
God. Clarke.)

/ (.Jacob said).,
of my bands
didst thou re-
quire it, whether
st(jlen by day or
stolen by uight
Ge. 31, 39.

IT (Let him bring
a, testinumy of the
torn thing. Am,
3, 12.)

p (It, the accident,
goes with the hire.
Gesenius.)

or Ileb., weigh.
Ge. 23, 16.

T (According to
the Targumist.
this was fifty
shekels of silver.
Ge. 34, 12. De.
22, 29. 1 Sa. 18,
25.)

V (These regula-
tions were a pow-
erful curb to dis-
orderly pas-
sions.)

(j> (A magician,
who pretended to
discover or direct
the effects
cribed to the ope-
ration of the
elements. The
sorcery or witch-
craft of the Old
2'estament i
solves itself into
a trafficking with
idols and asking
counsel of false
deities. Den-
hain.)

X Le. 18, 23, and
20, 15.

4> Nu. 25, 2. De.
13, 1, &c.

<o (A humane law
and the offspring
of sound policy.
Clarke.)

a De. 10, 18, and
24, 17. Is. 1, 17.
Ezc. 22, 7. Ze.
7, 10. Ja. 1, 27.

^ (God reserves
the punishment
to Uimself, and
by this strongly
shews His abhor-
rence of the crime,
Clarke.)

100

A.M. 3833. >
B.C. 1608. »■

EXODUS.

; EX. 21, 35.
i 23, 18.

■ (Xot that Uik-
iiiij iiitrresl for
thr loan o/vviwy
wti.i ill itself sin-
ful anil unjust,
l)ut that in the
fast- ifthf Israrl-
it'-i, thr Ixrrrow-
\iiii/ WHS not with
a t'lVw to profit,
but from po-
Virty.)

i (His " hyhe," a
leti'irse hlanket
Inhout six !/(inh
loiiij, the Ariili's
subtititute for <i
Ibed. Clarke.)

Or, juilffes,ve. 8,
9. I's. aJ, 6.
(M'llc- light of
vi'i'/istrdtfs.
died hi/ St. Paul,
Ac. 23, 5.)

f Hob., % ful-
mss.

h Honour the
I,iii;i> witli tliy
sulistaiu'e and
with tlio lirst
fruits iif all tliitii'
iiicrcasi;. I'r. 3,
9.

Ch. 1.3, 2, 12, &
34, 19.

(fc De. 15, 19.

For I the Lord
your Ciod am
holv. Le. 19, 2,
& 22. 8. Eze. 4,
14, and 44, 31.

m Civo not that
whirh is holy to
the dofjs. Mat.
7, 6.

r) Or, r«^'i;e...He
that uttereth a
slander is a fool.
Pr. 10, 18.

n A false witness
shall not be nn-
piuiisbed. Pr.
19, 6.

» (If any ap-
pears to thee in-
niiirnt, assert his
iiinocmce with a
fearless mind, d
d' ft lid him
against the mul-
titude. Kosen.)

I Ileb, answer.

o Yo shall not ho
afraid of the face
of man ; for the
jiul^ncnt is
(jiod's...Ue.l, 17.

p Love your ene-
mies...do f^ood
to them that hate
you.. Mat. 6, 44.

101

ami voiir \vivt's shall Ito widows, and
vour fliildrcn fatlu'rlfss.

■•"If thou li'ud iiionoy to a7ii/ of
My people iliat is jjoor by thee, thou
shalt not be to him as an usurer,v
neither shall thou lay upon him usury.
'^^l{ thou at all take thy neifj:hbour's
raiment* to pledge, thou sluilt deliver
it unto him by that the sun goeth
down : 2" for that is his covering only,
it is his raiment for his skin : where-
in shall he sleep ? and it shall come
to pass, when he crieth unto Me,
that I will hear ; for I am gracious.

'-^^Thou shalt not revile the gods,'
nor curse the ruler of thy people.

^^'Thou shalt not delay to offer
the first^ of thy rii)e'* fruits, and of
thy liquors : the firstborn of thy sons'
shalt thou give unto Me. ^ Likewise^'
shalt thou do with thine oxen, and
with thy sheep : seven days it shall
be with his dam ; on the eighth day
thou shalt give it Me.

^^ And ye shall be holy men un-
to Me :' neither shall ye eat any flesh
tliat is torn of beasts in the field ; ye
shall cast it to the dogs."'"

VVTTT 1 A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. rc7
AxVlil.J Mount Sinai. [p '

Laws concerning social duties,
feasts, and sacrifices.

TIIOU shalt not raise'' a false"
report : put not thine hand
with the wicked to be an unrighteous
witness.

^Thou shalt not follow a multi-
tude® to do evil ; neither shalt thou
speak' in a cause to decline" after
many to wrest judgment: ^neither
shalt thou countenance a poor man
in his cause.

*If thou meet thine enemy's ox
or his ass going astray, thou shalt
surely bring it back to him again.^
^ If thou see the ass of him that hat-
eth thee lying under his burden, and
wouldest forbear to help iiim, thou
shalt surely help with hiin."

^Thou shalt not wrest the judg-
ment of thy poor in his cause.

'^Keep thee far fi-om a false mat-

ter ; and the innocent aiwl righteous
slay tliou not: for 1 will iKjt justify
the wicked.

*^And thou shalt take no gift: for
the gift blindeth tlu; wise,^ and per-
verteth the words of tlie righteous.

'•'Also thou shalt not oppress a
stranger : for ye know the heart^ of
a stranger, seeing ye were strangers
in the land of Egypt.

^"And six years thou shalt sow
thy land, and shalt gather in the
fruits thereof: ^^but the seventh y<'«r
thou shalt let it rest and lie still ;**
that the poor of thy people may eat :
and what they leave the beasts of the
field shall eat. In like manner thou
shalt deal with thy vineyard, and
with thy oliveyard."

^^Six days thou shalt do thy
work, and on the seventh day thou
shalt rest : that thine ox and thine
ass may rest, and the son of thy
handmaid, and the stranger, may be
refi'eshed.

^•^And in all tilings that I have
said unto you be circumspect :?' and
make no mention of the name of other
gods, neither let it be heard out of
tliy mouth. ^

^^ Three times thou shalt keep a
feast unto me in the year. ^^Thou
shalt keep the feast of unleavened^
bread : (thou shalt eat unleavened
bread seven days, as I commanded
thee in the time appointed of the
month Abib ; for in it thou camest
out from Egypt : and none shall ap-
pear before Ale empty :)'' ^*'and the
feast of harvest,° the firstfi-uits of thy
labours, which thou hast sown in the
field : and the feast of ingathering,'''
which is in the end of the year, when
thou hast gathered in thy labours'"
out of the field.

^■^ Three times in the year all thy
males shall appear before the Lord
God.

^''Thou shalt not oft'er the blond
of My sacrifice with leavened bread;
neither shall the fat of My sacrifice''
remain until the morning.

K Or, wilt thou
Cea-He to help h im t
or, and wouldest
reane to leave thy
husiiiess for
him ; thou shalt
surely Irave it to
join with him.

P llah., the seMng.

K Ileb, soul.

fi (The reasons
for thisordinance,
given by Cuhnet
are, to maintain
an et/iuility a-
mong the pejyple ;
to inspire them
with sentiments
of humanity ; to
accu-itom them
to depend on the
Dii'iiie Provi-
dence ; to drtnch
them from earth-
ly things ; and tc
shew them (ItHts
dominion overthe
soil.)

V Or, olive-trees.

p Take heed to
thyself, & keep
thy soul dili
fc'elitly...ne.4,9.
I's. 39, 1. Eph.5,
15. 1 Ti. 4, 16

q Their sorrows
shall he multi-
]ilicd that has-
ten after ano-
ther god. Ps
10,4.

f ( The ]>a.<isover, to
cnmni'.morate the
departure out of
Kgypt. Ch.Vi,lb.
Le. 23, 6.)

r Every man
shall K<^'c as he
is able, accord
iu),' to the bless-
iiif? of the Iaiki)
thy IJckI which
lie h.ith given
thee. De. 16, 17

o (The Feast of
Pentecost, called
also the Feast of
Weeks (ch. 34,
22) to commemo-
rate the giving of
the low on Mount
Sinai fifty days
after the passo-
VI r.)

T (The Feast of
Tahfrnacle.s{l5th
Tisri), to aim-
mcnuirate the Is-
raelites' dwelling
in tents for forty
years.)

p OT,feast. (The
piissover.)

EX. 23, 19. 1

25, 18. 1

9 (Thou shall not
do anything that
iiuiy have a ten-
ile/iry to l/lunt thy
moral feelings or
teach thee hard-
ness of heart.
Clarke.)

T Or, I will afflict
them that afflict
thee.

s Thus saith the
Lord God, I de-
liviired thcni in-
to your hand...
and I have giv-
en you a hind
for wliich ye did
nut labour.. .Jos.
24, 13.

t Shall command
the blessing up-
on thee in thy
storehouses, and
in all that thou
settest fhine
hand unto. De.
2>i, 8.

u Thou Bhalt
come to thy
grave in a full
age, like as a
shock of corn
Cometh in his
season. Job 5,
26.

V As soon as wc

heard our

hearts did melt,
neither did there
remain any more
courage in any
man because of
you. ..Jos. 2, 11.

V (In Cramner\<i
ISihle it is, "/
will trouhlt.")

<j> Ileb., 7ieck. Ps.
18, 40.

X (This rendcriiig
is probably cor-
rect, for it is said,
" I sent the hor-
net before you,
which drave
tlifiu out from
l)cf(.re you, even
the two kings of
the Aniorites;
but not with thy
sword, nor with
thy bow. Jos.
24, 12. De. 7, 20.
.JClian relates
that the Phnseli-
ta: (a I'hattician
people) tvere ac-
tually driven
frrrm their loca-
lity by such
means. Kitto's
liib. Gyc.)

EXODUS.

^9 The first of the firstfi-uits of thy
land thou shalt bring into the house
of the Lord thy God. Thou shalt
not seethe a kid in his mother's
milk."*

[88

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. Mouxt Sinai.
Divers promises on condition of obedience.

20 "BEHOLD, I send an Angel
before thee, to keep thee in the way,
and to bring thee into the place
which I have prepared, ^ijjeware
of Him, and obey His A'oice, provoke
Him not ; for He will not pardon
your transgressions : for My name
is in Him. 22]3^i; {f thou shalt in-
deed obey His voice, and do all that
I speak ; then I will be an enemy
unto thine enemies, and an adver-
sary unto thine adversaries.'^ ^^¥oy
Mine Angel shall go before thee, and
bring* thee in unto the Amorites, and
the Hittites, and the Perizzites, and
the Canaanites, the Hivites, and the
Jebusitcs : and I will cut them off".

2* Thou shalt not bow down to their
gods, nor serve them, nor do after
their works : but thou shalt utterly
overthrow them, and quite break
down their images.

2^ And ye shall serve the Lord
your God, and He shall bless' thy
bread, and thy water ; and I will
take sickness away from the midst of
thee.

2*^ There shall nothing cast their
young, nor be baiTcn, in thy land :
the number of thy days I will fulfil."
^^I will send My fear" before thee,
and will destroy" all the people to
whom thou shalt come, and 1 will
make all thine enemies turn their
backs'^ unto thee. ^'^And I will send
hornetsx before thee, which shall
drive out the Hivite, the Canaanite,
and the Hittite, from before thee.
'^•'l. will not drive them out fi'om be-
fore thee in one year ; lest the land
become desolate, and the beast of the
field multiply against thee. '^ojJy
little and little I will drive them out
from before thee, until thou be in-

creased, and inherit the land. ^^ And
I will set thy bounds"" from the Red
sea even unto the sea of the Philis-
tines,'^ and from the desert unto the
river : for I will deliver the inhabi-
tants of the land into your hand ; and
thou shalt drive them out before thee.
^^ Thou shalt make no covenant with
them, nor with their gods. ^They
shall not dwell in thy land, lest they
make thee sin against Me : for if thou
serve their gods, it will surely be a
snare unto thee,"

VVJV 1 A.M. 383,3. B.C. 1608. fQA

^-^Vl V .J Mount Sinai. L*"^ "^

Preparation for the delivery of
the ceremonial law.

AND He said unto Moses, " Come
up unto the Lord, thou, and
Aaron, Nadab, and Abihu, and se-
venty of the elders of Israel ; and
worship ye afar oft'." ^^n^ Moses
alone shall come near the Lord : but
they shall not come nigh ; neither
shall the people go up with him."

^ And Moses came and told the
people all the words of the Lord,
and all the judgments : and all the
people answered with one voice, and
said, "All the words wliich the Lord
hath said will we do."

*And Moses wrote" all the words
of the Lord, and rose up early in
the morning, and builded an altar
under the hill, and twelve pillars,
according to the twelve tribes of Is-
rael. ^And he sent young men of
the children of Israel, which offered
burnt offerings,^ and sacrificed peace'*'
offerings of oxen inito the Lord.
''And Moses took half of the blood,
and put it in basons ; and half of
the blood he sprinkled on the altar.
'^And he took the book of the cove-
nant,^ and read in the audience of
the people : and they said, " All that
the Lord hath said will we do, and
be obedient."^ — ^And Moses took
the blood, and sprinkled it on the
people, and said, " Behold the blood

< A.M. 3833.
[ B.C. 1608.

vj Solomon reign-
ed over all king-
doms from the
river unto the
land of the Phi-
listines, & unto
the border of
Egypt.. .1 Ki. 4,
21.

i// (The Mediter-
ranean.)

CO (Three days
ivere occupied
with the transac-
tions recorded in
chapters xix. —
xxiii. Moses and
Aaron are now
sent doivn to pro^
pose the condi-
tions of the cove-
nant to the Is-
raelites, ve. 3,
after which they
ivere again to
come up, verses
1 and 2.)

a (Probably he
spent some days
in writing down
the laws & judg-
ments. Shuck-
ford.)

(3 (Sheep & goats.
Lc. 1, 10. These
were wholly con-
sumed.)

y (Bullocks or
goats. lie. 9, 10.
The blood was
poured out, and
then the priests
and people might
feed on the flesh.)

X ...With water,
& scarlet wool, &

hyssop He. 9,

19, and 13, 20.
1 Pe. 1, 2.

5 (The people en-
tered into the
most soleinyi en-
gagement to per-
form what tons
■written in the
book.)

102

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. i

EXODUS.

j EX. 23, 19.
( 25, 18.

Vc. 1. (Somi-
lildf Will/ up the
vniuiitaiii.)

(The InrhU'h'
(iml WHS mil II i-
feslrd throii'/li
hh.it Diviiif P,r-
U90II ic/io ill n/trr
\niif^ WHS "nuide

I/*'

(TirirJc-wnrk of
,an ii:urr colnur.)
Eze. 1, 26, & 10,

. Re. 4, 3.

(He dill not slni/
anyoflhfm.) Ne.
13, 21. Sec eh.
19, 21.

(After having
^giri II Aiiron ami
■ llnr t/ie charge
:oj the people.
Ve. 14.)

(Farther up the
mount ; Aaron it
th,- fillers, who
come mill-
tea I/, returning to
the camp.)

(The glory was
prolxihly above
the iloufi, anil it
to the cluiiil
that Moses and
Josh'ia ascended
at this time, leav-
iii'l Aaron <C the
elilei-s below.
Clarke. See
Ma. 9, 7, &c.)

(Which was the
suhhiith. (1ml
tpiike to him, and
delivered to him
•essirelg dur-
ing forty dags the
difftrinl statutes
and ordinances
ciiiilained in
cliajitcrs XXV.—
xxxi.J

(Cnlridated to
inspire reverence
land i/odhi fear.
He. 12, 28, 29.)

(Alone, leaving
Joshua in the
cloud, who with
the elders formed
a chain of com-
uiaitiuH with
the camp.)

(The first fa.it.
See ch. 32, 31,
oomp. with De.
9,18. Ch.34,2s.)

Heb., take for
Me.

of the covenant, wliicli tho Lorp
hath made with you cyuccrning all
these words."

^Tlien wont u|/ ^Foses, an J Aaron,
Nadab, and Abihu, and seventy of tlie
elders of Israid : ^"and they saw th(>
(jod of Israel:^ and there was under
Ills feet as it were a paved*? Avork
of a sapphire stone, and as it were
the bodv of heaven in his clearness.
^^ And upon the nobles of the children
of Israel He laid^ not His hand : also
they saw (Jod, and did cat and drink.

^2 And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Come up to Me int(^ the mount,
and be there :' and I will give thee
tables of stone, and a law, and com-
mandments which I have written ;
that thou mayest teach them."

^■^ And Moses rose up, and his
minister Joshua : and Moses went
up into the mount of God.* ^*And
he said unto the elders, " Tarry ye
here for us, until we come again unto
you : and, behold, Aaron and 1 1 ur
are with you : if any man have any
matters to do, let him come unto
them."

^^ And ^Foses w'ent up into the
mount, and a cloud covered*^ the
mount. ^"^ And the glory of the Loi;i)
abode upon mount Sinai, and the
cloud covered it six days : and tlu!
seventh'* day He called unto ^Foses
out of the midst of the cloud. ^"And
the sight of the glory of the Lord
was like devouring'' fire on the top
of the mount in the eyes of the chil-
dren of Israel. ^^And Moses went
into the midst of the cloud, and gat
him up into the mount -J and ^Foses
was in the mount forty days and
forty nights."

VW 1 A.M. .1833. B.C. 1G08. ron

^^-^ » -J Mount Sinai. \_'J^>

Directions as to the ark and other
furniture of the tabernacle.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '^'^ Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, that they bring" ^Fe

an offering :P of every man that giveth
it willingly with his heart ye shall
fak(^ .My otfcring, ^And this is the
offering whieli ye shall take of them ;
gold, and silver, and brass, ^and blue,
and purjjle, and scarlet, and fine*^
linen, and goats' hair., ''and rams'
skins dyed red,'' and badgers'" skins,
and shittim wood, ^oil for the light,'''
spices for anointing oil, and for sweet
incense, '^ onyx stones, and stones to
be set in the ephod, and in the breast-
plate.

^ And let them make Me a sanc-
tuary ; that I may dwell among
them.x ^ According to all that 1
shew thee, after the ])attern of the
tabernacle, and the pattern of all the
instruments thereof, even so shall ye
make //.

^" And they shall make an ark'''
of shittim wood :" two cubits and a
half shall he the length thereof, and
a cubit and a half the breadth thereof,
and a cubit and a half the height
tliereof. ^^And thou shalt overlay
it with pure gold, within and without
slialt thou overlay it, and shalt make
upon it a crown of gold* round about.
^'-'And thou shalt cast four rings of
gold for it, and put them in the four
corners thereof; and two rings shall
be in the one side of it, and two rings
in the other side of it. ^^ And thou
shalt make staves of shittim wood,
and overlay them with gold. ^'*And
thou shalt put the stfives into the
rings by the sides of the ark, that
the ark may be borne with them.
^^The staves shall be in the rings of
the ark : they shall not be taken-'
from it,

^''And thou shalt put into the ark
the testimony^ which F shall give
thee.

^•^ And thou shalt make a mereyv
seat of pure g<dd : two cubits and a
half shall be the length thereof, and
a cubit and a half the breadth thereof.
'^And thou shalt make two cherubims
of gold, of beaten* work shalt thou
make them, in the two ends of the

p Or, heave offer-
ing.

er Or, silk. (
41, 42.

T (The skins of
red rums. UoHen-
niiillcr, Di!
Witte, and
Maurer.)

V (Col. n. Smith
thinks that this is
not tite badger
which is not
found in South
Asia, but an ani-
mnl of the great
antelnpe family,
of an iron grey
colour.)

4> (The light of
the lamps was
supplied from
pure olive-oil.)

X (This was the
main end of all,
and to this all the
particulars are
to be referred, <t
by this theg are
to be opened.
Ainsworth.)

i// (From the Latin,
area; any covered
chest or coffer
Cotton.)

o) (Probably the
acacia, the Egy/i
tian thorn of tlie
ancients. It
soli/t, light, and
very beautiful
called " the shit-
tah tree" in Ib.
41, 19.)

a (A raised rim
or edge.)

y Sec 1 Ki. 8, 8.

P(ThetwotablfS.)

y (A propitiatory.
Uc. ix.)

i (Carved.)

103

EX. 25, 19. 1
26, 30. i

y Or, of the mat-
ter of the niercy-

SOlt.

S (A cJierub was
nil imblenwtic
cridture of four
hmils ; viz., the
linn, the bull, the
eagle, and man.
Such were the
" living crea-
tures" of Eze. 1,
5, but those of
John but one face
onl;i, Re. 4, 6.
It is difficult to
sr!,y what it sym-
bolized.)

z ...Overshadow-
ing tlie merc)'-
seat. He. 9, 5.
1 Ki. 8, 7. 1 Chr.

28, 18.
e (There xoill I
manifest Mi/self
to thee. Dathe,
Geddcs, Eosen-
miiller.)

a Le. 16, 2.

b Nil. 7, 89. 1 Sa.
4, 4. Ps. 80, 1.
Is. 37, 16.

c 1 Ki. 7, 48. He.
9,2.

f (An ornamental
rim.)

7) (Platen or plot-
ters on which the
loaves mere set,
or deep bou.'ls in
which they knead-
ed the bread.)

0 (Basons. Gcse-
nius and Roseu-
miiller. Cups or
censers ; their use
being for holding
incense. Pic.

Bib.)

(Cups.)

: (Goblets.)

A Or, to pour out
withal. (For
making lihatians.
Geseniiis and
others.)

d Le. 24, 5.

fi (Lamp-stand or
chaialelier having
one shaft, with
six branches pro-
ceeding frmn it,
adorned at equal
distances with six
floviers like lilies,
with as many
bowls and knops
placed alternate-
ly. There were
seven lamps in
all, which toere
lighted every
evening ami ex-
tinyuisheA every
morning.
Clarke.)

EXODUS.

mercy scat. ^^ And make one cherub
on the one end, and the other cherub
on the other end : even of the mercyv
seat shall ye make the cherubims^ on
the two ends thereof. ^"^And the
clierubinis shall stretch forth their
wings on high, covering^ the mercy
seat with their wings, and their faces
shall look one to another ; toward the
mercy seat shall the faces of the che-
rubims be. ^^ And thou shalt put the
mercy seat above upon the ark ; and
in the ark thou shalt put the testi-
mony that I shall give thee. ^^And
there I will meet^ with thee," and I
will commune* with thee from above
the mercy seat, from between the
two cherubims which are upon the
ark of the testimony, of all things
which I will give thee in command-
ment unto the children of Israel.

^'^ Thou shalt also make a table
of shittim wood f two cubits shall he
the length thereof, and a cubit the
breadth thereof, and a cubit and a
half the height thereof. ^"^ And thou
shalt overlay it with pure gold, and
make thereto a crown^ of gold round
about. ^^ And thou shalt make unto
it a border of an hand breadth round
about, and thou shalt make a golden
crown to the border thereof round
about. 26^jj(j thou shalt make for
it four rings of gold, and put the
rings in the four corners that are on
the four feet thereof. ^^Over against
the border shall the rings be for
places of the staves to bear the table.
^*^And thou shalt make the staves of
shitthn wood, and overlay them with
gold, that the table may be borne
with them. ^^And thou shalt make
the dishes'? thereof, and spoons^ there-
of, and covers*^ thereof, and bowls"
thereof, to cover^ withal : of pure
g«ld shalt thou make them. ^^And
thou shalt set upon the table shew-
bread'' before Me alway.

^^ And thou shalt make a candle-
stick of pure gold : of beaten work
shall the candlestick'^ be made : his
shaft, and his branches, his bowls,

his knops, and his flowers, shall be
of the same. ^^ And six branches
shall come out of the sides of it ;
three branches of the candlestick out
of the one side, and three branches
of the candlestick out of the other
side : ^^ three bowls made like unto
almonds, with a knop and a flower in
one branch ; and three bowls made
like almonds in the other branch,
icith a knop and a flower : so in the
six branches that come out of the
candlestick. ^^And in the candle-
stick shall be four bowls made like
unto almonds, with their knops and
their flowers. ^^And there shall he
a knop under two branches of the
same, and a knop under two branches
of the same, and a knop under two
branches of the same, according to
the six branches that proceed out of
the candlestick. ^'^ Their knops and
their branches shall be of the same :
all'' of it shall he one beaten work of
pure gold. ^'^And thou shalt make
tlie seven lamps* thereof: and they
shall light^ the lamps thereof, that
they may give light/ over against
it.° ^^ And the tongs thereof, and
the snutfdishes thereof, shall he of
pure gold. ^^ Of a talent"" of pure
gold shall he make it, with all these
vessels. ^^ And lookP that thou make
them after their pattern, which was
shewed thee in the mount. ""^

V WT 1 A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. roi

yV^S. V i.J ^ Mount Sinai. L

Directions as to the pillars and
hangings of the tabernacle.

MOREOVER'- thou shalt make
the tabernacle" loith ten cur-
tains of fine twined linen, and blue,
and purple, and scarlet : with che-
rubims of cunning"^ workx shalt thou
make them. ^The length of one cur-
tain shall be eight and twenty cubits,'/'
and the breadth of one curtain four
cubits : and every one of the curtains
shall have one measure. "^The five
curtains shall be coupled together
one to another ; and other five cur-

r A.M. 3833.
I B.C. 1608.

V (At Home, at
the foot of Mount
Palatine, there
are the ruins of
anarch, on which
the triumph of
Titus for his con-
quist of the Jews
is represented, <fe
on zvhich the se-
veral monuments
whicli were car-
ried in the pro-
cession are sculp-
tured, and parti-
cularly this gold-
en candU'.stick, tlie
table of the sfu'W-
bread,ntidthetii}o
silver trumpets.
Clarke.)

« Ch. 27, 21, and
30, 8. Le. 24, 3,
4. 2 Cbr. 13, 11.

f Heb., cause to
ascend.

f Nu. 8, 2.

0 Hob.,

of it.

the face

It £5075 15s. 7d.

p (This command
is repeatedly
given.) Ch. 26,
30. Nu. 8, 4. 1
Chr. 28, 11, 19.
Ac. 7, 44. He.

<r Heb., which
thou wast caused
to see.

T (The nmiuteness
of the Mosaic or-
dinances will not
occasion any sur-
prise, when it is
considered that
every part of
them had a typir
cal import.)

V (The tabernacle
was to he the.
dwelling-place of
Jehovah, who, as
a king in his
camp, had His
dwelling or pavi-
lion among His
people. Clarke.)

(^ Hob., the work
of a cunning
ivorkman or em-
broiderer,

X (Probably formr
ed in the loom;
a sort of diaper,
in which the fi-
gures appear
equally perfect
on both sides.)

ijj That is, six-
teen yards twelve
inches long, and
two yards twelve
inches broad.

104

'A.M. 3833.1
B.C. 1608. i

EXODUS.

f EX. 25, 10.
t .26, 30.

u (The curtains
irtri' to lie ci'Uj>!eil
I'i'li-ther, Jirt nwl
Jiv of It aide, hij
fi/l'l loops, vo. 5,
mill IIS many
gohUn clnsps, so
tfmt farh mii/fit
limk like one evr-
I'lln, <t the ic/iole
miike one entire
conring. This
11' IS the jlrst cj>-
virinij. Clarke.)

1 (The second eo-
vriiig.)

(3 ( Sii-enteen yards
ei'lhleen inrhes
lniif/,lty two yards
lifflie indies
broad.

•y Or, covering.

S ITob., in the re-
limler, or sur-
jihisage.

(Thli teas the
third covering ; d:
what is callid
Imilgers' skins
leas the fourth.)

f (lioth the previ-
ous coverings on
the Jin t roof would
not hold out rains
<t weather, where-
fore these two ad-
ditional were
meute.

1} (Planks.)

tains ,s7/c7// he coujiled one to anotluM*.
^Aiul thou slialt make loops of blue
upon the edge of the one eurtain from
the selvedfje in tlie couplincf; and
likewise shalt thou make in the utter-
most edge of another curtain, in the
eou])ling- of the second. ^ Fifty loops
slialt thou make in the one curtain,
and fifty loops shalt thou make in
the edge of the curtain that is in the
coupling of the second ; that the loops
may take hold one of another, ^And
thou shalt make fifty taches of gold,
and couple the curtains together with
the taches : and it shall he one taber-
nacle."

^ And thou shalt make curtains of
goats'" hair to be a covering upon
the tabernacle : eleven curtains shalt
thou make. *'The length of one cur-
tain shall be thirty^ cubits, and the
breadth of one curtain four cubits :
and the eleven curtains shall be all
of one measure. '''And thou shalt
couple five curtains by themselves,
and six curtains by themselves, and
shalt double the sixth curtain in the
forefront of the tabernacle. ^^And
thou shalt make fifty loops on the
edge of the one curtain that is out-
most in the coupling, and fifty loops
in the edge of the curtain which
couplctli the second, ^^ And thou
shalt make fifty taches of brass, and
put the taches into the loops, and
couple the tentv together, that it may
be one. ^^And the remnant that
remaineth of the curtains of the tent,
the half curtain that remaineth, shall
hang over the backside of the taber-
nacle. ^^And a cubit on the one
side, and a cidjit on the other side
of that which remaineth* in the length
of the curtains of the tent, it shall
hang over the sides of the tabernacle
on this side and on that side, to cover
it, ^^And thou shalt make a cover-
ing for the tent of rams'* skins dyed
red, and a covering above o/" badgers'
skins.^

^^And thou shalt make boards')
for the tabernacle of shittim wood

standing up. '''Ten cubits* shall he
the length of a board, and a cubit
and a lialf sliall be the breadth of
one board. '^Two tenons' shall there
be in one board, set in order one
against another :" thus shalt thou
make for all the boards of the taber-
nacle. ^^And thou shalt make the
boards for the tabernacle, twenty
boards on the south side southward.
^''And thou slialt make forty sockets
of silver under the twenty boards ;
two sockets under one board for his
two tenons, and two sockets under
another board for his two tenons.^
"'^And for the second side of the ta-
bernacle on the north side there shall
be twenty boards t** ^i ^nd their forty
sockets of silver ; two sockets under
one board, and two sockets under
another board. ^'■^And for the sides
of the tabernacle westward thou shalt
make six" boards. '•^•' And two boards
shalt thou make for the corners of the
tabernacle in the two sides. '^^Anii
they shall be coupled^ together be-
neath, and they shall be coupled
together above the head of it unto
one ring :" thus shall it be for them
both ; they shall be for the two cor-
ners,'' ^AnUL they shallP be eight
boards, and their sockets of silver,
sixteen sockets ; two sockets under
one board, and two sockets under
another board.

'■^^ And thou shalt make bars<^ of
shittim wood ; five for the boards of
the one side of the tabernacle, '■^'^and
five bars for the boards of the other
side of the tabernacle, and five bars
for the boards of the side of the ta-
bernacle, for the two sides westward.
•^'*And the middle bar in the midsf^
of the boards shall reach from end
to end. ^And thou shalt overlay
the boards with gold, and make their
rings r/gold/o/' places for the bars :
and thou shalt overlay the bars with
gold. *^And thou shalt rear up the
tabernacle according-' to the fashion
thereof which was shewed thee in
the mount.

0 (Five yards two
and a half feet
long, two ft 1 1
81 ten inches and
a half broad.)

t Ilcl)., hanils.

K (Parnllrl with
inrh fit hi r. CIi.'-
Ki'iiiuH and \ht
Wcttc.)

A (Forty at tin-
south side, forty
III the north side,
and sixteen at the
vest, laid as clo.te
together aa was
possible.)

H (In the J>ases or
sockets the jdnnks
were sit, one
plank taking up
two bases.)

V (.rust the hrexidlh
of the house be-
tween wall and
wall.)

f Ilcb., twinned
(close-Jointed at
the foot.)

0 ( Each was linked
to the niut at the
liip with a golden
link.)

n (The.ie corners
knit mil and side
tiigil/ur, d- were
the strength of
Vie building.)

p (liathrr. And
let tliere be.)

(T (They were cnr-
riid III stajilfS
from one end rf
the taliernacle to
the other.)

T ( Through the
liiHlyol'tli' planks,
iihotebiiiigleir.d
fur the purpose.)

/III. 2.-), 9, 40, &
27,8. Ac. 7, 44.
IIf.8,6.

105

EX. 26, 31. 1
28, 20. i

EXODUS.

\ A.M. 3833.
I B.C. 1608.

<r (Jxist under the
gnlden clasps that
linked the five d:
Jive curtains to-
gether, so that
Jive, curtains lay
over the Holy
jtlace (fc five over
the Most Holy.)

T (A loop-hutton
or catch.)

V (The pillars
stootl a t/ard/rom
each other, & the
two outmost stood
a yard from the
wall. At the top
q/'each pillar viis
fastened a yolden
hook, on the top
of which the vail
hung, five yards
broad and five
yards high).

g He. 9, 8.

<l>(7Vte caver of the
ark, called " the
propitiatory.")

X (Containing the
shewhread.)

\j/ (On the left, sig-
nifying the light
of God's law.)

01 (This may he
called the fi/'st
vail, as it occu-
pied the entrance
to the tabernacle.)

a ( Woven with va-
rious colours.
Gesenius, De
Wette, &c.)

h Ch. 36, 38.

|3 (The altar of
Imrnt sacrifice in
the court of the
people, up to-
viards the taber-
nacle, that the
piople might
stand to behold
the sacrifice of-
fered.) Cli.38,1.
Eze. 43, 13.

y (A strong hollow
Jrame, two yardi
two feet nine
inches long, as
mayiy broad, and
one yard two feet
three inches high.)

& (Of the same
piece of which
each comer-post
was made.)

i Nu. 16, 39.

e (And carry it
forth.)

^ (To scrape the
ashes together.)

^^ And thou slialt make a vail of
blue, and purple, and scarlet, and
fine twined linen of cunning work :
with cherubim s shall it be made :
^2 and thou shalt hang it<^ upon four
pillars of shittim icood overlaid with
gold : their hooks shall be of gold,
upon the four sockets of silver. ^^^Vnd
thou shalt hang up the vail under
the taches,'^ that thou mayest bring
in thither within the vail" the ark of
the testimony : and the vail sliall
divide^' unto you between the Holy
place and the Most Holy.

^ And thou shalt put the mercy"^
seat upon the ark of the testimony
in the most holy place.

25 And thou shalt set the tabled
without the vail, and the candlestick'''
over against the table on the side of
the tabernacle toward the south : and
thou shalt put the table on the north
side.

2^ And thou shalt make an hang-
ing" for the door of the tent, of
blue, and purple, and scarlet, and
fine twined linen, AVTOught" with nee-
dlework. 2'' And thou shalt make
for the hanging five'' pillars of shit-
tim wood, and overlay them with
gold, a7id their hooks shall be of
gold : and thou shalt cast five sockets
of brass for them."

V^-TTTT -1 A.M. 3833. n.c. 1G08. TOO
JSk.u\. V 11. J Mount Sinai. L*^~'

Directions as to the altar, the
court of the people, and the
lamp.

" A ND thou shalt make an altar^
IjL of shittim wood, five cubits
long, and five cubits broad iV the
altar shall be four-square : and the
height thereof shall he three cubits ;
'^and thou shalt make the horns of it
upon the four corners thereof: his
horns shall be of the same :^ and
thou shalt overlay it with brass.'
2 And thou shalt make his pans to
receive his ashes,* and his shovels,^
and his basons,'' and his fleshhooks,^
and his firepans :' all the vessels
thereof thou shalt make of brass.

^And thou shalt make for it a grate
of network* of brass ; and upon the
net shalt thou make four brasen rings^
in the four corners thereof. ^And
thou shalt put it under the compass
of the altar beneath, that the net
may be even to the midst of the
altar.*^ "^ And thou shalt make staves
for the altar, staves o/ shittim wood,
and overlay them with brass. ''And
the staves shall be put into the rings,
and the staves shall be upon the two
sides of the altai*, to bear it. ^Hol-
low with boards shalt thou make it :
as it was shewed" thee in the mount,
so shall they make it.

^And thou shalt make^ the court^
of the tabernacle : for the south side
southward ther^e shall he hangings for
the court of fine twined linen of an
hundred cubits long for one side :
^*^and the twenty pillars" thereof and
their twenty sockets shall he q/" brass ;
the hooks'^ of the pillars and their
fillets sliall he o/silvei'. ^^And like-
wise for the north side in length
there shall be hangings of an hundred
ciihits long, and his twenty pillars
and their twenty sockets of brass ;
the hooks of the pillars and their fil-
lets o/" silver. ^^ And /or the breadth
of the court on the west side shall be
hangings of fiftyP cubits : their pillars
ten, and their sockets ten. ^^ And
the breadth of the court on the east
side eastward shall be fifty cubits,
^"^The hangings'^ of one side of the
gate shall be fifteen cubits : their pil-
lars three, and their sockets three.
^5 And on the other side shall be hang-
ings fifteen cubits : their pillars three,
and their sockets three. ^^And for
the gate'' of the court shall be an
lianging of twenty cubits, of blue,
and purple, and scarlet, and fine
twined linen, wi'ought with needle-
work : and their pillars shall be four,
and their sockets four. ^'^All the
pillars round about the court shall
be filleted with silver ; their hooks
shall be of silver, and their sockets
of brass. ^'^The length of the court

t; (To take the
blood.)

9 (To put the

burning pieces
,into the fire.)

I (Censers, in
which the priests
took burning
coals from the
altar.)

K (That the ashes
■m iijht faU
through.)

\ (Coming through
the altar frame
& hanging out.)

fi (Upon this grate
the fire burn t
continttally arul
never went out.)

V Ileb., Heshewed.

k Ch. 38, 9.

^ (An enclosure,
open at the top,
surrounding the
tabernacle, made
of posts ami
hangings. Fifty-
e igh I ya rds twelve
inches lo7ig, <!; two
yards two feet
nine inches high,
of liyien well
twisted.)

0 (Distant from
each other five
cubits.)

77 (In each pillar
tens struck a hook
of silver, ami a
border of silver
irirs wrought
about it.)

p (Five cubits
apart, as on the
north and south
sides.)

<T (On either side
of the e?itrance
was a piece hung,
of eight yards
two feet three
inches long and
the same in
height.)

r (Just in the mid-
dle oj' the entrance
was a piece,
twenty cubits
(nearly twelve
yards), of the
same stuff that
the rich curtains
were.)

106

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. f

EXODUS.

/EX. 26, 31.
( 28, 20.

V Hob., fifty hy

^ (To fasten th':ie
hiiH'jiiKja, that
thfi/ miijht notjiy
up in the loirer
end, there were
cords fastened to
I titeut, and these
I conUi tied to bra-
trn pins, which
pins were fasten-
ed in the ground.)

(Intn this court
the people hud en-
trance, as will as
the priests <t the
Levites.)

(Xiit pressed,
Dial which Jtows
out of itself.)

Ileb., to ascend
up. Lc. 24, 2.

Ch. 30, 8. 1 .Sa.
8, 3. 2 Clir. 13,
11.

(Binding in thi:
letter during the
Jewish di.ipensa-
tiott, and now
binding in the
spirit. Christ
came not to de-
■og the law,
t to fulfil it.
II. G.)

(And appoint
■J- 1 to thyself
iinin, dc. Ko-

Kuiinuillcr aud

others.)

Nu. 18, 7. He.

5, 1-4.
( Kndilematiral

of that holiness

and purity which

characterize the
c nature, <t

thi worship which
worthy of

lli,n.)
The plowniftii
.Lis c;od (lutli
islnict him to

(lisirition, and
Inth tracli hint.

Is. 2.S, 2«. Ch.

31,3, and 35, 3U,

31.)

(So wool was to
limn or enter into
th' t'j-ture of the
iients in which
they ministered.
V\v. Bib.)

(.Wxt unto his
jie.sli he had a
coat wrought in
checker work,
which reached
down to the feet,
^h iih were naked.
Th is was girt
about him with a
needle-wrought
girdle of various
colours.)

'J"

shall be an hundred cuLits, and the
breadth fifty" every where, and the
height five cubits o/fine twined linen,
and their sockets of brass.

^'^All the vessels of the tabernacle
in all the service thereof, and all the
pins* thereof, and all the pins of the
court,x s/iall be of brass.

'■^ And thou shalt command the
children of Israel, that they bring thee
pure oil olivc'^ beaten for the light, to
cause the lamp to burn" always.

^^ In the tabernacle of the con-
gregation' without the vail, which is
before the testimony, Aaron and his
sons shall order it fi'om evening to
morning before the Loun : it shall be
a statute for ever* unto their genera-
tions on the behalf of the children of
Israel."

XXVIIL] ^-MSli^r- P3

Directions as to the priestly

yarvii.nls.

ND take^ thou unto thee Aaron"'
thy brother, and his sons with
him, from among the children of Is-
rael, that he may minister unto Me
in the priest's office, even Aaron,
Nadab and Abihu, Eleazar and Itha-
inar, Aaron's sons. '-^And thou shalt
make holy gannents for Aaron thy
brother for glory and for beauty.')'
"^And thou shalt speak unto all that
are wise hearted, whom I have filled
with the spirit of wisdom," that they
may make Aaron's gannents* to con-
secrate him, that he may minister
unto Me in the priest's office. ^And
these* are the garments which they
shall make ; a breastjdate, and an
ephod, and a robe, and a broidered
coat, a mitre, and a girdle : and they
shall make holy garments for Aaron
thy brother, and his sons, that he
may minister luito Me in the priest's
office. ^And they shall take gold,
and blue, and purple, and scarlet,
and fine linen.

''And they shall make the ephod^
of gold, of blue, and of purple, of

scarlet, and fine twined linen, with
cunning work. '' It shall have the
two shoulderpieccs'' thereof joined at
the two edges thereof; and so it shall
be joined together. *^And the curious*
girdle of the ephod, which is upon
it, shall be of the same, according
to the work thereof; even of gold,
(f blue, ;md purple, and scarlet, and
fine twined linen. ^And thou .shalt
take two onyx' stones, and grave on
them the names of the children of
Israel : ^^six of their names on one
stone, and the other six names of the
rest on the other stone, according to
their birth. ^^ With the work of an
engi-aver in stone, like the engravings
of a signet, shalt thou cngi-ave the
two stones with the names of the
children of Israel : thou shalt make
them to be set in ouches" of gold.
^''^And thou shalt put the two stones
upon the shoulders of the ephod for
stones of memorial unto the children
of Israel : and Aaron shall bear their
names before the Loud upon his two
shoulders for a memorial.'^

^^And thou shalt make ouches'* of
gold ; ^*and two chains of pure gold
at the ends ; of wreathen work shalt
thou make them, and fasten the
\\Teathen chains to the ouches.

^■'^ And thou shalt make the breiist-
plate of judgment with cunning"
work : after the work of the ephod
thou shalt make it ; o/gold, o/blue,
and of purple, and of scarlet, and
of fine twined linen, shalt thou
make it. ^*' Foursquare it shall be
being doubled ; a span^ shall be the
length thereof, and a span shall be
the breadth thereof. ^^ And thou
shalt set" in it settings of stones, even
four rows of stones : the first row
shall be a sardius," a topaz, and a
carbuncle :P this shall be the first row.
^^And the second row shall be an
emerald, <^ a sapidiire, and a diamond.
^'••And the third row a ligure,'' an
agate, and an amethyst. ■•^"- And the
fourth row a beryl," and an onyx,*
aud a jasper : they shall be set in

f (A rich fkirt or
apron, reaching
from the breast
to the knees. It
was the upmost
garment of the
high priest, anil
was formed of

fine yarn dyed
blue <t purple A-
scarlet, with every
thrtad of whieJt
was twisted a
thread of gold.)

>) (They went over
the shoulders and
fastened behind.)

0 Or, embroi/lered.
(Th is was a piece
of the same stuff
girding it over the
pops.) Ke. 1, 13.

1 (Thi beryl.)

K (.'Settings of
gold.)

\ (Thus ic?ten the
priest appeared
before t/ie J-t>rd,
Tie bare the charge
of all Israel
upon his shoul-
ders. SeeZc.6,
13, 14.)

fx (Two bosses of
gold, to wh irh the
gold chains that
tied the hrenst-
plate to-ihe ephcKl
were made fast.)

V (Of the same ma-
terials that the
ep/tod were, vii~,
threads of vnri-
otis colours, ant a
thread of gold
ttcisled with
eacji.)

i (Seven or ten
inches.)

o Hob, fill in it
fillings of stone.

w Or, ruby.

p (An emerald.
Gesi'tiius, Ko-
ucuiuiilkT.)

<r (A rarbunele.
UoiM>nmullur,
&c.)

T (An opal. Dc
Wi'tte.)

V (A chrymAHe.
De Wctte.)

(^ (Sardonyx.)

107

EX. 28, 21. t
29, 22. (

\- llch., JtlUnf/s.

v'/ (These, with the
metaU, jiurple , <£•
spices, were ob-
tained throtiijh
the mercaiitile
connections of E-
iiypt with Asia.)

<a (Engraving on
stones teas an art
carried to a high
pitch of perfec-
tion among the
ancient Greeks.)

a (1st, lieuhen, Si-
meon, Levi; ind,
Judith, Issuchar,
Xrlndun ; 3rd,
Dan, Kttphtali,
Olid ; ith, Asher,
Joat'ph, Benja~
min. Sardius,
red; topaz, j)ale
green hut some-
times yellow ; car-
buncle, deep red ;
emerald, green ;
■vipphire, blue;
di'iiiiond, white;
ligiire, deep red ;
agiile, various ;
nmethyst, purple;
beri/l, blueish
green; onyjc,dark
horny ; jasper,
bright green.

II C'lirist is...cn-
tciv(l...iiiti) hea-
ven itself.. .lie.
9, 24.

fi Lights and per-
fections. lAght
anil truth, Gcse-
niiis. Light and
Jiutgment, Baum-
Kavten. Opin-
ions vary as to
what this v^as. It
probably refers
to the character
of the responses
given by Jehovah
through the priest
when, wearing the
breastplate v:ith
tlie names and
girded with the
ephod, he came to
consult God and
(ibliiiit answers.
.losiplius, I'avk-
Imrst, & I.iglit-
fiiot.) Cnnir). cli.
39,8, 21, with I.e.
.S, 8, where they
seem to be nsiil
si/nonymousl)j.
Nu. 27, 21. 'r>(\
.S3, 8. 1 Sa. 28,
(i. Ezr. 2, C3.
Nc. 7, 65.

y (Because the
ephod being pint
over this did gird
it.)

6 (Edged about
n>ith ati edging of
the same stuff
leovin in.)

EXODUS.

gold in tlioii' indosings.x ^i \Y\i\. the
stones''' shall be with the names of
the chiUlvon of Israel, twelve, accord-
ing to their names, like, the engi'av-
ings" of a signet ; every one with
liis name" shall they be according to
the twelve tribes.

^^ And thou shalt make upon the
breastplate chains at the ends of
Avreathen Avork f>/pure gold. ^^And
thou shalt make upon the breastplate
two rings of gold, and shalt put the
two rings on the two ends of the
breastplate. ^^ And thou shalt put
the two wreathen chains of gold in
the two rings which are on the ends
of the breastplate. '^^And the other
two ends of the two wreathen chains
thou shalt fasten in the two ouches,
and put them on the shoulderpieces
of the ephod before it.

^^And thou shalt make two rings
of gold, and thou shalt put them
upon the two ends of the breastplate
in the border thereof, Avhich is in the
side of the ephod inward. 2'' And tAvo
other rings of gold thou shalt make,
and shalt put them on the two sides
of the ephod underneath, toward the
forepart thereof, over against the other
coupling thereof, above the curious
girdle of the ephod. ^^And they
shall bind the breastplate by the
rings thereof unto the rings of the
ephod with a lace of blue, that it
may be above the curious girdle of
the ephod, and that the breastplate
be not loosed from the ephod.

^•' And Aaron shall bear the names
of the children of Israel in the breast-
plate of judgment upon his" heart,
when he goetli in unto the holy j^lace,
for a memorial before the LoitD con-
tinually.

^" And thou shalt put in the breast-
plate of judgment the Urim^ and the
Thummim ; and they shall be upon
Aaron's heart, when he gocth in
before the Lord: and Aaron shall
bear the judgment of the children of
Israel upon his heart before the Loud
continually.

^^ And thou shalt make the robev
of the ephod all o/blue. ^-And there
shall be an hole in the top of it, in
the midst thereof: it shall have a
binding^ of woven work round about
the hole of it, as it were the hole of
an habergeon,^ that it be not rent.
■^■^And beneath upon the hem'' of it
thou shalt make pomegranates of
blue, and of purple, and of scarlet,
round about the hem thereof;^ and
bells of gold between them round
aljout : ^■^a golden bell and a pome-
granate,' a golden bell* and a pome-
granate, upon the hem of the robe
I'ound about. ^'^And it shall be upon
Aaron to minister : and his sound
shall be heard when he goeth in unto
the holy 2)lace before the Lord, and
when he cometh out, that he die not.^

^•^And thou shalt make a plate'^
of pure gold, and grave upon it, like
the engravings of a signet, HOLI-
NESS^TO THE LORD. 37 And
thou shalt put it on a blue lace, that
it may be upon the mitre ;" upon the
forefront of the mitre it shall be.
^''And it shall be upon Aaron's fore-
head, that Aaron may bear*" the ini-
quity of the holy things, which the
children of Israel shall hallow in all
their holy gifts ; and it shall be al-
ways upon his forehead, that they
may be accepted before the Lord,

^'^ And thou shalt embroider the
coat" of fine linen, and thou shalt
make the mitre of fine linen, and
tliou shalt make the girdle'^ of nee-
dlework.

^*^And for Aaron's sons thou shalt
make coats, and thou shalt make for
them gii'dles, and boniuUs slialt thou
make for them, for glory and for
beauty. '*^And thou shalt put them
upon Aaron thy brother, and his sons
with him ; and shalt anoint them,
and consecrateP them, and sanctify
them, that they may minister unto
Me in the priest's office. ^'^ And thou
shalt make them linen" breeches'^ to
cover their nakedness ;'^ from the
loins even unto the thighs they shall

/A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

f (A n ancient piece,
of defensive ar-
mour for the neck
and breast,)

7) Or, skirts.

6 (Ft was one en-
tire long gar-
ment, woven
throughout, 'but
not so lo7ig as the
U7ider coat.)

ifrA^pomum gra-
iiatum. The fruit
is larger than the
go/den pippin, ct'
very beautiful in
its form.)

K (Alternately.)

K (Intimating that
without stick an-
tiouncement his
approach tvould
be regarded as an
unceremonious &
disrespectful in-
trusion.VicBih.)

^ S'2 tsits. Lit.,
a flower, if' called,
ch.39,G, "1J5 nc-
zcr, a crown. A
gold wreath that
went round the
forehead.) See
Zee. 14, 20.

V (A cap covering
half the head,
made of linen

f.hl,il,n„lsr,r,,l,
ir'ill, nunlli, r piece
of lim a ooa-ml-
iiig the seams, &
terminating
above in a golden
cup.)

f (In a vicarious
and typical man-
ner.)

0 (A robe fastened
at the neck, and
reach ing to the
ancles.)

n (A sash three
flitgers broad,
voiniil many
tiini's round the
body.)

p 11 eb., fdl their
hand.

o Thoy shall

not K'l'il tliem-
sclvi's with aiiy-
tliiiif^ that caiis-
cth sweat. Ezc.
44, 18.

<r (Drawers fos-

t,i„,i ni'iiid the
/„:„.. ,/,s.;,„/i„.;
to the kilirs.)

T Hob., flesh of
their nakedness.

108

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. f

^ Ilcb., be.

X (Without t/ir.«,-
rohrs no prir-.st
might officiate.)

iff (Five ohserv-
ancta ore nrcn-
aarij to all con.ir-
cratimis of a soul
to i;<Hl—'oittu-anl
(letl'calinii, vo.4;
mitrranl holinr.tSj
inwaril hnliiim.i,
vo. 6 and 6 ; tli^
povrro/thr Hohj
.Spirit, VI'. 7; ami
the blood of
Christ, ve. 10—
17.)

u ...For tlie sin
rt'oriiig....Le. 8,

a (ft read of any

■'■)
P (IVr/orated.)

y (A n exceediiiij
thin cake.)

p Let us draw

noar liavinj;

niirlieiirt.ssprin-
klc<l from an
evil conscience,
and our biHlies
washed witli
\n\Tv water. }le.
10, 22. (."li. 40,
12. Le. «, 6.

j (Anointing ap-
pears to hare been
iiaeilas emhlitnii-
lieat oj a parli-
rular sanctifira-
lion. Ki'tto's

f'/e.) Cll. 28,
41, and .30, 25.
Le. 8, 12; and
l'>, 7: and 21,
10. Nu. 35. 25.
I's. laj. Is. 61.
1.

e Hob., hind.

7 ...I liave (,'iven
yo\ir iimst's of-
fice tnifo yon as
a service ol^ri ft:
and tliestran^rer
tliat Cometh
ni^h sliall be
)Mit to death.
Nn. 18, 7.

^ 11 eb., /// the
howl „/.

r...The lawnink-
etli men lligli
Priests wliicb
have infinnity :
bnt the woni of
the oath (I's.cx.)
wliicli was since
the law, (niak-
eth) the 8on,
wlio is conse-
crated for ever-
more. He. 7, 28.

EXODUS.

reach :* ^'' and tliov sliall be u])()n
Aaron, and iijjoii his sons, when ihey
eonic in nnlo the tahernaeh; ot' the
eonjii^regalion, or when they eoine
near nnto the aUar to niinisterx in
the holy^;/«r('; that they bear not
iuitinity, and die : it shall be a sta-
tute for ever unto him and his seed
after hiiu."

WTv n A.M. a^isa. B.C. 160S. rO'l

The consecration, the tiailii sacri-
Jice, and the altar of incense.

" AND this h the tliinj? that thou
shalt do unto them to haUow them,
to minister unto Me in the ])riest's
othee :"^ Take one younj^ buUock,"
and two rams without bU-mish, 'and
unleavened* bread, and cakes^ un-
h'aveued tempered with oil, and wa-
fersY unleavened anointed with oil :
iif wheaten flour shalt thou make
them. ^And thou shalt put them
into one basket, and bring" them in
the basket, with the bullock and the
two rams,

^ And Aaron and his sons thou
shalt brings: unto the door of the talx'r-
nacle of the congregation, and shalt
wash'' them with water. ^^Vnd thou
shalt take the garments, and put
upon Aaron the coat, and the robe
of the ephod, and the ei)hod, and
the breastplate, and gird him with
the curious girdle of the ephod: ^and
thou shalt put the miti-e upon his
head, and put the holy crown upon
the mitre. ^ Then shalt thou take
the anointing oil,^ and pour it upon
his head, and anoint him. ^And
thou shalt bring his sons, and put
coats upon them. ''And thou shalt
gird them with girdles, Aaron and liis
sons, and put* the bonnets on them :
and the priest's office shall be their's
for a perpetual statute :'' and thou
shalt consecrate^ Aaron and his sons.''

^^And thou shalt cause a bullock
to be brought before the tabernacle
of the congregation : and Aaron and
his sons shall put their hands ii])on
the head of the biUloek. "And thou

shalt kill the bullock before the Loud,
l>// tlie door of tlic tabernacle of the
congregation. '-'And thou sluilt take
of the blood of the bullock, and j)ut
it upon the horns of the altar with
thy finger, and pour all the blood
beside the bottom of the all.ir. ^'^ And
tlum shalt take all the fat that cover-
eth the inwards, and the caul'' t/iat
is above the liver, and the two kid-
neys, and the fat that is upon them,
and btu-n //;('//; upon the altar. ^'* But
the flesh of the bullock, and his skin,
and his dung, shalt thou burn with
fire without the camp i' it is a sin
ofl'eriug.

'^'JMiou shalt also take one ram;
and Aaron and his sons shall })ut
their hands upon the head of the ram.*
'^And thou shalt slay the ram, and
thou shalt take his blood, and sprinkle
it round about upon the altar. *^And
thou shalt cut the ram in pieces, and
wash the inwards of him, and his
legs, and put t/iein unto his pieces,
and unto' his head. ''^And thou
shalt burn the whole ram upon the
altar : it is a burnt offering unto the
Ijori) : it is a sweet savour,"* an oft'er-
ing made by fire unto the Loud.

'^And tliou shalt take the other
ram; and Aaron and his sons shall
put their hands upon the head of the
ram. ''^'^Then shalt thou kill the ram,
and take of his blood, and put it upon
the tip of the right ear of Aaron,
and upon the tip of the right ear^ of
his sons, and upon the thumb of their
right hand, and upon the great toe
of their right foot, and sprinkle the
blotxl upon the altar round about.
^' And thou shalt take of the blorjd
that is upon tin; altar, and of the
anointing oil, and s])rinkle // upon
Aaron, and upon his gannents,^ and
upon his sons, and u])on the gar-
ments of his sons with him : and he
shall be hallowed, and his gannents,
and his sons, and his sons' garments
with him.'

^■^Also thou shalt take of the ram
the fat and the rmnp,'* and the fat

J EX. 28, 21.
\ 29, 22.

r) It seemelh bi)
atuitinny, ami the
Jfebrew doctor H,
til lie the m'ulriff.
( The ijreat lulie
of the. liver ; it
miijht he rendi rejl
the lolie over the
liver: omentnni
niinns liei>ntic(>-
tfastrlcnni. (Je-
Kenins. bee also
Itocliart, Ilier.,
vol. i., p. 498.)

s The bodies

of these Iteasts,
whose hliMxl is
bn)nj;lit into the
snnctnary llythe
lIiKh I'riest for
sin, arc Imnied
without the
camp. llx:. 13,
11.

0 Verses 10, 19.
(The phrase,
layiwj OH of
hands, in that
oh.scitrc passaye,
lie. 6, 2, appears
to refer to this
cerenujny. II. U.)

t Or, upon.

K (Taste or relish,
from the FrmcJi
saveur, metapho-
rically, to relish
in mind. Cotton.)
Ge. 8, 21.

A (Indicating that
the jmicers of the
inlelleel, the ener-
gies of the Ixxly,
»(■ all the actions,
should he devoted
to Ood. Towns-
end.)

/ Almost all

tliinps are by
tlie law pnrp'd
with IiIimhI ; and
without shed-
ding of bliMHl is
no ivniission.
He. 9, 22. (Even
the priests them-
selves.)

fi (T%e trnrd here
rendered rump
denotes t?te fat
tail of a certain
breed of oriental
sheep, trh icJi is
Saul to tceigh
from twelve in
ttceiity jiotnids It
is soni' limes laid
on a tittle cart
irilb two wheels,
which the sheep
drags after it.
Uescnliis.)

109

EX. 29, 23. 1
30, 21. j

fi (ImUcatin^ the
iniranl lio'lhuss
ilimnnilnl of thr
ii-orshipper — t?ii-
xncrijice of the
luxury, thr incoii-
tiiiftict owl anycr
of thf soul.
'i'ownscud.)

' (Jlam of fiUin/]
up: filM u-ilk
th'- off' rimj which
he prtsentcd to
God.)

^ Or, sJtake to and
fro.

0 (Mnses was now
to Aaron and A/.v
sons what the//
were afterwards
to the children of
Israel. Clarke.)

n (Moses on thii
occasion receivc('
them. The// of
terwards hecnmi
the portion of the
priests.)

p (Teaching the
priests how, with
all their heart <1"
all tlieir strength,
the// should give
themselves unto
the service of the
Lord. Aius-

worth.)

cr Ileb., he of his
sous. Nu. 20, 2S.

T (To shew tltat
the same ohliya-
tioits devolved on
him.)

u Le. 8, 31.

V Le. 10, 17.

V (Being a pecu-
liar consecration,
in order to <juii-
lify a person to
offer sacrijire Jor
sin, like Ilia t great
sacrijice, the pas-
chal lamb, that
typified the atone-
ment m/ide hy
Christ. Clarke.)

<^ (It is likely that
on each day pre-
viously to the
consecration ser-
vice, the altar was
wiped clean, and
the former day's
ashes, &c., re-
mooed. Clarke.)

EXODUS.

that covereth the inwards, and the
caul alove the liver, and the two
kidneys,'^ and the fat that is upon
them, and the right shoulder : for it
is a ram of consecration:" ^'^and one
loaf of bread, and one cake of oiled
bread, and one wafer out of the basket
of the unleavened bread that is before
the Lord : ^^and thou shalt put all
in the hands of Aaron, and in the
hands of his sons ; and shalt w^ave^
them /or a wave offering before the
Lord. ^^And thou° shalt receive
them of their hands, and burn them
upon the altar for a burnt offering,
for a sweet savom* before the Lord :
it is an offering made by fire unto
the Lord.

2*^ And thou shalt take the breast
of the ram of Aaron's consecration,
and wave it for a wave offering be-
fore the Lord : and it shall be thy
part,'^ ^'' And thou shalt sanctify the
breast of the wave offering, and the
shoulder of the heave offering, which
is waved, and which is heaved up,
of the ram of the consecration, even
of that which is for Aaron, and of
that which is for his sons : ^^and it
shall be Aaron'sP and his sons by a
statute for ever from the children of
Isi*ael : for it is an heave offering :
and it shall be an heave offering from
tlie children of Israel of the sacrifice
of their peace offerings, even their
lieaA^e offering unto the Lord.

^ And the holy garments of Aaron
shall be his sons' after him, to be
anointed therein, and to be conse-
crated in them. ^ And that son""
that is priest in his stead shall puf
thcin on seven days, when he cometh
into the tabernacle of the congrega-
tion to minister in the holy place.

^^ And thou shalt take the ram
of the consecration, and seethe" his
flesh in the holy place. •"^'-^ And Aaron
and his sons shall cat the flesh of the
ram, and the brt^ad that is in the
basket, by the door of the tabernacle
of the congi'egation. '^•^And they
shall eat those things wherewith the

atonement was made, to consecrate
and to sanctify" them : but a stranger
shall not eat thereof, because they
are holy. ^■^And if ought of the
flesh of the consecrations, or of the
bread, remain unto the morning, then
thou shalt burn the remainder with
fire : it shall not be eaten, because
it is holy."

2^ And thus shalt thou do unto
Aaron, and to his sons, according to
all things which I have commanded
thee : seven days shalt thou conse-
crate them. ^*^And thou shalt offer
every day a bullock for a sin offer-
ing for atonement : and thou shalt
cleanse"^ the altar, when thou hast
made an atonement for it, and thou
shalt anoint it, to sanctify it. ^'' Seven
days thou shalt make an atonement
for the altar, and sanctify it ; and it
shall be an altar most holy : whatso-
ever touch ethx the altar shall be holy.

^^Now this is that which thou
shalt offer upon the altar : two lambs
of the first year day by day continu-
ally.''' 39 The one' lamb thou shalt
offer in the morning ; and the other
lamb thou shalt offer at even:'" "^^and
with the one lamb a tenth deal" of
flour mingled with the fourth part of
an hin* of beaten^ oil ; and the foiu-th
part of an hin of wine for a drink
offering. ^^ And the other lamb thou
shalt offer at even, and shalt do
thereto according to the meat offering
of the morning, and according to the
drink offering thereof, for a sweet
savour, an offering-^ made by fire
unto the Lord.

■*- This shall be a continual'^' burnt
offering throughout j^our generations
at the door of the tabernacle of the
congregation before the Lord : where
I will meefy you, to speak there unto
thee. ■*^And there I will meet with
the children of Israel, and the ta-
bernacle^ shall be sanctified by ]\ly
glory." ^^And I will sanctify the
tabernacle of the congregation, and
the altar : I Avill sanctify also both
Aaron and his sons, to minister to

i A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

X (Whatever toas
III ill on the altar
been me the Lord's
properly.
Clarke.) Ch.30,
29. Mat. 23, 19.

i// (These morning
a )id evening daily
sacrijices were
offered from the
time of their set-
tlement in the
2>ronused Innd to
the destruction of
Jerusalem hy the
i?o»irt«A-(C larke),
with the inter-
rnption of the
captivity and the
de.iee.ration of
Antiochus.W.G.)

w Da. 9, 27, and
12, 11.

&) (A part or por-
tion. Most un-
derstand this as
the tenth part of
an ephah, which
was an omer. The
omer contained
about three
quarts.)

a (A hin was the
sixthof iineiihah,
and eiinUiiiiedone
gallon two pints.)

/3 (According to
Rabbi Solomon,
it was such an oil
as is extracted
from olives by
pounding them in
a mortar, Ge-
seuius.)

X Let my prayer
lie set fortli be-
f(ire Tliec as in-
cense, and the
lifting up of my
hands as the
evening sacri-
fice. r.s. 141, 2.
Da. 9, 21.

y By (the little
horn) the daily
sacrifice was
taken away, and
the places of His
sanctuary was
cast down. ..Da.
8,11.

■y (Ood communes
irilli the jini/ier-
fiil: Jlesiiiniifies

'l/i. .mollis that seek
I Urn.)

6 Or, Israel.

z II.ag. 2, 7. Mai.
3, 1.

110

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. i

■ I l..'.'>2, f), IG.
'. .Im... 11, 23.

EXODUS.

/7/<! aeticut,
' )i tons pl'iiti-
iit the denert.)

1 1 III: foot nine
rh.s.)

I) Ileb., roof.
6 Ili'b., walli.

I (StnpUs.)
K Heb., ribs.

A (Helween the
CdiuUfjttick ntid
the table, fitbj
tfiu-hing that it
in the iiwfiixe of
pnuftr that snnC'
liri'S both our
.1/iiriliial food,
.liijiiifirtl by the
li'jliti>J't}it l/tmps,
unit our bodily

J'lxul by thr loaves.
Lightfoot.)

/x (J hanging, lilce
Ihf vnil within, of
tlf same dimen-
siiiii.i ami the
siiiiif. vinterial.i,
uroiir/ht with the
nrtdi^.)

V Heb., intense
nr'.sjiio's. 1 .Sft.2,
2S. 1 Chr. 23, 13.
l.u. 1, 9.

f Or, settfth up.
lli-b., causeth to
ascfnd,

o Ilrb., betineen
th' two evens. Ch.
12, 6.

tr Nailab ami

Aliihii ... offend
stnuiKe fire !«-
fun- the Lord,
whirli He cinii-
iii.imlcd tliom

iii't and they

died. Le. 10, I.

p (On the tenth
d/iy of the Si VI nth
m>nlh.) he. 16,
18. and 2.% 27.
lie. 9, 7—14.

Mo in tlio priest's office." ^''And I
will dwell aiHoiif^ the children of Is-
rael, and will be their Giod.* '^''And
they shall kiimv that I am the Loud
their (Jod, that hrouj^jht them forth
out of the land of Ep;yi)t, that I may
dwell among them : 1 am the Lord
their (Jod.

^^,^^r -1 ^ And thou shalt make
'^"*""*-*J an altar to burn incense
upon : of shittim* wood shalt thon
make it. ^A cid)it^ shall be the lenjrth
thereof, and a cubit the breadth there-
of; foursquare shall it be : and two
cubits s/iall be the heig-ht thereof:
the horns thereof shall be of the same.
■'And thou shalt overlay it with pure
jrold, the top'' thereof, and the sides"
thereof round about, and the liorns
thereof; and thou shalt make unto it
a crown of jiold round about. *And
two gcdden rings' shalt thou make to
it under the crown of it, by the two
corners" thereof, upon the two sides
of it shalt thou make it; and they
shall be for places for the staves to
bear it withal. ^And thou shalt
make the staves o/shittim wood, and
overlay them with gold. ''And thou
shalt put/^ it before the vail*^ that is
by the ark of the testimony, before
the mercy seat that is over the testi-
mony, where I will meet with thee.

'^And Aaron shall burn thereon
sweet" incense every morning : when
he dresseth the lamps, he shall burn
incense upon it. ''And when Aaron
lighteth^ the lamps at even," he shall
burn incense upon it, a perpetual in-
cense before the Lokd throughout
your generations,

^Ye shall olVer no strange" incense
thereon, nor burnt sacrifice, nor meat
ottering ; neither shall ye pour driiiJv
ottering thereon.

^•^And Aaron shall make an atone-
ment upon the horn.s of it once in
a year with the blood of the sin
otfering of atonements : once in the
year shall he make atonement upon
it throughout your generations : it /*•
most holv unto the Luuu."

AM. .S83."i. n.o. 1008. .Mocnt Sinai. Tq,-:
The annual ransom, the lavir, the holy oil, [_'-'<-'
and the perfumes.

^^AND the Lord spake unto Mo-
ses, saying, ^'"^" When thou takest the
sum of the children of Israel after
their number,'^ then shall they give
every man a ransom for his soul'' unto
the Loud, when thou numberest
them ; that there be no plague'' a-
mong them, when tliou numberest
them. ^•^This they shall give, every
one that passeth among them that are
numbered, half a shekel" after the
shekel of the sanctuary : (a shekel is
twenty gerahs :) an half shekel shall
be the otfering of the Lord. ^^Lvery
one that passeth among them that
are numbered, from twenty years old
and above, shall give an ottering''
unto the Lord. *^The rich shall
not give more,''' and the poor shall
not give lessx than half a shekel,
when they give an ofi'ering unto the
Lord, to make an atonement for your
souls.*' ^^And thou shalt take the
atonement money of the children of
Israel, and shalt appoint it for the
service"^ of the tabernacle of the con-
gregation : that it may be a memo-
rial unto the children of Israel before
the Loud, to make an atonement for/
yom- souls."

^^And the Lord spake unto Closes,
saying, ^^"Thou shalt also make a
laveri' of brass, and his foot" also of
brass, to wash loithal : and thou shalt
put it between the tabernacle of the
congregation and the altar, and thou
shalt put Avatcr" therein. '^ For
Aaron and his sons shall wash their
hands and their feet thereat : '^*'when
they go into the tabernacle of the
congregation, they shall wash with
water, that they die'' not ; or when
they come near' to the altar to minis-
ter, to burn offering made by fire unto
the Lord : '^^ so they shall wash their
hands and their feet, that they die
not : and it shall be a statute for ever
to them, even to him and to liis .^eed
throughout their generations."

fEX. 29, 23.
\ 30, 21.

(T Hfb., them that
are to be num-
ber td.

T (His life.)

c Rafan gt/iod up
aKuinKt Isniel,
mill ))r<ivijke<l
David tciiuunlHT
Israel. ..aii<l(;iKl
was displeasttd
....therefore He
smote Israel.
1 CUr. 21, 1, 7.

v(A shelcel is equal
to about 2j». 4</.
The half shekel
was called a
bekah.)

(/...Ye know that
ye were not re-
deemed witlieor-
nijitible fbiii'^'s,
as silver <V.-Kold,
....but with the
precious blood of
Christ.. .1 I'e. 1,
18.

lleb., multiply.

X Heb., diminish.

e The rich an<l
poor meet to-je-
thcr: the I.oud
is the milker of
them all. I'r.
22, 2.

1^ (It tras so used,
see cli. ,38, 2.'),
and WHS thus ul-
timately devnlid
to th'- use dprqril
of tliose who gave
it.)

f They that tnist
in their wealth,
and boast them-
selves in the
multitude of
their riches;
none of them can
by any means
n'deem his bro-
ther, nortrive to
(Jod a ransom
for him. I's. 4!l,
7,8.

// Solomon made

ten liivers

1 Ki. 7, 38.

u (Hose.)

0 ( That the priests
viiijht wa.th when
they vent al/out
the srrvire of the
tali'rnncU, and
that they might
wash some part
of the .sacrifices.
LightfooL)

A Tb. 26, 6.

1 Ho. 10, 22. Ch.
37, 11.

Ill

EX. 30, 22. 1
32, 13. i

/3 The swoot

cam', from a far
country (ludin).
Ca. 4, 14. Is. 4.),
24. Kzc. 27, 19.
(The calamus
aroinaticus,
which yields the
frnyrnut grass
oil of Ctntral
India.)

y (Kiddah. Pro-
bably not the in»-
drrn cassia, but
some nronuttic
substance from
Asia.) Eze. 27,
19.

S ( One gallon two
pints.)

e Or, perfumer.

k 1 Jno. 2, 20, 27.

•y (This clearly
eiiiniyh intimates
that the Israelites
were even thus
early in the habit
of applying fra-
grant oils to their
persons. Pic.
IJib.)

5 (TTie JineM kind
of myrrh. Some
Jewish commen-
tators consider it
opobalsam ;
others, storax.)

e (The unguis
odoriferans, the
shell of a species
of muscle, v;hich,
when burned,
prodtices a rich
scent. Gesenius,
and so the Jewish
interpreters.)

S (A gum resin,
the produce of a
species of buhon.)

rj (Bather, sweet
scj-nti'd. i/nlhinium,

thrrr 'h,i„,l l,i;i

l;:„.ls. I)r Wctfc.

// >r,l,: Ihi llistom

1.,,11,,.,-iln t/neks

„mi /■:,i,ii,i;,ii,sto

mi.r it iritk the
most fragrant
substances knmiin.
K.\tto'nCyo. Gal-
banum in tlie pre-
sent day is im-
ported from the
Levant. The

adiiur Is Slrn„g
and balsamic, but
disagreeable in
ta.ile, warm, ami
bitter.)

EXODUS.

^-^Nlorcover the Lord spako unto
Moses, saying, '^^^^Takc thou also
unto thoe principal spices, of pure
myrrh five hundred s/w/cels, and of
sweet cinnamon half so much, eirn
two hundred and fifty s/ickels., and of
sweet calamus^ two hundred and fifty
shelx'ls, ^^and of cassiav five hundred
shekels^ after the shekel of the sanc-
tuary, and of oil olive an hin :^ -^and
thou shalt make it an oil of holy oint-
ment, an ointment compound after
the art of the apothecary :* it shall
be an holy anointing oil. ^^And
thou shalt anoint the tabernacle of
the congregation therewith, and the
ark of the testimony, '^'and the table
and all his A-essels, and the candle-
stick and his vessels, and the altar of
incense, ^'^ and the altar of burnt offer-
ing with all his vessels, and the laver
and his foot. ^^ And thou shalt sanc-
tify them, that they may be most
holy : whatsoever toucheth them shall
be holy.

^*^ And thou shalt anoint Aaron and
his sons, and consecrate^' them, that
iJiey may minister unto Me iu the
priest's office.

^^And thou shalt speak unto the
cliildren of Israel, saying, ' This
shall be an holy anointing oil unto
Me throughout your generations.'
^^Upon man's fleshv shall it not be
poured, neither shall ye make auT/
other like it, after the composition of
it : it is holy, a7id it shall be holy
unto you. -"^AVhosoever coinpound-
etli miif like it, or whosoever ]uitteth
a???/ of it upon a stranger, shall even
be cut ott" from his people."

•''■^And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Take unto thee sweet spices, stacte,*
and onycha,* and galbanum ;^ thcse'^
sweet spices with pure frankincense :^
of each shall there be a like ivei/fJd :
''^and thou shalt make it a perfume,
a confection after the art of the apo-
thecary, tempered' together, pure and
holy : ^'^and thou shalt beat some of
it very small, and put of it before

the testimony in the tabernacle of
the congregation, where I will meet
with thee : it shall be luito you most
holy. ^''And as for the perfume
which thou shalt make, ye shall not
make to yourselves according to the
composition thereof: it shall be unto
thee holy for the Lord. ^'^AVhoso-
ever shall make like unto that, to
smell thereto, shall even be cut oft"
from his people."

\^VYT "1 A.M..'i833. B.C. 1608. \ on

J\.j\.J\.L.j Mount Sinai. |_'^'-'

The appointment of Bezaleel and
Ahuliab.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^"See, I have called by
name liezaleel the son of Uri, the
son of llur, of the tribe of Judah :
^and I have filled" him with the spirit
of God, in wisdom, and in under-
standing, and in knowledge, and in
all manner of workmanship, *to de-
vise cunning works, to work in gold,
and in silver, and in brass,'^ ^and in
cutting of stones, to set i/<e;», and
in carving of timber, to work in all
manner of workmanship. "^And I,
behold, I have given with him Aho-
liab, the son of Ahisamach, of the
tribe of Dan : and in the hearts of
all'^ that are wise hearted I have put
wisdom, that they may make all that
I have commanded thee ; '' the taber-
nacle of the congregation, and the
ark of the testimony, and the mercy
seat that is thereupon, and all the
furniture" of the tabernacle, ^and the
table and his furniture, and the pure
candlestick with all his furniture, and
the altar of incense, ^and the altar
of burnt offering with all his fur-
niture, and the laver and his foot,
'"and the cloths of service, and the
holy garments for Aaron the priest,
and the garments of his sons, to
minister in the priest's office, ^'and
the anointing oil, and sweet incense,
for the holy place: according to all
that I have commanded thee shall
they do."

r A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

B (An article of
fari.ign & distant
commerce, known
very early, pro-
bably of a resin-
ous nature and
very fragrant.
It cannot at pre-
sent be indiaited
with decisiveness
the species oj tree
by which it was
afforded.)

I Ileh., salted. Le.
2, 13. So Ro-
scnmiiller, Ge-
senius, and De
Wutte.

K (God claims as
I/is own — «.s' His
gift, the tvisdom
wh ich He had
put into them,
whereby they had
been ena tiled to
acquire that mas-
ter skill in the
arts which they
were now required
to exercise in His
service. Kitto.)

A. (History and

experience corro-
borate the state-
ments of Moses
viith regard to
the early i(: j>rior
use of gold, sil-
ver, and copper,
as the luord brass
should in most
cases be render-
ed.)

ju. (Seeing the He-
brews had been
much employed
in the service of
the Egyptians,
there is no reason
to dfuibt that
many of them had
been taught the
above-77ientioned
arts. Pic. Bib.)

V Hub., vessels.

112

A.M. 3833. 1

B.C. 1608. ;

il'/ifn the sr-
'fi <la>i tens
liiiiilli/ iiisti-
■ ■ ./, nnthiiKj
:■' u^a.^ fujttifirtt
//<in Uiiiii thill
shuultl fstenn
sfvrnth dill/
<'d & snncti-
■'. Ge. 2, 2.
11' '■/I thf prrcrpt
■< aftencnrds
rired tn the
.! s, Ex. 20, 4,
,' .- .fvrnlh day i,<
.Ill/led a sahlntth,
iiiiit thf. idra o/
r'.v/ from Inlmur
swallows upn'eri/
other consUlera-
lion d- enijroiuies
thf comnuind-
ni'itt, rest hm-ing
uoir become a rt-
lie/' necessary tn
follen man, con-
demned to eat
hrend in the
Siri-nl of hit face.
ThnMijh the siih-
Ixith then, in all
ita strictness, teas
a ritual inntitu-
tion — "rt sif/n*^
b^tireenAlmiyht;/
Cnil and the'chi'l-
dren of Israel —
the outicard ex-
pression of their
siil'Tn issimi to 1/is
authority, yet it
iTdA- for the sake
of the worshipper
himself, that the
honour was com-
tn/jnded to be
paid.)

s Ileb., holiness.

I The tables

(were) the work
• •f (i(«l, and the
writing (was; the
writing of tiod,
craven upon the
tallies. Ch.32, 16.

o (/n merry, God
placed before the
eye of man that
which by sin had
been olililerated
from his soul.
Clarke.)

IT (In a tumultu-
ous manner.)

p (They viiglit
have svpi>osed
that Moses had
perished in the
Jire, which no
doubt still in-
fe..iled the moun-
tain.)

c (It seems proba-
ble that Aaron
hcped that his re-
quiring this sa-
crijiee would
clieck their impe-
tuosity.)

EXODUS.

^■^ And the L(M;i) spake unto Most^s,
saving, ^"'"SjH'ak thou also unto tlie
c'liildrt'n of Israel, savin*;, Verily iMy
sabbaths^ ye shall keep: for it /*• a
sign between Mo and you through-
out your generations ; that ye may
know that I am the Loud that doth
sanctify you. *"* Ye shall keep the
sabbatli therefore ; for it is holy unto
you : every one that defileth it shall
surely be put to death : for whoso-
ever doeth ani/ work therein, that
soul shall be cut oti" from among his
people. ^'^Six days may W(n-k be
done ; but in the seventh is the sab-
bath of rest, holy* to the liORO : who-
soever doeth an>/ work in the sabbath
day, he shall sm-ely be put to death.
"'Wherefore the children of Israel
shall keep the sabbath, to observe
the sabbath throughout your genera-
tions, yj)/' a perpetual covenant. ^^It
is a sign between Me and the children
of Israel for ever: for in six days the
Lord made lieaven and earth, and
on the seventh day lie rested, and
was refi-eshed."

'''And Tie gave unto Closes, when
He had made an end of communing
with him upon mount Sinai, two
tables of testimony, tables of stone,
written' with the tiuger° of God.

XXXIL] ^-^

.aSXi. B.C. 1G08.

The Israelit's break their cove-
nant with God.

[97

AND when the people saw that
Moses delayed to come down
out of the mount, the peojde gathered
themselves together*^ unto Aaron, and
said unto him, " L' p, make us god.s,
wliieh shall go before us ; for os for
this Moses, the man that brought us
up out of the land of Egypt, we wot
not what is become of him."P

^ And Aaron said unto them,
" Break'' oft' the golden earrings,
which are in the ears of your wives,
of yoiu- sons, and of your daughters,
and bring t//<'m mito me."

^And all the peo]»le brake oft' the

goMen earrings which ivere in tlittir
ears, and Ijrought ihrni unto Aaron,
' And h(^ received l/ion at their hand,
and fashioned it with a graving tool,
after lie had made it a molten calf:''
and they said, " These be thy gods,
() Israel, which brought thee up out
of the land of Egypt."

^And when Aaron saw //," he built
an altar before it ; and Aaron made
proclamation, and said, "To-morrow
is a feast to the Loud.''*

''And tliey rose up early on the
morrow, and oft'ered burnt oft'erings,
and brought peace oft'erings ; and the
l)eo])le sat down to eat and to drink,
and rose ixp to play.x

^And the Lord said unto Moses,
"CJo, get thee down ; for thy people,
which thou broughtest out of the lantl
of I'^gypt, have corrupted thoiise/ves:'"
*'they have turned aside quickly out
of the way which I commanded them:
they have made them a molten calf,"
and have worshipped it, and have
sacrificed thereunto, and said, These
be thy gods, 0 Israel, which have
1)rouglit thee np out of the land of
Egypt."

"And the Lord said unto Moses,
" I have seen this people, and, be-
hold, his a stift'necked people : '"^now
therefore let ^le alone, that My wrath
may wax hot against them, and that
I may consume them : and I will
make of thee a great nation.''"

''And Moses besought the Lord"'''
his God, and said, "Lord, why doth
Thy wrath wax hot against Thy peo-
ple, which Thou hast brought forth
out of the land of ICgyjtt with great
power, and with a mighty hand ?
'■- AVherefore should the Egyptians
Klieak, and say. For mischief/' did
lie bring them out, to slay them in
the mountains, and to consume them
from the face of the earth? Turn
from Thy tierce wrath, and repent of
this evil against Thy jx'ople. '''Ke-
niember Abraham, Isaac, and Israel,
Thy servants, to whom Thou swear-

J EX. 30, 22.
1 32, 13.

T (At the time
of the dr/Mirture
of the Isiaeliles
from Kgypt, this
may hare been
the Mnb^h of
their neighlneurs,
for that iihd was
figured with the
head of a calf. A
similar divinity
Mimged to th
earliest Imlian,
Greek, and even
Seandinaviau my
thologies, and
therefore it may
be conceived that
the symbol, en-
during even to
this day, was at
that period gene-
rally understood
by the multitude,
and consequently
that it was re-
vived by Jero-
l/oam without po-
pular opposition.
Col. H. Smith.)

u (Not the calf,
but the general
enthusiasm if the
people.)

if) (Jehovah.)

X (Herodotus, W.,
(K>, and iii, 27,
shews that such
playing was cus-
tomary with many
religious rites a-
mong the Egyp-
tians, especially
in connection with
the worsh ip of
Apis. F. U.)

m Ye saw no

inuiiner of siini-
litiideon thedav
that the Lord
spake unto you
in iloreli out of
the inid.st of the
fire. De. 4, 15.

" ...fJerohoaDi)
took counsel and
made two calves
of pild, and said,

Beh.ild Ihv

puis, O Israel,
which hrou(,'lit
tliii' up out of
111.' laud <.f K-
t'> i>t. 1 Ki. 12.
lis.

(> ...Mightier and
greater than
tliey...De.9, 14.

<// Ileh., the face
of the fyrrd.

p ...Hecftuse the
l.oril was not
alile t'l bring
thiin into the
land which lie
proinise<l them,
and U-cause lie

hated them

1 le. It, 28.

113

EX. 32, 14. 7
33, 19. J

EXODUS.

\ A.M. 3833.
L B.C. 1608.

10 (niiile this
pU-(uliiif/ tciUi
GotlpUices Moses
in a vfri/ noble. <t'
nmiuhlv light, it
shews also the
power of prayer.
See olso the case
of Abraham. Ge.
18, 23.)

a (Spoken after the
manner of men,
who,having form-
ed a pu rpose, per-
mit thenuelces to
be diverted from
it hy strong ami
forcihle reasons.
Clarke.)

/3 (The earliest no-
tices we have of
icriting shew that
stone was the
first substance
made use of.)

y (Joshua Judges
as a soldier, not
having had the
same information
as Moses.)

S Heb., weMJcness.

q I took the two
tables, .and cast
them out of my
two li.inds, and
brake them be-
fore your eyes.
De. 9, 17.

e ...And stamped

it Dc. 9, 21.

(Beat it into thin
lamina;.)

r Even till it was
as small as dust.
De. 9, 21.

s Cast the dust
thereof into the
brook tliat de-
scended out of
the mount. De.
9,21.

t Abimclech said
unto Abraham
...what have I
offended thee
that thou hast
brought on me
and on my kinf<-
dom a threat sin?
...Gc. 20, 9.

^ (Aaron was ap-
parently of a ti-
mid <fr vacillating
character.)

Yj (Make ns a god
who shall go he-
fore us; and so
ve. 1. Rosen-
miiller and
others.)

est by Thine own Self, and saidst
unto them, I will midtiply your seed
as the stars of heaven, and all this
land that I have spoken of will I
give nnto your seed, and they shall
inherit it for ever.""

^''And the Lokd repented" of the
evil which He thought to do unto
His people.

■'^And Moses tmnicd, and went
down from the mount, and the two
tables of the testimony were in his
hand : the tables were written on
both their sides ; on the one side
and on the other were they written.
^^And the tables ivere the work of
God, and the writing was the writing
of God, graven^ upon the tables.

^'' And when Joshua heard the noise
of the people as they shouted, he said
unto Moses, " The7'e is a noise of war
in the camp."')'

^^ And he said, "7^ is not the voice
of thejn that shout for mastery, nei-
ther is it the voice of them that cry
for being overcome :^ but the noise
of them that sing do I hear."

^^And it came to pass, as soon as
he came nigh unto the camp, that
he saw the calf, and the dancing :
and Moses' anger waxed hot, and
he cast the tables out of his hands,
and brake them beneath the mount.?
^"And he took the calf which they
had made, and burnt it in the fire,^
and ground it to powder,'' and strawed
it upon the water, and made the chil-
dren of Israel drink* of it.

^^ And Moses said nnto Aaron,
"What did' this people xmto thee,
that thou hast brought so gi'eat a sin
upon them ?"

'"'-And Aaron said, " Let not the
anger of my lord wax hot : thou
knowest the people,^ that they a?v'
set on mischief. ^^ For they said
unto me. Make us gods,'' which
shall go before us : for as for this
Moses, the man that brought us up
out of the land of Egj^pt, we wot not
what is become of him. ^i^^nd I said

unto them. Whosoever liath any
gold, let them break it off. So they
gave it me : then I cast it into the
tire, and there came out this calf."

25 And when Moses saw that the
people were naked ;" (for Aai'on had
made them naked unto their .shame
among their^ enemies :') ^^^then Moses
stood in the gate of the camp, and
said, "Who is on the Lord's side?"
let him come unto me." — And all the
sons of Levi gathered themselves
together unto him." ^'^ And he said
unto them, " Thus saith the Lord
God of Israel, Put every man his
sword by his side, and go in and out
from gate to gate throughout the
camp, and slay every man his bro-
ther, and every man his companion,
and every man his neighbom*."

2^ And the children of Levi did
according to the word of Moses : and
there fell of the people that day about
three thousand men, ^^For Moses-^
had said, " Consecrate'^ yourselves
to-day to the Lord, even every man
upon his son, and upon his brother ;
that He may bestow upon you a bless-
ing this day."

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608. MotWT Sinai.
Intercession of Moses for the people.

[98

^*^AND it came to pass on the
morrow, that Moses said unto the
people, " Ye have sinned a great
sin : and noAV I Avill go up unto the
Lord ; peradventure I shall make
an atonement for yom* sin,"

•^^And Moses returned unto the
Lord, and said, " Oh, this people
have sinned a gi'eat sin, and have
made them gods of gold. ^^ Yet
now, if Thou wilt forgive their sin — ;
and if not, blot me, I pi'ay Thee, out
of Tliy book'^ which Thou hast writ-
ten."""

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Whosoever hath sinned against
Me, him will I blot out of My book.
^^ Therefore now go, lead the people

(( stripped of

theirorn.iments,
(unbridled, un-
ruly, Gesenius.)
C;h. 33, 4—6,

Ahaz made

.Judah naked.
2 (;hr. 28, 19. Re.
3, 17, 18, & 16, 15.

9 Heb., tluise that
rose up against
them.

t (Dathe inter-
prets it: hut lohen
Moses saw that
the people were
everywhere bro-
ken loose (for at
Aaron's com-
mand they were
celebrating a
feast), and ex-
posed to the dan-
ger of being slain
if any one at-
tacked them.)

K (That is. Who
among you is free
from this trans-
gression f
Clarke.)

u Did not acknow-
ledge his bre-
thren, nor know
his own chil-
dren; for they...
observed Thy
word and kept
Tliy covenant.
De. 33, 9. Nu.
25, 6. Ma. 2, 5, 7.

A. Or, And Mo.ies
said, "Consecrate
yourselves to-day
to the Lord, be-
cause every man
hath been a-
gainst his son, &
against his bro-
ther, d'C.

fi Ilcb., fill your
hands.

X The book of life
of the Lamb
slain from the
foundation of the
world. Re. 13,

8. Da. 12, 1. I's.

09, 28. Is. 4, 3.
Lu. 10, 20. i*h.
4, 3. He. 12, 23.
(It perhaps means
the present state
of probation.)

V (Dr. A. Clarke
thinks that it re-
fers to the muster
roll of all the
tribes and fami-
lies of Israel,
which having been
done under the
immediate direc-
tion of God, is
termed God!s
book.)

114

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. f

/ Alti'i- tliy liaril-
ii'^s mill iiiipe-
iiit. lit heart
1 1, asiirest 111)1111-
t.. iliysflf wrntli
hulinst tho (lay
■ I wrath, and rt>-
viliilion of the
ri^'liteims jiulg-
iM. Mt of God.
l: . ■.',.5.

And (they)

. :!Lii'd sacritico
unto the idol, &
n-joieed in the
works of their
own hands. Ac.
7, 41.

f (Thf Lordpun-
i.i/iril the p-oplr
far iktnaiutinr/ a
vitihle represtn-
tiilion of thf
Jhiti/. Towns-
end.)

o (" 1/ T hail eomf
ONI', instant n-
mmg you I had
distroyed you.''
Ilorsley, I>o
■\Vett«. Other
mo'lirn critics
r' iider the clntuie,
" / had almost
comf. up affaifist
you <C- destroyed
your)

: Thou shalt rc-
nieinber all the
way which the
I.iiui) thy G<h1
led thee the.sc
forty years in
the wilderness,
to humble thee,
and t<i prove
thee, to know
what was in
thine heart, whe-
ther thou would-
est keep His
commandments,
or no. De. 8, 3.

n (The tent in
trhich he had
hern nccu^tomril
to receive thi-
com VI « » icrtinn.i
of GoiVs mill.
Townsend.)

a If.. .thou shalt
seek the l,«>i;ii
thv Cod, thou
shalt find Him.
if thou seek Mini
witli all thy
heart and witii
all thy soul. De.
4, 29.

EXODUS.

J EX. 32, 14.
t 33, 19.

xinio t/u: place of wliicli 1 liavo sjxikcn
unto tlicc : behold, .Mine Aii;^^t'l sliall
p) before tbee : ncvertbi'ltiss in tlie
day when 1 visit I will visits their
siu upon tbciu."

*"'And the Loun plagued the peo-
ple, because tbey^ made the calf,
which Aaron made.
,^,^,^-|-|-j -| ^ And the Lord said
AAAill.J „nto Moses, "Depart,
and go up hence, thou and the people
which thou hast brought up out of
the land of Egypt, unto the land
which I sware unto Abraham, to
Isaac, and to Jacob, saying, Unto
thy seed will I give it : '^ and I will
send an angel before thee ; and I
will drive out the Canaanite, the
Amorite, and the Ilittite, and the
Perizzite, the Ilivite, and the Jebu-
site : ^ unto a land flowing with milk
and honey : for I will not go up in
the midst of thee ; for thou art a
stiffnecked people : lest I consume
thee in the way."

^And when the people heard these
evil tidings, they moui-ncd : and no
man did put on him his ornaments.
^ For the Lord had said unto ^Toses,
" Say unto the children of Israel,
Ye are a stift'necked people : I will°
come up into the midst of thee in a
moment, and consume thee : there-
fore now put off thy ornaments from
thee, that I may know- what to do
unto thee."

^And the children of Israel strip-
ped themselves of their ornaments
by the mount Horeb.

^ And Moses took the tabernacle,'^
and pitched it without the camp, afar
off from the camp, and called it the
Tabernacle of the congregation. And
it came to pass, that every one which
sought" the Lord went out unto the
tabernacle of the congregation, which
was without the camp. '^And it came
to pass, when Moses went out unto
the tabernacle, t/iaf all the p('0]tle
rose up, and stood every man at his

tent door, and looked after Moses,
until be was gone into the tabernacle.
•'And it came to jjas.s, as Moses en-
tered into the tabernacle, the cloudy
pillar descended, P and stood at the
door of the tabernacle, and the Loud
talked with Moses. ^"And all the
people saw tho cloudy pillar stand
at the tabernacle door : and all the
people rose up and worshipped,*^
every man in his tent door.

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses
face* to face, as a man speaketh unto
his friend. And he turned again into
the camp : but his servant*^ Joshua,
the son of Nun, a young man, de-
parted not out of the tabernacle.

^-And Moses said unto the Lord,
"See, Thou sayest unto me, Bring
up this people : and Thou hast not
let me know Avhom Thou w'ilt send''
with me. Yet Thou hast said, I
know thee by name, and thou hast
also found grace in My sight. ^^ Now
therefore, I pray Thee, if I have
found grace in Thy sight, shew me
now Thy way," that I may know
Thee, that I may find grace in Thy
sight : and consider that this nation
is Thy people."

*^And He said, "My presence
shall go with thee, and I will give
thee rest."''

i'^ And he said unto Ilim, " If Thy
presence go not irith nie, carry us
not up hence. ^^For wherein shall
it be known here that 1 and Thy
people'' have found grace in Thy
sight ? is it not in that Thou goest
with us ? so shall we be separated,
I and Thy peo^jle, from all/ the
people that are upon the face of the
earth."

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" I will do this thing also that thou
hast spoken : for thou hast found
grace in My sight, and I know thee
by namc."^

^'^And he said, " I beseech Thee,
shew me Thv glorv."''

'■'And He said, ""1 will make all

p (From the moun-
til ill.)

<r (And hy no do-
iny, ejcpressrd
thi-ir repentance
of the iiliiliitry oj
ich ich they had
been guilty.)

h Mouth to

niouth, even &\y-
Jiareiitly, ami
not in dark
speeches ; and
the similitude of
the L<Jiti> shall
he l)ehoId....Nu.
12, S. De.34, 10.

c Ch. 24, 1.3.

(Forty-four
years of age.)

T (As Ood had
said lie would
not go up, ve. 4,
Moses H'ished to
know whom lie
irould seitd with
him.)

V (Let me know the
milliner in which
Thou woulde.it
have this people
led up aiul go-
verned.)

d Unto whom I
sware in .My
wrath tliat they
shoulii not enter
into My rest. I's.
95, 11.

e Thcv have

heard that Thou,
I.ciiii), art anions
this ]M>ople, that
Thou, Loud, art
seen face to face
...Nu. 14, 14.

/ He hath not
dealt so with any
nation. ..I's. 147,
20. De. 4, 7, 3-1.
1 Ki.8, 53.

g The effectual
fervent jirayer
of a rijrhteous
man availi'th
much. Ja. 5, 16.

h \\'\w only hath
immortality,
dwrllin;; in the
li^'lit which no
man can a|>-
proach unto;
whom no man
hath seen, nor
can sec. 1 Ti. ti,
1«.

115

EX. 33, 20. I

35, 5. r

EXODUS.

r A.M. 3833.
[ B.C. 1603.

<l> (I will cause all
Mil goodness to
pass before thee,
and I will exclaim
that Jthovah is
be/ore thee ; for
whom I favour,
him I greatl y fa-
vour, & wliom I
lofe,him I excied-
iuijlii love . Datlie.
I will proclaim
hi/ name before
theeJehovah,i.c.,
in order that thiiu
maye^t know that
God indeed is
here, I will My-
self announce
My coming. Ge-
seiiius.)l{o.9, 15,
16.

i Manoah said un-
to his wife, AVe
shall surely die,
l)ecansc we have
seen Uod. Ju.

13, 22.

X (Cannot possi-
bly he seen. Ko-
senmuller.)

k No man hath
seen God at any
time ; the only-
bcKotten Son,
which is in the
hosom of the
rather, lie iiatli
declared Him.
J no. 1, 18.

/ And make

thee an ark of
wood...De. 10, 1.

m And thou

shalt put them
in the ark. De.
10,3.

n And He wrote
on the tables,
according to the
tirst writiiiK, the
ten coniniand-
nients(oriVW7/i),
which tlie Lord
spake unto you
in the mount out
of the midst of
the lirc.De. 10,
4.

o Ch. .S3, 19. Nu.

14, 17.

p Oh how preat
is 'I'hy {goodness
which Thou liast
laid up for them
that fear Thee
...F8.31,19.

<7 Thy troth
reacheth unto
the clouds. ..I's.
108, 4.

116

^^y goodness pass before thee, and 1
will proclaim the name of the Lokd
before thee j*^ and will be gracious to
whom I will be gracious, and Avill
shew mercy on whom 1 w'ill shew
mercy." — ^^And He said, "Thou
canst not see My face : for there
shall no man see Me, and live."' —
^^And the Loud said, "Behold, there
is a place by Me, and thou shalt
stand upon a rock : ^'^ and it shall
come to pass, while My glory passeth
by, that I will 2:)ut thee in a clift of
the rock, and will cover thee with
My hand while I pass by: '^^and I
will take away Mj hand, and thou
shalt see My back parts : but My
face shall not^ be seeu."^

XXXIV.]

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608.
Mount Sinai.

God entei-s afresh into cove-
nant ivith the 2>eo2)le.

[90

AND the Loud said unto Moses,
" Hew thee two tables of stone
like unto the first :' and I w'ill write
upon these tables the words that were
in the first tables, which thou brak-
est."* ^ And be ready in the morning,
and come up in the morning unto
mount Sinai, and present thyself
there to Me in the top of the mount.
^And no man shall come up with
thee, neither let any man be seen
throughout all the mount ; neither
let the flocks nor herds feed before
that mount."

^xVnd he hewed two tables of stone
like unto the first ; and Moses rose
up early in the morning, and went
up unto mount Hinai, as the LoiiD
had commanded him, and took in
his hand the two tables of stone."

'^And the Loud descended in the
cloud, and stood with him there, and
proclaimed" the name of the Loud.
''And the Loud passed by before
him, and proclaimed, " The Loud,
The Loud Clod, merciful and graci-
ous, longsuftering, and abundant in
goodness^ and truth,* ^ keeping mercy
for thousands, forgiving iniquity and

transgression and sin, and that will
by no means clear''' the guiltij ; visit-
ing the iniquity of the fathers upon
the children, and upon the children's
children, unto the third and to the
foiu'th generation^

^ And Moses made haste, and bowed
his head toward the earth, and wor-
shipped. '•'And he said, "If now I
have found grace in Thy sight, 0
Loud, let my Lord,"" 1 pray Thee,
go among us ; for it is a stiffnecked
people ; and pai-don our iniquity and
our sin, and take us for Thine inhe-
ritance."

WAndllesaid, "Behold, I make
a covenant : before all thy people I
will do marvels,*" such as have not
been done in all the earth, nor in
any nation : and all the people among
which thou art shall see the work of
the Loud : for it is a terrible thing
that I will do with thee. ^^ Observe
thou that which I command thee this
day : behold, I drive out before thee
the Amorite, and the Canaanite, and
the Hittite, and the Perizzite, and
the Hivite, and the Jebusite. ^'-^Take
heed to thyself, lest thou make a
covenant with the inhabitants of the
land whither thou goest, lest it be
for a snare in the midst of thee : ^^ but
ye shall destroy their altars, break
their images,* and cut down their
groves -fi ^'^for thou shalt worship no
other god : for the Loud, whose name
/s Jealous, is a jealous God: ^'"'lest
thou make a covenant with the inha-
bitants of the land, and they go a
whoring after their gods, and do sa-
crifice unto their gods, and one call
thee, and thou eat of his sacrifice ;
^"and thou take of their daughters
unto thy sons, and their daughters
go a whoring* after their gods, and
make thy sons go a whoring after
their gods.

^'' Thou shalt make thee no molten
gods,

^^The feast of unleavened^ bread
shalt thou keep. Seven days thou
shalt eat unleavened bread, as I

i/( (But roiU hy no
means leave un-
jiunisheil the
i/uilly. Gesenius
and Maui'er. In
jiassing by him
that is pardoned
will not pass hy
him that is not
pardoned. Uosen-
inullcr.iyu(/>a(At
and Bootliroyd,
after De Dieu,
thus Tender the
clause, " & do not
altogether destroy
the impious,"
referring to Ze.
5, 3, for this sense
of the verb nj73

0) (T7ie 01-iyinal ii
«o< Jehovah, but
Adonai, «£■ seems
to refer particu-
larly to the An-
gel of the Cove-
nant, the Messiah.
Clarke.)

r ...Ask from one
side of lieaveu
unto tlie othei',
whether... .God
liath assayed to
go and take Him
a nation from the
midst of another
nation, hy temp-
tations, hy signs,
and by wonders,
&c. De.4,32,34.

a lleb., statues.

P (Kirnchi, Cas-
tell, Selden, aiul
Gesenius have
proved that the
wordcannot mean
"groves." From
the various pas-
sages in ivhich it
occurs it must
denote something
that could be
made, set up, and
placed in a build-
ing. De Wette
renders it Astar-
tes, i.e., images of
the Syrian god-
dess Astartc.)

s And forsake Me
and break My
covenant which
I have made
witli them. De.
31, 16. Nu. 25,
1, 2. 1 Ki. 11, 4.

t Cli. 12, 15, & 23,

15.

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. J

la, ■-', 12, i>t

'.1. lizi!. 41,

riio firsflinf;
• li'iiii biiiists
1 1 thou re-
Ill. Nu.l8,l&.

y 1 ' r, kid.

X (.Miiry)br<inj;lit

(.ICSUS) to .IlTll-

Riilcm to prcsi'iit
liim ti>tlic l.ouD,
...anil to otl'iT...
n imir of turtle-

iliivi's Lu. 2,

•22, 24.

y Diith not cacli
OHO of you on the
siitil)ath loose his
o.\ or his ass
frnni the stall, iV:
lead him away
to watoriiij; ?
Lu. 13, 15.

2 (PrnUciKit.) Ch.
2:t, 16. De. 16, 10.

5 (Tahemaclfs.)
II eh., revolution
oj the j/rar.

n Ch. 2.3, 14, 17.
Do. IC, 16.

h The fear of the
I,i>ui) fell upon
ullthekingdonis

that were

rmind about Ju-
iliih, so that they
iiiaile no war u\t-
on.lelioslia])hat.
2 Chr. 17, 10.

c Ch. 23, 18.

./ Ch. 12, 10. CFu/-
filUd in the re-
viovnl of our
Lorita hotly from
the cross.)

e And thou shalt
set it before the
LoKU thy tiod,
and worship Ixn
fore the Ldku
thy (iod; &thou
shalt rejoice in
every roikI tiling
which the Loud
thy (Jod hath
Kiven unto thee
...Ue. 26, 10.

/Ch.23, 19. De.
14,21.

g Ve. 10. De. 4,
13, and 31, 9.

e (This was the
third fast ; the
Jir.tt was, ch. 24,
18 ; the second,
ch. 32, 31.)

i (The new tables.)

r) Heb., words.

6 (Having obtain-
ed pardon for
Israel.)

EXODUS.

c'oinniandod tlioe, in tlie time, of the
nioiitli Abib: for in the month" Abib
thou caiiH'st out ffom ICfrypt. ^'''All
that opent'th" the matrix is Aline ;
ami every firstling among thy cattle,
ic/iet/ier ox or sheep, that is male.
^13ut the firstling'" of an ass thou
shalt redeem with a lamb :V and if
thou redeem him not, then shalt thou
break his neck. All the firstborn of
thy sons thou shalt redeem.-^ And
none shall appear before Me empty.

'■^^ Six days thou shalt work, but
on the seventh'" day thou shalt rest :
in earing time and in harvest thou
shalt rest.

'-'-And thou shalt observe the feast
of weeks,* of the firstfruits of wheat
harvest, and the feast of ingathering
at the year's* end.

'^"* Thrice" in the year shall all your
menchildrcn a})])ear before the Loud
God, the God of Israel. ^^For I will
cast out the nations before thee, and
enlarge thy borders : neither shall
any man desire* thy land, when thou
shalt go up to appear before the Loud
thy (Jod thrice in the year.

^^Thou shalt not otier the blood of
My sacrifice with leaven ;" neither
shall the sacrifice of the feast of the
passover be left'' unto the morning.

2GThe first of the firstfi-uits of thy
land thou shalt bring'' unto the house
of the Loud thy God.

Thou shalt not seethe-^ a kid in
his mother's milk."

''^'^And the Loud said unto Moses,
" Write thou these words •.:/ for after
the tenor of these words 1 have made
a covenant with thee and with Is-
rael."

^^And he Avas there with the Lord
forty days and forty nights ; he did
neither eat Ijread, nor drink water.'
And lie wrote upon the tables^ the
words of the covenant, the ten com-
mandments.''

^ And it came to pass, when Moses
came down from mount Sinai^ with
the two tables of testunony in Moses'

hand, when he came down from the
mount, that Moses wist not that the
skin of his fiice shone* while He
talked with him. ■^'^ And when Aaron
and all the children of Israel saw
Moses, behold, the skin of his face
shone :* and they were afraid to
come nigh him.'

•^^And Moses called unto them;
and Aaron and all the rulers of the
congregation returned unto him : and
Moses talked with them. ^'-'And
afterward all the children of Israel
came nigh : and he gave them in
commandment all that the Loud had
spoken with him in mount Sinai.
"^•^And //// Moses had done speaking
with them, he put a vail' on his face.
^* IJut when Moses went in before
the Loud to speak with Ilim, he
took the vail off, until he came out.
And he came out, and spake unto
the children of Israel that which he
was commanded. "^^ And the children
of Israel saw the face of Moses, that
the skin of Moses' face shone : and
Moses put the vaiP upon his face
again, until he went in to speak with
llim.

XXXV.]

A.M. .*?633. B.C. 1608.
Mount Sinai.
The free gijtsfor the taber-
nacle.

[100

AND Moses gathered all the con-
gregation of the children of Is-
rael together, and said unto them,
" These are the words' which the
Loud hath commanded, that ye should
do them. ^ Six days shall work be
done, but on the seventh day there
shall be to you an holy* day, a sab-
bath'^ of rest to the Loud : whosoever
doeth work therein shall be put to
death. '^ Ye shall kindle no fire
throughout your habitations upon
the sabbath day.'>

*And Moses spake unto all the
congi'egation of the children of Israel,
saying, "This/s the thing which the
Loud commanded,'" saying, '^ Take
ye from among you an offering unto

f EX. 33, 20.
I 36,5.

A ...(.lesim) was
ti-nuiiii(,'ured...<V:
lliH face did
Bhin<> aH the sun,
and 1 1 is raiment
was whiti' as the
light. Mat. 17, 2.

(^ (With rays of
light.)

t (Paul represents
the brightness nf
the fao' of Moses
as emblematiixil
of the glory and
exejiUenrji of that
dLtpensatioti,
wh icli, however,
had no gl**ry,
when compared
with the stiperi/>r
excelb'ncf of the
Gospel. Clarke.)
2 Co. 3, 13.

I ...Until this day
remaineth the
.same vail un-
taken away in
the reading of
the old testa-
ment ; which
vail is done
away in Christ.
2 Co. 3, 14.

k When (Israel >
shall tuni to the
Lout), the vail
shall be taken
away. 2 Co. 3,
18.

I Ch. 34, 32.

K Ilcb., holiness.

\ (The end of the
ceremonial sab-
bath of the Jews
was in remem-
brance of their
delivery out of
Egypt, but the
moral salilxtth of
the two tables in
commemoration
of GotCs resting
from the works of
creation. LiKht-
foot.) he. 23, 3.
Nu. 15, 32. De.
5, 12.

fjL (The Jews un-
derstand thi-t
preript as forbid-
ding the kindling
of fire only for
the purpose, of
doing work, or
dressing victuals.
Clarke.)

m Ch. 26, 1, 2.

117

EX. 35, 6. >
36, 22. 1

EXODUS.

A.M. 3833.
. B.C. 1608.

/! 1 Chr. 29, 3, 5,
i». 14. Ezr. 2,
la, and 3, 6. Ne.
11,2.

I' (Ohtinned from
the helix ianthi-
na. Sec (Jese-
niuSjKitto's^'//'"-.
art. purple, ami
llorceu's Asial.
Xntioiis, i., pp.
342.)

I (The Ti/rwn
piir}>les wre o?>-
tninnd from tino
.tpici's of shell
fish.)

0 (The kermes,
with us nolo su-
perseded by the
cochineal.)

IT (Gesenius and
De ir««« think
this means seals'
skins.)

p (The acacia, a
Uirge spreading
tri-e in Egypt and
Arabia, from
ii-hich is obUiined
the gum arabic.
Dr. Kilto thinks
that the ncocia
si-gril supplied thf
shittim loood. It
grows from fif-
teen to tirnnty
feet in height.)

a (The form, of
Ihii is not ex-
pressed.)

r (Prnhablg,

aprons, towels,
and such like,
used in the com-
mon service.
Clarke.)

o If there ho first
a willing mind,
it is acce])tc(l
according tntliat
a man hath, and
not according to
that he liath not.
2 Co. S. 12.

118

the Lord : whosoever is of a willing"
heart, let liiiu bring it, an offering
of the Lord ; gold, and silver, and
brass, •'and blue," and purple,^ and
scarlet," and fine linen, and goats'
hair, "and rams' skins dyed red, and
badgers''^ skins, and shittimP wood,
'^and oil for the light, and spices for
anointing oil, and for the sweet in-
cense, ^and onyx stones, and stones
to be set for the ephod, and for the
breastplate.

^•^And every wise hearted among
you shall come, and make all that
the Lord hath commanded ; ^^ the
tabernacle, his tent, and his cover-
ing, his taches, and his boards, his
bars, his pillars, and his sockets,
^^ the ark, and the staves thereof,
ivith the mercy seat, and the vail of
the covering, ^^ the table, and his
staves, and all his vessels, and the
shewbread, ^^the candlestick also for
the light, and his furniture, and his
lamps, with the oil for the light, ^^and
the incense altar, and his staves, and
the anointing oil, and the sweet in-
cense, and the hanging for the door
at the entering in of the tabernacle,
^"tlie altar of burnt offering, with
his brazen grate, his staves, and all
his vessels, the laver"^ and his foot,
^"^the hangings of the court, his pil-
lars, and their sockets, and the hang-
ing for the door of the court, ^^the
pins of the tabernacle, and the pins
of the court, and their cords, ^^the
cloths'" of service, to do service in
tlie holy jjlace, the holy garments
for Aaron the priest, and the gar-
ments of his sons, to minister in the
priest's office."

^And all the congregation of the
children of Israel departed from the
presence of Aloses. ^^ And they came,
every one whose heart stiiTcd" him
up, and every one whom his spirit
made Avilling, and they brought the
Lord's offering to the work of the
tabernacle of the congregation, and
for all his service, and for the holy

garments. ^'^And they came, both
men and women, as many/' as were
willing hearted, and brought brace-
lets, and earrings, and rings, and
tablets," all jewels of gold: and every
man that offered offered an offering
of gold unto the Lord. ^^ And every
man, with whom was found blue, and
purple, and scarlet, and fine linen,
and goats' hair, and red skins of
rams, and badgers' skins, brought?
them. 2* Every one that did offer an
offering of silver and brass brought
the Lord's offering: and every man,
with whom was found shittim wood
for any work of the service, brought
it.

2^ And all the women that were
wise* hearted did s])inx with their
hands, and brought that which they
had spun, both of blue, and of pur-
ple, and of scarlet, and of fine linen.
''^'^And all the women whose heart
stirred them up in Avisdom spun
goats' hair.

^'^And the rulers'" brought onyx
stones, and stones to be set, for the
ephod, and for the breastplate; '^^and
spice, and oil for the light, and for
the anointing oil, and for the sweet
incense.

2^ The children of Israel brought a
willing''' offering unto the Lord, every
man and woman, whose heart made
them willing to bring for all manner
of work," which the Lord had com-
manded to be made by the hand of
Moses.

^'^ And Moses said unto the children
of Israel, " See, the Lord* hath called
by name Bezaleel the son of Uri, the
son of Hur, of the tribe of Judali;
^^and He hath filled him with the
spirit of God, in wisdom, in under-
standing, and in knowledge, and in
all manner of workmanship ; ^^ and
to devise curious works, to work in
gold, and in silver, and in brass,
•^"^and in the cutting of stones, to set
them, and in carving of wood, to make
any manner of cunning work. ^^And

p Every man ac-
cording as he
purpri.seth in his
heart, so let hira
give ; not grudg-
ingly, or of ne-
cessity : for God
loveth a cheer-
ful giver. 2 Co.
9,7.

V (Bracelets, Ge-
senius. A kind
of girdle. Boch-
art. The hoop
or band surround-
ing the head.
Kitto. A.iort of
golden beads loom
upon the wrists
and neck. Lee.)

q (So in the dai/s
of David) they
with whom pre-
cious st(jnes were
found gave them
to the treasury
of the house of

the Lord

1 Chr. 29, 8.

(j> (Had acquired
the art.)

X (With the plain
distaff or trawl-
ing pin.) She
layethherhands
to the spindle, &
her hands hold
the distaff. T
31. 19.

r 1 Chr. 29, 6. (So
in the duys of
Ezra) The chief
of the fathers,
when they came
to the house of
the Lord... offer-
ed freely for the
house of God to
set it up in his
place. Ezr. 2, 68.

v// (For no one was
forced to lend his
help in this sa-
cred work : all
was a freewill of-
fering to the Lord.
Clarke.)

o) (Those who can-
not dedicate the
possessions of
this life to God,
mag devote to
Him the skill and
Icliimr of their
hands.)

s Ch. 31, 2.

A.M. 3833.1
B.C. 1608. i

tr (These etulmo-
meiitti irrre ijiveii
lot/irm orii/iiiiill;/
bi/ (!<hI, ami l/ir
ciri'iiiii>ilniiii:s of
li/t wliirft i/iiiv
tlifin the oppor-
tiiiiily of mnkiiiij
Iht.ie acquire-
vuiils in Ky;/pt,
xrere drUnn inrit
hy Ilim with a
viiir to this nUi-
viiile rmptiiymnit
of thnn ill His
sen-ice. Kitto.)

nil. 31, 3, fi. IKi.
7, 1 J. -i Clir. 2,
1 J. Is. 28, 26.

a (The van is here
coiivrsire, {(■ (he
verh " irrnuijht"
oui/hl to be IriDis-
Inteil, "Ami lie-
znhel lb Aholiab
shall work," <tc.
Clarke.)

p (It is impossihU
but that the skill
of the Eijyptians
in the working of
vietnls A- of lea-
ther, in weaving,
in architecture,
ttr., must have
hud on improving
ill lliience on the
lirhr.wx. ii;i-
vcriiick.)

>i (Pnul says of)
till' churches of
MBccdimia, how
tliiit ill a trrcat
trial of afHictiiiii
till' aliuiKlaiicc of
tliiir joy & their
(Ifcp poverty
aliouiuU-d unto
till' riches of
tlirir litieralitv.
r..r to the'ir
liowor, I bear
reeoni, yea, ami
lieyoiid their
jxiwer they were
williiig...2C'o. 8,
2,3.

EXODUS.

lie hath put in his lioavt that ho, may
tt-aoh, hidJi ho, and Aluiliah, tho son
of Ahisaniaoh, of tlio tribo of Dan.
•'^Thcni hath Ilo iilUnl'^ with wisdom
of lieart, to work' all mannor of work,
of the engravor, anil of the cunning
workman, and of the embroiderer, in
blue, and in purple, in scarlet, and
in fine linen, and of the weaver, even
of them that do any work, and of
those that devise cunning work."
-Y-^r-vr-f rj -I ^ Then wrought" Bc-
AAAVl.J 2aleel and Aholiab, and
every^ wise hearted man, in whom
the Loud put wisdom and under-
standing to know how to work all
manner of work for the service of the
sanctuary, according to all that the
Lord had commanded.

A.M. 3833. B.C. 1608.

■Wilderness of Si.vai.

Tht tabemacU is constructed.

[101

^AND !Moses called Tlezaleel and
Aholiab, and every wise hearted man,
in whose heart the Loun had put wis-
dom, even every one whose heart
stin'ed him up to come unto the work
to do it :" ^and they received of Clo-
ses all the ottering, which the chil-
dren of Israel had brought for the
work of the service of the sanctuary,
to make it ivhlial. And they brought
yet unto him free ofterings every
morning.

^And all the wise men, that
wrought all the work of the sanctu-
ary, came every man from his work
which they made ; •'"and they spake
unto Moses, saying, "The ))eo])le
bring much more than enough for tlie
service of the work, which the Loni)
commanded to make."

^'And Moses gave commandmout,
and they caused it to be proclaimed
throughout the camp, saying, " Let
neither man nor woman make any
more work for the offering of the
sanctuary." 8o the people were, re-
strained from bringing, '^ For the
stutf they had was sufficient for all
the work to make it, and too much.

^And every wise hearted man
among them that wrought the work
of the tabernacle made ten" curtains
of fine twined linen, and blue, and
purple, ami scarlet : ic'itJi cherubims
of cuiiningY Avork made lie them.
•'The length of one curtain icas twenty
and eight cubits, and the breadth of
one curtain four cubits ; the curtains
u-ere all of one size, ^"^And he cou-
pled the five curtains one unto an-
other : and the other five curtains lie
coupled one unto another.* ^^And
he made loops of blue on the edge of
one curtain from the selvedge in the
coupling : likewise he made in the
uttenuost side of another curtain, in
tlie coupling of the second. '"-Fifty
loops made he in one curtain, and
fifty loops made he in the edge of the
curtain which ^L•as in the coupling of
the second : the loops held one cur-
tain to another, '"^And he made
fifty taches of gold, and coupled the
curtains one unto another with the
taches : so it became one tabernacle.*

'^And he made curtains of goats'
hair for the tent over^ the tabernacle :
eleven curtains he made them. '"'The
length of one curtain «•«,< thirty cu-
bits, and four cubits icas the breadth
of one curtain : the eleven ctirtains
irere of one size. '"And he coupled
five curtains by themselves, and six
curtains by themselves. '^And he
made fifty loops upon the uttenuost
edge of the curtain in the coupling,
and fifty loops made he upon the edge
of the curtain which couplfth'' the se-
cond. '*' And he made fifty taches of
brass to couple the tent together,
that it might be one.

'•'And lie made a covering for the
tent of ranis' skins dyed red, and a
covering ^/'badgers' skins above that.

**And lie made l)oards for the ta-
bernacle of sliittim wood, standing
up.* '"^'The length of a board teas
ten cubits, and the breadth of a board
one cnliit and a half. ^•^Onc board
had two tenons, equally distant one
from another :' thus did he make for

J EX. 35, 6.
1 36, 22.

V Ch. 2C, 1.

y (Prolmhly the
wont tnrant no
iiuire than figures
of any kind
wrought in the
<liimii,ik fashiou,
in (he loom, or hy
the ch iscl or grav-
ing tool 171 wootl,
stone, or metal...
See ch. 25, IH.
Clarke.)

5 (The. Holy flare
was ten yards
long, niui the five
curtains srweil
together toere
just so broad, ({•
so they roverefl
only the top and
sides, but hung
not down at the
end. But the
Most Holy Plan-
was but five yards
long, and the five
curtains over did
7iot only cover the
tup, but also hung
down tti the silver
bases. Lightfoot.)

e (In the edge of
either curtain
tcere made fifty
loops of blue titjM,
ont over against
another, and with
fifty clasps of
giild the loops
Wire linked toge-
thir, and so the
two main piecrs
were made (me co-
vering.)

f (These second
curtains reached
a liule furthir
over than llie
first, hut did nut
came to the
ground, leaving,
except at tfie west,
the silver foun-
datiuns visible.)

T) (That which
toeks, lakes, or
holds. Kichnril-

SOIl.)

0 (Making the ta-
lirrnaclf five
yards two feet
sir inches high.
I.ightfoot.)

1 (When the tenons
were Slink in
the morlire, the
middle of the
plank settled up-
on the bases.)

119

EX. 36, 23. 1
38, 10. j

K (Each one wns
cast in a soliil
piece, with a
mortice hole on
the side that Ian
up'carii.)

EXODUS.

f A.M. 3833.
t B.C. 1608.

\ Ilel)., tu'innid.

•J. Heb., two socTc-
etx, two sncket.i
nnder one hoard.

I'Ch. 2G, .31.

f (From the se-
venth verse of
this chnpter, nnd
tlirmigh the three
fnVo<mn<l chrip-
tf-rs, the Siptiia-
gini arraiujes the
matter diffrrent-
lij. GrahK is dis-
posed to attribute
this to a disloca-
tion nf the sheets.
J'erhaps the

prirst.i of the 0-
niuH temple at
Ileliopolis -wished
to dtirken the de-
.leription of the
tabernacle, t&c.
Owen.)

o Heb., the vnrl:
of a needleicnrkcr,
or tmbroiilcrer.

all the boards of the tabernacle.
23 And he made boards for the taber-
nacle ; twenty boards for the south
side southward : '^^ and forty sockets*
of silver he made under the twenty
boards ; two sockets under one board
for his two tenons, and two sockets
under another board for his two te-
nons, 25^^jjf[ fyj. fijg other side of
the tabernacle, irJiich is towai-d the
north corner, he made twenty boards,
'-^•^and their forty sockets of silver ;
two sockets under one board, and two
sockets under another board. ^'' And
for tlie sides of the tabernacle west-
ward he made six boards. ^^And
two boards made he for the corners
of the tabernacle in the two sides.
-'■'And they were coupled'*^ beneath,
and coupled together at the head
thereof, to one ring : thus he did to
both of them in both the corners.
'^'- And there were eight boards ; and
their sockets icere sixteen sockets of
silver, underf* every board two sockets.

^^And he made bars of shittira
wood ; five for the boai'ds of the one
side of the tabernacle, ^-and five bars
for the boards of the other side of the
tal)crnacle, and five bars for the
boards of the tabernacle for the sides
westward. ^^ And he made the mid-
dle bar to shoot through the boards
from the one end to the otlier. ^^ And
he overlaid the boards with gold, and
made tlieir rings of gold to be places
for the bars, and overlaid the bars
with gold.

^^ And he made a vail o/blue,'' and
purple, and scarlet, and fine twined
linen : with cherubims made he it of
cunning work. -^^ And he made there-
unto four pillars o/shittim icood, and
overlaid them with gold : their hooks
icere of gold ; and he cast for them
four sockets of silver.^

^^ And he made an hanging for the
tabernacle door of blue, and ])urple,
and scarlet, and fine twined linen, of
needlework ;° ^^and the five pillars
of it with their hooks : and he over-
laid their chapiters and their fillets

with gold : but their five sockets wej-e
of brass.

■V^vy VTT "1 A.M. 3833. B.C. 1G08.

-^-^»-^ ^ -•■■'■•J WiLDEIiNES.S OF SlNAI.
The furniture of the
tabernacle.

[102

AND P>ezaleel made'^ the arkP of
shittim Avood : two cubits and a
half icas the length of it, and a cubit
and a half the breadth of it, and a
cubit and a half the height of it :
2 and he overlaid it with pure gold
Avithin and without, and made a
crown"" of gold to it round about.
^And he cast for it fom* i-ings'" of
gold, to be set by the four corners of
it ; even two rings upon the one side
of it, and two rings upon the other
side of it. ^And he made staves of
shittim wood, and overlaid them with
gold. ^And he put the staves into
the rings by the sides of the ark, to
bear the ark."

^And he made the mercy"^ seat of
pure gold : two cubits and a half ivas
the length thereof, and one cubit and
a half the breadth thereof. '' And he
made two cherubims of gold, beaten
out of one piece made he them, on
the two ends of the mercy seat ; ^one
cherub on^ the end on this side, and
another cherub on"^ the other end on
that side : out of the mercy seat made
he the cherubims on the two ends
thereof. ^And the cherubims" spread
out tJ/eir wings on high, and covered
with their wings over the mercy seat,
with their faces one to another ; even
to the mercy- seat- ward were the faces
of the cherubims.

^'^ And he made the table o/shittim
wood : two cubits was the length
thereof, and a cubit the breadth
thereof, and a cubit and a half the
height thereof: ^^and he overlaid it
with pure gold, and made thereimto
a crown"^ of gold round about. ^'-^Also
he made thereunto a border^ of an
handbrcadth round about ; and made
a crown of gold for the border there-
of roixnd about. ^^ And he cast for it

TT (One obvious
use of this detail-
ed particularity
is to slinc that
Moses acted in
strict (Dili minute
conformlli/ ivith
the patli rn shew-
ed to him in the
mount. Chal-
mers.)

P (Typifying
Christ, b'j whom
God is come into
covetiant with
Gentiles as well
as Jews.)

a (Representing
Christ crowned
with glory.)

T (Staples.)

V (Never to he
taken out, hut to
stay there contin-
ually.)

(/) {The cover of
the ark.)

X Or, out of, itc.
\ji Or, out of, &c.

la {At either end
was made the
form of an angel
like a chilli,
stimding bowed,
with wings reach-
ing over the ark,
so that the wings
of one cherub
touchid the wings
of oniilllir^

Lightfuot.)

a {Which went
quite about tlie

frame, & within
this crown was
the cover laid.)

j3 {Thehigher edge
equal with the
top of the frame,
and the border so
broad below.)

120

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. f

EXODUS.

j EX. 36, 23.
i 38, 10.

«• (11.25, 29.

y I >r, to pour out

,r.llull.

« ( li.-26,31. {The
j.'nt of it WHS of
;'"'''. from irliich
III' r> wrnt up n
s'r,ii;/ht sh,i/t,
vh lih was the
viiildlf ligfU;
near the foot was
a got'ten dish
wrought almnnil-
wise, and a little
alxwr that a y alli-
en knitp ; it iilmve
that a gohlen
fiiiwir, i- so with
the others, whieh
Clime out three on
each side, whieh
were carried up
bowed, !<■ stimdat
an equal height
and distance.)

t ( t)/ one massy
piece.)

f ( The cnmllestirk
wiiiilil pract Ically
have answered all
il.1 mere utilita-
rian purposes as
well, thouyh there
had Iteen ?iei-
ther hnops iior
Jl-nrers ; and so
mii/ht our vege-
l/ihle structures,
without so rich
an eJHorescenre
of' gay and varie-
gated hlo.isoms.
It is pleasing to
cmitemplate such
exhihitions of
beinili/, as design-
edly s--! forth b'/
Gixl to regale the
taste niul please
the eye of num.
Cli.ilmcrs.)

TT ( 'I'lLit is, on the:
uppr anil under
sue/are, as it
shi-wed equal
sides; but it was
twice as high as
it was broad, be-
ing twenty -one
inches hrnad and
three Jett sir
inches high. It
is called the
" i/iilden altar."
Nil. 4, 11.)

p (As the gifts ami
graci-sof the Holy
Spirit are termed
the anointing of
the Holy Ghost,
therefore this
holy ointment ap-
pears tohave Iteen
lUsigned as em-
I'bmaticnl of
th 'se. gifts ami
graces. See Ac.
1, 5, and 10, 38.
2 Co. 1, 21. 1
.Tno. 2, 20, 27,
Ke. 3, 18.
Clarke.)

four riu<:;-s of f^^old, and ])Ut the rin<;;'s
upon the four corners that icere in
the four feet thereof. i*Over against
the border were the rings, the phices
for the staves to bear the table.
^''And he made the staves of shittiin
wood, and overlaid them with gold,
to bear the table. ^''And he made
the vessels which were upon the
table, his dishes,"" and his spoons,
and his bowls, and his covers to
coverV withal, of pure gold.

^^Aud he made the candlestick* of
pure gold : of beaten work made he
the candlestick ; his shaft, and his
branch, his bowls, his knops, and
his flowers, were of the same : *^and
six branches going out of the sides
thereof; three branches of the can-
dlestick out of the one side thereof,
and three branches of the candlestick
out of the other side thereof: ^'-^ three
bowls made after the fashion of al-
monds in one branch, a knop and a
flower ; and three bowls made like
almonds in another branch, a knop
and a flower : so throughout the six
branches going out of the candlestick.
-''And in the candlestick were four
bowls made like almonds, his knops,
and his flowers : ^^ and a knop under
two branches of the same, and a knop
under two branches of the same, and a
knop under two branches of the same,
according to the six branches going
out of it. ^ Their knops and their
branches were of the same : all of it
was one beaten work of ])ure gold.*

^And he made his seven lamps, and
his snutlers, and his snufl'dishes, of
pure gold. -^ Of a talent of pure gold,
made he it, and all the vessels thereof.^

'^And he made the incense altar
of shittim wood : the length of it
was a cubit, and the breadth of it a
cubit ; it was foursquare ;"■ and two
cubits was the height of it ; the horns
thereof were of the same. ^'^ And he
overlaid it with pure gold, both the
top of it, and the sides thereof round
about, and the horns of it : also he
made imto it a crown of gold round

about. ■'^^And he made two rings of
gold tor it under the crown thereof,
by the two corners of it, upon the
two sides thereof, to be places for
the staves to bear it withal.

'■^And he made the staves of .shittim
wood, and overlaid them with gold.

^'And he made the holy anointingP
oil, and the pure incense of sweet
spices, according to the work of the
apothecary.

XXXVIII.]^^-

. S.'^'iX n.c. 1608.

DEUXF.RS IlK Sl.SAI

Other furniture of thu

tabernacle.

.[103

AND he made the altai**' of bumf
oti'ering of shittim wood : five
cubits iras the length thereof, and
five cubits the breadth tliereof; it
ivas foursquare ; and tliree cubits the
height thereof. -And he made the
horns" thereof on the four corners of
it ; the horns theiTof were of the
same : and he overlaid it with brass.
^And he made all the vessels of the
altar, the pots, and the shovels, and
the basons, and the fleshhooks, and
the firei)ans : all the vessels thereof
made he cv/" brass. '*And he made
for the altar a brasen grate of net-
work imder the compass thereof be-
neath imto the midst of it. ''And
he cast four i-ings for the fom' ends
of the grate of brass, to be places
for the staves. •'And he made the
staves of shittiin wood, and overlaid
them with brass. ^And he put the
staves into the rings on the sides of
the altar, to bear it withal ; he made
the altar hollow with boards.

*^And he made the lavei*^ o/'bras.s,
and the footx of it of brass, of the
lookingglasses''' of the women assem-
bling," which assembled at the door
of the tabernacle of the congi'cgation.

^ And he made the court i-' on the
south side southward the hangings of
the court were of fine twined linen,
an hundred cubits: ^" their pillars
irere twenty, and their brasen sockets
twenty ; the hooks of the pillars and

<t(,A strong frame
like the frame of
a table, the open
places made up
with luHirds, aiid
overlaid with
brass. Cli. 27, 1.)

T (This is one of
th' most typie/il
ff all tiir ob-
jects prrsenlejl to
our notice in the
Hebrew ritual,
on which was
made those ,sacri-
Jices wli ich shn-
'dnwed Jorth the
propitiatory
death thai was
aixianjilished at
Jerusalem.)

V (The horns

might have three
'(.s>«, 1. I'or or-
nament ; 2. To
prevent aircases,
itc, from falling
off; '3. To tie the
victim tfi, previ-
ously to its being
sacrificed. I'ti.
118, 27.)

^ til. .-JO, 18.

X (Pedestal.)

fp Or, brasen

glasses. (As the
lo ver was of
brass or copper,
it is evidml that
the " looking-

glasses '■ with
wh ich it was
mad'' were of the
same metiil. The
word " m Irror "
should have Ih en
used in the place
of "lookingglass"
in the various
postages, as Job
37, 18, where it
occurs, and which
are all incompat-
ible with the idea
of gUiss. IMc.
liib.)

a Hi'h., assem-
bling la/ troops,
as 1 Sii. 2, 22.
(It is not iinpro-
iHible that thy
had lieen in the
habit of following
the ejcampleofthe
I'gyptinn women,
who timk ttieir
mirrors with
them when they
went to the trm-
phs. Moses may
hnv required
them for th*
larer, in onler to
put a stop tn a
practice of which
he did not ap-
prove. Pic. Bib.)

j-Cli. 27, !).

121

EX. 38, 11. )
39, 29. /

EXODUS.

C A.M. 3833.
1 B.C. 1608.

j3 (Of ike, same
material & worJi-
mnnship loith
that of the inner
covering of the
Uihernade & the
outer & the inntr
vail.)

y Ch.27, 19.

y (That is, the
foregoing account
contains a detail
of all the articles
vjhich Bezaleel &
Ahnliah were
commanded to
make, and which
were reckoned up
by the Levitts,
over whom Itha-
mar the son of
Anron presided.
Clarke.)

their fillets loere of silver. ^^And
for the north side the hangings icere
an hundivd cubits, their pillars were
twenty, and their sockets of brass
twenty ; the hooks of the pillars and
their fillets of silver, ^^And for tlie
west side were hangings of fifty cu-
bits, their pillars ten, and their
sockets ten ; the hooks of the pillars
and their fillets of silver. ^^ And for
the east side eastward fifty cubits.
^^The hangings of the one side of the
gate were fifteen cubits ; their pillars
three, and their sockets three. ^^ And
for the other side of the court gate,
on this hand and that hand, locre
hangings of fifteen cubits ; their pil-
lars three, and their sockets three.
^^' All the hangings of the court round
i\\)(n\i were of fine twined linen. ^'' And
the sockets for the pillars were of
brass ; the hooks of the pillars and
their fillets of silver ; and the over-
laying of their chapiters of silver ;
and all the pillars of the court were
filleted with silver. ^^ And the hang-
ing for the gate of the coui't loas nee-
dlewoi-k,^ of blue, and purple, and
scarlet, and fine twined linen : and
twenty cubits ivas the length, and
the height in the breadth icas five
cubits, answerable to the hangings
of the court. ^^And their pillars
were four, and their sockets of brass
four ; their liooks of silver, and the
overlaying of their chapiters and tlieir
fillets (f silver, ^o^^^j ^\\ ^ii^ pinsv
of the tabernacle, and of the court
round aboiit, were o/" brass.

^^ This is the sumv of the taber-
nacle, even of the tabernacle of tes-
timony, as it was counted, according
to the commandment of Moses, for
the service of the Levites, by the
hand of Ithamar, son to Aaron the
priest.

2^ And Bezaleel the son of Uri, tlie
son of Ilur, of the tribe of .Judah,
made all tliat the Lord commanded
Moses. ^'And witli him loas Aho-
liab, son of Al)isamach, of the tribe

of Dan, an engraver, and a cunning
workman, and an end)roiderer in blue,
and in purple, and in scarlet, and fine
linen. '''^All the gold that was occu-
pied for the work in all the work of
the holy place.^ even the gold of the
offering, was twenty and nine talents,
and seven hundred and thirty she-
kels,^ after the shekel of the sanctu-
ary.^ 25^jj([ ^jjQ silver of them that
were numbered of the congregation
was an hundred talents, and a thou-
sand seven hundred and threescore
and fifteen shekels, after the shekel of
the sanctuary : "''a bekah^ for every^
man, that is, half a shekel, after the
shekel of the sanctuary, for every
one that went to be numbered, from
t'\\enty years old and upward, for six
hundred thousand and three thousand
and five hundred and fifty'' men.
^'' And of the hundred^ talents of
silver were cast the sockets of the
sanctuary, and the sockets of the
vail ; an hundred sockets of the hun-
dred talents, a talent for a socket.'
^^And of the thousand" seven hun-
dred seventy and five shekels he made
hooks for the pillars, and overlaid
their chapiters, and filleted them.
-■^And the brass of the offering was
seventy talents, and two thousand
and foiu* hundred shekels. ^'^And
therewith he made the sockets to the
door of the tabernacle of the congre-
gation, and tlie brasen altar, and the
brasen grate for it, and all the ves-
sels of the altar, ^^and the sockets
of the court round about, and the
sockets of the court gate, and all the
pins of the tabernacle, and all the
pins of the court round about.

YYYT\" 1 A.M. .3833. D.c. 1G08. riAj
-^*-^'*-^*--'--^*--J WiLDisHNESS OF Sinai. !_-'■'-'"->'

27r' sai:rcd vestmenti. Con-
clusion of Die icorJc.

A Nl) of the blue," and purple, and

il. scarlet, they made clotlis* of ser-
vice, to do service in the holy place,
and made the holy garments for Aa-
ron: as the Lord commanded Moses.

z See Ge. 20, 16,
and 23, 15, and
24,2'2;33,19. (Jh.
30, 13, 24. Le. 5,
1.5. Nu. 3, 47,
and 18, IG.

& (The holy shekel,
or shekel of the
sanctuary, differ-
ed from the com-
mon shekel, either
as being heavier,
as lloeckh, lier-
theau, and others
ajfirm, or as being
of just weight
and jmre silver,
as Jioscnmiiller
suggests.)

e (Half a shekel.
Is. 2irf.; Ch. 30,
13, 15.

f Ileb., a poll.

ri (The whole camp,
Levites included,
for they were not
yet separated
from the congre-
gation. In the
second poll, Nu.
1, 47, about six
months after, the
Levites were not
included.)

0 (The v>hole sum
raised amounted
in English money
to £37,721 lis.
6d.)

1 (Every talent
contained six
thousand- bekahs,
wh ii'Ji gives one
hundred talents
from six hundred
thousand men,
with which were
made the founda-
tion pieces.) Ch.
26, 19, 21.

K Or, three thov^
sand five hundred
and fifty bekahs,
or half shekds,
that cvere over.

fflCh.35, 23.

b Ch. 31, 10, and
35, 19.

122

A.M. 3833. 1
B.C. 1608. j

EXODUS.

< EX. 38, 11.
( 39, 29.

X (M'hirh wfrea/-
Uricanls rouml'd
with the hammer
aii'ljilf. 2'his is
guitf in conformi-
ty with nil the in-
/orm'ttion we cnn
coll'Ct from an-
cient writings on
thesnhjfCt. Works
vmile tcith threads
of metiil are rare-
ly mrntionett at
all, ami whenever
they are spoken
oj, the wire ap-
pears to have (men
wholly made on
the anvil. Pic.
IJib.)

u. (Th' word im-
ports a do mask
woven girdle.)

V (The ffold was
proliahly embroi-
d'red, not inter-
w<ircn in th' cloth,
lieckmann th inks
that the earliest
application of
ijo'd to dress was
to sexo on slipi of
metal, particu-
larly on the
seams, as is now
done in qold lact.
I'ic. Bib.)

c Cli. 28, 0.

f (fi.tlinys of

gold.)

dCh.28, 12.

o (rolled, ch. 28,
1.5, the l/renst-
plnte of judg-
ment, because the
high priest wore
it upon his breast
when he went to
a.'ik counsel of the
Lord ; as also
when he sat as
judge to learh the
law and to deter-
mine controver-
sies. Le. 10, 11.
De. 17, 8, 9.
Clarke.)

ir (Tietween these
doublings the
urim <t thummim
were placed.)

f. Ch. 28, 17, and
Le. 8, 8.

p Or, ruby. (Tlie
cornelian of the
moderns ; the
Hehrete word in-
timates redness.)

123

-'Aiul he made the cphod of gold,
blue, and purple, and scarlet, and
fine twined linen. ^And they did
beat the gold into thin plates, and
cut it into wircs,^ to work it in the
blue, and in tlie purple, and in the
scarlet, and in the tine linen, trith
cunning Avork. ^ They made slioul-
derpieces fur it, to couple it together :
by the two edges was it coupled toge-
thei". ^ And the curious'* girdle of his
ephod, that teas upon it, was of the
same, according to the work thereof;
o/gold," blue, and purple, and scar-
let, and fine twined linen ; as the
Lord commanded Moses. "^ And they
wroughf^ onyx stones inclosed in
ouches^ of gold, graven, as signets
are graven, with the names of the
children of Israel. '^And he put
them on the shoulders of the cphod,
that tltri/ should be stones for a me-
morial'' to the children of Israel ; as
the Loud commanded Moses.

^ And he made the breastplate" of
cunning woi'k, like the work of the
ephod ; of gold, blue, and purple,
and scarlet, and fine twined linen.
■*It was foursquare; they made the
breastplate double : a span icas the
length thereof, and a span the breadth
thereof, beiiiff doubled.'^ ^'^And they
set in it four rows*^ of stones : the
first row tvas a sardius,P a topaz,<^
and a carbimcle f this teas the first
row. ^^ And the second row, an eme-
rald," a sapi)hire, and a diamond.^
^'■^And the third row, a ligure,* an
agate, and an amethyst.^ ^^ And
the fourth row, a beryl,''' an onyx,
and a jasper :" thei/ u'cre inclosed in
ouches of gold in their inclosings.
^^And the stones iccre according to
the names of the children of Israel,
twelve, according to their names, like
the engra\ings of a signet, every
OTIC with his name, according to the
twelve tribes. ^^ And they made
upon the breastplate chains at the
ends, q/'wreathen work o^pure gold.
^"And they made two ouches o/gold.

and two gold rings ; and put the two
rings in the two ends of the breast-
plate. i^And they put the two
wreathen chains of gold in the two
rings on the ends of the breastplate.
^^ And the two ends of the two
wreathen chains they fostened in the
two ouches, and put them on the
shouldcrpieces of the ephod, before
it. ^'''And they made two rings of
gold, and put them on the two ends
of the bi'eastplate, upon the border
of it, Avhieh icas on the side of the
ephod inward. '-^ And they made two
other- golden rings, and put them on
the two sides of the ephod under-
neath, toward the forepart of it, over
against the otlicr coupling thereof,
ahove the curious girdle of the ephod.
■-' x\nd they did bind the breastplate
by his rings unto the rings of the
cphod with a lace of blue, that it
might be above the curious girdle of
the ephod, and that the breastplate
might not be loosed from the ephod ;
as the Lord commanded Moses.

2'^ And he made the robe* of the
ephod of woven work, all of blue./
-^ And there was an hole in the midst
of the robe, as the hole of an haber-
geon, icith a band round about the
liole, that it should not rend. ^^And
they made upon the hems of the robe
pomegranates of blue, and purple,
and scarlet, and twined linen. '"^^And
they made bells o/pure gold, and put
the bells between the pomegranates
upon the hem of the robe, round
about between the pomcgi'anatcs ; '■^"a
bell and a pomegi'anate, a bell and
a pomegranate, round about the hem
of the robe to minister in ; as the
LoitD commanded Moses.

''^'^And they made coats of fine
linen of woven work for Aaron, and
for his sons, '^''and a mitre of fine
linen, and goodly bonnets of fine
linen, and linen breeches of fine
twined liiu^n, '■^■'aiid a girdle of fine
twined linen, and blue, and purple,
and scarlet, of needlework ; as the
LoKD commanded Moses.

<r (Some aa Die
modem topaz ; the
prevailing colour
of this precious
stone is wine yel-
low in every de-
gree of shade.
Jl'ic. Bib.)

T (Josephut, fol-
lowing the 8cp-
tuagint, intei-
prits this as the
emerald.)

V (Dr. Kitlo says,
we should per-
haps refer to the
precious <t noble
garnet, as agree-
ing best with the
rmdering of the
Si'ptuftffint,
" glowing coal")

s (The Greek ver-
sions give ovv^,
the onyx as the
represmtntive of
this word. This
is more probable
than any other
the stone intend-
ed. Kitto.)

best
hya

4> (Agrees
with our
cinlh.)

X (The oriental
amethyst isa gem
of a vioht colour
and of great bril-
liancy.)

xj/ (airysolite ;
green, declining
to a yellow and
of a splendid ex-
t.rnal lustre.)

(o (Tlte brown E-
gyptian quart:.
It occurs loose in
the sands.)

/Ch. 28, 31.

aCh.28,a3.CrAis
robe was one
long straight
piece of blue
cloth, with a hole
or opening in the
centre for the
head to pass
through ; which
hole or opening
was bound about,
that it might not
be rent in putting
it on, or taking it
off. Clarke.)

EX. 39,30.1
40, 38. 1

EXGDUS.

'A.M. 3834.
[ B.C. 1607.

a (Separation
from all that is
earthly <t loorld-
ly, impure or pro-
Jane, common and
in/t rior, become th
the heart,the soul,
the conscience, tfc
the life of him
v!ho aspires to
ohtaininji that
communion with
God v:hich,thoii(/h
it begins on earth,
is only compht-
ed ivith God ami
Christ in heaven.
Townsend.)

(3 (This refers
to the command
given ch. 25, 40,
and Moses has
taken care to re-
peat every thing
in the most cir-
ctimstnntial de-
tail, to shew that
he, had conscien-
tiously observed
all the directions
he had received.
Clarke.)

y (To he trimmed
and fresh oiled
Kvery day for the
purpose of being
lighted in the eve-
ning. Ch. 27,
21.)

6 Heb^ the incense
uf sweet spices.

6 Ch. 35, 10.
(The people hnv-
ing contributed to
the work, are said
to have made it.)

f (As being the
general superin-
tetulent of (he
whole, under
whom Jiezahel &
A holiab were em-
ployed, at the
other workmen
were under them.
Clarke. About
six months had
been employed in
the construction

of it.)

^•^And they made the plate of the
holy crown of pure gold, and wrote
upon it a writing, like to the engrav-
ings of a signet, HOLINESS* TO
TilE LORD. 31 And they tied unto
it a lace of blue, to fasten it on high
upon the mitre ; as the Lord com-
manded Moses.

3-Thus^ was all the work of the
tabernacle of the tent of the con-
gregation finished : and the children
of Israel did according to all that
the Loud commanded Moses, so did
they.

^ And they brought the tabernacle
unto Moses, the tent, and all his fur-
niture, his taches, his boards, his
bars, and his pillars, and his sockets,
^ and the covering of rams' skins
dyed red, and the covering of bad-
gers' skins, and the vail of the cover-
ing, 3^ the ark of the testimony, and
the staves thereof, and the mercy
seat, ^'^the table, and all the vessels
thereof, and the shewbread, ^^the pure
candlestick, ivifh the lamps thereof,
even ivith the lamps to be set in or-
der,v and all the vessels thereof, and
the oil for light, ^^and the golden
altar, and the anointing oil, and the
sweet^ incense, and the hanging for
the tabernacle door, ^^ the brasen
altar, and his grate of brass, his
staves, and all his vessels, the laver
and his foot, ^'^the hangings of the
court, his pillars, and his sockets,
and the hanging for the court gate,
his cords, and his i)ins, and all the
vessels of the service of the taber-
nacle, for the tent of the congi-ega-
tion, ■^^the cloths of service to do ser-
vice in the hol}^ place, and the holy
garments for Aaron the priest, and
his sons' garments, to minister in the
priest's office.

^2 According to all that the Lokd
commanded Moses, so the children
of Israel made* all the work.

^^And Mosesf did look upon all
the work, and, behold, they had done
it as the Loku had commanded, even so

had they done it : and Moses blessed^
them.

Y T 1 A.M. 3a34. B.C. 1607. r I 0 '1

-^^-'-'•J Wilderness of Sinai. [_i-Ut>

The tabernacle is set up. The glory
of God fills it.

AND the Lord spake'' unto Moses,
saying, " On the first day of
the first^ month shalt thou set up the
tabernacle of the tent of the congre-
gation. 3 And thou shalt put therein
the ark of the testimony,'- and cover
the ark with the vail. ^And thou
shalt bring'' in the table, and set^ in
order the things'' that are to be set
in order upon it ; and thou shalt
bring in the candlestick, and light
the lamps thereof. ^ And thou shalt
set the altar of gold for the incense
before the ark of the testimony, and
put the hanging of the door^ to the
tabernacle. ''And thou shalt set the
altar of the burnt offering before the
door of the tabernacle of the tent of
the congregation. '^ And thou shalt
set the laver^' between the tent of the
congregation and the altar, and shalt
put water therein. *^And thou shalt
set up the court round about, and
hang up the hanging at the covu-t
gate,

''And thou shalt take the anoint-
ing oil,^ and anoint the tabernacle,
and all that is therein, and shalt hal-
low it, and all the vessels thereof:
and it shall be holy. ^°And thou
shalt anoint the altar of the burnt
oftering, and all his vessels, and
sanctify the altar : and it shall be an
altar most holy.'^ ^^ And tJiou shalt
anoint the laver and his foot, and
sanctify it.

^''^And thou shalt bring Aaron'"
and his sons unto the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation, and
wash them with water. ^^And thou
shalt put upon Aaron the holy gar-
ments, and anoint" him, and sanctify
him ; that he may minister unto Me
in the priest's office.

^'^And thou shalt bring his sons.

g So Joshua

blessed (the two
tribes <t a half.)
Jos. 22, 6. Da-
vid blessed the
people. 2 Sa. 6,
18. So Solomon.
1 Ki. 8, 14. (In
the days of Jleze-

kinh) the Le-

vites blessed the
people. 2 Chr.
30,27.

ij (In the latter
end of the twelfth
month.)

0 {In the second
year current of
Israel's depar-
ture outof Egypt,
in the month
Abib.)

iVe. 21. Ch.26,
33. Nu. 4, 5.
( The tables con-
taining the ten
commandments.)

AVe. 22. Ch.26
35.

iVe. 23. Ch. 25,
30. Le. 24, 5, 6.

K Heb., the order

thereof.

\ ( When the table,
candlestick, atui
altar of incense
were put into the
Holy Place.)

7vVe. 30. Ch.30,
18.

I Ch. 30, 26.

IJ. Ileb., Jioliness
of hoUnesses. Ch.
29, 36, 37.

m Le. 8, 1 — 36.

124

A.M. 3834.7
B.C. 1607. i

'roidered.)
7,24.

only them,

irponUrit;/
who shall
no other li-
ng in stu>
■/ gcnera-

Jcwish sn-
^ were nerer
'd after the
rtion ofJe-
■ m, and the
■ ' n of their
lieslscetised
. and why f
i..,:iu.ie the true
I'liist it the true
S<i'rijice were
come, and the
types icere no
lonyer necessary
a/I' rthemanifes-
Uilion of the An-
titype. ' Clarke.)

/3 (The same is
so id of Xoah,
c;.'. 6,"22.)

p {Alu'ut the mid-
dle of our March.)

(r( fiextsdwrlliny.)
Vo. 1. Nu. 7, 1.

T (That is, the eo-
v rings made of
riiin.*i' skins, li'c.)

qCh. 2G, 33, aud
3;., 12.

r Ti.i.i wir.<i in the
t;iliirii.icli',
wliicli is called
the Holiest of
all. Ue. 9, 3.

u (The golden ta-
ll' with the sheto-
bread, the golden
candlestick, and
the gold>n altar
of incense, were
all in the taber-
nacle within the
hanging of the
Ilnly I'lacj; and
villioul the vail
of the Most Holy.)

s Ch. 26, 35.

f Ch.25,37.(That
is, outside the
vail that amceal-
ed the Most IMy
}-l.,.-e..)

EXODUS.

and clothe tliein with coats :'' ^'^and
thou shalt anoint thcin, as thou didst
anoint their father, tliat they niay
minister unto Me in the priest's office:
for their anointing shall surely be an
everlasting" priesthood throughout
their^ generations.""^

^"Thus did Moses: according to
all that the Loud commanded him,
so did he.^

^^ And it came to pass in the firsts
month in the second year, on the
first (lay of the month, that the taber-
naele"" was reared up. ^'^And Moses
reared up the tabernacle, and fas-
tened his sockets, and set up the
boards thereof, and put in the bars
thereof, and reared up his pillars,
^^And he spi*ead abroad the tenf
over the tabernacle, and put the co-
vering of the tent above upon it ;'/
as the LoKD commanded Moses.

'^*'And he took and put the testi-
mony into the ark, and set the staves
on the ark, and put the mercy seat
above upon the ark : ^^ and he brought
the ark into the tabernacle, and set
up the vail of the covering, and
covered the ark*" of the testimony ;
as the LoHi) commanded Moses.

^'^And he put the table in the tent
of the congregation, upon the side of
the tabernacle northward, witliout"
the vail. '-^^And he set the bread in
order upon it before the Loun ; as
the LoKi) had conunanded Moses.

^■*And he put the candlestick* in
the tent of the congi-egation, over
against the table, on the side of the
tabernacle southward. -^ And he
lighted the lamps' before the Lord;
as the Lord commanded Moses.

^•"And he ])ut the golden altar in
the tent of the congregation before

he burnt sweet in-
as the Loud com-

up the hanging at
tabernacle. ''"'And

the vail : '■^'^and
cense" thereon ;
manded Moses.

^And he set
the door of the
he put the altar of burnt offering by
the door of the tabernacle of the tent
of the congregation,* and oftered
upon it the burnt otfering'' and the
meat oftering ; as the Loud com-
manded Moses.

^•' And he set the laverx between the
tent of the congregation and the altar,
and put water there, to wash u-itlial.

^^And Moses and Aaron and his
sons washed''' their hands and their
feet thereat: ^"■^when they went into
the tent of the congregation, aud
when they came near unto the altar,
they washed ; as the Lokd com-
manded Moses.

^^And he reared up the court"
round about the tabernacle and the
altar, and set up the hanging of the
com*t gate.

So Closes finished" the work.

^Then a cloud covered the tent of
the congregation, and the Glory^ of
the Loud filled the tabernacle. ^And
Moses was not able to enter into the
tent of the congi-egation, because the
cloud abode thereon, and the (ilory
of the l^OKD filled the tabernaclcy

^''And when the cloud was taken
up from over the tabernacle, the
children of Israel went onward* in
all their journeys : ^''but if the cloud
were not taken up, then they jour-
neyed not till the day that it was
taken* up. -^For the cloud of the
Lokd u-as upon the tabernacle by
day, and fire was on it by night, in
the sight of all the house of Israel,
throughout alK their jom'neys.

J EX. 39, 30.
t 40, 38.

u Ch. 30. 7.

<f> (The court of
the people.)

V Two lambs of
tlie first year,
day liy day eoii-

tinunlly tho

one in the

niorninK the

other.. .at even.
Ch. 29, 38. (with)

flour and oil.

Ve. 40.

X (It >ca.rrtiacU.)
Ch. 30, 19, 20.

\li (This was not
now done: it is
mentioned only to
declare the use of
the Utver.)

lit (The court of tit
jHople, made of
posts ii' hangings
surroun'ling the
fabric of the ta-
bernacle.) Ve. 8,
ch. 27, 9—16.

a (Perhaps an
hour or two he-
fore night.)

j3 (Hy this mira-
culous deiw/nstra-
tion, Uodgave an
evidence of His
being nigh unto
them, in all things
tluit they might
have occasion to
call upon Him
for.)

y (liemovejl from
the lent of jfoses
(t oarne hither.)

S lleh., journeyed.

t(The Lord, ic A <).»<•
glorious prejience
was in the cloud,
led them in all
their removals.)

^ (The cloud <t the
fire were the same.
This token of
God's presence
never left them
while in the wil-
demess.)

12o

THE

THIRD BOOK OF MOSES,

LEVITICUS.

IN the Hebrew canon this book received its name from its initial word. B)^ the f?eptuagint it is called
Aev'iTtKov, and by the Yulgate "Leviticus," which name has been retained by all modern versions. It was
so styled because it treats of those rites and ceremonies, the charge of which pertained to the Levitical priest-
hood. For the same reason it was by the Targumists denominated " the law of the priests," and " the law of
tlie offerings." " It exhibits," as Havernick well says, " the historical progress of the Sinaitic legislation,"
and is thus intimately connected with the previous book, at the conclusion of which the tabernacle is described,
with which all the external worship of the Jews was to be connected. Hence its laws are promulgated not
from the summit of iSinai, but from the tabernacle itself. The book was evidently written by Moses. " Every-
thing," says Havernick, " has reference to life in a camp, and that camp commanded by Moses, ch. iv. 12, 21 ;
vi. 1 1 ; xiv. 8 ; xvi. 26, 28." It covers a period of about a month. I3y the Jews it is divided into ten parshioth,
and twenty-three sedarim. Its contents may be classified as follows : —

I. Laws concerning SACRrFicES.

1. Burnt-offerings chap. i.

2. Meat-offerings ,, ii.

3. Peace-offerings „ iii.

4. Sin-offerings „ iv., v.

5. Trespass-offerings ,, vi., vii.

II. Institution op the Priesthood.

1. The consecration of Aaron and his sons ,, viii.

2. The priest-offerings „ ix.

3. The destruction of Nadab and Abihu ,, x.

III. Laws affecting clean and unclean animals ,, xi.

IV. Laws respecting purification.

1. Of women ,, xii.

2. Of leprous persons ,, xiii., xiv.

3. Of those having issues ,, xv.

V. Miscellaneous Eegulations.

1. The day of atonement „ xvi.

2. The place of sacrifices ,, xvii.

3. Things prohibited to bo eaten ,, xvii.

4. Incestuous connexion „ xviii.

5. Idolatry, &c ,, xix. — xxii.

VI. Laws respecting festivals, &c.

1. The sabbath, &c „ xxiii.

2. Kites respecting the festivals „ xxiv.

3. The sabl)atic year „ xxv.

4. Prohibition of idolatry ,, xxvi.

5. Of vows and tithes ,, xxvii.

The pure morality of this book, and the impressiveness and importance of its types, will ever endear it to
the true child of God.

126

A.M. 3834.
U.C. 1607.

LEVITICUS.

J IE. 1, 1.
i 2,4.

, (Rather, thim.)

} (Dt liceredto h im
an auilihle
ce the seven
follmoing chap-
ters.)

f (The vitihie
du-elling which
He had been
pleased to ap-
point.)

S (Bather, trhen.)

t That is, a sacri-
fice.

f That is, bul-
locks, sheep, and
goats.

I) (Being esteemed
t/ie best, <t- there-
J'l re principally
appointed.)

a ...If it be lame
or blind, orliavis
any ill bleniisli,
thoii slialt not
saorilire it unt<>
the Liinu thv
G..a. De. 15, -.'i.
Kx. 1-', 5. Mai.
1, .'^. He. 9, 14.
1 IV. 1, ly.

0 (Or, that he mai/
Jinil a favnuralilc
acrejitance with
God.)

1 (Transferring to
it the punishment
dw tohimsftf. In
t/tesi offerings, de-
signed to propi-
tiate the anger oj
Jehovah, thf
priests did not
share.)

K (In later times
thi-i was done by
the J,.ritcs:) 2
Chr. 35, 11.

6 Calves of a

year ul(l...Mi. (!,
6.

A (The Jewish
writers say
tW'lvr.)

fx (Done every
morning tt every
night to prevent
itsgoin</out.)V\\.
9, 24. See ch. 10.

y (Typifying Jc-
SU.1 the niciliator
of the new cove-
nant...and ...the
blcMid ... without
which there is no
occi ss to God.)
He. 12, 24. 1 I'e.
1, 2.

I-]

A.M. .'JS.'VJ. n.o. 1B07. Sinai. fl OP,
(In ch. xxvii. 3^4 these command- L"*- ^^
nients are said to have been given
in Mount Sinai. There is no con-
tradiction. They were uttored out of
the tabernacle in the mountainous

region of Sinai.)
0/ the holocaust, or whole burnt offering.

AND" the Lord called inito INfoses,
and .■^pake^ unto liiiii out of the
tabernacle'*' of the congregation, say-
ing, '^ " Speak iiuto the children of
Israel, and say unto them, If* any
man of yon bring an otfering-* nnto
the LoKi), ye shall bring yom* offer-
ing of the cattle, even of the herd,
and of the flock.f "^ If his offering
be a burnt sacrifice of the herd, let
him offer a male'' without blemish :"
he shall offer it of his own voluntary"
will at the door of the tabernacle of
the congregation before the Lord.
*And he shall put' his hand upon
the head of the burnt offering ; and
it shall be accepted for him to make
atonement for him. '^And he* shall
kill the bullock before the Lord :
and the priests, Aaron's sons, shall
bring the blood, and sprinkle the
blood round about upon the altar that
is bi/ the door of the tabernacle of
the congregation. ^And he shall
flay the burnt offering,' and cut it
into his ])ieces,^ ^And the sons of
Aaron the priest shall put fire upon
the altar, and lay*^ the wood in order
upon the fire : **and the pnests, Aa-
ron's sons, shall lay the parts, the
head, and the fat, in order iipon the
wood that is on the fire" which /*• upon
the altar : ^but his inwards and his
legs shall he wash in water: and the
priest shall burn all on the altar, to be
a burnt sacrifice, an offering made by
fire, of a sweet° savour unlo the Lord.
'•'And if his offering be of the
flocks, name/)/, of the sheep, or of
the goats, for a burnt sacrifice ; he
shall bring it a male without ble-
mish. 11 And he shall kill it on the
side of the altar northward before
the Lord : and the pnests, Aaron's
sons, shall sprinkle his blood round
about upon the altar, i- And he shall

cut- it into his pieces, with his head
and his fat : and the priest shall lay
them in order ou the wood that is on
the fire which /*• iipon the altar :
i^'but he shall wash the inwards^ and
the legs with water : and the jjriest
shall bring it all, and burn it upon
the altar : it is a burnt sacrifice, an
offering made by fire, of a sweet
savour unto the Lord.

i^And if the burnt sacrifice for his
offering to the Lord be of fowls,'*'
tlien he shall bring his offering of
turtledoves, or of young pigeons.
i^And the priest shall bring it unto
the altar, and wring* off his head,
and burn it on the altar ; and the
blood thereof shall be wrung out at
the side of the altar : i" and he shall
pluck away his crop with his' fea-
thers, and cast it beside" the altar on
the east part, by the place of the
ashes : ^"and he shall cleave^ it with
the wings thereof, but shall not divide
// asunder :* and the priest shall burn
it upon the altar, \ipon the wood that
is upon the fire : it is a bm-nt sacri-
fice, an offering made by fire, of a
sweef savour unto the Lord."

TT "I 0/ the bread offering (or gift) which followed
•*•-'■ -J the burnt offering.

" A ND when any will ofler a meat^
XjL offering unto the Lord, his
offering shall be 0/ fine flour;* and
he shall pour oil'^ upon it, and put
frankincense/^ thereon : ^and he shall
bring it to Aaron's sons the priests :
and lie shall take thereout his hand-
ful of the flour thereof, and of the
oil thereof, with all the frankincense
thereof; and the priest shall burn
the memorial of it upon the altar, to
be an offering made by fire, of a
sweet'' savour unto the Lord: ^and
the remnant of the meat offering
shall be Aaron's'' and his sons' : it is
a thing most holy of the offerings of
the Lord made by fire.

■*And if thou bring an oblation of
a meat offering baken in the ovtMi,*"
it shall be unleavened cakes of fine

z Mortify there-
fore your mem-
bers which aro
upon the earth
...Col. 8, 4.

/3 (Teaching that
the motives of
the heart must be
cleansed.)

y (If his poverty
prevents his
bringing any of
the former.) Ch.
5, 7, and 12, 8.
Lu. 2, 24.

S Or, pinch off the
head with the nail.
So t/u! Talmud-
ists, Scb. 64, 2.
But Gesenius <t
De Welle, break
or crack. See
ch. 5, 8.

filth

e Or, tli£
thereof.

a Ch. 6, 10.

5 (It was to be so
cloven as not to
be .separated, hut
the parts were
to remain hang-
ing together.)

b The birds

(Abraham) di-
vided not. Ge
15, 10.

>j ( Whatever was
the oblation, it
made no differ-
ence in its accept-
ance with God.)

0 (Bather, a bread
offerinq.) Ch. 6,
14, & 9, 17. Nu
1.^, 4, (mincha.)
Cain brought of
the fruit of the
ground a "min-
cha" or offering
to the I.uUD.
Go. 4, 3.

K (Here, wheaten.
It might he offer-
ed in jive different
forms, verses 2,
4, 5, 7, 14.)

A (Typifying th
inJIuenr^S of th*
Spirit.)

(L (Heartfelt pray-
er.)

c Thy prayers &
thine alms are
come up for a
memorial l>efore
Gml. Ac. 10, 4.

d In the Most
Holy |)lacc8halt
thou eat it...Nu.
18,9.

V { ^lay oven or pit,
still in use in the
hast.)

I'l'i

LE. 2, 5. I

4, 16. ]"

LEVITICUS.

i A.M. 3834.
1 B.C. 1607.

f Or, a Jlat plate
or slicf..)

> (A shaUow
earthen pan.)

T ( What was most
holy could be eat-
en only by the
priests.)

p (Denoting insin-
cerity, hypocrisy,
or inward wick-
edness.) Ch. 6,
17. Mat. 16, 12.
Ma. 8, 15. Lit.
12,1. 1 Co. 5,8.
Ga. 5, 9.

a (From its lia-
bility to become
.<!our and ferment.
So Roseniniiller,
Winer, Baum-
gartmi, Balir,
Gerlach,&c. r/^-
Jewish lidhliins
have a verb tlr-
rived from ^m,
which signifus In
ferment. Buxtorf,
Lex., p. 500.)

T (That is, q/co;'«
ungrowul.)

d Ex. 22, 29.

V Heb., ascend.

<f) (The opposite of
leaven, and denot-
ing purity, cheer-
fulness, and wi.1-
dom.) Ma. 9, 49.
Col. 4, 6.

X (Implying, by its
incorruptibility,
the pei-ynnnencc
of the covenant.)
Nu. 18, 19. Eze.
43,24.

ij/ (Xol the first
fruits at harvist
time, but the first
ripe fruits before
the rest were
ready.)

(o (Itather, bread.)

a (Differing from
the one before
Tnentifmed, it be-
ing made of flour
of old corn, this
of new.)

e 2 Ki. 4, 42.

P (To give it, as it
were, a grateful
relish.)

y(To make a sweet
odour.)

flour mingled with oil, or unleavened
wafers anointed with oil.

^And if thy ohlation be a meat
ofterini^ baken in a pan,^ it shall he
o/fine flom- unleavened, mingled with
oil. ^Thou slialt part it in pieces,
and povir oil thereon : it is a meat
offering,

^And if thy ohlation be a meat
offering baken in the fryingpan," it
shall be made of fine flour with oil.
^ And thou shalt bring the meat offer-
ing that is made of these things unto
the Lord : and when it is presented
unto the priest, he shall bring it
unto the altar. ^ And the priest shall
take from the meat offering a memo-
rial thereof, and shall burn it upon
the altar : it is an ottering made by
fire, of a sweet savour unto the Lord.
^•^And that which is left of the meat
offering shall be Aaron's'^ and his
sons' : it is a thing most holy of the
offerings of the Lord made by fire.

^^ No meat offering, which ye shall
bring unto the Lord, shall be made
Avith leaven :P for ye shall bm*n no
leaven, nor any honey, "^ in any offer-
ing of the Lord made by fire.

^■^As for the oblation of the first-
fruits,'^ ye shall offer'' them unto the
Lord : but they sliall not be burnt"
on the altar for a sweet savour.

^^And every oblation of thy meat
offering slialt thou season with salt ;*
neither shalt thou suffer the salt^ of
the covenant of tliy God to be lack-
ing from thy meat offering : with all
thine offerings thou shalt offer salt.

^'^ And if thou offer a meat offering
of thy firstfruits''' unto the Lord,
thou shalt offer for the meat" offering
of thy firstfi-uifs green"' ears of corn
dried by the fire, even corn beaten
out of full ears.« ^^ And thou shalt
put oil^ upon it, and lay frankincense'*'
thereon: it is a meat offering. '^And
tlie priest shall burn the memorial of
it, part of the beaten corn tliereof,
and part of the oil thereof, with all
the frankincense thereof: it is an of-
fering made by fire unto the Lord."

Of the peace offering, procurative of
prosperity.

III.]

" A '

l\_ of peace* offering, if he offer it
of the herd ; whether it be a male or
female, he shall offer it without ble-
mish before the Lord.

^And he shall lay his hand^ upon
the head of his offering, and kill it
at the door of the tabernacle of tlie
congregation : and Aaron's sons the
priests shall sprinkle/ the blood upon
the altar round about. ^ And he shall
offer of the sacrifice of the peace
offering an offering^ made by fire
unto the Lord ; the faf that co-
vereth the inwards, and all the fat
that is upon the inwards, ^ and the
two kidneys, and the fat that is on
them, which is by the flanks, and
the cauF above the liver, with the
kidneys, it shall he take away. ^ And
Aaron's sons' shall bm-n it on the
altar upon the burnt sacrifice, which
is upon the wood that is on the fire :
it is an offering made by fire, of a
sweet savom*'' luito the Lord.

^And if his offering for a sacrifice
of peace offering unto the Lord be
of the flock ; male or female, he shall
offer it without blemish.^'

'''If he offer a lamb for his offering,
then shall he offer it before the Lord.
'^And he shall lay his hand upon the
head of his offering, and kill it before
the tabernacle of the congregation :
and Aaron's sons shall sprinkled the
blood thereof round about upon the
altar. '-^And he shall offer of the
sacrifice of the peace offering an offer-
ing made by fire unto the Lord ; the
fat thereof, and the whole rump,'^ it
shall he take off' hard by the back-
bone ; and tlie fat that covereth the
inwards, and all the fat that is upon
the inwards, ^''and the two kidneys,
and the fat tliat is upon them, which
is by the flanks, and the caul above
the liver, with the kidneys, it shall
he take away, ^^ And the ])riest shall
burn it upon the altar : it is the food''

S (Thepeace offer-
ings were three-
fold: eucharistlc,
votive and vo-
liuitary. They
did not, Heng-
slenherg thinks,
represent theper-
son of the of-
ferer, hut only
his gift. Hence
they could never
immediately fol-
low a sin offering,
and had always
a burnt offering
as tlieir basis.

e (In acJcnowledg-
ment of God's
mercy.) Ex. 29,
10. Ch. 1, 4, 5.

/ Witliout shed-
ding of blood is
no remission.
He. 9, 22.

^ (After the sacri-
fices were cut up.)

7) Or, suet.

d Or, midriff over
the liver, iH over
the kidneys.)

I (Some of those
that minister that
ilay.)

K (Acceptable as
the testimony of
sincere devotion.)

g Cursed be the
deceiver, which
hath in liis iiock
a male, & voW'
eth & sacrificeth
to tlie houu
corrupt tiling
Mai. 1, 14.

X (Signifying in
every case, thai
access to God
could only be had
through a medi-
ator.)

^ (The fat tail,
weighing some-
times npumrds of
fifteen pounds.)

k ...My bread (or
food). ..the fat &
the blood. ..Kze.
44,7. Mai. 1,7,
12. So it is said.
Where are their
gods. ..which did
cat tlie fat of
their sacrifices,
and drank the
wine of their
drink offerings ?
De. 32, 38.

128

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607.;

LEYITICL'S.

f LE. 2, 5.
L 4, 16.

i The sin of

(J/,i,,/,„i ami
l'hiiich(is) was
very pri'iit 1)0-
fiirc tlio Loitu,
for... 1)0 fore tlioy
burnt the fat, tho
priest's servant
came, anil said
to the man that
sacrificed, Give
flesh to roast
(/vj(/') for the
priest...! Sa. 2,
17,15. 2thr.7,7.

V (The fat that ex-
ists in an un-
nii-crd statf, as
the omentum, or
ciiitl, the mi'seii-
ti-r;/, the fat of
the kidneys it the
tail. Other fat
vas not forhid-
di-n.) {He made
him eat)...\n\iWT
of kine iinil milk
of sheej) with fat
<.f lnnil.s...l)o.

32, U. No. 8, 10.

k Ch. 17, 11. Do.
12, 16. 1 Sa. 14,

33. Ez.44,7, 15.

I Whooar. nndor-
standhiserrors?
l's.l9,12.(U7i'n'
the same Jfehrew
v'Dnl occurs.) C\\.
."i, t.'j, 17. Nu. 15,
22. 1 Sa. 14, 27.

m Hint) if wc sin
wilfiiliy after
that we have re-
ceived the know-
led^foof thetnith

(i.e., re fuse toavail
oursrlvrs of the
appointed sacri-
Jice when our sin
com'S to our

klinicled(/r), tllCrO

reniaineth no
more sacrifice
for sins. ..lie. 10,
2G.

f (Implying that
till his sin xrns
expiated, he had
not the priciUye
to go up to wor-
ship.)

o (Praying that
the victim may
bear the iniqui-
ties he con/essen.)

129

of tlie oftering made by fire unto the

LOKI).

*^Aiul if Ills ortVring be a goat,
then he shall ott'ev it before the Lokd.
'■^Aiul he shall lay his hand upon the
head of it, and kill it before the ta-
bernacle of the congregation : and the
sons of Aaron shall sprinkle the blood
thereof upon the altar round about.

^^And he shall oifer thereof his
offering, even an offering made by
fire unto the Lokd ; the fat that eo-
veveth the inwards, and all tiie fat
that is upon the inwards, '•''and the
two kidneys, and the fat that /*•
upon them, which is by tlie flanks,
and the caul above the liver, Avitli the
kidneys, it shall he take away. ^*' And
the priest shall burn them upon the
altar : it is the food of the oftering
made by fire for a sweet savour : all
the fat is the Lord's.'

^^ It shall be a perjietual statute
for your generations throughout all
your dwellings, that ye eat neither
fat" nor blood.''*

IV.]

0/ sacrijices for sins of ignorance.

ND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 2" Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, saying. If a soul
shall sin through ignorance' against
any of the commandments of the
Lord concerning things which ought
not to be done, and shall do against
any of them : ^if the priest that is
anointed do sin according lo the sin
of the peojde ; then let him bring
for his sin,'" which he hath sinned,
a young bullock without blemish unto
the Lord for a sin oftering.

*And he shall bring the bullock
unto the door^ of the tabernacle of
the conp-egation before the Lord ;
and shall lay° his hand upon the
bullock's head, and kill the bullock
before the Lord. ^And the priest
that is anointed .><hall take of the bul-
lock's blood, and bring it to the taber-
nacle of the congregation : "and the
priest shall dip his finger in the blood,

and sprinkle of the blood seven" times
before the ].,oKi), before the vail of
the sanctuary. "^ And the priest shall
put some of the blood uikhi the horns
of the altar of sweet incense before
the Lord, which /*• in the tabernacle
of the congregation ; and shall pour
all the blood of the bulh)ck at the
bottom of the altarP of the burnt ofter-
ing, w Inch is at the door of the taber-
nacle of the congregation. ^And he
shall fake oft' from it all the fat of
the bullock for the sin offering ; the
fat tliat covereth the inwards, and all
the fat that is upon the inwards, -'and
the two kidneys, and the fat that is
upon them, which is by the Hanks,
and the caul above the liver, with
the kidneys, it shall he take away,
^•^as"^ it was taken oft' from the bullock
of the sacrifice of peace oft'erings :
and the priest shall burn them upon
the altar of the burnt oft'ering. ^'And
the skin of the bullock, and all his
fiesh, with his head, and with his
legs, and his iuward.-<, and his dung,
^'■^even the whole bullock shall he
cany forth without the camp unto a
clean place, where" the ashes are
poured out," and burn him on the
wood with fire : where* the ashes ai"e
poured out shall he be burnt.

^•" And if the wholes: congi'Cgation
of Israel sin through ignorance, and
the thing be hid from the eyes of the
assembly, and they have done some-
what against any of the command-
ments of the Loud concerning things
which should not be done, and are
guilty; ^^when the sin, which they
have sinned against it, is known,
then the congregation shall oft'er a
young bullock for the sin, and bring
him before the tabernacle of the con-
gregation.

*^And the ciders of the congrega-
tion shall lay their hands upon the
head of the bullock before the Lord :
and the bullock" shall be killed be-
fore the Lord. '"^And the priest
that is anointed shall bring of the
bullock's blood to the tabernacle of

n ('.SVucH has the
idea of cnmpli le-
W.1S asH,Kiat.d

uith it.)

p (Signifying that
o'lr prayers wil!
he acripted, only
if off' red in the
7iame of Christ.)

<T (All sin as to
its source tt con-
sef/uenc^s lieing
the same, the same
Cfremnnies ore to
be observed a.i in
expiation of sins
of the icill and
affections.)

T Ilcb., to witfiout
the camp,

V (Denoting wltai
we deserve, exclu-
si/>n from the
presence of Gotl.)

n 'Wlicrcforc .Tc-
BMsalsu, that lie
might sanctify
the peo])le witli
His own hlood,
siitTered without
the gate. lie. 13,
12.

<(, Hob., at the
priiiring out of
the ashes.

X (All might com-
mit the sins tchich
result from igno-
rance or impru-
dence ; from in-
accurate reason-
ing ; from the
wrong useof their
individual Judg-
ment ; from im-
pulse or caprict ;
from forgetful-
ness of God's law,
or from mi-sttik-
ing its meaning.
Townseud.)

o Christ boinR
come an Iligli
Priest of pmkI
things to come,
hy a j^reater nnil
more jx-rfect fu-
N'nmcle, not
made with hands
...Neitliorhythe
blood of poats &
calve.s, iMit I>y
His own hlooil,
lie entered in
once into the
holy place, hav-
ing; obtained
eternal rodenij)-
tion for Its. He.
9, 11, 12.

LE. 4, 17. 1

5, 19. ;

LEVITICUS.

/A.M. 3834.
I. B.C. 1607.

p ..."Wc joy in
God throuj,'!iinir
Lord tJusus
Cbrist, by wliom
we have now re-
ceiviHl the atone-
ment (or rtcunci-
Ikition). Ko.5, 11.

'J ITe is the propi-
tiation tor our
bius...lJno. 2, 2.

i// (A less valunhhi
sacrijicet/iaii Unit
fm- the. sill of lla
prieM. Jieliffious
'.rrors are more
dangerous d: in-
iurious thiin poli-
tical mistakes.
Townsend.)

01 (Dr. Kitto ol-
Sfrves thai tlicse
offerings may he
considered as a
sort of committid
pmi ishmen t,wh ich
operated oidi/
ivhen a man's
conscience
prompt'd him to
ri vobiiitiir'i nc-
himirh ihiii,', 1,1 of
/,:>< ••ff,,n; ; Ih-
o,;lu,.,r,ll,nro,„.-
riitinij rn casrs of
detected guilt.)

a Heb., any soul.

fi Hob., people of

the land.

tlie congregation. ^^And the priest
shall dip his finger in some of the
blood, and sprinkle it seven times
before the Lord, even before the
vail. ^^And he shall put some of
the blood upon the horns of the altar
which is before the LoitD, that is in
the tabernacle of the congTegation,
and shall pour out all the blood at
the bottom of the altar of the burnt
offering, which is at the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation. ^^And
he shall take all his fat from him,
and burn it upon the altar. ^^ And
he shall do with the bullock as he
did with the bullock for a sin offer-
ing, so shall he do with this :

And the priest shall make an atone-
ment^^ for them, and it shall be for-
given'' them.

^^And he sliall carry forth the
bullock without the camp, and biuni
him as he burned the first bullock : it
is a sin oft'ering for the congregation.

'^"•^When a ruler hath sinned, and
done somewltat tlu'ovxgh ignorance
against any of the commandments of
the Lord his God concerning things
which should not be done, and is
guilty ; ''^^or if his sin, wherein he
hath sinned, come to his knowledge ;
he sliall bring his offering, a kid"'' of
the goats, a male without blemish :
^■^ and he shall lay his hand upon the
head of the goat, and kill it in the
place where they kill the burnt offer-
ing before the Lord : it is a sin"
offering.

2^ And the priest shall take of the
blood of the sin offering with his
finger, and put it upon the horns of
the altar of burnt offering, and shall
pour out his blood at the bottom of
the altar of burnt offering. ^''And
he shall burn all his fat upon the
altar, as the fat of the sacrifice of
peace offei-ings : and the priest shall
make an atonement for liim as con-
cerning his sin, and it shall be for-
given liim.

^^And if any* one of the common'^
people sin through ignorance, while

he doethv somewhat against any of
the commandments of the Lord con-
cerning tilings which ought not to be
done, and be guilty ; ''^''or if his sin,^
which he hath sinned, come to his
knowledge : then he shall bring his
offering, a kid of the goats, a female
without blemish, for his sin^ which
he hath sinned.^ ^'■'And he shall lay
his hand upon the head of the sin
offering, and slay the sin offering in
the place'' of the burnt offering.
^*^And the priest shall take of the
blood thereof with his finger, and
put it upon the horns of the altar of
burnt offering, and shall pour out all
the blood thereof at the bottom of
the altar. ^^ And he shall take away
all the f;xt thereof, as the fat is taken
away from oft' tlie sacrifice of peace
oft'erings ; and the priest shall burn
it upon the altar for a sweet savour
unto the Lord ; and the priest shall
make an atonement'' for him, and it
shall be forgiven^ him.

"^^And if he bring a lamb for a
sin offering, he shall bring it a female
without blemish. •'■^ And he shall lay
his hand upon the head of the sin
offering, and slay it for a sin oft'ering
in the place Avhere they kill the burnt
oft'ering. ^^And the priest shall take
of the blood of the sin oft'ering with
his finger, and put it upon the horns
of tlie altar of burnt oft'ering, and
shall pour out all the blood thereof
at the bottom of the altar : ^-''and he
sliall take away all the fat thereof,
as the fat of the lamb is taken away
from the sacrifice of the peace offer-
ings ; and the priest shall burn tliein
upon the altar, according to the oft'er-
ings made by fire unto the Lord :
and the priest shall make an atone-
ment for his sin tliat he hath com-
mitted, and it shall be forgiven him."

\7^ 1 ^f sacrifices for suppressing the truth, 1 ;
"J touching an unclean thing, 2, 3; oaths, i; and
wronging our neighbour, vi. 1—7.

" A ND if a soul sin, and hear the
J\_ voice of swearing,^ and is a

y (Wherever men
may reason, men
may err.)

S Tliat is (viola-
tion, of some of
the prohibitory
statutes, doing
something tohich
the lair had for-
biilden to he done.)

e (Even sins of ig-
norance cannot be
overlooked by a
holy law.)

^ ( Hoiv little atten-
tion is paid to
this solemn sub-
ject ! sins com-
mitted heedlessly
are permitted to
accumulate in
their number, &
consequently in
their guilt.
Clarke.)

T) (In the place
vthere he slays.
Kitto's Gyc.)

r He made Ilim
(who knew no
sin) to be sin
(^aixapTiav, a sin
offering, Tlii'Z'n
chattaali,) for
us, that we
miglit be made
tlie righteous-
ness of God in
Uim. 2Co.5, 21.

6 (Let us pray
that it may please
God to give us
true repentance,
to forgive us all
our sins, negli-
gences, d; igno-
rances, and to en-
due us v}ith the
grace of His Holy
Spirit, that we
may amend our
lives according
to Mis holy word.)

j3 (That is, of
adjuration.)

130

A.M. 3834. }
B.C. 1607. i'

LEVITICUS.

j LE. 4, 17.
( 5, 19.

s An oath be

laiil iiix>ii liiin to
cause liini to
8woar...l Ki. H,
31. .Mat. 26, (>1.

t C W'helfxr he can
speak from liis
oicn knowlfdge or
cri ilihU in/orma-
ti.,n.)

f(lle dentwd giiiU;/
nnilliahU- to pun-
ishmtnt.)

t WlioRoover

toucliotlitlie car-
cases of them
shall 1>e iiiiclean
until the even.
Ch. U, 24, 28.
31, 39. Ku. 19,
11.

u Thoupli he wist
it not. Vc. 17.

K (CnadviseJIy.)

V So and more
also do Coil unto
the enemies of
David, if Heave
...hy the nioni-
injr li^'ht any...
C"^' nil th'it p>r-
I'li,, tn X„l.<i').
1 .><a. 2.j, 22. Ae.

2^, 12. S: J,J,',-

thih rr, .111. 11.

31.'IIerod}s\vare

whatsoever

thou shalt ask
of nie. Iwill;Tiv(..
it thet;...Ma. 6,
23.

A (S'ot rightly un-
drr.itnndiiig about
which he strare.)

fi (Has forgnltim
mill ttftfrwards
vcolltcts.)

V (Through tpeak-
nrsfi refuse tn give
evidence, ve. 1, hr
contaminated hi/
fvil extiviple, 2 &
3, or be guilty of
rashness, vc. 4.)

ir ...Makeconfes-
siou unto the
Lord (lod of
your fathers, &
do Ills pleasure,
r.zr. 10, 11.. ..He
that shall huni-
lilehimselfshall
h.> exalted. Mat.
2;i. 12.

f Ilcb., his hnnil
cannot reach to
the sufficiency of
a lamb.

o (His peace was
frst to be made
with U'Hi, <(■ then
h is burn t offering,
or gift, would be
accepted.)

witness,* wlietluM' lie hath seen or
known of if ,' if he do not utter «Y,
then he shall hear^ his iniquity.

^()r if a soul touch any unclean
thing, whether it be a carcase of an
unclean beast, or a carcase of unclean
cattle, or the cjircase of unclean'
cree])ing things, and if it he hidden"
tVoiu hiiu ; he also shall be unclean,
and guilty.

"^Or if he touch the uncleanness of
man, whatsoever uneleanness it be
that a man sliall be detiletl withal, and
it be hid from him ; when lie knoweth
of if, then he shall be guilty,

•^Or if a soul sweai* pronouncing
with his lips to do" evil, or to do
good, whatsoever it be that a man
shall i)ronounce with an oath, and it
be hid from^ him ; when he knoweth'*
of it, then he shall be guilty in one
of these. ^And it shall be, when lie
shall be guilty in one" of these filing.'^,
that he shall confess"' that he hath
sinned in that filing: ''and he shall
bring his trespass offering unto the
LoiU) for his sin whicli he hath sin-
ned, a female from the flock, a lamb
or a kid of the goats, for a sin oft'er-
ing ; and the priest shall make an
atonement for him concerning his sin.
^And if he be not able^ to bring a
lamb, then he .shall bring for his tres-
pass, which he hath committed, two
turtledoves, or two young pigeons,
unto the Lokd ; one for a sin° ofter-
ing, and the other for a burnt otter-
ing. 8 And he shall bring them unto
the priest, who shall offer tiidt which
/*• for the sin offering first, and wring-^
off his head from his neck, but shall
not divide it asunder : ^and he shall
sprinkle of the blood of the sin offer-
ing upon the side of the altar ; and
the rest-' of the blood shall be wrung
out at the bottom of the altar : it is
a sin offering. ^''And he shall offer
the second for a burnt offering, ac-
cording to the manner -."^ and the
priest shall make an atonement for
him for his sin which he liath sinned,
and it shall be fortriven him.

^^ But if he be not able to bring two
turtledoves, or two young ])igeons,
then he that sinned sliall bring for
his offering the tenths ])art of an
ephah of tine flour for a sin offering ;
he shall put no oil upon it, neither
shall he put any frankincense there-
on : for it is a sin- ofl^ering. ^'-^Tlien
shall he bring"^ it to tlie priest, and
the priest shall take his handful of
it, even a iii'UoriaK thereof, and luirn
it on the altur, according" to the offer-
ings made b}' fire unto the LoiU) : it
is a sin oftering.

^^ And the priest shall make an
atonement for him as touching his
sin that he hath sinned in one of
these, and it shall be forgiven him :
and the remnant shall be the priest's,
as a meat ottering."

^* And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^^"If a soul commit a tres-
pass,* and sin through ignorance, in
tlic holy" things of the Loud : then he
shall bring for his trespass unto the
LoiU) a ram without blemish out of
the flocks, with thy estimation by
shekels of silver, after the shekel of
the .sanctuary, for a trespass offering :
^"and he shall make amends for the
harm that he hath done in the holy"^
thing, and shall add the fifth part
thereto, and give it unto the priest :
and the priest shall make an atone-
ment for him with the ram of the
trespass oftering, and it shall be for-
given him.

''^And if a soul sin, and commit
any of these things which are for-
bidden to be done by the command-
ments of the Loud ; though he wist
it not, yet is he guilty, and shall
bearx his iniquit}-. ^^And he shall
bring a ram without blemish out of
the flock, witli thy estimation, for a
trespass oftering, unto the priest :
and the priest shall make an atone-
ment for him concerning his igno-
rance wherein he en-ed and wist it
not, and it shall be forgiven him.
''•'It is a trespass oftering: he hath

X Ch. 1, 16. (Ac
cnrding to the
Talmudists, in
the sin offering
it was nut entirely
pinched off.)

y (.li. 4, 7, 18, 30,
.34.

■IT (Jr, ordiiuinces.
(The one teas
wholly consumed
— /( was the
Liirits; the other
was the priest's,
and was to be
eat'.n by him after
the blootl was
poured out.)

p (Xrarly three
qwirts.)

z ...For it is an
oti'erinjj; of me-
morial, bringing
ini(|uity to re-
membrance.
Nu. 5, 16. (Oil
a ndfra nkincjnse
were tlierefnre
inappropriate.)

IT (Confessing his
sin, for which lie
dejiired that this
offering might be
accpled.)

T (For an acknow-
ledgment of his
fault, and as a
caution to him
hereafter.)

a ...It is a thinK
most holy of the
offerings of the
LiiKD made by
fire. Ch. 2, 3.

'' ...Ananias with
Saii|>hira....sold
a possession. ..«&
kept back part
of the price, his
wife also being
privy tu it. Ac.
5, 1.

V (-Is, neglecting
to redeem the
firstborn, or witli-
holding the first-
fruits, dr.) Sec
'Kzr. 10, 19.

ij> (The value of
what he had ap-
pri'priatal teas to
It*-- s''t d*>wn in
shekels, wh ich was
to Ite. paid d/acn
with the otldition
oftwrnl'i i>rr cent,
anil a ram offered
besiJiS.)

X (A sacrifice must
yet he offered to
ejcjiiate the igno-
rance whicA srem-
ed t» jxiUiiite the
sin.) Lu. 12, 48.
Kzr. 10, 2.

131

LE. 6,1. )

7, 17. ;

LEVITICUS.

f A.M. 3834.
\ B.C. 1607.

lo (An infraction
of imperative sta-
tutes, leaving un-
done something
that the lair com-
manded to be
done. Kitto.)

a (Denying the
trust.)

)3 Or, in dealing.
Heb., putting of
the hand. (Cnr-
rying on a com-
mon trade in joint
stock.)

y (By fraud or ca-
lumny, extortion,
or false accusa-
tion.) Pr. 21, 28,
and 26, 19.

c De. 22, 2.

(/Ex. 22, 11. Ch.
19, 12. Je. 7, 9.
Ze. 5, 4.

& (Achnotrledgas
his guilt.)

e Ch. 5, 16. Nu.
5, 7. 2 Sa. 12, G.
Lu. 19, 8.

e Or, in the day of
his heiny found
guilty.

i Heb., in the day
of his trespass.

/Ch. 5, 12.

g Ch. 4, 26.

■q (That of the
morning and
evening sacrifice.)

e Or, fcr the
hurning.

t (The priests
watching by turns
all night, put the
sacrifice vpon the
attar piece by
piece.)

K (Maintained by
it.)

h When they en-
ter in at the
gates of tlie in-
ner court, tliey
shall be clothed
with linen gar-
ments, and no
wool shall come
upon tlieni. Kzc.
44, 17, 18. Kx.
28, 39. Ch. 16,
4. (Linen is the
ti/pe of purity,
lie. 19, 8.)

certainly trespassed against the
Lord."

,^y -, ^And tlic Lord spake unto
' -'■•J Moses, saying, ^" If a soul sin,
and commit a trespass" against the
Lord, and lie nnto his neighbour in
that -which was delivered him to
keep,* or in fellowship,^ or in a thing
taken away by violence, or hath de-
ceivedv his neighbour; ^or have found
that which was lost,*^ and lieth con-
cerning it, and sweareth falsely ','^ in
any of all these that a man doeth,
sinning therein : * then it sliall be be-
cause he hath sinned, and is guilty,^
that he shall restore that which he
took violently away, or the thing
which he hath deceitfully gotten, or
that which was delivered him to keep,
or the lost thing which he found, ^or
all that about which he hath sworn
falsely ; he shall even restore^ it in
the principal, and shall add the fifth
part more thereto, and give it unto
him to whom it appertaineth, in the
day^ of his trespass^ offering.

*^And he shall bring his trespass
offering unto the Lord, a ram-^ with-
out blemish out of the flock, with
thy estimation, for a trespass offering,
unto the priest : ^ and the priest shall
make an atonement^ for him before
the Lord : and it shall be forgiven
him for any thing of all that he hath
done in trespassing therein."

(The ground traversed over iu chapters i. — v. is

now gone over again, in order to furnish the priests

with supplemental directions as to their part in tlie

oflfering of the sacrifices.)

Of the daily morning and evening sacrifices, 9—18.

^ AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '-^"Command Aaron and his
sons, saying. This is the law of the
burnf offering : It is the burnt offer-
ing, because^ of the burning upon
the altar all night' unto the morning,
and the fire of the altar shall be burn-
ing in it."

^•^And the priest shall put on his
linen garment, and his linen'' breeches
shall he put upon his flesh, and take
up the ashes which the fire hath con-

sumed witli the burnt offering on the
altar, and he shall put them beside
the altar. ^^And he shall put off' his
garments, and put on other garments,^
and carry forth the ashes without the
camp unto a clean^ place. ■^''^ And the
fire upon the altar shall be burning
in it ; it sliall not be put out : and
the priest shall burn wood on it eveiy
morning, and lay the burnt offering
in order upon it ; and he shall burn
thereon the fat of the peace offerings.
^^The fire shall ever be burning upon
the altar ; it shall never go out.'*

^^And this is the law of the meat
offering : the sons of Aaron shall
offer it before the Lord, before the
altar. ^^And he shall take of it his
handful, of the flour of the meat offer-
ing, and of the oil thereof, and all
the frankincense which is upon the
meat offering, and shall burn it upon
tlie altar for a sweet savour, even
the memorial of it, unto the Lord."
^^And the remainder thereof shall
Aaron and his sons eat -J' with unlea-
vened bread shall it be eaten in the
holy place; in the court of the taber-
nacle of the congregation they shall
cat it. ^'' It shall not be baken with
leaven. I have given it unto them
for their portion of my offerings made
by fire : it is most holy,^ as is the
sin offering, and as the trespass of-
fering. ^^All the males among the
chiklren of Aaron shall eat'" of it.
It shall be a statute for ever in your
generations concerning the offerings
of the Lord made by fire : every one
that toucheth^ them shall be holy."

Of the sacrifices for the. priests, 20—30.

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 2'^" This is the offering" of
Aaron and of his sons, which they
shall offer unto the Lord in the day
when he is anointed ;^ the tenth part
of an ephah" of fine flour for a meat
offering perpetual, half of it in the
morning, and half thereof at night.
2^ In a pan it shall be made with oil ;

i And lay them
in the holy
chambers, and
they shall put
on other gar-
ments; and they
shall not sanc-
tify the people
with their gar-
ments, Eze. 44,
19.

k (For the ashes
were holy, as
being the remains
of the offerings
nuide to the Lord.
Ch. 4, 12.)

jn (It was first
kindled tvhen)
there came a fire
out from before
the Lord. Ch
9, 24. (It is said
to have continued
till the Captivity.)

V (As being the
offering of grati-
tude, joy, and
prayer. Commu-
nion ivith God
J'olhrws sacrifice
to God. Ch. 2,
1. Nu.15, 4.)

it Ch. 23. They
shall eat the
meat offering,
and the sin of-
fering, and the
trespass offer-
ing ; and every
dedicated thing
in Israel shall
he theirs. Eze.
44, 29. Nu. 18,
9, 10.

I Ex. 29, 37. Ve.
25. Ch. 2, 3, and
7, 1.

m In the most
holy place shalt
thou eat it;
every male shall
eat it; it shall
be holy unto
thee. Nu. 18, 10.

/3 (Lit., all that
toucheth, refer-
ring to things as
well as persons.
Ex. 29, 37. Ch.
22, 3—7.)

n Tliou shalt re-
ceive them at
their (the
priests ) hands,
and burn them
on tlie altar for
a burnt offering.
Kx. 29, 25.

f (And from that
daij forward. Ex.
29^ 1, 2.)

0 (Equal to about
three quarts. Ex.
16, 36.)

132

A.M. 3834. I

ii.c. 1C07. r

LEVITICUS.

J LE. 6, 1.
( 7, 17.

(The sacrifices
\ of the people then
teere to eat, but
nut their own.)

» Ch. 4, a.

(The north side
qfthe altar.)

»Ch. 1, 3, 5, 11,
and 4, 24, 29, 33.

r (Shewing that it
teas accepUd.)

J God hath pi von
it yim to bear
j thi' iniquity of
I the conpi-ega-
\ tion, to make
\ atonement for
[ them before the
< Loud. Ch. 10,
[17.

T (Teaching that
\ they for whom
the blood of the
True Sin Offer-
ing has been
ihed, should ever
be rotisecrated to
God.)

r The bullock...
and the goat for
the sin offerinfr,
whose blood was
broufrht in to
make atonement
in tlie hilly |)Iace,
shall one carry
forth without the
camp; and they
Rliall bum in the
fire their skins,
their llesh, and
their dung. Ch.
16, 27. He. 1.),
11.

»Ch.5, &6, 1,7.

t Ch.G, 17,25,
and 21, 22.

u Ch. 1,.3. 5, 11,
and 4, 24, 29, 33.

V (From CITJJ as-
hamjo be guilty,
or litihle to pun-
ish ment ; for in
this sacrifice the
guilt was consi-
dered as being
transferred to the
animal. Christ
is said to have
made his soul an

offering (aTt*^
for sin. Is. 53,
10.)

atid when it is baken, thou shalt bring
it ill : and the baken ploccs of" the
meat ottering slialt thou ofi'er fvr a
sweet savour unto tlie Loun. ^•^And
the priest of his sons that is anointed
in his stead shall oiVer it : it is a sta-
tute for ever unto the Lord ; it shall
be wholly burnt. "'^•^For every meat
offering for the priest shall be wholly
burnt : it shall not be eaten."""

■'^^ And the Loud s])ake unto Moses,
saying, ^'*" Speak unto Aaron and to
his sons, saying, This /*■ the law of
tlie sill ofteriiig :" In the place'' where
the burnt olfering is killed shall the
sin offering be killed before the
Lord :^ it is most holy. ^6 'j-'ijj,
priest that offereth it for sin shall
eat' it : in the holy place shall it be
eaten,' in the court of the tabernacle
of the congregation. ^^ Whatsoever
shall touch the flesh thereof shall be
holy : and when there is sprinkled
of the blood thereof upon any gar-
ment, thou shalt wash that w hereon
it was sprinkled in the holy place.
'■^''But the earthen vessel wherein it
is sodden shall be broken : and if it
be sodden in a brascn pot, it shall be
both scoured, and rinsed in water.
^•^-\11 the males among the priests
shall eat thereof: it is most holy.''
•^And no sin offering, whereof any
of the blood is brought into the taber-
nacle of the congiTgation to reconcile
icithal in the holy place, shall be
eaten : it shall be burnf in the fire."

\ xl. Of the trespass offering and peace offering.

LIKEWLSE this is the law of
the trespass' offering : it /*•
most holy.' ^ In the ]»lace" where
they kill the burnt offering shall they
kill the trespass" offering : and the
blood thereof shall he sprinkle round
about upon the altar. ^And he shall
offer of it all the fat thereof; the
rump, and the fat that covereth the
inwards, ^and the two kidneys, and
the fat that is on them, which ?.s by
the flanks, and the caid that is above

the liver, with the kidneys, it shall
he take away : ^and the priest shall
burn them upon the altar fur an
offering made by fire unto the Lord :
it is a trespass offering.

** Every male" among the priests
shall eat thereof: it shall be eaten
in the holy place : it is most holy."

^As the sin offering is, so is tlie^
trespass offering : tlicrc is one law for
them : the priest that maketh atone-
ment therewith shall have it.

'^Aiid the priest that oftereth any
man's burnt offering, even the priest
shall have to himself the skin"^ of the
burnt offering which he hath offered.
''And all the meat offering'/ that is
baken in the oven, and all that is
dressed in the frying|)an, and in the
pan,x shall be the priest's that offer-
eth it. ^"And every meat offering,
mingled with oil and dry, shall all
the sons of Aaron"^ have, one as
inuch as another.

^^And this is the law of the sacri-
fice of peace^ offerings, which he shall
offer unto the Lord. ^-If he offer
it for a thanksgiving," then he shall
offer with the sacrifice of tlianksgiving
unleavened cakes mingled with oil,
and unleavened wafers anointed- with
oil, and cakes mingled with oil, of
fine flour, fried. ^^ Besides the cakes,
he shall offer/or his offering leavened*
bread with the sacrifice of thanks-
giving of his peace offerings. ^^And
of it he shall offer one out of the
whole oblation for an heave offering
unto the Lord, and it shall be the
priest's*^ that sprlnkleth the blood of
the peace offerings. ^'^ And the flesli
of the sacrifice* of his peace offerings
for thanksgiving shall be eaten the
same day that it is offered ; he shall
not leave any of it until the morning.

**^lJut if the sacrifice'' of his offer-
ing he a vow, or a voluntary offering,
it shall be eaten the same day tliat
he offereth his sacrifice : and on the
morrow also the remainder^ of it
shall be eaten : '' but the remainder
of the flesh of the sacrifice on the

V Ch. c, ir,— 18.
Nil. IH, 'J, 10.

wCh.2, 3.

X Ch. 6, 25, 26,
and 14, 13.

^ (m.ihop Pntrick
thinks th'it this
right of the
priests to the. skin
commenced with
the sacrifice of
Adam. Ge.3,21.)

yCh. 2,,S,1,3. Nu.
18,9. Ezu.44.29.

X Or, in the flat
plate or slice.

ifi (TJie Mosaic
origin of this
book is shewn in
this peculiarity,
that wherever
priesLiarespoken
of, Aaron and his
sons are almost
everywhere nant-
ed. llUvemick.)

g CM. .3, 1, and 22.

18, 21.

(II (From ITT ya-
dali, to confess,
offerings made to
God with public
confession of His
power, goodness,
anil mercy,
Clarke.)

: Ch. 2, 4. Nu.
6, 15.

a (As a confession
of the corruption
that retnaintd in
the worshipper,
ev n wht n he had
peace with Cud.
Townsend.) Am.
4, 6.

a Nu. 18, 19.

b Ch. 22, 30.

c Ch. 19, 6-8.

/3 (The intention
if the low was,
that what became
theofferer's share
of the sacrifice
was to be eaten
cheerfully before
the Lord, with his
friend^, permit-
ting also the poor
and the destitute
to partake in the
brii'fit. This ob-
ject was ensured
by the regulation
which precluded
the meat from
Iteing kept beyond
the second day.
Pic. Bib.)

133

LE. 7, 18. )
8, 27. i

LEVITICUS.

/A.M. 3834.
( B.C. 1607.

d Ch.:i5, 3.

|3 (Xone can he. at
peace with God
tpho retains in
his heart the
least known sin.)

y (Shall he exclud-
ed from all the
privileges of an
Israelite.) Ge.
17, 14.

e Cli. xii., xiii.,
and XV.

/Cli.ll, 24, 28.

;; From my ynutli
up even till imw
have I not eaten
of that whicli
(lieth of Itself, or
is torn in pieces;
neither came
there ahomina-
ble flesh into my
mouth. Eze. 4,
14.

/( Ch. 3, 17.

S Ileh., carcase.

i Every soul

that eatetli that
which (lied of
itself, or that
which was t(prn
of beasts, wlie-
ther it he one of
your own coun-
trj',or a stranger,
he sliall both
waslihisclotlies,
and batlie him-
self in water...
Ch. 17, 1.5. De.
14, 21. Eze. 44,
31.

e (The inwnrdfat,
ve. 4. Other fat
was allowed.)
Uutter of kine,
&niilk (if sheep,
with fat of lambs,
and rams of the
breed of IJashan,
and goats. ...l)e.
32, 14.

/; Ge. 9, 4. Ch.
.3, 17, and 17,
10—14. De. 12,
6. Ac. 15, 20.

t Ch. 3, 1.

134

third day shall be burnt with fire.
^'^ And if any of the flesh of the sacri-
fice of his peace ofteriiigs be eaten at
all on the third day, it shall not be
accepted, neither shall it be imputed
unto him that ottereth it : it shall be
an abomination, and the soul that
eateth of it shall bear his iniquity.
^^And the flesh that toucheth any
unclean thing shall not be eaten ; it
shall be burnt with fire : and as for
the flesh, all that be clean shall eat
thereof. 20i3ut the soid that eateth
of the flesh of the sacrifice of peace
ofterings, that jyertain unto the Lord,
having'' his uncleanness^ upon him,
even that soul shall be cutv oft" from
his people. ^^ Moreover the soul that
shall touch any unclean tJiuiffj as the
uncleanness^ of man, or a7i2/ unclean-/
beast, or any abominable^ u,nclean
tiling, and eat of the flesh of the
sacrifice of peace ofterings, which
2)ertain unto the Lord, even that
soul shall be cut oft' fi-oin his people."

"And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 2^" Speak unto the children
of Israel, saying, Ye shall eat no^
manner of fat, of ox, or of sheep, or
of goat. ^■^ And the fat of the beast^
that dieth* of itself, and the fat of
that which is torn with beasts, may
be used in any other use : but ye
shall in no wise eat of it. ^^ For
whosoever eateth the fjit' of the beast,
of w^hich men ofter an oftcring made
by fire unto the Lord, even the soul
that eateth it shall be cut off from
his people.

'■^^ Moreover ye shall eat no manner
of blood,* whether it be of fowl or
of beast, in any of your dwellings.
2^ Whatsoever soul it he that eateth
any manner of blood, even that soul
shall be cut oft' fi-om his people."

2^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^'^^ " Speak unto the children
of Israel, saying, He that oft'ereth'
the sacrifice of his peace oft'erings
unto the Lord shall bring his obla-
tion unto the Lokd of the sacrifice

of his peace offerings. ^*^llis own
hands shall bring the ofterings of the
Lord made by fire,' the fat with the
breast, it shall he bring, that the
breast'" may be waved for a wave
oft'ering before the Lord. ^^And
the i)riest shall burn" the fat upon
the altar : but the breast shall be
Aaron's and his sons', ^^And the
riglit shoulder shall ye give unto the
priest for an heave oft'ering of the
sacrifices of your peace offerings.
^^ lie among the sons of Aaron, that
oft'ereth the blood of the peace oft'er-
ings, and the fat, shall have the right
shoulder for his part. ^'^ For the wave
breast" and the heave shoulder have
I taken of the children of Israel from
oft' the sacrifices of their peace oft'er-
ings, and have given them unto
Aaron the priest, and unto his sons
by a statute for ever'' from among
the children of Israel.

^^This is the portion of the anolnt-
ingx of Aai-on, and of the anointing
of his sons, out of the offerings of
the Lord made by fire, in the day
when he presented them to minister
unto the Lord in the priest's office;
^^ which the Lord commanded to be
given them of the children of 1 srael,
in the day^^ that he anointed them,
by a statute for ever throughout their
generations. ^'' This is the law of the
burnt'-' offering, of the meaf oft'ering,
and of the sin* oft'ering, and of the
trespass' oft'ering, and of the conse-
crations," and of the sacrifice of the
peace oft'erings ; ^^ which the Lord
eumnianded Moses in mount Sinai,
in the day that he commanded tlie
children of Israel to ofter their obla-
tions^ unto the Lord, in the wilder-
ness of Sinai."'

VTTT 1 A.M. 3834. B.C. ieo7. [107

V lll.J WiLDEUNESs OF Sinai. |_-l-»-"
The, consecration of Aaron and his
sons.

AND the Lord spake unto ]\Ioses,
saying, 2" Take Aaron" and his
sons with liiin," and the garments,"'

I Ex. 29, 18.

m Ex. 20, 24, 27.

Ch. S, 27, and 9,
21. Nil. G, 20.

n Ch. 3, 5, 11, 16.

n Ex. 29, 28. Ch.
10, 14, 15. Mu.
18,18. De.18,3.

ij (The object of
the Mosaic si/m-
buls was to keep
up the remem-
hninre of the
truths of a purely
spirilniil reliijion
cuniHijed by di-
vine revelation to
vt'tnkindj and to
foreshadow
ijrand facts or
laics on the ad-
ministration of
the divine govern-
ment, especially
in relation to the
plan of redemp-
tion through Je-
sus Christ. ...Oa..
3, 24. All the
Mosaic types were
acted lessons, un-
folding in their
mysterious mean-
ings something
more glorious &
excellent than
themselves.)

X (This is the por-
tion of Aaron.
Geseuiu.s, Uie-
seuthal, Roseii-
mtiller, De
Wette, &c.)

p Ex. 40, 1.3, 15.
Ch. 8, 12, 30.

5 Ch. 6, 9.

r Ch. 6, 14.

s Ch. 6, 25.

t Ve. 1.

u Ex. 29, 1, and
ch. 6, 20.

e(Ve.ii. mail:

korbanim, a gi-
ner(U name for
all sorts of offer-
ings to God.)

t (The last four
verses areadecla
ration confirming
the tvhole law as
the statutes and
commandments
of God.)

V Ex. 29, 1—3.

K (Having deliver-
ed the laws about
sacrifices, He now
prepares priests
to offer them.)

w Ex. 28, 2.

■>I. 3834. 1
0. 1607. i

LEVITICUS.

( LE. 7, 18.
( 8,27.

I Ex. 30, 24, 25.

. (A young one
which trai hfi/in-
tiiny to spread its
horns and hoofs.)

(One for a
burnt off' ring,
tout the other for
a peace offering.)

(Ifost prohihly,
at Dathr siig-
gfSis, rfpffsfntn-
e.i of the trilu-s,
Ih-' heads of the
'.people.)

it V.\. 29, 4. (\ow
is to be per-
furnt'd.)

... .lesus canio

.aiul WHS l)ii|>-

I tiziil of John in

I Ji'i'iluD, (iihere-

upun the Spirit

A x.vndcd upon

Him.) .Ma. 1.0.

Jlut.3, i;5— 17.

(On which teere
written the names
i^fUie chiUlrcn of
Israel.)

(C.msisting of
the j'rtciciis
Stones.)

(Covering the
upper part of his
head.)

(On which was
written, Jlolintss
to the Lord.)

. the precious
oiiitiiient ran
(liiwn uiion tlio

Ixar.l to tlie

8l<irts of his
frarnirnts. Ps.
lai, 2.

T (More was done
.iaron than to
an>i of the holg
things.)

V Muh., hound.

a K.\.20,10. Ezc.
4a, 19. Ch. 4, 4.

^ (liy the door of
the tabernacle of
the congrei/iition.
Kx. •29,' 12. lie.
9, 12, 22.)

(Which was
expressly reijnir-
eji in sin offer-
ings.)

and tlie^ anointinp: oil, and a bullock^
lor the sin otVcrin^, and two raiiis,*^
and a basket of unleavened bread ;
''and feather then all the conjjre}::a-
tioii" toj2;ether unto the door of the
tabernacle of the congi-egation."

^And Moses did as the Lokd com-
manded him ; and the assembly was
gathered together unto the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation.
^ And Mos(>s said unto the congrega-
tion, " This /*• the thing which the
Loud commanded to be done."^

''And Moses brought Aaron and
his sons, and washed^ them with
water. '^And he put upon him the
coat, and girded him with the girdle,
and clothed him with the robe, and
put the ephod upon him, and he
girded him with the curious girdle
of the ephod, and bound it unto him
tlierewith. ''And he put the breast-
plate" upon him : also he put in the
breastplate the t rim and tlie Thum-
mim."' '■'And he put the mitreP upon
his head ; also upon the mitre, eren
u])on his forefront, did he put the
golden plate,*^ the holy crown ; as
the LoitD commanded Moses.

^'^And Moses took the anointing
oil, and anointed the tabernacle and
all that icas therein, and sanctified
them. ^^ And he sprinkled thereof
upon the altar seven times, and an-
ointed the altar and all his vessels,
both the laver and his foot, to sanc-
tify them. '-And he poured of the
anointing oil upon Aaron's head,-
and anointed him, to sanctifv'' him.

^•^ And Moses brought Aaron's
sons, and put coats upon them, and
prded them with girdles, and put"
bonnets upon them ; as the Lohd
commanded Moses.

i^And he brought the bullock" for
the sin offering : and Aaron and his
sons laid their hands upon the head
of the bullock for the sin ofl'ering.
'^ And he slew /7 .'^ and Moses took
the blood, and put it upon the horns
of the altar round about with his
finger, and punfied< the altar, and

poured the blood at the bottom"^ of
the altar, and sanctified it, to make
reconciliation" upon it. '" And he
took all the fat that teas upon the
inwards, and the caul above the liver,
and the two kidneys, and their fat,
and Moses burned it upon the altar,
'•^liut the bullock, and his hide, his
flesh, and his dung, he burnt with
fire without the camp ; as the Loud
commanded Moses.

'*^And he brought the ram for the
burnt offering : and Aaron and his
sons laid" their hands u])on the head
of the ram. '-'And he killed it ; and
Moses sprinkled the blood upon the
altar round about. '•^'^And he cut the
ram into pieces ; and Moses burnt
the head, and the pieces, and the
fat. 21 ^nd he washed the inwards
and the legs in water ; and Moses
burnt the whole ram upon the altar :
it was a burnt sacrifice for a sweet
savour, and an oticring^ made by fire
unto the Loud ; as the Loud com-
manded Moses.*

--And he brought the other ram,
the ram of consecration -.y and Aaron
and his sons laid their hands upon
the head of the ram. -^And he slew
it ; and Moses took of the blood of
it, and put it upon the tip of Aaron's
right ear, and upon the thmnb of his
right hand, and upon the gi-eat toe
of his right foot.* -^ And he brought
Aanm's sons, and Moses put of the
blood upon the tip of their right ear,
and upon the thumbs of their right
hands, and upon the great toes of
their right feet : and Moses sprinkled
the blood upon the .iltar round about.
^ And he took the fat, and the rump,
and all the fat that iras upon the in-
wards, and the caul above the liver,
and the two kidneys, and their fat,
and the right shcmlder: ^"and out of
the basket of unleavened bread, that
teas before the Loud, he took'' one
unh>avened cake, and a cake of oiled
bread, and one wafer, and put t/icni
on the fat, ami u))on tlie right shoul-
der : '■^" and he put all upon Aaron's

i/» ( Where wot a
trench.)

u (That men, who
had rmnmitted
iiffenres, might l>e
expiated by the
satrijices ttiey
brought to it.)

a. (Tran.'iferring
thereby figura-
tively their guilt
to the sacrifice.)

/3 (The previous
sacrificJ" of the
sin offering puri-
.fyiog AiiruH to
'offer this.)

b llow murli
\ni>rc sliall tlio
l)|.)...l of flirist,
who tliroii^li tlie
ctcnial Spirit
offiTccl Himself
witlumt spot to
(iod, purine your
consoiunco from

(leail Works

He. 9, 14.

y (Whereby they
wre made
priests.)

S (The ear which
h'Ors,' the haiui
which acts, and
the feet which
walk, that is, all
the powers of
bf^Iy, soul, d' spi-
rit. Townst'ud.)
The ver.v (io>l
of jH'ao' sanctify
yi>ii wholly, and
1 prny tJml that
your whide spi-
rit, soul, & Ixxiy,
Ix- ])r>'scn-od

hiaint'li'ss 1

Th. 5, 23.

d Ex. 29, 23.

135

LE. 8, 28. 1

10, 13. ;

i (To shew that
they were calleil
to, and did not
usurp this dig-
nityO

(They xrere
lifted up, and
waved mi all
side^.)

i Ex. 29, 26.

/ These are the
names of tlie
sons of Aaron:
Naciab the tirst-
born,an(l .Vhilui,
Kleazar, and

Ithamar the

priests whicli
were anointed,
whom (Mose.<)
consoeratcd to
minister in the
priest's office.
Nu. 3, 3.

ff Ex.29, 30,35.
Eze. 43, 25, 26.

h ... After the si-
militude of Mel-
chisedcc, there
arisetli another
I'riest, who is
made not after
the hiw of a car-
nal command-
ment, but after
the power of an
endless life. Ue.
7, 15, 16.

f (Implying a
perfect and full
consecration.)

i To walk in

His ways, to
keep His sta-
tutes, and His
commandments,
and His judg-
ments, and His

testimonies

1 Ki. 2, 3. Nu.
3, 7, and 9, 19.
De. 11, 1. 1 Ti.
1, 18, and 5,21.

k They truly

were many
priests, because
th(^y were not
suffered to con-
tinue by reason
of death : but
this Man, be-
cause He conti-
nueth ever, hath
an unchangea-
ble (untransffr-
nhle) priostliood.
He. 7, 23, 24.

rj (That they might
be witnrssi-s of
the particular
proof (vc. 24) of
the divine origin
of all thesK com-
niandedsymbols.)

LEVITICUS.

4 A.M. 3834.
( B.C. 1607.

hands/ and upon his sons' hands,
and wavod^ them /or a wave offei-iug
before the Lord. ^^And Moses took
them from oft" their hands, and l)urnt
them on the altar upon the burnt
oftering : they ivere consecrations for
a sweet savour : it is an oftering made
by fire unto the Lord. ^9 And Moses
took the breast, and waved it for a
wave oftering before the Lord : for of
the ram of consecration it was Moses'
part;^ as the Lord commanded Moses.
^'^And Moses took of the anointing
oil, and of the blood which was upon
the altar, and sprinkled it upon Aaron,
and upon his garments, and upon his
sons,-^ and upon his sons' garments
with him ; and sanctified Aaron, and
his garments, and his sons, and his
sons' garments with him.

^^And Moses said unto Aaron and
to his sons, " Boil the flesh at the
door of the tabernacle of the congre-
gation : and there eat it with the
bread that is in the basket of conse-
crations, as I commanded, saying,
Aaron and his sons shall eat it.
^^And that which remaineth of the
flesh and of the bread shall ye burn
with fire. ^^ And ye shall not go
out of the door of the tabernacle of
the congregation iti seven days, until
the days of your consecration be at
an end : for seven;;' days shall lie
consecrate you. ^*As He hath done
this day, so the Lord hath com-
manded'' to do, to make an atone-
ment for you. ^^ Therefore shall ye
abide at the door of the tabernacle
of the congTCgation day and night
seven^ days, and keep the charge' of
the Lord, that ye die not : for so I
am commanded."

'"'.So Aaron and his sons^' did all
things which the Lord commanded
by the band of Moses.

TV"! A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607. fl OS

■L-^' J Aaron enters upon his office as priest. \_^^'^^

A ND it came to pass on the eighth
_l1. day, that Moses called'' Aaron
and his sons, and the elders of Israel ;

^and he said unto Aaron, "Take thee
a young calf for a sin oftering, and
a ram for a burnt oftering, without
blemish, and ofter them before tlie
Lord. ^ And unto the children of
Israel thou shalt speak, saying. Take
ye a kid of the goats for a sin ofter-
ing ; and a calf and a lamb, both of
the first year, Avithout blemish, for
a burnt oftei'ing; ^also a bullock and
a ram for peace ofterings, to sacrifice
before the Lord ; and a meat ofter-
ing mingled with oil f for to-day the
Lord will appear unto you."'

^ And they brought^ that which
j\Ioses commanded before the taber-
nacle of the congregation : and all the
congregation drew" near and stood^
before the Lord. ^ And Moses said,
" This is the thing which the Lord
commanded that ye should do : and
the glory of the Lord shall appear
unto you."

''And Moses said unto Aaron, "Go
unto the altar, and ofter thy sin offer-
ing, and thy burnt oftering, and make
an atonement for thyself, and for the
people : and ofter the oftering of the
people, and make an atonement for
them; as the Lord commanded."

^ Aaron therefore went unto the al-
tar, and slew the calf of the sin ofter-
ing, ^^ which was for himself. ^And
the sons of Aaron bi'ought the blood
unto him : and he dipped his finger
in the blood, and put it upon the
horns of the altar, and poured out
the blood at the bottom of the altar :
^"but the fat, and the kidneys, and
the caul above the liver of the sin
oftering, he burnt upon the altar ; as
the Lord commanded ]Moses. ^^And
the flesh and the hide he burnt with
fire without the camp. ^^ And he
slew" the burnt oftering ; and Aaron's
sons presented unto him the blood,
which he sprinkled^ round about upon
the altar. ^^And they presented the
burnt oftering unto him, with the
pieces thereof, and the head : and he
bm'nt them upon the altar, ^^And

e (Flesh (t' hread,
on which they
were to f exist.)

I (By sending fire,
from the bright-
ness of His glory.)

I He nccdeth not
...as those high
priests, to offer
up sacrifices,
first for His own
sins, & then for
the people's: for
this He did once,
when He offered
np Himself.
He. 7, 27.

K (Stood by their
sacrifices.)

\ (And worship-
2>ed.)

fj. (This sin offt
ing first, to moke
his burnt offering
accepted.)

V (Commanded to
be slain, and so
ve. 8.)

f (Which teas also
done in peace of-
ferings & in tres-
pass offerings ;
but in siti offer-
ings the blood was
poured out at the
foot of the aWir,
where there were
conveyances to
take it away.)

136

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

LEVITICUS.

1 LE. 8, 28.
\ 10, 13.

o(Thf prirst hnv-
in/) offr-rfd all
lliitt was iifres-
i"ri//or hints f I/,
hiiil bf.come fit <<>
iiinke supplica-
tion for t/if pei>-
;./..; He. 2, 17,
mid 5, 3. "•

ir Or, ordinmux.

p (Wfiirh accnm-
ptiitied burnt of-
J\riu<ja.)

% I lib., filltd his
hand out of it.

<r (The burnt sa-
crifice was burnt
upon the aJtar
ti-rnj nwrning &
evfry evening.)

T (Which were the
portion of the
priesl.1.) Ex. 29,
21. Cli.7,30,&c.

m Di>. 21, 5. Lu.
24, 50.

V (The altar

stood upon raised
ground.)

if) (After the mom-
iii'j oblation.)

X (To the evening
soi-rifice.)

tji (When it was
fininhed. The
form of the bless-
ing is given. Nil.
G, 23.)

01 (Either out of
the siinctiutrg, or
from that ijlorg
irl, i,-h appcnred.)
til. i, i. Ju. 0,
21.

n 1 Ki. 18, .^S.
2 Cl.r. 7, 1. Vs.
20, 3.

a (TTie evening
snrrifice.) Ma.
15, 31, 37.

fi (With joyful
rfverence.) 1 Ki.
18, 39. 2 C'lir.
7,3. Ezr. 3, 11.

y (Instead of that
fire kindled by
G'Ml llims If.)
Cli. 16, 12. ■ Nil.
18,18. Yesliall
'iffor no Rtraiigo
inoensc thereon.
Ex. 30, 9.

5 fTliat \». de-
stroyed.) Ch.O,
24. Nil. 16, ;15.
2 Sa. 6, 7. He.
10, 27.

137

lie (lid wash the inwards and tlic loj^s,
and burnt t/iciii upon the burnt offer-
ing: f>ii tlie altar.

'^And lie brought the people's offer-
ing, and took the goat, which was the
-sin offering for the people, and slew
it, and ottered" it for sin, as the fir.st.
^"And he brought the burnt offering,
and offered it according to the man-
ner."' ^'^And he brought the incaf
oft'ering, and took an handful thereof,
and burnt // ujwn the altar, beside
the burnt sacrilice of the morning."'
^''He slew also the bullock and the
ram for a sacrifice of peace offerings,
which wa^ for the peoi)le : and Aaron's
sons presented unto him the blood,
which he sprinkled upon the altar
round about, ^'-^ and the fat of the
bullock and of the ram, the rump,
and that which covereth the inwards,
and the kidneys, and the caul above
the liver: ''^'^and they put the fat
upon the breasts, and he burnt the
fat upon the altar : '^^and the breasts'^
and the right shoulder^ Aaron waved
for a wave offering before the Loiti) ;
as Moses commanded.

'■"And Aaron lifted up liis hand
toward the people, and blessed'" them,
and came down" from ottering of the
sin ottering, and the burnt offering,
and peace ofterings.

^ And Moses and Aaron went into*^
the tabernacle of the congregation,
and came;< out, and''' blessed the
people : and the Glory of the Lohd
appeared" unto all the people. ^^And
there came a fire" out from before
the LoKi), and consumed upon the
altar the burnf^ offering and the fat :
wliich when all the people saw, they
shouted,^ and fell on their faces.
-.,- -] ^Aiid Nadab and Abihu, the
■'^■•J sons of Aaron, took either of
them his censer, and put fire'/ there-
in, and put incense thereon, and
otVered strange fire before the Loun,
which He commanded them not.
-And there went out fire from the
Lord, <ind devoured* them, and they
died before the Lord.

^ Then Moses said unto Aaron,
" This is it that the Lord spake,
saying, I will be sanctified" in them
that come nigh Me, and l)ef<n-e all
the people I will be glorified."

And Aaron held his peace.*

''And Moses called Mishael and
Elzaphan, the sons of Uzzicl the
uncle of Aaron, and said unto them,
" ('onic near, caiTV your brethren
from before the sanctuary out of the
camp."

^8o they went near, and carried
them in their coats out of the camp ;
as Moses had said.

^And Moses said unto Aaron, and
unto P^leazar and unto Ithamar, his
sons, "Uncover not your heads, nei-
ther rend your clothes ;f lest ye die,
and lest wrath'' come upon all the
people : but let your brethren, the
whole house of Israel, bewail the
burning which the Lord hath Idn-
dled.* ^And ye shall not go out
from the door of the tabcniacle of
the congregation, lest ye die : for
the anointing oil of the Loud is upon
you."

And they did according to the
word of Closes,

^ And the Lord spake unto Aaron,
saying,^ ^ " Do not drink wine> nor
strong* drink, thou, nor thy sons
with thee, when ye go into the taber-
nacle of the congregation, lest ye
die: it shall he a statute for ever
throughout your generations : ^° and
that ye may put dift'ercnce between
holy and unholy, and between un-
clean and clean j'^ ^^ and that ye,
may teach the children of Lsrael
all the statutes'* which the Lord
hath spoken unto them by the hand
of Moses."

^^And ^foses spake unto Aaron,
and unto Eleazar and unto Ithamar,
his sons that were left, " Take'' the
meat ottering that remaincth of the
ofterings of the L<»kd made by fire,
and cat it without leaven beside the
altai- : for it is most holv : *''and ye

o Is. 52, 11. Ezo.
20, 41, and 42,
13.

t (Forbore to eom-
plain. The aim-
log y bet went tlu
sin and tlie pun-
ishment is strik-
ing. The heinous-
ness of the offrnce
was griatly in-
crejiscd in conse-
quence of t/ie very
recent and tnira-
culous descent of
the fire from hexi-
ven.)

i( Make no expres-
sions of mourn-
ing.)

r\ (For want of
priests to mnki
atonement for
them.)

e (But not the
priests, that the
service of God
might not he in-
lerruptetl.)

p (It would seem
from this that th'
Jewish contmtn-
tntors are right,
ill supposing lliat
Sadaliai,d A bihu
had indulged too
freely in wine,
and had from its
ejf.rlsve'gligenlly
allmrliil to their
sacred duties.)

I (The juice of the
grape.)

K (Fermented li-
quors.) Eze. 44,
21. Lu. 1, 15.
1 Ti. 3, 3. Tit.

1,7.

A (That you may
be always fit j'or
the ministration
of your qffice.)

p (All the rit'S rf-
C' r' iHi'ii',1 s pt r-
t'lining to diviii'
worship.)

p ....Every meat
offV'riiit^ of

flu'ir's which

tlirj- shall n-n-
drr unto Mo,
f^liall Ih> most
holy for thee &
(•>r thy Ron.s.
Nu. 18, 9.

LE. 10, 14. 1

11,

LEVITICUS.

/ A.M. 3334.
<, B.C. 1607.

q The heave

offering of tlK'ir
gift, with all the
wave oftVviiiprs
of the chililren
of Israel, I have
given tliem unto
thee, ami to thy
sons, and to thy
(laughters with
thee, by a sta-
tute for ever.
Nu. 18, 11.

• The goat,

which was t!ic
sin offering for
the people.. .Ch.

9, 15 No sin

offering, whereof
any of the blood
is brought into
the tabernacle
of the congrega-
tion to reconcile
withal in the
holy place, shall
be eaten : it
shall be burnt
with fire. Ch.
G, 30.

i> (And sought to
rejoice before thi:
Lord.) De.12,7.

f (Jlfy present sor-
row disqualifies
me for this ser-
I'ice.)

o (The dinfinrtion
hetween cleon and
iiudenn aitimalti
was designed to
K''pnr<ite the He-
brews from other
rations, to prf-
rrnt them from
participiiting in
idolatrous f easts,
iind to furnish a
rode ofwholts'/inc
dietetie^. It is
jirottKhle that the
primary design
was to draw as
wide a line of
demarcation as
possible between
lite Egyptians
and the IJehren-s,
siiire, IIS Hiiver-
n ich wt II remarks,
many of the nni-
laals mentioneA
are indigenous to
Egypt.) Ch. 20,
2(J. Ue. 11, 4.
Ac. 10, \2, 11.

138

shall eat it in the holy place, because
it is thy due, and thy sons' due, of
the sacrifices of the Lokd made by
fire : for so I am commanded. ^^And
the Avave bi'east? and heave siioulder
shall ye eat in a clean place ; thou,
and thy sons, and thy daughters
with thee : for they he thy due, and
thy sons' due, ichich are given out
of the sacrifices of peace ofterings of
the children of Israel. ^^The heave
shoulder and the Avave breast shall
they bring with the offerings made
by fire of the iat, to wave it for a
wave offering before the Lord ; and
it shall be thine, and thy sons' with
thee, by a statute for ever ; as the
Lord hath commanded,"

^^ And Moses diligently sought the
goaf of the sin offering, and, behold,
it was burnt : and he was angry with
Eleazar and Ithamar, the sons of
Aaron icliich wci^e left alive, saying,
i'^ " Wherefore have ye not eaten the
sin offering in the holy place, seeing
it is most holy, and God hath given
it you to bear the iniquity of the
congregation, to make atonement for
them before the Lord? ^^ Behold,
the blood of it was not brought in
within the holy place : ye should
indeed have eaten it in the holy
place,! as I commanded."

^^ And Aaron said unto Moses,
" Behold, this day have they offered
their sin offering and tlieir burnt offer-
ing befoi'e the Lord; and such things
have befallen me : and if 1 had eaten
the sin offering to day," slioidd it
have been accepted in the sight of
the LoRD?"f

2*^ And when Moses heard tliat, he
was content.

■YJ "I A.M. 3a34. B.C. 1607. n f)0

(Here follow several laws symboliz-
ing, under various uncleannesses,

the defiling natui-e of sin.

What animals may or may not be

used as food.

ND the Lord spake unto Moses
and to Aaron, saying unto them,

'^" Speak unto the children of Israel,
saying, These are the beasts which
ye shall eat° among all tlie beasts
that are on the earth. ^AYhatsoever
parteth the hoof, and is clovenfooted,
and cheweth the cud, among the
beasts, that shall ye eat.'^ * Never-
theless these shall ye not eat of them
that chew the cud, or of them that
divide the hoof: as the camel, be-
cause he cheweth the cud, but divid-
eth not the hoof ; he is unclean unto
you.P

^ And the coney, <^ because he chew-
eth the cud, but divideth not the
hoof; he is unclean unto you.

•^And the hare, because^ he chew-
eth the cud, but divideth not the
hoof; he is unclean unto you.

''And the swine, though he divide
the hoof, and be clovenfooted, yet he
cheweth not the cud ; he is imclean
to you.'^

^Of their flesh shall ye not eat,
and their carcase shall ye not touch ;
they are unclean to you.

^ These shall ye eat of all that are
in the waters : whatsoever hath fins
and scales" in the waters, in the seas,
and in the rivers, them shall ye eat.
I'^And all that have not fins and
scales in the seas, and in the rivers,
of all that move in the waters, and
of an} living thing which is in the
waters, they shall he an abomina-
tion unto yon : ^^ they shall be even
an aboniination unto you ; ye shall
not eat of tlieir flesh, but ye shall
have their carcases in abomination.
^-Whatsoever hath no fins nor scales
in the waters, that shall he an abo-
mination unto you.

^^ And these are they ichich ye
sliall have in abomination among the
fowls ;* they shall not be eaten, they
are an abomination : the eagle, and
the ossifrage, and the ospray, ^^ and
the vulture, and the kite after his
kind; ^-'^ every raven after his kind;
i^and the owl," and the night hawk,
and the cuckow,^ and the hawk after

n (Ve shall unite
outward holiness
and imvartl spi-
rituality toge-
ther. Towns-
end.)

p (I'e .<!hall not
siparate prac-
tice* from know-
ledge nor know-
ledge from prac-
tice. Obedien'v.
of life, exempti-
fied in the or-
d'-rlg sure-footed
aninmh, must be
unitrd. v)ith spi-
rituiditgofheart,
the result of con-
stant meditation
on the law of
God.)

u i T2ir shaphan,
tlte ushkoko or
ganam Israil, the
weber of the
Arabs (Bruce),
the hyi'ax Syri-
acus. Sometohat
of the size, form,
and brownish co-
loi/r of tlie rab-
bit, and though it
has short round
ears, it is svfficv
eidly like for in-
exact observers to
mistake the one
for the other.)
"Dc. 14, 7. I's.
104, IS. I'r. 30,
2(;.

s (Some have ditt-
puted this, bid
the poet C'ouper
asserts it.)

T (Resembles those
p:ho are capable
of being taught,
yet is wholly un-
spiriiual,scn.iual,
and grovelling.)
Is. 52, 11. Mat.
1.5, 11. Ma. 7,
2. Ac. 10, 14,
and 15, 29. Ro.
14, 14. 1 Co. S,
8. Col. 2, 16.
lie. 9, 10.

V (Such are gene-
rvlhj to this dag
regarded as
v:holesome.)

if> (All these birds,
implying rapa-
city, cruelty, lux-
uriousness, glut-
tony, voracity, re-
lenl.le.ssness, ifec,
are forbidden to
you, lh('l ye may
be mindfid of My
v;i!l and of Mg
law.)

a. (Ostrich.)

fi (The sea-gidl.
llochart, Gesc-
nius, &c.)

A.M. 3834. }

B.C. 1607. r

LEVITICUS.

J LE. 10, 14.
1 11,43.

y('lh- citrmnrnut.
liuclinrt and tic-
seiiiiis.)

i (The yitniiit.)

t (The thin.)

^(The hoopoe.)

^ (Tliat >/<! "Virt.v
h' miiutfut of the
III "• whicJi com-
iiinuiU My people
to rise ami sour,
oiitl Hue above the
edftli, M'AiVA u
III ilher til) ir por-
lii'H nor their
home. Towns-
end.)

^ (Which leap.1
nimre the groutiil,
ami thuaappeam
t'l e.ienpe from
the (jroveUiiig of
tlio.ie that creep
upon the earth.)

s (John tlio rtiip-
" tist'si nii'at was
l<)i lists and wild
IiMnrv. Mat. 3,
4. .Ma. 1, 6.
T| (A species

of locust. Thus
th' fi/ur Uailing
classes of the lo-
cust family are
here enumerated.)

t Ye shall

put a difforoiice
iRtwucn clean
K-ast.s and un-
clean, it Intweon
nnclean fnwls &
cli an : and yc
shall not make
your souls abo-
niinahli; liy
heiist, orhy fowl,
or by any man-
ner of livinff
tliiiiKthatcreep-
eth on the
Kronnd...Ch. 20,

« Ch. 14, 8, and
l.\ b. .Nil. 1!»,
111, 22, aud 31,
24.

V They that sanc-
tify themselves,
and purify them-
selves in the
{jardeus behind
one tree in the
midst, eatiiif;
.swine's llesh, &
the ahomina-
tion, and the
mouse, shall be
Consumed lopre-
ther, saith the
LuKD. Is. 66, 17.

0 (The crocodile.)

1 (A species of
li:'ir<l. AH the
reptiles viention-
ed in this verse
belong to the liz-
ard tribe.)

lay

liis kind, ^^aml the little ou'V and
tiie CDrnionint,* and the', gfoat owl/
''"'and the swan, and the pelican, and
the j^ier-eagle, '-'and the Ktovk, the
heron after her kind, and the lap-
winj,',^ and the bat. ^o^H fowls that
creep,x {?<^inS upon (lii four, shall be
an abomination unto you.

^^ Yet these may ye eat of every
flying creeping thing that goeth upon
all four, which have legs above their
feet, to leap withal upon the earth ;
" cccn these of them ye may eat;
the locust''' after his kind,' and the
bald locust after his kind, and the
beetle'' after his kind, and the grass-
hopper after his kind. ''^•'JUit all
other flying creeping' things, Avliich
have four feet, shall be an abomina-
tion unto you. '-^^And for these ye
shall be unclean : whosoever tnuchcth
the carcase of them shall be unclean
until the even. -^ And whosoever
beareth ought of the carcase of them
shall wash" his clothes, and be un-
clean until the even. '^^2'hc carcases
of every beast which divideth the
hoof, and is not clovenfootcd, nor
cheweth the cud, are unclean imto
you : every one that toucheth them
shall be unclean. ^"^And whatsoever
goeth u})on his paws, among all man-
ner of beasts that go on all four,
those are unclean unto you : whoso
toucheth their carcase shall be un-
clean imtil the even. ''^*'And he that
beareth the carcase of them shall
wash his clothes, and be unclean
until the even: they are unclean
unto you.

'•'These also shall be unclean unto
you among the creeping things that
creej) upon the earth ; the weasel,
and the mouse,'' and the tortoise^ after
his kind, *'aiul the feriTt,^ and the
chameleon, and the lizard, and the
snail, and the mole. ^^ These are
unclean to you among all that creep :
whosoever doth touch them, when
they be dead, shall be unclean until
the even, ■^'^And upon whatsoever

aiii/ of them, wlien they are dead,
doth fall, it shall be unclean ;'^ whe-
ther it be any vessel of wood, or rai-
ment, or skin, or sack, whatsoever
vessel it be, wherein ani/ work is
done, it must be put into water, and
it shall be unclean until the even ; so
it shall be cleansed. ^And every
earthen vessel, whereinto ayii/ of
them falleth, whatsoever is in it shall
be unclean ; and yc shall break it.
•^' Of all meat which may be eaten,
that on which 6'(;cA water eomcth shall
be unclean :" and all drink that may
be drunk in every such vessel shall
be unclean. "^^ And every thiiif/
whereupon any jmrt of their carcase
falleth shall be unclean ; ichcthcr it
be oven,^ or ranges for pots, they
shall be broken down : for they are
unclean, and shall be unclean unto
you. ^^ Nevertheless a fountain or
jiit, wherein there is plenty^ of water,
shall be clean : but that which touch-
eth their carcase shall be unclean.
"^"^And if an)/ part of their carcase
fall upon any sowing-^ seed which is
to be sown, it shall be clean. '■^ But
if any water be put upon the seed,
and any part of their carcase fall
thereon, it shall be unclean unto you.

^•'And if any beast, of which ye
may eat, die; he that toucheth the
carcase thereof shall be unclean until
the even. ^"And he that cateth^ of
the carcase of it shall wash his
clothes, and be unclean until the
even : he also that beareth the car-
case of it shall wash his clothes, and
be imclcan until the even.

^^And every creeping thing that
creepeth upon the earth shall be an
abomination ; it shall not be eaten.

'^- Whatsoever goeth upon the
belly,' and whatsoever goeth upon
all four, or whatsoevei*^ hath more
feet among all creeping things that
creep upon the earth, them ye shall
not eat; for they are an abomina-
tion. ^ Yc shall not make your-
,selves'' abominable with any cree])ing
thing that creepeth, neither shall ye

oi(Dr.KitUithinks
thiit "the great
iwonvenienres tf
tif lair ainiirrUd
tri'h this it other
defilements, ne-
ctasnrily oldiyeji
the Israelites to
pay great atten-
tion to cleanli-
ness ; it this was
probably what the
lairs on this sub-
ject had princi-
pally in view.")

a (That Is, during
the time and cmi-
tinuance of the
unckanness.)

P (These must be
uiilrrstooil as
portalile,n/itfijctil
or hnilt,othi rwise
it would be in-
con veil lent upon
every such occa-
sion to break them
down.)

y Ileb., a gather-
ing together of
waters. (For in
these the infection
could not leave so
much pollution,
but the water next
to the nnclean
thing was to be
cisl out.)

S (So lung as it is
dry it is freer
from pollution,
'iwtifitbewettal,
it is nuire opt to
take infection. It
was not therefore
to be sown, but it
might be given to
cattle.)

X Thou slialt

(Hve it unto the
stran(;er that is
inthygates,tliat
he may eat it ;
or thou mayest
sell it toaii alien.
l)e. 14, 21. Kze.
4, 14, and 44, 2.3.

c (The Ilelrew
Urm, pnj ga-
chon, be'ly, is
us'd only here it
aHiv.3, 15. Jtr-
hnps it may be
spi'krn in dcl'S-
tatiiin of th' s^ r-
peut, wl.T'l:.
the devil tiln/'l-'i
Eve.)

f Heb., ilcth mul-
tiply feel.

souls.

■ ll,..l n:

I, Ileb

( f ■
oil,

th- .

'"•' y

entering into the
sanctunry.)

LE. 11, 44. 1
13, 32. j

LEVITICUS.

f A.M. 3834.
\ B.C. 1607.

) (Ptrsonally dr-
fikd.)

>j For God hath
not called us to
uiick'iiniK'Ss,l)Ut
unto lioliness.
1 Th. 4, 7. 1 Pe.
1, 15.

(. (The intention of
human laws is to
make amity and
friendship amomj
men : so the in-
tention of the di-
vine law is to
make friemlsh ip
h'luyjtn man and
God; and because
the similitude of
manners is tfte
oiuse oflove,these
injunctions were
given to move
them to holiness.)

K (All creeping
things were un-
clean, typically
teaching that we
are to have no
society with those
vho savour earth-
ly things.)

z Many walk

whose end is de-
stniction, whose
(Jod is their
belly, and whose
glory is in their
shame, who mind
earthly things.
I'hi. 3, 19.

A (Dr. Kitto says :
'^ It would hf. dif-
ficult to shero that
the clexinness or
uncleanness of
2>articuUjr ani-
mals meant any-
thing else than
' beasts usual and
■not usual for
food;'' and if so,
the distinction is
not one tcith
which we are en-
tirely unac-
quainted.")

a When the days
of her purifica-
tion wereac-

com])lished, (.Jo-
seph and Mary)
liriiuj^ht (.lesus)
to .Jenisahtni to
present Jlim to
the LoKD. Lu.
2, 22.

fi Heb., a son of

hid year.

140

make youi'selves unclean^ with them,
that ye should be defiled thereb}^
■^^ For I am the Lord yoiir God : ye
shall therefore sanctify^ yourselves,
and ye shall he holy ; for 1 am holy :'■
neither shall ye defile yourselves
with any manner of creeping thing
that creepeth* upon the earth.- '^ For
I am the Lord that bringeth you up
out of the land of Egypt, to be yom*
God : ye shall therefore be holy, for
I am holy."

^^This is the law of the beasts,
and of the fowl, and of every living
creatiu'e that moveth in the waters,
and of every creature that creepeth
upon the earth : *^to make a differ-
ence^ between the unclean and the
clean, and between the beast that
may be eaten and the beast that may
not be eaten.

Of the uncleanness attending childbirth.

XIL]

AND the Lord spake unto INIoses,
saying, 2" Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, saying. If a woman
have conceived seed, and born a man
child : then she shall be unclean seven
days ; according to the da^-s of the
separation for her infirmity shall she
be unclean. ^And in the eighth day
the flesh of his foreskin shall be cir-
cumcised. ^And she shall then con-
tinue in the blood of her purifying
three and thirty days ; she shall
touch no hallowed thing, nor come
into the sanctuary, until the days of
her purifying be fulfilled.

^ But if she bear a maid child, then
she shall be unclean two weeks, as in
her separation : and she shall con-
tinue in the blood of her purifying
threescore and six days.

^And when the days" of her puri-
fying are fulfilled, for a son, or for a
daughter, she .shall bring a lamb of
the first year'* for a burnt oft'ering,
and a young pigeon, or a turtledove,
for a sin offering, unto the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation.

unto the priest : ^ who shall offer it
before the Lord, and make an atone-
ment for her; and she shall be
cleansed from the issue of her blood."

This is the law for her that hath
born a male or a female.

^ " And if she" be not able* to bring
a lamb, then she shall bring two tiu'-
tles, or two young pigeons ; the one
for the burnt offering, and the other
for a sin offering: and the priest shall
make an atonement for her, and she
shall be clean."

XIIL]

Of the uncleanness of the body.
The leprosy.

AND the Lord spake unto IMoses
and Aaron, saying, - "When a
man shall have in the skin of his
flesh a rising,^ a scab, or bright spot,
and it be in the skin of his flesh like
the plague of leprosy ;° then he shall
be broughf^ unto Aaron the priest,
or unto one of his sons the priests :
^and the priest shall look on the
plague in the skin of the flesh : and
ichen the hair in the plague is turned
white, and the plague in sight be
deeper than the skin of his flesh, it
is a plague of leprosy :P and the priest
shall look on him, and pronounce
him unclean. ^ If the bright spot be
white in the skin of his flesh, and in
sight be not deeper than the skin,
and the hair thereof be not turned
white ; then the priest shall shut up
him that hath the plague seven days :
^and the priest shall look on him the
seventh"^ day : and, behold, if the
plague in his sight be at a stay, and
the plague spread not in the skin ;
then the priest shall shut him up
seven days more : ''and the priest
shall look on him again the seventh
day : and, behold, if the plague be
somewhat dark, a7id the plague
spread not in the skin, the priest
shall pronounce him clean : it /*• but
a scab : and he shall wash his clothes,
and be clean. ^ But if the scab spread
much abroad in the skin, after that
he hath been seen of the priest for

V Hob., her hand
Jind not sujjici-
ency of.

h C'h. 5, 7. (,7o-
seph and Mary
came) to offer...
a pair of turtle-
doves...Lu. 2, 21.

^ Or, swelling.

0 (The prominence
giotn to this dis-
ease arises from
the fearful na^
tare of it,
commonness
the East, ami
also from its
symbolical im-
part. The laws
affecting the le-
per were designed
to teach the dejil-
ing nature of
sin.)

IT (All that follows
refers sulely to
the cognizance of
the symptoms and
to the sanatory
precnutiotis for
the public health,
which in conse-
quence became
necessary.)

p (The chrinirtrr-
istics of this '/(.■■■-
case art prriisrly
as describeil by
Moses, being a
glossy white and
spreading scale
vpon an elevated
base, encircled
vnth a red bor-
der. The natural
black hair on the
patches partici-
pates in the
■whiteness,and the
patches perpetu-
ally widen their
outline.l'ic.liih.)

cr (Several of these
characters, sepa-
rately taken, he-
long to cl/i' r /'/'■-
mishesoj'lhrahiii,
& therefiire mine
of them are to be
taken alone.)

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1C07. J

LEVITICUS.

{L£. 11,44.
I 13, 32.

(MTint thewhiile
CDinurreil, llini
thf f'lirst, ill //I'i
ciip'H'iti/ as phy-
aiciiiii, proiioiinc-
etl tlif ilimase one
o/thetwoilisliiiil
fonn.i of !• pros;/,
re^2 tznrnntii,
vtniiin IT jiiiilii/-
nity. Pic. Dib.)

(Cicliazi) went
out from (tho)
pri-si'iicf((if i;ii-
slmj a U'pcr as
wliitu as suuw.
2 Ki. 6, 7.

V Hob., the quick-

eniiiij oj' liiiifj
ficsh.

d ...The leprosy
...roseiipinftbc)
forehead (of Iz-

ziahi •>, Chr.

20, I'.t.

0 (As the cmse-

qiiiiios arising

Jri'Tii having the

Irprnny were so

fear Jul, great

I'lir tons ta/c'ii

Iff. charge

I fall on an

III person.

distinction

n that dls-

iimi others

suiitt leha t sim iOt r

is now driiwii,

versus 12—44.)

X (Of the two
varieties, the
" briijht while"
bnbereth, is the
tni.st virulent.
The dark or dus-
ky baben!th, is
niueh less severe,
but still far more
so Ihiin the com-
mon leprosy, or
bubak.)

^ (In the most
virulent varitty,
the elevation is
depressed in the
middle.)

his clean sing', he sluill be secji of the
priest ayaiii : ^luxd If the ])riest see
that, behold, the scab spreadcth in
the skin, then the priest shall pro-
nounce him unclean : it is a leprosy.'^

'"'When the plague of leprosy is in
a man, then he shall be brouji;ht luito
the priest; **'and the priest shall sec
/lini : and, behold, //' the rising be
white'' in the skin, and it have turned
the hair white, and tliere be quick"
raw flesh in the rising :'' ^^ it is an
old leprosy in the skin of his flesh,
and the priest shall pronounce him
luiclean, and shall not shut him up :
for he is unclean. ^^ And if a leprosy
break out abroad in the skin, and the
leprosy cover all the skin of him that
hath the plague from his head even
to his foot, wheresoever the priest
looketh ; ^■'then the priest shall con-
sider :'!' and, behold, if the leprosy
have covered all his flesh, he .shall
pronounce him clean that hath the
plague : it is all turned white : he is
clean. ^*lJut when raw flesh a})pear-
eth in him, he shall be imclean.
^^And the priest shall see the raw
flesh, and pronounce him to be un-
clean : for the raw flesh is unclean :
it is a leprosy. ^''Or if the raw flesh
tui*n again, and be changed unto
white,x he shall come unto the priest ;
^^and the ])riest shall .see him : and,
behold, if the plague be turned into
white; then the priest shall pro-
nounce him clean that hath the
plague : he is clean.

^^ The flesh also, in which, ci'en in
the skin thereof, was a b(jil, and is
healed, ^"and in the place of the boil
thei-c be a white rising, or a bright
spot, white, and somewhat reddish,
and it be shewed to the priest ; '^"^and
if, when the priest .seeth it, behold,
it be. in sight lower"'' than the skin,
and the hair thereof be turned white;
the priest shall pronounce him un-
clean : it is a i>laguc of lejirosy
broken out of the boil. -* But if the
jiriest look on it, and, behold, there
be no white hairs therein, and if it be

not lower than the skin, but be some-
what dark ; then the priest shall shut
him up ncvcn days : '■^''and if it spread
much abroad in the skin, then the
priest shall pronoinice him unclean :
it is a plague. ^^ iJut if the bright
spot stay in his place, aiid spread not,
it is a burning boil ; and the priest
shall pronounce him clean.

'■^^Or if there be ani/ flesh in the
skin whereof there is a hot" burning,
and the ([uickjlesh that burneth have
a white bright spot, somewhat red-
dish, or white ; "'^•^then the priest shall
look upon it : and, behold, //'the hair
in the bright spot be turned white,
and it be in sight deeper than the
skin ; it is a leprosy broken out of
the burning : wherefore the priest
shall pronounce him unclean : it is
the plague of leprosy. '■^'^ But if the
priest look" on it, and, behold, there be
no white hair in the bright spot, and
it be no lower than the other skin,
but be somewhat dark ; then the priest
shall shut him up seven davs : "'^'^and
the priest shall look upon him the
seventh day : and if it be spread
much abroad in the skin, then the
priest shall pronounce him luiclean :^
it is the plague of leprosy. ^**And
if the bright spot stay in his place,
and spread not in the skin, but it be
somewhat dark ; it is a rising of the
burning, and the priest shall pro-
nounce him clean : for it is an inflam-
mation of the burning.

'■^■^ If a man or woman have a plague
upon the head or the beard;'*' ^^'ihen
the piiest shall sec the plague : and,
behold, if it be in sight deeper than
the skin ; and there be in it a yellow
thin hair; then the priest shall pro-
noimce liim unclean : it is a dry
scall, even a lei)rosy upon the head or
beard. ^*And if the priest look on
the plague of the scall, and, behold,
it be not in .sight deeper than the
skin, and that there is no black hair
in it ; then the priest shall shut u])
him that hath the jjlagne of the scall
seven dav.s : -''-'and in the seventh day

<o (A burning of
fire.)

a (III the "dusky"
variety, natural
hair, which is
u.iu<illy black in
I'alcst ineitEgypt,
is not changed, it:
the smooth, lii-
viiiintid circular
aaile or patches
are not drpressed
below the general
surface of the
skin, and do not
remain station-
ary at their first
size, but rontina-
ally rnhirgr their
limits, and are
either scattered
or cfinflumt.
Pic. Uib.)

P(Whm its exist-
ence was deter-
mined, after a
prolHitionnry ae-
juiration of a
week orfortn ight,
the person was
declared unclean,
and obliged to re-
main apart.
Pic. Uib.)

Y (It is evident
that medical sci-
ence had at this
time li: III rtduceil
to a si/.<t' in, friim
the Hi(-< di.ierimi-
vatinn of infec-
tious disoriUra,
and the symptoms
by which they
were character-
ized. Kitto.)

141

LE. 13, 33. 1
14, 18. /

LEVITICUS.

(A.M. 3834.
1 B.C. 1G07.

5 (Lest the place
should he irri-
tated d: injlamiil,
and assume in
consequence otiu r
appearances be-
sides those, of a
leprous infection:
in which case the
priest mii/hl not
be able to form
an accurate Judg-
ment. Clarke.)

€ (This is distin-
(jnislieil from the
other I' profiles hy
the term ■^ff\^ bo-

hak, ujhich im-
ports brightness,
but in a subordi-
nate degree, be-
ing a didl white
spot. This dis-
order is not con-
tagious, and did
not render a per-
son tinclean, or
make it necessary
that he should be
shut up. The
Arabs call this
disorder by the
savie name as the
Hebrews, and its
characters ore
^yrecisely analo-
gous to those here
stated. This va-
riety is strictly
a cutaneous erup-
tion, and rarely,
if ever, affects the
constitution. I'ic.
JJib.)

C Ilcb., head is
pilled. (In the
East, the falling
"ff "f llie hair is
knovm to he some-
times, and in con-
nection with other
sympttjms, a
marked criterion,
of leprosy. I'ic.
Bib.;

7) (By the Arabian
2>oets these two
are distinguished
the 07ie "as the
noble baldness,"'
because it was re-
garded as gene-
rally proc-:e.ding
from tlie leetiring
of an helmet; the
othfr as "servile
boldness."
Kitto.)

the priest shall look on the plague :
and, behold, if the scall spread not,
and tlierc be in it no yellow hair, and
the scall be not in sight deeper than
the skin ; ^"^ he shall be shaven, but
the scall shall he not shave f and the
priest shall shut up him that hath the
scall seven days more : "^^and in the
seventh day the priest shall look on
the scall : and, behold, if the scall be
not spread in the skin, nor he in sight
deeper than the skin ; then the priest
shall pronounce him clean : and he
shall wash his clothes, and be clean.
^^ Ijut if the scall spread much in the
skin after his cleansing ; '^^ then the
priest shall look on him : and, be-
hold, if the scall be spread in the
skin, the priest shall not seek for yel-
low hair ; he is unclean. ^"^ But if
the scall be in his sight at a stay,
and that there is black hair grown up
therein ; the scall is healed, he is
clean ; and the pi'iest shall pronounce
him clean.

"^ If a man also or a woman have
in the skin of their flesh bright spots,
even white bi-ight spots ; ^^ then the
priest shall look : and, behold, if the
bright spots in the skin of their flesh
he darkish^ white; it is a freckled
spot that groweth in the skin ; he is
clean.

^ And the man whose hair^ is
fallen off his head, he is bald ; yet is
he clean. ^^And he that hath his
hair fallen oft' fi-om the part of his
head toward his face, he is forehead''
bald : i/ct is he clean. ^

^'■^ And if there be in the bald head,
or bald forehead, a white reddish
sore ; it is a leprosy sjnnmg up in
his bald head, or his bald forehead.
■^•^ Then the priest shall look upon it :
and, behold, if the i-ising of the sore
be white reddish in his bald head, or
in his bald forehead, as the leprosy
appeareth in the skin of the flesh;
^* he is a leprous man, he is imclean :
the priest shall pronounce hi)n utterly
unclean ; his plague is in his head.

^^And [he leper in whom the

plague is, his clothes shall be rent,
and his head bare, and he shall put
a covering upon his upper lip, and
shall cry, Unclean, unclean. ^''All
the days wherein the plague shall be
in him he shall be defiled ; he is un-
clean ; he shall dwell alone f without
the camp' shall his habitation/ be.

^'^The garment also that the plague
of leprosy is in, ichether it be a wool-
len garment, or a linen garment ;
•^^ whether it be in the warp, or woof;
of linen, or of woollen ; whether in a
skin, or in any thing" made of skin ;
■^^ and if the plague be gi-eenish or
reddish in the garment, or in the
skin, either in the warp, or in the
woof, or in any thing^ of skin ; it is
a plague of leprosy, and shall be
shelved unto the priest : ^^ and the
priest shall look upon the plague, and
shut up it that hath the plague seven
days : ^^ and he shall look on the
plague on the seventh day : if the
plague be spread in the garment,
either in the warp, or in the Avoof, or
in a skin, o?" in any work that is
made of skin ; the plague is a fi-et-
ting'^ leprosy; it is vmclean. '^^He
shall therefore burn that garment,
whether warp or woof, in woollen or
in linen, or any thing of skin, where-
in the plague is : for it is a fretting
leprosy ; it shall be burnf in the
fire. ^'^ And if the priest shall look,
and, behold, the plague be not spread
in the garment, either in the A\'arp,
or in the woof, or in any thing of
skin ; ^"* then the pi'iest shall com-
mand that they wash tlie thing where-
in the plague is, and he shall shut it
up seven days more :^ '^^and the
priest shall look on the plague, after
that it is washed : and, behold, if the
plague have not changed his colour,
and the plague be not spread ; it is
unclean ; thou shalt burn it in the
fire ; it is fret inward, \i'hether° it be
bare within or without. ^^ And if
tlie priest look, and, behold, the
plague be somewhat dark after the
washing of it ; then he shall rend it

e (For want of a
similar discrimi-
nation of the dif-
ferent kinds of
the disorder, in
some countrie.i,
this uncontagiows
form of it equally
with the others,
usually separates
the person offlict-
td with it from
the common inter-
course of life.
I'ic. Bib.)

e 2 Chr. 26, 21.

I (The law seems
to have come in
force at 07irx. The
dry air of the
desert for forty
years, and these
excellent sana-
tory regulations,
tended itouhtlrss
to diminish the
prevalence of the
disease.) Nu. 5,
1—4, and 12, 14,
IG.

/Lii. 17, 12.

K lleb., work of.

A Ileb., vessel;
or, instrument.

)J. (A disease in
woollen cloth, si-
milar to that here
described, pro-
ceeds from the use
of lohat is called
" dead wool," i.e.,
the wool of sheep
that have died by
di.iease.l'he stuffs
made with it be-
came soon bare,
full of little de-
2>ressions, and
then of holes. Mi-
cliaelis in Tic.
Bib.)

I' (This teas a most
ilfccliad preven-
tivi- regulation, as
it would operate
in making every
one careful not to
maimfacture, ei-
ther for his own
use or for sale,
stuffs by which
such loss would
be incurred.)

f (That there
might be the
most unequivocal
marks andproofs
that the garment
v:as or was not
injected.)

o Ileb., wlietlur
it be bald in the
head thereof, or
in the forehead
thereof.

112

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. 1

LEVITICUS.

J LE. 13, 33.
1 14, 18.

r ((^iilmet thinJcs
' the clolh'H-
- /, as tvrtl
I in mnn,
iseil 1)1/ the
■ ■■■' of nii-
in^crts or
, wh ich
I the t'X-
■'Jl-n the

I'.. , llib.)

, f .t,-ror<!iii:! to
tlu.r-K-s,th-_lir>^t
Viish ill 7 V'tn to
p.,t ,<ir,i:i th.-

r::.,;u..)

r " •«< minute

>id r'ffit'd-

iinil strict

tioiis to

.f the

of conli-
jtrove that
I tens a
lit (t tcrll-
■ lise.J.ir. It
to this <l<iii
n throufih-
jpl. S,;'ri<i,
and I'aU.-itiiie.)

g Mat. 8, 4. Ma.
1,4(1. I,u..''>, 12,
and 17, 14.

T Or, spnrroins.

(The t-Tm in-

r!r.;,s the vliub

7 of umall

- Ihnishi.1,

V (Prohnhly n stpe-

r'f s if juniper,

1x1 of most

f which is

Jilt, mid is

pl.iitiful in thi^

desert.)

^ (Of the acnrJet
or crimson wool
ti!</(i made a fillet,
attnchinfilhehi/s-
Siip mid liriiii/
bird to the ced/ir

IDOOll.)

h Ps. .51, 7.

X (In a ceremony
of clennsing,
every thing must
be ns pure as
possible.)

i I'li.sha (bade
Nnanmn\ Go
anil wa.sli in
.Ionian .seven
times. .. and fhon
shall be clean.
2 Ki. 5, 10.

out of the piniioiit, or out of the
skin, or out of the warp, or out of
tlic woof :"■ ^"^ and if it appear still in
the garment, either in the warp, or
in the woof, or in any thing of skin ;
it is a spreading plar/ue : thou shalt
burn that wherein the plague is with
fire. ^Anil the garment, cither
war]), or woof, or whatsoever thing
of skin il be, which thou slialt wash,
if the plague he departed from them,
then it shall he washed the secoudP
time, and shall be clean."

^•'This is the law"^ of the plague of
leprosy in a garment of Avoollen or
linen, either in the warp, or woof, or
any thing of skins, to pronounce it
clean, or to pronounce it unclean.

"V'Tl/' "I Of the si/mholicnl cleansing of the
-'*■-'• 'J leprosy.

A ND the Lord spake unto Moses,
Tjl saying, ^ "This shall be the law
of the leper in the day of his cleans-
ing : lie shall be brought unto the
priest -.5' 3 and the priest shall go
forth out of the camp ; and the ])riest
shall look, and, behold, if the plague
of leprosy be healed in the leper ;
^then shall the priest command to
take for him that is to be cleansed
two birds^ alive and clean, and cedar"
wood, and scarlet,* and hyssop ;*
*^and the priest shall command that
one of the birds be killed in an
earthen vessel over running water.
^'As for the living bird, he shall take
it, and the cedar wood, and the scar-
let, and the hyssop, and shall dip
them and llie living bird in the blood
of the bird t/icit teas killed over the
running^ water : "and he shall sprin-
kle upon him that is to be cleansed
from the leprosy seven' times, and
shall pronounce him clean, aiul shall
let the living bird loose into theopen'^
field.

•^And he that is to be cleansed
shall wash his clothes, and shave" oft'
all his hair, and wash himself in
water, that he may be clean : and
after that he shall come into the

camp, and shall tarry abroad out of
his tent seven* days, '■' IJut it shall
be on the seventh day, that he shall
shave all his hair oft" his head and his
beard and his eyebrows, even all his
hair he shall shave oft": and he shall
wash his clothes, also he shall wasii
his flesh in water, and he shall be
clean. ^"And on the eighth day he
sliall take two he lambs without
blemish, and one ewe lamb of the
first year" without blemish, and three
tenth deals of fine flour for a meat
oft'ering, mingled with oil, and one
log of oil.

^^And the priest that maketh Iiiin
clean shall present the man that is
to be made clean, and those things,
before the Lokd, at the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation : ^-and
the priest shall take one he lamb,
and ofter him for a trespass^ oftering,
and tlie log of oil, and wave them
for a wave oft'ering before the Loiu) :
'■'and he shall slay the lamb in the
place where he shall kill the sin oft'er-
ing and the burnt otfering, in the
holy place : for as the sin oft'ering is
the priest's, so is the trespass oft'er-
ing ; it is most holy : ^^and the priest
shall take some of the blood of the
trespass offering, and the priest shall
put it n\)on the tip of the right ear'
of him that is to be cleansed, and
upon the thumb of his right hand,
and upon the great toe of his right
foot :y '-'and the priest shall take
some of the log of oil, and ])our //
into the palm of his own left hand :
'^and the priest shall dip his right
finger in the oil that is in his left
haiul, and shall sprinkle of the oil
with his finger seven times before
the Loud : ^^and of the rest of the
oil that is in his hand shall the priest
])ut upon the tip of the right ear of
him that is to be cleansed, and upon
the thumb of his right hand, and
upon the great toe of his right foot,
upon the blood of the tresjiass oiVer-
ing: ^'^and the remnant of the oil
that is in the priest's hand he shall

ifi Hcb., upon Ihf
face of the field.

(o (Thnt he might
be thoroughly
clejinsed from
ir/iatrver lUfile-
ment might re-
mo in on anyjMirt
of his body.)

I; ...Miriam was
slint out from
the ramp mrven

days Nn. 12,

15.

a Hcb., the /laugh-
ter of lur yeiir.

/3 (Tht gin offer-
ing was for his
impurity ; th-'
trespass offering
for his trans-
gression; and the
gratitwie nff.riny
(mincliah, m-at
offering,lhejlour)
for his gracious
cleansing. These
constituted the
offering which
each was ordered
to bring to tite
priest. Mat. 8,
4.)

M'.x.20, 30. Cb.
8, 23.

y (The ear, the
hmid, if' the foot,
to signify that he
was once mare
put in a position
/<) render to so-
cietg those ser-
vices which his
impurity hadpre-
vnt'dhis render-
ing.)

U'6

LE. 14, 19. 1
15,11.1

LEVITICUS.

/A.M. 3834.
( B.C. 1607.

; (The peculiar
pronthwnC': given
to this disease
arises from its
having been re-
gtirdr^dnti Iheout-
ward type of sin.
" Everi) leper"
says ileiif^sten-
berg, " u:as a
warning sermon,
a londadmonition
to keep unspott'd
from the world.)

S (TVie kind con-
sideration of the
ability and cir-
cumstances of in-
dividuals, vthic/i
distinguishes all
the statutes of
the Mosaic law,
shordd he care-
fully noted.)

e Hell., his hand
reach not.

ilHXi., for a wav-
ing.

ij (The difference
between the sin
offering and the
trespass offering
seems to he this:
the sin offering
had a special re-
ference to sin as
such ; the tres-
pass offering ra-
ther to the evil
resulting from it.
Hence the latter
was, as a sacri-
fice, inferior to
the former, and
might justly be
re gard>-d,as Fair-
bairn remarks, as
a kind of appen-
dage to it.)

pour npon the head of him that is to
be ck^ansed : and the priest sliall
make an atonement for him before
the Lord.*

^^And the priest shall offer the sin
offering, and make an atonement for
him that is to be cleansed from his
uncleanness ; and afterward he shall
kill the burnt offering ; ^^ and the
priest shall offer the burnt offering
and the meat offering upon the altar :
and the priest shall make atonement
for him, and he shall be clean.

2^ And if he he poor,^ and cannot^
get so much ; then he shall take one
lamb for a trespass offering to^ be
waved, to make an atonemenf for
him, and one tenth deal of fine flour
mingled with oil for a meat offering,
and a log of oil ; ^'^ and two turtle-
doves, or two young pigeons, such as
he is able to get ; and the one shall
be a sin offering, and the other a
bixrnt offering. ^'^And he shall bring
them on the eighth day for his
cleansing unto the priest, unto the
door of the tabernacle of the congre-
gation, before the Lord. ^*And the
priest shall take the lamb of the tres-
pass offering, and the log of oil, and
the priest shall wave ihcm. for a wave
offering before the Lord : ^^ and he
shall kill the lamb of the trespass
offering, and the priest shall take
some of the blood of the trespass
offering, and put it upon the tip of
the right ear of him that is to be
cleansed, and upon the thumb of his
right hand, and upon the great toe of
his right foot : ^''^ and the priest shall
pour of the oil into the palm of his
own left hand : ^^ and the priest shall
sprinkle with his right finger some of
the oil that is in his left hand seven
times before the Lord : '^'^ and the
priest shall put of the oil that is in
ins liand upon the tip of the right ear
of him that is to be cleansed, and
upon the thumb of his right hand,
and upon the great toe of his right
foot, upon the place of the blood of
the trespass offering : '^'^and the rest

of the oil that is in the priest's hand
he shall put upon the head of him
that is to be cleansed, to make an
atonement for him before the Lord.*

2^ And he shall offer the one of the
turtledoves,"* or of the young pigeons,
such as he can get ; '■^^ even such as
he is able to get, the one for a sin
offering, and the other for a burnt
offering, with the meat offering : and
the priest shall make an atonement
for him that is to be cleansed before
the Lord."

^^ This is the law of him in whom
is the plague of leprosy, whose hand
is not able to get that" which pertain-
eth to his cleansing.

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, saying, "^^''AVhen
ye be come into the land of Canaan,"
which I give to you for a possession,
and I' put the plague of leprosy in a
house of the land of your possession ;
^^ and he that owneth the liouse shall
come and tell the priest, saying, It
seemeth to me there is as it were
a plague'' in the house -p ^"^ then
the priest shall command that they
empty^ the house, before the priest
go into it to see the plague, that all
that is in the house be not made un-
clean : and afterward the priest shall
go in to see the house -.^ "^^ and he
shall look on the plague, and, be-
hold, if the plague be in the Avails of
the house with hollow strakes, green-
ish or reddisli, which in sight are
lower than the wall ; ^^ then the priest
shall go out of the house to the door
of the house, and shut up the house
seven days; ^-'and the priest shall
come again the seventh day, and
shall look ; and, behold, if the plague
be spread in the walls of the house ;
'^^ then the priest shall command tliat
they take away the stones in which
the plague is, and they shall cast
them into an unclean place without
the city : ^^ and he shall cause the
house to be scraped within round
about, and they shall pour out the

6 (Thus he whom
thehlondofChrist
purifies, becomes
able to hear once
more,withJny and
peace, the com^
forts and consola-
tions of the Gos-
pel : <('■ tuith holy
hands to do God's
work, to walk in
Gol's ways on
earth, in God's
courts with God's
people, and so to
go on, cleansed
and freed from
the leprosy of the
second death.
Blessed & happy
are those who are
delivered from
the leprosy of
habitual sin ;
whose garinents
are not spotted,
and whose houses
are free from
evil. Tinmseud.)

m Ve. 22. Ch. 15,
15.

n Ve. 10.

o Gc. 17, 8. Nu.
32, 22. De. 7, 1,
and 32, 49.

t (In Scripture
God is frequent-
ly represented as
doing what, in
the course ofllis
Providence, He
only permits or
suffers to be done.
Clarke.)

K (The leprosy in
garments and in
house:! was evi-
dently considered
and treated as an
image of that in
man, and on that
account alone was
purification, or
destruction order-
ed. Fairbairn.)

p Ve. 35. The
curse of the Lord
is in tlie house
of tlio wicked ;
but He blesseth
tlie habitation of
the just. i'r. 3,
33.

A. lleh., prejiare.

q Because tliou
hast made the
Lord which is
luy refuge, iwen
the Most High,
thy habitation;
there sluill no
evil befall thee,
neither shall
any plague Clime
nigh thy dwell-
ing. Ps. 91, 9, 10.

144

A.M. 3834.1
E.C. 1607. r

LEVITICUS.

' LE. 14, 19. I

i 16, 11. !

I will brinj;

(tlllTUISo)loltll.

saitli till- LiTil
of Hosts, mill it
shiill I'litcr iiit<i
thf h.nisc of the
tliit'f, and into
till' house of him
tlmt swi'im'th
fiils.ly hy My
name : anil it
I shall n-mftin in
th.' midst of his
house, and shall
consume it with
the timber
tliereof, aiul tlio
stnncs thereof.
Zee. 5, i.

t ...If after thoy
have osca])ed
the pollutions
of the worlil,
tlimuKh the
knowledpo of
the Lord and
Saviour .Tosus
Clirist, thoy are
a^ain entauj^led
therein & over-
come, the latter
ciul is wor.se
with them than
the hofrinninjj.
2 I'e. •-•, -20.

t Ch. 1.'^, 51.

u ...The wrath of
the Loitn arose
apiinst His peo-
ple, till there
was no remedy
(or, h,-li„y).
Therefore He
brought upon
them the king
of the fhaldees,
■wIio...hurnt the
house of Cod,
and brake down
the wall of Jeru-
salem, and burnt
nil the palaces
thereof with lire.
2(.hr. yti, 16, 17,
19.

V I heard (a)

voice from

luMiven, sayinfi.

' < 'onie

nut

her (Babylon),
My people, that
ye he not par-
takers of her
sins, and that yi'
ri'ceive not of
her plnf;:uc3.
Ke. IS, 4.

ft. lleb., in com in;/
ill s/ititl come in.

w Such were

some of you: but
yc are washed.
but yc are sanc-
titied, but ye arc
justilifd ill the
name of the

Lord .Jesus

1 Co. 6, 11.

(lust that tliev scrapo off without tho
city into an uiick-an phicc : '*-' and
they shall take otlua- stom-.s, and put
them in the place of those stones ;
and he shall take other niurter, and
shall plaister'" the house.

■'■'And if the plaj^ue come again,
and break out in the house, after
that he hath taken away the stones,
and after he hath scraped the house,
and after it is plaistered ;* '** then the
])riost shall come and look, and, be-
hold, if the plague be spread in the
house, it is a fretting' leprosy in the
house: it is unclean. '^•''And he shall
break down" the house, the stones of
it, and the timber thereof, and all the
morter of the house ; and he shall
carry them forth out of the city into
an unclean place.

^*^ Moreover he that goetli" into
the house all the while that it is
shut up shall be unclean until the
even.

'^^ And he that lieth in the house
shall wash liis clothes ; and he that
eateth in ^the house shall wash his
clothes.

^^And if the priest shall^ come in,
and look iqion it, and, behold, the
plague hath not spread in the house,
after the house was plaistered : tlieu
the priest shall pronounce the house
clean, because the plague is healed,

^'■*And he shall take to cleanse'"
the house two birds, and cedar wood,
and scarlet, and hyssop: ^"aud he
shall kill the one of the birds in an
earthen vessel over running water :
^' and he shall take the cedar wood,
and the liyssop, and the scarlet, and
the living bird, and dip them in the
blond of the slain bird, and in the
running water, and sprinkle the house
seven times : "^-and he shall cleanse
the house with the blood of the bird,
and with the running water, and with
the living bird, and with the cedar
wood, and with the hyssop, and with
the scarlet : ^ but he shall let go
the living bird out of the city into
the open fields, and make an atone-

ment for the house : and it shall b(^
clean."

^' This is the law for all manner of
])lague of leprosy, and scall, ''•' aiul
for the leprosy of a garment, and of
a house," '^'and for a rising-, and for
a scab, and for a bright spot: ^'^to
teach-^ when it is unclean, and when
it is clean -J this is the law of
leprosy.

.A. V . 0/ sundry personal ancUannessea.

AND the Loud spake unto ^^fo.ses
and to Aaron, saying, - "Speak
unto the children of Israel, and say
unto them, When any man hath'' a
running" issue out of his flesh, be-
cause of his issue he is unclean.
''And this shall be his uncleanness in
his issue : whether his flesh run with
his issue, or his flesh be stopped from
his issue, it is his uncleanness. "'Every
bed, whereon he lieth that hath the
issue, is unclean : and every thing,''
whereon he sitteth, shall be unclean.
■''And whosoever toucheth his bed
shall wash his clothes, and bathe him-
self iu water, and be unclean until
the even. ''And he that sitteth on
ant/ thing whereon he sat that hath
the issue shall wash his clothes, and
bathe himself in water, and be un-
clean- until the even. ^ And he that
toucheth the flesh of him that hath
the issue shall wash his clothes, and
bathe himself iu water, and be un-
clean" until the even. '^And if he
that hath the issue spit ujioii him
that is clean; then he shall wash
his clothes, and bathe himseff in
water, and be unclean until the even.
•'And what sadiUe soever he rideth
u])on that hath the issue shall be un-
clean. "'And whosoever toucheth
any thing that was under him shall
be unclean until the even: and he
that beareth «??yo/" tho.se things shall
wash his clothes, and bathe* himself
in water, and be unclean until the
even. ''And whomsoever he touch-
eth that hath the issue, and hath not

V (At this (lay one
of thr principnl
mijiplies of salt-
petre ill Piilf still',
is derived from
III e ancient ru im il
honsrs (built of
stone) ill the
country beyoin!
the rii'er Jordan.
ISurckhardt,
f|uoted by Dr.
Kitto.)

jc Teach My

people the dif-
ference between
tin? holy and

))rofane Ezi'.

44, 23. Take
heed in the
plajjuc of lepro-
sy, that thou ob-
serve diliKi'ntly,
audduaceordiii;;
to all that the
priests the Le-
vites .shall teach
you : as I com-
manded them, so
ye shall observe
to do. De.24,8.

f ITcb., in tlut day
of the uiiclutn, <f;
i;i the day of the
deem.

y ...Let there not
fail from tlic
liouse of Joab
one that hath an
issue. ...2 tja. 3,

•jy.

o Or, running of
the reins. (An
emission peculiar
to inen, and aria-
iny Jrom debi-
lity.)

IT Ilcb., vessel.

z Ch. 22, 4. Nu.
6,2. 2!?a. 3, 29.

a ...CIc.insc your
hands, ye siti-
ners, au<l purify
your lusart.s, ye
double minded.
Ja. 4, 8.

b Wa.sh yo>i,
make yon clean;
put away the
evil of your do-
injjs from Ihjfore
Mine eyes ;ceaso
to do evil ; learn
to do well. Is.
1, 16, 17.

145

LE. 15, 12. 1

16, 21. r

LEVITICUS.

r A.M. 3834.
[ B.C. 1607.

TT (Df. Kitto says:
" It is our stroiiij
imprejisimi that
the, earthen vis-
si-ls which Mosis
itirertfil to he
lirtiken were not
ijlazeil. From
their porous noc-
ture, therefore,
v.hntever spot,
stain, or other
impuriti/ they re-
vival, was at once
ahsorbeil into
their mass, either
immediatehi, or
throuijh the nrjen-
cij of the v'nter,
and it liernme iin-
possihle tocleanse
them entirely.")

p (A mystirnl
number siynify-
ing a full anil
perfect cleans-
ing; ami the num-
ber eight fre-
tjvently denotes
the commence-
ment of a new ca-
reer, e.g., the day
of circumcision <£•
of Christ's resur-
rection.)

<T (It should he re-
rnarked, that the
sacrijices binding
on the people luere
readily obtain-
oblr in Palestine.
Tiirtledores owl
pigeons abounded
in the land.)

T Ch. 22, 4. Ho.
23, 10. (Proceed-
ing from the in-
duU/cnce of a pru-
rient and unre-
strained imagi-
nation.)

c I Sa. 21, 4.

V rieb., in her se-
paration. (Tlie
circumstance of
an expiation be-
ing pre scribed for
the unrleanness
contracted by wo-
men, is in favour
of leprosy not
being a judicial
& supernatural,
hut an ordinary
disease. Clial-
mers.)

rinsed his hands in water, he shall
wash his clothes, and bathe himself
in Avatcr, and be unclean nntil the
even. ^"^And the vessel of earth,
that he toucheth which hath the
issue, shall be broken :^ and every
vessel of wood shall be rinsed in
water.

^^ And when he that hath an issue
is cleansed of his issue ; then he shall
number to himself seven? days for his
cleansinj^, and wa.'^h his clothes, and
bathe his flesh in running water, and
sliall be clean. ^^ And on the eighth
day he shall take to him two turtle-
doves,"^ or two young pigeons, and
come before the Loud unto the door
of the tabernacle of the congregation,
and give them unto the priest : ^^ and
the priest shall otter them, the one
for a sin offering, and the other ybr a
burnt offering; and the priest shall
make an atonement for him before
the Lord for his issue.

^•^ And if any man's seed of copu-
lation^ go out from him, then he shall
wash all his flesh in water, and be
unclean until the even. ^'^ And every
gannent, and eveiy skin, whereon is
the seed of copulation, shall be washed
with water, and be unclean until the
even. ^^ The woman also with whom
man shall lie with seed of copulation,
they shall both bathe themselves in
water, and be unclean'' until the
even.

^^And if a woman have an issue,
and her issue in her flesh be blood,
she shall be put apart" seven daj's :
and whosoever toucheth her shall be
miclean until the even. '^"^ And every
thing that she li(;th upon in her sepa-
ration sliall be unclean : every thing
also that she sitteth upon shall be
unclean. ^^ And whosoever toucheth
her bed shall wash his clothes, and
bathe himself in water, and be un-
clean until the even. ^^And whoso-
ever toucheth any thing that she sat
upon, shall wash his clothes, and bathe
himself in water, and be unclean until

the even. ^^ And if it be on her bed,
or on any thing whereon slie sitteth,
when he toucheth it, he shall be un-
clean until the even. ^•^And if any
man lie''' with her at all, and her
flowers be upon him, he shall be un-
clean seven days ; and all the bed
whereon he lieth shall be unclean.

2^ And if a woman have an issue'^
of her blood many days out of the
time of her separation, or if it run
beyond the time of her separation ;
all the days of the issue of her un-
clcanness shall be as the days of
her separation : she shall be unclean.
^•^ Every bed whereon she lieth all
the days of her issue shall bo unto
her as the bed of her separation : and
whatsoever she sitteth upon shall be
unclean, as the uncleanness of her
separation. ^^And whosoever touch-
eth those things, shall be unclean
and shall wash his clothes, and bathe
himself in water, and be unclean until
the even.

2^ But if she be cleansed of her
issue, then she shall number to her-
self seven days, and after that she
shall be clean. ^^And on the eighth
day she shall take unto her two tur-
tles, or two young pigeons, and bring
them unto the priest, to the door of
the tabernacle of the congregation.
^•^And the priest shall otter the one
for a sin ottering, and the other /or a
burnt ottering; and the priest shall
make an atonement for her before
the Lord for the issue of her un-
cleanness.

^^ Thus shall ye separate the chil-
dren of Israel iVom their unclean-
ness ;x that they die not in their
uncleanness, when they defile* My
tabernacle that is among them."

""^'■^ This is the law of him tliat hath
an issue, and of him whose seed goeth
from him, and is defiled therewith ;
^^and of her that is sick of her flowers,
and of him that hath an issue, of the
man, and of the woman, and of him
that lieth with her that is unclean.

<j> (There seems to
be intimatedhere,
that i nsen.tibility
to that which is
7iause.ous and re-
volting, has some-
thing of moral
guilt in it. Chal-
mers.) Ch. 20,
18.

d A certain wo-
man, which liad
an issue of blood
twelve years,
and had suflTered
many tlunf;s of
many physi-
cians, and had
spent all that
she had, and was
nothing better-
ed, but rather
grew worse,
when she had
heard of Jesus,
came in the
press behind, &
touched his gar-
ment. Mat. 9,
20. Jla. .5, 26, 27.
Lu. 8, 43.

X (I^r. Kitto con-
cludes his re-
marks on these
chapters relating
to contagious dis-
orders, and to
acts causing cere-
monial unclean-
ness, by directing
attention to the
admirable^ regu-
lations for pre-
ve7iting conta-
gion. " We are
unaci/nai/iti-d
icith any nrii nlul
nation, nnciintor
modern, which
had a sanatory
code in the slight-
est degree com-
parable to this,
wh ich is indeed
scarcely equalled
by the reg ulat ions
of the best Eu-
ropean lazarettos.
We have been
eye witnesses of
the fearful con-
sequences which
proceed inAsiatic
countries from
the absence of
any measures to
prevent the
spread of conta-
gious disorders.")

e Surely, be-
cause thou hast
defiled My sanc-
tuary with all
thy ' detestable
things, and with
all thine abomi-
nations, there-
fore will I also
diminish thee
Eze. 5, 11.

146

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. j

LEVITICUS.

i LE. 15, 12.
( 16, 21.

' ...Onco in tlic
n sliilll III'

ki'lltdlU'llK'Ilt

a the (iiU'iTV

,1^ Kx. a'l,

1". t'h. 2:), '27.
II. . 9, 7, and 10,

Bl/ ...Christ boinpr
come an Ilif,'h
Priest of Kood
things to ciiiiii',
by ft urentor
and more pci'foot
tabernacle, not
made with

li.iiids neither

liv tlie Idood of
K'liits & calves,
hut bv His own
bU..Mi; He enter-
ed in once into
tl»e holvpl.ice...
lie. 9, 11, 12.

h Ex. 29, .30. Ch.
6, 10. Eze. 44,
17.

iCb. 4, 14. Xu.
20, U. 2 Chr.
2;», 21. l>.r. C,
17. Eze. 45, 22.

; ...Every high
priest taken
from among men
is ordained for
men in things
pertaining to
Ciodithathemay
offer both gifts
and sacritices for
sins. lie. 6, 1.

iji Hcb., Aztizel.
(I-'tiirb<iini,Ty\).,
i.. p. 423, say.i,
" T/i in vieic^scapf-
goat) is now al-
most entirely a-
bauiloned ;" with
tnit icfi Wilier,
liiihr, <t Tluilack
tii/ree. So Jiuih
(t' Ijesenius. The
itijfrrent inter-
prettitions of this
word may he seen
in llitchart'a
Hierozoicon, i.,
K*\ & I'ic. llib.,
i., 34.3.)

j> Ileb., jrcnt up.

I 1 Jno. 2, 2.

a ( Over him,
often used o/ttr
TE3, but tiivir
in the sense of
"with." Ogden.)

/3 (The vessel in
which incense was
presented in the
timple.) 2 Chr.
26, 19. Kzo. 8,
11. Ke. 8,3.

V'VrT 1 Of the undeanness of the priests fl 1 H
^V V X.J and the people. ^11"

iko unto Moses

AM) tlie Loud spako unto 3
l\_ aft(M- the death of the two sons
<>t" Aaron, when they otVered before
the Jji)i;i), and died; "'^and tlie Luiii)
said unto Moses, " Sjjeak unto Aaron
thy brother, that he come not at all
times-/" into the holy place mthin^ the
vail before the mercy seat, which is
ui>on the ark ; that he die not : for 1
will appear in the cloud upon the
mercy seat. ^ Thus sliall Aaron
come into the holy place : with a
young bullock for a sin ottering, and
a ram for a burnt offering, "^llc
shall put on the holy linen coat,'* and
he shall have the linen breeches u])on
his tie.sh, and shall be girded w ith a
linen girdle, and with the linen mitre
shall he be attired : these are holy
gannents ; therefore shall he wash
his flesh in water, and so put them
on. ^And he shall take of the con-
gi'egation' of the children of Israel
two kids of the goats for a sin oti'er-
ing, and one ram for a burnt otYering.
''And Aaron shall oft'er liis bullock of
the sin otVering, which /,s' for himself,
and make an atonement''' for himself,
and for his house. ^And he shall
take the two goats, and present them
before the Louu at the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation. ''And
Aaron shall cast lots upon the two
goats ; one lot for the Loiti), and the
other lot for the scapegoat.''' ^And
Aaron shall bring the goat upon
which the Louu'.s lot fell," and oiler
hun fur a sin olVering, ^" But the
goat, on which the lot fell to be the
scapegoat, shall be presented alive
before the Louu to make an atone-
ment' with him,'* and to let him go
for a scapegoat into the wilderness.

^^And Aai'on shall bring the bul-
lock of the sin oflering, which is for
himself, and shall make an atone-
ment for himself, and for his house,
and shall kill the bullock of the sin
olVering which is for himself : '-and
he shall take a censer'^ full of burn-

ing coals of fire from off the allar
before the LouK, and his handsY full
of sweet incense beaten small, and
bring it within the vail: '"^and he
shall put the incense ui)on the fire
before the IjOUD, that the cloud of
the incense may cover the mercy
seat that is u])on the testimony, that
he die not : ^* and he shall take of
the blood of the bullock, and sprinkle
it with his finger upon the mercy
seat eastward ; and before the mercy
seat shall he sprinkle of the blood
with his finger st;ven times.

i^Then shall he kill the goat of
the sin offering, that is for the peo-
ple,' and bring his blood within the
vail, and do with that blood as he
did with the blood of the bullock,
and sprinkle it upon the mercy seat,
and before the inercy seat : ^^ and he
shall make an atonement for the holy
place.1 because of the uncleanness of
the children of Israel, and because of
their transgi-essions in all their sins :
and so shall he do for the tabernacle
of the congregation, that reinaincth^
anumg them in the midst of their
uncleanness. ^'^And there shall be
no'" man in the tabernacle of the
congregation when he goetli" in to
make an atonement in the h(dy ;;/acc,
until he come out, and have made an
atonement for himself, and for his
household, and for all the congrega-
tion of Israel. ^**And he shall go
out unto the altar that is before the
Louu, and make an atonement for
it ; and shall take of the blood of the
bullock, and of the blood of the goat,
and ])ut // upon the horns of the altar
round about. '-'And he shall sprin-
kle of the blood upon it with his
finger seven times, and ch'anse it,
and hallow it from the uncleanness
of the children of Israel.

'■^And when he hath made an end
of reconciling the holy place, and the
tabernacle of the congregation, and
the altar, ho shall bring the live
goat : '^^ and Aaron shall lay* both
his hands upon the head of the live

y (In this cue the
iiiiitise wiu ImrnI
while the hiyh
priest heUl thi:
censer in his
hanil,wh ii:h seems
to require its hnv-
ii.ij a handle. Its
form we have no
means of iteter-
viininy, heyowl
tlv fact that it
was a pan or vase
vtith n stanit.
The lUiily censers
were of brass,
Nu. IG, .19; the
tji nrly one was of
f/i'ld. .losephn.s,
^lHr.,xvi.,4. He.
9, 4.)

I ...r.y reason of
finlinnity) he
oiijiht, as for the
people, so also
for himself, to
otTi^r for sins.
He. .5, ••!, and 9,
7. Ch. 9, 7.

o Ueb., dwdteth.

m No man shnll
come np with
thee, neither ht
any man Ik- seen
throiighont all
the mount. Kx.
3^1,3.

n Into the second
went the high
priistaloiieonce
everv year, not
witbiiut bl..<«l.
which he offered
for himself, and
for the en-ors <>(
the people. He.
9, 7.

c (In the
the sin

''In the cn.<ie of
ami the
tresjtass offer-
iiKjs, tlie person
who brought the
sacrifice pUici it
his hands on the
head of the ani-
mal, bttween the
horns, and con-

fe.ised, S'l'ini.l.

'•I have st.u,-.l:
I have dvii' ifii-
qiiity ; aiul hare
done thus and
thus; aiui do re-
turn by repent-
nnee \>efore Thee,
and with t/iit I
nuike atone-
nunt.")

147

LE. 16, 22. 1

18, 12. ;

LEVITICUS.

• A.M. 3834.
I B.C. 1607.

n All ■(re, like
sheep, have gone
astray ; we have
turned everyone
to his own way ;
and the I-oitu
hathlaidonllini
the iniquitv of
us all. Is. 53, G.

f lleb., a man of
opportuniti/. (By
a win prepared
h'forehand. Pa-
trick.)

0 Behold the

Lanih of God,
wliich takcth
(Imaretli) away
the sin of the
world. Jno. 1,
29. Is. 53, 11.
He. 9, 28. 1 Pe.
2, 24.

r; Ileh., o/sepa-

) When they go
forth into the

outer court

they shall put
off their gar-
ments wherein
they ministered,
and lay tliem in
the holy cham-
hers, and they
shall put on
other gannents ;
and they sliall
not sanctify the
people with their
garments. Ezc.
44, 19.

9 (Not only the
person who led
/iimawai),hut the
}!/ rson who conie-
tnited him, was
reputed unclean.)

t (The command-
ment of/astinrj—
the only fast en-
joined hy MoseK —
null sanr.tif'yin;/
this tenth day, in
T'p'nted ch. 23,
32, hut it is then'
eiilled the ninth
diiy at even, he-
c'liifse the Jewish
day hegnn with
the evening. The
seventh month
wris Tisri, which
anxioers to a part
of September rind
October. It u-ns
the seventh of the
snered and the
first of the civil
year.)

7 Is. 58, 6.

r .Tc. 3.3, 8. Ps.
51, 2. Kp. 5, 26.
He. 9, 13. IJno.
1,7.

goat, and confess over him all tlie
iniquities of the chikh'en of Israel,
and all their transgressions in all
their sins," putting them upon the
head of the goat, and shall send him
away by the hand of a fit^ man into
the wilderness : ^^ and the goat shall
beai-" upon him all their iniquities
unto a land not inhabited'' : and he
shall let go the goat in the wilder-
ness,

23 And Aaron shall come into the
tabernacle of the congregation, and
shall put o&P the linen garments,
which he put on when he went into
the holy ^3?ace, and shall leave them
there : '^^ and he shall wash his flesh
with water in the holy place, and
put on his gannents, and come forth,
and offer his burnt offering, and the
burnt offering of the people, and
make an atonement for himself, and
for the people. ^SAnd the fat of the
sin offering shall he burn upon the
altar,

26 And he that let go^ the goat for
the scapegoat shall wash his clothes,
and bathe his flesh in water, and
afterward come into the camp,

27 And the bullock for the sin
offering, and the goat for the sin
offering, whose blood was brought in
to make atonement in the holy ^jfece,
shall one carry forth without the
camp; and they shall burn in the
fire their skins, and their flesh, and
their dung, ^s And he that burneth
them shall wash his clothes, and
bathe his flesh in water, and after-
ward he shall come into the camp,

29 And this shall be a statute for
ever unto you : that in the seventh
month, on the tenth day of the
month, ye shall afflict' your souls,
and do no work? at all, whether it he
one of your own country, or a stranger
that sojourneth among you: ^*^for on
that day shall the priest make an
atonement for you, to cleanse you,
that ye may be clean from all your
sins before the Lord,'' ^^ It shall be

a sabbath of rest unto you, and ye
shall afflict your souls, by a statute
for ever,

^2 And the priest, whom he shall
anoint, and whom he shall consecrate''
to minister in the priest's office in liis
father's stead, shall make the atone-
ment,^ and shall put on the linen
clothes, eve7i the holy garments :
''^^and he shall make an atonement
for the holy sanctuary, and he shall
make an atonement for the tabernacle
of the congregation, and for the altar,
and he shall make an atonement for
the priests, and for all the people of
the congi-egation. ^^And this shall
be an everlasting statute unto you, to
make an atonement for the children of
Israel for all their sins once'^ a year,"

And he did as the Lord com-
manded Moses,

WTT 1 '^^® "^5" '^^^^ *'"^ portion of Tl "I 1
•^^ ' J the hook, the second section of |_^ ••- -*■

the Levitical code. The puhlio
services of the worshippers are
over. Here hegin some rules
affecting their private morals
and their secret devotions.

BOXAU.)

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 2 " Speak unto Aaron,
and unto his sons, and unto all tne
children of Israel, and say unto them;
This is the thing which the Lord
hath commanded,' saying, ^What
man soever there be of the house of
Israel that killeth an ox, or lamb, or
goat, in the camp, or that killeth it
out of the camp, ^and bringeth it not
unto the door of the tabernacle of the
congregation, to offer an offering unto
the Lord before the tabernacle of the
Lord ; blood shall be imputed'^ unto
that man; he hath shed blood; and
that man shall be cut oft' from among
his people : •''to the end that the chil-
dren of Israel may bring their sacri-
fices, which they offer in the open"
field, even that they may bring them
unto the Lord, unto the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation, unto
the priest,'' and offer them for peace
offerings unto the Lord,

K Ileb., fll his
/land.

! ...Now once in
the end of the
woi'ld hath He
appeared, to put
away sin hy the
sacrifice of Him-
self. He. 9, 26.

A (Acenrding to
the Talmud and
3lai monides, the
eidrance of the
high priest into
the sanctuary
tnoJc place four
different times.
The expression of
the apostle, He.
9, 7, " once every
year," may refer
to the one day in
the year.)

t But nnto the
place which the
Lord your God
shall choose out
of all your tribes
to put His name
there, even nnto
His habitation
shall ye seek,
and thither thou
shall come : and
thither ye shall
bring yourburnt
offerings... .Do
12, 6, 6.

IX. (Shall he linhle
to have his blood
shed, or to lose
his life.)

a Ye shall utterly
destroy all the
places wherein
the nations that
ye shall possess
served their
gods, upon the
high mountains,
and upon the
hills, and under
every green tree.
De. 12, 2. 1 Ki.
14,2.3. 2K1. 16,
4, and 17, 10. 2
(Jhr. 28, 4. Eze.
20, 28.

c (Prohibiting pri-
vate sacrifices.)

148

, A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. J

LEVITICUS.

f LE. 16, 22.
1 18, 12.

ly -2 Clir. 11, ]."..

I I's. un;. -AT. 1

I C... Ul, 20. Ito.

^■.■7 llinisel/.)

w Ye slmll

pour it upon tlu'
cftrtti ns wiitiT.
Vv. 12, 16, niid
15,23.

X Tho people

flew iipiin the

Bpnil, illld tiiok

siioeji, ftiiii oxen,
mill oalvos, an(l
slew them iipnn
the tinnind; iiml
the people dM
pat theiu with
the hlooil. 1 Psi.
14,32. Eze. 44,
7.

y (SymboUzing)
Christ Jesus,
wliom God liath
sot forth to be
a iiropitiatioii
throimh fiiith in
His blood.. ..Ko.
3, 25, and 5, 9.

z ...Tho blood of
.Ti-siisChrist Ilis
Son cleanseth us
from all sin. 1
Juo. 1, 7. ...(He)
loved us, and
washed us from
our sins in His
own bloud....Re.
1,5.

a Almost all

thin^rs are by
the law pnrfred
with blood ; and
without shed-
dill- of blo,,d is
no remission.
He. 0, 22.

o Heb., thai hnnt-

Oi uny huntmg.

b Ch. 7, 26.

<; H.T (Babylon)
blofid is in the
midst of her;
she set it upon
the fop of a
rook; she poured
it not upon the
proiind, to rover
it with dust.
r.7.e. 24, 7.

d Verses 11, 12.

Ge. 9, 4 For

the bloo.1 is the
life, and thou
inavest not eat
the'life with the
flesh. He. 12.
23, and 1.5, 2.^.
1 Sa. 14,33. Ezc.
44, 7.

IT Ileb- aearetue.

^Aiid the ])riost shall sprinkle tho
bloud upon the altar of the Lokd at
the door of the tabernacle of the
congregation, and burn the fat for a
sweet savour unto the Loud.

''And they shall no more offer their
sacritices unto devils,'' after whom
thev have gone a whoring.

This shall be a statute for ever
unto them throughout their genera-
tions.

^And thou shalt say unto them.
Whatsoever man there be of the house
of Israel, or of the strangers which
sojourn among you, that otlereth a
burnt ofteringor sacrifice, '■'and bring-
eth it not unto the door of the taber-
nacle of the congregation, to offer it
unto the Lokd ; even that man shall
be cut^ oft' from among his people.

^''And whatsoever man t/iei'e be of
the house of Israel, or of the stran-
gers that sojourn among you, that
eatetli any manner of blood ;'" I will
even set my face against that soul
that eatcth blood,^ and will cut him
oft" from among his people. ^^ For
the life of the flesh is in the blood -.^
and I have given it to you upon the
altai*^ to make an atonement for your
souls : for it is the blood" that maketh
an atonement for the soul. *-' There-
fore I said unto the children of Israel,
No soul of you shall cat blood, nei-
ther shall any stranger that sojourn-
eth among you cat blood.

^^And whatsoever man there be of
the children of Israel, or of the
strangers that sojourn among you,
which huntcth° and catchcth any
beast or fowl* that may be eaten ; he
shall even pour out the blood thereof,
and cover it with dust.*^ ^* For it is
the life of all flesh ','^ the blood of it is
for the life thereof: therefore I said
unto the children of Israel, Ye shall
eat the blood of no manner of flesh :
for the life of all flesh is the blood
thereof: whosoever eateth it shall be
cut oft".

^^And every soul that eateth that"

which died of itself, or that which was
torn icith beasts, ichether it be one ol
your own country, or a stranger, he
shall both wash his clothes, and bat lie
himself \n water, and be imdean until
the even : then shall he be chian.
1*^ But if he wash thevi not, nor bathe
his flesh; then ho shall bear his
iniquity."

V'yTTT "1 Unlawful marriages : unltw/ul

AND the Loud spake unto Moses,
saying, 2" Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, and say unto thein, I
am the Lokd your God. ^ After the
doings of the land of Egypt,' wherein
ye dwelt, shall ye not do : and after
the doings of the land of Canaan,
whither I bring you, shall ye not do:
neither shall ye walk in their ordi-
nances. ^Ye shall do my judgments,/
and keep mine ordinances, to walk
therein : I am the Louo your God.
'^Ye shall therefore keep my statutes,
and my judgments : which if a man
do, he shall live in them : I am the
Lord.

^ None of you shall approach to
any that is near of kin^ to him, to
uncover their nakedness : I am the
Lord. "^ The nakedness of thy fa-
ther, or the nakedness of thy mother,
shalt thou not uncover: she is thy
mother ; thou shalt not uncover her
nakedness. *^ The nakedness of thy
father's wife-'' shalt thou not uncover:
it is th}' father's nakedness. ''The
nakedness of thy sister,'' the daughter
of thy father, or daughter of tliy mo-
ther, ichether she be born at home, or
born abroad, even their nakedness
thou shalt not uncover. ^^ The nn-
kedness of thy son's daughter, or of
thy daughter's daughter, even their
nakedness thou shalt not uncover :
for their"s is thine own nakedness.
i^The nakedness of thy father's wife's
daughter, begotten of thy father, she
is thy sister,P thou shalt no\ uncover
her nakedness. ^^ Thou shalt not
uncover the nakedness of thy father's

e Cast yo away
every man the
abominations of
his eyes, and de-
lile not yoiir-
si-lves with the
id.dsof K-vpt..
Kze. 20, 7.

/ ...I pave them
My statutes, and
shewed them
My judgTOents,
whieli if a man
do, lie shall even
live in them.
Kze. 20, 11. l,u.
10. 2S. Ro. 10,
5. tia. 3, 12.

? Heb., Tftiuiimler
of his fl-ish. (A
lajiti/ reapr.cling
mnrringts among
rtUitivis ilixCiti-
giiiih- tithe Egyp-
tians.)

g A man shall
not tjike Ills
father's wife....
De. 22, 30, and
27, 20. 2 Sa.
10, 22.

h Eze. 22, 11.
Am. 2, 7. 1 Co.
5,1. Ch.20, 17.
2Sa. 13, 12. Eze.
22, 11.

p (This Uttopro-
hiliils the mar-
riftgf of the
ilnughirr of thf.
/■illirr's vife, if
shr \rrrr hrfiglit
up in the father K
family as a child
of his own. IIor»-
ley.)

14i>

LE. 18,13.1
19, 34. 1

(7Ch.2n,l!).C-I'«-
rnm the fntliKi- nf
Mosex and Ad 11)11
married his fn-
ther's sister. Ex.
6,20.)

r ( One mason for
Ifwse jinihihitiiiiis
is obvious, viz.,
that the duties
owing hi) nature
to relatives might
not be confoumhil
irith those of a
social or political
kind.)

i Ch. 20, 20.

/„• (Judah) know
(Taniar) again
no more. Go.
.T8, 2(). t'h. 2(1,
12. Kzc. 22, 11.

/ (During his life-
time. See I)e.
25, 5.)

V Or, one toije to
onoiABr, Ex. 26,3.
(That is, a wife
in opposition to
her sister. See.
the same form of
expression, Ex.
2.5, 30; 26, 3; ami
37, 10.)

il> (It is evident
that the husband
could not vex his
wife by mnrryiiKj
her sister after
her own deceMse.)

Y (Tliat is, whilst
she is alive. A
man mng there-
fore, aernrding to
the la 10 (f Moses,
mnrrg his de-
censed uiift's sis-
ter, but, as is re-
marked by Abar-
hnnel, he may not
mnrrij his divorc-
ed wife's sister.
It may he infer-
red from De. 25,
5, tlud seeing
when a woman
lost her hushund
in consetftr.f'7n'e of
ilr„thj,.rd.e,„s-
fd hi,sl„i„d's hro-
Iher, if unmar-
ried, was obligeil
to mirry his de-
ceased brother s
wife, a woman in
this case becom-
ing the wife of
two brothers, that
a man might be-
come the hiishand
of two sisters,
after the first was
dead.)

LEVITICUS.

sister t"^ she is thy father's near kins-
woman. ^^ Thou slialt not uncover
the nakedness of thy mother's sister :
for she is tliy mother's near'' kins-
woman. ^^ Thou shalt not uncover
the nakedness of thy father's brother,
thou shalt not approach to his wife :
she is thine aunt.' ^^ Thou shalt not
uncover the nakedness of thy daugh-
ter^' in law : she is thy son's wife ;
thou shalt not uncover her nakedness,
^^ Thou shalt not uncover the naked-
ness of thy brother's' wife : it is thy
brother's nakedness. ^^ Thou shalt
not uncover the nakedness of a wo-
man and her daughter, neither shalt
thou take her son's daughter, or her
daughter's daughter, to uncover her
nakedness ; for they are her near
kinswomen: it /s wickedness. ^^ Nei-
ther shalt thou take a wife" to her
sister, to vex''' her., to uncover her
nakedness, beside the other in her
life time.^

^^Also thou shalt not approach
unto a woman to uncover her naked-
ness, as long as she is put apart for
her uncleanness.

^^ Moi'eover thou shalt not lie car-
nally with thy neighbour's wife, to
defile thyself with her.

'^^ And thou shalt not let any of thy
seed pass through thejire to Molech,'''
neither shalt thou profane the name
of thy God : I am the Lord.

^^ Thou shalt not lie with mankind,
as with womankind : it is abomina-
tion.

^^ Neither shalt thou lie with any
beast to defile thyself therewith : nei-
ther shall any woman stand before
a beast to lie down thereto : it is con-
fusion.

'•^^ Defile not ye yourselves in any
of these things : for in all these the
nations are defiled"' which I cast out
before you : '"'^and the land is defiled:
therefore I do visit" the iniquity
thereof upon it, and the land itself
vomiteth out her inhabitants.

2*^ Ye shall therefore keep My sta-
tutes and My judgments, and shall

not commit aui/ of these abomina-
tions ; neither any of your own na-
tion, nor any stranger that sojourneth
among you : -' for all these abomi-
nations have the men of the land
done, Avhich icere before you, and the
land is defiled ;) ''^^that the land spue
not you out also, when ye defile it,
as it spued" out the nations that loere
before you. '^'-^ For whosoever shall
commit any of these abominations,
even the souls that commit them shall
be cut oft" from among their people.
^^ Therefore shall ye keep INIine ordi-
nance, that ye commit'^ not any one
of these abominable customs, which
were committed before you, and that
ye defile not yourselves therein : I
am the Lokd your God."

A repetition of sundry laws.

XIX.]

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '-^ " Speak unto all the
congregation of the children of Israel,
and sa}^ unto them. Ye shall be holy :
for I the Lord your God am holy.

^Ye shall fear every man his mo-
ther, and his father, and keep My
sabbaths : I am the Lord your God.

■^Turn ye not unto idols," nor make
to yourselves molten gods : I am the
Lord your God.

^ And if ye oft'er a sacrifice of peace
ofterings unto the Lord, ye shall
offer it at your own will. ''It shall
be eaten the same day ye ofter it,
and on the morrow : and if ought
remain until the third day, it shall
be burnt in the fire. '^And if it be
eaten at all on the third day, it is
abominable ; it shall not be accepted.
'^Tlierefore every one that eateth it
sliall bear his iniquity, because he
hath profaned tlui hallowed thing of
the Lord : and that soul shall be cut
oft" from among his people.

^And when ye reap the harvest of
your land, thou shalt not wholly"
reap the corners^ of tliy field, neither
shalt thou gather the gleanings of

r A.M. 3834.
I B.C. 1607.

i/( (The national
god of the Amy
monites; the
image was a bra-
sen statue, which
was heated red
hot, and in the
ontslretiiiPilarms
of which the child
tons laid, so that
it fell down into
the filming fur-
nace hi neath. 1
Ki. 11, 7, 33.
CalliHl, Ac. 7,
43, Moloch.)

m Ch. 20, 23. Nu.
35,31. Do. 18, 12.

H Shall I notvisit
fur those tilings?
...shall nut My
soul be avenged
on such a nation
as this? Je. 5,
29.

0 A voice of wail;,
in}? is heard out
of Zion, How are
wo spoiled ! we
are greatly con-
founded, because
we have forsa-
ken the land, he-
cause nur dwell-
ings have cast
us out. Jo. 9, 19.

2' When thou art
come into the
land which the
Lord thy God
givoth thoo, thou
shalt not learn
to do after the
abominations of
those nations.
De. is, 9.

b> (The word here
tran.^lated idols,
w a word of con-
tempt, signifying
a thiiii) of nought.
Patrick'.) We
know that an
idol is nothing
in tlie world...
1 Cor. 8, 4.

a (These agricul-
tural privileges
formed the only
legal provision
for the poor in
Israel, and were
well suited for a
community or-
ganized as that
of the Hebrews.
Kitto.)

j3 (According to
the Jewish writ-
ers, a sixtieth
jtnrt, at least,
was left.)

150

A.M. 3834. 7
, B.C. 1607. i

LEVITICUS.

J L£. 18, 13.
I 19, 34.

(Hut the riijht
1 coiilil not he,
eui rii.ied with-
out the previous
jininissiiin oj tht
,r,- of the field.

I'io. nil..)

le (The lairs o/
\ .V..S .1 Jo not
■I enforce ex-
I ohserr-
, if- yrohihit
ichiih is
I. Tlicy
jd to acts <>/
u.iijuhnss, (inil
hriiithe the spirit
of thoughtful ik
drlieate human-
ity)

q Ep. 4, 25.

r Ja. 5, 12.

ji 1)0.24,14. Mftl.
3,6. Ju. 5, 4.

( (As a false ae-
cii.sir or falxe
uitiirss ; uho
used to st'iml ill
courts of judica-
ture. I'ool.)

H (Smother that
hatred hi/ ,<iullen
silence.) 2 Sa. 13,
22.

e Or, that thou
hiiir not sin for
him. Sff lio. 1,
32. IC... .'■., 2. 1
Ti. 5.22. 2 J MO.
11.

< Pr. 20, 22. Re.
12. 17. Ca. 5, 20.
V.\K 4, 31. Ja. 5,

I ("/>. signed eh iefiy,
as Is prohahU, In
shiv the J'ws
th.it Ihne must
he no foreii/n ad-
mixture in the
service they reu-
di-reil to God.
'J'hr.^ie prohihl-
tiuus irould cer-
taiiih/ t.iirh II,. m
thi!! iiiijii rliiiit
truth.)

K ( These th ree pre-
cepts enjoin sim-
pti'it'/ of nian-
n, rs and dealing.
De. 22, 9, 10.)

A Or, ahtised by
any. Hi'li., re-
priiarhrd by, or
fur man.

II Or, they. Ilel).,
there shall be. n
scouryiiiij.

tliy Iiarvest. ^"And lliou shalt not
j^k'jiii thy viiu'vanl, ni'itlior shalt
thou gatlicr ov/y/ {j^rape of thy viiio-
yaril ; thou slialt U'uvc* thciu for tho
poor'" and stranger : 1 atn the I^okd
your (Jod.

^* Ye shall not steal, neither deal
falsely, neither lie// one to another.

^■-And yc shall not swear"" by My
name falsely, ncitlier slialt thou pro-
fane the name of thy (jiod : I am the

IjORD.

^^ Thou shalt not defraud' thy
neic^hbour, neither rob libn : the
wayes of him that is hired shall not
abiile with tliec all night until the
morning-.

^^Thou shalt not curse the deaf,
nor put a stumbling-block before the
blind, but shalt fear thy God: I am
the Loud.

^^Ye shall do no unrighteousness
in judgment : thou shalt not respect
the person of the poor, nor honour
the person of the mighty : hut in
righteousness shalt thou judge thy
neighbour.

^''Thou shalt not go up and down
as a talebearer among thy peo])lc :
neither shalt thou staiuK against the
l)lood of thy neighbour : 1 am the
L(ii;i).

^"^'i'liou shalt not hate'' thy brother
in thine heart : thou shalt in any
wise rebuke thy neighbour, and not
suffer^ sin ui)on him.

^'^Thou shalt not avenge,' nor bear
any grudge against the children of
thy people, but tliou shalt love thy
neighbour as thyself: I am the LoKU.

I'-'Ye shall keep My statutes.

Thou shalt not let thy cattle gen-
der with a diverse' kind :

Thou shalt not sow thy field with
mingled seed :" neither shall a gar-
ment mingled of linen and woollen
come upon thee.

^^ And whosoever lieth carnally
with a woman, that is a bondmaid,
betrothed'^ to an husband, and not at
all redeemed, nor freedom given \wy ;
she*^ shall be scourged ; tliev shall

not be put to death, because she was
not free. ''^'And he shall bring his
tres])ass offering unto the Loud, unto
the door of the tabiTuacle of the con-
gregation, even a ram tor a trespass
((tiering. '-"And tlie priest shall make
an atonement for him witli the ram
of the trespass offering before the
LoKi) for his sin which he hath done :
and the sin which he hath done .shall
be forgiven him.

''^^And when ye shall come into
the land, and shall have planted'' all
manner of trees for food, tlien ye
sliall count the fruit thereof as uncir-
cumcised : three years shall it be as
uncircunicised unto you : it shall not
be eaten of. -^ l>ut in the fourth year
all the fruit thereof shall be holyf to
j)raise the Loud icitlial. '^And in
the fifth year shall ye eat of the fruit
thereof, that it may yield unto you
the increase thereof: 1 am the Loki>
your (iod.

2*' Ye shall not eat ani/ thing with
the blood :° neither shall ye use en-
chantment, nor observe times,

'^'^Ye shall not round the coraers''
ctf your heads, neither shalt tliou
mar the corners of thv beard.

-'^Ye shall not make any cuttingsP
in your flesh for the dead, nor print
any marks upon you : 1 am the
Loiii).

'^•^ Do not prostitute'' thy daughter,
to cause her to be a whore ; lest the
land fall to whoredom, and the land
become full of wickedness.

^"Yc shall keep My sabbath.s, and
reverence" My sanctuary : 1 am the
Louo.

^^ IJegard'' not them that have
familiar" spirits, neitlier seek after
wizards,'''' to be defiled by them : 1
am the Lokd your CJod.

•"'' Thou shalt rise up before the
hoary head, and lionour the face of
the old man, and fear thy Clod : J
am the Loud.

*'And if a stranger sojourn with
thee in your land, ye shall not vex>:
him. **/>«/ the stranger""' that dwell-

V (This has refer-
ence to trees,
trhirh the He-
hreirs thnnselves
shoultl plant.

" The eroniimical
nhjert of Ih is
hiw," says Mi-
cluielis, " is very
striking. Every
garilemr tiiU
teach us not to let
fruit-trees bear
in their earliest
yejirs")

( lU-b., holineu of
praises to the
lAinl. De. 12, 17.
I'r. 3, 9. That

is, it was as first-
fruits one of the
dues of the
priisls.

o (IHdii.p ratriek
thinks that this is
n priihihitian
against seeking
to luive commu-
nion with de-
mons.) Dc. 18,10.
lSa.15,2.3. 2Ki.
17, 17, and 21, fi.
2ehr.33,6.Mal.
3,5.

JT (As did the idaj-
atrous nations of
P.ihstine. .If. 9,
20, mar., & 48, 37.
This custom is
found in con-
nexion irith many
('anaanitish
tribes represented
on Ihetnniiutntnls
of Egypt. Oa-
burii.)

p (Ve shall do no
violence to your
pi rson.^, nor yet
fantastiailly or-
nani'nt th-m as
the superstitions
heathen artmtul
you.)

<j llch., profane.

«i:c. 6, 1.

T (An opinion of
spirits good and
evil, of their ope-
rations, (t of the
avocations of the
drail, implied a ge-
neral jterstiasion
that the soul .ti/r-
fiiv</ the body.
Jortin.)

V Cli.20, fi. De.
IS, 11. 1 Sa. 2a
7. 2 Ki. 21, 6. 1
Clir. Ill, i;J. 2
(•lir..'W, i>. Is. 8,
in, aii.l 19, .3. and
2'.», 4. Ac. 10, 16.

<{> C'h. 20, C, 27.
Do. 18, II.

X Or, oppress.

V Vc. 10, 19.

lol

LE. 19, 35. 1

21, 12. i"

LEVITICUS.

rA.M. 3834.
I B.C. 1607.

V A false ba-
lance is alKiiui-
natiim to tlie
Lord. Vr. 11,1, &
IG, 11, & 20, 10.

s Heb., stones.
Divers weights
and divers mea-
sures, both of
them are alike
abomination to
the Lord. I'r. 20,

10, & 11, 1, & 16,

11. De.25, 13.

X Ch. 18, 4. De.
4, ,5, and 5, l,and
6,25.

i|( (T!rlter, "SVho-

soever of the

children of Is-
rael, &c...giveth
...of his seed to
Molech.) Ch. 18,
21. ])e. 12, .31.
2Ki.l7,17,&23,
10. 2 Chr. 33, 6.
Je.7, 31, .■ind32,
35. Kze. 20, 26.

o) ( The.IIebraism is
retained here, hut
«o<o<2Sa.20,6.)

a (TTiis chapter
denounces the pe-
nalties which the
infraction of the
laws cuhtnined in
the previous
chapters will call
down. It has
been remarked
that there is a
ijreat propriety
ill the order here
ii,/n/,i,,l, viz., the
prii/iiliilion of
curtain acts in the
frst instance, and
then, when there
liad been a little
time to reflect on
their nature anil
criminality, the
specification of
the punishments
which mere to
follow upon their
commission.)

P (Necromancers,
who profess to
call forth the
dead, to learn
from them future
events. They are
by no means vn-
comvion to th is
day in the East.
Perhaps in some
cases ventrilo-
(/uism was doubt-
less employed to
ca rry out the im-
posture.)

otb "witli yoix shall be unto you as
one born among- j'ou, and tliou sbalt
love biin as thyself; for jq "were
strangers in the land of Egypt : I
am the Loud youi* God.

^■^Ye shall do no unrighteousness"'
in judgment, in meteyard, in weight,
or in measure. ^^ Just balances, just
weights,^ a just ephah, and a just bin,
shall ye have : 1 am the Lord your
God, which brought you out of the
land of Egypt. ^^ Therefore shall
ye observe-^ all My statutes, and all
My judgments, and do them : I am
the LoKD."

_/*^_\__ I Of various unnatural practices.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Again, thou sbalt
say to the children of Israel, Who-
soever''' he be of the children of Israel,
or of the strangers that sojom-n in
Israel, that giveth ani/ of his seed
unto Molech ; be shall surely be put
to death : the people of the land shall
stone him with stones, ^And I will
set My face against that man, and
will cut him off fi'om among his peo-
ple ; because he hath given of his
seed unto Molech, to defile My sanc-
tuary, and to profane My holy name.
■^ And if the people of the land do
any ways bid(;'^ their eyes from the
man, when he giveth of his seed unto
^lolcch, and kill him not : ^then I
will sef* My face against that man,
and against his family, and will cut
him ofi", and all that go a whoring
after him, to commit whoredom with
Molech, from among their people.

^And the soul that turneth after
such as have familiar^ spirits, and
after wizards, to go a whoring after
them, I willeven set My face against
that soul, and will cut biin oft' from
among bis people.

^ Sanctify yourselves therefore, and
be ye holy : for I am the Lord your
God, ^And ye shall keep ]\Iy sta-
tutes, and do them : I am the Lord
which sanctify you.

^For every one that curseth^ his
father or bis mother shall be surely
put to death : he bath cursed his
father or his mother ; his blood shall
be upon him.

^•^And the man that committeth^
adultery with anotlicr man's wife,
even he that cominitteth adultery
with bis neighliour's wife, the adul-
terer and the adulteress shall surely
be put to death.

^^ And the man that lieth with his
father's wife hath uncovered his fa-
ther's nakedness : both of them shall
surely be put to death ; their blood
shall be upon them.

^^ And if a man lie with his daugh-
ter in law, both of them shall surely
be put to death : they liave wrought
confusion ; their blood shall be upon
them,

^^If a man also lie'' with mankind,
as he lieth with a woman, both of
them have committed an abomina-
tion : they shall surely be put to
death ; their blood sliall be upon
them.

^*And if a man take a Avlfe and
her mothei*, it is wickedness : they
shall be burnt with fire, both he and
they ; that there be no wickedness
among you.

^^And if a man lie Avith a beast,v
he shall surely be put to death : and
ye shall slay the beast.

^^'And if a woman approach unto
any beast, and lie down thereto, thou
sbalt kill the woman, and the beast :
they sliall surely be put to death ;
their blood^ sliall be upon them.

^^Aud if a man shall take his
sister, his father's daughter, or bis
mother's daughter, and see her naked-
ness, and she see bis nakedness : it
is a wicked thing ; and they sliall be
cut oft' in the sight of their people :
be hath uncovered his sister's naked-
ness ; he sliall bear his iniquity.

^^And if a man shall lie with a
woman having her sickness, and shall
micover her nakedness ; he hath dis-
covered^ her fountain, and she hath

y Whoso curseth
his father or his
mother, his lamp
shall be put out
ill obscure dark-
ness. I'r. 20, 20.
Kx. 21, 17. De.
27, 16. Mat. 15,
4.

z They shall

both of them die,
(both) tlie man
and the wo-
man De. 22,

22. Ch. IS, 20.
Jno. 8, 4, 5.

a Ch. 18, 22. De.
23, 17. See Cie.
19,5. Ju.l9, 22.

•y (}Ve should see
the propriety of
these .strangepro-
hibilions if we
had ampler histo-
ric records of the
customs of anti-
quity. Tliemorals
ei-ei'ioftheOreel-s
d: llomans were
very loir, <£■ those
of th'- Kyiiptians
and I'hatnicians
lower still. Man,
left to liimself, is
capable of becom-
ing what these
laws indicate.)

6 (The sanction
given to some of
the good instincts,
which are on the
side of delicacy
and purity, by an
articulate revela-
tion, givesmeaug-
metitidconfiibnce
in the guidance
of other hislui.ls
or uHiiii'iii- /'-'■''-
ings, Ihougit nut
so saiiclhined.
Chalmers.)

€ Ileb., viade

nalctd.

152

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

LEVITICUS.

f LE. 19, 35.
■( 21, 12.

f IIol)., a teptirn-
tto/i.

f (The children
thall not bf. reik-
onedas his.)

t Sec cli. 18, 25,
28. (From thi.i
toe Uitni, that the
cup of the iiiiqiii-
tien of the Cn-
niuinitish iintioii.i
tca.i/uU: it that,
consistently with
Divine justice,
they could Ite no
lonr/er spared.
Cliirke.)

6 ...For the wick-
edness of tliese
nations, the
L<iui> thy God
doth drive tliem

1 out from before
thee.. .Ue. 9,5.

,e The Lonn

thy God hatli
chivsen thee to
b«> n siiecial peo-
ple unto Him-
self, above all
people that are
upon the face of
the earth. De.
7, 6.

t (Th'.ie tcnrds,
" I rim the I^trd,"
'itiil-e the
I niithoritn-
smicjitm of
til' trhole of the
Mosaic lows, im-
plying that they
rfpect a mntl-r
oj' the utmost im-
portance. Itush.)

K Or, nvnth.

\ (Thi.i is of In,
rei'-ated. Ve. 7.
(■h.l9, 2; 21,8.)
.\s lie which
Imth called you
is holy, so he ye
holy in all man-
ner of convei-sa-
tion. 1 I'c. 1, 16.

d Our Saviour
Jesus Christ ...
pave Himself
for us, that lie
mi;;ht redeem us
from all inirpii-
ty, and purify
unto Himself a
peculiar people,
zealous of (^ood
works. Tit. 2, 14.
Ue. II, 2.

e Ex. 22, 1«. Ch.
li>, 31. 1)0. 18,
10. 1 Sa. 28, 7, 8.
Ac. 10, lU.

uncovered tlie fountain of lier blood ;
and botli of them Hhall be cut ott'
from among their people.

'"And thou shalt not uncover the
nakedness of thy mother's sister, nor
of thy fi\ther's sister : for he uncover-
eth iiis near kin : they shall bear
their iniquity.

'•^And if a man shall lie with his
uncle's wife, he hath uncovered his
uncle's nakedness : they shall bear
their sin ; they sh.all die childless.

2' And if a man shall take his In-o-
ther's wife, his an unclean^ tliiiii;-: he
hath uncovered his brother's naked-
ness ; they shall be childless.''

2'^ Ye shall therefore keep all My
st<atutes, and all My judgments, and
do them : that the land, whither 1
bi-ing- you to dwell therein,^ spue you
not out. '''^And ye shall not walk
in the manners of the nation, which
I cast out before you : for they com-
mitted* all these things, and therefore
I abhoiTed them. ^* I Jut 1 have said
unto you, Ye*^ shall inherit their
land, and I will giv(^ it unto you to
possess it, a land that floweth with
milk and honey : I am'- the Loud
your God, which have separated you
from other people.

^Ye shall therefore put ditl'erence
between clean beasts and unclean,
and between unclean fowls and clean:
and yc shall not make your souls
abominable by beast, or by fowl, or
by any manner of living thing that
creepeth* on the ground, which I
have separated from you as unclean.
-''And ye shall be holy^ unto Me:
for 1 the Loiu) am holy, and have
severed'' you fi-cmi other people, that
ye should be Mine.

'^ A man .also or woman that hath
a familiar' spirit, or that is a wizard,
shall surely be put to death : they
shall stone them with stones : their
blood shall be upon them."

XXL]

Laios respecting thepriests, social
and personal.

AND the Lord said unto Moses,
"Speak unto the priests th(^ sons
of .\aron, and say unto them, There
shall none be defiled for the dead
among his people : ^ but for his kin,
that is near unto him, that is, for his
mother, and for his father, and for
his son, and for his daughter, and
for his brother, ^and for his sister a
virgin, that is nigh unto him, which
hath had no husband; for her may
he be defiled.

'^But he'^ shall not defile himself,
being a chief man among his people,
to profane himself.

^ They shall not make baldness/
upon their head, neither shall they
shave ofi' the corner of their beard,
nor make any cuttings in their flesh.
''They shall be holy unto their fJod,
and not profane the name of their
Clod: for the offerings of the Lokh
made by fire, and the bread'' of their
(iod, they do oft'er : therefore they
shall be holy.

'' They shall not take a wife that is
a whore,f or profane ; neither shall
they take a woman put away from
her husband : for he is holy unto
his God.

*^Thou slialt sanctify him there-
fore ; for lie offcreth the bread of
thy (lod : he shall be, holy unto thee :
for 1 the LoKi), which sanctify you,
am holy.

■'And the daughter of any pnest,
if she jn-ofane hersi-lf by playing the
whore, she profancth her father : she
shall be burnt with fire.-'

I'^Vnd he that is the high priest
among his brethren, upon whose head
the anointing oil was poured, and
that is consecrated to put on the gar-
ments, shall not uncover his head,
nor rend his clothes ;* " neither shall
he go in to any dead body, nor
defile himself for his father, or for
his mother ; ^'^ neither shall he go
out of the sanctuary, nor profane the
sanctuarv of his God ; for the crown

li Or, being an
huslxind anumy
h is people, he
shall not difiU
liimself, for hi.i
wij'e, &c. See
Eze. 24, 10.
(Bishop I'alricli
sees no ground
for the vuirginal
translation. Ami
so l^iol, " not for
any other person

wiui tsoever no,

not for a prince
or chief ruler.")

f Neither shall
they shave their
heads, nor suffer
their locks to
grow lontc: they
shall only poll
their heads.
Eze. 44, 20.

V (The altar was
liis table, <{; what
was burnt thereon
was in the nature
of His provision,
wh ich in Scrip-
ture language is
comprehended
under the name
of bread.)

( (A woman, who
is an harliit, or
h"th Ifn disho-
noureil, or divorc-
ed fnnn her huS'
Ixiiul, they must
not marry,
Geddcs.)

g .Tudah said,

" Wuw'A her (Ta-

niav) forth, and

let her tx- hunit.

(Jo. as, 24.

h This is the law,
when a man
diith in a tent :
all that come
into the tent...
shall Ix' unclean
seven days. Nu.
lit, 14. ( On the
drath of Xadab

ami Ahihu)

Moses said unto
Aaron and. ..his
son.s, " I'ncover
not your heads,
neither ri-nd
your clothes,

iest vp din."

Ch. 10, C.

153

LE. 21, 13. )

23,8. ;

LEVITICUS.

f A.M. 3834.
"I B.C. 1607.

Neither shall
they take for
their wives n
widow, nor lier
thatis put away:
but tliey shaU
tilce maidens...
or a widc.u- that
had a priest Ije-
fure. Eze. 44, 2'J.

o Or, f„o,l. Ch
3, 11.

TT Or, too sle.yuJer.
(Who, besiiku
thnl. hr looked
desjncahlc, was
not able to rtuih
up to the altar.)

p (One of these
vwrds signifies a
dry scurf or scab,
the other a puru-
lent. Uarrett.)

(rDe.23,1. (//««/)
a rupture,ns some
ixpound it.
Barrett.)

T (The tv)o parts
of the sniicluar;/:
the court lohere
the altar of bund
offer inij stood,
v)hich was a hob/
place, and that
which was pro-
perly called the
sanctuary, where-
in the altar of
incense was.
Patrick.)

i< (TcU Aaron and
his sons on vthnt
occasions they arc
to keep themselves
at adistancefroni
the holy thinys of
the children of
Israel, lest they
profane, d:c.
(rcddes.)

of the anointing oil of his God is
upon him : I am the Lord.

^"^And he shall take a wife in her
virginity. ^'^A widow, or a divorced
woman, or profane, or an liarlot,
these shall he not take : but he shall
talvc a virgin* of his own people to
wife. ^^ Neither shall he profane his
seed among his people : for I the
Loud do sauctif}^ you."

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^'' " Speak unto Aaron, sa}'-
ing. Whosoever he be of thy seed in
their generations that hath aui/ ble-
mish, let him not approach to ofiter
the bread" of his God. ^^Tor what-
soever man he be that hath a blemish,
he shall not approach : a blind man,
or a lame, or he that hath a flat nose,
or any thing supei-fluous, ^'^or a man
tliat is brokenfooted, or brokenhanded,
-•^or crookbackt, or a dwarf, '^ or that
hath a blemish in his eye, or be
scurvy,P or scabbed,P or hath"^ his
stones broken ; ^^ no man that hath a
blemish of tlie seed of Aaron the
priest shall come nigh to offer the
offerings of the Lord made by fire :
he hath a blemish ; he shall not come
nigh to offer the bread of his God.
^^He shall eat the bread of his God,
both of the most holy, and of the
holy. ^^ Only he shall not go in
unto the vail, nor come nigh unto
the altar, because he hath a blemish ;
that he profane not My sanctuaries -J
for 1 the Lord do sanctify them."

2^ And Closes told it unto Aaron,
and to his sons, and unto all the
children of Israel.

XXIL]

Laws respecting the priests. The
sucrifces.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Speak" unto Aaron
and to his sons, that they separate
themselves from the holy things of
the children of Israel, and that they
profane not J\ly holy name in those
things which they hallow unto Me :
I am the Lord. — '^Say unto them,

Whosoever he be of all your seed
among your generations, that goeth
unto the holy things, which the chil-
dren of Israel hallow unto the Lord,
having his uncleanness upon him,
that soul shall be cut oft' from My
presence : I am the Lord,

^ What man soever of the seed of
Aaron is a leper, or hath a running'^
issue ; he sliall not eat of the holy
things, until he be clean. And whoso
toucheth* any thing that is unclean
bi/ the dead, or a man wliose seed
goeth from him ; ^or whosoever touch-
eth any creeping thing, whereby he
may be made unclean, or a man of
whom he may take iincleanness, what-
soever uncleanness he hath ; ^ the
soul which hath touched any such
shall be unclean until even, and shall
not eat of the holy things, unless he
wash* his flesh with water, '^And
when the sun is down, he shall be
clean, and sliall afterward eat of the
holy things ; because it is his food.

^That which dieth of itself,^ or is
torn with beasts,^ he shall not eat to
defile himself therewith : I am the
Lord.

'^They shall therefore keep Mine
ordinance, lest they bear sin for it,
and die therefore, if they profane it :
I the Lord do sanctify them,

^*^ There shall no stranger"* eat of
the holy thing : a sojourner of the
priest, or an hired servant, shall not
eat of the holy thing.

^^ But if tlie priest buy ani/ soul
with his money, "^ he sliall eat of it,
and he that is born in his house ; they
shall eat of his meat,

^- If the priest's daughter also be
married unto a stranger,'^ she may
not eat of an offering of the holy
things, i^Iiut if the priest's daugh-
ter be a widow, or divorced, and have
no child, and is returned unto her
father's house, as in her youth, she
shall eat of her father's meat :" but
there shall no stranger eat thereof,

^^ And if a man eat of the holy thing
unwittingly, then he shall put the fifth

(p Heb., running
of tlie reins.

i He that touch-
cth the dead
Ixidy of any
man, shall be
unclean seven
days. Nu. 19,11.

k Ijet us draw
near witli a true
heart, in full as-
surance of faith,
having our
hearts sprinkled
from an evil
conscience, and
our bodies wash-
ed with pure
water. Uc. 10,
22.

X (The obvious
propriety of this
interdiction, hath
recommc ndid it
to the adoption of
all civilised na-
tions. Pic. Bib.)

l Neither shall ye
eat any flesh
that is torn of
beasts in the
tield ; yc shall
cast it to the
dogs. Ex. 22, 31.

7)j The priest gave
(David) hallow-
ed bread : for
there was no
liread there but
tlie sliewbread,
that was taken
from before the
LoKD, to put hot
bread in the day
when it was tak-
en away. 1 Sa.
21, G.

i/( Ileb., with the
purchase of his
money.

(li Heb., a man a
slranyer.

n ...Thee, and to
tliy sons, and to
thy daughters

with thee

everyone that is
clean in tliy
house shall eat
of it. Nu. 18, 11.

154

A.M. 3834. >

B.C. 1007. r

LEVITICUS.

f LE. 21, 13.
( 23, 8.

I ( tr, ImlK" them-
j seive:) uilh thf
in "/'••'!/ "/ Irm-
pass in thrir cat-

..The precious
blooii of Christ,
of ft lamb
without blemish
& without sjKit.

1 1'c. 1, ly.

p Ch. .% 1.

q Wheii thou
Bhalt voH-...thoM
Bhalt not slack
to pay ; for the
Loud thy God
will Rurt'ly n>-
quirp it of thop;
and it wouhl be
gill in thee. De.
23,21.

fi Or, ffonls.

r If ye offer tlic
blind for sacri-
ficp, is it not
c\il ? and if yp
offer the lame &
the sick, is it not
evil? offer it now
unto thy f;over-
nor; will he be
pleased with
thee, or accept
thy jx-rson?
saith the Lolto
of hosts. Mai. 1,

y Or, kid.

part tlior(H)f unto it, and sliall pfivc it
unto tlu> prii'st with the holy thing.
^•'Aiul they shall not profane tlu;
holy thiiifj^s of the children of Israel,
which they ot^er unto the Lord; ^"or
suffer them to bear" the iniquity of
trespas.s, when they eat their holy
thinp:s : for 1 the Loitn do sanctify
them."

^'^ And the Loud spake unto Moses,
saying, ^^ " Speak imto Aaron, and
to his sons, and imto all the children
of Israel, and say unto them, What-
soever lie be of the house of Israel,
or of the strangers in Israel, that will
otier his oblation for all his vows, and
for all his freewill offerings, which
they will ol^er Tinto the Lord for a
burnt offering; ^'* i/e shall offer at
your own will a male without ble-
mish, of the beeves, of the sheep,
or of the goats.

^ But whatsoever hath a blemish,"
that shall ye not offer : for it shall
not be acceptable for you. ^^And
whosoever otf'ereth a sacrifice of peace/'
offerings unto the Lord to accomplish
his vow-,? or a freewill offering in
beeves or sheep,^ it shall be perfect
to be accepted ; there sliall be no
blemish therein. ^-IJlind,'' or broken,
or maimed, or having a wen, or
scurvy, or scabbed, ye shall not offer
these unto the Lord, nor make an
offering by fire of them upon the altar
unto the Lord. 23 j^Jtlicr a bullock
or a lamb'*' that hath any thing super-
fluous or lacking in his parts, that
mayest thou offer yj^r a freewill offer-
ing ; but for a vow it shall not be
accepted. "^^ 'i'e shall not offer unto
the Lord that which is bruised, or
crushed, or broken, or cut ; neither
shall ye make aivj offering thereof in
your land.

2-' Neither from a stranger's hand
shall ye offer the bread of your God
of any of these ; because their cor-
ruption is in them, and blemishes be
in them : they shall not be accepted
for you."

^'And the Lituu sjiake unto Moses,
saying, '^^ " When a bullock, or a
sheep, or a goat, is brought forth,
then it shall be seven* days under
the dam ; and from the eighth day
and thenceforth it shall be accepted
for an offering made by fire unto the
Loud. 2s^\,jJ whether it be cow or
ewe,* ye shall not kill it and her
young both in one day.

^'And when ye Avill offer' a sacri-
fice of thanksgiving unto the Lord,
offer it at your own will. ^ On the
same day it shall l)e eaten up ; ye
shall leave none' of it until the mor-
row : I am the Lord.

^^ Therefore shall yc keep My com-
mandments, and do" them : I am the
Lord.

•"■'^Neither shall ye profane ^fy
holy name ; but I will be hallowed
among the children^ of Israel : I am
the Lord which hallow you, ^ that
brought you out of the land of Egypt,
to be voiu" God: I a)n the Lord."^

XXIIL]

0/ the saered festivals.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ''^" Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, and say unto them,
Coneerning the feasts of the Lhri),
which yc shall proclaim to be holy
convocations, even these are My feasts.
^ Six days shall work be done : but
the seventh day is the sabbath of
rest, an holy convocation ; ye shall
do no work therein : it is the sabbath
of the Lord in all your dwellings.

■* These are the feasts of the Lord,
even holy convocations, which ye
shall proclaim in their seasons. ^ In
the fourteenth clai/ of the first month
at even is the Lord'.s passover.''
''' And on the fifteenth day of the
same month is the feast of unleavened
bread unto the Lord : seven days ye
must eat imleavened bread. 'In the
first day ye shall have an holy con-
vocation : ye shall do no servile''
work therein. '^ Hut ve shall offer

4 (A aimilnr vgu-
i'ttlnn jtrriHtifrti
innimij tlm Jttr-
mnti.i.)

r Or, «/!<• (/rnt.
(This prrCrpt
frnis to bf cmi-
finfil to sacrijicr.i,
v/iirh \cerc to hr
devoid of all ttp-
prnrnncf of cru-
elly. The Jews
ill ijeneral uvJer-
stoofl it as inail-
rniinii miTcy.
I'ic. Rib. See
De. 2-2, 6.)

s I will offer to
Thee tlio sacri-
6ce of thanks-
K\y\\\ti, and will
call upon the
name of the
I-i>KI>. I'B. llfi,
17, and 107, 22.
Am. 4, 5.

t Ch. 7, 15.

u ...That it may
po well with
thee, and with
thv children af-
ter thee, & that
thou mayest pn>-
lon;; thy days
upon the earth.
De. 4, 10. Nu.
15, 40. Ch. 19,
37.

t (Better, the de-
scendants of, or
the people of, Is-
rael.)

f (The object
sotight in insli-
tu I itiff these feasts
was to keep ever
before the mhtda
of the I.frarlUes
the faithfulness
of God to His
promises, as
shewn in their
past history ; and
to cheer tliem with
the hi'pe of the
future inherit-
nnc. But the
earthly jiosses-
sii-n is always
made to appear
suhirdinate to the
rnjiiymeni of the
favimr of Ootl.)

7) (The passover
was the cause, the
feast of unlea-
vened bread the
effect, of their
deliverance from
the grasp of E-
gi/pi. HuuBr.)
i.x. 12, 6, and
2.% 15. Nu. 9, 2.
De. 16, 1. Jos.
6, 10.

v Ex. 12, 16.

lo5

LE. 23, 9. )
24, 10. )

LEVITICUS.

j A.M. 3834.
( B.C. 1607.

t» Or, jMnd/iil.
lleh.,07ner. (Evi-
dfiiti-i. Christ...
the tirstfriiits of
them that sU'pt.
Who gave up lite
ijhost nhotit the
hour wlirii the
shen/was reaped,
& rose the morrniv
lift' r the. sahhitth.
1 Co. 15, 20.—
Th is sh eaf, ivh ii:h
was taken to in-
troduce the whole
harveM season,
was of harleii,
which is ready
for the sickle
sooner than the
whexit, and was
(fathered on the
fifteenth o/Nisan
(early in April),
in the evening,
lohen the first day
of Passover was
ended and the se-
ci'iid had begun.
Threr; m-n were
diputcd to gather
the barley, who,
after having as-
sured themselves
that the sun was
set, and had ob-
tained formal
leave to cut it,
reaped it ont of
three different
fields, and each
man conveyed his
portion sepa-
rately to the
court of the tem-
ple. Pic. Bib.)

10 Ye shall offer
up a cake of the
first of your
(lough for an
heave offering :
as ye do the
heave offering of
the threshing-
floor. Nu. 15, 20.

t (The feast of
weeks, or Pente-
cost. Ex. 34, 22.
Ch. 25, 8. Nu.
28, 26. De. 16, 9.
Ac. 2,1. One of
thi- three great
annual festivals
of the Jews, the
primary oliject of
which was to
thank God for
the blessings of
the season.)

K (It was also the
day of the giving
of the law, Ex.
XX., which may
be compared with
Ac. 2, 1, and 20,
16.)

X Ex. 23, 16, 19,
and 22, 29, and
34, 22, 26. Nu.
15, 17, & 28, 26.
Do. 26, 1.

an offering made by fire unto the
Lord seven days : in the seventh
day is an holy convocation : ye shall
do no servile work therein."

^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^'^ " Speak unto the children
of Israel, and say unto them, When
ye be come into the land which I
give unto you, and shall reap the
liarvest thereof, then ye shall bring
a sheaf ^ of the firstfruits"^^ of your har-
vest unto the priest: ^^and he shall
wave the sheaf before the Lord, to be
accepted for you : on the morrow after
the sabbath the priest shall wave it.
^2 And ye shall offer that day when
ye wave the sheaf an he lamb without
blemish of the first year for a burnt
offering unto the Lord. ^^And the
meat offering thereof shall he two
tenth deals of fine flour mingled Avith
oil, an offering made by fire unto the
Lord for a sweet savour : and the
drink offering i\i&veoi shall he of wine,
the fourth part of an hin. i* And ye
shall eat neither bread, nor parched
corn, nor gi-een ears, until the self-
same day that ye have brought an
offering unto yom* God : it shall he a
statute for ever throughout yom*
generations in all your dwellings.

^^ And ye shall count unto you
from the morrow after the sabbath,
fi-om the day that ye brought the
sheaf of the wave offering; seven
sabbaths shall be complete :'• ^^ even
unto the morrow after the seventh
sabbath shall ye nmnbcr fifty" days ;
and ye shall offer a new meat offering
unto the Lord.

^'' Ye shall bring out of your habi-
tations two wave loaves of t\\'o tenth
deals : they shall be of fine flour ;
they shall be baken with leaven;
they are the firstfruits^ unto the
Lord.

^^ And ye shall offer with the bread
seven lambs without blemish of tin;
first year, and one young bullock, and
two rams : they shall be fur a burnt
offering unto the Lord, with their

meat offering, and their drink offer-
ings, even an offering made by fire,
of sweet savour unto the Lord.
^^ Then ye shall sacrifice^ one kid of
the goats for a sin offering, and two
lambs of the first year for a sacrifice
of peace ofterings, ^'^ And the priest
shall wave^ them with the bread of
the firstfii-uits for a wave offering be-
fore the Lord, with the two lambs :
they shall be holy to the Lord for
the priest. ^^ And ye shall proclaunf^
on the selfsame day, that it may be
an holy convocation unto you : ye
shall do no servile work therein : it
shall he a statute for ever in all your
dwellings throughout your genera-
tions.

22 And when ye reap^ the harvest
of your land, thou shalt not make
clean riddance of the corners of thy
field when thou reapest, neither shalt
thou gather any gleaning of thy har-
vest : thou shalt leave them imto the
poor, and to the stranger : I am the
Lord your God."

23 And the Lord spake unto IMoses,
saying, ^^ " Speak unto the children
of Israel, saying. In the seventh
month, in the first day" of the month,
shall ye have a sabbath, a memorial
of blowing of trumpets,^ an holy con-
vocation. 25 Ye shall do no servile
work therein: but ye shall offer an
offering made by fire unto the Lord."

26 And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 27 "Also on the tenth day
of this seventh month there shall he
a day of atonement : it shall be an
holy convocation unto you ; and ye
shall afflict" your souls, and offer an
offering made by fire unto tlie Lord.
2^^ And ye shall do no work in that
same day : for it is a day of atone-
ment, to make an atonement for you
before the Lord yom' God. 29 \^qy
wliatsoever soul it he that shall not be
afflicted in that same day, he shall be
cut off from among his people. ^'^ And
whatsoever soul it be that doeth any

y ...To make an

atonenii^ut for
you. Ye shivU
offer them be-
side the contin-
ual burnt offer-
ing, & his meat

offering and

their drink of-
ferings. Nu. 28,
30, 31.

A {The priest
waved the offer-
ing before tlie
Lord towards the
four points of the
compass,and then
took a portion,
and threw it on
the fire of the
altar. The rest
remained hisown.
Pic. Bib.)

Ill CBetter, "Ye

shall proclaim on
the selfsame day
a holy convoca-
tion to you.")

z When thou cut-
test down thine
harvest in thy
field, and hast
forgot a sheaf in
the held, thou
shalt not go
again to fetch
it; it shall be
for the stranger,
fur tlie father-
less, and for the
widow. ...De. 24,
19.

V ( One of the new
moon days, cele-
brated with more
than ordinary so-
lemnity mi ac-
count, probably,
of its commencing
the new year.)

f (Perhaps insti-
tuted to comme-
morate the crea-
tion of the world.)

o (To afflict the
soul is to deny its
appetences, which
in jMirt was done
by abstinence
from daily work,
seeking not our
ownpleasure,and
thinking not our
own thoughts, on
that day. Chal-
mers.)

156

M. 3834. 1
■ C. 1G07. 1

LEVITICUS.

J LE. 23, 9.
( 24, 10.

(Til iigiii/y the
iiitispeiisahle
teal of rrpenl-
inc. (IS Writ tut

/' (I sacrijice.
Jlialmers.)

lU-b., vst.

(One ohjfCt of
■the. Jxt.il of Ui-
iDrii'iclen icos to
'keep ill vutiwry
tht dweUimj of
Otti Israelites in
tenia in the d/t-
sert, wh He Gotl
tlwett (inumff them
in the jnllar-
cloit'l. It WHS the
third of the three
gniil annuiil fes-
tiiiiU. It com-
menced on thejif-
Uinth of Tisri,
awl h's'ltil a
tceek.)

V ( The fast of in-
f/nthering was
held on a day im-
metiiately follow-
ing the seventh
day of the pro-
per fetxst of tn-
oernachs, irhence
the whole tiyht
days seemed to he
on' /'cast. J no.
7, 37.)

u Hi'l)., day of re-
straint.

a Kx. 23, Ifi. Nil.
12. Ve. 16,
13. F-zr. 3, 1.
No. 8, 14. Zee.
14, 16. Juo. 7, 2.

^ Ueb, fruit.

jf (The Jews un-
derstand it of the

cUron.)

\fi (Any thirk
bushy u'ooil. The
Jews con.iider it
the myrtle.)

h Olive

liranches,&pino
liranrlii'S, and
myrtle branches,
anil palm
linmchcs, and
branches ol"
thick trees, to
nukkc l>i)uths....
No. 8, 15.

u ( They liveil in
these green huts,
erected on the JUit
roofs nf their
houses, in t/teir
court yards, <t i>i
the streets tt op<n
places, (t passed
their time with
more ejtemal dt-
vionstrations of
joy than at any
other of their fe,<i-
tivals. I'lC. IJib.)

lo7

work'' in that same day, the Patue
soul will I destroy from among his
people. ^^ Ye shall do no manner of
work: it shall he a stjifute for ever
throughout your generations in all
your dwellings. *- It shall be unto you
a sabbath of rest, and yc shall afflict
your souls : in the ninth day of the
month at even, from even unto even,
shall ye celebrate your sabbath. "p

^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ** " Speak unto the children
of Israel, saying, The fifteenth day
of this seventh UKmth sliall ba the
feast of tabernacles*^ for seven days
unto the LoKi). ^^ On the first day
shall be an holy convocation : ye shall
do no servile work therein. ^^ Seven
days yc shall otl'er an oft'ering made
by fire unto the Loud : on the eighth''
day shall be an holy convocation unto
you : and ye shall offer an offering
made by fire unto the Lord : it /6' a
solemn" assembly, aiid yc shall do no
servile work therein.

^ These are the feasts'* of the
Lord, which ye shall proclaim to be
holy convocations, to offer an offering
made by fire unto the Lord, a burnt
oft'ering, and a meat oftering, a sacri-
fice, and drink ofterings, every thing
upon his day : ^ beside the sabbaths
of the Lord, and beside your gifts,
and beside all your vows, and beside
all your freewill ofterings, which ye
give unto the Lord.

^^Also in the fifteenth day of the
seventh month, when ye have ga-
thered in the fi'uit of the land, ye
shall keep a feast unto the Lord
seven days : on the first day shall be
a sabbath, and on the eighth day
shall be a sabbath. ^^ And ye shall
take you on the first day the boughs'^
of goodlyx trees, branches of palm
trees, and the boughs of thick''' trees,
and willows of the brook ;* and ye
shall rejoice before the Lord your
God seven days. ^*And ye shall
keep it a feast" unto the Lord seven
days in the year. It shall be a statute

for over in your generations: ye shall
celebrate it in the seventli month.

^^ Ye shall dwell in booths seven
days i*^ all that are Israelites born
shall dwell in booths: '•'that your
generations may know that 1 made
the children of Israel to dwell in
booths, when I brought them out of
the land of Egypt : I am the Lord
your God."

^*And ]\Ioses declared unto the chil-
dren of Israel the feasts of the Lord.

XXIV.]

Of the oil ; the shewbread;
blasphemy, itc.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Command the chil-
dren of Israel, that they bring unto
thee pure oil olive beaten for the
light, to* cause the lamps to burn
continually.^ •^Without')' the vail of
tlic testimony, in the tabernacle of
the congregation, shall Aaron order
it from the evening unto the morn-
ing before the Lord continually : it
shall be a statute for ever in your ge-
nerations. ■* lie shall order the lamps
upon the pure*^ candlestick before the
Lord continually.

^ And thou shalt take fine flour,
and bake twelve* cakes thereof: two
tenth deals shall be in one cake.
^ And thou shalt set them in two
rows, six on a row, upon the pure
table before the Lord. '''And thou
shalt put pure frankincense upon each
row, that it may be on the bread for
fi memorial, even an oftering made
by fire luito the Lord. *^ Every sab-
bath he shall set it in order before
the Lord continually, beinff taken
from the children of Israel by an
everlasting covenant. "And it shall
be Aaron's and his sons';* and they
shall eat it in the holy jdace : for it
is most holy unto liim of the ofterings
of the Lord made by fire by a per-
petuaK statute."

^"And the son of an I.sraelitish
woman, whose father was an Egyp-
tian,'' went out among the children of

e. ..Since the (InvK
<ir.l<<shnii...nnto
(the (lays of
K/.ra) hail not
the cbililren nf
Israel ilonu ho.
Ne. 8, 17.

a Ileb., to ceiu.fe
t/i ascend. Ex.
27, '20.

/3 (That is, frmn
day to diiy. Tliey
wi:re kindled
every nuiniiug at
hriakof dog,and
burned till evfu-
ing. 1 Sa. 3, 3.
Slant; think the
lumps were light-
ed every evening
and extinguished
every vioming.)

y (It was plncetl in
the holy p.laee, im
the shuth side,
that i.i, to the left
if a person en-
tering the lalier-
nacle, opposite
the table of shew-
hnwl. Ex. 26,
3o.)

d Kx. 31, 8, ami
3'J, 37.

5 (The number
twihe represent-
ed the twelve
tribes, and was
not diminished
after the defec-
tion of tt H of the
trilies from the
virnhip of God
in His sanctu-
ary, renuiining a
stuuiliny tejitimo-
niul that their
proper place was
Ix fore l/ie for-
saken altar of
Jehovah. Kittu'8
Cyc.) 1 Ki. 7,
4.S. 2 Chr. 4,
li», and 13, 11.
lie. 9, 2. Ac. 26,
7. Ja. 1, 1.

t (In a case of
tm/rgency the
pri'St incurred
no blavie, if he
imparted it to
pi rsons who were
in a slate of ce-
n miinial purity.
.s. e 1 Sa. 21, 6.
Mat. 12, 4.)

i Ve. 6, 7, and
1 Clir. 23, 29.

>j ( Hengalenl>erg
remarks, " That
the father is an
Kgyptian and the
mother an Israel-
ite, is in entire
iiirnriliince with
till ii.vimon rila-
ti iisifthrl.yi/p.

tians to the Is-
raelites")

LE. 24, 11. 1
25, 39. J

LEVITICUS.

/A.M. 3834.
( B.C. 1(507.

» CrA« circum-
stance of aggra-
vation was, that
the act of hlas-
phemi) against
Jehovah was
both a religions
d-polilicalcrime.)

I ITeb., to expound
unto them accord-
ing to the mouth
of the Lord.

3 (TTie occurrence
of such histories
as this, in the
midst of a code
of laws, seems
strongly to point
out, as a writer
well observes,
" the journal cha-
racter of the
book")

Tlie hands of
the witaesses
shall be first
upon him to put
him to death, &
afterward the
hands of all the

people De.

17,7.

/Ch.5, 1, and 20,
17. Nu.9, 13.^

: Heb., smiteth
the life of a man.

K Heb., life for
life.

./ But I say unto
you, That ye re-
sist not evil :but
whosoever shall
smite thee on thy
right cheek,
turn to him the
other also. Mat.
5,39.

/< Kx. 21, 33. Ve.

18.

Ex. 12, 49. Ch.
19, 34. Nu. 15,
IG.

k Hee ,1 no. 10,
31-33.

Israel : and tbis son of the Isx'aelitish
tooman and a man of Israel strove
together in the camp ; ^^ and the
Israelitish woman's son blasphemed
the Name of the Loiw., and cursed.^
And they brought him unto Moses :
(and his mother's name ivas 8helo-
mith, the daughter of Dibri, of the
tribe of Dan:) ^-and they put him
in ward, that' the mind of the Lord
might be shewed them.^

^^And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^* "Bring forth him that hath
cursed without the camp ; and let all
that heard Mm lay their hands* upon
his head, and let all the congregation
stone him. ^^ And thou shalt speak
unto the children of Israel, saying,
Whosoever curseth his Clod shall
bear/ his sin. ^^'And he that blas-
phemeth the name of the Lord, he
shall surely be put to death, and all
the congregation shall certainly stone
him : as well the stranger, as he that
is born in the land, when he blas-
phemeth the Name of the Lord., shall
be put to death.

^''And he that killeth'' any man
shall surely be put to death.

^^And he that killeth a beast shall
make it good ; beast^ for beast.

^^And if a man cause a blemish in
his neighbour ; as he hath done,^ so
shall it be done to him ; '^^ breach for
breach, eye for eye, tooth for tooth :
as he hath caused a blemish in a
man, bo shall it be done to him
again.

-^ And he that killeth^ a beast, he
shall restore it : and he that killeth
a man, he shall be put to death.

2^ Ye shall have one manner* of
law, as well for the stranger, as for
one of your country : for I am the
Lord your God."

2^ And Moses spake to the children
of Israel, that they sliould bring forth
him that liad cursed out of the camp,
and stone him with stones.-^ And the
children of Israel did as the Lord
commanded Moses.

XXV.]

The sabbath of the seventh year ; the
jubilee; slavery.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses
in mount Sinai,'^ saying, ^ " Speak
vmto the children of Israel, and say
unto them, When ye come into the
land which I give you, then shall the
land keep a sabbath" unto the Loud.
^ Six years thou shalt sow thy field,
and six years thou shalt prune thy
vineyard, and gather in the fruit
thereof; ^but in the seventh year
shall be a sabbath of rest unto the
land,^ a sabbath for the Lord : thou
shalt neither sow thy field, nor prune
thy vineyard. ^That which groweth^'
of its OAvn accord of thy harvest thou
shalt not reap, neither gather the
gi-apes of° thy vine undressed : for
it is a year of rest unto the land.
^ And the sabbath" of the land shall
be meat for you ; for thee, and for
thy servant, and for thy maid, and
for th}^ hired servant, and for thy
stranger that sojourneth with thee,
'^ and for thy cattle, and for the beast
that are in thy land, shall all the in-
crease thereof be meat.

^And thou shalt number seven
sabbaths of years unto thee, seven
times seven years ; and the space of
the seven sabbaths of years shall be
unto thee forty and nine years. ^ Then
shalt thou cause the trumpet/" of the
jubilee"' to sound on the tenth day of
the seventh month, in the day of
atonement shall ye make the trum-
pet sound throughout all your land.
i"And ye shall hallow'" the fiftieth
year, and proclaim liberty^ throughout
all the land unto all the inhabitants
thereof: it shall be a jubilee unto you;
and ye shall return every man unto
his possession," and ye shall retm-n
every man unto his family.*^ ^^A
jubilee shall that fiftieth year be unto
you : ye shall not sow, neitlier reap
that which groweth of itself in it,
nor gather the graj)es in it of thy vine
undressed. ^^For it is the jubilee ; it
shall be holy unto you : ye shall cat
the increase^ thereof out of the field.

fi (While still in
the same place, as
V)here the preced-
ing precepts were
given. The chil-
dren of Israel
were a whole
year here. Nu.
10, 12.)

V TIeb., rest. Ex.
23, 10. See ch.
26, 34. 2 Chr.
3(3,21. (UestfoT
the ground which
for man's sake

God had cursed.
This law was not
to take place till
forty-six years
after.)

f (The observance
of the weekly sab-
bath ivas an ac-
knorvledgment
that the Israel-
ites were His ;
the sabbatical
year, that their
land was His.)

k 2 Kl. 19, 29.

0 Ileb., of thy se-

2Hiratio7i.

— ( What grows of
itself.)

p Heb., loud of
sound. f" The
joyful sound" of
Ps. 89, 15.)

cr (The jubilee be-
gan on the frst
day of the month
Tisri, but the
real object of the
ikstitiilion was
not developed till
the tenth, which
was the great ilay
of atonement.
I'ic. Bib.)

T (Distinguish it
from all others.)

1 Is. 61. 2, and 63,
4. Je. 34, 8. Lu.

4, 10,

V (His field or
house, xuhich his
poverty had forc-
ed him to sell.)
Ve.l3. Nu.36,4.

(^ (From which he
had been estrang-
ed, by being sold
unto another.)

X (^11 P^'tcJcing
what they needed
for every day use,
but not laying it
up in barns.)

158

V.M. 3834. >
B.C. 1607. )■

LEVITICUS.

f LE. 24, 11.
\ 25, 39.

■•) 'riicy

; tifUls ami

thum bv

■ppri'ss (i>r,

iiul) u lUiin

in i liis house...

Mi. J, 2. Cli. 1!>,

1 ISa. 12, 3.

/ tUmnnding
lUcK, nor
I too Utile.)

.'• is /mm the
■ nfthhfenr
iiieti dcCf-'we
pprts.i each

■)

l'!-. 1, 33. Ch.
•-'';..-). Do. 12, 10.
!■>. 4,8.

Mat. 6, 31—33.

. P.'. 28, 8. See
1 . . 16, 29.

' l^i. 19,29.

rhe old storf
■■I serve for
'' ars besi/i'es

nil.) (J(>-
:! I and the Is-
raelites) (lid eat
of tlie (lid corn
of the land on
the morrow after
tli(! ])assovur....
Jos. 5, 11.

^(The snhlmticnl
ytnr would not
onti/ call into ex-
trcise trust in
Uiil ; it troitlil
also induce ha-
bits nf J'lrre-
tlfiijht, d; would
lend to keep up
th> hart of the
soil.)

8 Ot, he quite cut
nji: lleh., f.r
cutting off. (.S'n
as to be rut off
fri'Ui the oriyinal
pussrssora.)

y(The people tvere
to he, as it vrre
U mints, without
the right of alien-
ating in prrpc-
luil;/, the d<i:nains
tchirh thrg hid
und'r God, their
Soverrign and
proprirtor of the

soil) Dc.aL', 4:!.

1 Ki. 21. 3. 2
Chr. 7, 20. I's.
85, 1. Joel 2, lb,
and 3, 2.

15'J

'■' In the year of this jubilee ye shall
return every man unto his possession.

^' And it" thou sell ought unto thy
neighlnnir, or buyest ought of thy
neighbour's hand, ye shall not op-
press'" one another : ^-^ according to
the number of years after the jubilee
thou shalt buy of thy neighbour, and
according unto the number of years
of the fruits he shall sell unto thee :
^•^ according to the multitude of years
thou shalt increase the price thereof,
and according to the fewness of years
thou shalt diminish the ])nee of it :
for according to the number of the
//cars of the fi-uits doth he sell imto
thee. '^ Ye shall not therefore oj)-
press'^ one another ; but thou shalt
feai*' thy God: for I am the Loud
your Cod.

^''Wherefore ye .shall do ^fy sta-
tutes, and keep My judgments, and
do them ; and ye shall dwell in the
land in safety." ^'■'iVnd the land shall
yield her fruit, and ye shall eat your
till, and dwell therein in safety.

-'^ And if ye shall say, AVluit" shall
wc eat the seventh year? behold, we
shall not sow, nor gather in our in-
crease: 2^ then I will command'" My
blessing upon you in the sixth year,
and it shall bring forth fruit for three
years. ^"- And ye shall sow the eighth''
year, and eat yet of old"* fruit until
the ninth year ; until her fruits come
in ye shall eat of the old store.'^

'-^^The land shall not be sold for
ever ;^ for the land is Mine ;> for ye
are strangers and sojourners with Me.
-■*And in all the land of your posses-
sion ye shall grant a redemption for
the land.

^ If thy brother be waxen poor,
and hath sold away* some of his pos-
session, and if any of his kin come to
redeem it, then shall he redeem that
which his brother sold. -''And if
the man have none to redeem it, and
himself' be able to redeem it; ^'^then
let him count the years of the sale
thereof, and restore the overplu.s unto
the man to whom he sold it : that

he may return unto his possession.
-^ JJut if he be not able to restore it
to him, then that wliicli is sold shall
remain in the baud of iiim that hath
bought it imtil the year of jubilee:
and in the jubilee it shall go out, and
he shall return unto his possession.

"'And if a man sell a dwelling
house in a walled city, then he may
redeem it within a whole year after
it is sold ; within a full year may he
redeem it. "^"And if it be not re-
deemed within the space of a full year,
then the hou.se that is in the walled
city shall be established^ for ever to
him that bought it throughout his
generations : it shall not go out in
the jubilee. "^^ 1 Jut the houses of the
villages which have no Avail round
about them shall be counted as the
fields of the country : they may be
redeemed,'' and they shall go out in
the jubilee.

^- Notwithstanding the cities'" of the
Levites, and the houses of the cities
of their possession, may the Levites
redeem at fvny time. ^"^And if a man*
jjurchase of the Levites, then the
house that was sold, and the city of
his possession, shall go out in the
year q/" jubilee : for the houses of the
cities of the Levites are their posses-
sion among the children of Israel.
•^^IJut the field of the subui'bs of their
cities may not be sold ;* for it is their
perpetual possession.

^■'And if thy brother be waxen
poor, and fallen' in decay with thee ;
then thou shalt relieve* him : yea.,
tltinigh lie he a stranger, or a sojourner;
that he may live with thee. ^^Take
thou no usury^ of him, or increa.se :>*
but fear thy (iod; that thy brother
may live" with thee. '^^ Thou shalt
not give him thy money ujk)!! usury,
nor lend him thy victuals for in-
crease.— *^ I am the Loitu your God,
which brought you forth out of the
land of i'^gypt, to give you the land
of Canaan, and be your God.

*'And if thy brother tliat divelleth
by thee be waxen poor, and be sold

« Kii.2, 20, and .3,
2, and 4, 4. .)e.
32, 7. (l-or a
V rin of years, the
price he nrrival
bring rrgulated
arci/rding to the
distance or near-
n'.'i.'i of theJuhiUe
yar. Vc. 15.;

t Ileb., his hanti
hath atUiined <t
/' und sufficiency.
CU. 5, 7.

f (Because a house
in a city being
for Uie purposes
of triule or manu-
facture, it teas
necessary that a
purcliaser should
have some cer-
tainty of perma-
nent jwssession.)

7) Ileb., reilemp-
lion belongelh
unto it.

r The children of
Israel gnvciinto
the Levites out
of their inlierit-
anc4i, at the com-
mandment uf the
Lord.. ..cities &
their subnrbs.
.Jos. 21, 3. Nu.
35, 2.

fl Or, one of the
L'vites redeem
theiu.

s TSaniabas...

a I,(vite....of....
t'y|inis. liavin;,'
land. Ki.ld it, and
brought the nui-
ney, and laid it
at the ajMstles'
feet. Ac. 4, 37.
(Either, lamlshe-
Uingiitg to him in
his private capa-
city, or the law
had become obso-
kit.)

I Ileb., his hand
failetli. (So that
he is not able, by
his labour, to
support himself.)

K lW\i.,strrngthen.

A (/iereive nothing
for money which
thou lendest.)

fL (Xe it her for the
use of corn or
goods.)

V (For ifenmpeUed
to forsake hit
country, Ite may
renounce his re-
ligion.)

LE. 25, 40. )
26, 35. ;

LEVITICUS.

r A.M. 3834.
I B.C. 1607.

f Heb., serve thy-
self with h im
v)Uh the sei-vke,
dtc. Ve. 47. Ex.
1, 14. Je. 25, 14,
& 27, 7, & 30, 8.

o (Be treated with
kindness.)

n (He that loiight
a servant of the
court of jiidg-
nient, vjas hound
to mnintuin his
wife and family,
though they were
not servants.)

p Ileb., v;ith the
sale of a b07id-
man. (Having
been redeemed out
of the slavery of
Jigypt into a state
of liberty.)

r (As Pharaoh,
Ex. 1, 13.)

T (If they would
have slaves, they
were to he of
other nations.)

r The sons of the
stranger, that
join themselves
to the LoKD to
serve IHm, and
to h)ve the name
of tlie Ldrd, to
be Mis servants
...even them will
I bring to My
holy monntain,
and make them
joyful in My
house of prayer:
tlieir bunit of-
ferings and their
sacrifices shall
be accepted npon
Mine altar; for
Mine bouse shall
be called an
house of prayer
for all people.
Is. 56, 6, 7.

V Heb., ye shall
serve yourselves
with them.

0 (They .shall not
have the benefit of
the year of ju-
bilee.)

X ITeb., his hnwl
obtain, &c. Ve.
26.

1^ (r>r. Kitlo says,
"It viill be well
to recollect that
Moses is nnt ori-
ginating liiivs to
give a sanction to
slavery, hut is in-
terposing, under
the Divine com-
mand, toregiiliitc
for the better a
system already in
operation.)

160

unto thee; thou shalt not compel^
him to serve as a bond- servant :
^ But as an hired" servant, and., as a
sojournei', he shall be with thee, and
shall serve thee unto the year of
jubile : '*^And then shall he depart
from thee, both he and his children'^
with him, and shall return unto his
own family, and unto the possession
of his fathers shall he return. *'^ For
they are My servants, which I
brought forth out of the land of
Egypt : they shall not be sold as
bondmen.P *^Thou shalt not I'ule
over him with rigom* ;*^ but shalt fear
thy God.

^]3oth thy bondmen, and thy
bondmaids, which thou shalt have,^
shall be of the heathen that are round
about you ; of them shall ye buy
bondmen and bondmaids. ^^ More-
over of the children of strangers that
do sojourn among you, of them shall
ye buy, and of tlieir families that are
witli you, which they begat in your
land : and they shall be yom* posses-
sion. *^And ye shall take them as
an inheritance for your children after
you, to inherit them for a possession j''
the}'" shall be your bondmen for
ever -.^ but over your brethren the
cliildren of Israel, ye shall not rule
one over another with rigour,

*''And if a sojourner or stranger
wax'' rich by thee, and thy brother
that dwelleth by him wax poor, and
sell himself unto the stranger or
sojourner by thee, or to the stock of
the stranger's family : ^^ after that he
is sold he may be redeemed again ;
one of his brethren may redeem him :
*^ Either his uncle, or his uncle's son,
may redeem him, or any that is nigh
of kin unto him of his family may
redeem him ; or if he be able, he may
redeem himself. ^^And he shall
reckon with him that bought"'' him
from the year that he was sold to
liim unto the year of jubilee: and the
price of his sale shall l)e according
unto the number of years, according
to the time of an hired servant shall

it be with him. ^^ If there he yet
many years behind., according unto
them he shall give again the price of
his redemption out of the money that
he was bought for. ^'"^And if there
remain but few years unto the year
of jubilee, then he shall count with
him, and according unto his years
sliall he give him again the pi'ice of
his redemption. ^^ And as a yearly
hired servant shall he be with him :
and the other^ shall not nile with
rigour over him in thy sight. ^And
if he be not redeemed in* these years,
then he shall go out in the year of
jubilee, both he, and his children with
him. ^^ For unto Me the children of
Israel are servants ; they are My
servants whom I brought forth out of
the land of Egypt : 1 am the Lord
your God."

"V'V"\/'T 1 The blessing of obedience and the
-^*--^*- ■'■•J curse of disobedience.

" ~\7^E shall make you no idols^ nor
i graven image, neither rear you
up a standingT image, neither shall
ye set up any image^ of stone in your
land, to bow^ dovni unto it : for I am
tlie Lord your God.

^ Ye shall keep My sabbaths, and
reverence My^ sanctuary : I am the
Lord.

^ If ye walk in Mj"^ statutes, and
keep My commandments, and do
them ; ^ then I will give you rain*
in due season, and the land shall
yield her increase, and the trees of
the field shall yield their fruit, ^ And
your threshing shall reach^ unto the
vintage, and the vintage shall reach
unto the sowing time : and ye shall
eat your bread to the full, and dwell
in your land safely.' ^And I will
give peace* in the land, and ye shall
lie down, and none shall make you
afraid ; and I will rid^ evil beasts out
of tlie land, neither shall the sword
go through your land. '^And ye
shall chase'* your enemies, and they
shall fjill before you by the sword.

(0 (A resident fo-
reigner then was
in the etijoyment
of many privi-
leges, if he were
allowed to pur-
chase any native
Ilebreii) whose po-
vrty compelled
him to sell his
freedom.)

a Or, hy these
means.

j3 (The word im-
plies, empty ran j-
ties.)....Xn idol
is nothing in
the world...l Co.
8,4.

y Or, pillar (for
religious wor-
ship).

S Or, figured stone.
Heb., a stone of
picture (carved
or figured).

e (Although you
do not worship
it.)

i (By which you
will be preserved
from idolatry.)

rj (If the regard
you have to My
majesty make you
obedient to My
laws.) De. 11,
13, and 28, 1.

t Is. 30, 23. Eze.
34, 26. Joel 2,
23.

d (Scarce time to
lay up one bless-
ing before an-
other come upon
you.) Am. 9, 13.

t (For plenty
7nonhl afford lit-
tle soli^hution if
}fnu ?'■, /■'• in dan-
g,:r of los.ng it.)
Ch 25, 18. Job
11,18. Eze. 34,
25.

K (N'o seditions,
which generally
arise from pover-
ty & discontent.)

k Heb., cause to
cease.

^ (If the,
yon, th
di

'y invade
^, . j thidlhe
Visconifited.)

A.M. 3834. )

B.C. 1607. r

LEVITICUS.

LE. 25, 40.
26, 36.

fiiyht there
■ nrriiUy a
tr-.r altiughtf.r

in ihe hat-

'P it invioln-
imi mostcer-
y perj\)rv\

■<hiil! have sn
n".'.-/i left a.H to
II- lit rotmi for it

'I the new I'a
laid up.)

Will continue
I ah i/>iu. Kx.
.•:.. s, & 29, 45.
Is. 22, 19. I's.
r... 2. Kzi-. 37,
:<■. lie. 21,3.)

'. Innijfr liotc-

wn hy hur-

. ami hany-

■ lur heiutt in

■ iiess. Kx.6,

. !■. 2,20. Eze.

M.jr.)

' ^ il offers mer-

I'ore Ilepro-

lojuilijmint.

•J8, 15. La.

r. Alnl. 2, 2.)

I'edingfrom

IliptUOUS

'ft to actual

rrence. Ve.

1.:. 2 Ki. 17,15.)

1 !rl)., vpon you.

" ke you look
iiy. 1 Sa. 2,

I'.. 28, ••«. Job
: 1, s. ,),.. 5, 17,
:.■ I 12, 13. Mi.

w I's. 63, 5. I'r.
2M, 1.

)/( Vsttl indefinite-
ly, siyrti/ying a
great increase.
1 .S.I. 2, 5. Ps.
llii, 1G4. Pr.24,

It;.)

|i/( (Affording no
rniii. 11c.28,2.3.)

U) (For want of
fUoi.Hlure bring-
iiii/ f'lirlh no
frui't.)

a Or, alalladven-
lunn trith 3fe.
And sn vc. 24.

P (Will not be
obedient to the
ailnumition.i of
My prophets.)

*^Aiul five of you sliall cliasc an
hundred, and an liiuidri'd of you sliall
put ten thousand to flif^ht : and your
enemies shall fall'' before you by the
sword. " For I will have respect
unto you, and make you fruitful, and
multiply you, and establish^ ]\Iy
covenant with you. ^^And ye shall
eat old store, and bring" forth the old
because of the new. ^^And I will
sef^ My tabernacle among you : and
My sold shall not abhor you. ^'■^And
I will walk among you, and will be
your God, and ye shall be My people.
^^I om the Lord your God, which
brought you forth out of the land of
Egypt, that ye should not be their
bondmen ; and I have broken the
bands of your yoke, and made you go
upright.P

" IJut if ye will not"' hearken unto
Me, and will not do all these com-
mandments; ^^and if ye shall de-
spise'" My statutes, or if your soul
abhor My judgments, so that ye will
not do all My commandments, hut
that ye break My covenant : ^*' I also
will do this unto you ; I will even
appoint over" you terror, consuni])-
tion, and the burning ague, that sliall
consume the eyes,"^ and cause soitow
of heart :" and ye shall sow your seed
in vain, for your enemies" shall eat it.
^"And I will set My face against
you, and ye shall be slain before your
enemies : they that hate you shall
reign over you; and ye shall'" flee
when none pursucth you. *^And if
ye will not yet for all this hearken
unto Me, then I will punish you
sevenx times more for your sins.
'•* And I w ill break the ])ride of
your ])ower ; and 1 w ill make your
heaven as iron,*'' and your earth
as brass :" '^'and your strength shall
be s])<>nt in vain : for your land
shall not yield her increase, neither
shall the trees of the land yield their
fruits.

^*And if ye walk contrary" unto
Me, and will not hearken^ unto Me ;
1 will bring seven times more plagues

u])on you according to your sins. '■" I
will also send wild beasts-^ among
you, which shall rob you of your
children, and destroy your cattle, and
make you few in number ; and your
high ways shall be desolate. ^"^And
if ye will not be reformed by Me by
these things, but will walk contrary
mito Me: ^*then will I also walk
contraryv unto you, and will punish
you yet seven times for your sins.
^'^ And I will bring a sword u])on you,
that shall avenge the quaiTel* of My
covenant : and when ye are gathered
together within your cities, I will
send the pestilt>nce among you ; and
ye shall be delivered into the hand
of the enemy. '^^And when I have
broken the staff of your bread, ten
women shall bake your bread in one
oven,« and they shall deliver you
your bread again by weight : and ye
shall eat, and not be satisfied.*'

^^And if ye will not for all this
hearken unto Me, but walk contrary
unto me ; ^ then I will walk con-
trary unto you also in fvuy ; and I,
even I, will chastise^ you seven times
for your sins. ^'-'And ye shall eat
the flesh of your sons, and the flesh
of your daughters shall ye eat.'
^•^And I will destroy your high
places, and cut down your images,
and cast your carcases'! upon the
carcases of your idols, and my soul
shall abhor you. ^^And I will make
your cities" waste, and bring your
sanctuaries unto desolation, and I
will not smell the savour of your
sweet odours. ^-And I will bring
the land into desolation : and your
enemies which dwell therein shall be
astonished* at it, ■'•''And 1 will scat-
ter you among the heathen, and will
draw out a sword after you: and your
land shiill be desolate, and your cities
waste. *' Then shall the land* i"nj<^y
her .sabbath.=<, as long as it lieth deso-
late, and yeie in your enemies' land;
even then shall the land rest, and
enjoy her sabbaths. ^As long as it
lieth desolate it shall rest; because

X The Lord

Hi'iit liiiiisniiiMiiK
tlirni.wliifliKliw

Hollio of tlll'IU.

2Ki. 17,2,0. I).'.
.Ti, 24. Is. ;j.1, H.
I.a. 1,4. i;zc. .1,
17, 1111(1 14, IT,.
Zuc. 7, 14.

y ( Will malw your
pitigurs more
grievous as your
stulihorniiens
grows more ob-
stinate.)

S (The Irreaeh of
that covetutnt
7ch ich yiiu sti-
lt mnly made with
Me.)

€ (An oven was
designed to serve
a single family
only ; to hakefirr
thrvi no more
than the bread of
one iliiy. Uosi'Il-
miillcr. Owsuch
oven shoU lie suf-
ficient for ten
families.)

y Hag. 1, 6.

i (To cJia.iti.te im-
plies greater se-
verity tlmn is >x-
presse^ by smit-
ing or punish-
vu-nt.)

: ...Tho hands of
tlio [jitifiil »•(>-
lurn have f,"i\-
diMi thi'ir own
children : tin y
were their meat
in the destnic-
tinn of the
daiij,'liter "f Mj-
jieiiple. La. 4,
10. 1)0. 28, 53.
2Ki.6, 29. Kzc-.
5, 10.

jj (Iij-pressive qf
the utmost con-
tempt. 2 Ki. 23,
2(.). )

a Nc. 2, 3. Jo. 4,
7. Ezc. 6, G.

h 1 Ki. 9, 8. (In

c/}n.'!equenreofthe
depopulation.)

9 (If these loirs
were negl'Ct'dfor
four humlredand
ninety yenrs, the
seventy yiars of
captivity will ex-
actly allow time
for the complf-
tinn of the rest.
The Jeics were
carried away
aiptive towards
thf. crmclusion of
the aabbaticnl
year. Gray's
Key, p. 109.)

161

LE. 26, 36. 1
27, 34. ]■

LEVITICUS.

fA.M. 3834.
1 B.C. 1607.

t (Importing that

the bulk of the
pfoptti should he
tUstroi/ed.)

K lleb., (Irivvn.

c ...Every hoart
shall meU,& all
bands shall bf
I'eebic, & every
spirit shall Caiut,
&all kiiet'S shall
be weak as wa-
ter...Eze. 21, 7.

\ (An the MUlhin-
ites hfforc. Gi-
deon. Ju. 7, 22.
1 Sa. 14, 15. Is.
10, 4.)

d Jos.

2, 14.

12. Ju.

/x (The tf.n tribes,
with few excep-
tions, never re-
turned to their
oivn Itind.)

V ( With sad re-
flwtions upon the
miseries with
which their siyis,
and the sins of
their fathers, had
overwhelmed
them. Je. 3, 25.
Eze. 4, 17, & 20,
4.S,&24,2.'5,&33,
10, & 36, 31. llo.
r,, 10.)

f (Be sensible that
the miseries t/iti/
have endured are
the just punish-
ment of their
sins.)

o (Achnmclcdge
that they do not
deserve to be de-
livered from it.)

n (Jlcpeojile it.)

p (Never more to
own them for My
people.) God
liatli not cast
away His people
which Jle fon^-
kncw. Ko. 11, 2.
l)e. 4, 21. 2 Ki.
1.3, 23.

<T (That is, for
their good and
advantage^ As
cnnevniiuK the
ClOspeK they are;
enemies.. ..but...
beloved for the
fathers' sakes.
Ito. U, 28.

162

it did not rest in your sabbaths, wlien
ye dwelt upon it.

^•^And upon them that are left'
alive of you I will send a faintness
into their hearts in the lands of their
enemies ; and the sound of a shaken*
leaf shall chase them ; and they shall
flee, as fleeing from a sword ;" and
they shall Ml when none pursueth.
^"^And they shall Ml^ one upon
another, as it were before a sword,
when none pursueth : and ye shall
have no power*^ to stand before your
enemies. ^^And ye shall perish
among the heathen, and the land of
your enemies shall eat^ you up.
*-'Aud they that ai*e left of you shall
pine" away in their iniquity in your
enemies' lands ; and also in the ini-
quities of their fathers shall they
pine away with them.

^^ If they shall confess their ini-
quity, and the iniquity of their fathers,
with their trespass which they tres-
passed against Me, and that also
they have walked contrary unto Me;
^^ and tliat^ I also have walked con-
trary unto them, and have brought
them into the land of their enemies ;
if then their uncircumcised hearts be
liumbled, and they then accept" of
the punishment of their iniquity :
^^ Then will I remember My cove-
nant with Jacob, and also My cove-
nant with Isaac, and also My cove-
nant with Abraham will I remember ;
and I will remember'^ the land.
'*^ The land also shall be left of them,
and shall enjoy their sabbaths, while
she lieth desolate without them : and
they shall accept of the punishment of
their iniquity : because, even because
they despised My judgments, and
because their soul abhorred My sta-
tutes.

^*And yet for all that, when they
be in tlic land of their enemies, I
will notP east them away, neither will
I abhor them, to destroy them utterly,
and to break My covenant \\'ith them :
for I am the Lord their God. ^^But
I will for theii*^ sakes remember the

covenant' of their ancestors, ^hom I
brouglit forth out of the land of Egypt
in the sight of the heathen, that I
might be their God: I am the Lord."

*•' These are the statutes and judg-
ments and laws, which tlie Lcikd
made between Ilim and <he children
of Israel in mount Sinai by the hand''
of Moses.

J^^VIJ,. Concerning vows.

ND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^" Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, and say unto them.
When a man shall make a singular"
vow, the persons'^ shall be for the
Lord by thy estimation. "^And tliy
estimation shall be of the male from
twenty years old even unto sixty
years old, even thy estimation shall
be fiftyx shekels of silver, after the
shekel of the sanctuary. ^Andifit
be a female, then thy estimation shall
be thirty"^ shekels. ^And if it be
from five years old even unto twenty
years old, then thy estimation shall
be of the male twenty" shekels, and
for the female ten shekels.* ^And if
it be from a month old even unto five
years old, then thy estimation shall
be of the male five^ shekels of silver,
and for the female thy estimation
shall be threes shekels of silver.
''And if it be fi'om sixty years old
and above : if it be a male, then thy
estimation shall be fifteen^ shekels,
and for the female ten* shekels.
^ But if he be poorer than thy estima-
tion, then he shall present himself
before the priest, and the priest sliall
value him ; according to his ability
that vowed shall the priest value
him.

^ And if // be a beast, whereof men
bring an oft'ering unto the Lord, all
that any man giveth of such unto the
Lord shall be holy. ^^ lie shall not
alter it, nor change it, a good for a
bad, or a bad for a good : and if he
shall at all change beast for beast.

» {To give their
posterity the land
of Catiaan.)

T (That is, hy the
ministry of Mo-
ses. f!oinparo
Hag. 1, 1, and
Mai. 1, 1.)

V (A vnio made in
circviiistances of
prciiliiir prospe-
rity or of diffi-
culty. Nu. 6, 2.
Ju. 11,30. ISa.
1, 11.)

<if (A man might

dedicate himself
or vow his child.
Samuel was not
redeemed, but the
sert'ice of the per-
sons themselces
thus devoted was
not in general
accepted, because
there, was a suffi-
cient number of
persons for the
services of the ta-
bernacle ; hut a
value 2cas set
upon them by the
priest, and that
was ojqjlied to
Iwly uses.)

X (Reckoning the
shekel at 2s. id.,
this would a-
mounl to £5 16s.
Sd. ; a very mode-
rate sum, and
which might even
he reduced if the
jierson were
poor.)

<// £3 10.t. (A wo-
man being of
much less use in
the service of tlie
sanctuary.)

to (£2 Gs. 8<l.)

a (£1 3s. 4d.)

/3 (lis. 8d.)

& (£1 156-.)
e (£1 3s. id.)

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. ]■

LEVITICUS.

J LE. 26, 36.
( 27, 34.

■•. Kitlo says,
iKihly tin iiss,

■ I, or gotite
r Iximt of
I'-n ; fur it in

'dt touiid^r-

/ wliiit cither

■ of beit.it a

tens likely

iOte.")

li., ofcordimj
/ estiiiuttioti,
(est, die,

i.i tens pro-

' I intemlfd to

• Ht rush votes

iovrtous rf-

tiOHD. Tht
.<t (iltme wtis

iiethntliirii/;

to ujhiitever
'iluotiou wuji,

A port must
I'Ud hy him
wi.sA/,'/ to re-
/ the conse-

■l thing.
- ifth' prifst
■d it ot forty

■ Is, if the
ii-r otcnerre-

'U it he was
!':il to give
/-eight.
>ike.)

r. the land of
lunntr, &c.
(.So mii'Ji laud as
fl7i homer of bar-
ley would sow,
Patrick.)

K (Dr. A. Clarke
snys, " It was not
iaicfulfor a man
to vow his whole
estate, and th us
make his family
beggars, in order
to enrich the
Lords sanctu-
ary.")

K (Twenty per
cent, beyond the
estimated market
value of the crops,
between the time
of the transaction
and the year of
Jubilee.)

(t Every tiling de-
voted in Israel
shall l)C tliiiic
(Aaron's). Nii.
18, 14. Kze. 44,
29. (Dr. Kitlo
thinks that the in-
tention of this law
teas to impose on
a nut n a sort of
moral obligation
to redeem his he-
reditary proper-
ty, to prevent its
absolute aliena-
tion.)

tlicn it and the exchange thereof
shall be holy.

"And \{ it be any unclean^ beast,
of which they do not oti'er a sacrifice
unto the Loud, then he shall present
the beast before the priest : ^'-^aud the
priest shall value it, whether it be
good or bad : asi thou valuest it,
ir/io art the priest, so shall it bt;.
^"^ liut if he will at all redeem it, then
he shall add* a tifth part thereof unto
thy estimation.

^*And when a man shall sanctify
his house to be holy unto the LoiU),
then the priest shall estimate it,
whether it be good or bad : as the
priest shall estimate it, so shall it
stand. ^^And if he that sanctified it
will redeem his house, then he shall
add the fifth part of the money of thy
estimation unto it, and it shall be his.

^^ And if a man shall sanctify unto
the Lord some p)cirt of a field of his
possession, then thy estimation shall
be according to the seed thereof: an
homer' of barley seed shall be valued
at fifty shekels of silver. ^"^ If he
sanctify his field* from the year of
jubilee, according to thy estimation it
shall stand. ^^ liut if he sanctify his
field after the jubilee, then the priest
shall reckon unto him the money
according to the years that remain,
even unto the year of the jubilee, and
it shall be abated from thy estima-
tion. ^''And if he that sanctified the
field will in any wise redeem it, then
he shall add the fifth^ por/ of the
money of thy estimation unto it, and
it shall be assiu-ed to him. '"^"And
if he will not redeem the field, or if
he have sold the field to another
man, it shall not be redeemed anv
more. '■^' Jhit the field, Avhen it goeth
out in the jubilee, shall be holy unto
the Loun, as a field devoted;** the
possession thereof shall be the priest's.

^^And if a man sanctify unto the
LoKD a field which he hath bought,
which is not of the fields of his pos-
session ; 2"^ then the priest shall reckon
unto hiin the worth of thy estimation.

rvcn unto the year of tlie jubilee* : and
lie shall give tbiiie estimation in tliat
day, as a holy thing inito the Loud.
'^^ In the year of the jubile the field
shall return unto him of whom it was
bought, even to him" to whom the
possession of the land did belong.

''^'^And all thy estimations shall be
according to the shekel of tlu; sanc-
tuary : twenty gerahs shall be the
shekel.

'" Only the firstling^ of the beasts,
which should be the Lord's firstling,
no man shall sanctify it ; whether it
be ox, or sheep : it is the Lord's.
■'^'^And if it be of an unclean beast,
then he shall redeem it according to
thine estimation, and shall add a
fifth part of it thereto : or if it be
not redeemed, then it shall be sold
according to thy estimation.

'-^ Notwithstanding no devoted"
thing, that a man shall devote unto
the Lord of all that he hath, both
of man and beast, and of the field
of his possession, shall be sold or
redeemed : every devoted thing is
most holy unto the Lord. ^''None
devoted, which shall be devoted of
men, shall be redeemed ; but shall
surely be put to death.

30 And all the tithe'' of the land,
whether of the seed of the land, or
of the fruit of the tree, is the Lord's :
it is holy unto the Lord.

^^And if a man will at all redeem
ought of his tithes, he shall add
thereto the fifth part thereof.

^■■^And concerning the tithe of the
herd, or of the flock, even of what-
soever passeth under the rod," the
tenth shall be holy unto the Lord.
•^lle shall not search whether it be
good or bad, neither shall he change
it : and if he change it at all, then
both it and the change thereof shall
be holy ; it shall not be redeemed."

^ These are the commandments,
which the Lord commanded Moses
for the children of Israel in mount
Sinai.

V (The directimi in
thui verse seems
to o/rroliorate the
vi'W taken in the
preceding note.)

f \leh., Jirst-horn,
&c. The first-
lint? of a cow, or
tin; firstling of a
sheep, or the
lirstlint; of a
K<»it, thou shult
not redei-nj ; they
are holy. Nu.
18, 17.

o C This is a differ-
ent word from
that in ve.2, and
denotes something
that could not be
redeemed, on ac-
count pcrhiips of
the person who
vuide the vow do-
ing it in a more
soli mn manner
than the former
cn.se supposes,
with imprecation
or execration, or
both. As the cities
of the Canaanites,
Nil. ai, 2, 3, es-
pecially Jericfio,
Jos. 6, 17.)

e I have given
the children of
Livi all the
tenth in Israel
for an inherit-
ance Nu. 18,

21. tie. 28, 22.
2 Chr. 31, 5. Ne.
13, 12. Mal.3,B.

n (The cnttle were
placed in an en-
closure with a
narrow entrance,
through which
one only could
jHiss at a titne.
At this aitrancr,
on ttte outside,
stood a man with
a rod marked
trith nchre, and
as the animals
passtd out he
ctiuntfd them, and
let his rod fall on
every t'nth, with-
out distinction ;
and whichever
liore the mark
thus impressed,
was taken for the
tithe, whether it
were male or fe-
m'lle, sound or
unsound, I'ic.
Uib.)

103

NU. 1, 1. I

1, 34. r

r A.M. 3834.
I B.C. 1607.

THE

FOURTH BOOK OF MOSES,

NUMBERS.

THE fourth book of Moses is in the Septuagint styled 'ApiO/jLol; in the Vulgate, Nnmeji; and in our
Version, Numbers, from the numberings of the children of Israel which it contains. In the Hebrew canon it
receives its name sometimes from its initial word p?T?), and more frequently from its fifth p?1'?? m the ir'dder-
nessj. By the Jews it is divided into ten larger and thirty-two smaller sections. Its connexion with the
preceding books is evident not only in many allusions to what had gone before, but in the even flow of its
historic details, — event after event bringing us nearer and nearer to the occupancy of the promised land.

The book opens with the contmuation and completion of the Sinaitic legislation. The great body of the
laws having been promulgated, and the tabernacle and its furniture provided, preparation is made for the
march. The number of armed men and the military position of the tribes arc determined — the tribe of Levi
is chosen, to whom is delegated the care of the tabernacle and the duties pertaining to the public worship of
Jehovah — the passover is celebrated, and the people, with their minds directed to their miraculous delivery
from Egypt, advance towards Canaan. " Now," says Havernick, " comes the turning point of the history.
Everything seems externally prepared for the conquest of the country, when it appears that the nation are
not yet internally ripe for the performance of so important an act." The servitude and idolatry of Egypt had
rendered them unfit for the duties of a free and theocratic people. Although awed for a time by the " terrors of
the Lord," they soon forgot their deliverer, and looked with longing eyes to the land of their bondage. Hence
the necessity of the thirty-eight years' wandering, after which success is vouchsafed, and the land east of
Jordan conquered. The book may be suitably divided into three sections : — 1. Containing the narrative of the
events transpiring at Sinai (ch. i. — x.) ; 2. Describing the incidents of the journey through the wilderness
(xi. — xxi.) ; 3. Relating the transactions on the plains of Moab (xxii. — xxxvi.). The time over which these
occurrences extend reaches from the first day of the second month of the second year after the departure from
Egypt, to the first day of the eleventh month of the fortieth year. The book was probably written, or at least
completed, on the plains of Moab. It is frequently quoted in the New Testament, and contains, together with
lessons of the most solemn import, by which we shall do well to be warned, displays of God's long-sufl'ering
mercy, and gracious interference, on whicli we cannot too often meditate. " As Moses lifted up the serpent in
tlie wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up : that whosoever believeth in Him should not perish,
but have eternal life."

a (The nuniber-
inijs of the people
were designed
partly to shcvi
the power awl
faith/nlness of
God in so in-
creasing the IIk-
Ijrews, and partly
to form a bonis
for such intenml
arrangements as
might be needed.
Here the census
of men jit for war
introduces the
choice of the Le-
vitesfor religious
purposes, and the
law respecting
the firstborn.)

J. The census of the men of war. 113

A ND the Lord spake unto Moses
l\_ in the wilderness of Sinai, in tlie
tabernacle of the congregation, on
the first day of the second month,
in the second year after they were
come out of the land of Egypt, say-
ing, 2 "Take ye the sum'' of all the
congregation of the children of Israel,
after their families, by the house of
their fathers, with the number of
their names, every male by their

polls ; ^ from twenty^ years old and
upward, all that are able to go forth
to war in Israel : thou and Aaron
shall niimber them by their armies.
*And with you there shall be a man
of every tribe ; every one head of
the house of his fathers.

^And these are the names of the
men that shall stand with you : of
the tribe of Iveuben ; Elizur the son
of Shedeur. — ^ Of Simeon ; Shelumiel
the son of Zurishaddai. — "^ Of Judah ;
Nahshon the son of Annninadab. —

P (This is parti-
cularly provided
for in each of
the polli?igs. Ex,
30, 14, and 38,
2fi. Cli. 2f;, 2.
It was niihniful
to aWmpt Ike
numbering of the
whole people; 1
Chr. 27, 23, com-
pared tvitk 2Chr.
25, 5; 2 Sa. 24,
2; 1 Chr. 21, 2:
which by Ood!s
promise was to
be mmiberless.
Ge.l3, 16; 15,5;
16, 10; & 32, 12.)

164

A.M. 3834. 1

B.C. 1607. ;

NUMBERS.

J NU. 1, 1.
1 1,34.

Ill c-h. 2, 11, lio
is called lUud.

Princos of

Isnu'I, heads of
tin' liouso of
th.ir fathers,
will wero the
luincos of the
lnlH.s...Ch. 7, 2.

i (Thrrcfov vr>i

fit frr 'lli'S ,m-

• Jthn/llt' tit, h' ill;/

o/ ijrfiit iiote,(iu-

thiirily and fmi-

, luiiiv. Dr.Kilto

- cmisiih'rs them as

< " i l< ntiral with

th' ekltTs, to
■ trhi'tn Mo.ifs in
thi- first ingtnnce
einnmunicatedhis
:■: mi.i.iinn when he
i iirrividinE'jypt:'
. Kx. 4, 29.)

■[ t (This 13 not a
r, Uil'illi/ different
ctii-iiis from that
in the first year.
E.\.aS, 26. Thitt
was taken in or-
der to make a levy
for the service of
the ttiberniicle ;
this is a state-
ment given in by
each /lead of a
trilte, nf the num-
Irrr of men und'r
his command fit
for liar. The
numbers are
/imnd exactly to
correspond.)

( (Though lieuben
teas the eldest son
of Jacob, his
number was one
of the smallest.
His father fuul
foretold that he
should twt excel.
(Je. 49, 4. And
Muses said, Let
Kcubi;ii live and
not die, & let...
his men be few.
De. 33, 6.)

1) (This number
loaa reduced to
twenty-two thou-
sand before the
Israelites entfnd
Pulestine. Nu.2(>,
14. This im-
mervie decrease in
the course of one
generation, is
greater than that
suslairvd by all
the other tribes
together. Nu.2.'>,
16. 1 Cbr. 4, 42.)

9 (That of Gad is
next given in, he-
eause he belonged
to the standard of
Reuben. Ch. 32,
17.)

105

^Of Issacliar; Nethaneel the son of
Zuar. — ^ Of Zcbulun ; Eliab the sou
of Ilelon.— ^OQf the children of Jo-
seph : of Ephraim ; Elishama the 8on
of Ammihud : of Mauasseh ; Gama-
liel the son of Pedahzur. — ^^ Of Ben-
jamin ; Abidan the son of Gideoni. —
^■''Of l^an ; Ahiezcr the son of Am-
mishaddai. — ^^Of Asher; Pagiel the
son of Ocran. — ^'^Of Gad; Eliasaph
the son of Deucl.y — ^^Of Naplitali ;
Ahira the son of Enan." ^^ These
li'ere the renowned of the congrega-
tion, princes" of the tribes of their
fathers, heads* of thousands in Israel.

^^ And Moses and Aaron took these
men which are expressed by their
names : ^'^and they assembled all the
congregation together on the first day
of the second month, and they de-
clared their pedigi-ees after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers,
according to tlie number of the names,
from twenty years old and upward,
by their polls. ^^ As the Loud com-
manded Moses, so he numbered* them
in the wilderness of Sinai.

'-^And the children of Reuben, Is-
rael's eldest son, by their generations,
after tlieir families, by the house of
their fathers, according to the number
of the names, by their ])olls, every
male from twenty years old and up-
ward, all that were able to go forth
to war ; ^^ those that were numbered
of them, even of the tribe of Jieuben,
iccrc forty and six thousand and five
hundred.^

'^^ Of the children of Simeon, by
their generations, after tlieir families,
by the house of their fathers, those
tliat were numbered of them, accord-
ing to tlie nimiber of the names, by
their polls, every male from twenty
years old and upward, all that were
able to go fortli to war : '^ those that
were numbered of them, even of the
tribe of Simeon,'' were fifty and nine
thousand and three hundred.

2^ Of the chihlren of Gad," by their
generations, after their families, by

the house of their fathers, according
to the number of the names, from
twenty years old and upward, all
that were able to go forth to war;
'^ those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of Gfid, were forty
and five thousand six hundred and
fifty.

■■^«0f the children of Judah,' by
their generations, after tlieir fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers,
according to the number of the names,
from twenty years old and upward,
all that were able to go forth to war ;
^"^ those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of .Judah, were
threescore and foiu:teen thousand and
six hundred,

2^ Of the children of Issachar, by
their generations, after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers,
according to the number of the names,
from twenty years old and upward,
all that were able to go furth to war ;
^•* those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of Issachar," were
fifty and four thousand and four hun-
dred.

^Of the children of Zebulun, by
their generations, after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers,
according to the number of the names,
from twenty years old and upwai'd,
all that were able to go forth to war ;
■^1 those that were nmnbered of them,
even of the tribe of Zebulun, icere
fifty and seven thousand and four
hundred.

^'^ Of the children of Joseph,*^
namely, of the children of Ephraim,
by their generations, after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers,
according to the number of the names,
from twenty years oltl and upward,
all that were able to go forth to war;
•'" those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of E])hraim,'* were
forty thousand and five hundred.

**0f the children of Manas.seh, by
their generations, after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fatliers,
according to the number of the names,

I (Thlt trilie hail
ptirt if thr birth-
right h'st'twi'don
it. .Iiidah pn!-
vaili'il alx)ve Ills
hretliri'ii, and of
iiiiii came the

cliief niliT 1

Clir. 6, 2. (io.
"ID, 8. I's. «>, 7.
Mi. 5,2. lie. 7,
14.)

K (This tribe had
ineriaiud ivarhi
till thnusandsi
hiiviiig i:gyt>i.
In the wars of
i 'iijia/in they
VI' ntioiii d, tin. h,
1.5. Also in 1
Chr. 12,32.)

\ (Hy the blrssing
o/Jiicoh.Oi\4H,
5, and 49, 22.
JCphriiim <<• Hu
Tuis.ii-h wre
Cnunteii as sons
ofjneoli, whereby
josiph hiid
double portion of
th'- }tromi.ied
land.)

fi (During their
stay in the wit-
drriiess, Viis tribe
lost in numlirrs
eight thousaml.
But aflrrwfirds
it obtained a pro-
niinrnt place
among the Irilies,
and ilte rstaJilish-
mrntofthe tubrr-
nacle at .Shibih,
one of its tuirn.i
inrrea.nrd it» im-
jfirt/iure, wraith,
and population.
.los. 17, 14. .III.
8, 1— .3, and 12,
1. This Ud the
Kphraimit'S
rrgard with great
dislike the ap-
pninlmrnt by Da-
vid of Jrrusalem
as the capitol.)

NU. 1, 35. 1
2, 28. j

NUMBERS.

r A.M. 3834.
L B.C. 1607.

V (This trihe
gained, wh He in
the wildcrmns, an
increase to it^
numbers of twen-
ty thousand Jive
hundred; but its
subsei/uent his-
tory correspimds
icith tltepri>j>hetic
intimation of Ja-
cob. Gc. 48, 19.)

t (The fortunes of
Benjamin varied.
At the time of the
entrance into <-'a-
naan they had in-
creased by nearly
ten thousand. In
the timejs of the
Judi/es they were
nearly destroyed.
Ju. 20, 48. They
hadrevived in the
days of David,
1 (Jhr. 7, 6, hat
were still called
" littie Benja-
min." 1 Sa. 9,
21. Ps. 68, 27.)

0 (Dan hal hut one
son, when Jacult
came into Egypt.
The situatiirn
(Jos. 19, 40) of
this tribe brought
them in contact
with the Philis-
tines (Ju. xiii.
to xvi.), and led
a portion of them
to emigrate. Ju.
xviii.)

TT (Before entering
Canaan, this tribe
hfui an increase
of eleven thou-
sand nine hun-
dred. Ch. 26, 4.7.)

p (At the next
census lids tribe
counted firty-Jive
tkousanil four
hundred. Ch.26,
50.)

from twenty years old and upward,

all tbat were able to go forth to war ;
^^ those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of Manasseh," it^ere
thirty and two thousand and two
hundred.

^''Of the children of Benjamin, by
their generations, after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers,
according to the number of the names,
from twenty years old and upward,
all tliat were able to go forth to war ;
^^ those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of Benjainin,^ were
thirty and five thousand and four
hundred.

^Of the children of Dan, by their
generations, after their families, by
the house of their fathers, according
to the number of the names, from
twenty years old and upward, all
that were able to go forth to war ;
^^ those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of Dan,° were three-
score and two thousand and seven
hundred.

^OQf the children of Asher, by
their generations, after their fami-
lies, by the house of tlieir fathers,
according to the niunber of the names,
from twenty years old and upward,
all that were able to go forth to war ;
■*^ those that were numbered of them,
even of the tribe of Asher, '^ were
forty and one thousand and five hun-
dred.

*2 0f the childi-en of Naphtali,
throughout their generations, after
their families, by the house of their
fathers, according to the number of
the names, from twenty years old
and upward, all that were able to go
forth to war ; ^"^ those that were num-
bered of them, even of the tribe of
Naphtali, P were fifty and three thou-
sand and four hundred.

^^ These are those that were num-
bered, which Moses and Aaron num-
bered, and the princes of Israel, being
twelve men : eacli one was for the
house of his fathers. ^^ So were all
those that were numbered of the

children of Israel, by the house of
their fathers, from twenty years old
and upward, all that were able to
go forth to war in Israel ; ^^ even all
they that were numbered"^ were six
hundred thousand and three thousand
and five hundred and fifty .'^

^^ But the Levites" after the tribe
of their fathers were not numbered
among them. ^ For the Lord had
spoken unto Moses, saying, ^''^ "Only
thou shalt not number the tribe of
Levi, neither take the sum of them
among the children of Israel : ^^ but
thou shalt appoint^ the Levites over
the tabernacle of testimony,^ and
over all the vessels thereof, and over
all things that belong to it : they
shall bear the tabernacle, and all tlie
vessels thereof; and they shall minis-
ter unto it, and shall encamp round
about the tabernacle. ^^And when
the tabernacle setteth forward, the
Levites shall take it down : and when
the tabernacle is to be pitched, the
Levites shall set it up : and the
stranger* that cometh nigh shall be
put to death. ^'^ And the children of
Isi-ael shall pitch their tents, every
man by his own camp, and every
man by his own standard,''' through-
out their hosts. ^^But the Levites
shall pitch round" about tlic taber-
nacle of testimony, that there be no
wrath upon the congregation of the
cliildren of Israel : and the Levites
shall keep the charge of the taber-
nacle of testimony."

^And tlie children of Israel did
according to all that the Lord com-
manded Moses, so did they.*

n"l A.M. 3&34. B.C. Ifi07. ri I '^

•J WiLDERNES.S OF SiNAI. [^XXO

7'h<i order of the tribes in their tents.

A ND the Lord spake unto Moses
i JL and unto Aaron, saying, ^ " Every
man of the children of Israel shall
pitch by his own standard, with the
ensign of their father's house : far
ofi'^ about the tabernacle of the con-
gregation shall they pitch. ^And on

a- (It Ms been well
said, that all the
enumerations of
all the tribespre-
sent were even
tens. Hence it
would seem that
the census had
respect especially
to the military
organisation oj
thepeople. Com-
pare Ex. 18, 25.
I)e. 1, 15. The
basis of the Jew-
ish military divi-
sions was deci-
mal.)

T (Although the
individual tribes
varied, the gross
nnniher remained
nearly the same
as when they left
Egypt. Ex. 38,
26. The children
of Israel jour-
neyed from Ra-
meses to Suc-
coth, about six
hundred thou-
saud on foot that
were men. ..Ex.
12,37. Ch.2,32,
and 26, 51.)

V (The number of
the Levites was
ttventy-two thow-
sand three hun-
dred. But there
was no reason
that they should
he counted, for
this muster ivas
taken with respect
to war, from
tvhich the Leviteg
were excused.
Compare ch. 31
4, 5, with ve. 30,
47.)

^ Ex. 38, 21. Ch.
3, 7, 8, & 4, 15.

X (That contained
the. ten command-
ments.)

b Ch. 18, 22.

\li (Thisisthe ear-
liest recorded ex-
ample of military
banners.)

(o (Shall make a
camp nearer the
tabernacle,within
the other camp of
tlie Israelites.)

a (Consented to
what was requir-
ed of them, & act-
ed accordingly.)

j3 Ileb., over
against. Jos. 3,4.

166

'\.M. 3834.
■ C. 1607.

NUMBERS.

JNTJ. 1,35.
I 2, 28.

.. Hcforc tho

iimcle to-

.1 the oftst...

II Ih; MoSfS,

Aiinm mill

OI1S...CU. 3,

I'hf. Jetrl.ih
« siiy Ihnt
^iijn (ifju-

lion. liu.
M. Ezc. 1,
Ko. i, 7, &

/, HV7.S- I!,.

1/1 a <tireet
om Judnh.
1, -20. Ch.
I. 1 Chr.
Mat. 1, -1.

; an.)

B'To the two r'wal
am Uii-1 lifJmiah
and £ph nihil,
whose, hostility
vas siibsrqifntlii
so/rriiumlty anil
disasi rousl y di.i-
playrd, ivt-re ii,i-
siijii'd the posts
of honou r and
daiiijci — the vim
ami the re/ir; so
that while co-ope-
ratiny most effi-r-
tuatly for the
sii/'ty of the
camp, they toerf
removed ns far
as possible from
tach other.)

} (AeeoriUny to
the Jewish wri-
ters, the ensign
of Ileidien was a
moil's hfod (VjZC,
1, 10), and they
. consider it a me-
j vii'riiil of Leah's
trusting to thr
I^^rrd rather tlian
to the mnndrakes.
Oc. 30, 15.)

"6 Pnirl,f\x. 1.11;
7, 42, 17 ; iiiul 10,
•20.

the cast sidi''" toAvard the. vising: of the
sun sliall they of the standard^ of
the camp of Jiuhih ])itch throu^^hout
their armies : and Nalislion^ the son
of Amminadab shall he captain of
the children of Jiidah. '*And his
host,^ and those tliat were numbered
of them, were threescore and fourteen
thousand and six hundred.

''And those that do pitch next unto
him sliall be the tribe of Issachar :
and Nethaneel the son of Zuar sluiU
he captain of tliechiklren of Issachar.
*'Aiid his host, and those that were
numbered tliereof, iverc fifty and four
thousand and four hundred.

'^ Then the tribe of Zebulun : and
Eliab the son of llelon shall he
captain of the chiklren of Zebulun.
*^And his host, and those that were
numbered thei*eof, ice7'e fifty and
seven thousand and four hundred.

^ All that were numbered in the
camp of Jndah xcere an hundred thou-
sand and fourscore tliousand and six
thousand and four hundred, throug'li-
out their armies. These shall first
set forth.

^^On the south side shall he the
standard'' of the camp of l\euben
accordinc^ to their armies : and the
captain of the children of Iveuben
shall he Elizur the son of 8hedeur.
" And his host, and those that were
numbered thereof, leere forty and six
thousand and five hundred.

^^And those -which pitch by him
shall he the tribe of Simeon : and the
captain of the children of Simeon
shall be Shelumiel the son of Zuri-
shaddai. ^•*And his host, and those
that were numbered of them, were
fifty and nine thousand and three
hundred.

'"'Then the tribe of dad : and the
cai)tain of the sons of (J ad shall he
Eliasaph the son of Keuel.^ '^And
his host, and those that were num-
bered of them, u'cre forty and five
thousand and six hundred and fifty.

'^AIl that were numbered in the
camp of Kcuben xcere an hundred

thousand and fifty and one thousand
and ftiur hundred and fifty, through-
out their armies. And they shall set
forth in the second'' rank.

'^ Then the tabernacle of the con-
gregalion shall set forward with tin-
camp of the l^evites in the midst of
the camp : as they encamp, so shall
they set forward, every man in his
place by their standards.

^^ On the west side shall he the
standard of the camp of Kphralm'
according to their armies : and the
captain of the sons of JCphraim shall
be Elishama the son of Amniihud.
''-•And his host, and those that were
numbered of them, were forty thou-
sand and five hundred.

2*^ And by him shall he the tribe of
^[anasseh : and the captain of the
children of Manasseh s/?«// ie (iama-
liel the son of I'edahzur. '-^'And his
host, and those that were nuiid)erc-d
of them, iccre thirty and two thou-
sand and two hundred.

'^'^ Then the tribe of lienjamin :
and the captain of the sons of l>en-
jamin shall he Abidan the son of
(iideoni, 23^\,^(] ],j>^ jjf^^j^^ and those
that were numbered of them, were
tliirty and five thousand and four
hundred.

'■^'All that were numbered of the
camp of JCphraim icere an hundred
thousand and eight thousand and an
hundred, throughout th(nr armies.
And they shall go forward in the
third rank.

■''^The standard* of the camp of
Dan*" shall be on the north side by
their armies : and the cai)tain of the
children of Dan sliall he Ahiezer the
son of Ammishaddai. "•^'' An<l his
host, and those that were numbered
of them, irere threescore and two
thousand and seven hundred.

■'^'^And those that encamp by liim
shall he the tribe of Asher: and the
captain of the children of Asher shall
be Pagiel the son of Ocran. '-^Aiid
his host, and tlioso that were num-

rf Ch. 10, 18.

I (Are/nding to
the Jewish wri-
ti rs, thi- ensign of
Ephraim viis the
hiad of an ox.
l)e. 3.3, 17.)

K (77ieir ensign
was an eagle.
Ezo. 1, 10. Ke.
4, 7. According
to the Jewiih
writers, neither
addir nor arrow-
snake is the pro-
per meaning of
the Hehreir word
sliephiplion,
wliirh signifies a
flying ravenous
creature, which
an eagle is; but
Gesenius, Furst,
Biesentlinl, Kno-
bel, <f"f., trnnslnte
" sirprnt." It is
found only in
"(ic. 49, 17. The
colours of the
Imnnrrs prolmlily
ciirrrspiiiiilrd
with Ihi'sr of thr
sUmes in I'.X. 2H,
17—20, and thr
colours of thr
four ensigns a
brillioiU light.)

e Pan sliatl jndgo
lii.s |Mi.|ilc, as
line fif till' trilx'S
of Israil. c;.-.
4a,16. J n. 13,2.

1G7

NTJ. 2, 29. >

3, 41. ;

NUMBERS.

r A.M. 3834.
L B.C. 1607.

X (TVie Jewish
vritrrs snif that
tlif c'trcnmj'irencr
of t/i>- entire «i-
C'lmpmtnt was
nliviit twelve
mil's; a stnte-
tiwiit which vouhl
serin snfficioitly
moderate when
wc recolh'ct the.
hollow square in
the centre, and
consiiltr the vast
'jctent of grounil
required for the
tents of perhaps
two milliims of
peoplf.. I'ic. Bib.)

/li (In genealogy,
Aaron as the e.tder
stands first ; in
history, Moses,
as the most cele-
lirated and im-
porteint. Si'C Ex.
6,20,27. Moses's
rhihlren are in-
cluded in the de-
scription in ve.
19.)

v (The posterity
of Moses, v:hose
sons were not
priests, hut Le-
viteji, 1 Chr. 23,
13, are numbered
einiitng the Ko-
keithUas, ve. 27.)

/ E.X. 6, 23.

g Ex. 28, 41.' Le.
viii.

^ Ileb., v)hose
haiul He filled.

h Le. 10, 1, and

ch. 2G, 61 Be-

fiire their father.
1 Chr. 24, 2.

o (The intense
seems to have
been according to
the prescribed re-
gulation, Ex.30,
!>, but the fire
used was other
than tite sacred
fire. The, anulogy
betweeti the sin
and the punish-
mcttt is striking.
The heinousness
of the offence was
greatly increased
in consequence of
the very recent
miraculous de-
scent of the fire
from heaven.)

IT CTliat is, in the
lifetime.)

168

bered of them, were forty and one
thousand and five hundred.

^Then the tribe of Naphtali : and
the captain of the children of Naph-
tali shall be Ahira the son of Enan.
^ And his host, and those that were
numbered of them, were fifty and
three thousand and foiu* hundred.

^^All they that were numbered in
the camp of Dan luere an hundred
thousand and fifty and seven thou-
sand and six hundred. They shall
go hindmost Avith their standards."

^^ These are those which were
numbered of the children of Israel
by the house of their fathers : all those
that were numbered of the camps^
throughout their hosts were six hun-
dred thousand and three thousand
and five hundred and fifty. — ^^ But
the Levites were not numbered among
the children of Israel ; as the Lord
commanded Moses.

^And the children of Israel did
according to all that the Lord com-
manded Moses : so they pitched by
their standards, and so they set
forward, every one after their fami-
lies, according to the house of their
fathers.

III.]

The order of the camp of the
Levites.

[114

THESE also are the generations
of Aaron*^ and Moses'' in the day
that the I^ord spake with Moses in
mount tSinai. ^And these are the
names of the sons of Aaron ; Nadab
the firstborn,-^ and Abihu, Eleazar,
and Ithamar. ^ These are the names
of the sons of Aaron, the priests^
which were anointed, whom he con-
secrated^ to minister in the priest's
office.

^ And Nadab and Aliihu died^
before the Lord, when they offered"
strange fire before the Lord, in the
wilderness of Sinai, and they had no
children : and Eleazar and Ithamar
ministered in the priest's office in the
sig-hf^ of Aaron their father.

^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
sa^'ing, ^ " Bring the tribe of Levi
near, and present/' them before Aaron
the priest, that they may minister*^
unto him. '''And they shall keep his
charge, and the charge of the whole
congregation before the tabernacle of
the congregation, to do the service
of the tabernacle.'' ^And they shall
keep all the instruments" of the ta-
bernacle of the congregation, and the
charge of the children of Israel, to
do the service of the tabernacle.
^And thou shalt give"^ the Levites
unto Aaron and to his sons : they
are wholly given unto him out of
the children of Israel. ^^ And thou
shalt appoint Aaron and his sons,
and they shall waitx on their priest's
office : and the stranger that cometh
nigh shall be put to death."

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,

saying.

And I, behold, I have

taken the Levites from among the
children of Israel instead of all the
firstliorn that openeth the matrix
among the children of Israel : there-
fore the Levites shall be Mine; ^■'^ be-
cause all the firstborn are'^ Mine;
for on the day that I smote all the
firstborn in the land of Egypt I hal-
lowed' unto Me all the firstborn in
Israel, both man and beast: Mine
shall they be: I am the Lord."

^* And the Lord spake unto INIoses
in the wilderness of Sinai, saying,
15 '<J4 umber the children of Levi after
the house of their fathers, by their
families : every male from a month"
old and upward shalt thou number
them."

^^'And Moses numbered them ac-
cording to the word" of the Lord,
as he was commanded.

^'^ And these were the sons* of Levi
by their names; Gershon, and Ko-
hath, and Merari.

^^And these are the names of the
sons of C ershon by their families ;
Libiii, and Shimei.

i'-* And the sons of Kohath by their

p (Rather, conse-
crate.)

a (Tlie work and
office of the Le-
vites was, 1. To
minister to tfie
priests; 2. To
serve at the taber-
nacle. Ve. 7. 2
Chr. 35, 3. See
1 Chr. 23, 28.)

T (Not officiiiting
in it, hut assist-
ing the priests
about the exter-
7ial pfirt of it.
See Ch. 1, 50, &
8, 11, 15, 24, 26.)

V (By guarding
them, aiul every
thing belonging
to it.)

<j> (They were first
presented to God,
instead of the
firstborn of the
children of Israel,
and God bestoived
them as a gift
upon the priests.
"Let them he
given, given I say,
d:c" Maurer.)

X (They were to
bless the peopU,
to offer incen-ie,
and to minister
at the altar. Nu.
18, 7. De. 21, 5.
1 Chr. 23, 13.)

i|/ (Let them he
Mine, My own.
Maurer.)

i Sanctify unto
Me all tliu first-
born ; wliatso-
cver opcnetli tlie
womb amoiiK the
children of Is-
rael, both of man
and of beast, it
is Mine. Ex. 13,
2. Le.27,26. Ch.
8, 16. Lu. 2, 23.
...Roth the first-
born of man and
the firstborn of
beast.. ..Ex. 13,
15.

ui (At which age
the firstborn were
redeemed, in
whose steail the
Levites were to
le given unto
God, The rest
of the I.iraedites
were numbered
from twenty
years old.)

a Hob., mouth.

k Ge. 46, 11. Ex.
6, 16. I'll. 26, 57.
1 Chr. G, 1, and
23,6.

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

NUMBERS.

< NU. 2, 29.
( 3,41.

/3 (If we read tiro
humlrcil, ^i iii-
strmi of five hun-
dred, ■], then the
number in vc. 39
w right.)

y (Thif east was
rerkoned the first
plai-e, ch. 2, 3;
the west was cnn-
S'ljuently hrhind.
Tlif Grrshonites
pitched between
the tabernacle d'
the standard of
Kphraim, ch. 2,
18.)

6Cli. 4, 24; and
10, 27.

{ (Sot the boards,
which belonged tn
Mrrari, vo. 36,
but the ten cur-
tains mentioned
Kx. 26, 1.)

( (The curtains of
ats hair.)

i (Of ram.i' skins
it batlijcrs' skins.)

• ....Of bluo, niul
purplo, Slid Rcar-
lot, & fine twined
linen, wnMinlit
with noedli'-
w.irk. Ex. 2G.

(/...Offinotw^ined
linen iif an linn-
dred cnliitslong.
Ex. 27, 9.

e ... Twenty cu-
bits of. fine

twined linen,
wrought witli
needlework.
Ex. 27, 16.

/ Ex. 35, 18.

9 1 Chr. 2C, 23.
Ch. 1, 63.

J (Between the
sanctuary and the
standard of Hiu-
ben. Ch. 2, 10.)

' Tn regard to

kind of ser-

>■ allotted tn

"■ three classes,

".' more dignified

'■' the emplog-

is was as-

■d to the A'o-

■':iles. Ch. 4,

1 Chr. 6, 33.)

x. 27, 1; 30,

familiea ; Amram, and Izeliar, He-
bron, ami Uzzicl,

*'Aiul the sciiis of Aferari by their
families; Mahli, anil Mnshi.

These f/;vi the families of the Levites
accordiii*^ to the house of their fathers.

^^ Of (Jershon teas the family of
the Libnitcs, and the family of the
Shimites : these are the families of
the CJershonitcs.

'■^'- Those that were numbered of
thorn, according to the number of all
tlie males, from a month old and
upward, even those that were num-
bered of them were seven thousand
and five hundred.'^

'■^^"The families of the Gershon-
ites shall pitch behind the taber-
nacle westward.v 2* And the chief
of the house of the father of the Ger-
shonites shall be Eliasaph the son of
Lael.

^^And the charge* of the sons of
Gershon in the tabernacle of the
congregation shall be the tabernacle,^
and the tent,* the covering^ thereof,
and the hanging'^ for the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation, ^''and
the hangings'' of the court, and the
curtain' for the door of the court,
which is by the tabernacle, and by
the altar round about, and the cords/
of it for all the service thereof.

^'^And of Kohath^ teas the family
of the Amramitcs, and the family of
the Izeharites, and the family of the
Hebronites, and the family of the
Tzzieliles : these are the families of
the Kohathites, ^sjj^ ^\^^^ num])er of
all the males, from a month old and
upward, tcere eight tliousand and six
hundred, keeping the charge of the
sanctuary.

''^The families of the sons of Ko-
hath shall pitch on the side of the
tabernacle southward.'' ^''And the
chief of the house of the father of
the families of the Kohathites shall be
I Jizaphan the son of Uzziel. ^^ And
their charge* shall be the ark, and
the table, and the candlestick, and
the altars,* and the vessels of the

sanctuary wherewith they minister,
and the hanging,' and all the service
thereof.

^'■^And Eleazar the son of Aaron
the priest shall be chief over the chief
of the Levites, and have the over
sight of them that keep the charge of
the sanctuary.

^^Of Merari was the family of tht
Mahlites, and the family of tin
Mushites : these are the families of
Merari. •^' And those that were num-
jjered of them, according to the num-
ber of all the males, from a month
old and upward, were six thousand
and two hundred. ^And the chief
of the house of the father of the fjimi
lies of Mer.ari was Zuriel the son of
Abihail :' these shall pitch on the
side of the tabernacle northward.*
^•^ And under the custody^ and cliarge
of the sons of Merari shall be the
boards of the tabernacle, and the
bars thereof, and the pillars thereof,
and the sockets thereof, and all the
vessels thereof, and all that servcth
thereto, •'^'^and the pillars of the court
round about, and their sockets, and
their pins, and their cords.

^^But those that encamp before the
tabernacle toward the cast,'* eren be-
fore the tabernacle of the congrega-
tion eastward, shall be Moses, and
Aaron and his sons, keeping the
charge of the sanctuary for the cliarge
of the children of Israel ; and tlie
stranger'' that cometh nigh shall be
put to death."

^'•' All that were numbered' of the
Levitcs,f which Moses and Aaron"
numbered at the commandment of the
Loun, throughout tlieir families, all
the males from a month old and uj)-
ward, icere twenty and two thousand.

^•^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Number all the firstborn of the
males of the children of Israel from
a month old and upward, and take
the number of their names. ""And
thou shalt take the Levites for me (I
am the Loun) instead of all the

Ex. 26, .TJ

I (This name
shoiiUl be written
Ahichail, and so
IChr.ii, 14. Em.
2, 15.)

K (Between the
sanctuary <k the
staivia rd of Dan .
Ch. 2, 26.)

A Ileb., the. office
of the charge.
Oh. 4, 31.

PL (Between tlie
stawlard of Ju-
ilah and the ta-
bernacle. Ch. 2,
3.)

V (That is, all
who were not of
the tribe of Levi.
Such was the sa-
crej/ness of the
priestly office.)

I Tliry shall Jm-
ji'ined unto thee
(.\.iron>, <t kee|i
the elmrfTO ot
the talHTnarle
of the ron^Tepa-
tion. Ch. 18, 4.

( (Js the service
woubl hardly be
orcupation
enough for a
whole tribe, it is
probablethalthry
were em pi ^yed
for other uses,
such as leaching
the Law. ]>r.
( 'h aimers says :
"A beiifficinl em-
phymrnt could lie
assigned them all
as preachers, as
educatimiisls,and
as professional
men of nil sorts,
who had to do
with the mind
and morals of the
nation.")

o ....\nd Aaron.
JTHNI There are
fifteen words in
Ihr printed He-
brew Bible thus
dutteil, protxi/'ly
to d< note iiil' i /">■
lotion. Thisi,.,nl
is not in the .Sii-
maritaiij Syriae,
nor in Kenni-
cott'i ddejl MS.)

IG'J

ITU. 3, 43. 1
4,35.;

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3834.
\ B.C. 1607.

n- (Moses only teas
c ncerned in num-
bering the first-
born, as also ill
?i ft mbering thtLe-
vites, vo. 14. For
since the money
with which the

firstborn of Is-
rael, which ex-
ceeded the num-
ber of the Levites,
were to be re-
deemed was to be
paid to Aaron <£■
his sons, ye. 48,
he whose advan-
tage it was that
the number of the
firstborn of Israel
should exceed was
not authorized to
take the number.
Kidder.)

p (The proportion
of the firstborn
was regulated bg
thellebrew usage,
that they must br
such on the fa-
ther's as well as
on the mother's
side.) Ge. 49, 3.
Ch. 1, 20. l)c.
21, 15. Ps. 105,
36.

o- (Th us it appears
that there was
only one firstborn
in forty-two
males. Michaelis
thinks this a
proof that p>oly-
gamy prevailed
to a great extent
among the Israel-
ites, a conclusion
which is sustain-
ed by the genea-
logies in Chroni-
cles. It cannot be
undesigned that
the tribe of Levi
should be but lit-
tle more than vne-
third larger than
the smallest of
the other tribes.)

T (This exchange
is made by My
authority.)

V (lis. 8rf. Lc.
27,6. Ch. 18, 16.)

k Ex. 30, 13. I.e.

27, 25. Ch. 18,
16. Ezc. 4.5, 12.

4> (The firstborn
to be redeemed by
money, to be ex-
changed for a
Levite, was pro-
bably determined
by lot.)

X (Five times two
hundred and se-
veiUy three make
just the number.)

/ 1 Chr. 23, 3, 24,
27.

firstborn among tlie cluldren of Is-
rael ; and the cattle of the Levites
instead of all the firstlings among the
cattle of the children of Israel."

^^And Hoses'^ numbered, as tlie
Lord commanded him, all the first-
born among the children of Israel.
•^And allP the firstborn males by the
number of names, fi-om a month old
and upward, of those that were num-
bered of them, were twenty and two
thousand two hundred and threescore
and thii'teen."^

** And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^^ " Take the Levites instead
of all the firstborn among the chil-
dren of Israel, and the cattle of the
Levites instead of their cattle ; and
the Levites shall be Mine : I am the
LoRD.'^ *^And for those that are to
be redeemed of the two hundred and
threescore and tliirteen of the first-
born of the children of Israel, which
are more than the Levites ; ^'' thou
shalt even take five" shekels apiece
by the poll, after the shekel of the
sanctuary shalt thou take them : (the
shckeP is twenty gerahs :) ^^and thou
shalt give the money, wherewith tlie
odd number of them is to be redeemed,
unto Aaron and to his sons."

^'•^And IMoses took the redemption
money of them that were over and
above them that were redeemed"^ by
the Levites : ''^^of the firstborn of the
children of Israel took he the money ;
a thousand^ three hundred and three-
score and five shekels, after the she-
kel of the sanctuary : ^^ and Moses
gave the money of them that were
redeemed unto Aaron and to his sons,
according to the word of the Lord,
as the Lord connnanded Moses,

yxr "I Instructions as to the service of tJte fl 1 X
-L ' -J Levites. Their census. j^ilJ

AND the Lord spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, saying, ^"Take
the sum^ of the sons of Kohath from
among the sons of Levi, after their
families, by the house of their fathers.

^from thirty"^ years old and upward
even until fifty years old, all that
enter" into the host, to do the work
in the tabernacle of the congregation.
•*This shcdl be the service'" of the
sons of Kohath in the tabernacle of
the congregation, about the most"
holy things.

^And when the camp settetli for-
ward, Aaron shall come, and his
sons, and they shall take down the
covering vail," and cover the ark^ of
testimony with it : ''and shall put
thereon the covering of badgers' skins,
and shall spread over it a cloth wholly
of blue, and shall put in the staves^
thereof. ''And upon the table'' of
shewbread they shall spread a cloth
of blue, and put thereon the dishes,
and the spoons, and the bowls, and
covers to cover" withal : and the con-
tinual bread shall be thereon : ^and
they shall spread upon them a cloth
of scarlet, and cover the same with a
covering of badgers' skins, and shall
pvit in the staves thereof. ^And
they shall take a cloth of blue, and
cover the candlestick' of the light,
and his lamps, and his tongs, and
his snuft'dishes, and all the oil ves-
sels thereof, wherewith they minis-
ter unto it : ^°and they shall put it
and all the vessels thereof within a
covering of badgers' skins, and shall
put it upon a bar.^ ^^And upon tlic
golden altar' they shall spread a cloth
of blue, and cover it with a covering
of badgers' skins, and shall put to
the staves thereof: ^'-^and they shall
take all the instruments of ministry,
wherewith they minister in the sanc-
tuary, and put them in a cloth of
blue, and cover them with a covering
of badgers' skins, and shall jiut them
on a bar : ^^and they shall take away
the ashes from the altar, and spread
a purple cloth thereon : ^^and they
shall put upon it all the vessels there-
of, wherewith they minister about it,
even the censers,')' the fleshhooks, and
the shovels, and the basons,^ all the

\ji (They were not
obliged to the
most burthensome
work before or
after these ages,
hut the "service,"
ch. 8, 24, began
at twenty-five, the
"burden," ve.24,
at thirty, and the
" ministry " at
fifty, ch. 8, 26.
At the age of
thirty our Lord
commenced His
public work.)

CO (Fit, of the pro-
per age, of suffi-
cient stringth, d-
not leg/illy ex-
cluded, ch. 5, 1,

2. I'his service
was a spiritual
warfare, and he
that eiUered upo7i
it, is said to enter
into the host. See
ve. 23, and 1 Ti.
1,18. 2Ti.2,3.)

m Ve. 15.

n Ve. 19.

0 Ex. 26, 31 ; 40,

3. He. 9, 3.

p Ex. 25, 10, 16.

q The staves
shall be in the
rings of tlie ark :
they sh.iU not he
taken from it.
Ex. 25, 15.

;■ A tabic of

shittim wood....
(overlaid) with
pure gold. Ex.
25, 23, 24. Le.
24, 6, 8.

a Or, pour out
withal.

s ...Of pure gold:
of beaten work,
(with) six
branches....
Ex. 25, 31.

p (Something re-
sembling a bier.
Patrick. Ahand-
barrnw or horse.
Ilorsley.)

t Ex. 30, 1, 3.

y (The Jewish
censers were un-
like those of the
Itomans, as well
as those with per-
forated lids and
chains. The He-
brew word de-
notes an instru-
menlT that takes
the fire or coals,
and teas probably
a pan with a
handle.)

& Or, bowls.

170

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1C07. (

NUMBERS.

JNU. 3,42.
1 \\ 36.

t(Aj'tfrlhisverS'-,
JliirsUy, lluseii-
Willi' r, Octl'I'S,
iiiid lierthenu tui'l
on the nuthiiriti/
ofthr Saninritaii
««</ SeptuaKint,
"And thii/ shall
lake a piiijilc
cloth, and cover
thf laver and it.t
Ixuie ; and th' y
shall put over
th'in a cover of
liaj/'frs' (stnln')
skins, and shall
])ut them on a
bearer.")

u 1 Chr. 15. 2.
C'li. 7, ;t, and 1".
21. Ue. 31, 9.
2 :<a. G, l.i.

V Tlie aiigor of
tlie Loud was
kindled against
I'zza, and He
Kinote him, be-
raiise lie put his
hand to the arlc.
1 Chr. 13, 10.

f (Do not occasion
th'ir deslrw-lion
hi/ negltclintj to
n/ipoint them to
their service, and
leaving the holy
things uncovered.
Kidder. J

10 1 Pa. G, 10. Lp.
10,2. Ex. 19, 12.

>} (Kathor, "for a
eindlowing, ' i.e.,
"/ "I'ittle, a pro-
verbial expres-
sion, see Job 17,
19, suddenly, for
a single moment.
They shall not gn
in to look at the
holy things for a
single moment.
(ie.senins, Maii-
riT, FQrst, Da-
vidson.)

zEx. 19, 21.

6 Ileb., to war the
tcarfare.

t Or, carriage.
(The service of
the Gershonit's
tras more Inliori-
oyis than that of
the, Kohathites,
and they were
also fewer in
number. Verses
3C and 40.)

y Ch. 3. 25. 26.

vessels of the altar ; and they shall
s])vead upon it a eovering; of badger.s'
.skins, and put to the staves of it.'

^^Aud Avhen Aaron and his .sons
have made an end of eoverinp^ the
sanetuarv, and all the vessels of the
sanctuary, as the camp is to set for-
ward ; after that, the sons of Kohath
shall come to bear" //; but they sliall
not touch" any holy thing, lest they
die. These things are the burden of
the sons of Kohath in the tabernacle
of the congregation.

^*^And to the office of Eleazar the
son of Aaron the priest pertaineth
the oil for the light, and the sweet
incense, and the daily meat ottering,
and the anointing oil, and the over-
sight of all the tabernacle, and of all
that therein is., in the sanctuary, and
in the vessels thereof."

^^And the Lord spake unto ilosos
and unto Aaron, saying, ^^"Cut^ye
not ott' the tribe of the fainilies of the
Kohathites from among the Lcvites :
^'■'IJut thus do unto them, that they
may live, and not die, when they
approach imto the most holy things :
Aaron and his sons shall go in, and
ajjpoint them every one to his service
and to his burden : ^"but they shall
not go in, to see'" when the holy
things are covered,'' lest they dic."-^

21 And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '"'"'^"Take also the sum of
the sons of Gershon, throughout the
houses of their fathers, by their fami-
lies ; '^ from thirty years old and
upward until fifty years old shalt
thou number them ; all that enter in
to perform^ the service, to do the
work in the tabernacle of the con-
gregation.

''This is the service of the fami-
lies of the Gershonites, to serve, and
for burdens :'■ '■^and they shall bear'/
the curtains of the tabernacle, and
the tabeniade of the congi-egation,
his covering, and the covering of the
badgers' skins that is above upon it,
and the hanging for the door of the

tabernacle of the congregation, ■^^and
the hangings of the court, and the
hanging for the door of the gate of
the court, which is by the tabernacle
and by the altar round about, and
their cords, and all the instruments
of their service, and all that is made
for them : so shall they serve. '^^ At
the appointment* of Aaron and his
sons sliall be all the service of tlie
sons of the Gershonites, in all their
burdens, and in all their service : and
ye shall appoint unto them in charge
all their bm-dens. '■^''This is the ser-
vice of the families of the sons of
Gershon in the tabernacle of the con-
gi'egation : and their charge shall he
uiuier the hand of Ithamar^ the son
of x\aron the priest.

2^ As for the sons of Mcrari, thou
shalt number them after their fami-
lies, by the house of their fathers ;
3" from thirty years old and upward
even unto fifty years old shalt thou
number them, eveiy one that enter-
eth into the service,'* to do the work
of the tabernacle of the congregation.
^^And this is the charge- of their
burden, according to all their service
in the tabernacle of the congregation ;
the boards" of the tabernacle, and the
bars thereof, and the jjillars thereof,
and sockets thereof, ^-and the pillars
of the court round about, and their
sockets, and their pins, and their
cords, with all their instruments, and
with all their service :" and by name
ye shall reckon the instruments of
the charge of their burden. ^This
is the service of the families of the
sons of Merari, according to all their
service,^ in the tabernacle of the con-
gregation, under the hand of Ithamar
the son of Aaron the priest."

^*And Moses and Aaron and the
chief of the congi-egation numbered
the sons of the Kohathites after their
families, and after the house of their
fathers, *''from thirty years old and
upward even unto fifty years old,
every one that cntercth into the

K Ileb., mouth.

A (Ithamar, with
his descendants,
occupied thi: posi-
tion of common
priests till the
high priisthood
pisscil into his
family in the per-
siai I if Kli, under
ciraimstancet of
which we are ig-
norant. Kittu'a
Cyc.)

H lleb., warfare,

z Ch. 3, 30, 37.

a E.X. 26, 15.

I* (In the wiUUr-
ness the office of
the Invites was
to carry the to-
bernacle, and its
utensils and fur-
71 it u re, from pitire
to place, aft' r
they had l>rrn
packed up by thf
pritsts. In this
service each of
threeLevitieal fa-
milies had its se-
2>arate de part-
mi nt. The Mrra-
rites had charge
of the substan-
tial.)

f Ex. .^S, 21.
(When the tem-
ple was built it
was nrd'-nd that)
...tlie I.evltes...
shall no nmre
carry the talnr-
nacle. nor any
vessels of it for
the ser\'ico
thereof. 1 Chr.
23, 26. (They
were apjwinted to
lie, 1. aini/ers, 1
Chr. 2.% 30. 2.
Torters to the se-
veral gates iif the
temple, 1 Chr. W.
13. 3. Theg had
charge of the
treasure of the
house of (jod
and of the dedi-
cated things. 4.
i>ffic>rs....U\ all
the business of
the I..<>iii>,and in
the service of
tlie king. 1 Chr.
26, 30.)

171

NTJ. 4, 36. I

5, 31. r

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3834.
1 B.C. 1607.

0 (The onkrJy dis-
tribution here si:t
btfore us suygests
the lesson of ench
man knowing his
own station and
his own work.)

TT (TJie Gershwi-
itcs carried the
hangings, cords,
(fx-., of the taber-
niide. Ch. 3, 25,
uud 7, 7.)

p (The raimhf.r of
the Merarites was
/iiily six thousand
two hundred, be-
ing less than ci-
ther the Kohath-
ites or the (Jer-
shnnites, but the
tiumber of tkosr
who are fit for
service is greater
than eitlier. The
heavier part of
the burd-.ns were
under their
citarge, and hence
to them v;ere
given double the
number of wag-
ons and oxen.
(Jh. 7, 7, 8.)

<T (The Kohathites
irere charged with
the most holg
things, and tin;
service of the
sanctuary be-
l<jnf,'ing unto
tliciii was tliat
tlicy slidiild bear
ii|iijii tlieir
shoulders. Ch.
7, 9. The Ger-
shonites had two
wagons and four
o.xen accord-
ing to their ser-
vice, and the
Mirarites, whose
charge teas the
heaviest of all,
four wagons an(l
eight oxen. CIi.
7 8, and verses
15, 24, 31.

service, for the work in the taberna-
cle of the congTegation : •^"aiid those
that were nunihered of them by their
families were two thousand seven
hundred and fifty. ^^ These it-ere
they that were numbered of the
families of the Kohathites, all that
might do service" in the tabernacle of
the congregation, which ]\Ioses and
Aaron did number according to the
commandment of the Lord by the
hand of Moses.

2*^ And those that were numbered
of the sons of Gershon, throughout
their families, and by the house of
their fathers, ^^from thirty years old
and upward even unto fifty years old,
every one that entereth into the ser-
vice, for the work in the tabernacle
of the congregation, ^''even those that
were niimbered of them, throughout
their families, by the house of their
fathers, were two thousand and six
hundred and thirty. *^ These are
they that were nmubered of the fami-
lies of the sons of Gershon,'^ of all
that might do service in the taber-
nacle of the congregation, whom Mo-
ses and Aaron did number according
to the commandment of the Lord.

^^And those that were numbei'ed
of the families of the sons of Merari,
throughout their families, by the
house of their fathers, ^^from thirty
years old and upward even unto fifty
years old, every one that entereth
into the service, for the work in the
tabernacle of the congregation, '*^even
those that were numbered of them
after their families, were threeP thou-
sand and two hundred. '^^ These be
those that were numbered of the
families of the sons of Merari, A\hom
Moses and Aaron numbered according
to the word of the Lord by the hand
of Moses.

'"''All those that were numbered of
the Lcvites, whom Moses and Aaron
and the chief of Israel numbered, after
their families, and after tlic house of
their fathers, ■*''from thirty years old
and upward even unto fifty years old,

every one that came to do the service
of the ministry, and the service of
the burden in the tabernacle of the
congi'egation, '^evcn those that were
numbered of them, were eight thou-
sand and five hundred and fourscore.
*'-' According to the commandment
of the Lord they were numbered by
the hand of Moses, every one"" ac-
cording to his service, and according
to his burden : thus were they num-
bered of him, as the Lord com-
manded Moses.

v.]

The holiness required of God's wor-
shippers exemplified in laws against
uncleanness, 1 — 4 ; social injuries, 6 ;
and private wrongs, 12.

[116

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 2" Command the chil-
dren of Israel, that they put out of
the cainp'^ every leper, ^ and every
one that hath an issue, '^ and whoso-
ever is defiled by the dead :'' ^both
male and female shall ye put out,
without the camp shall ye put them ;
that they defile not tlieir camps, in
the midst whereof I dwell. "^

^And the children of Israel did
so, and put them out without the
camp : as the Lord spake unto Mo-
ses, so did the children of Isi*ael.

^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^"Bpeak unto the children
of Israel, When a man or woman
shall commit any sin that men com-
mit, to do a trespass" against the
Lord, and that person be guilty ;
''' then they shall confess/ their sin
which they have done : and he shall
I'ccompense his trespass with the
principal thereof, and add unto it
the fifth j)orf thereof, and give it
unto lilm against whom he hath tres-
passed. ^ Jjiit if the man have no
kinsman*^ to recomi)cnse the trespass
unto, let the trespass be recompensed
unto the Lord, even to the priest;
beside the ram^ of the atonement,
whereby an atonement shall be made
for him. ''And every oft'eringx of
all the holy things of the children of

r(There were three
camps ; 1 . The
shekinah or sanc-
tuary, " the gates
of the tents of the
Lord," 2Chr.31,

2. 2. The camp
of the Levites, ch.

3. 3. The camp
of Israel, ch. 1.)

b The priest

shall look, on
him, and pro-
nounce...Le. 13,
3. Ch. 12, 14.
(He was shut out
of the camp of
Israel and after-
wards out of the
cities. 2 Ki. 7,
3.)

c Because of

his issue he is
unclean. Le. 15,
2. (He might not
go 171 to the Le-
vites' camp.)

d ...lie shall be
unclean seven
days. Ch. 19,
11, 13, and 31,

19. (He might
not enter into the
sanctuary. The
water of separo/-
tion sufficed to
cleanse this case.
Ch. 19, 12.

e Le. 26, 11, 12.
2 Co. 6, 16.

V (As any of those
mentioned, Le. 6,
2,3.)

/And it shall be,
when he shall
be guilty in one
of these things,
that he shall
confess.. ..Le. 5,
5. Jos. 7, 19.

(() (Which might
frequently hap-
pen when the
wronged persons
were proselytes.)

g lie shall bring
a ram without
blemish. ..Le. 6,
G.

Y Or, heave offer-
ing. P:x. 29, 28.
Le. 6, 17, &c.,
and 7, 6, &c. Ch.
18, 8, &c. De.
18, 8. Eze. 44,
29.

172

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

NUMBERS.

J NU. 4, 36.
( 5, 31.

h And (lu')

sliiill ent it ill
till' holy place,
bccmise it is
Hiis) (liio Riul
(liis) sons' Jut'...
Lo. 10, 13.

|( (Sueh were
tliiiii/s s'pnratrd
liif vow, Lp. 27,
'21. d- Jirstfruit.1,
Nil. 18, 1-i.;

u (In a nation
II h- IK xuccinsion
to liiniied proper-
t;i vent enlireli/
bi/ liirth, luluHcry
WII.1 considertd a
great social
wrong, against
wli ich society pro-
t' ciril itself by
much severer pr-
niiUiea than at-
tended an iin-
c/iasle act not in-
volving the same
aiiitingencics.
Kitto's Ci/c.
Lu. 18, 20.)

a (That is, a Jea-
lous mind, as" the
spirit of meek-
uiss" signifies a
meek spirit or
temper. Ga. C,
1.)

fi (Hetfikrning sor-
row.)

i Job 3, 23; 13,23.

y (ft, the offering.)

S (U'nler out of
till laver. Ex.
30, 18.)

( (Waters of bit-
terness, i.e., wa-
trr which brings
destruction.
Mnurcr. The
trial by the bitter
tealer was proba-
bly a aistom
prior to Moses,
and adopted by
him to bring it
under legal con-
trol. Jewish
writers say t/iat
the women so
dreaded this or-
deal that they ,i-
voided it by con-
fession, and it no
fell into disuse.)

f Or, being in the
power of thy hus-
band. Ro.7, 2.
Hcb., under tliy
husband.

Israel, wliidi tlioy briiij^ unto the
l)riest, shall he his.'' i" And ovorv
man's hallowed"'' thinfjjs shall he his :
whatsoever any man giveth the priest,
it shall he his."

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '-"►Speak unto the children
of Israel, and say unto them, If any
man's wife go aside, and commit a
trespass against him, '^and a man
lie with her carnally,'" and it he hid
from the eyes of her hushand, and
he kept close, and she he defiled, and
tliere be no witness against her, nei-
ther she he taken ivith the manner ;
'' and the spirit of jealousy'' come
upon him, and he he jealous of his
wife, and she he defiled : or if the
spirit of jealousy come upon him,
and he he jealous of his wife, and
she he not defiled : '^ then shall the
man bring his wife unto the priest,
and he shall bring her ofi'ering for
her, the tenth jfart of an ephah of
barley meal ; he shall pour no oil
upon it, nor put frankincense there-
on ;^ for it is an offering of jealousy,
an offering of memorial, bringing ini-
quity to remenibranee.' '''And the
priest shall bring her near, and set
lierY before the Loud : ^'' and the
priest shall take holy* water in an
earthen vessel ; and of the dust that
is in the floor of the tabernacle the
priest shall take, and put it into the
water : '** and the priest shall set the
woman before the Loud, and uncover
the woman's head, and put the offer-
ing of memorial in her hands, Avhich
is the jealousy offering: and the priest
shall have in his hand the bittei**
water that causeth the curse : '"' and
the priest shall charge her by an oath,
and say unto the woman. If no man
have lain with thee, and if thou hast
not gone aside to uncleanness icit/i
another instead^ of thy husband, hv
thou free from this bitter water that
causeth the curse : '-"but if thou hast
gone aside to another instead of thy
husband, and if thou be defiled, and

some man have lain with thee beside
thine hushaiul: '-'(then the priest shall
charge^' the woman with an oath of
cursing, and the priest shall say unto
the woman,) Tho J^oud make thee a
cur.se and an oath aiiKjiig thy people,
when the, Loitn doth make tiiy tliigli
to rot,'' and thy belly to swell ; -"-'and
this water that causeth the curse
shall go into thy bowels,' to make
thi/ belly to swell, and thy thigh to
rot; and the woman shall say. Amen,
amen. ''^'^And the priest shall write
these curses in a book,^ and he shall
Itlot them out with the bitter water:
'-'^and he shall cause the woman to
drink the bitter' water that causeth
the curse : and the Avater that causeth
the curse shall enter into her, and
become bitter. '-^^Then the priest shall
take the jealousy offering out of the
woman's hand, and shall wave the
offering before the Loud, and oft'er it
upon the altar : -^and the priest shall
take an handful of the offering, even
the memorial thereof, and burn it
upon the altar, and afterward shall
cause the woman to drink* the water.
■'^'^And when he hath made her to
drink the water, then it shall come
to pass, that., if she be defiled, and
have done trespass against her hus-
band, that the water that causeth the
curse shall enter into her, and become
bitter, and her belly shall swell, and
her thigh shall rot : and the woman
shall be a cursc^ among her people.
''^*'And if the woman be not defiled,
but be clean ; then she shall be free,
and shall conceive seed."

^' This is the law of jealousies,
when a wife goeth aside to another
instead of her husband, and is de-
filed; "^^ or when the spirit of jealousy
cometli upon him, and he be jealous
over his wife, and shall set the woman
before the l^oiu), and the priest sliall
execute upon her all this law. "" Tlien
shall the man he guiltless from ini-
quity, and this woman shall bear her
iniquity.

k Joshua nil-

jiired los. (),

2ri. Siiiil a.l-
juri-il the proplr.
l.Sa. U, 21. .Ni-.
10, jy. (So Je-
remiah predicts
of the false pro-
phets)...Of them
kIiiiII ))(• tuki'ii
tip a c-iirso.. .tin-
Li >ui> iiiakr thro
liki'7.i(Ukiah<k
like Aliab....Je.
2t), 22.

., llel)., /<!?;.

I Ps. 109, 18.

6 (So a scroll or
parchment, or
small writing,
was allied anumg
the Jews. De.
24, 1.)

I (The water of
Jealousy, how-
ever unpleasant,
was prepared in
a prescribed man-
ner with ingre-
dients known to
alt to be perfectly
innocuous. It

could tiot there-
fore inju re the
innocent. Kittu's
Cyc.)

K (Adultery, in
the symbolical
language of the
Old Testament,
mejtns idolatry
and apostacy
from the worship
of the true Ood,
Is. 1, 21. Jo. 3,
8. Eze. IG, 32 ;
23, 37. Kc. 2, 22,
the connection be-
tween Gal d. His
people being con-
sidtred as a nuir-
riage between
Him and them.
So al.w an adul-
terous generation
means a faithless
and impious gen-
eration. Kitto'a
Cyc.)

\ (For the idola-
tries of If is peo-
ple the Ixird de-
clared), I will
deliver them t.>
Ih- n-niovod into
nil thekinploms
of the eiiith for
their hurt, to \n'
a reproach and
a proverb, a
taunt & a riirse,
ill all places
whither I shall
ilrivc thum. Jc.
2«, 9.

173

NU. 6,1. I

7, 24. 1

NUMBERS.

r A.M. 3834.
L B.C. 1607.

Ij, Or, malce them-
selves Xazarites.
(Separated to a
greati-r measure
of sanctity and
obedience.) (Sam-
son was to) be a
Nazarite unto
God from tlie

womb Ju. 13,

5. Le. 27, 2. Ac.
21, 23. Ko. 1, 1.

V (The Kazarit'!
was probably de-
sigmd to be a Uv-
iny type of holi-
ness, as was the
lepir of sin.
Hence his acts of
self-denial, dx.,
were symbolical.)

m He (John)

shall be great in
the sight of the
Lord, and shall
drink neither
wine nor strong
drink ; and he
sliall be filled
with the lloh'
Ghost,even from
his mother's
womb. Lu. 1, 15.

n (The Lord said
unto Judah,) Ye
gave the Naza-
rites wine to
drink. Am. 2,
12. La. 4, 7.

f Or, Nazariti-
ship.

olii'h., vine of the
wine. (Vine be-
ing the genus.)

p (The Angel said
to the mother of
Samson,) .... He-
ware. ...& drink
not wine nf)r
strong drink, &
eat not any un-
clean thing: for,
lo, thou slialt
conceive, & bear
a son ; and no
razf)r shall come

on his head

-Ju. 13, 4, 5, and
16, 17. 1 Sa. 1,
11.

7L0.2I, 11. Ch.
19, 11, Ui.

-■ Le. 21, 1, 2, 11.
C'h.y, 0.

T Ileb., separa-
tion.

s Ac. 18, 18, and
21, 24.

3 (Contracted a
legal defilement
by the dead.)

a (Sanctify his
head aneto.)

174

■yj "I The propriety of extraordinary fl I 7
J efforts to subdue passion exempli- \_ '
fied in the case of the Nazarites.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '^" Speak unto the eliil-
dren of Israel, and say nnto them.
When either man or woman shall
separate'^ themselves to vow a vow of
a Nazarite," to separate™ themselves
unto the Lord : ^ he shall separate
himself from wine" and strong di-ink,
and shall di'ink no vinegar of wine,
or vinegar of strong drink, neither
shall he drink any liquor of gi-apes,
nor eat moist grapes, or dried. '^All
the days of his separation^ sliall he
eat nothing that is made of the vine°
tree, from the kernels even to the
husk. ^All the days of the vow of
his separation there shall no razor
come upon his head: until the days
be fulfilled, in the which he sepa-
rateth himself unto the Lord, he
shall be holy, and shall let the locks
of the hair of his head grow.P ^All
the days that he separateth himself
unto the Lord he shall come at no
dead body.? ^ He shall not make
himself unclean'' for his father, or
for his mother, for his brother, or
for his sister, when they die: because
the consecration'^ of his God is upon
his head. ^All the days of his sepa-
ration he is holy unto the Lord.

'^And if any man die very sud-
denly by him, and he hath defiled
the head of his consecration ; then
he shall shave' his head in the day
of his cleansing, on the seventh day
shall he shave it. ^^ And on the
eighth day he shall bring two turtles,
or two young pigeons, to the priest,
to the door of the tabernacle of the
congi-egation : ^^ and the priest shall
offer the one for a sin offering, and
the other for a burnt offering, and
make an atonement for him, for that
he sinnedP by the dead, and shall
hallow"^ his head that same day.
^-And he shall consecrate unto the
Lord the days of his separation, and
shall bi'ing a lamb of the first year

for a trespass oftcring : but the days
that were before shall be lost,'^ be-
cause his separation was defiled.

^^And this is the law of the Naza-
rite, when the days of his separation
are fulfilled : he shall be brought
unto the door of the tabernacle of
the congregation; ^'*and he shall offer
his ofltering" unto the Lord, one he
lamb of the first year without ble-
mish for a burnt offering, and one
ewe lamb of the first year without
blemish for a sin offering, and one
ram without blemish for peace offer-
ings, ^^and a basket of unleavened
bread, cakes of fine flour mingled
with oil, and wafers of unleavened
bread anointed with oil, and their
meat offering, and their drink ofter-
ings.^ ^"iVnd the priest shall bring
them before the Lord, and shall offer
his sin offering, and his burnt offer-
ing : ^'' and he shall offer the ram for
a sacrifice of peace offerings unto the
Lord, with the basket of unleavened
bread : the priest shall offer also his
meat offering, and his drink offering.

^^ And the Nazarite shall shave^
the head of his separation at the door
of the tabernacle of the congregation,
and shall take the hair of the head
of his separation, and put it in the
fire which is under the sacrifice of
the peace offerings. ^^ And the priest
shall take the sodden" shoulder of
the ram, and one unleavened cake
out of the basket, and one unleavened
wafer, and shall put them upon the
hands of the Nazarite, after the hair
of his separation is shaven : '^^ and
the priest shall wave them for a
wave offering before the Lord : this
is holy for the priest, with the wave
breast and heave shoulder : and after
that the Nazarite may drink wine."

^^This is the law of the Nazarite
who hath voAved, and of his offering
unto the Lord for his separation,
beside that that his hand shall get :
according to the vow which he vowed,
so he must do after the law of his
separation.

T lUh.,fnll.

V (iris offering nf
jjraise, or peace
offering, for his
having perform-
ed his VOID and
his expiatory of-
ferings, in token
of his need of
God's pardon,
even when he had
done his best.)
Ac. 21, 24.

f (That is, besides
tvhat is mentioned
before the ordi-
nary meat-offer-
ings and drink-
offerings. See
ch. xxviii.)

t Paul took the
("four men which
had a vow on
thorn), and. ..pu-
rifying himself
with tiiem enter-
ed into the tem-
ple, to signify
tlie accomplish-
ment of the days
of purification,
(at the end nf
v-'hich) an offer-
ing (was) offered
for every one of
tliem. Ac. 21,
26.

u (Hophni and
Phinehas said)
"Give flesh to
roast for the
priest ; for he
will not have
sodden flesh of
thee, but raw."
1 Sa. 2, 15.

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

NUMBERS.

' NU. 6, 1.
X 7, 24.

V Aarnii lifUil ii|>
his liHlid tiiwanl
till" in'iijilo. anil
liU'Ssoil tlicm....
\A.'.\-Zi. U'hr.

to I's.121,7. .111".
17, 11.

X I's. 31, l(i; G7,
1; H), 3; & nil,
135. Da. 9, 17.

y Anil nil ]ioi>])lo
(il'tliooartlislmll
see tliat tliiiu art
call.ii by till'
nauii' of till'
I.,iii!ii; aivl fliev
shall bu atVaiil
or thoe. l>i'. -'.S.
10. 2(.'hr. 7,14.
ls.4:t, 7. Da. 9,
IS. 19. I's. 116.
12. (Thislltref-
J'lilil hltssiiig coti-
VI IIS no iiulist Inct
iiilimittiuii of the
Trinity of per-
sons in the God-
haid.)

z In the fir.'it

nii'iith in tlio .so-
coud venr, iiM the
first day of the
ni..ntli..'..thi' ta-
Ix'niacle was
reari'd up. Kx.
40. 17. (TAe

polling and cou-
lee ration occu-
pied four or five
d"'/^, and the, of-
'IS, eh. 7, 2.
' daijs. .Mo-
took the aii-
' iiitiiig oil, and
iin.iiited the ta-
' ■ 1 nacle, and all
' wa.s there-
Ill sanctilied
1. Le. 8, 10.

///< offerings
'lie various
rs were
■ in the order

'"; respective
<,asarrang-
lund the ta-
icle by tlie
tly imposed
)

'i., ivfio stood
3fo9cs and

A.M.SSM. n.c. 1(507.
furm of blessing the people.

[11^

22 And the Loud spake unto Moses,
saying, ^J* " t^poak unto Aaron and
unto liis sons, saying-, On this wise''
ye shall bless the children of Israel,
saying unto them, 2* The Loud bless
thee, and keep'" thee : '^^ the Loud
make His lace shine/ upon thee, and
be gracious unto thee : ^iJthe Lord
lift up His countenance upon thee,
and give thee peace. 27^Ynd they
shall put My Nainc^ upon the chil-
dren of Israel ; and I will bless
them."

YJT 1 A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607. fllQ

V ±X.J J■]^g gijig gj- (Iff pfopie through \_i- i- "

their representative princes.

AND it came to pass on tlic day-
that Moses had fully set up tlie
tabernacle, and had anointed it, and
sanctified it, and all the instruments
thereof, both the altar and all the
vessels thereof, and had anointed
them, and sanctified them; ^ that the
princes'^ of Israel, heads of the house
of their fathers, who were the princes
of the tribes, andx were over them
that were numbered, oftered : ^ and
they brought their otfering before the
Lord, six covered wagons, and twelve
oxen ; a wagon for two of the princes,
and for each one an ox : and they
brought them before the tabernacle.

*And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ''"Take it of them, that they
may be to do the service of the taber-
nacle of the congregation : and thou
shalt give them unto the Levites, to
every man according to his service."

®And Moses took the wagons and
the oxen, and gave them unto the
Levites. '' Two wagons and four oxen
he gave unto the sons of Gershon,
according to their service.

^And four wagons and eight oxen
he gave unto the sons of Merari,
according unto their service, under
the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron
the priest.

^ But unto the sons of Kohath he

gave none : because the service of
the sanctuary belonging unto them
was that they should bear upon their
shoulders."

^"And the princes offered'' for dedi-
cating of the altar in the day that it
was anointed, even the jjrinces offered
their oftering before the altar,"

^^Aiid the Lord said unto Moses,
"They shall otfer their offering, each
prince on his day, for the dedicating'^
of the altar."

^2 And he that oftered his offering
the first day"" was Nahshon the son
of Ainminadab, of the tribe of Judali :
^^ and his oftering was one silver
charger,^ the weight thereof was an
hundred and thirty shekels, one silver
bowlv of seventy shekels, after the
shekel of the sanctuary; both of them
iccre full of fine flour mingled with
oil for a meat oftering : ^■*one spoon^
of ten shekels of gold, full of incense :
^•^one young bullock, one ram, one
lamb of the first year, for a burnt
oftering: ^*^onc kid of the goats for
a sin oftering : ^' and for a sacrifice
of peace ofterings, two oxen, five
rams, five he goats, five lambs of the
first year : this was the oftering of
Nahshon the son of Amminadab.

^^ On the second day Nethaneel the
son of Zuar, prince of Issachar, did
ofter : ^^ he oftered for his oftering
one silver charger, the weight whereof
teas an hundred and thirty shekels,
one silver bowl of seventy shekels,
after the sliektd of the sanctuary ;
both of them full of fine flour min-
gled with oil for a meat otfering :
■■^^one spoon of gold of ten shekels,
full of incense : 2> one young bullock,
one ram, one lamb of the first year,
for a burnt oftering : -- one kid of the
goats for a sin oftering : '^ and for a
sacrifice of peace otVerings, two oxen,
five rams, five he goats, five lambs
of the first year : tliis teas the ofter-
ing of Nethaneel the son of Zuar.

2* On the third day Eliab the son

« It isnottocnrr)'

the ark hut

for the I.eviteH.
IClir. 15, 2 mar.
For becnuBc ye
did it not at the
first, the Litim
our God made a
breach upon uR,
for that we
soii(;ht lliin not
after the due
order. 1 Chr. 1.5.
13. They (had)
made the ark to
ride (in a cart).

1 Chr. 13, 7 Mar.

I> Solomon offered
a sacrifiee of
peare offer! ufrs,
which he offered
unto the l..ii:ii,
two and twenty
thousand oxen,
and an hundred
and twenty thou-
Kand sheep. ,'^o
the kiiif; and all
Israel dedi-
cated the hou.se
of the LoKi). 1
Ki. 8, (i!. Ezr.
(i, IG. Ne. 12, 27.
I's. 30, title.

yj) (Things are
said l/> be de-li-
cal'd when they
are first npplietl
to their right tiul
and use, and sucli
dedic/ilions have,
in things of great
vioment, been ar-
companieil with
solemn ejcpre.i-
sitms of joy aiut
devotion. 2 Chr.
7, 5. Ezr. 6, 16.

2 M.1C. 4, M.
Juo. 10, 22.
Kidder.)

w (The princes
offered eaih on a
dtiy by himsilf,
so that thry were
twt Ivr days bring-
ing in their re-
spective offer-
ings.)

fi(This occurs in
this chitptir and
Ezr. 1. 9. Mat.
14,8. Ma. f..2fi;
in the .^ensc of u
large dish.)

y (^<iPr either for
sacrificial pur-
poses or for
drinking. Ex.
38, .S. Ch.4,U.
Lee.)

i (Incense pot.
Geddes. Baaon
or phial. Lcc.)

NU. 7, 25. 1
7, 87. i

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3834.
t B.C. 1607.

e (Envy and ill-
will, vnin-boast-
ing and contemjit
of each other, are
very incident to
men of equal au-
thority and place,
tahen they are to
represent their
several tribes and
families, and ex-
press their muni-
ficence. For the
preventing of
v}hich,aml of any
occasion thereof,
we have an inti-
mation of these
following reme-
dies; 1. Th^ or-
der in which they
were to offer wns
provided for hy
placing them a-
bout the sanctu-
ary by divine ap-
pointment, ch. ii.

2. Sovie of their
gifts were pre-
sented together,
viz., the wagons
and the oxen, ve.

3, 6. 3. Their
gifts were all
equal. 4. There
is a particular
recital of the
things which
every prince of-
fered at large.
5. The first offi-
cer, who was most
likely to be en-
vied, is not called
a prince, ve. 12.
Kidder.)

e (Bezaleel)

made the vessels
wliich were up-
on the table

dishes ... spoons
bowls... and cov-
ers... E.\. 37, IG.

rj (Some think tfuil
this was a platter
on which the loaf
was placed,olhers
a bowl in which
the paste was
kneaded.)

9 Lit., sprinkling
vessel, into ivhich
the blood vjas re-
ceived that it
might thence be
sprinkled upon
the people. I'ic.
Bib.

dEx. 25, 29; 27,
3.

e Noahbnildodan
altar unto th((
Loud; and took
of eveiy clean
beast and of ev-
ery clean fowl,
and offered burnt
offerings on tlie
altar. Ge. 8, 20.

/IKi. 8, 63.

of llclon, prince of the clilklrcn of
Zebulun, did offer : ^^ his ottering
was one silver charger, tlic weight
whereof xoas an hundred and thirty
shekels, one silver bowl of seventy
shekels, after the shehcil of the sanc-
tuary ; both of them full of fine flour
mingled with oil for a meat ottering :
'^^ one golden spoon of ten shekels,
full of incense : 2'' one young bullock,
one ram, one lamb of the first year,
for a burnt ottering : ^^one kid of the
goats for a sin ottering : ^^and for a
sacrifice of peace otterings, two oxen,
five rams, five he goats, five lambs
of the first year : this was the offer-
ing of Eliab the son of Helen.

30 On the fourth day Elizur the son
of Shedeur, prince of the children of
Reuben,^ did offer: ^Miis ottering was
one silver charger of the weight of
an hundred and thirty shekels, one
silver bowl of seventy shekels, after
the shekel of the sanctuary ; both of
them full of fine flour mingled with
oil for a meat ottering : ^^ one golden
spoon of ten shekels, full of incense :
3^ one young bullock, one ram, one
lamb of the first year, for a burnt
ottering : ^^ one kid of the goats for
a sin ottering : ^^ and for a sacrifice
of peace otterings, two oxen, five
rams, five he goats, five lambs of
the first year : this was the offering
of Elizur the son of Shedem-.

36 On the fifth day Shelumiel the
son of Zurlshaddai, prince of the
children of Simeon, did offer : ^^his
ottering was one silver '^charger,'' the
weight whereof was an hundred and
thirty shekels, one silver bowF of
seventy shekels, after the shekel of
the sanctuary ; both of tliem fidl of
fine flour mingled Avith oil for a meat
ottering : ^^one golden spoon^^ of ten
.shekels, full of incense : ^o one young
bullock,* one ram, one lamb of the
first year, for a burnt offering : ^"^one
kid of the goats for a sin ottering :
■^^ and for a sacrifice of peace offerings,/
two oxen, five rams, five he goats.

five lambs of the first year : this icas
the ottering of Shelumiel the son of
Ziu'ishaddai.

^-On the sixth day Eliasaph the
son of Deuel, pi'ince of the children
of Gad, offered: ^^hig ottering was
one silver charger of the weight of
an hundred and thirty shekels, a silver
bowl of seventy shekels, after the
shekel of the sanctuary ; both of them
full of fine flour mingled with oil for
a meat ottering : ''^one golden spoon
of ten shekels, full of incense : ^•''one
young bullock,^' one ram, one lamb'*
of the first year, for a burnt ottering :
■^'^one kid of the goats for a sin otter-
ing : ^'' and for a sacrifice of peace'
otterings, two oxen, five rams, five
he goats, five lambs of the first year :
this was the offei'ing of Eliasaph the
son of Deuel.

^^ On the seventh day Elishama"-
the son of Ammihud, prince of the
children of Ephraim, offered : ^^ his
ottering was one" silver charger, the
weight whereof was an hundred and
thirty shekels, one silver bowl of
seventy shekels, after the shekel of
the sanctuary ; both of them full of
fine flour mingled with oil for a meat
ottering : ^"^one golden spoon of ten
shekels, full of incense :'' ^^ one young
bullock, one ram, one lamb of the
first year, for a burnt offering: ^^one
kid of the goats for a sin ottering :
^3 and for a sacrifice of peace otterings,
two oxen, five rams, five he goats,
five lambs of the first year : this was
the ottering of Elishama the son of
Ammihud.

^* On the eighth day offered Gama-
liel the son of Pedahzur, prince of
the children of Manasseh: ^^his otter-
ing was one silver charger of the
weight of an hundred and thirty
shekels, one silver bowl of seventy
shekels, after the shekel of the sanc-
tuary ; both of them full of fine flour
mingled with oil for a meat ottering :
''''one golden spoon of ten shekels.

g "Will I rat the
flesh of bulls, or
drink the blood
of goats ? offer
unto Ciod
thanksgiving ...
Ps. 50, 13, 14.

h He hath made
Him to be sin

for us who knew
no sin ; that we
might be made
the righteous-
ness of God in
Him. 2 Co. 5, 21.

i ...Ye who (for-
merly) were far
offare made nigh
by the blood of
Christ, for He is
our peace... Ep.
2, 13, 14,

I (The different
tribes brought
their offerings
precisely in the
order in which
tliey were en-
camped about the
tabernacle. See
ch. 2 and 10.)

K (Every tribe of-
fers the same
kind of offering,
and in the same
quantity, to shew
that as every
tribe was equally
indebted to God
for its sujiport,
so each should
testify an equal
sense of obliga-
tion. Clarke.)

k From the rising
of the sun even
unto the going
down of the
same, My name
shall be great
among the Gen-
tiles; and in
every place in-
cense shall be
offered unto My
name and a pure
offering. Mai. 1,
11.

176

A.M. 3834. }

B.C. 1607. ;

NUMBERS.

fNU. 7,25,
1 7, 87.

I Hy Him. ..let us
(iltVr tlio sncri-
licr of pniisi' tn
(icHlcuiitiiiually,
thiit is, tlic
fruit of our lips
giving tlmnlts to
His imiuu. Hu.
13, 15.

m ...Hedcenied...
witli tlie pre-
cious blood of
t'lirist as of a
Inuil) without
blrmish & with-
out spot. 1 Pc.
1, 19.

I Tlicy shall
bring all your
bn'tliren for an
otli'ringunto tho
Lord, out of all
nations. ..as the
children of Is-
raid bring an
olTering in a
elrau vessel in-
to the bouse of
the Lord. Is.66,
20.

\ (The vessels
were all sacrifi-
cial vessels, and
the animals were
all cUati anim/ils
such as were pro-
per/or saerijices;
and all inteniUd
to point ont l/int
the periple were
to be a hilly peo-
ple, /iitf.y deili-
cated to God, and
thai God was to
dwell amimi/
them. Clarke.;

o In the midst of
the week 1 1 e
shall cause the
sacrifice and (di-
lation to cease
...Da. 9, 27.

I (Or.ly the fat
parts of this ut re
consumed. A
tmall part teas
appropriated to
the priest, and
the rest iras al-
lowed to the offer-
er and h is yutsls
an offering
fiatt, whence

le translators
pr^er to trans-
me "feast sa-
crifice " instead
Ofpeaee offering.
ric Bib.) Sec
Le. 7, 13. Pr.
7,14.

full' of Incen.sc : '''^one yoiinjj^ bullock,
one rain, one lamb"* of the fir.st year,
for a burnt offerinj;^: ^onc kid of the
goats for a sin otVering : ^'■'and for a
sacrifice of jieace offerings, two oxen,
five rams, five he goats, five lambs
of the first year : this tvas the offer-
ing of Gamaliel the son of Pedahzur.

^On the ninth day Abidan the
son of Gideoni, prince of the children
of Benjamin, oj) creel: "^^ his offering"
was one silver charger, the weight
whereof ivas an luindred and thirty
shekels., one silver bowl of seventy
shekels, after the shekel of the sanc-
tuary ; both of them full of fine flom*
mingled with oil for a meat offering :
''- one golden spoon of ten shekels,
full of incense : '^'one young bullock,
one ram, one lamb of the first year,
for a burnt offering : ''^one kid of the
goats for a sin offering : ^^ and for a
sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen,
five rams, five he goats, five lambs
of the first year : this icas the offer-
ing of Abidan the son of Gideoni.

^On the tenth day Ahiezer the
son of Ammishaddai, prince of the
children of Dan, oJfWed : ''^his offer-
ing^ tras one silver charger, the
weight whereof was an hundred and
thirty shekels, one silver bowl of
seventy shekels, after the shekel of
the sanctuary ; both of them full of
fine flour mingled with oil for a meat
offering : •^'^one golden spoon of ten
shekels, full of incense: ''"•'one young
bullock, one ram, one lamb of the
first year, for a burnt offering :" ™one
kid of the goats for a sin offering :
'^^and for a sacrifice of peace'* offer-
ings, two oxen, five rams, five he
goats, five lambs of the first year :
this was the offering of Ahiezer the
son of Ammishaddai.

^2 On the eleventh day Pagiel the
son of Ocran, prince of the children
of A slier, offered: "his offering ?rrts
one silver charger, the weight wliereof
was an huiubx'd and thirty shekels,

one silver bowl of sevent}' shekels,
after the shekel of the sanctuary ;
both of them full of fine flour mingled"
with oil for a meat olleriiig : '^ one
golden spoon of ten shekels, full of
incense : ''^ one young bullock, one
ram, one lamlV' of the first year, for
a burnt offering: ''•'one kid of the
goats for a sin otVering : '^"aiid for a
saci'ifice of peace offerings, two oxen,
five rams, five he goats, five lambs
of the first year : this icas the otrei'-
iiig of Pagiel the son of Ocran.

''^On the twelfth day Ahira the
son of Enan, prince of the children
of Naphtali, offered: ™his offering
was one silver charger, the weight
whereof was an hundred and thirtv
shekels, one silver bowl of seventy
shekels, after the shekel of the sanc-
tuary ; both of them full of fine flour
mingled with oil for a meat olVering :
^*^one golden spoon of ten shekels, full
of incense : *'^one young bullock, one
ram, one lamb of the first year, for
a burnt offering : ^- one kid of the
goats for a sin offering : ^^ and for a
sacrifice of peace offerings, two oxen,
five rams, five he goats, five lambs
of the first year : this was the offering
of Ahira the son of Enan.

^^ This icas the dedication'? of the
altar, in the day^ when it was a-
nointed, by the princes of Israel :
twelve chargers of silver, twelve
silver bowls, twelve spoons of gold :
^ each charger of silver iceirjhing an
hundred and thirty shekels," each
bowl seventy -J" all the sih er vessels
weighed two*" thousandP and four hun-
dred shekels, after the shekel of the
sanctuary: *^'the golden spoons iccre
twelve, full of incense, iccighiug ten"^
shekels apiece, after the shekel of the
sanctuary : all the gold of the spoons
icas an hundred'' and twenty shekels.
^ All the oxen for the burnt offering
were twelve bullocks, the rams twelve,
the lambs of the first year twelve,
with their meat offering : and tlie
kids of the goats for sin offering

V (The fine flour
mingled with oil
mny remind us of
the State of the
Christian, subject
to and in union
irith the Spirit ;
" the oil of glad-
ms'i."

I's. 45,7. lie. 1,
9.)

;) nehnld the
J.anib of God
which taketh a-
way the sin of
the world. Juo.
1, 29.

7 1 Chr. 29, 6, 8.
Kzr. 2, 68, 69.
Ne. 7, 70, 72. Is.
GO, 6, 10. lie.
1.!, 10. Re. 21,
11.

f (.is the princes
offered each on a
day by himself,
they were twelv
days in bringing
in their respec-
tive off t rings, d-
as the camp be-
gin to move on
the twenlielfi dai/
(eh. 10, 11), the
offerings were
over probably a
day or two before
the twentieth, and
must therefore
luwe begun about
the fifth or sixth
day. Sluickford. I

0 (About seventy-
five ounces.)

ir (A bout forty
ounces.)

r In my trouble
(pofrrly, mar.) I
have prepared
for the house of

the Lord a

thousand thou-
sand talents of
silver; and brass
and irfin without
weight... tinil)er
also and stone...
1 Chr. 22, 14; <t
29, 4—7. Kzr. 8,
25.

p (About one thou-
sand three hun-
drejl and ninety-
three ounces.)

<r (.iliove fiv
minces.)

T (About sirly
nine ounces.)

177

2 A

NU. 7, 88. 1
9, 14. 1"

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3834.
1 B.C. 1607.

r That is, God.

s- With him (Mo-
ses) will I speak
mmith tonioutli,
even apparent-
ly, aiul not in
(lark speeches ;
anil tlie simili-
tude otthe Loiti)
shall he behold.
Ch. 12, 8.

; I will commune
with thee from
above the mercy
seat... Ex. 25, 22.
Le. 1, 1. Nu. 1,
1. He. 4, 16.

u Ex. 25, 18, 21.
1 Sa. 4, 4. 1 Ki.
6, 23. 2 Chr. 3,
10, 13. Ps. 80, 1.

V The Lord spake
unto Jloses face
to face, as a man
speaketh unto
his friend. Ex.
;«, 11. Ch.12,8.

w ... Thou shalt
make the seven
lamps thereof :
and they shall
light tlie lamps
...that they may
Rive light. ..E.\.
25, 37, and 40,
25.

V (That is, enlif/ht-
en oil the room
that is opposite
to it, viz., to the
other side of the
sanctuary, which
had no windows,
where the table of
shev:bread stood)

X Thy AVord is a
lamp unto my
feet, and a light
unto my ]iath.
I's.119, 105. Is.
8, 20. Mat. 5,
14. Jno. 1, 9.
2 Pe. 1, 19.

y Ex. 25, 31, and
37, 17.

IS Re. 1, 13.

a 2 Co. 7, 1. ,Ta.
4,8. Ex. 19, 15.

X (Water mitujled
with the ashes of
a red heifer. See
ch. xix. He. 9,
13, 14.)

i/< Ileb., let them
cause a razor to
pass over, dc.
...And shave off
all his hair.. .Le.
14 8. Nu. 6, 9.

twelve. ^Ancl all the oxen for the
sacrifice of the peace ofterings loere
twenty and four bullocks, the rams
sixty, the he goats sixty, the lambs
of the first year sixty. This ivas the
dedication of the altar, after that it
was anointed.

^^And when Closes was gone into
the tabernacle of the congregation to
speak with Him,'' then he heard the
voice of One speaking unto^ him
from oft' the mercy seat' that ivas
upon the ark of testimony, from be-
tween the two cherubims :" and He
spake unto hiin.'^

VIII.]

A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607.

Consecration of the Levites.

[120

ND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Speak unto Aaron,
and say unto him. When thou lightest
the lamps,"" the seven lamps shall
give light" over against the candle-
stick."

^ And Aaron did so ; he lighted
the lamps* thereof over against the
candlestick, as the Lord commanded
Moses.

^ And this work^ of the candlestick^
was of beaten gold, unto the shaft
tliereof, unto the flowers thereof, was
beaten work : according unto the pat-
tern which the Lord liad shewed
Moses, so he made the candlestick.

^And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Take the Levites from
among the children of Israel, and
cleanse'' them. '^ And thus shalt
thou do unto them, to cleanse them :
Sprinkle waterx of purifying u])on
tliem, and let them shave''' all their
flesh, and let them wash their clotlies,
and so make themselves clean. ^ Tlien
let them take a young bullock with
his meat offering, eve,n fine flour min-
gled with oil, and another young
bullock shalt thou take for a sin
offering. ''And thou shalt bring tlie
Levites before the tabernacle of the
congi-egation : and thou shalt gather

the Avhole assembly* of the children
of Israel together : ^*^ and thou shalt
bring the Levites before the Lord :
and the children of Israel shall put"
their hands upon the Levites : ^^ and
Aaron shall offer" the Levites before
the Lord /or an offering^ of the chil-
dren of Israel, that they may execute^
the service of the Lord. -^^And the
Levites shall lay their hands'^ upon
the heads of the bullocks : and thou
shalt offer the omfor a sii/^ offering,
and the other for' a burnt^ offering,
unto the Lord, to make an atonement''
for the Levites, ^*^And thou shalt
set the Levites before Aaron, and
before his sons, and offer^ them for
an off'ering unto the Lord.

^^ Thus shalt thou separate^ the
Levites from among the children of
Israel : and the Levites shall be
Mine. ^^And after that shall the
Levites go in to do the service of
the tabernacle of the congregation :
and thou shalt cleanse them, and offer
them for an offering. ^^ For they
are wholly given unto Me from among
the children of I srael ; instead of such
as open every womb, even instead of
the firstborn of all the children of
Israel, have I taken them unto Me.
^'' For all the firstliorn of the children
of Israel are Mine,' both man and
beast: on the day that I smote every
firstborn in the land of Egypt I sanc-
tifieds them for Myself i^And I
have taken the Levites for all the
firstborn of the children of Israel.
^^And I have given the Levites as a
gift' to Aaron and to his sons from
among the children of Israel, to do
the service^ of the children of Israel
in the tabernacle of the congi-egation,
and to make an atonemenf for the
children of Israel : that there be no
plague^ among the children of Israel,
when the children of Israel come nigh
unto the sanctuary."

^^And Moses, and Aaron, and all
the congregation of the children of
Israel, did to the Levites according

h Le. 8, 3.

« (As the offerer
was wont to do
l»j his sacrifice.
" Ji'i this act,"
says Dr. Clarke,
"t/ieyhoimdthem-
selves to provide
for them who, be-
cause of their
sacred service,
could follow no
secular toork.")
1 Co. 9, 13.

a Ileb., ^cave.
Ch. 6, 20.

p Ileb., wave of-
fering. Ex. 29,
24. Le. 7, 30,
and 8, 27, 29.

y Ileb., they may
be to execute.
Ch. 1,49, 53, and
3, 5-43.

c Ex. 29, 10. Le.
1, 1, 4; 8, 14;
and 16, 21.

d It is not possi-
ble that the
blood of bulls &
(if goats should
take away sins.
He. 10, 4. Mi.
C, 6, 8.

e Le. 5, 7; 8, 14,
IS; 9, 7; and 14,
19—22.

/He. 10, 10.

[I Ro. 12, 1.

h Ch. 6, 2. De.
10, 8. Ro. 1, 1,
(ia. 1, 15. He,

7, 26.

i Ex. 13, 2. Ch,
3, 13. Lu. 2, 23,

5 (See the manner
of redeeming the
firstborn, ch. 18,
G.)

e HiO)., given.

f (Not to offer
sacrifices, but to
imike an atone-
ment as they win
istered to the
priests.)

rj (By their wor-
shipping God ac-
cording to His
directions in the
people's stead.)

I 2 Chr. 26, 16,
Ch. 1, 53; 16,
46; and 18, 6.
1 Sa. 6, 19.

178

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i"

NUMBERS.

f NU. 7, 88.
» 9, 14.

0 See ver. 13. (/(

jirolxMy eoii.iisl-
ed in Uiidinii
tliem to anil fro
about the all-ir,
intimating timt
tfify were trholl;/
dediffiteil to th'
Lonl.)

c (Though the In-
vites had fi'eii
most solemnly
cvnsf'rated, and
all Irijal wash inijs
and purijiiuitions
ire re duly ptr-
formed...yet they
could not a]>-
pronch Oiil till
an atonement hod
lirn made for
Ihrm. Clarke.)

m Ve. 15. 2 C'lir.
30, 1.5; 31, '2;
and 35, 8, 15.

K (At this age
they were admit-
tcti to serve, but
Were not obliged
to perform the
More burthen-
some duties be-
fore the age of
thirty. The five
years were pro-
iKiflonari/, cli. 4,
3.) 1 Chr. 23,
3, 24, 27.
A Hub., to war the
war/are of, rfr.
...Tliis charKf I
commit unto
tlice, Bon Timo-
thy...tliat thmi
(mayest) war a
gofMl warfare.
1 Ti. 1, 18.

IL llcb., return
from the war/are
of the service.
(They were dis-
eharged from the
service of the
"burden," but
were still obliged
to attend the sir-
vice of the "min-
Ulry," and to acl
as general direc-
tors and counsel-
lor.i.)

n Fx. 12, 2. I.P.
", 5. Ch. 28,
16. De. ir,, 1.

Hcb., between
tte two evenings.
Ex. 12, 6.

(This was
tpeeial keep-
vtg of the poss-
cuer, Jt was not
t^in observed
ring their a-
hode in the wil-
dtrnesa.) Jos. 6,
10.

(Which were
ftrpetual, not
fteutiar to that
w Egypt.)

unto all that tlio Lokd oominaiulecl
.Moses conconiiii;.^ tlic J.,cvites, .so did
the children of Israel luito them.
'-'And tlie Levites were purified, and
they washed their eh)tlies; and Aaron
oti'ered^ them as an ottering before the
Loud; and Aaron made an atonement'
for them to cleanse them. -^ And
after'" that went the Levites in to do
their service in the tiibernaclc of the
congregation before Aaron, and before
his sons: as the Loud had connnanded
Moses concerning the Levites, so did
they unto them.

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '^■*"This is it that hdongeth
unto the Levites : from twenty* and
five years old and upward they shall
go in to wait^ upon the service of the
tabernacle of the congregation: ^^and
from the age of fifty years they shall
ccase^ waiting upon the service there-
of.! and shall serve no more : ^" but
shall minister with their brethren in
the tabernacle of the congregation,
to keep the charge, and shall do no
service. Thus shalt thou do unto
the Levites touching their charge."

JY "I A.M. 3834. D.r. 1607. V^^^

■••-^•J Mount Sinai. |_l/wi

The second passover, hinting its sig-

nificancy of things future.

(Verses 1 — 14 of this chapter arc not transposed.

They make mentiim of the Passover wliich was

transferred, in tlie case of those persons wlio had

come to Muses in the first month, to the second,

tlie time of which had amvcd, viz., during tlie

time the princes were offerinjj, ch. vii.)

AND the Lord spake unto Moses
in the wilderness of Sinai, in the
first month of the second year after
they were come out of the land of
Egypt, saying, '^ " Let the children
of Israel also keep the passover" at
his appointed season. ^ In the four-
teenth day of this month, at even,"
ye shall keep it in his appointed
season : according to all the rites^ of
it, and according to all the ceremo-
nies thereof, shall ye keep it."

*And Moses spake unto the chil-
dren of Israel, that they should keep

the passover. ''And they kept the
passover on the fourteenth day of
the first month at ev(>n in tlie wilder-
ness of Sinai : acconling to all tliat
the Loud commanded Moses, so did
the children of Israel.

^And there were certain men, who
were defiled" by the dead body of a
man, that they could not keep the
passover on that day: and they came"
before Moses and before Aaron on
that day : ' and those men said unto
him, " We are defiled by the dead
body of a man : wherefore are we
kept back, that we may not olfer an
oftering of the Lord in his ap-
pointed season among the children of
Israel ?"

^'^Vnd Moses said unto them, ''Stand
still, and I will hear'' what the Lord
will command concerning you."

^ And the Lord spake unto Closes,
saying, ^"" Speak unto the children
of Israel, saying. If any man of you
or of your posterity shall be unclean
by reason of a dead body, or be in a
jom'ney afar off,"' yet he shall kee|y
the passover unto the Lord. ^'The
fom-teenth day of the second'? month
at even they shall keep it, and eat
it w'ith unleavened bread and bitter
herbs. '-They shall leave none of it
unto the morning, nor break'' any
bone of it : according to all the ordi-
nances'^ of the passover they shall
keep it. '^But the man that is clean,
and is not in a journey, and forbeareth
to keep the passover, even the same
soul shall be cut off from among his
people : becau.se he brought not the
ofiering of the Lord in his appointed
season, that man shall bear his sin.
'^And if a stranger'' shall sojourn
among you, and will keep the })ass-
over unto the Lord ; according to
the ordinance of the passover, and
according to the manner thereof, so"
shall he do : ye shall liave one ordi-
nance, both for the stranger, and for
him that Avas born in the land."

0 (The law which
ejceluded him that
was defiled hy th--
ditid mis not
vuide till tin se-
cond month.) Vh.
5, 2, and 1!), 11,
10. J no. 18, 2S.

o The people

Come unto mo fn
enquire of (iod.
K.X. IS, 15. Cli.
27, 2.

p (So) Moses

brouglit their
(the daiifrhters
of Zelophehnd;
cause before the
Loud. C'b.27,5.

rr (That he could
not be present at
the place whic/i
the Jjord should
choose.)

p (When his un-
clean ness is gone,
or when he has
returned, ve. 13.J

q (The principle
of this enactment
was acted on by
llezekiah) ... be-
cause the priests
had not sancti-
fied themselves
sufficiently, nei-
ther had the
people gathered
themselves to-
gether... 2 Chr.
•M, 3.

r Wlien they

came to Jesus,
and saw that lie
was dead al-
ready, they
lirake not His

legs that the

Scripture should
l)e fulfilled, " A
Ixine of Him
shall not Ik'
broken." Jno.
19, 33, 36.

<r(Thtse mentioned
are the standing
oriiinanrrs.Those
peculiar to Egypt
were, 1. Taking
the lamb on the
tenth day. 2.
Striking the blootl.

3. Loins ginletl.

4. Shoes on the

T (Who hail not
entirely emhrac^d
their religion, but
was no itMator.)

V (lie circumcised,
and his whole
family.)

179

. 9, 15. 1
11,1. i

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3834.
1 B.C. 1607.

X (Just prior to
the march we
have a repetition
of the language
respecting the
sii/nal, Ex. 13,
21, .«»nd 40, 38, of
inarching anil m-
campiny. This
preparation for
departure occur-
ring immediatehi
after the pass-
over would 7ia-
turally and im-
periously recnll

' the extraordinary
circumstances at-
tending the ex-
ode.)

t The Loud

will create upon
every dwelling
place of Mount
Zion, and upon
lier assemblies,
a cloud and
smoke by day,
and the shining
of a flaming fire

by night Is.

4,5.

u ...This is love,
th.at we walk
after His cora-

niandraents 2

.)no. 6.

<() Ilch.,prolongcd.
All our fa-
thers were un-
der the cloud...
1 Cor. 10, 1.

i// ....The charge
ofthetaheniacle
of testimony.
Ch. 1, 53, and 3,
8. (It zvas not
set up if they
stayed at a place
only a short time.
Dathe.)

V Heb., was.

w (TItough they
icere at rest in
their beds, if no-
tice were given oj'
the motion of thf
cloud they rose
up and vent of It r
it.) When the
cloud was taken
up from over the
tabernacle, the
children of Is-
rael went on-
ward in all their

journeys E,\.

40, .30, 37. I's.
80, 1, & 105, 39.

<o (Their removals
were irregular, <t
tltf. times of rest-
ing unequal, some
ht ingfor eigh teen
years, some only
for one day or
one night. They
were to march or
rest when or
where God saw
best.)

A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607.
Of how the Israelites were guided.

[12.2

^^AND on the day that the taber-
nacle was reared up the cloudx covered
the tabernacle, namely, the tent of
the testimony : and at eA'en there
was upon the tabernacle as it were
the appearance of fire, until the morn-
ing. ^^ So it was alway :* the cloud
covered it by day., and the appearance
of fire by night. ^'^And when the
cloud was taken up from the taber-
nacle, then after that the children of
Israel journeyed : and in the place
where the cloud abode, there the
children of Israel pitched their tents.
^^At the commandment of the Lord
the children of Israel joiu'iieyed, and
at the commandment of the Lord
they pitched : as long as the cloud
abode upon the tabernacle they rested"
in their tents. ^^ And when the cloud
tan-ied*^ long vipon the tabernacle
many days, then the children of Is-
rael kept the charge''' of the Lord,
and journeyed not. ^^ And so it was,
when the cloud was a few days upon
the tabernacle ; according to the com-
mandment of the Lord they abode in
their tents, and according to the
commandment of the Lord they jour-
neyed. '^^ And so it was, when the
cloud abode'' from even unto the
morning, and that the cloud was
taken up in the morning, then they
journeyed : whether it was by day
or by night"' that the cloud was taken
up, they journeyed. ^'"^Or whether
it were two days, or a month, or a
year, that the cloud tamed upon the
tabernacle, remaining thereon, the
children of Israel abode in their tents,
and journeyed not : but when it was
taken up, they journeyed. ^'^ At the
commandment" of the Lord they
rested in the tents, and at the com-
mandment of the Lord they jour-
neyed : they kept the charge of the
Lord, at the commandment of the
Lord by the hand of Moses.

Xn A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607. Kadesii, flOQ
•J fin the Wilderness of Paran.) \_i-^0
The silver trumpets made. The camp
marches onward.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,"
saying, ^ "Make thee two^ trum-
pets of silver ; of a whole pieced shalt
thou make them : that thou mayest
use them for the calling of the assem-
bly, 2' and for the journeying of the
camps. ^And when they shall blow
with them, all the assembly shall
assemble themselves to thee at the
door of the tabernacle of the congi-e-
gation. ^And if they blow but with
one trumpet., then the princes, ivhich
are heads of the thousands of Israel,
shall gather themselves unto thee.
^When ye blow an alarm,^ then the
camps that lie on the east* parts shall
go forward. ^When ye blow an
alarm the second time, then the camps
that lie on the south side^ shall take
their journey : they shall blow'' an
alarm for their journeys. ''But when
the congx'egation is to be gathered
together, ye shall blow, but ye shall
not sound an alann. ^And the sons
of Aaron, the priests,' shall blow
with the trumpets ; and they shall
be to you for an ordinance for ever
throughout your generations.

^ And if ye go to war in your land
against the enemy that oppresseth
you, then ye shall blow an alarm
with the trimipets ; and ye shall be
remembered before the Lord your
God, and ye shall be saved fi-om
your enemies, ^° Also in the day of
your gladness, and in your solemn
days, and in the beginnings of your
months, ye shall blow with the trum-
pets over your burnt ofterings, and
over the sacrifices of your peace offer-
ings ; that they may be to you for a
memorial before your God : I a7n the
Lord vour God."

A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607. Paran.

[124

^^AND it came to pass on the
twentieth^ day of the second month,
in the second year, that the cloud was

a (About the eigh-
teenth day of the
second month.)

P (Tlie sons of
Aaron at this
time were only
two; in the time
of Solomon there
were a hundred
& twenty priests
sounding v)ith
trumpets. 2Chr.
5, 12.)

7 (For the greater
strength and for
preserving the
more distinct and
separate sound.
1 Co. 14, 8.)

y (" The trum-
pets," says Heng-
stenberg, " had
of all instru-
ments the loudest,
strongest, and
most powerful
tone, and on this
account were used
when the Lord
had to say some-
thing of import-
ance to His peo-
ple, or when the
pciq)U came be-
fore Him in a
particularly live-
ly and excited
state of feeling.")

o (With an inier-
riqjtcd & a brok-
en or trembling
sound. X Sa. 4, 5.)

Ch. 2,

e (Judah.
3.)

( (Reuben).

7) (The use of the
trumpets for
ichat the Lord
had to say to His
people is treated
verses 2—8 ;
their use in what
His people had
to say to Him,
verses 9, 10.)

t (They alone, ch.
31, 6. Jos. 6, 4.

1 Chr. 15, 24.

2 Chr. 13, 12.
Trumpets were
used also on the
first and tenth
day of the seventh
month. Ch. 29,
1. Le. 25, 24;
and on other
great occasions.
Ex. 19, 13. &c.)

\ (Having stayed
in this twelfth
station one year
within thirteen
days.) Ex. 19, 1.
De. 1, 6, 7.)

180

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. j

NUMBERS.

JNU. 9,15.
1 11,1.

fi (Therewere two
stopping pliifts
hrtireen Simi i iinil
I\ira>i. Cll.

11, :U, 35, and
1'.', IG. Thenetirr
not mrtitionid
lirrr, heaiiise par-
ticulars are tint
ilwlt upon. It
is prohtble that
the irhok scetioii,
J'riym ch. x. 11 to
theendo/cli.xW.,
tPfis irrittetiaf'tir
the cantp was
pitchedinParan.)

V (The will ami
pleasure of Go<t
iras signified to
them by the re-
vwval of the cinud,
vc. 11,12, andhy
His express com-
mniul. The Loud
our God spake
unto us in IIo-
rcl), sayinf;, " Ye
have dwelt lonp
enough in tliis
mount : turn you,
and take your

journey." De.

1, C, 7.)

f That is, Th,

Grrshonites and
the Herarites.
See ve. 17. Cli.
1,51.

(This the;/ did,
that the ark and
other holi/ uten-
sils, carried hi/
the Kohalhitet,
might be forth -
tcith received into
their projier
placet. Kidder.)

S (This tribe teas
the rear • guard
lehile in camp; it
leas not so on the
march. Jmlnh
led the tribes be-
fore the sanctu-
org; Ephraim
those that fol-
lowed it.)

o (The N. Sid,;
ch. 4, 2, 6. J/ere

vtire collected. twh
0» tcere less able
*o fight, and those
Vho let re legally
Vndean. Ch.6, 2.
Jo8. 6, 9, 13.)

taken up from off tlio tabcvnaole of
tlic testimony. ^'-Aml the cliildren
of Israel took their journeys out of
the wilderness of Siiuii : and the cUiud
rested in the wilderness'^ of Paran.
'•''And they first took their journey
according to the commandment" of
the LoHi) by the hand of Moses. —
'■*In the first p/ace went the stand-
ard of the camp of the children of
Judah according to their armies: and
over his host icas Nahshon the son of
Amminadal). ^'^Aiid over the host
of the tribe of the children of Issa-
char u'cis Nethaneel the son of Zuar.
'^And over the host of the tribe of
the children of Zebalun icas Eliab
the son of Helon. '"^ And the taber-
nacle was taken down ; and the sons
of Gershon and the sons of Merari
set forward, bearing the tabernacle.

'^And the standard of the camp of
Reuben set forward according to their
armies : and over his host u-as Elizur
the son of Shedeur. '"''And over the
host of the tribe of the children of
Simeon was Shelumiel the son of Zu-
rishaddai. 2*^ And over the host of
the tribe of the children of Gad was
Kliasaph the son of Deuel. ^'And
the Kohathites set forward, bearing
the sanctuary : and the ot/tci-^ did set
up the tabernacle against they came.

'^^And the standard of the camp of
the children of I]phraim^ set forward
according to their armies : and over
his host was Klisluuna the son of
Ammihud. ^-^And over the host of
the tribe of the children of Manasseh
ivas Gamaliel the son of Pcdahzur.
^^And over the host of the tribe of
the children of Benjamin was Abidan
the son of (iideeni.

^^And the standard of the camp of
the children of Jja.; set forward,
which was the rcreward" of all the
camps throughout their ho^ts : and
over his host xcas Ahiezer the son of
Ammishaddai. ''^''And over the host
of the tribe of the children of A slier
icas ^agiel the son of Gcran. '■'^ And
over the host of the tribe of the chil-

dren of Na])htali was Aliira the son
of Knan. -"''riius" wen- the journey-
ings of the children of Israel accord-
ing to their armies, when they set
forward.

2^ And Moses said unto HobabjP
the son of l\aguel the Midianite, Mo-
ses' father in law, " We are joiu-ney-
ing imto the place of which the JjOko
said,"" I will give it you : come thou
with us, and we will do thee good :
for the LoKo hath spoken good con-
cerning Israel."

^"And he said unto him, " I will
not go ; but I will depart to mine
own land, and to my kindred."

^' And he said, "Leave us not, I
pray thee ; forasmuch as thou know-
est how we are to encamp in the wil-
derness, and thou mayest be to us
Instead of eyes.'' ^^And it shall be,
if thou go with us, yea, it shall be,
that what goodness the Loi:i) shall
do unto us, the same will we do unto
thee.""

^And they departed fi-om the
mount^ of the Lor.i) three days' jour-
ney : and the ark of the covenant of
the LoitD went before them in the
three days' join-ney, to search out a
resting^ place for them. ^And the
cloud^ of the Lord was upon them by
day, Avhen they went out of the
camp.

^And it came to pass, when the
ark set forward, that Moses said,
" Rise up, LoKi), and let Thine ene-
mies be scattered ; and let them that
hate Thee flee before Thee."" "'*' And
when it rested, he said, " Return, O
Lonn, unto the many''' thousands of
Israel."

YJ "1 A.M. .TSM. n.c. 1G07.

-^»--'-. J The people Umg trilh too great im-
patience for the fish and refreshing
vegetables tchich they had aijoyej
in Egypt.

[12i

ND when the people complained,^

the Loud heard it ; and 1 1
was kindled ; and the fire

t displeased''' the Loud: and

'"^ anger

of the

IT lleb., these.

p (Jethro, ffobab,
i>r llagurl, the
father in law nf
JHosrs, did return.
E.X. IK, 27. Thi.i
probably was his
son.)

<T (Go. 12, 7, and
often subsequent-

ly-)

r (There is no
discrepancy.
Ood, through tJie
cloudy pillar,was
U> gu iile His peo-
ple, but Jlolmh,
so well aaiunint-
ed with the coun-
try, would be of
t/ie greatest ser-
vice in procuring
pasturage for the
fiocks and water
for the people,
when the Letrd
previously had
pninteA out the
place of rncamp-
rntnt. Jol)29, 15.
Also parties took
several journies
while the grand
army lay still.
Seech.xiii., xx.,
x.vxi., & xxxii.j

V (from subse-
quent mention of
the Kenites, (de-
scended from Ho-
liab,) it 7iviy be
inOrred that he
did not ultimately
decline Mo.oes' in-
vitatiiin.) .lu. 1,
16, and 4, 11.

1 Sa. 15, 0. Ch.
24, 21. 1 Ihr. 2,
65. Je. Xi, fi.

2 Ki. 10, 15, 23.

xEx.3, 1.

y Je.31, 2.

z Ne. 9, 19.

a Ps. 1.32, 8. Cited
I's. 68, 1.

</> Hob., ten thou-
sand thousands.

X Or, were at it
were compUiiners.
(Vneasy at their
three days' ma rch
(ch. 10, a3} in the
midst of the hot
season.)

(They may also
have expected a
change of food
with a change of
scene.)

tp Heh., it teas evil
in the (arsof, d'C.

LSI

NU. 11, 2. 7
12, 9. j

NUMBERS.

A.M. 3834,
. B.C. 1607.

j3 Ileb., sunk.

y That is, a burn-
ing. De. 9, 22.

S (The rereward
under the stand-
ard of Dan, com-
prising the dregs
and scu7n of the
people gathereel
together from all
parts. Uochart.)

e Ileb., lusted a

lust.

^ Heb., returned
anil wept (rather,
the children of
Israel also sat
and wept.)

i)(TheFenu-arec,
known in Egypt
under the uanv
of Helheh, is an
annual very
much resembling
clover. Theyoung
fresh shoots br-
fore blossoming
lire a very delici-
ous food. Pic.
JJib.j

9 ( When Damietta
was besieged in
1218, many of
the more delicate
Egyptians, al-
though they had
corn in abun-
dance,pined aviag
and diedforwant
of the garlic,
onions, fish, birds,
fruits and herbs,
to which theyluid
been accustomed.
Pic. Bib.)

I lleh., eye of it as
the '■ye of. Ex.
IG, 14, 31.

K (The true secret
of much of their
conduct was that
they hod no public
spirit — none of
that spirit which
enables men to
understand the
necessity ofmalc-
ing unusual exer-
tions, and of un-
di r going great
priviitions,for the
ottdi/imcnt of the
liigh objects set
before llinn ;
^ranting this, they
Innkffl upon their
rn./,,'s as chil-
'//■' II look tovjards
l/i'ir parents — as
those who were
bound to keep
them in all com-
fort, and to make
the paths they
trod smooth and
easy for them.
Kitto.)

Lord burnt among them, and con-
smned them that ivere in the utter-
most parts of the camp.

^ And the people cried unto Moses ;
and Avhen Moses prayed unto the
Lord, the fire was quenched.^

^And he called the name of the
place Taberah :V because the fire of
the Lord burnt among them.

^And the mixt^ multitude that w;as
among them fell a lusting :^ and the
cliildren of Israel also wept^ again,
and said, " Who shall give us flesh
to eat ? ^ We remember the fish,
which we did eat in Egypt freely ;
the cucumbers, and the melons, and
the leeks,'' and the onions, and the
garlick ; "^but now our soul is dried
away :^ there is nothing at all, beside
this manna, before our eyes."

^And the manna loas as coriander
seed, and the colour*- thereof as the
colour of bdellium. ^And the people
went about, and gathered it., and
ground it in mills, or beat it in a
mortar, and baked it in pans, and
made cakes of it : and the taste of it
was as the taste of fresh oil. ''And
when the dew fell upon the camp in
the night, the manna fell upon it.

^^Then Moses heard the people
weep throughout their families, every
man in the door of his tent : and
the anger of the Lord was kindled
greatly ; Moses also was displeased.

^^And Moses said unto the Lord,
" Wherefore hast Thou afflicted Thy
servant ? and wherefore haxo, I not
found favour in Thy sight, that Thou
layest the burden of all this people
upon me ? ^^ Have I conceived all
this people ? have I begotten thein,
that Thou sliouldest say unto me,
CaiTy them in thy bosom, as a
nursing" father beareth the sucking
child, unto the land which Thou
swarest unto their fiithers? ^'^ Whence
should I have flesh to give unto all
this people ? for they weep unto me,
saying, Give us flesh, that we may
eat. ^^ I am not able to bear all this

people alone, because it is too heavy
for me. ^^And if Thou deal thus
Avith me, kill me, I pray Thee, out
of hand, if I have found favour in
Thy sight ; and let me not see^ my
wretchedness."

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Gather unto Me seventy'^ men of
the elders of Israel, whom thou
knowest to be the elders of the peo-
ple, and officers over them ; and
bring them unto the tabernacle of
the congi-egation, that they may
stand" there with thee. ^'^ And I will
come down and talk with thee there :
and I will take of the Spirit* which
is upon thee, and will put it upon
them ; and they shall bear^ the bur-
den of the people with thee, that
thou bear it not thyself alone. ^'^And
say thou unto the people. Sanctify
yourselves against to morrow, and
ye shall eat flesh : for ye have wept
in the ears of the Lord, saying, Who
shall give us flesh to eat? for it loas
well with us in Egypt : thei'efore the
Lord will give you flesh, and ye
shall eat. ^'■'Ye shall not eat one
day, nor two days, nor five days,
neither ten days, nor twenty days ;
'^^ But even a whole" month, until it
come out at your nostrils, and it be
loathsome unto you : because that ye
have despised the Lord which is
among you, and have wept before
Him, saying. Why came we forth
out of Egypt?"

21 And Moses said, "The people
among whom I am, are six hundred
thousand footmen ; and Thou hast
said, I will give them flesh, that
they may eat a whole month. ^-^ Shall
the flocks and the herds be slain for
them, to suffice them? or shall all
the fish of the sea be gathered to-
gether for them, to suffice them ?"'^

2^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Is the Lord's hand waxed short?''
thou shalt see*^ now whether My word
shall come to pass unto thee or^not."

2* And Moses went out, and told

\ fThat is, let me
not su^'er. To
see ih'ath is to
die, Ps. 89, 48;
Lu. 2, 26 ; to see
salvation is to be
saccd, Ps. 50, 23,
and 91, 16; to see
labour db sorrow
is to be miserable.
Je. 20, 18.)

fji (These seventy
elders were ap-
pointed about a
year after those
sj)oken of, Ex. 18,
25, who by the
advice of Jethro
had been chosen
in civil & smaller
matters.)

V (That they may
_ thereby be the
better known to
the people. Kid-
der.)

h ...Thou gavest
also Thy good
Spirit to instruct
thein...Ne.9, 20.
lSa.10,6. 2Ki.
2, 15. Is. 44, 3.
Jo. 2, 28.

f (Ilavernick

thitiks that these
" were by no
means a standing
magisterial au-
thority ;" they
were cuhled to
assist 3Ioses in
the government of
thf people in the
wildi-rness. From
t/ir.Ki' the Jewish
I'^ini/iedrim took
ils rise, and the
number of the
seventy disciples
no d^mbt has re-
ference to it.)

0 Heb., month of
days.

IT (Perhaps the in-
tention of the sa-
cred writer was,
by these words,
to represent the
mortality as con-
sequent upon the
avidity with
■which they fed
upon food mira-
culously furnish-
ed.)

d Kehold, the
Loiii/.s hand is
not shortened,
that it cannot
save ; neither
His ear heavy,
tliat it cannot
hear. Is. 59, 1,
and 50, 2.

c Ps. 78, 27.

182

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

NUMBERS.

f NU. 11, 2.
1 12, 9.

p (Rather, they
spake uniUr Di-
vine injiuence.
Tlitre is iio eri-
ilrncf in the unr-
rntive of their
prophesying in
the smse of fort-
UUimJ fu'liire
events. Wiiiz
apiid Maurcr.)

<r (Kathcr, find
did not add or
ripeat it, i. c,
they spokr with a
power and vehe-
mence on this oc-
oisimi such us by
which they were
never afterwards
distinguished.
MaiirtT, Do
Witte, with
which the Syriac
and Septungint
agree, liiitim-
garten coincides
with this vi'W.)

T (Perhaps, as the
Jewish commen-
tators think, Mo-
st.^ chose six men
out of every tribe,
wh ich would leave
two over.)

V (Imagining it
would le.ssen Mo-
ses' authority if
these two men
should appear to
have no cotii mis-
sion undrr him.)

X (The second
time, above a full
year after those,
Ex. 16, 13, which
were given at
th''ir eighth sta-
tion before they
came to Sinai.)

>l) (These migra-
tory birds vtu.'.l
have been well
i kwncn to the Js-
rotliles while in
Egypt. At the
proper season
ihey resort thi-
ther in vast
foeks.)

I Heb., as it were

tike u>ay of a day.

I (The VulgaU

routers, "FUiv in

Ae air at the

height of two cu-

kit» from the

ground;" and so

obo the Jewish

writers.)

\ (The homer con-

ttbted a hundred

amees.) Ex. 16,

36. Ez. 46, 11.

that is. To

J/erodo-

(ii.77) .mys

■ the Egyi>-

-■ ate undress-

•luails, dc,

'■■■■h they had

I I'strved with

1S3

the pon|ilc the words of the Loiu),
and j^athored the seventy men of the
elders of the people, and set them
ronnd about the tabernacle.

'-'•'And the Lord came down in a
cloud, and spake unto him, and took
of the Spirit that ivos upon him, and
gave // unto the seventy elders : and
it came to pass, that, when the Spirit
rested upon them, they prophesied,?
and did not cease."^

'■^^But there remained'' two of the
men in the camp, the name of the
one was Kldad, and the name of the
other Medad : and the Spirit rested
upon them ; and they icere of them
that were written, but went not out
unto the tabernacle : and they pro-
phesied in the camp.

'^•^And there ran a young man, and
told Moses, and said, " Eldad and
Medad do prophesy in the camp."

'^■^And Joshua the son of Nun, the
servant of Moses, o)ie of his young
men, answei'ed and said, " My lord
Moses, forbid" them."

^ And Moses said unto him, " En-
viest thou for my sake? would God
that all the Lori)'.s people were pro-
phets, and that the Lord would put
His Spirit upon them !

■''^And Moses gat him into the
camp, he and the elders of Israel.

^*And there went forth a wind
from the Lord, and brought'f quails"''
from tlie sea, and let them fall by the
camp, as it were a day's journey" on
this side, and as it were a day's jour-
ney on the other side, round about
the camp, and as it were two cubits
hiffh"^ upon the face of the earth.
^-'And the people stood up all that
day, and all that night, and all the
next day, and they gathered the
quails : he that gathered least gath-
ered ten homers •/ and they spread
them all abroadY for themselves round
about the camp. '"^And while tlie
flesh teas yet between their teeth, ere
it was chewed, the wrath of the Lord
was kindled against the people, and

the Lord smote the people with a
very great plague.

^And he called the name of that
])lace Kibroth-hattaavah :V because
there they buried the peojde that
lusted.

'■^And the people journeyed from
Kibroth-hattaavah unto llazcrotli ;
and abodc^ at Ilazeroth.

VTT 1 A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607. fl ^A

-'*■-'■-'■ 'J The sedition of Miriam and Aaron. |_ -L ~ "

AND Miriam and Aaron spake a-
gainst Moses because of the
Ethiopian* woman whom he had mar-
ried : for he had married^ an Ethio-
pian Avoman. '''And they said, "Hath
the Lord indeed spoken only by
Moses ■? hath He not spoken also by
us ?«"

And the Lord heard/ it.

^(Now the man Moses was very
meek, above all the men which were
upon the face of the earth.)

■^^Vnd the Lord spake suddenly
unto Moses, and unto Aaron, and
unto INIiriam, "Come out ye three'
unto the tabernacle of the congrega-
tion."

And they three came out.

^And the Lord came down in the
])illar of the cloud, and stood in the
door of the tabernacle, and called
Aaron and Miriam : and they both
came forth. '^And He said, "Hear
now My words : If there be a pro-
phet among you, / the Lord will
make Myself known unto him in a
vision,* and will speak unto him in
a dream. ' My servant Moses is not
so, who is faithful^ in all Mine house.
•^With him will I speak mouth to
mouth, even aj>parently/ and not in
dark speeches ; and the similitude of
tlie Loud shall he behold : wherefore
then were ye not afraid to speak
against My servant Moses'?"

" And the anger of the Lord was
kindled against them; and He de-
parted.

V That is, the
groves of lust.

S Ileb., tJtey were
in, dc.

t Or, Cnshite.
(That is, Xippo-
rah, who was of
the land of .Vidi-
an, which iras in
the Arabian Cush .
IIab.3, 7. Conip.
Eze. 30, S». 'iKi.
19,9. 2Chr. 14,
9, with 21, 16.
Is. IS, 1. Zcp.

3, 10.)

S,' Heb, taken.
(Thr lout permit-
ted marriage witii
foreign women,
prohibiting it
only with the Ca-
naan itcs.)

e Ex. 15, 20. Mi.
6.4.

/Ge. 29, 33. Ch.
11, 1. 2 Ki. 1!»,

4. Is. 37, 4. Ez.
36, 12.

( (" The alliance
with aforeigner,"
says a clever
writer, " might
naturally enough
be seized on as a
ground of facti-
ouji complaint, d-
his obligation to
divorce her be
urged, now that
he was raised to
so peculiiir an
authority over his
countrymen ; not
to say that, at this
particular Junc-
ture, his brother
and sister may
have Iteen stimu-
lated by Jealousy
of the apprehend-
ed injluence of the
brother or uncle
of Motes' wife.")

K (An enigmatical
r-presr.iitation.
i;«. \b, 1. Ez.
1, 1. Da. 8, 2.
Ac. 10, 11.)

g He. 3, 2, 5.

A ( Tlie wont ren-
dered " t'wi'on'" in
VO. 6 al.io has the
sense of mirror,
1 Co. 13, 12 : that
used here sign ijleg
" cmintenance,"
implying the
greater directness
of the eommuni-
c, I ions made to
Moses.)

NU. 12, 10. 1

14, 13. ;

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3834.
i. B.C. 1607.

IJL (It tms the duty
of the priest him-
self to judge of
the existence of
leprosy in any, tfc
tu exclude it from
the camp. "Jit
is not, therefore,
without a point,"
says Kittn, " re-
marked that Aa-
ron looked." This
fact made him
the very person
to pronounce the
sentence upon the
sharer of his sin.)

a- Or, before her.
(Chardin says
that spitting be-
fore any one, or
spitting upon the
ground in speak-
ing of any one's
actions, is
throughout the
East an expres-
sion of extreme
detestation.)
V (This verse is
made the frst of
the next chapter
by the Samaritan,
and immediately
follows, " Tlien
^Icists s.iid, Ye
ai\' come, &c.
See De. 1, 20.
Keuuicott.)

f (Tn De. 1, 22.

the people are re-
presented as in-
stituting this in-
vestigation.
There is no con-
tradiclion. The
people made the
request ; it was
referred to the
Lord, and lie,
from whom all
authority pro-
ceeded, gave His
permission. De.
9, 2.3.)
o (Called rulers,
ver. 2 ; men of
authority amnng
their tribes. Kx.
18, 21.)

h Forty years old
was (he) wlien

Moses sent

(Uiin)... Jos. 14,
7, 13, 14.) Ju. 1,
12.

n (Whos^. help is
Jehovah. Kx. 18,
9; and 32, 17.
The Septuagint,
Josephus,and the
New Testament
call him Jesus.
Being appoint-
ed to save the
people arid briitg
them into the pos-
session of the
prumisedlaml, he
therein was a
t:iP'- af our bless-
ed Saviour.)

^^And tlie cloud departed from off
the tabernacle ; and, behold, INIiriam
became leprous, ii:hite as snow : and
Aaron looked'^ upon Miriam, and,
behold, she was leprous.

^^And Aaron said unto Moses,
" Alas, my lord, I beseech thee, lay
not the sin upon us, wherein we have
done foolishly, and wherein we have
sinned. ^^Let her not be as one
dead, of whom the flesh is half con-
sumed when he cometh out of his
mother's womb."

^^And Moses cried unto the Lord,
saying, " Heal her now, 0 God, I
beseech Thee."

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" If her father had but spif^ in her
face, should she not be ashamed
seven days ? let her be shut out from
the camp seven days, and after that
let her be received in again."

^^And Miriam was shut out from
the camp seven days : and the people
journeyed not till Miriam was brought
in again. ^^'' And afterward the peo-
ple removed from Hazeroth, and
pitched in the wilderness of Paran.

XTTT 1 A.jr. 3834. B.C. 1607.

-'^-LJ--'-' J The spies sent to view thepro-

[127

AND the Lord spake unto Closes,
saying, ^"Send^ thou men, that
they may search the land of (lanaan,
which I give unto the children of
Israel : of every tribe of their fathers
shall ye send a man, every one a
ruler among them."

^And Moses by the commandment
of the Lord sent them fi'om the wil-
derness of Paran : all those men wei^e
heads" of the children of Israel. ^ And
these were their names : of the tribe of
lieuben, 8hammua the son of Zaccur.
^ Of the tribe of .Simeon, Shaphat the
son of Ilori. ^ Of the tribe of Judah,
Caleb'' the son of Jephunneh. ''Of
the tribe of Issachar, Igal the son of
Joseph. *^0f the tribe of Ephraim,
Oshea the son of Nun. ^Of the tribe
of Benjamin, Palti the son of Raphu.

^*^0f the tribe of Zebidun, (Jaddiel
the son of Sodi. ^^Of the tribe of
Joseph, namely., of the tribe of Ma-
nasseh, Gaddi the son of Susi. ^'^Of
the tribe of Dan, Ammiel the son of
Gemalli. -^^Of the tribe of Asher,
Sethur the son of Michael. ^^Of the
tribe of Naphtali, Nahbi the son of
Vophsi. ^^ Of the tribe of Gad, Geuel
the son of Machi. — ^*^ These are the
names of the men which Moses sent to
spy out the land. And Moses called
Oshea the son of Nun Jehoshua.'^

^'And Moses sent/' them to spy
out tlie land of Canaan, and said
unto them, " Get you up this way
southward,"^ and go up into the moun-
tain :* -^^and see the land, what it is ;
and the people that dwelleth therein,
whether they he strong or weak, few
or many ; ^^and what the land is that
they dwell in, whether it he good or
bad ; and what cities they be that
they dwell in, whether in tents, or
in strong holds ; ^''and what the land
is., whether it he fat or lean, whether
there be wood therein, or not. And
be ye of good courage, and bring of
the fruit of the land."

Now the time was the time of the
firs tripe* grapes.

^^ So they went up, and searched
the land from the wilderness of Zin^
unto Rehob," as men come to Ha-
math."^ -^And they ascended by the
south, and came unto Hebron ; where
Ahiman,''' Sheshai, and Talmai, the
children of Anak, were. (Now He-
bron was built seven years before
Zoan" in Egypt.) ^s^j^j they came
unto the Ijrook" of Eshcol, and cut
down from thence a branch with one
cluster of gi-apes, and they bare it
between two upon a staff ; and ihey
brought of the pomegranates, and of
the figs. 2^ The place was called the
brook^ Eshcol, V because of the cluster
of grapes which the children of Israel
cut down fi-om thence.* — -^And they
returned from searching of the land
after forty days.

p {Not for his oxun
satisfaction or
out of any dis-
trust.)

a (The most dry
and barren part
of it. Coinp.

.Jos. 14, 1—3.
Jn. 1, 15. Ps.
12G, 4.)

iGe. 14, 10. Ju.
1,9.

s (In the month of
August, but the
cluster they cut
in Eshcol was of
the secondyather-
ing, viz., Sep-
tember.)

T (This is not the
same as that in
Ex. 16, 1.)

V (On the nm-th-
west border, not
far from Dan,
Ju. 18, 27—29.
2 Sa. 10, 8.)

(\> (On the north-
west, near Mt.
Ilermon.)

xj/ (These arc not
the names of in-
dividuals hut of
whole tribes.)

(Tills mention
of Zoan (Tanis)
ivas suited to a
nation coming out
of Egypt arid fa-
miliar with its
antiquities.)

a Or, valley.

P Or, valley.

y (That is, a clus-
ter of grapes.

(.Mariti, an
Italian traveller,
tells us that in
Syria he has seen
grapes of so ex-
traordinary a
size that a single
person could
certainly not car-
ry a bunch far
without losing
some of them.)

S (The valley
through which
lies the com-
mencement of the
road from He-
bron to Jerusa-
lem. This valley
is now full of
vineyards and
olive-yards ; the
former chiefly in
'the valley itself,
the latter up the
sides of the en-
closing hills.
K-itto's Cyc.)

184

A.M. 3334. 1
B.C. 1607. ]■

NUMBERS.

J NU. 12, 10.
i 14, 13.

t (Thf;i ftpnlif n.t
nirn trh" n>'fth'il
to mill hut litttf,
vith the miitirinl
ev'uirtice thfij
vfrr ablr to pro-
duce. Kitto.)

((Alriben/Cush-
ite icanilfrern
from Ilahil, and
of the siinv rnce
us th^ Philis-
thits.)

k Kx. 17, 8. Cli.

14, 43. .In. 6, :t.
1 Sa. 14, 48, ami

15, :}, &c.

i| (The Mediterra-
twin.)

S (Cnleh (t Joshua
tcrre the repre-
sent nlivfs of the
ttcn grent tribes
of Judnh and E-
phrnim, yet such
WIS the pert'mn-
eity of the people
that their re.pre-
sentotiotis v:cre
tot'illy disre-
garded).

t frhat Is, ex-
Iremelr/ unheal-
thy, Oftthe. /«
this they contra-
dict tlf^mselves.
See ver. 28.)

K Ileb., men of
Matures. (Besides
the Anakim the
Bephaim were a
powerful race,
but it ujos false
tkatall the people
were gigantic.)

i (Disdained them
0* Ooiiath did
I David, 1 Sa. 17,
1 4S; and they hav-
I iltg no spirit and
I HO eonfiilence in
1 Ocd, vere dis-
I eimraged.)

(With scarcely
lOMy mental firm-
r and with al-
t no reliyion,
|tt«y could bear
revcrseji and
J ever at their
' end.

Clarlte.)

-*"'Aiul tliny went and came to ^fo-
sc's, and to Aaron, and to all the
congrej^ation of the children of Isractl,
unto the wilderness of I'aran, to Ka-
desli ; and brought back word unto
them, and unto all the congregation,
and shewed them the fruit* of the
land. 2^ And they told him, and
said, " We eame unto the land whi-
ther thou si^ntest us, and surely it
flowcth with milk and honey ; and
this is the fruit* of it. -'^Neverthe-
less the people be strong that dwell
in the land, and the cities a7-e walled,
and very great : and moreover we
saw the children^ of Anak there.
2^ The Amalekites^' dwell in the land
of the south : and the llittites, and
the Jebusites, and the Amorites,
dwell in the mountains : and the Ca-
naanites dwell by the sea,'' and by
the coast of .Jordan."

•^^And Caleb^ stilled the people
before Moses, and said, " Let us go
u}) at once, and possess it ; for we
are well able to overcome it."

^MJut the men that went up with
him said, " We be not able to go
up against the people ; for they are
stronger than we."

■^^And they brought up an evil re-
port of the land which they had
searched unto the children of Israel,
saying, " The land, through which
we have gone to search it, is a land
that eateth' up the inhabitants there-
of; and all the people that we saw
in it are men of a great" stature.
^'And there we saw the giants, the
sons of Anak, which come of the
giants : and we were in our own sight
as grasshoppers, and so we were in
their siirht."'^

YJY 1 A.M. aS34. n.c. 1G07. ri '>^

^ V i > .J 2'he conduct of the people on the [_ A '^ C5
report of the spies.

AND all the congregation lifted
up their voice, and cried ; and
the people wepf* that night. '-^And
all the children of Israel murmured
against Moses and against Aaron :

and the whole congregation said unto
tliem, " Would (Jod that we had
died in the land of I'^gypt ! or would
(lod we had died'' in this wilder-
ness !f ^And wherefore hath the
LoKi) brought us luito this land, to
fall by the sword, that our wives
and our children should be .a prey ?
were it not better for us to return
into Egypt?"

"•And they said one to another,
" Let us make a captain, ° and let us
return into Egypt."

•'' Then Moses and Aaron fell on
their faces before all the assemblj^ of
the congi-egation of the children of
Israel.

^'And Joshua the son of Nun, and
Caleb the son of Jephunneh, irhirh
icere of them that searched the land,
rent their clothes: "and they spake
unto all the company of the children
of Israel, saying, "The land, which
we passed through to search it, is an
exceeding good land. ^If the Loun
delight' in us, then lie will bring*^
us into this land, and give it us ; a
land which flowcth with milk and
honey .P '''Only rebel'^ not ye against
the Loun, neither fear ye the people
of the land ; for they ai\" bread for
us : their defence'' is de})arted from
them, and the Loito is with us : fear
them not."

^"I]ut all the congregation bade"
stone them with stones.

And the glory of the Loun ap-
peared in*^ the tabernacle of the cm-
gregation before all the children of
Israel. ^^And the Lord said unto
Moses, " How long will tliis people
provoke'" Me? and how long will it
be ere they believe Mc, for all the
signs which I have shewed among
them? ^-I will smite tliem with the
pestilence, and disinherit ihem, and
will make of lliee" a gi'cater nation
and mightier than they."

'•*And Moses said unto the Loud,
" Then the Egyptians shall hear ?V,
(for Thou broughtest up this jwoplc

185

V (This vhieh they
fixdi.ihly wish for
hoppen.i to thrtn.
ViTKUS 28, 2;).)

f (When) the

I.OIlll Kllintt! UlK

liiMi|iIc witli a
very threat
plague. Cli. 11,
33.

0 (This it appears

they did) In

their reliuWion
a|)|>iiintc(l aca|>-
tiiin to retiini to
their hoiidaKo...
Ne. 9, 17, (pro-
Ixibly one of the
spies.) Ac. 7, 39.

1 The Loud had
a delight in thy
fathiirs to love
them, and lie
chose their seed
after them...lJc.
10, 15.

IT (If God was on
their sidi; the
stringth of the
Canaanites was
not to be fear ej.)

p (Exuberantly
productive, rich
paxluraye, and
lovely Vegetation.)

IT (To r.tum to
Egypt won Id be to
rettel against God
who htul so mirn-
cutous'y deliver-
ed, prrsei-vtd, A
appointed them
to take possession
of Canaan.)

T Ilob., shadow.
(A shadow, Ireiiig
a defence against
heat, is used here
for defence or
protection.) Vs.
67, 1; C3, 7; 91,
1 ; 121, 6, 6. I8.
30, 2.

V ( The timely ap-
P'o ranee of the
divine glory pre-
vented t/icir de-
sign.)

<^(|{ather, "i/p-V
th^ tttl*rrnaelf\for
"tn" the tnlier-
narle thr people
C'ul't not have
seen it. ratrick.)

m ...rs.95,8. IIo.
3, 8.

11 Ex. 32, id:-

2 u

NU. 14, 14. 1
15, 19. i"

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3834.
( B.C. 1607.

X (Known to
be present by a
visible siyn tht re-
of.) Ve. 10. Ex.
15, 14. Jos. 2, 9,
and 5, 1.

\li (It stood at cer-
Uiin times "above"
the whole congre-
gation, oversha-
dowing them from
the scorching rays
of the sun. Ps.
105, 39. It was
probably from
th is circumstance
that tite sluidow
of the Lord wns
used to signify the
Divine protec-
tion. Clarke.)

10 (In the great-
ness of Thy mer-
cy-)

o E.X. 34, 6. Ps.
103, 8, and 145,
8. Jonah 4, 2.

o Or, hitherto.

/3 {Although this
people be not
brought into the
promised land,
My name shall be
Jionoured among
all the inhabi-
tants of the earth
who shall hear of
these things.)

y (Very often.)
Gu.31,7. "Ne.4,
12. Job 19, 3.

5 Heb., If they
see the land.

p I's. 95, 11.

q Moses swaro on
thatday, saying,
" Surely the
land wliercon
thy feet have
trodden sliall be
thine inlicrit-
ance, and thj'
children's lor
ever.".. ..Jos. 14,
9. De. 1, 36.

e (H&theT, dwell ;
i. e., lie in wait
for you at the
bottinri of the o-
ther side of the
mountain. Pa-
trick. There-
fore do not go
forward lest ye
fall into their
ambushes.)

in Thy might from among them ;)
** and they will tell it to the inha-
bitants of this land : for they have
heard that Thou Lord art among
this people, that Thou Lord art seenx
face to face, and that Thy cloud
standeth''' over them, and that Thou
goest before them, by day time in
a pillar of a cloud, and in a pillar
of fire by night. ^^ Now if Thou
shalt kill all this people as one man,
then the nations which have heard
the fame of Thee will speak, saying,
^^ Because the Lord was not able to
bring this people into the land which
He sware unto them, therefore He
hath slain them in the wilderness.
^^And now, I beseech Thee, let the
power of my Lord be great," accord-
ing as Thou hast spoken, saying,
^^The Lord is long-sutfering," and of
great mercy, forgiving iniquity and
transgression, and by no means clear-
ing the guilty^ visiting the iniquity
of the fathers upon the children
unto the third and fourth generation.
1^ Pardon, I beseech Thee, the ini-
quity of this people according unto
the gi-eatness of Thy mercy, and as
Thou hast forgiven this people, from
Egypt even until now."''

^^And the Lord said, "I have
pardoned according to thy word :
'^^ but as truly as I live, all the earth
shall be filled with the glory of the
LoRD.^ '^'^ Because all those men
which have seen My glory, and My
miracles, Avhich I did in Eg^pt and
in the wilderness, and have tempted
Me now these tenv times, and have
not hearkened to My voice ; ^-^ surely*
they shall not see the land which I
sware^^ unto their fathers, neither
shall any of them that provoked Me
see it: ^^but My servant Caleb, be-
cause he had another sj)irit with him,
and hath followed Me fully, him will
I bring into the land whereinto he
went; and his seed shall possess' it."
25 Now the Amalekites and the Ca-
naanites dwelt* in the valley. " To
morrow turn you, and get you into

the wilderness by the way of the
Red sea."

2^ And the Lord spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, saying, '^^ " How
long shall I hear with this evil con-
gregation, which murmur against me?
1 have heard the murmurings of the
children of Lsrael, which they mur-
mur against Me. ^^Say unto them,
As trulg as I live, saith the Lord,
as'' ye have spoken in j\Iine ears, so
will I do to 3'ou : ^^your carcases
shall fall in this wilderness : and all
that were numbered of you, according
to your whole number, from twenty^
years old and upward, which have
murmured against INIe, ^'^ doubtless
ye shall not come into the land, C07i-
cerning which 1 sware'' to make you
dwell therein, save Caleb the son of
Jephunneh, and Joshua the son of
Nun. ^1 But your little ones, which
ye said should be a prey, them will
I bring in, and they shall know the
land which ye have despised. ^"^But
as for you,* yovir carcases, they shall
fall in this wilderness. ^^And your
children shall wander* in the wil-
derness forty' years, and bear your
whoredoms, until your carcases be
wasted in the wilderness. ^ After
the number of the days in which ye
searched the land, even forty days,
each day for a year, shall ye bear
your iniquities, ere?z forty years, and
ye shall know My breach of promise.*
^° I the Lord have said, I will surely
do it unto all this evil congi'egation,
that are gathered together against
Me : in this wilderness they shall be
consumed, and there they shall die."

^^And the men, which Moses sent
to search the land, who returned,
and made all the congregation to
murmur against him, by bringing
up a slander upon the land, ^^ even
those men that did bring up the evil
report upon the land, died by the
plague^ before the Lord. ^^ But
.Joshua the son of Nun, and Caleb
the son of Jephunneh, which were

ryc.23. Ch.26,
65; and 32, 11.
De. 1, 35. lie.
3,17.

i(The Levites who
were reckoned
from a month,
ch. 3, 15, a7-e not
included in this
.w.nlence. Ch. 1,
45, and 26, G4.)

7) Ileb., lifted up
My hand. Ge.
14, 22.

s With many of
them God was
not well pleased;
for they were
overthrown in
the wilderness.
1 Co. 10,5. Ch.
26, 65.

e Or, feed (shift
as for pasture
from one part of
the divert to an-
other.)

I (Beckoned from
their coming out
of Egypt, thirty-
eight and a half
years from the
present time.)

K Or, altering of

My purpose. (My
/iiislility, Mnnvvr.
Mi/,ni:/,r,\>nth*i.
My abiihdonment
(,f you), De
Wette.

Then shall ye
know what it
is when I forsake
you. Gesenius.
Dr. Walerland
says, " This is a
harsh transla-

tion and not

warranted. Some
of our older Eng-
lish translations
had ajuster ren-
dering. Mat-
thew's liible—
" i'e shall feel
7)11/ v:;n(jrance."
TheGreiitUible,
" I'e sliall know
my displeasure.")

A (Not the plague
of medical writ-
ers, nor the glan-
dular disease of
the East, but a
sudden visita-
tion.)

186

A.M. 3834. 1

B.C. 1607. ;

NUMBERS.

fini.14,14.

t 15, 19.

fi (From the ez-
Irnordinnry
doom which Jixrd
to evtry mnn the
extreme limits of
his possitile ex-
istence, ami a-
vowedly gave
time no ohjtct but
their deaths,
JosAiui and Ot-
leh were excepted.
Thus the two on
whom they were
oul to inflict
d'lith wt re des-
tined to s'lrvivi:
them all. Kitto.;

t Ex. 33, 4.

V (They re/used
to take their Jour-
ney into the wil-
ilt rness).

f (Their enemies
ascending the val-
ley on the other
title had gained
the advantageous
post on the hill
top.)

o (if'ith GihI's
promised pre-
sence, the people
had despaired of
taking the land;
now, without that
presence and in
f.n'-'wn opposition
' the divine will,
■ 1/ deem tlum-
' -s powi rful
■■' nirn/

tvtr more

i-'Ct to sudden

•iges from

ic to pre-

iption and the

'rary,thanare

•tividuats.)

I li.21, 3. Do.

11. Ju. 1, 17.

/'he adiitions

■ made to the
"U of burnt tb

< offerings
■' rve notice,
mediately fill-
ing the plague
/ the derlara-
n that all of
I generation
'lid die in the
li-mess these
iilions, point-
i directly to the
'ire and cer-

■ I occupancy of

promised
I, were de-
ned to chtrish
'■)

1,2,3.
1 peace offer-
■. so the word
■ limes im-

IS.)

llob., separat-

. 2, 1, ami (!,

of the men that went to search the
land, lived still.i^

^ And Moses told these sayiiip^s
unto all the children of Israel : and
the people mourned' greatly. ^•'And
they rose up early in the morninir,
and gat them up into the top of the
mountain, saying, " Lo, we be here,
and will'' go up unto the ])lace which
the Loiu) hath promised : for we
have sinned."

■*^And Mo.ses said, "Wherefore
now do ye transgress the command-
ment of the Lord ? but it shall not
prosper. ^^Go not uj), for the Loud
is not among you ; that ye be not
smitten before your enemies. ^^ For
the Amalekites and the Canaanites
arc there^ before you, and ye shall
fall by the sword : because ye are
turned away from the Lord, there-
fore the Lord will not be with you."

^ Jhit they presumed" to go up
unto the hill top : nevertheless the
ark of the covenant of the Lord,
and Moses, departed not out of the
camp.

■*'^Then the Amalekites came down,
and the Canaanites which dwelt in
that hill, and smote them, and dis-
comfited them, even unto Honnah."

YV 1 A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607. Tl '>0

''*- ' 'J Renewal of the laws respecting |^i/»i/

offerings.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^".^poak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, and say unto them.
When ye be come into the hmd of
your habitations, which I give unto
you, '^ and will make an offering"" by
fire unto the Lord, a burnt" offering,
or a sacrifice'' in ])erf()rming°^ a vow,
or in a freewill offering, or in your
solemn feasts, to make a sweet savour
unto the Lord, of the herd, or of
the flock : *then shall"' he that oft'er-
eth his offering unto the Lord bring
a meat offering of a tenth deal'' of
flour mingled witli tlie fourth part of
an hill" of oil. ^And the fomth jmrt

of an liin of wiiu;-^ for a drink offer-
ing shah thou jtnpare with the burnt
offering or sacrifice, for one lamb.
•^Or for a ram, thou shalt ])repare
fur a meat ofiering two''' tenth deals
of flour mingled with the; thirds jjart
of an hill of oil. ^And for a drink
ottering thou shall otter the third
part of an bin of wine, for a sweet
savour unto the Lord.

^ And when thou preparest a bul-
lock for a burnt ottering, or for
a sacrifice in performing a vow, or
peace ott'erings unto the Lord: ^then
shall he bring with a bullock a meat
ottering of three tenth deals of flour
mingled with half an bin of oil.
^'Wnd thou shalt bring for a drink
ottering half an bin of wine, for an
ottering made by fire, of a sweet
savour unto the Lord. ^^ Thus'''
shall it be done for one bullock, or
for one ram, or for a lamb, or a kid.
'^According to the niunber that ye
shall prepare, so shall ye do to every
one according to their number. '-^All
that are born of the country shall do
these things after this manner, in
ottering an ottering made by fire, of
a sweet savour unto the Lord.

^*And if a stranger" sojourn with
you, or whosoever be among you in
your generations, and will otter an
ottering made by fire, of a sweet
savour unto the I^ord ; as ye do, so
he shall do. ^^One ordinance shall
be both for you of the congregation,
and also for the stranger that sojourn-
eth ivith yoK, an ordinance for ever
in your generations : as ye are, so
shall the stranger be before the Lord.
*'''()ne'' law and one manner shall be
for you, and for the stranger that
sojournelh with you."

*' And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^'^" Speak unto the childien
of Israel, and say unto tliem. When''
ye come into tlie land wliitlier I bring
you, ^^then it shall be, that, wlien^
ye eat of the bread of tlie land, ye
shall otter up an heave ott'i-ring unto

T ( The tenth part
of an ephah,
which was an <}•
mer — six pints.)

V (A hin was the
sixth of an ephah
— one gallon two
pints.)

X Ch. 28, 7, 14.

<t> (Twelve pints.)

X (Three pints.)

ip (The quantities
were augmenteil
in proportion to
tlie si:e of the
sacrijiee with
which it was of-
ftrcd.)

Id (That thus fo-
reigiurs might
not be able to in-
troduce any de-
parture from the
prescribed rit-
ual.)

a (The law which
pbiced on the
same footing, in
respect of their
off' rings, the Is-
raelite and the
stranger should
mitigate our
views respecting
the exrhisiveness
of th'i Jewish re-
ligion. The stran-
ger was distin-
guished front the
Nehnw in res-
pect lo civil pri-
vitiges, more es-
pecially the right
of a permanent
propirty in the
land. Hut if he
should be willing
to nuike an offer-
ing to the Lord,
he not only was
to do as the He-
brew dill, but
would experience
the same return,
even that which
was proper to a
sacrijiee. It

ttouid be a sweet
savour unto the
lyord, and He,
therefore would
be alike propiti-
ous to him as
to the chihiren of
Abraham, Chnl-
mors.)

y Ve. 2. Dc. 26,
1.

fi (An offering
every time they
Itikeil. Kz. 44,
.30. A nalogous
to grace before
meats.) l*r. 3, 8.
Do. 26, 2.

187

NU. 15, 20. 1
16, 25. i

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3834.
t B.C. 1607.

z he. 2, 14, and
23, 10.

a See Le. 4, 2-
13.

•y llcb., from the
eyes. (Some siyi
o/ omission.)

5 Or, ordinance.

6 (The offfrings
here required are
more costly and
imposing than
those formerly
retiuired, Le. 4,
13-21.

There may he
some truth in the
opinion that, as
the people be-
came more fami-
liar with tht law,
there was a fit-
ness in repress-
inij infractions of
it, by an increase
of the penalty in-
curred.)

f (Any private
person. ..any one
of the commijii

people Le. 4,

27.)

)} Ileb., doth.

9 Ileb., with an
hiyh hand. (The
circumstance of
this presumplu-
ousness not beiny
explicitly set
forth does not
take away from
the practical use-
fulness of this
law, but rather,
perhaps, greatly
promotes & sub-
serves it, as being
fitted to awaken
our vigilance and
alarm, and so to
keep Its further
within the bounls
of snfty. Chiil-
iiicr.s.) I)e. 17,
Vl. I's. 19, 13.
He. 10, 26. 2
I'c. 2, 10.

the L(Min. -" Yc shall offer up a cake
of the first of your dough for an
heave offering : as ye do the heave^
oft'ering of the threshingfloor, so shall
ye heave it, ^^Of the first of your
dough ye shall give unto the Lord
an heave offering in yoiu" generations.

^^And if ye have erred,*^ and not
observed all these cominandinents,
which the Lord hath spoken unto
Moses, '^^even all that the Lord
hath commanded you by the hand of
Moses, from the day that the Lord
commanded Muses, and henceforward
among your generations ; ^^then it
shall be, if ouglit be committed by
ignorance withoutv the knowledge of
the congregation, that all the con-
gi-egation shall offer one young bid-
lock for a burnt offering, for a sweet
savour unto the Lord, with his meat
offering, and his drink offering, ac-
cording to the maniiei',* and one kid
of the goats for a sin offering.* ^^And
the priest shall make an atonement
for all the congregation of the chil-
dren of Israel, and it shall be for-
given them ; for it is ignorance : and
they shall bring their offering, a
sacrifice made by fire unto the Lord,
and their sin offering before the Lord,
for their ignorance : ^^and it sliall be
forgiven all the congregation of the
children of Israel, and the stranger
that sojounietli among them ; seeing
all the people were in ignorance.

^'^ And if any souK sin through
ignorance, then he shall bring a she
goat of the fi^rst year for a sin offering.

'''^And the priest shall make an
atonement for the soul tiiat sinneth
ignorantly, when he sinneth by ig-
norance before the Lord, to make
an atonement for him ; and it shall
be forgiven him. ^^Yc shall have
one law for him that sinneth'' through
ignorance, hotli for him that is born
among the children of Israel, and for
the stranger that sojouvneth among
them.

^^ l)ut the soul that doeth ourjht
presumptuously,^ loliethcr he be born

in the land, or a stranger, the same
reproacheth the Lord ; and that soul
shall be cut oft' from among his peo-
ple. ^^ IJecause he hath despised* the
word of the Lord, and hath broken
His commandment, that soul shall
utterly be cut off" ; bis iniquity*^ shall
be upon him."

^^And while the children of Israel
were in the wilderness, tlie}^ found a
man that gathered sticks upon the
sabbath day. ^^ And they that found
him gathering sticks brought him
unto Moses and Aaron, and unto all
the congregation. *^And they put
him in ward,' because it was not de-
clared what should be done to him.

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" The man shall be surely put to
death -J^ all the congregation shall
stone him with stones without the
camp."

'^*^ And all the congregation brought
him without the camp, and stoned him
with stones, and he died ; as the
Lord commanded Moses.

^'^And the Lord spake unto Mo-
ses, saying, ^^ " Speak unto the chil-
dren of Israel, and bid them that they
make them fringes" in the borders
of their garments throughout their
generations, and that they put upon
the fringe of the borders^ a ribbaiKF
of blue: ^'-'and it shall be unto you
for a fringe, that }'e may look upon
it, and remember all the command-
ments of the Lord, and do them ;
and that ye seek not after your own
heart and your own eyes, after which
ye use to go a whoring : ^"^that ye
may remember, and do all my com-
mandments,'^ and be holy unto your
(iod. "^'I am the Lord your God,
which brought you out of the land of
Egypt, to be your God : I am the
Lord your God."

WT 1 A.M. 3R34. B.C. 1607. Kadesii. ri OA
^VV X . J The rebellion of Korah. \_i-0\)

OW Korah," the son of Izhar,
the son of Kohath, the son of

b 2 Sa. 12, 9.

c Ez. 18, 20.

I (Not because
there were no di-
rections in the
matter, Ex. 31,
14, and 35, 2, but
because, as in the
case Le. 24, 10—
16, it was the
first instance of
the kind, and it
was therefore de-
sirable that the
punishment
should be exemr-
plary <fc solemn.)

d Pr. 13, 13.

K (A national cos-
tume or badge to
be adopted. An
appeal is thus
made to a power-
ful princijile in
our nature. Le
Clerc thinks that
the selection of
blue, the colour
of the high
]>riest's robe, Ex.
39, 22, may have
been designed to
intimate to the
wearer that he be-
longed to "a king-
dim of 2'riests,
a holy nation.")

A ...Upon the four
qiiartor.s {wings)
of thy vesture
wherewitli thou
covere.sttliyself.
De. 22, 12.

e Mat. 23, 5.

fi (When a thing
is appointed to
represent another
— no matter how
different, that
first object be-
comes the regular
represintative or
sign of the other.

The fringes,

being a2>pointed
by God to repre-
sent aiul h-ing to
mitul the com-
mandments of
God, the mention
or sight of them
conveyed the in-
telligence intend-
ed. Clarke.)

V (Korah.. .took
Dathan and A-
biram, ttc. Mau-
ra: Korah took,
i.e., gathered to
h imself men,
made /or himself
a party. IJauiD-
garteu.)

188

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. i

NUMBERS.

firU. 15, 20.
t 16, 25.

f C" This conapi-
racy" says Kittn,
" ocrurmlatjire-
cutely such a time
— i/ at one. time
fiwre than un-
ol/iei — t/iat wc
might ejcprct to
hrar n/ plots and
conspiracies a-

mollij the prop!'''

Thearratu/ejiu. nt
of the polilit'il ,[:
sacred adminis-
tration was still
remit. Thepeo-
ple were depress-
eil, and in a Jit
state to he tam-
pered with. The
late want of suc-
cess would induce
litem to listen to
any compla in Is as
to the Jilnrss of
th'ir Itadtrs.
Kiirah,ilescended
from a brother of
A mramy/ather of
3Ji ■ses anil Aa ran ,
heUmyed prolni-
I'ly tt) the elder
braiiih of the
Jamily. llathan,
Aliiram, and On
were of the tribe
of Ueuben, whose
pride would be
most hurt at thr
precedence, yivtn
to Judah.)

0 Ileb, It ismuch
/or you.

«■ (Kither to pray
to Gotl, or to pre-
vail with them to
desist.) Ve. 'Z'l.
Cli. 14, 6, and
20, e.

p (Will in some
way or other jus-
tify the locition
of them to their
eminent and se-
parate offices.)

/lSa.2, 28. Ts.
105,26. lize. 4-1,
15, IG.

g Ve. 26. Conip.
2 Ti. 2, 19, witli
vc. 26.

<r (Let the station
will rein you are
suffice you, and
aspire not after
greater diijnity.
Patrick.)

Jr (That is, mini.i-
ter in their room
and stead.)

< (They contended

1 that the, prirst-
hood ought not to

1 have been oppro-
\ printed to Aaron
I and hi.^ family.)
Jndc 11.

189

Levi, ami |);itli;ui iiiid Aliinuii, the
sons of Klinl), and On, tlic son of
Poleth, sons of litubcn, took men :
-anil they rusi'^ up before Mosi-s, with
certain of the ehil(h-cn of Israel, two
hundred and fifty princes of the as-
send)ly, famous in the couf^refi'ation,
men of renown : ''and they {;atliered
themselves together against Moses
and against Aaron, and said unto
them, " Ye take too much upon A'ou,°
seeing all the congi-egation are holy
every one of theni, and the Lord /*■
among them : wherefore then lift ye
up yourselves above the congregation
of the Loud?"

^ And when Moses heard //, he fell'^
upon his face: ■''and he spake unto
Korah and unto all his company,
saying, "Even to moiTow the Lonu
will shewP who are His, and ivlio is
holy ; and will cause him to ct)me
near unto Ilim : even liiin whom lie
hath chosen.^ will He cause to eo)ne
near^ unto Ilim. ''This do; Take
you censers, Korah, and all his com-
pany ; ''^and put fire therein, and put
incense in them before the Loud to
morrow : and it shall be that the
man whom the Loud doth choose, he
shall he holy : ye take too"^ much
upon you, ye sons of Levi."

*^And Aloses said unto Korah,
" Hear, I pray you, ye sons of
Levi : '-^seeinelh it Out a small thing
unto you, that the (Jod of Israel hath
separated you from the congregation
of Israel, to bring you near to Him-
self to do the service of the tabernacle
of the Loud, and to stand before the
congregation to minister'' imto them V
'"And He hath brought thee near to
Jlitii, and all thy brethren the sons
of Levi with thee : and seek ye the
priesthood" also ? *' For which cause
loth thou and all thy company are
gathered together against the Loud :
and what is Aaron, that ye munuur
against him ?"

'-And Moses sent to call Dathan
and Abiram, the sons of Eliab :
which said, " We will not coine up :

'■*/*■ // a small thing that ihou hast
brought us up out of a land that flow-
eth with milk and honev, to kill us
in the wilderness, exce])t thou make
thy.self altogether a prince*^ over us ?
"Moi'eover thou hast not brought tis
into a land that fioweth with niilU
and honey, or given us inheritance
of fields and vineyards : wilt thou
put^ out the eyes of these men V we
will not come up."

'■^And Moses was very wToth,'''
and said unto the Loud, " Respect
not Thou their otfering : I have not
taken one ass" fiom them, neither
have I hurt one of them."

'''And Moses said unto Korah,
" I3e thou and all thy company be-
fore the Loud, thou, and they," and
Aaron, to moiTow : '^and take every
man his censer, and put incense in
them, and bring yc before the Loud
every man his censer, two hundred
and fifty censers : thou^ also, and
Aaron, each of you his censer."

^^And they took every man liis
censer, and put fire in them, and laid
incense thereon, and stood in the
door of the tiibcrnacle of the congre-
gation with Moses and Aaron. '-'And
Korah gathered^ all the congregation
against them unto the door of the
tabernacle of the congregation : and
the glory of the Loud appeared unto
all the congregation.

^'And the Lokd spake unto Moses
and imto Aaron, saying, '■^'"Separate
yourselves from among this congre-
gation, that I may consume them in
a moment,"

^'•^And they fell upon their faces,
and said, "() (iod, the (Jod of the
spirits of all flesh, shall one man sin,
and wilt Thou be wroth with all the
congregation?"'

^^And the Loud spake* imto Mo-
ses, saying, '^*" Speak unto the con-
gi-egation, saying, (Jet you uj) from
about the taliernacle' of Korah, Da-
than, and Abiram."

-^And Moses rose up and went^

^ (Brought them
out of I'.g'jpt, a
very plentiful
country, whilf, he
hiid no real in-
tention ever to
bring them into
Canaan ; that he
designed only to
carry them afmit,
through innume-
rable diffiruHies,
until he coulil in-
ure them to ser-
vitude, and make
h imself altoge-
ther a prince over
them Sliuckford)

\ Hi'b., l>ore out.
(That is, ilo you
suppose till SI' men
arebliudfDntUc.
Can yon prevent
tliem from seeiny
what they now
see, tluit your
promises cannot
be drpendt:d
upon 1)

i/( (Indignant at
the unmerited ac-
cusations wh ich
were cast upon
him.)

to (Pi rhnps no
beast for the sad-
dle, such as were,
wont to be pre-
sent'd t*} great
persons, had befn
accepted by him.
So Samuel. 1 Sa.
12,3. Ac. 20, 33.
2 Co. 7, 2.)

a (Let every man
of tliem stanl lie.-
fore the Lord at
the door of the
tabernacle, to do
the office of
priests.)

P (Korah, to stand
by Aaron, since he
prelmded to be
Aaron's ajual.)

y (To be witnesses
of the issue of
the trial.)

i (Having granted
his jHtition.)

< (This srrms dis-
tinct from tlie
tents in vc. 27.)

f (In the hope, of
persuading those
who refused to
come to him.)

NU. 16, 26. 1
18,6. i

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3834.
I B.C. 1607.

h Ge. 19, 12, 14.
Is. 52, 11. 2 Co.
6, 17. Re. 18, 4.

^ (" The situation
of the two par-
ties" snysPnlfre.y,
" in rflation to
one another, when
in camp, teas such
as to afford them
all facilities for
exciting one an-
other's passions,
and maturing the
plot. The. allot-
ted place of the
tents of Reuben
was on the south
side of the court:
and hetu'een them
it the tabernacle
was the encamp-
ment of the Ko-
hathites, the divi-
sion of the Levi-
tical family to
which Korah he-
longed.")

r\ (The appointing
Aaron to be priest,
and the Levites to
minister, and his
uwlertaking the
government, and
appointingKorah
and his company
to tarce censers.
De. 18, 22. Zee.
2, 9, and 4, 9.
Jno. 5, 36.)

9 Heb., as every
man dieth,

I Heb., create a
creature.

K (Alive, from the
Saxon cwic.)

i Ch. 27, 3. De.
n, 6. Ps. 106,
17.

\ rXhiit is, the
servants of Ko-
rah, for his sons
had ru>t partici-
pated in their
father's crime, &
therefore did not
perish with him.)
Notwithstand-
ing the children
of Korah died
not. Ch. 26, 11.
(The sons of
Korah are often
mentioned in the
titles to the
Psalms and else-
where.)

)i (With unhal-
lowed h'lnil.t.)
AVhosh,ill stand
in His holy
pl.aeey...he that
liath clean hands
and a pure heart.
Ps. 24, 3, 4.

190

unto Dathan and Ablram ; and the
elders of Israel followed him. ^^ And
he spake unto the congregation, say-
ing, " Depart,'' I pray you, from the
tents^ of these wicked men, and touch
nothing of their' s, lest ye be con-
sumed in all their sins."

^^ So they gat up from the taber-
nacle of Korah, Dathan, and Abi-
ram, on every side : and Dathan and
Abiram came out, and stood in the
door of their tents, and their wives,
and their sons, and their little chil-
dren.

^And Moses said, "Hereby ye
shall know that the Lord hath sent
me to do all these works ;'' for / have
not done them of mine own mind.
^^ If these men die the common^ death
of all men, or if they be visited after
the visitation of all men ; then the
Lord hath not sent me. ^'^But if
the Lord make' a new thing, and
the earth open her mouth, and swal-
low them up, with all that appertain
unto them, and they go down quick''
into the pit ; then ye shall under-
stand that these men have provoked
the Lord."

^' And it came to pass, as he had
made an end of speaking all these
words, that the ground clave' asun-
der that was under them : ^'^and the
earth opened her mouth, and swal-
lowed them up, and their houses, and
all the men^ that appertained unto
Korah, and all their goods. ^^They,
and all that appertained to them,
went down alive into the pit, and
the earth closed upon them : and they
perished from aiuoug the congrega-
tion. 3^ And all Israel that were
round about them fled at the cry of
them : for they said, " Lest the earth
swallow us up also." ^^And there
came out a fire from the Lord, and
consumed the two hundred and fifty
men that offered incense.'*

^^And the Lord spake unto Mo-
ses, saying, ^7 " Speak unto Eleazar
the son of Aaron the priest, that he

take up the censers out of the burn-
ing," and scatter thou the fire yon-
der ; for they arc hallowed.^ ^'^The
censers of these sinners against their
own souls," let them make them
broad plates for a covering of the
altar :'" for they offered them before
the Lord, therefore they are hal-
lowed : and they shall be a signP un-
to the children of Israel."

^^ And Eleazar the priest took the
brasen censers, wherewith they that
were burnt had offered; and they
were made broad ^ilates for a cover-
ing of the altar : '^''Ho be a memorial
unto the children of Israel, that no
stranger, which is not of the seed
of Aaron, come near to offer incense
before the Lord ; that he be not as
Korah, and as his company : as the
Lord said to him by the hand of
Moses.

A.M. 3834. B.C. 1607.

The jyeople rnurmur at the i^unishment of

Korah.

[131

*^ BUT on the morrow all the con-
gregation of the children of Israel
murmured against Moses and against
Aaron, saying, " Ye have killed"^
the peojiile of the Lord."

^'"^And it came to pass, when the
congregation was gathered against
Moses and against Aaron, that they
looked toward the tabernacle of the
congregation : and, behold, the cloud
covered it, and the glory of the Lord
appeared. **'^And Moses and Aaron
came'' before the tabernacle of the
congregation.

^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '^-'^ " Get you up from among
this congregation, that I may con-
sume them as in a moment."

And they fell upon tlieir faces.

'*''And Moses said unto Aaron,
" Take a censer, and put fire therein
from off the altar, and put on incense,
and go quickly unto" the congrega-
tion, and malce an atonement for
them : for there is wrath gone out
from the Lord; the plague is begun."

V ( Out of the place
lohere they who
offered incense
were destroyed by
fire, ve. 35.)

f (Separated to the
use to which God
should appoint
them.)

0 C Wfio had
brought dcitruc-
tion on themselves
by their presump-
tion.)

7r (Not the altar
of incense, for
that was overlaid
withgoki, Ex.37,
26, and these cen-
sers were of
bra.'is, but the
altar of burnt
offering.)

p ('That God would
accept no sacri-
fices which were
not presented by
the hands of the
sons of Aaron.
Aaron was the
type of the High
Priest of our pro-
fession, Christ
Jesus.)

u (They thought
thatMoses might,
as on former oc-
casions, have
averted the pun-
ishment if he had
interceded with
God, (£■ they con-
sidered him the
eaiit:e of their
death by having
omitted to do so;
and not only that
indeed, but by ac-
tually calling for,
or at least declar-
ing, the punish-
ment which befell
those whom the
earth swallowed
up. We can see
that the case was
one which requir-
ed strong and
summary mea-
sures, but the
excited multitude
wouMnot see this.
Pic. Bib.)

T (Either for safe-
ty, or to hear
what directiotis
the Lord would
give.)

V (On ordinary
occasions incense
could only be of-
fered on the gold-
en altar within
the holy place,
but on this extra-
ordinary occasion
an extraordinary
remedy was pro-
vided. I'ic.Bib.)

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. ;

NUMBERS.

f NU. 16, 28.
t 18, 6.

^ (Thus trhilf
Aurcn p''r/i>rm''(i
thf duty of his
officf^ a sromd
divine Irstimon;/
tens givrn to him
by thf icithilrnic-
al of the ptayue,
as the Jirst hud
bfen by its iiijiic-
tion.)

x(Kathcr, "/or //(?
pl'iyue ic IS stay-
ed " it: there/on-
hr return' d t" the
tnl>Tniicl^,hiiviii;j
f.nished his busi-
ness.)

if> (" The name
of e/teh person^^'
Wilkinson re-
nt iiks, in refer-
lo the K'jyp-
-■. " ions J're-
Ity written
'''is stick, in-
■■» of whiih
ive seen in
found at
'■es.")

i" ' min Liter to
'I the priest-

I Heb., a rod for
tmaprincf, a rod
for one prinre.
(Thitir stnff of
t^ftt^ or sefptre,
ttMcA had hern
some year a
te ute, and teas
V*r/tctly dry.)

*^And Aaron took as Moses com-
nianck'd, and ran into the midst of
the congregation ; and, behold, the
l)]ague was begun among the people :
and he put on incense, and made an
atonement for the people. '**^ And he
stood between the dead and the liv-
ing ; and the plague was stayed.'''

'*'''Now they that died in the plague
were fourteen thousand and seven
hundred, beside them that died about
the matter of Korah.

*^And Aaron returned mito Afoses
imto the door of the tabernacle of the
congregation : and^ the plague was
stayed.

^ And the Loun spake unto Moses,

VA7TT 1 *^''^.^"^to' "^"^pf^^k unto the
'*- ' ■'^^•J children of Israel, and take
of every one of them a rod according
to the house of tlteir fathers, of all
their princes according to the house
of their fathers twelve rods : write
thou every man's name''' upon his
rod. ^And thou shalt \\Tite Aaron's
name upon the rod of Levi : for one
rod shall be for the head of the
house of their fathers. ^And thou
shalt lay them up in the tabernacle
of the congregation before the testi-
mony, where I will meet with 3'ou.
''And it shall come to pass, that the
man's rod, whom I shall choose,"
shall blossom : and I will make to
cease from Me the murmurings of
the children of Israel, whereby they
murmur against you."

^And Moses spake unto the chil-
dren of Israel, and every one of their
princes gave him a rod" apiece, for
each pnncc one, according to their
fathers' houses, even twelve rods :
and the rod of Aanjn was among
their rods. '^And Moses laid up the
rods before the Lord in the taber-
nacle of witness.

^ And it came to pass, that on the
morrow Moses went into the taber-
nacle of witness ; and, behold, the
rod of Aaron for the house of Levi
was budded, and brought forth buds.

and bloomed blossoms, and yielded
almonds.^

^And Moses brought out all the
rods from before the Ldkh unto all
the children of Israel : and they
looked, and took every man his rod.

**'And the Loud said unto Moses,
" Bring Aaron's rod* again before^
the testimony, to be ke])t for a token*
against the rebels ;• and thou slialt
quite take away their murmurings
from me, that they die not."

^' And Moses did so : as the Louu
commanded him, so did he.

The service and responsibility of the priests Pi Q 9
and the Levites. |_ X O ^

^^AND the children of Israel spake
unto Moses, saying, " IJehold, we
dicj^we perish, we all perish. '-^Who-
soever cometh any thing near unto
the tabernacle of the Loud shall die :
shall we be consumed with dying?"

^And the Loud said unto Aaron,
-j "Thou and thy sons and
ANlll.J ^ijy father's house with
thee shall bear"* the inicpiity of the
sanctuary : and thou and thy sons
with thee shall bear the inicpiity of
your priesthood. ^And thy bretln-en
also of the tribe of Levi,* the tribe
of thy father, bring thou with thee,
that they may be joined unto thee,
and minister unto thee: but thou and
thy sons with thee sliall minister be-
fore the tabernacle of witness. ^And
they shall keep thy charge, and the
charge of all the tabernacle : only
they shall not come nigh tlic vessels
of the sanctuary and the altar, that
neither they, nor ye also, die. ^And
they shall be joined, unto thee, and
keep the charge of the tabernacle of
the congregation, for all the service'
of the tabernacle : and a stranger
shall not come nigh unto you. ^And
ye shall keep the charge of the sanc-
tuary, and tlic charge of the altar :
that there be no wrath any more
upon the children of Israel. ^And
I, behold, I have taken* your bre-
thren the Lcvites from among the

(9 (This tnirnru-
lous testimony in
favour of Anron
tens ilf.iiyned to
tnke lulvnntage of
that .Hlote oj feel-
ing the reeeul stt-
lemn event hut
aius-d, in vrilcr
tn prevent a re-
currence of the
consjiiracy.)

k He. «, 4.

y rriiat is, liefore
the two tables of
the law.)

6 (A reserved
token, in aiUiition
to the covering of
the bniss platen,
tchich was expos-
ed in sight of the
children of It-
ratl.)

e Heb., children of
rebellion.

i (This language
shews that the
whole proceeding,
in connejcioH with
the previous pnn-
ishmentfiatl made
a salutary im-
pression on the
viindu of the peo-
pU.)

J) (I^st Aaron and
his sons might be
tf>o much elated
by recent events,
they are told that
they must bear
the blame of every
thing not proper-
ly conil'tcted in
the ritual ser-
vice.) Ch. 17, 13.
Ex. 28, 3«.

e (The Invites
were thus distin-
guisheil from the
priests, to whom
t/iey acted as as-
sistants. Their
con.tecrntion was
suhsei/uent to that
of the priests ;
they were initi-
ated by Aaron
ami not by Moses,
and a different
reretnnny accom-
panied their ini-
tiation. Sec ch.
8,7.)

I (It does not ap-
pear that the In-
vites, either when
at home, or on
service, had any
particular drtat.)

k Ch. 3, 12, 45.

191

FU.IS, 7. I
19, 15. (

NUMBERS.

( A.M. 3334.
"( B.C. 1607.

A (The. Leviles
might not ap-
proach to the. al-
tar toministe.rat
it, nor eat of the
sacrifices.) He.
9, 3, 6.

fi (The priests had
the tithes yearly
of all the Levites,
— about the hutt-
dredth part of
the increase of
all Israel. They
had alio all the
firstfruits of all
things, from all
persons throur/h-
out the twelve
tribes. De. IS, 4.
Nu.15,20. They
had also all the
firstborn of oxen,
sheep, and goats
tchich tvere given
them in kind ; ayid
the redemption
money ofthefirsl-
born, ajid rif un-
clean beasts. Nil.
3,46. Ex.22, -21).
34, 19. Do. 15,

19. They had
also all ohlntions,
both voluntnry &
hy vow, and the
resumption of
things devoted to
God; all sacri-
fices for sin and

trespass offer-
ings, it tlte meat
and drink offer-
ings, and heave
offerings ; the
breast it shoulder
in pence offer-
ings,and the skins
of the whole burnt
o.fferings; andaV
the tithes, first-
fruits and obla-
tions, were to be
<>f the bi'st sorts.
They h ad,besides,
thirt.i neiti. sand
their suburbs.)
Kx. 23, 19, and

20, 27. Le. 7,
••» ; 10, 14 ; and
22, 2. Dfi. 18, .3,
4. Ne. 10, 35.

V Ilcb., fat. Ve.
29.

f (These were of
many sorts ; 1. A
shenf, Le.2,3, 10;
2. Two wave
loaves, ch. 28, 2fi,
Le. 23. 15 ; 3. A
cake, ch. 15, 20 ;
4. In a basket,
Do. 26, 2; 5.
Without any set
proportion, I)«.
18,4. So Kx.22,
29; 2.3,19; and
.34, 22. Le. 2,
12. Kz. 44, 30.)

I Le. 27, 28.

m Ex. 13, 13, and
34, 20.

192

children of Israel : to you they are
given as a gift for the Loud, to do
the service"^ of the tahernacle of the
congregation. '^Therefore thou and
thy sons with thee shall keep your
priest's office for every thing of the
altar, and within the vail ; and ye
shall serve : I have given your priest's
office unto you as a service of gift :
and the stranger that cometh nigh
shall be put to death."

^And the Lord spake unto Aaron,
" Behold, I also have given thee the
charge of ]\Iine heave offerings of all
the hallowed things of the children
of Israel ; unto thee have I given
them by reason of the anointing, and
to thy sons, by an ordinance for ever.
^This shall be thine'* of the most holy
things, reserved from the fire : every
oblation of their' s, every meat offer-
ing of their' s, and every sin offi?ring
of their' s, and every trespass offering
of their' s, which they shall render
unto Me, sliall be most holy for thee
and for thy sons. ^'^ In the most holy
place shalt thou eat it ; every male
shall eat it : it shall be holy unto
thee. ^^And this is thine; the heave
offi^ring of their gift, with all the
wave offerings of the children of
Israel : I have given them unto thee,
and to thy sons and to thy daughters
with thee, by a statute for ever :
every one that is clean in thy house
shall eat of it. ''^All the best" of
the oil, and all the best of the wine,
and of the wheat, the firstfruits^ of
them which they shall offer unto the
Lord, them have I given thee. ^'^And
wliatsoever is first ripe in the land,
which they shall bring unto the
Lord, shall be tliine ; every one that
is clean in thine house shall eat of\i.
^■* Every thing devoted' in Israel shall
be thine. ^■'^ Every thing that open-
eth the matrix in all flesh, which
they bring unto the Lord, whether
it he of men or beasts, shall be thine :
nevertlieless the firstborn of man'"
shalt thou surely redeem, and the

firstling of unclean beasts" shalt thou
redeem. ^''And those that are to be
redeemed from a month old shalt thou
redeem, according to thine estimation,
for the money of five° shekels, after
the shekel of the sanctuary, which
is twenty gerahs.'' ^"' But the first-
ling of a cow, or the firstling of a
sheep, or the firstling of a goat, thou
shalt not redeem ; they are holy :
thou shalt sprinkle their blood upon
the altar, and shalt burn their fat
for an offering made by fire, for a
sweet savour unto the Lord. ^^And
the flesh of them shall be thine, as
the wave breast and as tlie right
shoulder are thine. ^^All the heave
offerings of the holy things, which
the children of Israel offer unto the
Lord, have I given thee, and thy
sons and thy daughters with thee,
by a statute for ever : it is a covenant
of salf^ for ever before the Lord unto
thee and to thy seed with thee."

^•^And the Lord spake unto Aaron,
"Thou shalt have noP inheritance in
their land, neither shalt thou have
any part among them : I am thy
part and thine inheritance among the
children of Israel. ^^And, behold,
I have given the ehildi'en of Levi all
the tenth"" in Israel for an inheritance,
for their service which they serve,
even the service of the tabernacle of
the congregation. ^^ Neither must
the children of Israel henceforth come
nigh the tabernacle of the congrega-
tion, lest they bear sin, and die.'^
^^But the Levites shall do the service
of the tabernacle of the congregation,
and they shall bear their iniquity ; it
shall be a statute for ever through-
out your generations, that among the
children of Israel they have no inhe-
ritance. ^* But the tithes'? of the
children of Israel, which they offer as
an heave oi'i'ering unto the Loi;n, I''
have given to the Levites to inherit :
thercifore I have said unto them,
among the children of Israel they
shall have no inheritance."

n Le. 27, 27.

0 (1U-. W.)

p Es. 30, 13. Lo
27, 25. Ez. 45, 12

7r (A slipuhUed
salary. Dathe.
When solemn
contracts were,
ratified, a dish of
salt, as a symbol
of their perma-
nence, was tn rea-
diness, that each
of the contracting
parties might eat
a few grains. For
this reason an ir-
rerorably, erer-
lasti/igly, perma-
nent covenant is
called, Nu. 18,
19; 2 €hr. 13,
5, a covenant of
salt. Roscnmiil-
ler.) Le. 2, 13.

p (An ordinance
tending manifest-
ly to srcirre their
proper nt/entiim
to their Jiitir-:, ,f-
their d/.'^pcrsion
in snuill settle-
ments of th
own, througlu
Judiia.)

(T (Thus enabling
them to devote
their tvhole atten-
t!o7i to their du-
ties, and giving
them station and
infiuence among
till' people. The
Livites had thir-
t;/-five cities and
suburbs, twice at
least more than
some other tribes
had that were
double their 7ium-
ber. See also ch.
31, 30, 47.)

T Heb., to die.

q At the end of
three years tliou
shalthrinKfortli
all the tithe of
thine increase
the same year,
and shalt lay it
lip within thy
gates : and tlie
Levite, (because
he hath no part
nor inheritance

with thee)

sliall come, and
shall eat, and be
satisiiod ; that
the Loud tliy
God may liless
thee in all the
work of thine
hand wliic-li thou
docst. De. 14
28, 29.

r Mai. 3, 8, 9.

A.M. 3834. 1
B.C. 1607. >

NUMBERS.

(inj.18,7.

^ 19, 15.

V (ShnU lit as m ucli
ncerpted as ifym
httii rrc-hed
lands with the
otlwr trilirs, and
paid tilhfs as
thty did.)

s No. 10, .38.

01Iiib.,/<i<, ve.l2.

X (As /r rely to he
use.! by you, as
the inerense of
any Israelite,
wlinse tithe hwJ
letn paid.)

t Mat. 10, 10. Lu.
10, 7. 1 Co. <),
13. 1 Ti. 5, 18.

^ (Indir/itive, —
Tlius ye shall he
free from guilt,
and (so doing)
shall not pro-
fane.)

■ (The ordinance
of the red h ifer
urns a sacrijic- of
general applica-
tion. All the pi o-
ple were to have
an interest in it,
and therefore the
people at Inrje
mere to provide
the sacrifice.

Clarke.)

N If the blood of
balls and of
goats, and tho
ashes of an Iioi-
fer sprinkling
the unclean,
Mnctilieth tothc
onrifying of the
nesh, li<i\r much
more shall the
bloo<l of Christ,
who through the
Eternal Spirit
offered Himself
without spot (or
fault) to CJod,
purge your con-
•ciencc from
dead works t<i
aervc the living
Ood. He. 9, 13,
14.

» De. 21, 3. 1 Sa.

0 He. 13, 11.

f.Vnf Aaron,
ptrhnps, Itecnusf
»«w<u.; the High

Priest upon

whose head the
anointing oil
1 poured (who
i(}...not go in
toanydeadb<><ly
(nor) go out of
the sanctuary...
Le.21, 10— 12.

193

^And the Lokd spake unto Moses,
saying, ^''"Tlms speak unto tlie Lc-
vite.s, and say unto them, When ye
take of the children of Israel the
tithes which I have given you from
them for your inheritance, then ye
shall otter up an heave offering of it
for the Loud, even a tenth jiart of
the tithe. ^^ And tliis your lieave
oticring shall be reckoned unto you,
as though" it ivere the corn of the
threshingtloor, and as the fulness of
the winepress. ^^Thus ye also shall
oti'er an heave oftenng unto the Lord
of all your tithes, which ye receive"
of the children of Israel ; and ye
shall give thereof the Lord's heave
olVering to Aaron the priest. -''Out
of all your gifts ye shall offer every
heave offering of the Lord, of all
the best"^ thereof, even the hallowed
part thereof out of it. ^Therefore
thou slialt say unto them, AVhen ye
have heaved the best thereof from it,
then it shall be counted unto the Le-
vites asx the increase of the threshing-
floor, and as the increase of the wine-
press. "^^ And ye shall eat it in every
place, ye and your households : for
it is your reward' for your service in
the tabernacle of the congregation.
*-' And ye shall'^ bear no sin by reason
of it, when ye have heaved from it
the best of it : neither shall ye pol-
lute the holy things of the children
of Israel, lest ye die."

VJY 1 A.M. .^s.34. B.C. 1G07. ri '^'^

*^^'^-J DkSERT OK Wa.vdeuixo. [_100
The water of purification.

AND tlie Lord spake unto Moses
and unto Aaron, saying, 2" This
is the ordinance of the law which the
Lord hath conniianded, saving, Speak
unto the children" of Israel, that they
bring thee a red heifer" without .spot,
wherein is no blemish, and upon
which, never came yoke :" ^ and ye
shall give her unto Kleazar the ])riest,
that he may bring her forth without"'
the camp, and one shall slay her be-
fore his face : ■* and Eleazar' the priest

shall take of her blood with his finger,
and sprinkle of her blood directly
before the tabernacle of the congre-
gation seven times : ^ and one shall
burn the heifer in his sight ; her
skin,^ and her flesh, and her blood,
with her dung, shall he burn : ''and
tlie priest shall take cedar wood, and
hyssop, and scarlet, and cast it into
the midst of the burning of the heifer.
^ Then the priest shall wash his
clothes, and he shall bathe his flesh
in water, and afterward he shall come
into the camp, and the priest shall
be unclean" until the even. **And
he that bumeth her shall wash his
clothes in water, and bathe his flesh
in water, and shall be unclean until
the even. ^And a man tliat is clean
shall gather up the ashes of the heifer,
and lay them up without the eamj) in
a clean place, and it shall be kept
for the congregation of the children
of Israel for a water of sei^>aration :
it is a purification for sin. ^'^And
he that gathereth the ashes of the
heifer shall wash his clothes, and be
unclean until the even : and it shall
be unto the children of Israel, and
unto the stranger that sojourneth
among them, for a statute for ever.

"lie that toucheth the dead^ body
of any manv shall be unclean seven
days. *2 \\q sliall purify himself*
with it on the third day, and on the
seventh day he shall be clean : but
if he purify not himself the third
day, then the seventh day he shall
not be clean. '•''Whosoever toucheth
the dead body of any man that is
dead, and purifieth not him.-^elf, de-
fileth the tabernacle of the Lord ;
and that soul shall be cut oft' from
Israel : because the water of separa-
tion was not sprinkled upon him, he
shall be unclean ; his uncleanness is
yet upon him.

"This is the law, when a man
dieth in a tent : all that come into
the tent, and all that is in the tent,
shall be unclean seven days. '•''And
every open* vessel, which hath no

,'/ The bodies

of those liraHts,
whoso blood is
brought into tho
sanctuary by the
High I'ricst for
sin, are bunied
without the
canij). He. l:'..
11. K-X. 'Hi), 11.
Le. 4, 11.

o (Every person
uhii had to do
with this ordi-
nance, verses 8,
10, 21, Itrcome
uue'.ean, typify
iiig Him who)
...wasnunihered
with the trans-
gressors... Is. M,
12. Some began
to spit on Him,
and to cover His
face, and to buf-
fet Him Ma.

15,65.

fi (The imnudiale
occasion of this
law gives it great
solemnity. It
doubtless had
connexion with
the muttitwle oj
the dead liodi'S oj
those who per-
iaheA in the re-
bellion of Koruh.
It would sul'Or-
dinately serve to
procure the
speedy interment
of the dead.) Lo.
21, 1. La. 4, 14.
Hag. 2, 13.

Y Heb., soul oj
man.

S (In a symlyolical
religion likt the
Mosaic, the nf-igh-
bourhood or toi.ej,
of a deoii boiiy
teas most fitly re-
garded as farm-
ing an interrup-
tion to the inter-
course hrtwetn
God and His
peopU, as plac-
ing them in a
conilition of tz-
lemal unfitness
for approach-
ing the sanctuary
of His presence
and glory, or
tven for having
freediym to go out
and in among the
living in Jerusti-
Um. Kairbaini.)
I.e. 15, 31 ; 21, I.
I.a. 4, 14. Hag.
2, 13.

: Ix-. 11, 32.
31, 2G.

2 C

Cli

NU 19,16.
21 5.

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3873.
1 B.C. 1568.

c (See the practice
that resulted
from this law.
Eze. 39, 14, 15.;

f Heb., dust.

rj Heb., living wa-
tTS shall be
given.

0 (This water of
separation muM
have been in con-
stant reqw^st.
For how was it
vossible that nni/
person could die
and be buried
without the con-
tact of him by
one or more at-
tendants. Chal-
mers.)

(So called be-
cause the ashes
mixedicith water,
ve. 17, separated
from unclean-
ness, i.e., sanc-
tified.)

K (At ch. 33 we
have the names
o/sixteen stations
bearing names
apparently given
from local cir-
cumstances—
Jiimmon-parez
{p'imegranntes),
(£■ Libnah (frank-
incense), lie.
These afford no
clue to their po-
sition, and we
can only conjec-
ture that their so-
journ was to and
fro in the region
bearing at this
day the name of
Et-Tyh, Desert of
Wandering.)

\ (Somewhere ir,
the south of Pa
lestine, west of
Idum-a. This is
a different place
from Sin. Ch.
17, 1.)

y. (The first month
of the fortieth
year.)

V (She must have
been consid^;rab^y
above a huwlred
and twenty years
old.)

f (This was the
serj)nd visit to
Kadesh. See ch.
13, 28, but they
spake not then of
water ; prhaps
or the water from
Horeh had ceas-
ed.)

covering bound upon it, is unclean.
^•^And whosoever toucheth one that
is slain^ with a sword in the open
fields, or a dead body, or a bone of
a man, or a gi-ave, shall be unclean
seven days.

^^ And for an unclean person they
shall take of the ashes^ of the burnt
heifer of purification for sin, and run-
ning'' water shall be put thereto in a
vessel : ^^ and a clean person shall
take hyssop, and dip it in the water,
and sprinkle it upon the tent, and
upon all the vessels, and upon the
persons that were there, and upon
him that touched a bone, or one slain,
or one dead,^ or a gi*ave : ^^ and the
clean iJcrson shall sprinkle upon the
unclean on the third day, and on the
seventh daj^ : and on the seventh day
he sliall purif}' himself, and wash his
clothes, and bathe himself in water,
and shall be clean at even. '^^ But
the man that shall be unclean, and
shall not purify himself, that soul
shall be cut off from among the con-
gregation, because he hath defiled
the sanctuary of the Lord : the water
of separation' hath not been sprinkled
upon him ; he is unclean. "^^ And it
shall be a perpetual statute unto them,
that he that sprinkleth the water of
separation shall wash his clothes ;
and he that toucheth the water of
separation shall be unclean until even.
^^ And whatsoever the unclean loerson
toucheth sliall be unclean ; and the
soul that toucheth it shall be unclean
until even."

("A pprind of more th.an thirty-seven years passes

without remark. The cliildreii of Israel are again

at Kadesh. This locality, on the borders of the

promised land, titly connects the two periods.)

W 1 A.M. .3873. B.C. 1568. Kadesh. f] QA
-'*--^ 'J The people murmur for water. \_^ '-'^

THEN came* the children of Israel,
even the whole congregation, into
the desert of Zin^ in the firsf^ month :
and the peo])le abode in Kadesh ; and
jMiriam" died thei'e, and was buried
there.

^ And there was no water^ for the

congregation : and they gathered
themselves together against Moses
and against Aaron. ^ And the people
chode with Moses, and spake, saying,
" Would God that we had died when
our brethren died before the Lord !
*And why have ye brought up tlie
congregation of the Lord into this
wilderness, that we and our cattle
should die there? ^And wherefore
have ye made us to come up out of
Egypt, to bring us in unto this evil°
place ? it is no place of seed, or of
figs, or of vines, or of pomegranates ;
neither is there any water to drink. "'^
^And Moses and Aaron went from
the presence of the assembly unto
the door of the tabernacle of the
congregation, and they fellP upon
their faces : and the glory of the
Lord appeared unto them.

'^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Take the rod, and gather
thou the assembly together, thou, and
Aaron thy brother, and speak"" ye
unto the rock before their eyes ; and
it shall give forth his water," and thou
shalt bring forth to them water out
of the rock : so thou shalt give the
congregation and their beasts drink."

^ And Moses took the rod from
before the Lord, as He commanded
him.

^^And Moses and Aaron gathered
the congregation together before the
rock, and he said unto them, " Hear''
now, ye rebels ; must we fetch you
water out of this rock?"

^^ And Moses lifted up his hand,
and with his rod he smote the rock
twice : and the water came out abun-
dantly, and the congregation drank,''
and their beasts also.

^2 And the Lord spake unto Moses
and Aaron, "Jiccause ye believed Me
not, to sanctify Me in the eyes of the
children of I.srael, therefore ye shall
not bring tliis congregation into the
land which I have given them."

^■^This is the water of IMeribah ;"
because the children of Israel strove

0 (It is evident
that in the re-
gions where the
Israelites had
icandered there
was found a suffi-
ciency of pastur-
age; this and wa
ter now seem to
fail.)

— ( Possibly during
this long time the
people had been
very obedient, but
here, although
now in sight of
the promiscl
land, the chil-
dren repeat the
folly of the pa-
rents. On the
slightest priva-
tion of their com-
forts they com-
]>lri in, — Jit type of
Chrisliiiiis, pro-
fessing to look to
heaven as their
home, yet mur-
viiiring at their
earthly lot.)

p (As on every
such occasion.)

a (Perhaps to dis-
sipate any super-
stitious bilief in
the virtue of the
rod.)

a They thirsted
not when He led
them through
the deserts : He
caused tlie wa-
ters to How out
of the rock for
them : He clave
the rock also, &
the waters gush-
ed out. Is. 48,
21.

T (In this latigunge
inipiitit nre, jietu-
hince, anil dis-
trust of God are
manifested by
Moses, and the
display is the
more improper,
as God vms about
to put the people
in possession of
the promised
land.)

h Ex. 17, 6. De.
8,15. 1 Co. 10, 4.

V That is, strife.

194

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1668. i

NUMBERS.

/ NU. 19, 16.

i 21 5.

P (If <'(« d\slTtiS

xcfrt Similar, we
miijhl lir/orrhiiml
ejeprcttofi'uithnl
tlie liiviuf aid
tciiitUi be repeat-
ed.)

i, Ju. 11, IG, 17.

X Thou Khiilt nnt
nblior Rii Kdiiiii-
itr: fur liristhv
lir.itlier...l)i'. -A
7, niid 2, 4, &c.
Ob. 10, 12.

if) Hob., found tis.
Ex. 18,8.

a (Two hundred
find tiftrin i/fjirs.
Ex.l'2, 40.)

3 Ex. 1, 11. De.
2«, 6. Ac. 7, 19.

c Sighed by

reason of the
bondage, & they
cried, and their
cry came up un-
to Uod...Kx. 2,
23.

d Kx.3,2: 14,19;
2.3, 20; & 33, 2.
Xu. 21, 21.

11, 17.

li. a% 37.
h 21,4.

..-. 25. 8. Ch.
:. 13, and 31, 2.
le. .32, 50.

with the Loiu), and He wu.s^ sancti-
fied iu them.

^^ And Moses scnt*^ messengers
from Kadesh unto the kini^ of Edom,
" Thus saith thy brotlierx Israel,
'{"hou knowest all the travel that
hath befallen"'' us: '•''how our fathers
went down into Egypt, and wc have
dwelt in Egypt a long* time; and
tiie Egyptians vexed^ us, and our
fathers: "^and when we cried'' unto
the Loi:n lie heard our voice, and
sent an Angel,'' and hath brought us
forth out of Egypt : and, behold, we
are in Kadesh, a city in the utter-
most of thy border: '"^let us pass, I
pray thee, through thy country : we
will not pass through the fields, or
through the vineyards, neither will
we drink of the water of the wells :
we will go by the king's Jiigh way,
we will not turn to the right hand
nor to the left, until we have passed
thy borders."

'*^ And Edom said unto him, "Thou
shalt not pass by me, lest I come out
against thee with the sword."

*^And the children of Israel said
unto him, " We will go by the high
way:* and if I and my cattle drink
of thy water, then I will pay for it :
I will only, without doing any thing
else., go through on my feet."

=*And he said, "Thou shalt not/
go through."

And Edom came out against him
with much people, and with a strong
hand. ^'Thus Edom refused to give
Israel passage through his border :
wherefore Israel turned away from
hhn.

^And the children of Israel, even
the whole congregation, journeved
from Kadesh,^ and came unto mount
Ilor.'^

'■^''And the Lord spake unto Moses
and Aaron in mount Ilor, by the
coast of the land of Edom, saying,

''^'*" Aaron shall be gathered' unto
his people : for he .shall not enter
into the land which I have given

unto the children of Israel, because
ye rebelled*' against My word')' at the
water of Meribah. ^-''i'ake Aaron
and Eleazar his son, and bring them
up unto mount Ilor: "'^'^and strip'
Aaron of his gannents, and put
them upon Elea/ar his son : and
Aaron shall be gathered unto liis
people., and shall die'" there."

'•^•^And Moses did as the Loku
commanded : and they went up into
mount Ilor* in the sight of all the
congregation. "'^'^And Moses stripped
Aaron of his garments,' and put
them upon Eleazar his son ; and
Aaron died there in the top of the
mount:" and Moses and Eleazar
came down from the mount.

"'And when all the congregation
saw that Aaron was dead," they
mourned for Aaron thirty^' days,
even all the house of Israel.

XXL] ,

A.M. 3873. n.c. 1568.

Moi'NT Hon (Jebel Uaroun).

The Jit ry serpents.

[13;

AND v:he7i king Arad the Ca-
naanitc, which dwelt in the
south, heard tell that Israel came by
the way of the spies ;^ then he fought
against Israel and took so)ne of them
prisoners.

'"^And Israel vowed a vow unto
the Loud, and said, "If Thou wilt
indeed deliver this people into my
hand, then I will utterly destroy
their cities."

^And the Lord hearkened to the
voice of Israel, and delivered up the
("anjianites ; and they utterly de-
stroyed them and their cities.

And he called the name of the
place llormah.''

■•And they journeyed from mount
Ilor by the way of the Ked sea, to
compass the land of Edom :'! and
the soul of the people was much dis-
couraged* because of the way. ''And
the people spake ag.iinst (Jod, and
against Moses, " NN'herefore have ye
bi-ought us up out of I-gyi)t to die

k They provoked
liiHKpirit, sothat
he spake unad-
visedly witli his

lips. r«. IOC, ;i3.

y lleb., mouth.

! .\aron the priest
went up into
niciunt Ilor, al
the ciiinniand-
uient of the
l.oiii), and died
there, iu the for-
tieth year after
the children of
Israel were
cunie out of the
land of Kgypt, in
the tirst day of
the tifth month,
and Aaron was
nn hundred and
twenty & three
vears old when
iie died...Ch.33,
38,39.

m (Christ) be-
cause He con-
tinueth ever,
hath an un-
changeable {that
pans'lh not from
one tu another)
priesthood. He.
7, 24.

5 (Dr. Wilson, in
describing the
view from nU'Unt
Ilor, sti/.i, " The
wild sublimit;/, <t
grandeur, <fr ter-
ror, of the new <t
wonderful scene
around and un-
derneath us, over-
awed our stiuU.
We were seated
on the very
throne, as it ap-
peared to us, of
desolation it-
self:-)

e (His priestly
robes.)

n Cb. 33, 38.

0 He. 7, 23.

p De. 34,8.

f (Rather, the way
of Atharim, the
proper name nf a
place in the smith
of IhileMine.)

1} Tliat is, utter
drslruction. ("Ua-
tlier, a drioting
<« destruction.
TU is was nrt car-
rieil into effect till
nfti r the death oi
Joshua.)

q Ju. 11, 18.

9 Or, grieved.

Heb., shortened.

Ex. 6, 9.

195

NTJ. 21, 6. }

22, 9. ;

NUMBERS.

(A.M. 3873.
1 B.C. :

1568.

I (In De. 8, 15 we
are told that the
wiltlerness in
mhich the chil-
dren of Israel so-
journed abound-
ed in " fiery scr-
ponts, and scor-
liions, and
.Iroiight." "The
testimony of tra-
uellers,"sa ,'sK il-
to, " respfcting
the frequency oj
serpents in these
pirts is very re-
markable.")

r Ps. 78, 34.

K (The epithet
"fi ry" was pro-
bably applied to
the serpents both
from their colour,
and the burning
inflitmmatimi of
their bite.)

K (This see7n.s to
typify Christ in
" the likeness" of
sinful Jlfsh, Ro.
8, 3, yet without
sin.) 2 Ki. 18,
4. Jno.3, 14, 15.

fi f)r, Heaps of
Abttrim. Ch. 33
44.

1/ (That is, east of
Moab. The He-
brews, when
speaking of the
quarters of the
heavens, consi-
dered themselves
as facing the
east; hence the ex-
pression, " h ind-
er seji," Zee. 14,
8, means western
sea — the MediUr-
ranean.)

f (Called the

brook Zered

De. '2, 13. After
this they pitched
at Dibon-gad.)

o (At Almon-
diblathnim. Nil.
.33, 46. Je. 4S,
'22. Eze. 6, 14.)

s Dc. 2, 24, and
.3, 8, 16. Jos. 12,
1. Is. 16, 2. Je.
48, 20.

It Or, Vaheb in
Suphah.

p Ileb., leaneth.

1S6

in the wilderness? for there is no
bread, neither is there any water ;
and our soul loatheth this light
bread."

^And the Lord sent fier}"' ser-
pents among the people, and they
bit the people ; and much people of
Israel died.

^ Therefore the people came to
jNIoses, and said, "We have sin-
ned,'' for we have spoken against
the Lord, and against thee : pray
unto the Lord, that He take away
the serpents fi-om us."

And Moses prayed for the people.

^And the Lord said unto Moses,
"Make thee a fiery* serpent, and
set it upon a pole : and it shall come
to pass, that every one that is bitten,
when he looketh upon it, shall live."

^And Moses made a serpent^ of
brass, and put it upon a pole, and
it came to pass, that if a serpent had
bitten any man, when he beheld the
serpent of brass, he lived.

^° And the children of Israel set for-
ward, and pitched in Oboth. ^^And
they journeyed from Oboth, and
pitched at Ije-abarim,'^ in the wil-
derness which is before" Moab, toward
the sunrising. ^-From thence they
removed, and pitched in the valley
of Zared.^ ^^From thence they re-
moved, and pitched on the other"
side of Arnon, which is in the wil-
derness that Cometh out of the coasts
of the Amoritcs : for Arnon* is the
Ijorder of j\Ioab, between Moab and
the Amorites. ^^ Wherefore it is said
in the book of the wars of the Lord,
" What'' He did in the Red sea, and
in the brooks of Arnon, ^'^and at the
stream of the brooks that goeth down
to the dwelling of Ar, and licthP upon
the border of Moab." ^*'And from
thence they went to lieer : that is the

well whereof the Lord spake unto
Moses, " Gather the people together,
and I will give them water."

^■^Then Israel sang this song,
" Spi-ing"" up, 0 well ;

Sing^ ye unto it :
^^The princes digged the well.

The nobles of the people digged it.

By the direction o/the lawgiver,*

With their staves."

And fi-om the wilderness" they went
to Mattanah : ^^and fi-om Mattanah
to Nahaliel : and fi-om Nahaliel to
Bamoth : ^°and from Bamoth in the
valley, that is in the country''' of
Moab, to the top of PIsgah,x which
looketh toward Jeshimon.'''

^^ And Israel sent messengers unto
Sihon king of the Amorites, saying,
2'^ "Let me pass through thy land:
we will not turn into the fields, or
into the vineyards ; we will not drink
of the waters of the well : hut we
will go along by the king's high way,
until we be past" thy borders."

2^ And Sihon would not sufter Is-
rael to pass through his border : but
8ihon gathered all his people toge-
ther, and went out against Israel
into the wilderness : and he came to
Jahaz,' and fought against Israel.
^* And Israel smote" him with the
edge of the sword, and possessed his
land from Arnon unto Jabbok, even
unto the children of Amnion : for the
border of the children of Amnion ivas
strong." 2^ And Israel took all these
cities : and Israel dwelt in all the
cities of the Amorites, in Heshbon,
and in all tlie villages^ thereof. '^^ For
Heshbon icas the city of Sihon the
king of llic Amorites, who had fought
against the former king of Moab, and
taken all his land out of his hand,
even unto Arnon.v 27 Wherefore they
that speak in proverbs^ say.

" Come into Heshbon,
Let the city of Sihon be built and prepared :
2** For there is a fire" gone out of Heshbon,
A flame from the city of Sihon :

<7 Ileb., ascend.

T Or, answer.

S (The well tvhich
thepriiicesdigged
the b-iiders of the
people hollowed
out, with the scep-
tre, with their
stoves. Maurer.
The sense seems
to be, that the
princes caused
the people to dig
it by their autho-
rity. Rosen-
miiller.)

V (In verses 18—
20 a survey is
frst tnken of the
stations of the Is-
rnditts march-
ing through the
desert to Arboth
Moab ; then fol-
lows, in verses
21 — 31, an histo-
rical filling up
the deiciils.)

<ji Ueh., field.

X Or, The hill.

ifj Or, The wilder-
ness.

lo (Though Sihon
was devoted to
destruction, yet
this course ren-
dered him the
more inexctisnble,
and the Justice of
his destruction
more conspicu-
ous. Kidder.)

t De. 2, 32, and
29,7. Ju.ll, 20.

u Jos. 12, 1, and
21, S. No. 9, 22.
Rs. 1.%, 11, and
13G, 19. Am. 2,
9.

a (Mountainous.)

pileh., daughters.

y (Burckhardt
says that this
river flows in a
rocky bed, in a
channel so deep
and prerijiilnus
as to nppi'iir in-
accessible. Ihnce
its value as a
boundary.)

5 (Hence the poets
soy, •' Come, It
Heshbon be re-
built, let the city
of Sihon be re-
established'')

V Jc. 48, 15, 46.

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

NUMBERS.

J Fa. 21, 6.
i 22, 9.

,• I have pivpn
Armitotliochil-
ilivn of Lot for
a jiossi'ssioii.
Dr. -.',9. Is. 15,
1.

« ,lu. 11,24. IKi.

11, 7. -i Ki. -i-l,
1.!. .Ic.lH, 7, i;l.
(Tl.f iiatioiml ijml
of thr Monl'iUs
aiul AmmoniUs.)

f .Verses 27 and

28 rtconl the
yrent power of
th-- Ainorites : ve.
2il. the \ceiiknrss
of the iloiihite.s ;
ami ve. 30, the
triumph of the
Jsni'^lites. Is.
15, •->.)

: Tazer. nnil

tin- land of (;i-

l,.iiit was a

pl;u-e for cattle.
Nil. 3-», 1.

g l>e. 3, 1, and
29, 7.

t,(Onfo/h!schi>/
toirns. Jos. 13,

12. De. 1, 4,
an J 3, 1.)

z ....Of; king of
B.islian reniain-
od of ttir rem-
nant of Ki'tnts.
Ue. 3, 11.

9 (These pl'iins
xcer: soircely
lic*» lr(i(fues in
brett'lth, lying
a'on'/ the enstern
bank of the Jor-
dan, opposit'i to
llie pltiins of Je-
richo. There the
Jxriielites XO-
juumetl at the
time of Balaam a
propheci'.i, and
during the pro-
tuulgatiim nf the
law, as given in
Deuteronomy.)

(This phrase
way be. use^l in a
two/old point of
pine, either as in-
timating theposi-
" m of tkf writer,
at containing
general anti
Itaikting ge/>jra-
pkiral designa-
tion. The former
its meaning
here, it having a
subjective refer-
\encr.tothe writer,
Ibeing at the lime
Ion the east side
lofjontin, oppo-
\site to Jtricho.)

It liatli consumed Ar"" of Moab,

A)i(l the lords of the high places of Arnon.

*' " Woe to thee, Moab !
Thou art undone, 0 people of Cheniosh :*
lie hath given his sons that escaped,
And liis daughters, into captivity
I'nto Sihon king of the Amorites.

*' " AVe have shot at them ;
llcshbon is perished even unto Dibon,
And we have laid them waste even unto Nophah,
Which rcachdh unto Medeba."^

^^Thus Israel dwelt in the land of
the Amorites.

•''■- And Moses sent to spy out
Jaazar,-^ and they took the villages
thereof, and drove out the Amorites
that were there. •

^And they turned^ and went up
by the way of Hashan : and Og the
king of liashan went out against
them, he, and all his people, to the
battle at Edi-ei.''

^And the Loud said unto Moses,
"Fear- him not: for I have delivered
him into thy hand, .and all his people,
and his land ; and thou slialt do to
him as thou didst unto Sihon king of
the Amorites; which dwelt at Ilesh-
bon."

^So they smote him, and his son.'^,
and all his peo])le, until there was
none left hiiii alive : and they pos-
sessed his land.

XXII.] ^•"•'i^L,::,^^- [136

Dalak king of Monh sends for
Balaam.

AND the children of Israel set for-
ward, and pitched in the plains^
of Moab on this' side Jordan by
Jericho.

'^And I'alak the son of Zippor saw
all that Israel had done to the Amor-
ites.

^And Moab was sore afraid of the
people, because they were many : and
-Moab was distressed because of the

children of Israel. '^Aiid Moab said
unto the elders of Midian, " Now
.shall this company lick up all that
are round about us, as the ox licketh
up the grass of the field."

And IJalak the .son of Zippor was
king of the Moabites at that time.
'"' He sent messengers therefore unto
Balaam the son of Heor to Pethor,*
which is by the river of the land of
the children of his people, to call
him, saying, " llehold, there is a
people come out fiom Kgypt : behold,
thev cover the face^ of the earth, and
they abide over against me : ^ come
now therefore, I pray thee, curse me
this people ; for they are too mighty
for me : i)eradventure I shall prevail,
that we may smite them, and that 1
may drive them out of the land : for
I wot that he whom thou blessest is
blessed, and he whom thou cursest
is cursed."'*

'And the elders of Moab and the
elders of Midian departed with the
rewards of divination in their hand ;
and they came unto IJalaam, and
spake unto him the words of Balak.

''And he said unto them, " Lo<]ge
here this night, and I will bring you
word again, as the Lokd" shall speak
unto me."

And the princes of .Moab abode
with Ijalaam.

^And God came unto Balaam, and
said, " What men are these with
thee ?"

< (In De. 23, 1,
Pethor of ilrso-
pot'imla is said
to be Balaam's
dwellinij place,
and in cli. 2^, 7
he declarer that
he came from
" Aram, out of
the mountains
of the ea.st." The
river then is the
Euphrates: Pe-
thor tci.« situated
dt^uhtless among
the highlands of
Mesi'P'ilamia,
eighteen or twen-
ty days' journey
from iloah.)

\ Ileh., eye.

u (Balak nei d not
have feared Is-
rael if he had
known the prohi-
bitions of U(»l to
Israel. De. 2. 9,
which they obty-
cd. Ju. 3, 1.5.
2 Chr. 20, 10.
Th'-y took i>os.'es-
sion of U..tt part
of Monh only
whicA Sihnn htul
conquered.)

V (".So 1/ appears
he knew the true
Goil, and hail lie en
in the habit of
consulting Him.
Clarke )

lu;

NTJ. 22, 10. )
23 10. J

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3873.
I B.C. 1568.

f Heb., / shall
prevail in fi'jht-
iiig against him.

o (" Ohserve,"
s'i;/s Ainswortk,
" Satan's prac-
tic ugain.'it Goifs
word, seeking to
lessen the same,
and that Jrom
haivl to hand till
he bring it to
nought. Balaam
told the princes
less than God
told him, and
they relate to ISa-
lak less than he
toUi them; so that
when the answer
came to the king
of Mnab, it was
not the word of
God but the word
of man; it was
simply, Salaam
refujielh to come,
without ever in-
timating that
God had for-
bidden him.")

n Heb., he not thou
letted from, die.

p (This would
have weighed
very little with
one viho had a
proper knowledge
of men, and of
God.)

<r {Contrast this
with the stern-
ness of Micaiah,
1 Ki. 22, 14. 2
Chr. 18, 13 ; but
(he most compli-
ant dispositions
are gewrally the
least firm or
trustworthy.)

■ (This appears
to cimtradicl ve.
12. In the for-
vur passage " to
go " is tanta-
mount to " to
curse." Comp.
ve. 11. In the
letter this mean-
ing is excluded by
the addition, "but
yet the word,"
iCx. Besides, lla-
I'lam himself, ch.
23, 19, has the
clearest know-
ledge of the un-
changeableness of
God.)

^^ And Balaam said unto God,
" Balak the son of Zippor, king of
Moab, hath sent unto me, saying.,
'^Behold, there, is a people come out
of Egypt, which covereth the face of
the earth : come now, curse me them ;
peradventure I shall^ be able to over-
come them, and drive them out."

^^ And God said unto Balaam,
"Thou shalt not go with them ; thou
shalt not curse the people : for they
are blessed."

^^ And Balaam rose up in the
morning, and said unto the princes
of Balak, " Get you into your land :
for the Lord refuseth to give me
leave to go with you."

^^And the princes of Moab rose
up, and they went unto Balak, and
said, "Balaam refuseth° to come with
us."

^^And Balak sent yet again princes,
more, and more honourable than they.
^^ And they came to Balaam, and said
to him, " Thus saith Balak the son
of Zippor, Let nothing,'^ I pray thee,
hinder thee from coming unto me :
^^for I will promote thee unto very
great honour,? and I will do what-
soever thou sayest unto me : come
therefore, I pray thee, curse me this
people."

^*^And Balaam answered and said
unto the servants of Balak, "If Ba-
lak would give me his house full of
silver and gold, I cannot go beyond
the word of the Loud my God, to do
less or more. ^'^ Now therefore, I
pray you, tan*y ye also here this
night, that I may know what the
Lord will say unto me more."*^

'"^^^And God came unto Balaam at
night, and said unto him, " If the
men come to call thee, rise^ up, and
go with them ; but yet the word whicli
I shall say unto thee, that shalt thou
do."

^^ And Balaam rose up in the morn-
ing, and saddled his ass, and went
with the princes of Moab.

^^ And God's anger was kindled

because he went :" and the Angel of
the Lord stood in the way for an
adversary againsf^ him. Now he
was riding upon his ass, and his two
servants were with him.

^•^And the ass saw the Angel of
the Lord standing in the way, and
Ilis sword drawn in His hand : and
the ass turned aside out of the way,
and went into the field : and Balaam
smote the ass, to turn her into the
way. ^* But the Angel of the Lord
stood in a path of the vineyai-ds, a
wall being on this side, and a wall
on that side. ^^And when the ass
saw the Angel of the Lord, she
thrust herself unto the wall, and
crushed Balaam's foot against the
wall : and he smote her again. ^^And
the Angel of the Lord went further,
and stood in a narrow place, where
was no way to turn either to the
right hand or to the left. ^^ And
when the ass saw the Angel of the
Lord, she fell down under Balaam :
and Balaam's anger was kindled, and
he smote the ass with a staff.

2^ And the Lord opened^ the mouth
of the ass, and she said unto Balaam,
" What have I done unto thee, that
thou hast smitten me these three
times?"

^^And Balaam said unto the ass,
" Because thou hast mocked me : I
would there were a sword in mine
hand, for now would I kill" thee."

^*'And the ass said* unto Balaam,
'■'•Am not I thine ass upon''' whicli
thou hast ridden ever" since / was
thine unto this day? was I ever
wont to do so unto thee?"

And he said, " Nay."

^^Then the Lord opened the eyes
of Balaam, and he saw the Angel of
the Lord standing in the way, and
His sword drawn in His hand : and
he bowed*^ down his head, and fell
flat on his face.

^^And the Angel of the Lord said
unto him, " Wherefore hast thou
smitten thine ass these three times?
behold, I went out to withstand^

u (The Arabic ver-
sion seems to
have preserved
the true sense of
this passage," out
(f avarice," which
is conjirmed by 2
I'e. 2, 15. Ken-
nicott.)

<|) (Gnd gave him
the leave he ivas
evidently so muck
set upon, inter-
posing, however,a
check, viz., "if the
men come to call
thee," which, if he
had given heed to
it, might have
saved him. This,
Balaam, in his
rrigerness to go,
disregarded.)

X (The same Di-
vine power which
caused the dumb
ass, contrary to
its 7iature, to
speak, caused the
priiphet, in like
viiinner, to utter
blessings contra-
ry to his incli-
nation.)

a A. righteous
man regardcth
tlie life of his

beast I'r. 12,

10.

b The ilmiib

ass s]H'iil<iii,Lr
witli man's vciici'
forbad tbt^ mad-
ness of the pro-
phet. 2 I'c. 2,
IG.

xjj Heb., rohn hast
riilden upon me,

u> Or, ever since
thou wast, (fee.

a Or, bowed himr

serf

,8 Heb., to be an
adversary to thee.

198

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. ;

NUMBb:RS.

( NTT. 22, 10.
I 23 10.

y (Thy Will) is (U-
atntrtive in my
.ii;//it. Diith.', 1).'
W.tte, MauriT,
&c.)

S (//ma o/t'n nrr
ihr iw St Irifiiil
ndirreiices iii-
struntfnts of t "
pre.srrv*Jtitn of
our livfSf anil t/te
salvation nf onr
siiiiIji. C'larko.)

c lli'b., be evil in
Thine eyrj.

i (Dr. Chnhners
aai/s, " liaUiam
still persists in
his tcish to gn^
and evinces thf
operation of it,
notwilhstnwiiny
Die coii/rssion of'
his sinfulness^ by
submiuinij it as
a question to be
determined by
t/te A ngel, whe-
t/ter he s/wuUl go
or not, instead of
at once and on
hia own propT
movement, doing
the clearly right
thing, which was
to return.")

J (StriJcingly ana-
logous to the prn-
grtstofa corrupt
will under the in-
^uence of self-
deceit, when the
nind gets more
$et than evir on
tome alluring ob-
jects of tempta-
tion, though with
the still remiiii-
ing purpose of
holding fast one's
integrity whf-n
the encounter
tomes. C'hal-
mem.)

Or, a city of
itreets (so the
name of the mo-
dem city, Strasa-
burg).

(Bamolh-Itaal,
frobahly i.Unli-
eai vrilh /inmoth,
oh. 21,20,'iK/>;r
Iff tlie I'i.tyah
TOHffe, irherire
I t/ie. extrrtni-
tiei of th- Is-
raeli tish camp
could be seen )

: Or, he went .to/i

Itary. (The mnr-

inal rea.!ing is

onjirmeil by the

IChaUiee.)

tlioc, because thif way is perverse")'
before Me : •'^'aiid tbe .ass saw Me,
and turnt'd IVom Mo tbesc three
times : unless* she bad turned from
Me, surely now also 1 bad slain thee,
and saved ber alive."

^■*And Halaain said unto tbe Angel
of tbe LoKi), " I have sinned ; for 1
knew not tbat Thou stoodest in the
way against me : now therefore, if it
displease* Thee, I will get me back
again. "^

'"'And tbe Angel of the Lord said
unto Halaam, "(io with the men:
but only the word that I shall speak
unto thee, that thou sbalt speak."

!So ibdaam wenf with tbe princes
of I}alak.

^ And w ben Balak heard that
Balaam was come, be went out to
meet him unto a city of Moab, which
/*• in tbe border of .\rnon, which is
in tbe utmost coast.

^•"And lialak said unto Balaam,
" Did I not earnestly scud unto thee
to call thee ? wherefore camest thou
not unto me? am I not able indeed
to promote thee to honour?"

*^And Balaam said imto Balak,
" Lo, I am come unto thee : have I
now any power at all to say any
thing? tbe word tbat (!od puttetb in
my mouth, tbat shall I speak,"

*'And Balaam went with lialak,
and they came unto Kirjath-bu/oth.*

^''And Balak offered oxen and

sheep, and sent to Balaam, and to
the princes that were with bini.

[137

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568. MoAn.

Balak sc'ks to prevail on Ilalaam to curse

Israel.

■*'ANU it came to pass on the
moiTow, tbat Balak took lialaam,
and brought him up into the high'
places of Jiaal, that thence he might
see the utmost part of the people.

*And Balaam said unto Balak,

YYTTT 1 " ^"'''^ "'^ \\(iVG seven
■J altars, and prepare me
here seven oxen and seven rams."

2 And JJalak did as Jbdaam bad
spoken ; and Balak and Balaam
offered on every altar a bullock and
a ram.

^And Balaam said unto Balak,
" Stand by thy burnt oti'ering, and I
will go: peradventure the Loud will
come to meet me : and whatsoever
lie sheweth me I will tell thee."

And he went to an higli* place.

*And (tod met Balaam : and be
said unto Ilim, " 1 have prepared
seven altars, and I have ofl'ered upon
every altar a bullock and a ram."

^And tbe I.okd put a word in Ba-
laam's mouth, and said, "Keturn unto
Balak, and thus thou shall speak."

^And he returned unto him, and
lo, he stood by bis burnt sacrifice, be,
and all the princes of Moab. '^And
be took up his parable,^ and said.

"Balak the king of Moab bath brought me fmm Aram,
Out of the mountains of tbe east,** saying.,
Come, curse \\\v .Jacob,
And come, defy Isr.icl.
^ TIow shall I curse whom (lod hath not cursed?"^
Or how shall I defy whnu the Louo hath not defied?
^ For from the top of tbe rocks I see Ilim,
And fi-om the hills I behold ilim :
Lo, the people sh.all dwell alotie,
And shall not be reckoned^ among the natitms.
'*' Who can count'' the dust of .laeoli,

And tbe number of the fourth^ y*/?/-/ of Israel?
Let me° die tbe death of tbe righteous,"'
And let mv last end be like bis !"

A (/lengstenl>e.rg
says, " The for-
mula, * t**ok up
his parable,' uni-
formly repeated
before the utter-
ances of JJabiam,
points ttj an es-
sential ilistinclion
Itetween the pro-
phetic discourse
if lUilaam and
that of all other
prophets.'' " All
this," he ctmti-
nues, " by which
Balimm is itislin-
guis/ted from t/ie
prophets, pro-
ceeds from a com-
mon source, the
rircum-iUtnce tluit
Jiabuim has only
the donum, and
not the muniiH
priiphcticiini.")

H ^See ch. 22, 5.
The general de-
signation — east,
i.i in accordance
with the common
usage of the He-
brew writers, who
were accustomed
lo specify only
four principal
points of tbe com-
]>ass. Kubbins.)

.; Is. 47, 12, 13.

/3 (A peculiar and
separate people
from the rest of
the nations.)

V (The reason giv-
en for the terror
of the MoaliiU-s is,
that " the people
are many' ''*■
22, 3.)

Ch.

f (A reference to
the fourfoUl di-
vision of the
camps of Israel,
north, south, east,
and west of the
tabemitcle.)

o Heb, my soul,
or my life.

w (Notwithstand-
ing examples of
the contrary, still
uprightness and
righteousness
were the standing
itleal and destiny
of the people."
Hongs tcnborp.
And it was this
with which the
prophet had more
cspeciiUly to do.)

199

NTJ. 23, 11. 1

24, 16. j

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3873.
\ B.C. 1568.

ir (There in a ilif-
ficulty in thes''
ivords compired
with cli. 22, 41.
From Bamoth
Baal, the first
station, Balaam
ccuhl only see the
extreme part of
the Israel it ish
camp ; afar iiuire
comprehensive
view must have
been obtained
from thefiell of
Znphim, thouijh
ev-'n this view
dul not contain
the whole people.
P'rhaps ch. 22,
41 means all the
people, even the
utmost part.)

p (Zophim, I. e.,
of the watch-
ers, doubtless so
called from the
extensive view it
afforded of the
motions or ap-
proach of ene-
mies. It was evi-
dently in the im-
mediate vicinity
of the top of Fis-
gah, mentioned
De. 34, 1.)

<r Or, the hill.

T (Not absolutely
no perverseness,
but yet not such
iniquity as that
for which the
Canaanitish na-
tions were devoted
to destruction.)

^^And Balak said unto Balaam,
" What hast thou done unto me ?
I took thee to curse mine enemies,
and, behold, thou hast blessed thctn
altogether."

^~ And he answered and said, " Must
I not take heed to speak that which
the Lord hath put in my mouth?"

^^And Balak said unto him, "Come,
I pray thee, with me unto another
place, from whence thou mayest see
them : thou shalt see but the ut-
most part of them, and shalt not
see'^ them all : and curse me them
fi'om thence."

^*And he brought him into the field

of Zophim,P to the top of Pisgah,""
and built seven altars, and ofiered a
bullock and a ram on ever^ altar.
^^ And he said unto lialak, " Stand
here by thy burnt otitering, while 1
meet the Loud yonder."

^''And the Loud met Balaam, and
put a word in his mouth, and said,
" Go again unto Balak, and say
thus."

^"^And when he came to him, be-
hold, he stood by liis burnt oftering,
and the princes of Moab with him.
And Balak said unto him, "What
hath the Lord spoken?"

^^And he took up his parable and
said,

** Rise up, Balak, and hear ;
Hearken unto me, thou son of Zippor :
^^ God is not a man that He should lie ;

Neither the son of man, that He should repent :
Hath He said, and shall He not do itf
Or hath He spoken, and shall He not make it good?
2^ Behold, I have received commandment to bless :
And He hath blessed ; and I cannot reverse it.

^^ He hath not beheld iniquity in Jacob,
Neither hath He seen perverseness'^ in Israel :

The Lord his God is with him.
And the shout of a king is among them.

^'■^ God brought them out of Egypt ;
He hath as it were the strength of an unicorn."
^^ Surely there is no enchantment against*^ Jacob,
Neither is there any divination against Israel :
According to this timex it shall be said of Jacob
And of Israel, What hath God wi'ought !

^* Behold, the people shall rise up as a great lion,
And lift up himself as a young lion :

He shall not lie down until he eat o/the prey,''
And drink the blood of the slain."

^•^And Balak said unto Balaam,
" Neither curse them at all, nor bless
them at all."

'■^"But Balaam answered and said
unto Balak, "Told not I thee, say-
ing. All that the Lord speaketh,
that I must do?"'/'

2'' And Balak said unto Balaam,
" Come, I pray thee, I will bring
thee unto another place ; peradven-
ture it will please God that thou

mayest curse me them from thence."
'"^'^And Balak brought Balaam unto
the top of Peor, that looketh toward
Jeshimon.

2^ And Balaam said unto Balak,
" Build me here seven altars, and
prepare me. here seven bullocks and
seven rams."

"^And Balak did as Balaam had
said, and offered a bullock and a ram
on every altar.

V (That this is the
buffalo has long
ai/o been shewn
by valid argu-
ments, Heng-
steiiberg.)

<j> Or, in.

X (That is, in its

time — " at the
rii/ht time," while
divination will he
of no avail. God
shall make known
his designs to Is-
rael in a befitting
time. The time
is close at hand
when, iSsc. Dathe.
Now, already.
Maurer.)

(/Go. 49, 9, 27.

i/( (He renews his
protestations of
the necessity un-
der irhich he lay,
to bless the chil-
dren of Israel.
But this did not
prevent a third
and last endea-
vour to elicit an
adverse sentence
o./ainst the peo-
ple of God.
Clialmci's.)

200

NUMBERS.

finj. 23, 11.

t 24, 16.

w Heb., to the

meeting of en-
cftnntmr-nts,
(Finding thfin iii-
efffi-tuai,hf leaves
them off as un-
projitjible, aiitt
nuikei an exjnri-
nuut direct on
he-ivin.)

a (From Peor tlie
whole camp of
the I.trifliteS was
visible.)

eCh.11.25. ISn.
10. 10, and 1!>,
20, 23. 2 Chr.
16, 1.

' l-h., the man
iveiled ei/es.
it is, li' from
■ ■•'• mind the
•/had been re-
ared, which
hides from mor-
lali the secret
purposes of Je-
hovah. Hender-
•on.)

(Who hears the
words of God, who
htholds the visions
<^the Almighty ;
/ailing down, and
with his eyes open,
Le, the eyes of
the miiul.

Maurer.)

(TTie cxtpcaria
fMoc\\AofLln-
mu. Thh oilo-
r\ferous tree,
ting in India,
an uncom-
monly beautiful
tppearance. The
Maple in the E<ist
JOSe it to havn
one of the
ntUgaunis tre^s
}f Paradise.)

XXIV.]

A.u. .<)873. B.O. 1668.

Mount Peor.
liiitnam's prophecy.

when liahiam saw that

[138

AND when JJalsiam saw tliat it
plonscd the Loud to bless Israel,
he went not, as at other times, to
seek for enchantments," but lie set

his face toward the wilderness. ^ And
Balaam lifted up his eyes, and he saw
Israel abidinj^ in his tents'^ according
to their tribes ; and the Spirit of God
came'' upon him. ^And he took up
his parable and said,

" Balaam the son of Beor hath said.

And the man whose eyes are open^ hath said :
•* lie hath said, Avhicli heard the words of Ciod,
Which saw the vision of the Almighty,
Falling into a trancc,y but having his eyes open :
^ How goodly are thy tents, 0 Jacob,

And thy tabernacles, 0 Israel 1
^ As the valleys are they spread forth
As gardens by the river's side.

As the trees of lign aloes* which the Lord hath j laiited.
And as cedar trees beside the waters.
^ He shall pour the water out of his buckets,
And his seed s/tall ha in many waters,*
And his king shall be higher than Agag,^
And his kingdom shall be exalted.
^God brought him forth out of I-]gypt ;
He hath as it were the strength of an unicorn :
He shall eat up the nations his enemies,
And shall break their bones.
And pierce them through with his arrows.
^ He couched, he lay down as a lion,'^
And as a great lion : who shall stir him up ?
— Blessed is he that blesseth thee.
And cursed is he that curseth thee."

^^And Balak's anger was kindled
against Balaam, and he smote^ his
hands together : and Balak said unto
Balaam, " I called thee to curse''
mine enemies, and, behold, thou hast
altogether blessed them these three
times. ^^ Therefore now flee thou to
thy place : I thought to promote thee
unto great honour ; but, lo, the Loud
hath kept thee back from honour."

^•^And Balaam said unto J5alak,
" Spake I not also to thy messengers
which thou sentest unto ine, saying.

*^If Balak would give me his house
full of silver and gold, I cannot go
beyond the commandment of the
Loud, to do either good or bad of
mine own mind ; hut what the Loud
saith, that will I speak? *■* And
now, behold, I go unto my people :
come therefore, and I will advertise
thee what this people shall do to thy
people in the latter days."

^^And he took up his parable, and
said,

" Balaam the son of Beor hath said,
And the man whose eyes are open hath said :

^^ He hath said, which heard the words of God,
And knew the knowledge of the most High,
Which saw the vision of the Ahnighty,
Falling into a trance, but having his eyes open

« (His seM shall
(spread itself) in-
to many waters,
i.e., this p'ople
shall receive a
great increase.
MaiirtT.) Is. 48,
1. Je.47,2. I'H.
144, 7. Kc. 17,
15.

((This was douhl-
Uss Chtf comnuin
appellation of the
kings of A malek
as was Pharaoh
for those of E-
gypt. This is
entirely in liar^
mony with the
spirit and form
of the prophecies
of Balaam. In-
dividuals are not
mentioned in
them.)

/Ge. 49, 9. (In

the prophecies of
Halaam there is
a gradual deve-
lopment of Coifs
purposes. The
first prophecy
dwells u/ton the
fa vou r wh ieh God
shews to His peo-
ple ; the second
unfolds the ceir-
lainty of abso-
lute success; the
third more vivid-
ly represents that
pro.ip'rity ; and
the fourth parti-
cularises the hos-
tile nations.)

7 K.70. 21. 14, 17
and 22, 13.

h Ch. 23, 11. Dp.

23, 4, 6. Jos.

24, 9, 10. ^■t^
13, 2

201

2 D

NU. 24, 17. 1

26, 13. r

NUMBERS.

(A.M. 3873.
■( B.C. 1568.

r) (The star is such
a natural image
and symbol of
royal power and
splenilour, tfutt
the lisn uf it ex-
ists among almost
all nations.
Ilengstenberg.)

h (It is more na-
tural to refer this
passage to David,

who) smote

Moab, and mea-
sured them with
a line, casting
them down to

the ground 2

Sa. 8, 2.

6 OT,smite through
the pritices of
Moah. Je. 48, 15.
(Bnlh the Am-
monites & Monh-
ites. Ge. 19, 38.)

i 2 Sa. 8, 14. Ps.
60, 8, 9, 12. See
also Am. 1, 11.

I Or, the first of
the nations that
warred against
Israel. Ex. 17,
8. (Chief, most
ancient, and noble
of the nations.
Maurer. Seeve.
7.)

K Or, shall be
even to destruc-
tion. Ex. 17, 14.
1 Sa. 15, 3, 8.

K Heb., A'nid, Ge.
15, 19. (It is the
CanaanitishKen-
ite who is meant.)

IX (Let thy dwelling
place be strong,
and let thy nest
be placed in the
rock ; yet it shall
be the destruction
of Kain. How
lung (shall it be)
till Assyria leads
thee captive.
Maurer, De
Wette.

Futjill'ed, 1 Chr.
5, 26. Je. 25,
9—11.)

V Or, how long
shall it be ere
Asshur carry
thee away cap-
tive.

f, (It is proba-
ble that Chittim
is here used to
designate Cyprus.
This island was
the principal sta-
tion for sh ips to-
wards the West.

j See Is. 23, 1.)

*^ I shall see him, hut not now :

I shall hehold him, but not nigh :

There shall come a star'' out of Jacob,

And a sceptre'' shall rise out of Israel,

And shall smite the corners of Moab,*

And destroj' all the children of ►Slieth.
^^And Edom' shall be a possession

Seir also shall be a possession for his enemies ;

And Israel shall do valiantly.
^■' Out of Jacob shall come he that shall have dominion,

And shall destroy him that remaineth of the city."

^° And when he looked on Amalek, he took up his parable and said,
" Amalek was the first' of the nations ;
But his latter end shall'' be that he perish for ever."

^'And he looked on the Kenites, and took up his parable, and said,
" Strong is thy dwellingplace,

And thou puttest thy nest in a rock,
^ Nevertheless the Keuite^ shall be wasted,**
Until" Asshur shall carry thee away captive."

^^And he took up his parable, and said,

" Alas, who shall live when God doeth this !
^* And ships shall come from the coast of Chittiin,^
And shall afflict Asshur, and shall afflict Eber,"
And he also shall perish for ever."

^^And Balaam rose up, and went
and returned to his place :P and Balak
also went his way.

YYY 1 A.M.3873. B.C. 1568. fl '^Q

-^*--^*- ' 'J SniTTiM (a place in the plains [^i-OO

of Moab, east of the Dead Sea,

the last encampment before

crossing the Jordan).

The people seduced by the Moabites.

AND Israel abode in Shittim, and
the p(>oplc began • to commit
whoredom with the daughters of
Moab, 2 And they called the peo-
ple unto the sacrifices of their gods :^
and the people did eat, and bowed
down to their gods. ^And Israel
joined himself unto Baal-peor :^ and
the anger of the Lord was kindled
against Israel,

■^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Take all the heads of the peo])le,
and hang thein<^ up before the Loud
against the sun, that the fierce anger
of the Lord may be turned away
from Israel."

^And Moses said unto the judges
of Israel, " Slay ye every one his
men'^ that were joined unto Baal-
peor."

^And, behold, one of the children
of Israel came and brought unto his
brethren a Midianitish" woman in the
sight of Moses, and in the sight of
all the congregation of the children
of Israel, who iccre weeping"^ before
the door of the tabernacle of the
congi'egation.

^And when Phinehas, the son of
Eleazar, the son of Aaron the priest,
saw zY, he rose up from among the
congregation, and took a javelin in
his hand ; *^and he went after the
man of Israel into the tent, and
thrust'" both of them through, the
man of Israel, and the woman through
her belly. So the plague was stayed^
from the children of Israel. '■'And
those that died'* in the plague were
twenty and four thousand.

o (A general, de-
nomination in-
cluding Asshur,
See Ge. 10, 21.)

p (He was fmmd
among the Midi-
anites, ch. 31, 8,
whom he srems to
have counselled to
entice the Israel-
ites to idolatry,
ch. 31, 16. Re.
2, 14.)

/ Jos. 22, 17. P.S.
106, 28. Hos. 9,
10.

? (Who was wor-t
skipped with ob-
scene rites.) Ps.
106, 29.

<r (Not the heads,
for they are the
"judijes" of ve.
5, hut the people
who had sinned.)

T ( One thousand
were thus slain.)
Compare ve. 9
with 1 Co. 10, 8.

\j (The same is
here said of the
Midianites as in
ve. 1 of the Moab-
ites.)

((> (A )td saying,
Spare thy people,
0 Lord, and give
not thine hiritage
to reproach; or,
perhaps, repin-
ing.)

m Then stood np
Phinehas, and
executed iudg-
nient: and so
the plague was
stayed. Ps. 106,
30.

X (It is certain
that Goil approv-
ed of the action,
ve.il, and it may
tvell he concluded
th'it, OS he did it
without the con-
sent of Moses, so
he did it by the
direction of God
Himself.)

n ...All the men
that followed
Baal - peor, the
Lord thy God
hath destroyed
them from a-
mong you. De.
4,3.

202

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. )

NUMBERS.

J NU. 24, 17.
) 2C, 18.

ifi lleb., tcith Ml/
zcdl. See 2 Co.
11, 2.

o They provoked
Him to jealousy
with straiijjc
gixls, witli ii1h>-
iiiiimtions prt)-
v.iko<lthey lliiii
fciaiiger. i)e. 32,
Hi.

u) {Prosperity.)

a (It coiitinwd in
Phinfhds liitfjor
ninrt humlrtd utiii
fifty, in Ihtit of
Ithnmar on'y a
huudral andji/t !/ .
Eli wan of thf
latt'r, Ezra of
the lint of Phine-
h(U.)

p Ileb., house of
a father.

y (In the next cen-
sus we find the
Simeonite^ had
decreased from
fifty -nine, thnu-
Siind three hun-
dred to tirenty-
tioo thousand two
hundred ; per-
haps the ejcampte
of their prince
had been exten-
sively followed.)

S (One of the
princs of Midi-
an whom Moses

smot^) which

were dukes of
Slhon, dwelling
in the country.
Jos. 13, 21. Ch.
31, 8.

p ...They warred
again.st the Mi-

dianites slew

all the males...
slew the kings

of Midian

burnt all their
cities ....and all
their goodly ca.s-

tles and took

all the spoil...
Ch. 31, 7—12.

q Ch. 31, 16.
r Ch. 26, 9.

« Ex. 30, 12, and
88, 25, 26. Ch.
1,2.

c (The number was
now taken, in or-
der to the divid-
ing the land a-
mong them, ve.
63, which they
mere, now ready
to possess.)

«Ve.63. rh.22,
1;31, 12; MiiS;
•nd 35, 1.

203

"'.\ik1 the Loud spake unto Moses,
sayiiijjf, ^'" PliiiH'lias, the son of Kle-
azar, the son of" Aaron the priest, hjith
turned My wrath away from the cliil-
(h-en of Israel, wliile he was y.ealon.s
for My sake''' anionp' theni, that 1
eonsuined not the cliikhvn of Israel
in .My ji'alousy.o ^'-'Wherefore say,
" Behold I give unto him My eove-
nant of peace :" ^''and he shall have
it, and his seed after him, even the
covenant of an everlasting* priest-
hood ; because he was zealous for
his God, and made an atonement for
the children of Israel."

^*Now the name of the Israelite
that was slain, even that was slain
with the Midianitish woman, iras
Zimri, the son of Sulii, a prince of
a chief housed among the JSimeon-
ites.y ^^And the name of the Midi-
anitish woman that was slain was
Cozbi, the daughter of Zur f he ivas
head over a people, and of a chief
house in Midian.

'''And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '^ " Vex the Midianites and
smite^ them: '^for they vex you with
their wiles,? wherewith they have
beguiled you in the matter of Peor,
and in the matter of Cozbi, the
daughter of a prince of Midian, their
sister, which was slain in the day of
the plague for Peer's sake."

XXVI.] ^•"•^,f;„^;r'^- [140

The third census.

AND it came to pass after"" the
plague, that the Loiin spake
unto Moses and unto Kleazar the son
of Aaron the priest, saying, '^"Take
the simr' of all the congregation* of
the children of Israel, from twentv
years old and upward, throughout
their fathers' house, all that are able
to go to war in Israel."

^And Moses and Kleazar the priest
spake with them in tlie jdains' of
Moab by .Jordan 7tcar .Jericho, say-
ing, * " Take the sum of the people,
from twenty years old and upward ;

as the LoKU coinmainlcd .Moses ami
the children of Israel, which went^
forth out of the land of Egypt."

^Peuben" the eldest son of Israel :
the children of Keuben ; llaiioch of
ichom Cometh the family of the lla
nochites : of Pallu, the family of
the Palluites: ''of Ilezron, the family
of the Ilezronites: of Carnii, the
family of the Carmites. "These are
the families of the Keubenites : and
they that were numbered of them
were forty'' and three thousand and
seven hundred and thirty. *'And the
sons of Pallu; Lliab. "And the sons
of Eliab ; Nemuel, and Datlian, and
Abiram. This is that Daflian and
Abirain, which icere famous'" in the
congregation, who strove against Mo-
ses and against Aaron in the com-
pany of Korah, when they strove
against the Loun : '"and the earth
opened her mouth, and swallowed
them up together with Korah, when
that company died, what time the fire
devoured two hundred and fifty men :
and they became a sign.* ''Not-
withstanding the children'" of Korah
died not.

'^The sons of Simeon after their
families : of Nemuel,' the family of
the Nemuelites : of Jamin, the family
of the Jaminites : of .lachin,* the
family of the Jaehinites: '^of Zerah,^
the family of the Zarhites : of Shaul,
the family of the Shaulites. '"'These
are the families of the Simeonites,
twenty and two thousand and two
hundred.'*

'''The children of Gad after their
families : of Ze])hon,'' the family of
the Zephonites: of Ilaggi, the family
of the Ilaggites: of Shuni, the family
of the Shunites : "^ of Ozni,f the
family of the Oznites : of Kri, the
family of the Krites : '^of Arod,°
the family of the Arodites : of Areli,
the family of the Arelites. "^Tliese
are the families of the children of
Gad according to those that were
numbered of them, forty thousand
and five hundred. ''^

^ (Now was all
the generation of
men d'-ad vho
were excluded the
land for th'ir
murmuring; ch.
14, 22, with ch.
20, 64, 65. The
remainder of
them probably
being slain by
the plague, ch.
25, 9. Hence this
number is requir-
ed to be taken
aftrr the plague.
Kidder.)

u Ge. 46, 8. Ex.
0, 14. 1 Chr.
5, 1.

ij C Whi-n they were
numbered, ch. 1,
they wi-re forty-
six thousand five
hundred.)

V Ch. IG, 1.

9 (A sad example
to others.) Ch.
U;, .38. 1 Co. 10,
G. 2 Pe. 2, 6.

>o Ex. 6, 24. 1
Chr. 6, 22.

I Ge. 46, 10. Ex.
6, 15, Jemuel.

K \ Chr. 4, 24,
Jarib.

\ Ge. 46, 10,
Zohar.

fi (At the last
census they were
fifty - n ine thou-
sand three hun-
dr<d. Seech. 25,
14.)

V Ge. 46, 16, Zi-

phion.

( Or, Esbon, Oc.
46, 16.

oGe.46,16,.^rorfi.

n (Their numl>er,
ch. 1, iras forty-
six thnusaiid six
hundrrdatui fifty.
All the tribet
of th' standard
of Pruben had
rnnarkably de-
creased.)

r»

NTJ. 26, 19. 1
27,4. j

NUMBERS.

A.M. 3873.
B.C. 1563.

z Ge. 3P, 2, &c.,
and 4G, 12.

,(/ 1 Chr. 2, 3.

p (An increase
from that in ch.
1, of one thou-
sand nine hun-
dred.)

: Go. 46, 13.
Clir. 7, 1.

<T Or, Phuvali.

T Or, Job.

} (An [ncrmise
of nine, thousand
nine hundred.
C\\. 1, 29.)

a Ge. 46, 14.

(J (An increase
of three thou-
sand one hun-
dred. Ch. 1, 31.

■ Increase might
have been the rule
of them all, had
not their frequent
rebellions causal
God to cut them

"ffO
b Ge. 46, 20.

: Jos. 17, 1. 1
Chr. 7, 14, 15.

X Called Abif.zer,
Jos. 17, 2. Ju.
6, 11, 24, 34.

'I Ch. 27, 1, and
36, 11.

^^The sons^ of Juclali were Er and
Onan : and Er and Onan died in the
land of Canaan. 20 ^^d the sons of
Judah^ after their families were; of
Shelah, the family of the Shelanites :
of Phai-ez, the family of the Phar-
zites : of Zerah, the family of the
Zarhites. ^i ^^d the sons of Pharez
were ; of Hezron, the family of the
Hezronites : of Hamul, the family
of the Hamulites. 22 These are the
families of JndahP according to those
that were nmnbered of them, three-
score, and sixteen thousand and five
hundred.

2^0/ the sons of Issachai** after
their families : of Tola, the family of
the Tolaites : of Pua,"^ the family of
the Pimites: ^^of Jashub,'' the family
of the Jashnbites : of Shimron, the
family of the Shimronites. ^^ These
are the families of Issachar according
to those that were numbered of them,
threescore" and fom* thousand and
three hundred.

26(9/ the sons of Zebulun" after
their families : of Sered, the family
of the Sardites : of Elon, the family
of the Elonites : of Jahleel, the family
of the Jahleelites. '^'' These are the
families of the Zebulunites according
to those that were numbered'^ of them,
threescore thousand and five hundred.

2^ The sons of Joseph* after their
families were Manasseh and Ephraim.
23 Of the sons of Manasseh: of Ma-
chir,'^ the family of the Machirites :
and Machir begat Gilead : of Gilead
co7ne the family of the Gileadites.

^'^These are the sons of Gilead : of
Jeezer,'^ the family of the Jeezerites :
of Helek, the family of the Helek-
ites : 31 and 0/ Asriel, the family of
the Asrielites : and of .Shechcm, the
family of the Shechcmites : -^'^iind of
Shemida, the family of the Shemi-
daites : and of Hepher, the family
of the llepherites.

3^ And Zelophchad'^ the son of
llepher had no sons, but daughters :
and the names of the daughters of
Zelophehad were Mahlah, and Noah,

Iloglah, Milcah, and Tirzah. ^^ These
are the families of Manasseh, and
those that were numbered of them,
fifty*'' and two thousand and seven
hundred.

3^ These are the sons of Ephraim
after their families : of Shuthelah,
the family of the Shuthalhites : of
Pecher,"^ the family of the Bachrites :
of Tahan, the family of the Tahan-
ites. ^"And these are the sons of
Shuthelah : of Eran, the family of
the Eranites. ^^ These are the fami-
lies of the sons of Ephraim" accord-
ing to those that were nmnbered of
them, thirty and two thousand and
five hundred. These are the sons of
Joseph after their families.

^^The sons of Benjamin'^ after their
families : of Bela, the family of the
Belaites : of Ashbel, the family of the
Ashbelitcs: of Ahiram,^ the family of
the Ahiramites : ^^of Shupham,'>' the
family of the Shuphamites : of Hu-
pham, the family of the Huphamites.
'I'^And the sons of Bela were Ard*
and Naaman : of Ard, the family of
the Ardites : and of Naaman, the
family of the Naamites. ^^ These are
the sons of Benjamin^ after their fami-
lies : and they that were numbered
of them ivere forty and five thousand
and six hundred.

^2 These are the sons of Dan/ after
their families : of Shuhara,^ the family
of the Shuhamites. These are the
families of Dan after their families.
^3 All the families of the Shuhamites,
according to those that were num-
bered of them, tcere threescore'' and
four thousand and four hundred.

^ Of the children of Asheri? after
their families : of Jimna, the family
of the .limnites : of Jesui, the family
of the Jesuites : of Beriah, the family
of the Beriites. ^•''Of the sons of
Beriah : of TIeber, the family of the
Heberites : of Malchiel, the family
of the Malchiclites. ^'^And the name
of the daughter of A slier was Sarah.
*'' These a?'e the families of the sons
of Asher* according to those that

ij/ (An increase of
twenty thousand
five hundred, so
that each tribe
belonfiing to the
standard of Ju-
dah was increas-
ed in number.)

w 1 Chr. 7, 20,

Bered.

a. (They had suf-
fered a decrease
of eight thou-
sand.)

e Ge. 46, 21.
Chr. 7, 6.

/3 Ge. 46, 21, Mi,
and 1 Chr. 8, 1,
Aharah.

•y Ge,46, 2\,]IJup-
pim and Iliippim.

S 1 Clir. 8, 3, Ad-
dar.

: (An increase of
ten thousand two
hundred fromch.
1, 37.)

/ Ge. 46, 23.
i Or, Hushim.

») (An increase
of one thousand
seven hundred.)

g Ge. 46, 17. 1
Chr. 7, 30.

k Ge. 46, 24.
Chr. 7, 13.

20i

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. f

NUMBERS.

i NU. 2tf, 19.
1 27, 4.

9 (All inrr'ii.^r of
elfvrn thmsi7>d
niiif hundrfd,
from ch. 1, 41.)

I 1 Clir. 7, 13,

ShuUum.

K (A decretise of
eiijht thousand.)

k (Thrre is a dr-
crriisf on the
tchule numbrr
from that in rli.
1, 4(5, thirty-nine
yrtirs bt/orr^ of
ti'ihlrrn hundred
ttiid twnty. Of
these, there was
not one person
now alive of those
whinn Moses and
Aaron had num-
fr. rrd in the iri7-
dt-rness of Sinai,
and consequently
not a nvm above
sixty years of
aye, ezc-pt Mosis
hitnsrifand C'aUh
ami Joshua.)

i Jos. 11, 2.1, niul
14, 1.

* Ch. 33, 54.

/I npb., multiply
his inheritance.

• lleb., dirninisfi
his inlterititnce.

((from theAnglo-
Sajcon, to divide
or ptrtion out,
i.e., fortuitously.
It teas a sort of
appeal to Go<t,
and ufas peculiar
to the theocracy.
Pr. 16, 33.J

• (As God teas
ever supposed to
be the tclwle ilis-
poser in such mat-
ters, whatever f'H
out in the: course
<(/ God^s provi-
dfnce is allied a
lot. 18.17,14. Ac.
8, 21. Clarke.)

(Theveveral pro-
vinces of the whole
land tcere by lot
adjtidged to the
several tribes, but
each tribe iras
assigned a greater
or less portion of
that tract tchere
his lot fell, as the
number of its fn-
'Mes tcere mure
fewer. Kid-
ler.)

(,Whom Atha
to him in
pt. Gcddcs.)

were numbered of tliom ; iv/m were
fifty* antl three thousand and fniir
hundred,

■^^Of the sons of Nai)htali after
their families : of .fahzeel, the family
of the .Jahzeelites: of (Juni, the family
of the Ci unites: ■^•'of .Fezer, the family
of the .Jezerites : of iShillein,' the
family of the Shillemites, ^^'^ These
are the families of Xaphtali aeeord-
ing to their families : and they that
were numl)ered of them were forty*
and five thousand and four hundred.

^* These were the numbered of the
ehildren of Israel, six hundred thou-
sand and a thousand seven hundred
and thirty.^

^-And the Lokd spake unto Moses,
sayinc;', ^" Unto these the land' shall
be divided for an inlieritanec accord-
ing to the number of names. ^To
many'' thou slialt give'* the more in-
heritance, and to few thou shalt give"
the less inheritance : to every one
shall his inheritance be given ac-
cording to those that were numbered
of him. "^ Notwithstanding the land
shall be divided by lot -.^ according
to the names of the tribes of their
fathers they shall inherit. ^Accord-
ing to the lot" shall the possession
thereof be divided between many and
few."-^

^^ And these are they that were
numbered of the Levites after their
families: of Gershon, the family of
the Gershonites : of Kohath, the fa-
mily of the Kohathites : of Merari,
the family of the M(;rarites. ''^These
are the families of the Levites : the
family of the Libnites, the family of
the Ilebronites, the family of the
Mahlites, the family of the Mushites,
the family of the Korathit«'s. And
Kohath begat Ainrani. •'^•'And the
name of Amram's wife was Jochebed,
the daughter of Levi, whom /ler nio-
t/icrP bare to Levi in Lgypt : and she
bare unto Amram Aaron and Moses,
and Miriam their sister. 'J'Wnd unto
Aaron was born Nadab, and Abiliu,

Eleazar, and Itliamar. "'And Nadab
and Abiliu died,' when they oft'ered
strange fire before the Loud. •'"^And
those that were nundjered of them
were twenty and three thousand,"^ all
males from a month old and ujiward :
for they were not numbered among
the children of Israel, because there
Avas no inheritance' given them among
the ehildren of Israel.

•^^ These are they that were num-
bered by Moses and ICleazar the
priest, who numbered the children of
Israel in the plains of Moab by Jor-
dan near .Jericho. *^^13ut among
these there was not a man'' of them
whom Moses and Aaron the priest
numbered, when they numbered the
ehildren of Israel in the wilderness of
Sinai. ''■''For the Lord had said of
them, "They shall surely die" in the
wilderness." And there was not left
a man of them, save Caleb" tlie son of
.fephunneh, and Jo-shua the son of
Nun.

YVA/'TT n A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568. fl 11

^V.V \ 11. J I'LAiNS OF Moab. [1-*!

Jmw of successimi. Joshua's appointment.

THEN came the daughters* of Ze-
lophehad,'" the son of Ilepher,
the s(m of (Jilead, the son of Machir,
the son of Manasseh, of the families
of Manasseh the son of .Joseph : and
these are the names of his daughters ;
Mahlah, Noah, and Iloglah, and Mil-
cah, and Tirzah. '-^And they stood
before Moses, and before Eleazar the
jjriest, and before the princes and all
the congregation, b// tiie door of the
tabernacle of the eongr(>gation, say-
ing, ^ "Our father died in the wilder-
ness, and he was not in the comi)any
of them that gathered themselves to-
gether against the Loud in the com-
pany of Korah ; but died in his own>:
sin, and liad no sons. '*Why should
the name of our father be done''' away
from among his family, because he
hath no son y (iive unto ua t/irrrfore
a possession among the brethren of
our father.'""

I Died J)cforc

tlic'ir fiilliiT, nnd
hail iifi I'hihlri'ii.
1( hr. 24, 'J. 1.0.
10, 1.

(T (An increase of
ernly sere,, hun-
dred sinc^ the
forvfr number-
ing at Sinai, ch.
3,39.)

J ...The Bacri6cc8
of the Loiii>(!od
inndc liy fire
arc their iiihe-

ritjuice Job.

1.1, 14, and 14,3.
Ch. 18, 20. De.
10, 9.

T (That is, of the
fighting men a-
vwng the tribes to
whom the land
was to be divided
by lot.)

V ...Iioiibtless ye
shall not come
into the land,
CdnrominK
which I Kware to
make yon dwell
thcrein,save Ca-
leb....& Joshua.
Ch. 14, 30.

<J> (.Recording to
the arrangements
but recently made,
the descendants (f
Zelophthad, for
toant of male
representatives,
have no portion
in the territory
of their tribe..
Hence the enaci-
ment of an addi-
tional law.)

m Ch. 26, 33, and
36, 1—11. Jos.
17, 3.

X (As an ordinary
sinner, on whom,
as on all, death
falls in the com-
mon tray.)

<), Ilcb., diminish-
ed.

w (In hanoyr of
our father, I't his
land become ours,
and be possessed
by otir posterity
in his name.)

205

NU. 27, 5. 1
29, 2. J

NUMBERS.

( A.M. 3873.
t B.C. 1568.

/3 (In ch. 36, there
is a more parti-
cular account of
the terms under
tphich this con-
cession was m/tde
to the daughters,
viz., that they
should not marry
out o/ their own
tribe.)

y (Their request
was complied
icith, and tliti law
of succession is
in other respects
also settled with
more precision.)

5 (That is, on the
supposition that
his fat her was
dead, vcr. 10, it
being otherwise
improbable that
his brethren
should inherit ra-
ther than he, es-
pecially when it
is providiid that
the inheritance
shall pass to him
that is next to the
family of him
who has deceased,
ver. 11.)

E (Abarim, a chain
which forms the
mountainous dis-
trict east of the
Dead S'ea.)

n Ch. 20, 24, 28,
and 31, 2. De.
10,6.

i (In De. 1, 37 ;
3,26; 4, 21, the
blame is also laid
on the people.
Both are correct.
In the principal
account, ch. 20,
1—13, as Heng-
stenberg says,
the guilt of the
leader is mani-
festly recognized
as a result of the
guilt of the peo-

I) (Openly to pro-
claim Me to be
the Holy One of
Israel.)

oDe.31,2. 1 Sa.
8, 20, and 18, 13.
2 Chr. 1, 10.

9 (The public re-
cognition of .Jo-
shua, in the life-
time of Mos'S,
would seem to
prepare the way
for his undisput-
eil assumption of
the leadership,
when Moses
shouUl be no
more.)

206

^And Moses brought their cause
before the Lokd,

^And the Lord spake unto Closes,
saying, ^ " The daughters of Zelophe-
had speak right : thou shalt surely
give them a possession of an inherit-
ance among their father's brethren ;
and thou shalt cause the inheritance
of their father to pass^ unto them.v
^ And thou shalt speak unto the
children of Israel, saying, If a man
die, and have no son, then ye shall
cause his inheritance to pass unto
his daughter. ^And if he have no
daughter, then ye shall give his in-
heritance unto his brethren.* ^^And
if he have no brethren, then ye shall
give his inheritance unto his father's
brethren. ^^ And if his lather have no
brethren, then ye shall give his inhe-
ritance unto his kinsman that is next
to him of his family, and he shall pos-
sess it: and it shall be unto the chil-
dren of Israel a statute of judgment,
as the Lord commanded Moses."

^2 And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Get thee up into this mount Aba-
rim,* and see the land which I have
given unto the children of Israel.
^•^And when thou hast seen it, thou
also shalt be gathered" unto thy peo-
ple, as Aaron thy brother was gath-
ered. ^^ For ye rebelled^ against My
commandment in the desert of Zin,
in the strife of the congregation, to
sauctifyi Me at the water before their
eyes." (That is the water of Meribah
in Kadesh in the wilderness of Zin.)

^^And Moses spake unto the Lord,
saying, ^^"Let the Lord, the God
of the spirits of all flesh, set a man
over the congregation, ^^ which may
go out before" them, and which may
go in before them, and which may
lead them out, and which may bring
them in ; that the congregation of
the Lord be not as sheep which have
no shepherd."

^^And the Lord said unto Moses,
" Take^ thee Joshua the son of Nun,
a man in whom is the Spirit, and

lay thine hand upon him ; ^^and set
liim before Eleazar the priest, and
before all the congregation ; and give
him a charge in their sight. -'^And
thou shalt put some of thine honour
upon him, that all the congregation
of the children of Israel may be obe-
dient.^ ^^ And he shall stand before
Eleazar the priest, who shall ask
counsel for him after the judgment'^
of Urim before the Lord : at his
word shall they go out, and at his
word they shall come in, both he, and
all the children of Israel with him,
even all the congi-egation."

2'^ And Moses did as the Lord com-
manded him : and he took Joshua,
and set him before Eleazar the priest,
and before all the congi-egation : '^"'and
he laid his hands upon him, and gave
him a charge,'' as the Lord com-
manded by the hand of Moses.

VVA/'TTT 1 A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568. fl /I 0
A.A V lil.J Plains of Moab. Li'l~
The various offerings.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^ " Command' the chil-
dren of Israel, and say unto them,
My oft'ering, and My bread'' for My
sacrifices made by fire, for a sweet"
savour unto Me, shall ye observe to
offer unto Me in their due season.
^And thou shalt say unto them. This
is the oflering made by fire which ye
shall offer unto the Lord ; two lambs
of the first year without spot day^
by day,** for a continual burnt offer-
ing. ■'The one lamb shalt thou ofter
in the morning, and the other lamb
shalt thou offer at even;" ^ and a
tenth part of an ephah of flour for a
meat offering, mingled with the fourth
part of an bin of beaten oil. "/i is
a continual' burnt offering, which was
ordained in mount Sinai for a sweet
savour, a sacrifice made by fire unto
the Lord. '^And the drink oft'ering
thereof shall be the fourth part of an
hin for the one lamb : in the holy
place slialt thou cause the strong
wine to be poured unto the Lord/o/*

p Jos. 1, 17.

q Ex. 28, 30.

r Cliarge Joshua,
and eneimrage
hini,& strength-
(•ti him : for he
sliall go over be-
fore this people,
and he shall
cause them to
inherit the land
which thou shalt
see. De. 3, 28,
and 31, 7.

I (Another in-
stance of the pro-
gressive charac-
ter of the law
As has been well
said, " A more
costly and im-
posing ceremo-
nial was now im^
posed, just as the
improved cir-
cumstances of the
people would
hmeeforth ad-
vtit.")

s Le. 3, 11, & 21,
6, 8. Mai. 1, 7,
12.

K Ilcb., a savour

of My rest.

A 11 eh., in a day.

IJ. (Mention is first
made of daily
.sacrifice, ver. 3,
4, then of weekly
ver. 9, 10, then
of mmilMy, ver,
11—15, <£• lastly
of annual offer
ings, 16—31.)

v Ileb., between
the two evenings.
lix. 12, 6. (This
2>eriod was re-
garded by the Sa-
maritans and the
Karaites as being
the interval be-
tween sunset and
deep twilight, liut
the Pharisees and
liahhini.'it'! place
it between the de
dining and set-
ting sun. Attlie
time of Josephus
(Ant., xiv., 4, 8)
we know that the
daily sacrifice
was offered at
the ninth hour,or
three o'clock.)

t Ex. 29. 42. 1
Am. 5, 25.

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. r

NUMBKRS.

i KU. 27, 5.
t 29,2.

u (fl iPt.^ sniJ to

K:-kifl) the

hiinit offi'riii),'
tliiit the priucf
slmll uffiT unto
the l.oKl) in the
salihath diiy
shall be six
himhs witliout
Memish, and a
rain witlioiit ble-
mish. Eze. 46,

V (Siylonuyn uni/s)
Behold, I bn'ihl
an house to the
name of the
LoKii mv God,
to dedicate it to
Him.and toburn
beforellini sweet
incense, and for
the continual
shewbread, and
for tlie burnt of-
ferintjs mornin;;
and evening, on
the sabbaths, &
fill the new
lis, and on
Icmn feasts
: iie Lolil) our

I (i .1. This is
an ordinance for
ever to Israel.
2 Chr. 2, 4.

^ ^ F' irouUi appear

" Amos 8, 5,

I he dnij of

nrw moon

. like the Sab-

. nvuh a (lay

■ iiiption/rom
I 'try work.

two are
■ht toyethi-r

■ iiiij alike a
mess f the
"le d- worltl'
When will

:iew moon be

. that we

sell corn ?

the sabbath,

• we niav set

!i wheat?

"<, 5. Clhal-

vl Is. 1, 13.

■-', 16.

X. 12, 16, IS.
-' t, .5. Ch. 9,

Ke. IG, 1.

4o, 21.

I 'f nnleaven-
iread Le.

12, 16. Le.

31. Le. 22,
Oh. 29, 8.
15, 21.

a drink oflVriiiG^. ^And the other
hinil) shalt tlion olVer at even : a.s the
meat (tt^criiii^ of the inoriiinp^, and as
the drink olVerinsr thereof, thou slialt
oti'er it, a sacritiee made by fire, of
a sweet savour unto the Loan.

'•^And on the sabbath day two"
lambs of the first year without spot,
and two tenth deals of flour for a
meat ofierinir, minified with oil, and
the drink ot^erin<:^ thereof: ^^ tli/'s is
the burnt otlerinc^ of every sabbath,
beside the eontinual burnt offering,
and his drink oftering.

^^And in the beginnings" of your
months ye shall otfer a burnt oft'eving
unto the Lord ; two young bullocks,
and one ram, seven lambs of the first
year without spot; ^^and three tenth
deals of flour for a meat oftering,
mingled with oil, for one bullock ;
and two tenth deals of flour for a
meat oftering, mingled with oil, for
one ram ; ^''and a several tenth deal
of flour mingled with oil for a meat
oftering unto one lamb ; for a burnt
oftering of a sweet savour, a sacrifice
made by fire unto the Loun. ^'*And
their drink ofterings shall be half an
bin of wine unto a bullock, and the
third ])art of an bin unto a ram, and
a fourth part of an bin unto a lamb :
this is the burnt oftering of every
month^ thi-oughout the months of the
year. ^^And one kid of the goats
for a sin oftering unto the Loud shall
be oft'ered, beside the continual burnt
oftering, and his drink otVering.

^^And in the fourteenth"' d.ay of the
first month is the passover of the
Lord. ^"^And in the fifteenth day
of this month is the feast :' seven
days sliall unleavened bread be eaten.
'**In the firsts day shall be an holy
convocation ; ye shall do no manner
of servile work tlicrrin : *'' but ye
shall ofter a sacrifice made by fire
for a burnt oftering unto the Lord ;
two young bullocks, and one ram,
and seven lambs of the first year:
they shall be unto you without lalem-
ish :* ^ and their meat ofterinc' shall

be of flour mingled with oil : three
tentli deals shall ye offer for a btd-
lock, and two tenth deals for a ram ;
'-'a several tenth deal shalt thou ofter
for every lamb, througlu)Ut the seven
lambs : ''''•^and one goat /or a sin ofter-
ing, to make an atonement for you.
"•^''Ye shall ofter tliese beside the burnt
off'enng in the morning, which is for a
continual burnt oftering. '-'^ After this
manner ye shall ofter daily, through-
out the seven days, the meat of the
sacrifice made by fire, of a sweet savour
unto the Lord : it shall be oft'ered be-
side the continual burnt oftering, and
his drink oftering. ^^ And on the
seventh'' day ye shall have an holy
convocation ; ye shall do no servile
work.

^^Also in the day of the first-
fruits,° when ye bring a new meat
oftering unto the Lord, after your
weeks be. out, ye shall have an holy
convocation; ye shall do no servile
work : '"^"but ye shall ofter the burnt
oftering for a sweet savour unto the
Lord ; two young bullocks, one ram,
seven lambs of the first year ;'' -*'and
their meat oftering of flour mingled
with oil, three tenth deals unto one
bullock, two tenth deals unto one
ram, ^a several tenth deal unto one
lamb, throughout the seven lambs ;
'•^and one kid of the goats, to make
an atonement for you. ^*Ye shall
ofter them beside the continual burnt
oft'ering, and his meat offering, (they
shall be unto you without blemish)
and their drink offerings."

XXIX.]

A.M. .3873. B.r. 1.5C8.
Plai.vs of Moab.
The sacred festivals.

[143

AND in the seventhP month, on the
first flaj/ of the month, ye shall
have an holy convocation ; ye shall
do no servile work : it is a day of
blowing^ the trumpets unto you.*

'•^And ye shall offer a burnt offering''
for a sweet savour unto the Lord ;
one young bullock, one ram, and
seven lambs of the first year without

a Kx. 12, 16. and
13, 6. Le. 2.3, 8.

o (That is, the
feast of PenU-
coit. Ex. 2.3, l(i,
and 34, 22. U:
23, 10. Do. 16,
10. Ac. 2, 1.)

n- (liesides what is
reijuired Le. 23,
18, viz., seven
lambs, one bul-
lock, and two
rams.)

p (The month
Tisri, the first
month of the civil
year, the seventh
of the ecclesias-
tical.)

(T (The fenst of
trumpfts was
prnliahly so called
ber/iwie the blow-
ing would he land-
er, and would he
continued longer,
ush'-ring in what
miijht be Irmed
the .larred month
of the year, ii
which month th
great day of a-
tfinement and the
feast of tabrnn
cles took place.)

b Le. 23, 24.

T (This offr ring
was to be over the
additi"nal offer
ing which Itelong-
ed to thLi day, as
it was the first
day of a m'tnlh
when they wi re
obliged to offi'r
two bullocks. Ch
28, 11, compared
with ch. 29, 6
The seeming dif
f'rcnct between
Le. 2.3, 18, and
ch. 28, 27, may
hf-ncr lie fairly
reroncileit,for the
two bullocks, one
ram, and S'vn
lami>s which were
required at Pen-
tecost, ch. 28, 27,
were to be oMed
to the seven lambs,
one bullock, and
two rams, which
were to be offered
wiih the bread.
iM. 23, la)

207

Nil. 29,3. I
30, 13. t

NUMBERS.

' A.M. 3873.
: B.C. 1568.

c From that day
shall the priest
make an atone-
ment for you, to
cleanse you, that
ye may he clean
from all your
sins hefore the
LoKD. Le. 16,
29, and 23, 27.

Is.

d Ps. 35, 13.
58, 5.

V (On this day thf.
Jeast of taberncv-
cles comme/ici'd.
Great prominency
is given to the
feast here. It
was designed fyr
a commemoration
of what had not
been consummnt-
ed at any earlier
period. " The so-
journ in booths,"
says Palfry, " in
the wilderness
had been hitherto
matter of antici-
pation and expe-
rience. From this
time forward it
vjas to be remem-
bered as an inter-
esting incident,
belonging to the
day of small
things in the na-
tional history.
Le. 2,3, 34. Do.
16, 13. Eze. -15,
25.)

e Ezr. 3, 4.

</) (It was k^pt at
the close of their
vintage and har-
vest: and being a
time of luisitre
& of plenty, God
thought Jit to ob-
lige the Israelites
to a long attend-
ance & a greater
number of sacri-
fices than He re-
quired at the
other festivals.
Kidder.)

208

blemish : ^and their meal offering
shall be of flom* mingled with oil,
three tenth deals for a bullock, and
two tenth deals for a ram, '*and one
tenth deal for one lamb, throughout
the seven lambs : •''and one kid of the
goats /or a sin offering, to make an
atonement for you: ''beside the burnt
offering of the month, and his meat
offering, and the daily burnt offering,
and his meat offering, and their drink
offerings, according unto their man-
ner, for a sweet savour, a sacrifice
made by fire unto the Lord.

^And ye shall have on the tenth
day of this seventh month an holy
convocation;'^ and ye shall afflict your
souls :''' ye shall not do any work
therein: ^but ye shall offer a burnt
offering unto the Lord for a sweet
savour ; one young bullock, one ram,
and seven lambs of the first year ;
they shall be unto you without blem-
ish : ^and their meat offering shall
be of flour mingled with oil, three
tenth deals to a bullock, and two
tenth deals to one ram, ^''a several
tenth deal for one lamb, throughout
the seven lambs : ^^one kid of the
goats for a sin offering ; beside the
sin offering of atonement, and the
continual burnt offering, and the meat
offering of it, and their drink offer-
ings.

^^And on the fifteenth" day of the
seventh month ye shall have an holy
convocation ; ye shall do no servile
work, and ye shall keep a feast unto
the Lord seven days : ^^and ye shall
offer* a burnt offering, a sacrifice
made by fire, of a sweet savour unto
the Lord ; thirteen j^oung bullocks,
two rams, and fourteen''' lambs of the
first 3"ear ; they shall be without
blemish : ^*and their meat offering
sliall be of flour mingled with oil,
three tenth deals unto every bullock
of the thirteen bullocks, two tenth
deals to each ram of the two rams,
'^and a several tenth deal to each
lamb of the fourteen lambs: ^''and one
kid of the goats/or a sin offering; be-

side the continual burnt offering, his
meat offering, and his drink offering.

^^And on the second day ye shall
offer twelve^f young bullocks, two
rams, fourteen lambs of the first
year without spot : ^^and their meat
offering and their drink offerings for
the bullocks, for the rams, and for
the lambs, shall be according to their
number, after the manner:/ ^^and
one kid of the goats for a sin offer-
ing ; beside the continual burnt offer-
ing", and the meat offering thereof,
and their drink offerings.

^^And on the third day eleven'''
bullocks, two rams, fourteen lambs
of the first year without blemish :
^^ and their meat offering and their
drink offerings for the bullocks, for
the rams, and for the lambs, shall be
according to their number, after the
manner: ^^and one goat for a sin
offering ; beside the continual burnt
offering, and his meat offering, and
his drink offering.

^^And on the fourth day ten bul-
locks, two rams, and fourteen lambs
of the first year Avithout blemish :
2* their meat offering and their drink
offerings for the bullocks, for the
rams, and for the lambs, shall be
according to their number, after the
manner : '^^and one kid of the goats
for a sin offering ; beside the con-
tinual burnt offering, his meat offer-
ing, and his drink offering.

''^^And on the fifth day nine bul-
locks, two rams, and fourteen lambs
of the first year without spot: ^''and
their meat offering and their drink
offerings for the bullocks, for the
rams, and for the lambs, shall be
according to their number after the
manner : ^'^and one goat for a sin
offering ; beside the continual burnt
offering, and his meat offering, and
his drink offering.

^'■'And on the sixth day eight bul-
locks, two rams, and fourteen lambs
of the first year without blemish :
^'^and their meat offering and their
drink offerinsrs for the bullocks, for

X (Here is an
ahiiti nient of one
bvll6:k for each
of the seven
days.)

f Verses 3, 4, 9,
10. Ch. 15, 12,
and 28, 7, 14.

i// (On each suc-
ceeding day one
bullock less, till
on the seventh
there were only
seven, but making
in all seventy.
There were annu-
ally offered to
God, indepen-
dently of trespass
offerings and vo-
luntary vou's, fif-
teen goats,twenty-
one kids, seventy-
two rams, a hun-
dred and thirty-
ttoo bullocks, and
eleven hundred
ajid one lambs.
But this is little
when compared
with the lambs
slain every year
at the passover,
which amriwitrd
in one year to the
immense number
of two hundred
& fifty-five thou-
sanil six hundred,
which was the
answer which
Cestius received,
when he asked
the priests how
many persons
had come to Je-
rusalem at their
annual festivals.
Clarke.)

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

NUMBERS.

f NU. 29, 3.
t 30, 13.

»t(Th' Inst liny of
thf/msto/laber-
natlfn, as thf
Uxst feast day nf
thi: yf»r, ica.H
CifmrninO'd with
ceremonirs nf a
character nlioiji--
th'-r specint, on
ichic/i ncei'unt it
wan cnll.il "the
yrent day." .Illo.
7, 37. Olshau-
scn.)

fi l.f. 23, 36.

P ( Though the day
WIS solrinn and
the " great day,"
yet the sacrifices
were fewer than
on the preceding
day by six bul-
locks nnd one
ram. This might
hint "the loi-nk-
ne.'.s (lU't unprojil-
ableness there-
of.")

y (I>r. Chalmers
says, " We cannot
discover a prin-
ciple for th'S'
numbers, or in
the decrease from
day to day, ne-
vertheless they
were detertn ined
All-wi^e
Arbiter.")

S Or, offer.

(At the public
charge there were
annually offtred
to God fifteen
goats, twenty-one
Kids, seventy-two
rams, a hu mired
it thirty-two bul-
locks, eleven hun-
dred arji one
lambs.)

ifViz., those cf-
Jered upon e-
mergencies, or by
voluntary de.vote-
ment an'/ inclina-
tion of those who
were so disposed,)
(These reprii-
tions in chapters
zxviii.andxxix.
o/ pnvious in-
junctions were
given to remind
the new genera-
tion about to en-
ttr Canaan of
ihe obligation.-!
laid upon their
fathers, <t which
\loere to continue
t force.)

I (Th»t is, mah; a
iligious prom ise
I the Lord.)
[(These regula-
tions were de-
ned to dimin-
»h the frequency
'vows.)

209

the rams, and for the lambs, shall be
according to their nnmber, after the
manner: ^^and one goat /(^r a sin
offering ; beside the continual burnt
offering, his meat offering, and his
drink offering.

•^■-And on the seventh day seven
bullocks, two rams, ami fourteen
lambs of the first year without blem-
ish : '^■^and their meat offering and
their drink offerings for the bullocks,
for the rams, and for the lambs, shall
be according to their number, after
the manner: ^^and one ^oa.i fur a sin
offering ; beside the continual burnt
offering, his meat offering, and his
drink offering.

^On the eighth" day ye shall have
a solemn" assembly : ye shall do no
servile work therein: ^^but ye shall
offer a burnt offering, a sacrifice made
by fire, of a sweet savour unto the
LoKD : one bullock, one^ ram, seven
lambs of the first year without blem-
ish : *''' their meat offering and their
drink offerings for the bullock, for
the ram, and for the lambs, shall be
according to their number,^ after the
manner: ^and one goat /or a sin
offering ; beside the continual burnt
offering, and his meat offering, and
his drink offering.

^^These things ye shall do* unto
the Lord in your set* feasts, beside^
your vows, and your freewill offer-
ings, for your burnt offerings, and
for your meat offerings, and for your
drink ofterings, and for your peace
offerings."

^'And Moses toldi the children of
Israel according to all that the Lokd
commanded Moses.

VYV "1 A.M. .'JS-S. B.C. 1568. V^AA

^^-^^^•J l'LAIN.S OP MOAB. Ll^-*

Of vows.

AND Moses spake unto the heads
of the tribes concerning the chil-
dren of Israel, saying, " This is the
thing which the Lokd hath com-
manded. 2 If a man vow^ a vow'
unto the Lord, or swear an oath to

bind his soul with a bond ; he shall
not break* his word, he shall do* ac-
cordingi' to all that proceedeth out of
his mouth.

■''If a woman also vow a vow imto
the Loiin, and bind herself hy a bond,
beinff in her father's'* house in her
youth ; '*and her father hear her vow,
and her bond whennvith she hath
bound her soul, and her father shall
hold his peace at her : then all her
vows shall stand, aiid every bond
wherewith she hath bound her soul
.shall stand. ''Ikit if her father dis-
allow her in the day that he heareth ;
not any of her vows, or of her bonds
wherewith she hath bound her soul
shall stand : and the Lord shall'' for-
give her, because her father dis-
allowed her. ''And if she had at all
an husband, when she vowed,^ or
uttered ought out of her lips, where-
with she bound her soul ; ''and her
husband heard it, and held his peace
at her in the day that he heard it :
then her vows shall stand, and her
bonds wherewith she bound her soul
shall stand. ^But if her husband
disallowed her on the day that he
heard it ; then he shall make her vow
which she vowed, and that which she
uttered with her lips, wherewith she
bound her soid, of none eft'ect : and
the Lord shall forgive her. ^Hut
every vow of a widow," and of her
that is divorced, wherewith they have
bound their souls, shall stand against
her. ^'^And if she vowed"' in her
husband's house, or bound her soul
bv a bond with an oath; ^'and her
husband heard //, and held his peace
at her, and disallowed her not : then
all her vows shall stand, and every
bond wdierewith she bound her soul
shall stand.P ^''liut if her husband
hath utterly made them void on the
day he heard them ; then whatsoever
proceeded out of her lips concerning
her vows, or concerning the bond of
her sold, shall not stand : her hus-
band hath made them void ; and the
Lokd sliall forgive her. '^ Every vow,

K lloh., profane.
I's. 55, 20.

\ (Provided what
he vows is a law-
ful th ing, not such
as that in Ma. 6,
23. Ju. 17, 3.)

g .Tob 22, 27. Ps.
22, 2.5, and Wi,
14; m, 13; 116,
14. Na. 1, 16.

y. (In the family,
and under the
government of
her father, not
yet disposed of
in marriage ; the
idea being, that
those under sub-
jection are not to
dispose of them-
selves without the
consent nf their
superiors.)

V (That Is, will
not impute to her
the non-perform-
ance of her vow.)

f Heb, her vows
were upon her.
I's. 56, 12.

o (Made in her
widowhooil, and
whrn she had
power to dispose
of herself, and
over her actions.)

It (If she that is
now a widow or
divorced, did
make her vow
during her hus-
Ixtn'fs life, or lie-
fore she was di-
vorced),

p (Those vows
which she then
mails shall biiul
her in her widow-
hood.)

2 E

NU. 30, 14

30, 14. 1
31, 51. i"

NUMBERS.

A.M. 3873.
B.C. 1568.

o- (Vows of fiat-
ill!/, he. 16, 5?9.
TkeX(izantf,ch.
vi. Gifts. Le. 7,
16. Alms, De.
23, 21.)

T (That is, i/ (/if.
husband, after
he has by his si-
lence establhihcJ
the vow of his
wife, shall by his
power ami au-
thority over her
hinder her from
performing such
a vow, the sin in
this case shall
not be imputed to
the wife (who was
ready to perform
her voiv) but to
her husband who
restrained her.)

V (" The war with
the Mi'Jianit'S,"
says Havernick,
" had no other
object than that
of taking ven-
geanr^ on them
for the wicked-
ness they h 'd
practised on Is-
rael ; its aim was
not conquest.")

<t, Ch. 27, 13.

X Heb., a thou-
sand of a tribe, a
thousand of a
tribe.

\(i (This priest
seems to have ac-
companied thr
host to take
charge of thn
" holy instru-
ments.")

(o (The Urim and
Thummim.) 1
Sa. 30, 7. Ch.
10,9.

a (Not the whole
Midianitish na-
tion, but only
those that lay in
the neighbour-
hood of the Is-
raelites, and had
sought to siduci
theyii to iilrilntry.
Ve. 2. C'li. 'J5,
16.)

ADe. 20, l.X ,Tii.
21, 11. 1 Sa. -27,
9. 1 Ki. 11, 15.

^ (Vassals of Si-
hon called, Jos.
1.3, 21, (hikes of
Sihon living in
the country.)

210

and every binding oath to afflict"' the
soul, her husband may establish it,
or her husband may make it void.
'•*liut if her husband altog-ether hold
his peace at her fi-om day to day ;
then he establisheth all her vows, or
all her bonds, which are upon her :
he confirmeth them, because he held
his peace at her in the day that he
heard them. ^^Biit if he shall any
ways make them void after that he
hath heard them ; then he^ shall bear
her iniquity."

^•5 These ctre the statutes, which
the Lord commanded Moses, between
a man and his wife, between the
father and his daughter, being yet in
her youth in her father's house.

VVA^T 1 AM. 3873. B.C. 1568. Vl A^
^^ViVi.J Plains OF MoAH. L-*-^"^

The destruction of five 3Hdianitish
tribes.

AND the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, 2" Avenge" the children
of Israel of the Midianites: afterward
shalt thou be gathered*^ unto thy
people."

^ And Moses spake unto the people,
saying, "Arm some of yourselves
unto the war, and let them go against
the ^lidianites, and avenge the Lord
of Midian. *0f every tribe a thou-
sandjX throughout all the tribes of
Israel, shall ye send to the war."

^ 80 there were delivered out of the
thousands of Israel, a thousand of
every tribe, twelve thousand armed
for war.

^And Mo.ses sent them to the war,
a thousand of every tribe, them and
I'hinehas''' the son of Eleazar the
priest, to the war, with the holy
instruments,'" and the trumpets to
blow in his hand. ''^And they warred
against the Midianites, as the Lord
commanded Moses ; and they slew
all" the males.'' ^And they slew the
kings^ of Midian, beside the rest of
them that were slain ; namely, Evi,
and Rekem, and Zur, and Hur, and

Reba, five kings of Midian : Balaam
also the son of Beor they slew with
the sword. ^And the children of
Israel took all the women of Midian
captives, and their little ones, and
took the spoil of all their cattle, and
all their flocks, and all their goods.
'•^And they burnt all their cities
wherein they dwelt, and all their
goodly castles with fire. ^^And they
took all the spoil,' and all the prey,
both of men and of beasts. ^^And
they brought the captives, and the
prey, and the spoil, unto Moses, and
Eleazar the priest, and unto the con-
gregation of the children of Israel,
unto the camp at the plains of Moab,
which are by Jordan 7iear Jericho.

^^ And Moses, and Eleazar the
priest, and all the princes of the
congregation, went forth to meet
them without the camp.

^^And Moses was wroth with the
officers of the host, with the captains
over thousands, and captains over
hundreds, which came from the bat-
tle.^y ^^And Moses said unto them,
" Have ye saved all the women^
alive? ^^ Behold, these caused the
children of Israel, through the coun-
sel of Balaam, to commit trespass
against the Lord in the matter of
Peor, and there was a plague^ among
the congregation of the Lord, ^'^Now
therefore kill every male among the
little ones, and kill every Avoman
that hath known man by lying with
him.'' I*' But all the women children,
that have not known a man by lying
with him, keep alive for yourselves.^

'^And do ye abide* without the
camp seven days : whosoever hath
killed any person, and whosoever
hath touched' any slain, purify both
yourselves and your captives on the
third day, and on the seventh day.
^•^And purify all your raiment, and
all that is made of skins,' and all
work of goats' hair, and all things
made of wood."

2^ And Eleazar the priest said unto

i The women and
the little ones,
and the cattle,
and all that is
in the city, even
all the s))oil
thereof, shalt
tliou take unto
thyself; & thou
shalt eat the
spoil of thine
enemies, which
the Lord thy
God hath given
thee. De. 20, 14.

y Ilcb., host of
war.

5 (If we estimate
the number of wo-
men who had se-
duced the Israel-
ites to sin, by that
of the men slain
(twenty -four
thousand), and
also by the pro-
portion of young
women who were
spared, we shall
conclude that
most of those
whom Moses sen-
tenced to perish
were actually
guilty in the af-
fair vflSaal-peor.

Pic. Bib.)

6 Ch. 24, 14. S
Pe. 2, 15. Re.
2, 14.

i Ch. 25, 9.

1) Heb., a male.

6 (By employing
them as domes-
tics. The laws
protected them
from improper
treatment.)

A: ...Whosoever is
detiled by the
dead .... witliout
the camp shall
ve put them ;
that they defile
not their camps,
in the midst
whereof I dwell.
...Ch. 5, 2, 3.

ZHetliattoucheth
the dead body of
any man shall
be unclean seven
days. Ch. 19,
11.

t Heb., instrur
ment or vessel of
skins.

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. ]"

NUMBERS.

f NU. 30, 14.
1 31, 51.

K (T?iis was iiol
jtrotiiUil /or in
cli. xiv.)

A (The water with
whicA the nshifs
of the. red fiei/rr
waD minyleii. Ch.
8, 7 ; 19, 2.)

(L lli'b., ofthrcnfy-
tivily. (Th-^prey
taken of the Mi-
din nites mis of
three, kiiuts, —
person.i, ve. 18 ;
be>isl!i, ve. 32;
nwvenbles, verses
22, 50.)

IT (This war,
brinyiiiy miicli
spoil to the cap-
tors, yave occii-
tion to iloses to
tstnhlish the re-
futation respect-
ing the division
oj the spoil takrn
in war. T/iix
WHS especially
desirnblt as the
career of conquest
had begun, and as
the great law-
giver was about
to die.)

i (This is but the
tenth part of
what was taken
out of the other
half belonging to
the congregation,
this being taken
for the priests,
the other for the
LevUfj). The

tame proportion
u observe! here
tu in the tithes.)

(The congrega-
tion not having
katarded their
iives are enjoined
to part with ten
timet as much as
Mom who went to
tuttU, and in
tmeh a proportion
at the number of
Mow that went
to battle held to
Me whole congre-
gation, which was
about the fiftieth
part ; for that is
the proportion
between twelve
thousand men of
var, and the sii
^hundred thou-
\ sand of the whole
ViCongregtition.)

■ Or, goats.

the men of war which went to the
battle, " This is the ordinance of the
law which the Loud coniniantlcd
Moses; ^'^only the gold," and the
silver, the brass, the iron, the tin,
and the lead, -•'everv tiling that may
abide the fire, ye shall make it go
through the fire, and it shall be
clean : nevertheless it shall be puri-
fied with the water of separation :^
and all that abideth not the fire ye
shall make go through the water.

'^^And ye shall wash your clothes
on the seventh day, and ye shall be
clean, and afterward ye shall come
into the camp."

^^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, '^''" Take the sum of the prey'*
that was taken, both of man and of
beast, thou, and Eleazar the priest,
and the chief fathers of the congre-
gation: ^"^and divide the prey into
two" parts ; between them that took
the war upon them, who went out to
battle, and between all the congre-
gation : ^and levy a tribute unto the
LoKi) of the men of war which went
out to battle : one soul of five^ hun-
dred, both of the persons, and of the
beeves, and of the asses, and of the
sheep: 2'* take it of their half, and
give it unto Eleazar the priest, for
an heave offering of the Loud. *^ And
of the children of Israel's half, thou
shalt take one portion of fifty,° of the
person,s, of the beeves, of the asses,
and of the flocks,'^ of all manner of
beasts, and give them unto the Le-
vites, Avhich keep the charge of the
tabernacle of the Lord."

^* And Moses and Eleazar the priest
did as the Loud connnanded ^loses.
•'-And the booty, being the rest of the
prey which the men of war had caught,
was six hundred thousand and seventv
thousand and five thousand .sheep,
•^and threescore and twelve thousand
beeves, "*^and threescore and one thou-
sand asses, *'and thirty and two thou-
sand persons in all, of women that had
not known man by lying with him.

^"And the half, which was the por-
tion of them tliat went out to war,
was in number three hundred thou-
sand and seven and thirty thousand
and five hundred sheep: '^^ and the
L(H{i)'.s tribute of the sheep was sixP
hundred and threescore and fifteen.
^**And the beeves wtre. thirty and six
thousand; of which the Loicd's tribute
was threescore and twelve. '''And the
asses were thirty thousand and five
hundred; of which the Loud's tribute
was threescore and one. ''"And the
persons were sixteen thousand ; of
which the Lord's tribute was thirty
and two persons.

*^ And Moses gave the tribute,
which was the Lord's heave offering,
unto Eleazar the priest, as the Lord
commanded Moses. '^'^ And of the
children of Israel's half, which Moses
divided from the men that warred,
■^ (now the half that pertained tintu
the congregation was three"^ hundred
thousand and thirty thousand and
seven thousand and five hundred
sheep, ^* and thirty and six thou-
sand beeves, '*^and thirty thousand
asses and five hundred, '*''and sixteen
thousand persons;) '*'^ even of the
children of Israel's half, i\Ioses took
one portion of fifty, both of man and
of beast, and gave them unto the
Levites, which kept the charge of
the tabernacle of the Lord ; as the
Lord commanded Moses.

^And the officers which were over
thousands of the host, the captains of
thousands, and captains of hundreds,
came near \mto Closes: "'•'and they
said unto Moses, "Thy servants have
taken the sum of the men of war
wliieh are under our charge,'^ and
there lacketh not one man of us.
*^\Ve have therefore brought an obla-
tion" for the Ldrd, what every man
hatli gotten,* of jewels of gold, chains,
and bracelets, rings, earrings, and
tablets, to make an atonement" for
our souls before the Lord."

''' And Moses and Eleazar the priest

p (Exactly the pro-
portion of one in
five hundred, en-
joined ve. 28.J

ff (It has been oh-
serveil that it is
difficult not to re-
cognise in verses
32 — 46 an inven-
tory and calcula-
tion made at the
time.)

T Ileb , hand.

V (As a token of
thniikfulness for
His preservation
of us.)

<f> lleh., found.

m Wlicn tlioii
takcst the suiii
(pf the rhililreii
i>f iKratl. after
their iiiimlMT,
then shall they
pive ever)' man
a ransom fi>r his
Kiiiil mito the
1 <pki>, when
thim niiml>e°'rst
them: thnt there
\>v no plntn'e a-
niiinRthem when
thou nuinlien-st
them. Ex. 30,
12.

211

mj. 31, 52. 1
33,5. i"

NUMBERS.

' A.M. 3873.
. B.C. 1568.

X Hcb., heave
offering.

n Ex. 30, 16.

\fi (It is well to re-
mark that Jieu-
ben and Gad
were placed to-
gether under the
same staiidard.)

u Ch. 21, 32. Jos.
13, 25. 2 Sa. 24,
5.

o (Distinguished
for its rich pas-
tures (De. 3, 12,
13. Je. 50, 19.
Mi. 7, 14) and a-
romatic simples,
from which latter
different sorts of
balsam were pre-
pared. The
whole district is
covered with
groups of lime-
stone mxmntains
ititersecti'd bg fer-
tile vallej/s. Ali-
chelson.)

3 Beth-Nimrah.
(Cutting off the
former part of
names of places
is not unusual in
Scripture, as Sa-
lem, Shitlim, Le-
hi.)

y (Shibmah, Tleah-
bon, Elealeh, and
Shebam are de-
scribed as famous
for their vines
in Is. 16, 9, 10.
Je. 48, 32, 34.)

B Baal-meon. Je.
48, 23. Jos. ].%
17. Eze. 25, 9.

0 Moses sent to
spy out Jaazer;
and they took
the villnges
tliereof, & drove
out the Amor-
ites tliat were
there. Ch. 21,
32.

e Ileb., break.

p De. 1, 22.

2 Ch. 13, 3, 26.

212

took the gold of them, even all wrought
jewels. ^^ And all the gold of the of-
fering-^ that they ofterod up to the
Loud, of the captains of thousands,
and of the captains of hundreds, was
sixteen thousand seven hundred and
fifty shekels. — ^^ (For the men of war
had taken spoil, every man for him-
self.)— ^And Moses and Eleazar the
priest took the gold of the captains
of thousands and of hundreds, and
brought it into the tabernacle of the
congregation, for a memorial" for the
children of Israel before the Lord.

WYTT 1 A.M. .3873. B.C. 1568. V'KAa
^-^^iJ-J Plains op Moab. [i'^O

The request of the Beubenites, &c.

NOW the children of Reuben''' and
the children of Gad had a very
great multitude of cattle : and when
they saw the land of Jazer," and the
land of Gilead," that, behold, the
place was a place for cattle : ^ the
children of Gad and the children of
Reuben came and spake unto Moses,
and to Eleazar the priest, and unto
the princes of the congregation, say-
ing, ^" Ataroth, and Dibon, and Ja-
zer, and Nimrah,^ and Heshbon, and
Elealeh, and Shebam,'/ and Nebo, and
Beon,* ^ even the country which the
LoKD smote" before the congregation
of Israel, is a land for cattle, and thy
servants have cattle : ^ wherefore,"
said they, " if we have found grace
in thy sight, let this land be given
unto thy servants for a possession,
and bring us not over Jordan."

^And Moses said unto the children
of { ! ad and to the children of Reuben,
" Shall your brethren go to war, and
sliall ye sit here? ^And wherefore
discourage^ ye the heart of the chil-
dren of Israel from going over into
the land which tlie I^okd hath given
them? ^Thus did your fathers, when
I'' sent thein from Kadesli-barnea to
see the land. ^For when'^ they went
up unto the valley of Eshcol, and
saw the land, they discouraged the

heart of the children of Israel, that
they should not go into the land which
the Lord had given them.

^•^And the Lord's anger*" was kin-
dled the same time, and He sware,
saying, ^^ Surely none of the men
that came up out of Egypt, from
twenty years old and upward, shall
see* the land which I sware unto
Abraham, unto Isaac, and unto Ja-
cob ; because they' have not wholly^
followed Me : ^^ save Caleb the son of
Jephunneh the Kenezite,'' and Joshua
the son of Nun : for they have wholly
followed the Lord.

^^And the Lord's anger was kin-
dled against Israel, and lie made
them wander in the wilderness forty
years, until all the generation, that
had done evil in the sight of the
Lord, was consumed. ^^ And, be-
hold, ye are risen up in your fathers'
stead, an increase of sinful men, to
augment yet the fierce anger of the
Lord toward Israel. ^^ For if ye
turn" away from after Ilim, He will
yet again leave them in the wilder-
ness ; and ye shall destroy all this
people."

^*'And they came near unto him,
and said, " We will build sheepfolds
here for our cattle, and cities^ for our
little ones: ^^but we ourselves will go
ready armed" before the children of
Israel, until we have brought them
unto their place : and our little ones
shall dwell in the fenced cities because
of the inhabitants of the land. ^^ We
will not return'" unto our houses, until
tlie children of Israel have inherited
every man his inlieritance. ^^ For we
will not inherit with them on yonder
side .Jordan, or forward ; because oiu-
inheritance is fellen to us on this^ side
Jordan eastward."

2"And Moses said^ unto them, " If
ye will do this thing, if ye will go
armed before the Lord to war, ^^ and
will go all of you armed' over Jordan
before the Lord, until He hath driven
out His enemies from before Him,
^^ and the land be subdued" before

r Ch. 14, 11, 21.
De. 1, 34.

i- Ch. 14, 28, 29.
De. 1, 35.

t Ch. 14, 22, 23.

i Heb., fulfilled
after me.

T) (There was a
Kenaz, brother
to Caleb. Conip.
1 Chr. 4, 13, 15.
with Jos. 15, 17.
Perhaps the fo/-
ther of Jephun-
neh was so cull-
ed.)

u De. 30, 17. Jos.
22, 16, 18. 2 Chr.
7, 19, and 15, 2.

0 (It would seem
that, as but forty
thousand armed
men from these
tribes passed over
Jordan, seventy
thousand, five
hundred & eighty
men remained to
defend the re-
cently acquired
territary.)

V About forty
thousand pre-
pared for war
passed over be-
fore the Lord
unto battle, to
the plains of Je-
richo. Jos. 4, 13.

w (After the con-
quest) Joshua
said unto them
...ye have not
left your bre-
thren those ma-
ny days (six
years). ..but
have kept the
charge of the
commandment
of the Lord your
God. Jos. 22, 3.

X Ver. 33. Jos.
12, 1, and 13, 8.

y De. 3, 18. Jos.
' 1, 14, and 4, 12,
13.

z (Joshua said)
Rememljer the
word whicli Mo-
ses ...command-
ed... ye shall
pass before your
brethren armed
(mar.ihalled by
five, Ex. 13, 18,
mar.), and help
them. Jos. 1, 14.

a Jos. 11, 23.

A.M. 3873. )
B.C. 1568. ;

NUMBERS.

i NU. 31, 52.
\ 33, 5.

ft .Ic.shim blesseil
tlifui, and sent
tliiin nwiiy; niid
tiny went unto
their tents. Jos.
22, 6.

1 (I'f shall know
Hour sill when
evih overtake
yoH.)

c (So) they (also)
answori'd.Ioshua
...All thnt thon
coninmnilest ns
wo will d(i, and

wllitlu'lSIX'VlT

thon sendest us
wo will go. Jos.
1. 16.

K (I^/t it in
charge with those
who had the go-
vernment of af-
Jairs under him.)

K(Tnl<t what falls
to their share
there; and this
country be dis-
posed of as God
shiill direct.)

fL (J/iivernick re-
marks, that "the
prolixity in the
account is evi-
dence of a feeling
qf interest tchich
eouUl not be ex-
cited when all
fptre in quiet pos-
session of their
own territories")

V (It does not ap-
pear that the half
tribe ofiln n isseh
had join'd the
tribes of lieu ben
and Gad in their
request. Jloses
allotted to the
half tribe of Ma-
nasseh a posses-
ticn east of Jor-
dan, either be-
cause he thought
the whole con

Siered region too
rgefor the two
tribes, or because
circumst'inces
connected with the
tribe itself (its
increase irns
twenty thousand
Jive hundred.
He'll-! y double
that of any other)
rendered its divi-
sion desirable.)
De. 3, 12, and
29, 8. Jos. 12,
6, and 13, 8.

the LoKD : then afterward ye shall
return, and be guiltless* before the
LoKi), and before Israel ; and this
land shall be your possession before
the Linu). ''^■' Hut if ye will not do
so, behold, ye have sinned ap^ainst
the Loud : and be sure jour sin will
find' you out. ^^Jiuild you cities for
your little ones, and folds for yoin-
sheep ; and do that whieh hath pro-
ceeded out of your nioutli."

'-''^And the cliildrcn of (Jad and the
children of Ixeuben spake unto Moses,
saying, "Thy servants will do as my
lord conimandeth. ^•'Our little ones,
our wives, our flocks, and all our
cattle, shall be there in the cities of
Gilead : '^^ but thy servants will pass
over, every man armed for war, be-
fore the Lord to battle, as my lord
saith."<=

^So concerning them Mo.scs com-
manded* ICleazar the priest, and .Jo-
shua the son of Nun, and the chief
fathers of the tribes of the children
of Israel : '^and Moses said unto them,
" If the children of Gad and the chil-
dren of Reuben will pass with you
over Jordan, every man armed to
battle, before the Lokd, and the land
shall be subdued before you; then ye
shall give them the land of Gilead
for a possession: ■'"but if they will
not pass over with you armed, they
shall liave^ possessions among you in
the land of Canaan."

^* And the children of Gad and the
children of Keuben answered,'* say-
ing, "As the LoKi) hath said unto
thy servants, so will we do. ^'^ We
will pass over armed before the Loud
into the land of Canaan, that the
possession of our inheritance on this
side Jordan may be cur's."

^''And Moses gave nnto them, even
to the children of (J ad, and to the
children of IJeuben, and unto half
the tribe of Manasseh" the son of
Joseph, the kingdom of Sihon king
of the Amorites, and tlie kingdom of
Og king of Bashan, the land, with

the cities thereof in the coasts, even
the cities of the country round about.

*'And the children of Gad builtf
Dibon, and Ataroth, and Aroer, ■'•''and
Atrotli, Sliophan, and Jaazer,° and
J(igl)('hah, ''''and Deth-nimrah," and
JJeth-haran, fenced cities : and folds
for sheep.

^'^ And the children of Keuben built
Ileshbon, and Klealeh, and Kirja-
thaim, "'*^and Nebo, and liaal-meon,
(their names being changed,)'' and
Shibmah : and gave othei'^ names
unto the cities which they builded.

^'■•And the children of Machir the
son of Manasseh went to Gilead, and
took it, and dispossessed the Amorite
which iras in it.

^•^And Moses gave Gilead nnto
Machir the son of Manasseh ; and
he dA\elt therein.

^'And J air'' the son of Manasseh
went and took the small towns there-
of, and called them Ilavoth-jair.

^^And Nobah went and took Ke-
nath, and the villages thereof, and
called it Nobah, after his own name.

WVTTT "1 A-M..3873. B.C. 15C8. fl 17

-^-^-'»-'-li-J 1'I.AINS OF MOAB. LJ-'i/

1. Becnpilulntion of the journeys.
Comprising Ex. xii.— xix.

THESE are the journeys" of the
children of Israel, which went
forth out of the land of Egypt with
their armies under the hand of Moses
and Aaron.

'■^And Moses wrote their goings*
out according to their journeys by
the commandment of the Lokd : and
these are their journeys according to
their goings out. ^And they departed
from Ivameses in the first month, on
the fifteenth day of tlie first month ;
on the morrow after the j)assover the
children of Israel went out with an
high hand in the sight of all the
Egyptians. ^Eor the Egyj'tians bu-
ried< all their firstborn, which the
Lokd had smitten among them: upon
their gods also the Lokd executed''
judgments. ^ And the children of

(("Thetermbuild-
ing," says J/eng-
atfitlierg, " not
utifriquenlly,
when cities are
spoken of that
luwe been long
built, receives
from Pie connec-
tion tlie sense of
fortifying. That
the word is used
so here tlure can
lie no doubt."
C'oinpai-e 1 Ki.
15, 17.)

0 A'c. 1, 3, Jazer.

n Ve. 3, Nimrah.

p (This was a very
common proce-
dure on the part
of conquerors. A
remembrance of
this fact freeji
ma ny passages of
the Bible from
confusion. Of
cou rsr Ih is change
is noted here be-
cause Nebo and
Baal were two
deities among the
vanquished na-
tions.)

a Ileb., they call-
ed by names the
names of the
cities.

T (J air was, by
h is mother's side,
of Manasseh. See
1 Chr. 2, 21, 22
De. 3, 14. Jos
1.3, 1, and 17, 1
Jlis father was
Si-gub of Judah,
it contemporary
with Moses.)

V (It would seem
that Moses before
h is ilea th, by com-
mand of God,
wrote out full
particulars of the
journeyings in the
wildt rness.)

ijt ( Hiivemick says
that this cata-
logue ** was in-
truded to present
a review of the
whole route of
the Journey, and
hence to contain
the names of in-
dividual places
only so Jar as
they were those
where the Israel-
ites had remain-
ed.'-)

\ (An addition to
the previous his-
torical narrative
in Ex. 12, 28.)

d Ex. 12, 12, and
IS, 11. Is. 19, 1.
Ke. 12, 8.

213

NTJ. 33,6. I
34,14./

NUMBERS.

J A.M. 3873.
I B.C. 1568.

e Ex. 12, 37, and
13, 20.

/ Ex. 14, 2, 9.

g He. U, 29.

h Ex. 15, 27.

i Ex. 16, 1.

k Ex. 17, 1, .ind
19, 2.

m Ex. 16, 1, and
19, 1, 2.

i// (Thfij procfvdcd
down Wady-sheik
in a ncrrlh-west
directiou,but hav-
ing come to a
gorge in the
inountaius, they
struck into a
north-north-east
direction across
a sandy plain ;
aiul thin passed
fiver the Jehel-et-
Tyh, and came
down the ]\'ady
Zahikah to the
shition Taherah,
C'li. 11, 3. De.
9,22. This teas
their first regular
encampment af-
ter leaving Sinai,
and it took them
three days to
reach it.)

a That is, The
graves of lust.

a (Here) Miri.im
and Aaron spake
against Moses.
C'li.12,1. (From
JJazeroth they
came to Kadesh,
in the wildi:rniss
of Paran, which

was) eluvon

days' journey
from Ilorel), by
thewayof .Vldiint
Seir....I)e. 1, 2,
(from which place
the spies were
sent, about the
first day of the
til ird month of
the second year
of their iltparture
out of Egypt.)

/3 (Dr. Kitto says,
" This period em-
braces the period
of thirty -eight
years, from the
departure of the
Israelites from
Kadesh till their
return thither'')

y (.'iome think that
between these two
places were many
years' wander-
ing, of wh ich
the places named
ve. 20—36 were
the later part.)

211

Israel removed fi-oiii Ranieses, and
pitched ill Siiccoth.'^ *^And they de-
])arted from Succoth, and pitched in
Etliani, which is in the edge of the
wiklerncris. '^And they removed fi'om
Ktham, and tm-ned again unto Pi-ha-
hiroth/ which is before Baal-zephon :
and they pitched before IMigdol. ^And
they departed from before Pi-hahiroth,
and passed through the midst of the
sea^ into the wilderness, and went
three days' journey in the wilderness
of Etham, and pitched in Marah.
^And they removed from ISIarah, and
came unto Elim :* and in Elim were
twelve fountains of water, and three-
score and ten pahu trees ; and they
pitched there.

^^And they removed fi'om Elim,
and encamped by the Red sea. ^^And
they removed from the Red sea, and
encamped in the wilderness^ of Sin.
^^ And they took their journey out of
the wilderness of Sin, and encamped
in Dophkah. ^^And they departed
from Dophkah, and encamped in
A lush. ^* And they removed from
Alush, and encamped at Rephidim,*
where was no water for the people to
drink. ^^ And they departed from
Rephidim, and pitched in the wil-
derness'" of Sinai.

2. From Sinai to Kadesh.
Comprising Nu. x.— xiv.

^^And they removed''' from the de-
sert of Sinai, and pitched at Kibroth-
hattaavah." ^^ And they departed
from Kibroth-liattaavah, and en-
camped at Hazeroth."* i^And they
departed from Hazeroth, and pitched
in Rithmah.

3. The wandering.

^^And they departed from Rith-
mah,^ and pitched at Riininon-parez.v
^*^And they departed from Riininon-
parcz, and pitched in Libnah, '^lAnd
they removed from Libnah, and pitch-
ed at Rissah. '-^^And they journeyed
fi'om Rissah, .and pitched in Kehela-
thah. '''^And they went from Kel)e-
lathah, and pitched in mount Sha-

pher. ^* And they removed from
mount Shapher, and encamped in
Haradah. ^^And they removed from
Haradah, and pitched in Makheloth.
'■^^ And they removed from jMakheloth,
and encamped at Tahath. ^''And they
departed from Tahath, and pitched at
Tarah. '^*^And they removed from
Tarah, and pitched in Mithcah. ^^And
they went from Mithcah, and pitched
in Hashmonah. ^^ And they departed
from Hashmonah, and encamped at
Moseroth. ^^ And they departed from
Moseroth, and pitched in Bene-jaakan.
^^And they removed fi-om Eene-jaa-
kan," and encamped at Hor-hagidgad.
"^^ And they went from Hor-hagidgad,
and pitched in Jotbathah. ^And
they removed from Jotbathah, and
encamped at Ebronah. ^^And they
departed from Ebronah, and encamped
at Ezion-gaber.^ ^^And they removed
from Ezion-gaber, and pitched in the
wilderness of Zin, which is Kadesli.^
^''And they removed from Kadesh,
and pitched* in mount Hor, in the
edge of the land of Edom.

4. From Kadesh to the Plains of Moah.
Nu. XX. 21— xxi. 33.

^^And Aaron the priest went up
into mount Hor at the commandment'^
of the Lord, and died there, in the
fortieth year after the children of
Israel were come out of the kind of
Egypt, in the first day of the fifth
month. ^^And Aaron ivas an hun-
dred and twenty and three years old
when he died in mount Hor.

*"And king Arad^ the Canaanite,
which dwelt in the south in the land
of Canaan, heard of the corning of
the children of Israel. ^^And they
di'parted from mount Hor, and pitched
in Zahiionah. "^-And they departed
from Zalmonah, and pitched in Pu-
non. ^'^And they departed from Pu-
non, and pitclied in Oboth. *^And
t hey departed from Oboth, and pitched
in Ije-aljarim,'' in the border of Moab.
■*"''And they departed from liin, and
pitched in Dibon-gad.* ^^And they

0 Ge. 36, 27. De.

10, 6. 1 Chr. 1,
42.

p De. 2, 8. 1 Ki.

9, 26, and 22, 48.

5 (Here, and at
this time, died
Miriam, ch. 20,
1, and water was
brought out of
the rock, oh. 20,

11, and 27, 14.)

e (Compare with
ve. ;>7— 47 the
immediately pre-
ceding chapters
from XX., and
De. 1, 2, 10; 2,
8; and 10,6,7.)

q Aaron shall be
gatliered unto
his people : for
he shall not
enter into the
land wliich I
have given unto
the children of
Isriiel, because
ye rebelled a-
gainst My word
at the water of
Meribah. Ch.
20, 24.

i (Rather, the
king of Arad, a
Canaanite. He
heard of their
purpose, and ob-
tained some suo-
cesses against
them. Ch.21, 1.)

r) Or, Heaps of

Abarim In

the wilderness
which is before
Moab, toward
the sun rising.
Ch. 21, U.

6 (So called from
having been re-
built bq the tribe
of Gad, ch. 32,
94. It is the
Dimon of Is. 15,
8; we find it
afterwards in the
possession of the
ilo'ihites. Je.
48, 22.)

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

NUMBERS.

JNU. 33,6.
I 34, 14.

r Ezo. 6, 14.

I (I'/ii- srrnr nf
ihr trdntttirtioti.s
brtinrii IMmim
an I Itiiliik, rlin))-
tiTs xxii. — XXV.)

■e Or, The pJains
ol S/iitlim. C'li.
25, 1. Jos. 3, 1.

* Do. 7, 1, 2, and
9, 1. Jos. a, 17.

( ....The HittiU's
...si'von iintiiins

nii^'litier tlinn
thou. Pe. 7, 1.
Kx. 23, 24, ■X^,
aiKl .U, I,i. IK'.
7, J-'j, mill 12, ,S.
Jos. 11, 12. Ju.
2,2.

\ (Sculptured
Stinnett, Ke. 26, 1,
Do. 16, 22, in.
clwling erfri/-
thing similar to
those in InOr

times, where

every fomi of
creeping tilings.
and aboniiniiblc
beasts, and all...
Idols (wer»M

gmrt raved
ee. 8, 10.

. (Statues, or, pil-
lars, lie. 7, 5,
mar.)

1 Ch. 26, 53.

Heb., multiply
kia inheritauce.

Ucb., dimininh
hU inheritance.

> Jos. 23, 13.

...They .served
their idols:
which were a
snare unto them.
Thus were

they defiled

Therefore was
the wrath of the
Lord kimlled...
insomuch that
He abhorred
Jthem). Vs. lOfi,
^ 40. Ex. 2.%
SS. Ju. 2, 3.
Exe. 28, 24.

Pa. 106, 41.

(Dr. Chalmers
lyi, " We are
told of the
IXtreme danger
there is in
ipanying with
tke ungodiy : and
jf the assilumm
iistanc^ that wr
tught to maintain
'rum all thai
t^ould expose us
o the dtadening
njtii^ncfs of a
orldhj atmo-
pht re.")

removed from 1 )il)on- e.'i'l, and en-
camped in Almon-diltlatliaim.'' ''^And
tliev removed from Almon-dil)lathaim,
and pitched in the monntains of Aha-
rim, hefore Neho. ''•'^And they de-
parted from the monntains of Aharim,
and pitched in the phiins' of Moah
by. Ionian nrar .Jericho. '^^And they
pitched hv .Fonhm, fi'om IJeth-jcsi-
moth eroi nnto Abel-shittim* in the
plains of Moab.

A.M. 3873. n.c. 1568. Plains of Moab
2'A« boumlaries oj the land.

■ [148

^ANl) the I.ORD spake unto Mo-
ses in tlie plains of ^loab by .Jordan
near Jericho, sayinp^, ''^ " Speak unto
the children of Israel, and say unto
them, When' ye are passed over. Jor-
dan into tlie land of Canaan ; ^"-^ then
ye shall drive out all the inhabitants'
of the land from before you, and de-
stroy all their pictures,^ and destroy
all their molten images,'^ and quite
pluck down all th.eir high places :
•^ and ye shall dispossess ihe. inhabi-
tants of the land, and dwell therein :
for I have given you the land to pos-
sess it. ^*And ye shall divide" the
land by lot for an inheritance among
your families : and to the more ye
shall give'' the more inheritance, and
to the fewer ye shall give^ the less
inheritance : every man's inheritance,
shall be in the place where his lot
falleth ; according to the tribes of
your fathers ye sliall inherit. ^'' But
if ye will not drive out the inhabi-
tants of the land from before you ;
then it shall come to pass, that tho.-se
which ye let remain of them ahall be
pricks" in your eyes, and thorns'" in
your sides, and shall vex you in the
land wherein ye dwell. ^''Moreover
it shall come to jiass, that I shall do-^
unto you, as I thought to do unto
theiu.''"

^And the Lord spake unto Moses,
,^,^,,- j,^ -1 saying, '^ "Command the
''*"-'*-'^^ * "J children of Israel, and
say unto them, When ye come into

the land of Canaan -y (this in the
land that shall fall unto you for an
iidieritance, even the land of Canaan
with the coasts thereof:) ^ then your
south"" quarter sliall be from the wil-
(hM-ness of Zin along by the coast of
IaIoiii, and your south border shall
be the outmost coast of the salf sea
eastward : ■* and your border shall
tuni'^ from the south to the ascent of
Akrabbim, and pass on to Zin : and
the going forth tiiereof shall be from
the south to Kadesh-barnea, and shall
go on to Ilazar-addar, and pass on
to Azmon : '^ and the border shall
fetch'' a compass from Azmon unto
the river of Egypt, and the goings"
out of it sliall be at the sea. ''And
as for the western border, ye shall
even have the great''' sea for a border :
this shall be your west border. ^ And
this shall be your north border: from
the great sea ye shall point out for
you mount Hor :X ^from mount Ilor
ye shall point out your border unto
the entrance' of Ilamath ; and the
goings forth of the border shall be to
Zedad:"/* '-'and the border shall go on
to Ziphron,* and the goings out of it
shall be at Ilazar-enan :"'' this shall
be your north border. '"^And ve shall
point out your east border from I lazar-
enan to Shepham : " and the coast
shall go down from Shepham to Kib-
lah," on the east side of Ain ;" and
the border shall descend, and shall
reach unto the side^ of the sea of
ChinneretliY eastward: '-'and the bor-
der shall go down to .Jordan, and
the goings out of it shall be at the
salt sea : this shall be your land with
the coasts thereof round about."

'^And Moses commanded the chil-
dren of Israel, .saying, "This is the
land which yc shall inherit by lot,
which the Lord commanded to give
unto the nine tribes, and to the half
tribe : '* for the tribe of the children
of Keubcn according to the house of
their fathers, and the tribe of the
children of CJad according to the hou.se

y Oe. 17, 8. Dp.
1, 7. I's. 7K. 55,
and 105, 11. Kzc.
47, 14.

IT (The snuth-iresl
corner of your
southern boun-
dary shall be
where Ihe wildtr-
wss of /.in touch-
elh on the border
nf Kilom.)

p (The Dead Sea,
or iMke of So-
dom.) Oe. 14, 3
Jos. 15, 2.

<T ( Winding about
the south side of
theh'-ightsoJAk-
ralihim. ISurck-
hnrdl says that
Ihe ascent of Ak
ralihim is to be
rr/erred to the
acclivity of the
western mountain
from the plain
of AhilKih.)

T ( Win/I almut the
torrent nf Egypt
to Wady El-
Arish, and ler-
miiutte at the
Great Sea.) Ge.
15, 18. Jos. 15,
4, 47. 1 Ki. 8,
C5. Is. 27, 12.

V (It is impossible
to define exactly
the Imundary on
Ihe south, hut it
no doubt left a
COTisuternble dis-
trict between E-
gypt and the pro-
mised land.)

</> (The itediter-
ranran.)

X (Lit., mountain
of the mountain,
i.e., the eminrnl
mountain — Leba-
non. Jug. 13, 5.)

z Ch. 13. 21. 2
Ki. 14, 25.

1^ (Places along
the difftrent parts
of Ihe two ranges
of I^lnninn.)
iCze. 47, 17.

u (On the north
ItoriUr of l\ile»-
tine.)

a (A great foun-
tain called Ain,
and a fifUige
bearing Ihe same
name, stilt ex-
ists.)

P Ilcb., shoulder.

y (Called al.to the
sea of OaliUe, the
sen of Tiberias,
and the lake of
Genneaareth.)

215

NU. 34, 15. 1
36,2. i

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3873.
\ B.C. 1568.

5 (The. valley of
Jordan vnrifs in
width from five to
tenmiles. Within
this is a lower
valley about half
a mile vnde, co-
vered with tref.s
and hushes. The
distance between
the two lakes in a
direct line is about
sixty miles.)

b Jos. 14, 1, and
19, 51.

c Ch. 1, 4, 16.

6 (It is worthy of
remark that Mo-
ses does not fol-
low any order
hitherto used of
placing the tribes,
neither that in
ch. i., nor that
in ch. vii., nor
that in ch.xxvi.,
nor any other;
but places them
here exactly in
that order in
which they pos-
sessed the land.
Clarke.)

^ (They dwelt in
the south.) Jos.
15, 1, and 18, 5.

d The second lot
came forth to
Simeon. ..their
inheritance was
within the in-
heritance of tlie
children of .lu-
dah. Jos. 19, 1.

r, Jos. 18, 11.
(Joshua cast lots
for the .seven
tribes; of these
Benjamin came
up first. Jos. 18,

10, 11.;

e The seventh
\ot... (in the coun-
try of the Philis-
tines.) Jos. 19,
40,41.

/Jos. 16, 1.

y Jos. 16, 5.

h The third lot.
Jos. 19, 10.

i The fourth lot.
Jos. 19, 17.

k The fifth lot.
.los. 19, 24.

/ The sixth lot.
.1.8. 19,32.

216

of their fathers, have received their
inhei'itance ; and half the tribe of
Manasseh have received their inhe-
ritance: ^^the two tribes and the half
tribe have received their inheritance
on this side Jordan* near Jericho east-
ward, toward tlie sunrising,"

^*^ And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saying, ^^ " These are the names of
tlie men which shall divide the land
unto you : Eleazar* the priest, and
Joshua the son of Nun. ^^And ye
shall take one prince*^ of every tribe,
to divide the land by inheritance.
^^ And the names' of the men are
these : Of the tribe of Judah,^ Caleb
the son of Jephunneh. ^'^ And of the
tribe of the children of Simeon, "^^ She-
muel the son of Ammihud. ^^ Of the
tribe of Benjamin,'' Elidad the son
of C'hislon. ^^And the prince of the
tribe of the children of Dan,*^ Bukki
the son of Jogli. ^^ The prince of
the children of Joseph, for the tribe
of the children of Manasseh,/ Han-
niel the son of Ephod. ^''And the
prince of the tribe of the children of
Ephraim,^ Kemuel the son of Shiph-
tan. 2^ And the prince of the tribe
of the children of Zebulun, Elizaphan''
the son of Parnach. '^'^ And the prince
of the tribe of the children of Issa-
char,' Paltiel the son of Azzah. ^'^And
the prince of the tribe of the children
of Asher,* Aliihud the son of She-
lomi. ^^And tlie prince of the tribe
of the children of Naphtali,' Pedahel
the son of Ammihud."

^^Tbese are they whom the Lord
commanded to divide the inheritance
unto the children of Israel in the
land of Canaan.

XXXV.]

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568. Fl AQ

ri.AIN'S OF MOAB. [_l^o'

The cities of refuge.

A ND the Lord spake unto Moses
1\_ in the plains of Moab by Jordan
near Jericho, saying, '^ " Command
the children of Israel, that they give
unto the Levites, of the inheritance

of their possession, cities'" to dwelP
in ; and ye shall give also unto the
Levites suburbs for the cities round
about them. ^And the cities shall
they have to dwell in ; and the sub-
urbs of them shall be for their cattle,
and for their goods, and for all their
beasts. * And the suburbs of the
cities, which ye shall give unto the
Levites, shall reach from the w^ill of
the city and outward a thousand'
cubits round about. ^And ye shall
measure from without the city on the
east side two thousand cubits, and on
the south side tw^o thousand'^ cubits,
and on the west side two thousand
cubits, and on the north side two
thousand cubits ; and the city shall
be in the midst : this^ shall be to
them the suburbs of the cities.

''And among the cities which ye
shall give unto the Levites there shall
be six cities for refuge, which ye shall
appoint for the manslayer,'^ that he
may flee thither : and to them ye
shall add" forty and two cities.

'^ So all the cities which ye shall
give to the Levites shall be forty and
eight cities : them shall ye give with
their suburbs. ^ And the cities which
ye shall give shall be of the posses-
sion of the children of Israel : from
them that have many ye shall give
many ; but from them that have few
ye shall give few : every one shall
give of his cities unto the Levites
according to his inheritance which
he inheriteth."^

^And the Lord spake unto Moses,
saj'ing, ^*^" Speak unto the children
of Israel, and say unto them. When
ye be come over Jordan into the land
of Canaan ; ^^ then ye shall appoint"
you cities to be cities of refuge for
you ; that tlie slayer may flee thi-
ther, which killeth any person at
unawares." *^ And they shall be unto
you cities for refuge from the aven-
ger ;'^ that the manslayer die?' not,
until he stand before tlie congrega-
tion in judgment. ^^ And of these

m Jos. 14, 3, & 21,
2. Ee. 45, 1, &

6 (The Levites
were by no means
the exclusive oc-
cupants, as ap-
p^ars from what
is sa id of G ibecfh,
Hebron, <tc.)

I (Five hundred
and eighty-three
yards. About
one-third of an
English mile.)

K (One thousand
one hundred and
sixty-six yards.
About two-thirds
of an English
mile.)

A (" The suburbs,"
.says Maimoni-
des, " of the cities
are expressed in
the law to be
three thousand
cubits on every
side from the
wall of the city
and outwards.
The first thou-
sand cubits are
the suburbs, and
the two thousand
which they mea-
suntl without the
suburbs, were for
fields and vine-
yards.")

iu (The object of
these regulations
was to guard a-
gainst the evils of
the usage, which
rendered it a
point of honour,
indispensable and
remorseless, for
the nearest rela-
tive of a person
slain to become
the avenger of his
blood. Pic. Bib.)

V Hcl)., above them
ye shall give.

f Heh., they in-
herit.

n Ex. 21, 13.

0 lU'b., by error.

■n {The Hebrew
signifies a Re-
deemer, Job 19,
25. In this sense
it occurs several
times in Isaiah,
The right belong-
ed to the nearest
of kin.)

p Jos. 20, 4.

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 15(38. 1

NUMBERS.

) NU. 34, 15.
1 36,2.

(/ Muses sevprod
tlirt'i' citU's on
tliissule.Jonlaii,

...llizir I!i\-

iiii<th....niid (io-
Uu....Ue. 4, 41,

r They ap-
pointed Kftdesli

Slu'clit'in....

& Kirjath-iirim,
wliicli is Hi'-
bi'oii...Jus. -JU, 7.

» Ch. 15, 16.

( Ifany man hate
his neifjliboiir,
and lie in wait
for liim, and rise
up against liini,
and smite him

mortally De.

19, tl.

Heb., teilk a
stonf of the hand.

If a man come
presiimptnously
upon his iieir;h-
bonr. til slay him
Trith guile. ..Kx.
21, 14.

t> De. 19, 12.

Ge. 4, 8. 2 Sa.
la, 27, and 2(\ 10.
|l Ki. 2, 31, 32.

(The law aimed
\at enforcing a
\aaluUiry caution
iagainst all ncca-
\tion of fatal ae-
\eident, by suit-
iecting even the
unintentional
llayer to the con-
junces of a
'ong exile from
Ume.)

Jo8. 20, 5.

Jos. 20, 6.

("An uncertain
Ime," says one,
but on.- likely to
long enough to
Hffer the ejccited
'eelings of the
tger to cool,
well as for
^/teetion to come

0 hit aid, and
' of those who

urged him
Our re-
emftion and li-
trty from the
MtU of our sins

1 owing to the
tath of Chri.1t,
nr great High

.29, 7. Le.
8, and 21, 10.

cities which ye shall give, six cities
shall ye have for refuge. *■* Yc shall
give three'' cities on this side .Jordan,
and three cities shall ye give in the
land of Canaan,'' wJtich shall he cities
of refuge. ^'^ These six cities shall be
a refuge, both for the children of Is-
rael, and for the stranger,* and for
the sojourner among them : that every
one that killeth any person unawares
may flee thither.

^''And if lie smite him with an in-
strument of iron, so tliat he die, he
is a murderer :' the murderer shall
surely be put to death. ^'^And if he
smite him with? throwing a stone,
wherewith he may die, and he die,
he is a murderer : the murderer shall
surely be put to death. ^'^Or ;/ he
smite" him with an hand weapon of
wood, wherewith he may die, and
he die, he is a murderer : the mur-
derer shall surely be put to death.
'^The revenger of blood himself shall
slay the murderer : when he meet-
eth him, he shall slay him. ^15ut
if lie thrust him of hatred, or hurl at
him by laying of wait, that he die ;
■■^'or in enmity smite him with his
hand, that he die : he that smote him
shall surely be put to death ; for he
/*■ a murderer : the revenger of blood
shall slay the murderer, when he
meeteth" 'him. 2- But if he thrust""
him suddenly without enmity, or have
cast upon him any thing without lay-
ing of wait, 2^ or with any stone,
wherewith a man may die, seeing
him not, and cast it upon him, that
he die, and irns not his enemy, nei-
ther sought his harm :' '^^ then the
congregation shall judge"" between the
slayer and the revenger of blood ac-
cording to these judgments : 2'' and
the congregation shall deliver the
slayer out of the hand of the revenger
of blood, and the congregation shall
restore him to the city of his refuge,
whither he was fled : and he shall
.'\bide''' in it unto the death of the
high priest,"" which was anointed-
with the holy oil. ^^But if the slayer

shall at an}' time come without the
border of the city of his refuge, whi-
ther he was fled ; '■^'^and the revenger
of blood find him without the borders
of the city of his refuge, and the re-
venger of blood kill the slayer ; he
shall not be guilty of blood :'' -**be-
cause he should have remained in the
city of his refuge until the death of
the high priest : but after the death
of the high priest the slayer shall
return into the land of his possession.

'2'' So these thiiijs shall be for a sta-
tute'' of judgment unto you through-
out your generations in all your dwell-
ings.

•^•^ Whoso killeth any person, the
murderer shall be put to death by the
mouth*^ of witnesses : but one"^ witness
shall not testify against any person
to cause him to die.

^' Moreover yc shall take no satis-
faction for the life of a murderer,
which is guiltyx of de^ath : but he
shall be surely'^ put to death.*

"^2 And ye shall take no satisfaction
for him that is fled to the city of his
refuge, that he should come again to
dwell in the land, until the death of
the priest.

^'60 ye shall not pollute the land
wherein ye are : for blood it defil-
eth-^ the land : and the land''' cannot
be cleansed of the blood that is shed
therein, but by the blood of him that
shed it. ^^i)efile<" not therefore the
land which ye shall inhabit, wherein
I dwell : for I the Ldun dwell among
the children of Israel."

XXXVI.]

Of heires.^'s.

[150

AND the chief fathers of the fami-
lies of tli(! elilldren of (lilead,
the son of Maehir, the son of Manas-
seh, of the families of the sons of
.Joseph, came near, and spake before
Moses, and before the princes, the
chief fathers of the children of Israel :
^and they said, "The Lord com-
manded my lord to give the land* for

217

r Ilcb., no bUtod
shall he to him.
i:x. 2-.>, 2.

6Ch. 27, 11.

e De. 17, 6, and
19, 15. Mat. 18,
Ifi. 2 Co. l.S, 1
He. 10, 28.

Ip (One man may
mistftke, or be
vifilently preju'
diced as even to
impose on his
iiicn judgment, or

wicked but it

vas not likely
that two or more
should be so.
Clarke.)

\ Ileb., faulty to
die.

d Whoso slied-
di'th man's
bliK)d, by man
shall his blood
\»i shed. Ue. 9,
G.

e Thine eye shall
not pity him,
but thou shalt
jiut away the
guilt of inno-
cent bloo<l from
Israil, that it
may go well
with thee. De.
19, 13.

fVa. IOC. as. Mi.
4, II.

i// Heb., there can
be no cjrpiaticn
for the land.

<o Le. 18, 25. De.
21, 23. (llolhthe
grexiter penalty
for murder, and
the lesser for
manslaughter, as
put forth in this
chapter, evince
how peremptory
the divine law is
on the matter of
shedding man's
blood. Chal-
mers.)

a (A taw had pre-
viously been en-
acted, to the effect
t/iat daughters
might inhrrit
lai'id. The heads
of the tribe of
Mnnassrh repre-
sent to 3lnses that
if the daughters
of Zelophehad
married into an-
other tribe, part
ofthr tf-rritoryof
Slannssrh would
pass orrr to t/ial
trilie. Hence it is
hrre enacted that
heiresses should
not marry tnt of
their ovm tribe.)

2 F

NU. 36, 3. )

DE. 1, 2. ;

NUMBERS.

f A.M. 3873.
\ B.C. 1568.

g The land

shall be diviileil
by lot : aoc'ord-
iug to the names
of the tribos
of their fathers
they shall inhe-
rit. Ch. 26, 55.
Jos. 17, 3.

h Ch. 27, 7. Jos.
17, 4.

/3 lleb., untowhom
they shall be.

y (And cause such
great confusion,
as that the dis-
tinction of tribes
might, in time, be
lost.)

S Le.25, 10. (TTiat
wh ich was design-
ed for presei-ving
inheritances will
not remedy this.)

i See ch. 27, 1—7.

€ Heb, be wives.

3 (Daughters are
not to be forced
to marry such as
they like not. Ge.
24, 57, 58.)

T) (The law de-
signed the pre-
servation of the
family, as well
as of the tribe,
and this teas one
reason why the
law of marrying
a brother's wife
was made. See
De. 25, 6. Tobit
1,9.)

an inheritance by lot^ to the children
of Israel : and my lord was com-
manded by the Loud to give the in-
lieritance of Zelophehad our brother
unto his daughters.* •''And if they
be married to any of the sons of the
other tribes of the children of Israel,
then shall their inheritance be taken
from the inheritance of our fathers,
and shall be put to the inheritance
of the tribe whereunto^ they are re-
ceived : so shall it be taken from the
lot of our inheritance.T '*And when
the jubilee* of the children of Israel
shall be, then shall their inheritance
be put unto the inheritance of the tribe
whereunto they are received : so shall
their inheritance be taken away fi-om
the inheritance' of the tribe of our
fathers."

^And Moses commanded the chil-
dren of Israel according to the word
of the Lord, saying, " The tribe of
the sons of Joseph hath said well.
^This is the thing which the Lord
doth command concerning the daugh-
ters of Zelophehad, saying, Let them
marry^ to whom they think best ;^
only to the family*) of the tribe of
their father shall they many. '^ 8o
shall not the inheritance of the chil-

dren of Israel i-emove from tribe to
tribe : for every one of the children
of Israel shall keep himself to the in-
heritance* of the tribe of his fathers.
*^And every daughter,^ that possess-
eth an inheritance in any tribe of the
children of Israel, shall be wife unto
one of the family of the tribe of her
father, that the children of Israel
may enjoy every man the inheritance
of his fathers. ^Neither shall the in-
hei'itance remove from one tribe to
another tribe : but every one of the
tribes of the children of Israel shall
keep' himself to his own inheritance."

^^Even as the Lord commanded
Moses, so" did the daughters of Zelo-
phehad : ^^for Mahlah, Tirzah, and
Hoglah, and Milcah, and Noah, the
daughters of Zelophehad, were mar-
ried unto their father's brothers' sons :
^"cmd they were married into'^ the
families of the sons of Manasseh the
son of Joseph, and their inheritance
remained in the tribe of the family
of their father.

^3 These'^ are the commandments
and the judgments, which the Lord
commanded, by the hand of Moses, un-
to the children of Israel, in the plains
of Moab, by Jordan near Jericho.

k ...Naboth said
to A hah, " The
Loud forbid it
me, tliat I sliould
give the inherit-
ance of my fa-
thers unto thee."
1 Ki. 21, 3.

e (This law affect-
ed none hut heir-
esses ; sons might
marry into other
trihe.s, so might
Levites. 2 Chr.
22, 11. Ezr. 2,
61. Lu. 1, 5, 36,
and 3, 23, 31.)

I Hob., cleave to
the, dc.

K (Their present
compliance wasin
accordance with
the spirit of their
formf.r request,
" Wliy should
the name of oar
father be done
away from a-
mong his fami-
ly?" Ch.27,4)

A Heb., to some
that were of the
families.

IJ. (The period of
time embraced in
the book of Num
bers is thirty-
eight years nine
months. Carpz.,
ii., 127.)

218

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

J NU. 36, 3.
( DE. 1,2.

THE

FIFTH BOOK OF MOSES

DEUTEEONOMY.

THE book of Deuteronomy {AfvTtpov6fiiov, second law) was so called by the Alexandrine Jews because it
contained a repetition of the law. For the same reason the Kabbins named it rairo, or repetition. Its con-
nexion with the previous books is most intimate, as it everywhere presupposes their historical contents, and
refers to their legal enactments. It comprises a series of addresses given by Moses to the Israelites immediately
rior to their entering the promised land. To that important step, and to tlie settled occupancy of the country
y the Israelites, everything points. Hence the constant recurrence of the formulae, " When the Lokd thy
God shall bring thee into the land," " go in and possess the land," " the land whither ye go to possess it," &c',
the frequent reference to the place " wliich God should choose as a sanctuary," and tlie adaptation of many of
the laws to the condition of a settled population. " It nowhere," says lltivernick, " loses the point of view,
that the Israelites are now for the first time just about to effect that occupation. Its laws have that occupation
in view as a whole : they do not bear on a certain period, or one particular object, but have regard to the
relations of the life of the people in general : they proceed from the nearest time, the present, and reach even
to the most distant future."

With this book the labours of the great lawgiver end. It is his sacred legacy. He herein speaks with
the affection and solicitude of an old man about to die, and with a freedom, boldness, and vehemence no one
else could with any propriety have used. " Hence," says a writer, " the tone of the law falls here considerably
in the background, and the individuality of the lauyjiver, and his peculiar relations to his people, stand out
more prominently." He continually reveals himself as the writer. "He who speaks," says Jahn, "in
Deuteronomy, enters so thoroughly into the circumstances and feelings which must have been peculiar to Moses,
and what he utters corresponds so exactly to the peculiar circumstances of the people addressed, that no other
but the original speaker could ever have had so perfect a regard to these circumstances, or could ever have
preserved it so completely, as nowhere to betray himself."

The book itself was, doubtless, written in the plains of Moab, beside the Jordan, near Jericho. In
Deuteronomy the locality is, with but one exception, styled "the lan(l of Moab," not "the plains of Moab,"
as was the designation in Numbers, because, since the book contemplated the occupancy of the promised land
as the great object to be ensured, exacter definitions of the place of encampment east of .Jordan, heretofore
important, naturally gave place to the more general term. Deuteronomy embraces an account of tlie Israelites
from the first day of the eleventh month of the fortieth year to the seventli day of the twelfth month. It may
be divided into three sections ; I. A review of the past history of the nation, ch. i. — xi. This contains tlntc
distinct jM)rtions; the first, ch. i. — vi. 43; the second, iv. 44 — viii. 20; and the third, ix. — xi. II. A promul-
gation of laws, with a special reference to a settled residence in Canaan. Heiicc they are in part repeated and
made more definite, and in part now first announced, ch. xii. — xxvi. III. The blessings wliicli would result
from obedience, and tlie i)unishment which would be the consequence of disobedience, together with the last
acts of Moses, giving solemnity to the whole, xxvii. — xxxiii. C'h. xxxiv. must be regarded as a supplement
to Deuteronomy, added by another hand. It seems to have been intended as a point of transition to the
following book. This best explains the term vn, Josh. i. 1. It doubtless came from the same author as the
book of Joshua — from Joshua himself.

(Ve. 1 — 6 are an
rate dfscrip-
on of the place
'here Moses de-
ed and did
fhat is contained
it.)

Jos. 9, 1, 10,
nd 22, 4, 7.

I-]

A.1I. 3873. B.r. 1.WS. CForticth year Tl ^ 1
of the Exiidiis, olevpnth month.) j^ltJl
Kadesii-bakne.\ (a viUai^c, the Suf
of Uurckhardt.)

THESE* be the words which Mosea
spake unto all Israel on this* side

Jordan in the wilderness, in the plain
over against the Ked^ sea, between
I'aran,^ and Tophcl, and Lahan, and
liazeroth, and Di Zahab. '^ (There are
eleven d&ya' journe>/ from Iloreb by

P Or, J!uph.

y (Xot Ihf stations
mrntionrd in ch.
\xx\\\.,butplafes
near the southern
extremity of t/u
Dead Sea.)

219

DE. 1, 3. )

DEUTERONOMY.

/A.M. 3873.
1 B.C. 1568.

: (T/f long stay
in llif u-ihkmess
WHS therefore not
to be imputed to
the hngth of the
way.)

JNu. 21,24, 33.

^(Sinai is the more
general name of
the mountain;
Horeh, the appel-
lation of one
peak.)

J (They alo.le
nearly a year
there. Ex. 19, 1.
Nu. 10, 11.)

e Ileb., all his
neiyhbours.

I Ueb., given.

c Ge. 12, 7; 15,
18; 17,7, 8; 26,
4 ; and 28, 13.

d Ex. 18, 18.

e Ge. 15, 5. Ch.
10, 22, and 28,
G2.

/2 Sa. 24, 3.

g Go. 15, 5; 22,
17; and 26, 4.
Ex. 32, 13.

h (Solomon said)
...wlio is ablo to
judge this Thy
so gi-eat a peo-
ple ? 1 Ki. 3, 9.

K Heb., give.

K (It tvould seem
from this passage
ttint Moses him-
self proposed the
appointment of
these officers,
whereasfrom Ex.
18, 17—26 it ap-
pears to have
been the advice
ofjethro. In the
latter, the private
conversation on
the subject is re-
ferred to ; in the
former, the ar-
rangement comes
from Moses, as
the proper source
whence authori-
tative regulations
should proceed.)

i Able men,

such as fear God,
men of truth,
liatingcovotoMs-
nes.s... Ex. 18,21.

ft Ueb., gave.

the way of mount Seir unto* Kadesh-
barnea.)

^And it came to pass in the for-
tieth year, in the eleventh month,
on the first day of the month, that
Moses spake unto the children of
Israel, according unto all that the
Lord had given him in command-
ment unto them ; •* after he had slain*
Sihon the king of the Amorites,
which dwelt in Ileshbon, and Og the
king of Bashan, which dwelt at As-
taroth, in Edrei : ^ on this side Jor-
dan, in the land of Moab, began
Moses to declare this law, saying,
^ " The Lord our God spake imto
us in Horeb,^ saying. Ye have dwelt
long enough'' in this mount : ^ turn
you, and take your journey, and go
to the mount of the Amorites, and
unto all tJie places^ nigh thereunto,
in the plain, in the hills, and in the
vale, and in the south, and by the sea
side, to the land of the Canaanites,
and unto Lebanon, unto the great
river, the river Euphrates. ^Behold,
I have set' the land before you : go
in and possess the land which the
Lord sware unto your fathers, Abra-
ham,'^ Isaac, and Jacob, to give unto
them and to their seed after them.

^And I spake'' unto you at that
time, saying, I am not able to bear
you myself alone : ^^ the Lord your
God hath multiplied you, and, be-
hold, ye are this day as the stars'" of
heaven for multitude. ^^ (The Lord
G od of your fathers make you a thou-
sand-'^ times so many more as ye ar^,
and bless you, as lie hath promised^
you I) ^^ How can I myself alone
bear'' your cumbrance, and your bur-
den, and yom* strife? ^-^Take* you
wise men, and understanding, and
known among your tribes, and I will
make them rulers^ over you. -^^And
ye answered me, and said, Tlie thing
which thou hast spoken is good for
us to do. ^^ So I took the chief of
your tribes, wise' men, and known,
and made*^ them heads over you, cap-

tains over thousands, and captains
over hundreds, and captains over fif-
ties, and captains over tens, and offi-
cers among your tribes. ^^ And I
charged your judges at that time,
saying. Hear tlie causes between your
brethren, and judge* righteously be-
tween every man and his brother,^
and the stranger tltat is with him.
^^ Ye shall not respect" persons in
judgment ;"* but ye shall hear the
small as well as the great ; ye shall
not be afraid of the face of man ; for
the judgment 2s God's:" and the cause
that is too hard for you, brings it unto
me, and I will hear it.

^^And I commanded you at that
time all the things which ye should
do. ^^And when we departed fi'om
Iloreb, we went through all that
great and terrible wilderness,^ which
ye saw by the way of the mountain
of the Amorites, as the Lord our
God commanded us ; and we came to
Kadesh-barnea. 2*^ And I said unto
you. Ye are come unto the mountain"
of the Amorites, which the Lord
our God doth give unto us. ^^ Behold,
the Lord thy God hath set the land
before thee : go up and possess it., as
the Lord God of thy fathers hath
said unto thee ; fear not, neither be
discouraged.

^^ And ye came near unto me every
one of you, and said. We will'^ send
men before us, and they shall search
us out the land, and bring vis word
again by what way we must go up,
and into what cities we shall come.
^^ And the saying pleased' me well :
and I took twelve men of you, one
of a tribe: '^*and they turned and
went up into the mountain,P and
came unto the valley of Eshcol, and
searched it out. ^^ And they took of
the fruif of the land in their hands,
and brought it down unto us, and
brought us word again, and said, It
is a good" land which the Lord our
God doth give us.

^^Notwithstanding ye would' not
go up, but rebelled against the com-

k Ch. 16, IS.

I Le. 24, 22.

V Heb., acknow-
ledge faces.

m Le. 19, 15. Ch.

16, 19. 1 Sa. 16,
7. Pr. 24, 23.
Ja. 2, 1.

n ...For ye judge
not for man, but
for the Lord,
who is with you
in tliejiulgraent.
2 Chr. 19, 6.

p Ex. 18, 22, 26.

f (Piirati(Feiran),
the whole of the
desert region
from Sinai to
Kadesh. Nu. 10,
12. Ch. 8, 15.
Je. 2, 6.)

o (The stronghold
of the Amorites,
the proivess of
whom they had
heard of in E-

gypt-)

n (In Nu. 13, 1, 2,

Moses relates the
authority which
he had for send-
ing the spies ; but
in Deuteronomy,
as he is directing
his address to
the people, he
^remiruls them of
their share in
measure. They
irere responsible
for it ; they sug-
gested it them-
selves, God sanc-
tioned the pro-
posal they made.
Thus it is true
hoththnt the Lord
directed Moses to
send the spies,
and that the peo-
ple earnestly
urged the pro-
posal. Dr. Da-
vidson.)

q Nu. 13, 3.

p (The mountains
of Jiuhih, in the
.south of Canaan.
Nu. 13, 22-24.)

r Nu. 13, 23.

s Nu. 13, 27.

t All tlie congi-e-
gation lifted up
their voice, and
cried : and the

people wept

Nu. 14, 1.

220

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. {■

DEUTERONOMY.

< DE. 1, 3.
\ 2,4.

u WhiTcforo

hath th<> I.oiiK
liiiiii.;lit lis until
thi-^ liiiiil. t.i full
bvtli.' swni-d?...
Nil, 1 J, 3.

<r Ili'b., meltetl.
.I..S. 2, n.

V Nil. 13, 28. Ch.
3. 1, 2.

T f.l rniitmnn hy-
p^rffoff, intimnf-
ing that the mills
wrrr very hiyh,
Jifinff Ititufiteit on
lofty elevitioiis,
thry woul't indeej
teem ft iijh tn
those trho had
eome out nf the
levfl region of
Goshen.)

\w When Israel
wnsarhild.tlien
I loved him, and
called My sun
ont of EgVpt.
Hos. 11, a'. Kx.
19,4. Ch.32, 11,
12. Is. 46, 3, 4,
and 63, 9.

.About the
time of forty
yean snfTcreil
He their ninn-

ners (Bore or

fed them ns a
nurse bearrth nr
feedeth h>-r chihl.
Septiiagint, and
BO Chrvsostom.)
mar. Ac. 13, 18.

'Ex. 13, 21. Nu.

10, 83. Ps. 78,
14.

laeb., fulfilled to
tSO after. Nil. 14,
24. Jos. 14, 9.

(Ifot in the se-
cond year, when
the spies were
tent. Nil. xiii.,
6li( in the fortieth
year. Nil. 20, 1,
2, 12, and 27, 14.
Ch. a, 2fi ; and 4,
21; and 34, 4.
Ps. 106, 32.)

Nu. 14, SO.

(Waits upon
hee. Ex. 24, 13,
id33, U. .-^ee
I Sa. 16, 22.)

Nu.27, 20. Ch.

11, 7, 23.

(All under twen-
t years of age.)
4u. 14, 31.

llNu. 14, 3.

221

inandmcnt of the Lord your (Jod:
-^anJ ye nuinmirod" in your tents,
ami said, Heeause the Loud hated us,
lie hath br()Uf:;ht us forth out of the
land of ICf^ypt, to deliver us into the
hand of the Aniorites, to destroy us.
-*' Whither shall we go up? our
brethren have discouraged'^ our heart,
saying, The i)eoi)le is greater and
taller'" tlianwe; the cities arc great
and walled up to heaven •/ and more-
over we have seen the sons of the
Anakims there.

2*'' Then I said unto you, Dread not,
neither be afraid of them, ^^The
Lord your (iod which goeth before
you, He shall fight for you, accord-
ing to all that lie did for you in
Egypt before your eyes ; ^* and in
the wilderness, where thou hast seen
how that the Loud thy God bare'"
thee, as a man doth beai*' his son, in
all tlic Avay that ye went, until ye
came into this place. ^'-Yet in this
thing ye did not believe the Lord
your God, ^who weiity in tlie way
before you, to search you out a place
to pitch your tents in, in fire by
night, to shew you by what way ye
should go, and in a cloud by day.

^And the Lord heard the voice
of your words, and was ^vroth, and
sware, saying, ^ Surely there shall
not one of these men of this evil
generation see tliat good land, which
I sware to give unto your fathers,
^save Caleb the son of Jephunneh ;
he shall see it, and to him will I give
the land that he hath trodden upon,
and to his children, because he hath
wholly" followed the Lord.

•^^Also the Lord was angry"^ with
me for your sakes, saying, Thou also
shall not go in thither. ■^'^J>iit .Joshua'
the son of Nun, which standeth'' before
thee, lie sliall go in thither : encou-
rages" him : for he shall cause Israel
to inherit it.

*' Moreover your little''' ones, which
ye said should be a ])rey,* and your
children, which in that day had no
knowledge between good and evil.

they shall go in thither, and unto
them will I give it, and they shall
possess it. "^'Miut as for you, turn
you, and take your journey into the
wilderness by the way of the Red
sea.

^^Then ye answered and said unto
me. We have sinned against the
Lord, we will go up and fight, ac-
cording to all that the Lord our (iod
commanded us. And when ye had
girded on every man his weapons of
war, ye were ready" to go up into
the hill.

■^'^ And the Lord said unto me, Say
unto them, Go not up, neither fight;
for I am not among you ; lest ye be
smitten before your enemies.

^•^ So 1 spake unto you ; and ye
would not hear, but rebelh-d against
the commandment of the Lord, and
went"^ presumptuously up into the
hill. ^And the Amorites,^ which
dwelt in that mountain, came out
against you, and chased you, as
bees^ do, and destroyed you in Seir,
even unto Ilormah. *^And ye re-
turned and wept before the Lord ;
but the Lord would not hearken to
your voice, nor give ear unto you.'y
'*'^So ye abode in Kadesh many* days,
according unto the days that ye abode
there.

TT "I A.M. 3S73. B.C. 1568. fl^S

-'■■'-•J Kadesii-babnka. [^J.«J/4/

Neither the Eiomites, the Moahites, nor
the. Ammonites to be attacked.

11 II EN we turned, and took our
. journey into the wilderness by
the way of the Hed sea, as'' the
Lord spake unto me : and we com-
passed mount Seir* many^ days.

2 And the Loud spake unto me,
saving, ^"Ye have compassed this
mountain long enough : turn you
northward. 'And command thou the
people, saying, Ye ore'' to pass
through the coast of your brethren
the children of Esau, which dwell in
Seir ; and they shall be afraid of
you : take ye good heed unto yoiu*-

u (Te rashly
went up. Mau-
rer. J'e made
light of the mat-
ter, and went up,
Oeseniiis, Lcc,
Rosciimiiller.)

a 1 1 el)., ye were
presumptuous, <t
went up.

c The Ca-

naanites which
dwelt in that
hill. ...Nu. 14,45.

/3 (Disturbed in
their hive.)

y (" The remit,"
says Dr. Chal-
mers, "strikingly
tnnrks the differ-
ence that there is
h-tveen a man
being exposed to
the dangers of a
situation, into
which he has been
brought by the
will of Goil, and
his being exposed
to the very same
dangers, tjecause
he has presump-
tuously put him-
self into the very
same situation,
against or with-
out OotCs will.")

S (Either forty
days, or alxiut a
year.)

d Nu. 14, 25. Ch
1, 40.

e (That Is, the
country of the
Kdomites.) Ve.
6. fie. 36, 8.
Jos. 24, 4.

i (Under this ex-
pression is in-
rhided the whole
thirty-seven
years' wander-
ing.)

I) (fn the first
month of the for-
tieth year. Nu.
20, 1.)

DE.2,5. I
3, 13. f

DEUTERONOMY.

f A.M. 3873.
t B.C. 1568.

9 Heb., even to
the treading of
the sole of the
font.

e Nu. 20, 21.

I (At the head of
the gulf theWady
el-Arahah ej:-
pands into a
plain nine or ten
viiles in length,
from east to west.
It affords good
pasturage. Pic.
Bib.)

le (The modern
A Hah.) 1 Ki. 9,
2(). 2Ki. 8, 20;
and 14, 22 ; and
16, 6.

A Or, use no hos-
tility against
iloah.

ft. (The Emims,
"the terrible peo-
ple," are consi-
dered bt/ Miss F,
Corbaux as no
other than the
daring d: dreaded
Shiltti of the
Egyptian inscrip-
tions, Ge. 14, 6.)

V Nu. 13, 22, 23.
Ch. 9, 2. (The
word sign ifies
" necklace," but
this race were
doubtless men of
great stature.)

f (Originally, as
their name im-
ports, " dwellers
in caverns." Je-
rome in his time
speaks of the
whole region of
Idumea, from
Eleutheropolis
even to Petra ami
Aila, as abound-
ing in caves used
as dwellings by
the inhabitants rn
account of the
excessive heat.)

o Heb., inherited
them. Ve. 22,
Ge. 14, 6, and
3<>, 20.

V Or, room.

<t> (From ve. 10—

12, anil from ve.
20—23 inclusive,
we have certain
historical re-
marks introduced
which interrupt
the thread of the
narralive,but add
to the unity of
the books as the
production of
Moses.)

X Or, valley. Nu.

13, 23.

i// (Tlie southern
border of Moab
appears to have
been the brook
Zcred.)

selves therefore : ^meddle not with
them ; for I will not give you of
their land, no, not so much as a foot
hreadth;^ because I have given mount
Seir unto Esau for a possession.
•"Ye shall buy meat of them for
money, that ye may eat; and ye
shall also buy water of them for
money, that ye may drink. ^ For the
Lord thy God hath blessed thee in
all the Avorks of thy hand : He know-
eth thy walking through this great
wilderness : these forty years the
Lord thy God hath been with thee;
thou hast lacked nothing.

^ And when we passed"^ by from our
brethren the children of Esau, which
dwelt in Seir, through the way of
the plain' from Elath," and from
Ezion-gaber, we turned and passed
by the way of the wilderness of
Moab.

^And the Lord said unto me,
Distress^ not the Moabites, neither
contend with them in battle : for I
will not give thee of their land for
a possession ; because I have given
Ar unto the children of Lot for a
possession.

^''Thc Emims'^ dwelt therein in
times past, a people great, and many,
and tall, as the Anakims ;" ^' which
also were accounted giants, as the
Anakims ; but the Moabites call them
Emims. ^"-^The llorims^ also dwelt
in tSeir beforetime ; but the children
of Esau succeeded" them, when they
had destroyed them from before them,
and dwelt in their stead ;" as Israel
did unto the land of his possession,
which the Lord gave unto them.*^

^^Now rise up, said /, and get
you over the brookx Zered.''' And
we went over the brook Zered. " And
the; space in which we came from
Kadesh-barnea, until we were come
over the brook Zcred, was thirty and
C'ght years ; until all the generation
of the men of war were wasted out
from among the host, as the Lord
sware unto them. ^^For indeed the

hand of the Lord was against them,
to destroy them from among the host,
until they were consumed.

^^ So it came to pass, when all the
men of war were consumed and dead
from among the people, ^"^that the
Lord spake unto me, saying, ^'^Thou
art to pass over through Ar, the
coast of Moab, this day : ^^and ivlien
thou comest nigh over against the
children of Amnion, distress them
not, nor meddle with them : for I
will not give thee of the land of the
children of Ainmon anij possession ;
because I have given it imto the chil-
dren of Lot /or a possession. ^*^(That
also was accounted a land of giants ;
giants" dwelt therein in old time ; and
the Ammonites call them Zamzum-
mims ;" ^^ a people great, and many,
and tall, as the Anakims ; but the
Lord destroyed them before them ;
and they succeeded them, and dwelt
in their stead: '■^'•^as He did to the chil-
dren of Esau, which dwelt in Seir,
when He destroyed the Horims-^from
before them ; and they succeeded
them, and dwelt in their stead even
unto this day : ^•'^and the Avims^
which dwelt in ILizerim, even unto
Azzah,'y the Caphtorims, which came
forth out of Caphtor, destroyed them,
and dwelt in their stead.)

^*llise ye up, take your journey,
and pass over the river Arnon : be-
hold, I have given into thine liand
Sihon the Amorite, king of lieshbon,
and his land : begin* to possess it,
and contend with him in battle.
"•^^This day will I begin to put the
dread'' of thee and the fear of thee
upon the nations that are under the
whole heaven, who shall hear report
of thee, and shall tremble, and be in
anguish because of thee.

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568.

Kadesii-barnea.

Occupation of the laiui of the Amoriles.

[153

'^''AND I sent messengers out of
the wilderness of Kedemoth,* unto
Sihon kinj? of Heshbon, with words of

01 (The llejyhaini,
people so called,
inhabited it; but
there seems to
have been several
races of gigantic
men. Ch. 2, 11,
and 3, 11, 1,3.
Nu. 13, 33. See
furthfr, Ge. 6, 4.
lSa.17,4. 2Sa.
21, 16, 22.)

a (The crnfty peo-
ple.) Called, Ge.
14, 5, Zuzims.

/....The sons of
Seir the Horite.
(!e. 36, 20—30,
and 11, 6.

/3 (Apparently the
aborigines of the
country of the
PhilisiinKS. The
C'lphtorim were
the ancestors of
the Philistines.
J. IS. 13. 3. Ge.
10, 14. Am. 9,
7.)

y (Ga::a, still call"
eil Ohuzzeh. J 6.
25, 20.)

S lleb., begin, pos-
sess.

g ...All the inha-
bitants of till'
huid faint be-
cause of you.
For we have
lioard how the
Lord dried up
tlie water of the
Red sea for you
...and what ye
did unto the two
kings of the A-
morites... .Sihon

and Og and

as soon as wc
liad heard. ..our
hearts did melt.
•Jos. 2, 9-11.
Ex. 15, 14, 16.
Ch. 11, 25.

€ (A district near
the city of Kede-
moth. Jos. 13,
18, and 21, 37.
1 Cbr. 6, 79.)

222

A.M. 3873. \
B.C. 1568. i

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. 2, 5.
t 3, 13.

/( I'nto my

plinc Ju. \i

lU.

i ...We will not
tuni into tlu'
firUls.orintoflir
viiu'viirils; wo
will imt drink «(
tlio watiTsof the
Will. Nu. 21,2-2.

( (It was Ihf A'-
dmnitts of Ka-
ilt-.i/i whn wre
unfriendly.
Thosf of S'ir,
Ihr king nf ir/ioni
u-'i.s Iladar...nii(l
till- name of his
city ... I'au, and
his wife's name
MeheUbel, Ce.

3(j. ;«• treated

Ihem differently.)

t ...They.. .came
by the east side
T)f the laud of
.Moab...Ju. 11,
18.

I ...Sihon trusted
not Israel to
pass through
his coast.. ..In
11, 20. E.V. 4,
21. Jos. II. 20.

iiiCh.7,2, and20,
16. Nu. 21, 24.
Ch. 29, 7.

ij Heb., every city
of men and wo-
men and Utile
on^.1. Le. 27, 28.
Ch. 7, 2, 26.

(Burckhnrdt
found the ruins
of th is city^ now
callnl Array r,
on the edge of a
9reeipice ovr-
ooki'tg the river.
Ch. 3, 12; 4,48.
Jos. 13, 9.)

(De Wette refers
these words to A-
roer. Rosenmiil-
ler writes, "And
the city, i.e., o-
tker cities sitttat-
ed on this same
Ki.l
thinks .b- of ilo-
ah is m^nnt. See
Jos. 13, 9, 16.
There is great
•ohahility in
is last opinion.)
» Nu. 21, 15.

Israel took not
iway the land...
»f the children
)f Ammon...Ju.
.1, 16.

(Situate east-
vard of the Jor-
to the north
Oilead.)

.21,33. Ch.
9,7.

peaco, saying, ^Let me pass through
tliy land :'' 1 will go along by the
high way, I will neither turn' nnto
the right hand nor to the left. -'^Tliou
shalt sell me meat for money, that I
may eat ; and give me water for
money, that I may drink : only I
will pass through on my feet; ''^''(as
the ehildren of Ksau which dwell in
8eir,^ and the Moabites* which dwell
in Ar, did nnto me;) imtil I shall
pass over Jordan into the land which
the Lord our (iod giveth ns.

^'But Sihon king of Ileshbon would
not let us pass by him :' for the Lokd
thy God hardened his spirit, and
made his heart obstinate, that He
might deliver him into thy hand, as
appearc'th this day.

''^And the Loud said unto me, Be-
hold, I have begun to give Sihon and
his land before thee : begin to possess,
that thou mayest inherit his land.

•^-Then Sihon came out against us,
he and all his people, to fight at Ja-
haz. "^'And the Loun our God de-
livered him before us ; and we smote™
hini, and his sons, and all his people.
^'And we took all his cities at that
time, and utterly destroyed the men,''
and the women, and the little ones,
of every city, we left none to remain :
^only the cattle we took for a prey
unto ourselves, and the spoil of the
cities which we took.

^^Froin Aroer,* which is by the
brink of the river of Anion, and//7);«
the city' that h by the river, even
unto Gilcad, there was not one city
too strong for us : the Lord our God
delivered all unto us : ^'only unto
the land of the children of Amnion
thou earnest" not, nor unto any place
of the river Jabbok, nor unto the
cities in the mountains, nor unto
whatsoever the Lord our God forbad
yyj -1 us, ^Theii we turned and
lii.J ^yp,^t up the way to Bashan :*
and Og^ the king of Bashan came out
against us, he and all his people, to
battle at Edrei.""

2 And the Lord said unto me,

Fear him not : for I will deliver liim,
and all his people, and his land, into
tliy hand ; and thou shalt do nnto
him as thou didst unto Sihon king of
the Amorites, which dwelt at Ilesh-
bon.

^So the Lord our (iod delivered
into our hands ()g also, the king of
Bashan, and all his ])eople : and we
smote him until none was left to him
remaining. "'And we took all his
cities at that time, there Avas not a
city which we took not from them,
threescore cities,^ all the region of
Argob, the kingdom of Og in Bashan.
''All these cities were fenced with
high walls, gates, and bars ; beside
unwalled towns a great many. ''And
we utterly destroyed them, as we did
unto Sihon king of Ileshbon, utterly
destroying the men, women, and chil-
dren, of every city, '^liut all the
cattle, and the spoil of the cities, we
took for a prey to ourselves.

^And we took at that time out of
the hand of the two kings of the
Amorites the land that ivas on this
side .Jordan, from the river of Anion
unto mount Ilermon ; ^ (which Her-
mon the Sidonians call Sirion ;'^ and
the Amorites call it Shenir;) *^all
the cities of the plain, and all (Jilcad,
and all Bashan, unto Salchah and
Edrei, cities of the kingdom of Og
in Bashan. ^'For only Og king of
Jiashan remained of the remnant of
giants ;" behold, his bedstead^ was a
bedstead of iron ; is it not in Kabbath
of the children of AmmonV° nine"
cubits icas the length thereof, and
foui-P cubits the breadth of it, after
the cubit of a man.

A.M. .387.3. B.C. 1568. KAnKsn-nARx
Appointment of the land. Moses' prayer,
ve. 23.

yer, L^^"*

1-AND this land, ivhirh we pos-
sessed at that time, from Aroer,
which is by the river Arnon, and
half mount (»ilead, and the cities
thereof, gave I unto the Keubenites
and to the Gaditcs. '^And the rest

<r (A district in
Jtfishftn, east of
the lAike of Gen-
nesareth.) 1 Ki.
4, 13.

A (DtiSfilt ntiOHnds
in this district.
The immnise
number of trailed
eities in ancient
Tinshnn is a mat-
ter of surprise to
travellers even at
the present day.)

fi (Mount Ilermon
teas a/so called
Sion, De. 4, 48.
Jly the Sidonians
it was called Si-
rion, most proba-
bly from its re-
stmbl'inei' to a
brettst-plale ; ac-
rxrdiny to Abul-
frdii, part of
Anti-I.ilmntis,
north nf Damas-
cus, is now called
Sen ir. Subse-

quently the two
are distinguished
from each other,
1 Chr. 5, 23. Ca.
4, 8. It is the
highest mountain
in Palestine.)

V (The last of the
race of the Re-
phaim.)

f (We must bear
in mind that Mo-
ses wrote espeei-
"llyfor posterity.
J/' nee the desira-
bleness of trans-
mitting the ac-
count of trhat
teas veil knntett
to his contempo-
raries. His de-
sign in th is state-
ment teat to give
a striking rrpre-
seiiUition of thr
poirer <£■ strength
of the conqtured
enemy, and of the
greatness of
(JckTs grace in
securing the vic-
tory.)

o (Got by the Am-
Duoiites as a tro-
phy, or entrustetl
to them by Og, or
sold to them by
the Israelites.)

n (Fifteen feet
tiine inches. His
height, therefore,
tcnuld be about
ten feel six
inches.)

p (Seven feet.)

223

DE. 3, 14. }
4, 27. i

DEUTERONOMY.

( A.M. 3873.
t B.C. 1568.

p (Though this
fact happnfd
only in the latter
part of ilfiS'S
time, yet as Ilii-
vernick remarks,
" evidently Moses
might as well say
that the name
Jair's villages,
which originated
at the time there
spoken of, had
been preserved to
the time when he
recorded the
statement, as a
later writer
might so express
himself")

p Nu. 32, 41.
Chr. 2, 22.

q Nu. 32, 29.

r 2 Sa. 24, 5.

T Or, under the
springs of Pis-
gnh; or, the hill.
{The ravines or
declivities of Pis-
gah.)

T lleb., sons of
power. Nu. 32,
20.

I ....Joshua called
(tliem)...& said,
...Ye liavo kept
all that Muses...

commanded

ye have not left
your brethren...
...therefore now
return ye.... Jos.
22, 1—4.

t I know that the
Lord is preat,
and that our
Lord is above

all gods Who

smote gi'eat na-
tions, and slew
mighty kings,

Sitiun and

Og. Ps. 135, 5,
10.

of Gilead, and all Bashan, being the
kinj^doin of Og, gave 1 unto the
half tribe of Manasseh ; all the
region of Argob, with all Bashan,
whicli was called the land of giants.
^■^Jair^ the son of Manasseh took all
the country of Argob unto the coasts
ofGeshuriand Maachathi; and called
tliem after his own name, Bashan-
havotli-jair,P unto this day. ^^And
I gave Gilead? unto Machir. ^^And
unto the Reubenites, and unto the
Gadites,'" I gave from Gilead, even
unto the river Arnon, half the valley,
and the border, even unto the river
Jabbok, ivhich is the border of the
children of Ammon; ^''the plain also,
and .Jordan, and the coast thereof,
from Chinnereth even unto the sea of
tlie plain, even the salt sea, under
Ashdoth-pisgah'^ eastward.

^^And I commanded you at that
time, saying. The Lord your God
hath given you this land to possess
it : ye shall pass over armed before
your brethren the children of Israel,
all that arc meef^ for the war. ^^ But
your wives, and your little ones, and
your cattle, (for I know that ye have
much cattle,) shall abide in your
cities which I have given you; ^o until
the Lord have given rest unto your
brethren, as well as unto you, and
until they also possess the land which
the Loud your God hath given them
beyond Jordan : and then shall ye
return' every man unto his posses-
sion, which I have given you.

^'And I commanded Joshua at
that time, saying. Thine eyes have
seen all that the Lord your God
hath done unto these two kings : so
shall the Loud do unto all the king-
doms whither thou passest, '^^ Ye
shall not fear them : for the Lord
your God He shall fight for you.

23 And I besought the Lord at
that time, saying, ^4 0 Lord God,
Thou liast begun' to shew Thy ser-
vant Thy greatness, and Thy mighty
hand : for what God is there in hea-

ven or in earth, that can do accord-
ing to Thy works, and according to
Thy might? ''^^I pray Thee, let me
go over, and see the good" land that
is beyond Jordan, that goodly moun-
tain,^ and Lebanon,

^•"But the Lord was wroth with
me for your sakes, and would not
hear me : and the Lord said unto
me. Let it suffice thee ; speak no
more unto Me of this matter. 2'' Get"
thee up into the top of Pisgah,x and
lift up thine eyes westward, and
northward, and southwai'd, and east-
ward, and behold it with thine eyes :
for thou shalt not go over this Jor-
dan. 2^ But charge Joshua, and en-
courage him, and strengthen"' him :
for he shall go over before this people,
and he^ shall cause them to inherit
the land which thou shalt see.

2^ So we abode in the valley
against Beth-peor.

over

IV] r

^ ' • J An I

. 3673. B.C. 1568. Kadesii.

exhortation to obedience. The

cities of refuge, ve. 41.

[155

NOW therefore hearken, 0 Israel,
unto the statutes''' and unto the
judgments," which I teach you, for
to do tliem, that ye may live,^ and
go in and possess the land which the
Lord God of your fathers giveth \ ou.

2 Ye shall not add^ unto the word
which I command you, neither shall
ye diminish ought from it, that ye
may keep the commandments of the
Lord your God which I command
you. ^Your eyes have seen what the
Lord did because of Baal-peor :" for
all the men that followed Baal-peor,
the Lord thy God hath destroyed
them from among you. * But ye
that did cleave unto the Lord your
God are alive every one of you this
day.

^Behold, I have taught you sta-
tutes and judgments, even as the
Lord my God commanded me, that
ye should do so in the land whither
ye go to possess it. ^Keep therefore

It Ex. 3, 8. Ch.
4, 22.

(^ ( Hoscnmiiller
lak s this collec-
tively, " that most
frtile mountain
region,^' and re-
gards it as refer-
ring to Galilee.
Without the un-
heliif of the pe/>-
pie, there would
have been no
n:nkness of faith
in Moses.) They
angered him....
at the waters of
strife, so that it
wont ill with
Moses for tlieir
sakes : because
they provoked
his spirit, so that
he spake unad-
visedly with his
lips. I's. 106, 32,
;«. Nu. 20, ]_
13, and 27, 14.

V Nu. 17, 12.

X Or, the hill.

w ...Moses called
unto .Josliua,
and said. ..Thou
must go with!
this people unto
the land which
tlie Lord has
sworn unto their
fatliers...Ch. 31,
7.

X The Lord,

He it is tliat
dotli go before
tine; He will be
witli thee, He
wil! not fail thee,
neither forsake
thee : fear not,
neither be dis-
mayed. Cli. 31,
8.

\p (Thr laws which
concern the wor-
ship and service
of God.)

<o (The laws con-
cerning their du-
ties to men.)

yEze. 20, 11. Le.
19, 37; 20, 8; and
22, 31. Ch. .'■), 1,
and 8, 1. Ro.
10, 5.

z Add thou not
until His words,
lest He reprove
thec.Pr. 30, 6.

a They pro-
voked Him to
anger with tlieir
inventions : and
the jilagne brake
in upon tliem.
Ps. 106, 29. Nh.
25, 4. Jos. 22,
17.

224

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. j

l)i:rTKROi\0^[Y.

f DE. 3, 14.
1 4, 27.

b ... Boliold, the
fear <if the Loin.,
that is wisilim;
anil to ili'part
fnnii evil \» uii-
derstnudiii}^.
Job -JW, -JS. I's.
l<t,7,nnJlll,10.
Pr. 1, 7.

e 2 Sa. 7, 23.

d Vs. 46, 1: ii:>.
18; an.l H>^, U
Is. 65, 0.

« ...Israi'l...cri('il,
and thfir cry
canu> lip iint'i
God. ...and (mxI
hoard thi'ir

groaninjj K.\.

2, a.!, 24.

/ Ki^jhtoousncss
exalti'th a na-
tion... I'r. 14, 31.

Koop thy heart
with all dili-
gi'Hrc (rj}>orf till
k"])')!!'!, mar.)
Pr. 4, a.

.Dorlaro thorn
tothcirchililri'ii,
that they ini^lit
set their hope in
tiod.anil not for-
Ret the works of
God...Ps.7S,6,7.

Ex. 19, 9, IG,
and 20, 18. He.
12, 18, 19.

I Ch. 5, 23.

I Heb., heart.

.Ye have seen
that I have talk-
ed with yon from
heaven. ..Ex. 20,
1 Ki. 19, 12.

I Heb., save a
vmre.

(Viz., ChriH,

for Jesus sn if/), . .

|Ye have neither

lieai-d His (tin-

iKather'sl voire

tt any time, nor

en His shape.

Jno. a, ST.

I Ex. 34, 28.

lEx. 21, 12, and

fh 18.

..These are
jndjnnents
^hich thon slialt
et before them.
. 21, 1.

^s. 40, 18.

3x. 32, 7.

1,23

225

and do ///em ; for this ts your wisdom*
and your understanding^ in the sight
of the nation.s, which shall hear all
these statutes, and say, JSurcly this
great nation is a wise and under-
standing people. " For what nation"^
is t/icre so great, who hath Ciod so
niglr' unto them, as the Loud our
(iud w in all things that we call" upon
h'nnfor? ^Aiid what nation is there
so great, that hath statutes and judg-
ments so righteous/ as all this law,
which I set before you this day ?
''Only take heed to thyself, and keep''
thy soul diligently, lest thou forget
the things which thine eyes have
seen, and lest they depart from thy
heart all the days of thy life: but
teach' them thy sons, and thy sons'
sons ; ^^speciaUij the day that thou
stoodest before the Loud thy God
in Iloreb,*^ when the Lokd said unto
me. Gather Me the people together,
and I will make them hear My words,
that they may learn to fear Me all
the days that they shall live u])on the
earth, and tJiat they may twich their
children.

^'And ye came near and stood
under the mountain ; and the moun-
tain burned' with fire unto the midst**
of heaven, with darknes.s, clouds,
and thick darkness, ^■^And the Lokd
spake unto you out of the midst of
the fire : ye heard the voice"* of the
words, but saw no similitude ; only^
ije heard a voice. ^"^And lleV de-
clared unto you His covenant, which
He commanded you to perform, even
ten commandments ;" and lie wrote
them upon two tables" of stone.

*'*And the Loud coinmanded'' me
at tliat time to teach you statutes and
judgments, that ye might do them
in the land whither ye go over to
possess it.

'^Take ye therefore good heed unto
yourselves ; for ye saw no manner of
similitude/ on the day that the Lokd
spake unto you in lloreb out of the
midst of the fire: '''lest ye corrupf
i/oursclves., and make' you a graven

image, the similitude of any figure,
the likeness of male or female, '"^the
likeness of any beast that is on the
earth, the likeness of any winged
fowl that flieth in the air, ''^the like-
ness of any thing that ereepeth on
the ground, the likeness of any fish
that is in the waters beneath the
earth :>" '''and lest thou lift up thine
eyes unto heaven, and when tliou
.secst the sun,' and the moon, and
the stars, even all the host of heaven,
.shouldest be driven to worship" them,
and serve them, which the [..okd thy
God hath divided* unto all nations
under the whole heaven. -"Uut the
Lokd hath taken you, and lirought
you forth out of the iron' furnace,
even out of Egypt, to be unto him a
people of inheritance" as ye are this
day.

21 Furthermore the Lokd was angry
with me^ for your sakes, and sware
that I should not go over .Jordan,
and that I should not go in unto that
good land, which the Lokd thy God
giveth thee /or an inheritance: '^'-but
I must die in this land, I must not
go over Jordan : but ye shall go over,
and possess that good land. '■^Take
heed unto yourselves, lest ye forget
the covenant of tlic Lokd your God,
which He made with you, and make
you a graven image, or the likeness
of any thing, which the Lokd thy
fJod hath forbidden thee. '^^For the
Lokd thy God is a consuming'" fire,
even a jealous^ (iod.

^^When thou shalt beget children,
and children's children, and ye shall
have remained long in the land, and
shall corrupt yourselves^ and make a
graven image, or the likeness of anv
thing, and shall do evil^ in the sight
of the Lokd thy (iod, to provoke
Ilim to anger: '^''1 call- heaven and
earth to witness against you this day,
that ye shall soon utterly perish from
otV the land whereunto yc go over
.Jordan to possess it ; ye shall not
])roloiig your days upon it, but shall
utterlv be destroved. '■'^And the

y (There, it a r«-
miirknble pnrel-
trtism beliceen
this passage aitd
that in Ko. i.)

I ...When it sinn-
ed, or the TiKMin
walkinj? in
brijihtne.ss. Job
31, 20.

u They left all
the rominand-
nieiits of the
I>oKi) their (iod,
and made them
molten iiimnes,
even two calves,
and a grove, and
worshipped all
the host <if hea-
ven 2 Ki. 17,

16, and 21, 3. Ko.
1, 25.

S Heb., imparted.
(Fur use /or all,
not for vorship
to any.)

e (The "VQ teas
doubtless a fur-
nace for smrUiiijj
niel'ils. Thr suf-
ferings of the
ch iUlren of I.iruel
arc thus meUv-
phorically tie.
scribed. 1 Ki. &,
51. Je. 11, 4.;

V Ex. 19, 5. Ch.
9, 29, and 32, 9.

^(Andiftcith me,
can i/ini think to
escape t)

w ...Who amonp
ns Nlinll dwell
with tlie devour-
ing fire? Who
anions ns shall
dwell with i-ver-
lastint; hum-
iiiKs? Fs. 3;J, 14,
He. 12, 29.

X I am the I.oiii>:
that is.My nanie:
and My K'orjr
will I not Rive to
another, neither
My praise to
praven iinaKea.
Is. 42, 8.

.V 2 Ki. 17, 17.

; Ch. 30, IS, 10.
Is. 1, 2. Mi. 6,
2.

2 a

DE. 4, 28. 1

5, 24. r

DEUTERONOMY.

( A.M. 3373.
"I B.C. 1568.

a ...Other gods
day and niglit,
whore I will not
shew vou favour.
Je. 16, 13.
...Ont; shall cry
unto him, yet
ran he not an-
swer, nor save
liim out of his
trouble. Is. 46,
7.

b Then shall ye
call upon Me,
and ye shall go
and praj- unto
Me, and I will
hearken unto
you. Je. 29, 12.

»l Heb., havf. found
thee. Ex. 18, 8.
fh. 31, 17.

c Ge. 49, 1. Ch.
.31, 29. Je. 23,
20. Ho. 3, 5.

d Tlic Loud your
God is grav'ious
and meix'iful,
and will not
turn away His
face from you,
if ye return nnt^i
Him... 2 Chr.30,
9. Ne. 9, 31.
Ps. 11G,5. Jonah
4,2.

0( Dr. Clarke says,
" It seems to have
been a ijeneral be-
lie/, that if God
appear eA to men,
it was for the
purpose of des-
troying them.")

I (That is, trials:
for the miracles
which God
wroitr/ht in E-
gypt were trials
both to the Eyyp-
tians and to the
Israelites.)

e Look unto Me,
and be ye saved,
all the ends of
the earth ; for I
am God & there
is nunc else. Is.
5, 22. Ch. 32.
29. 1 ?a. 2, 2.
Ma. 12, 29, 32.

/The glory of the
Louo abode up-
on Mcunt Sinai,
and the cloud
covered it sis

days E.X. 24,

16. He. 12, 18.

g Ch. 10, 15.

Lord shall scatter you among the
nations, and ye shall be left few in
nnmber among the heathen, whither
the Lord shall lead you. -^And
there ye shall serve gods,'' the work
of men's hands, wood and stone,
which neither see, nor hear, nor eat,
nor smell.

'^^But if from thence thon slialt
seek the Lord thy God, thou shalt
find* Him, if thou seek Him with all
thy heart and with all thy soul.
^"When thou art in tribulation, and
all these things are come'' upon thee,
even in the latter'' days, if thou turn
to the Lord thy God, and shalt be
obedient unto His voice ; ^^ (for the
Lord thy God /s a merciful'^ God;)
He will not forsake thee, neither
destroy thee, nor forget the covenant
of thy fathers which He sware unto
them.

'^'•^For ask now of the da3's that
are past, which were before thee,
since the day that God created man
upon the earth, and ask fi'om the one
side of heaven unto the other, whether
there hath been any such thing as this
great thing is, or hath been heard
like it ? ^' Did ever people hear the
voice of God speaking out of the
midst of the fire, as thou hast heard,
and live?* ''•^Or hath God assayed
to go and take Him a nation from the
midst of another nation, by tempta-
tions,' by signs, and by wonders,
and by war, and by a mighty hand,
and by a stretched out arm, and by
great terrors, according to all that
the Lord your God did for you in
Egypt before your eyes? ''^ Unto
thee it was shewed, that thou might-
est know that the Lord He is God;
tlicre is none else beside Him.*

'^''Out of heaven He made thee
to hear His voice, that He might
instruct thee: and upon earth He
shewed thee His great fire; and thou
heardest His woids out of the midst
of the firc.-'^ ^"^And because He loved
thy fathers,*' therefore He chose their
seed after them, and brought thee

out in His sight with His mighty
power out of Egypt; -^^to drive out
nations from before thee greater and
mightier than thou art, to bring thee
in, to give thee their land fvr an
inheritance, as it is this day.

•^'■'Know therefore this day, and
consider it in thine heart, that the
Loud Hc^ is God in heaven above,
and upon the earth beneath : there is
none else. *"Thou shalt keep'' there-
fore His statutes, and His command-
ments, which I command thee this
day, that it may go well' with thee,
and with thy children after thee, and
that thou mayest prolong thy days
upon the earth, v/hich the Lord thy
God giveth thee, for ever."

^^Then Moses severed three" cities
on this side Jordan toward the sun
rising; *^that the slayer might flee
thither, which should kill his neigh-
bour unawares, and hated him not
in times past ; and that fleeing unto
one of these cities he might live:
^'^ namely,^ Bezer in the -wilderness,
in the plain country, of the Keuben-
ites ; and Ramoth in Gilead, of the
Gadites ; and Golan in Bashan, of
the Manassites.

^ And this is the law which Moses
set before the children of Israel :
^^these are the testimonies,'^ and the
statutes, and the judgments, which
Moses spake unto the children of
Israel, after" they came forth out of
l-lgypt, ^^oii this side Jordan, in the
valley over against Beth-peor, in the
land of Sihon king of the Amorites,
who dwelt at Heshbon, whom Moses
and the children of Israel smote,*
after they were come forth out of
i'^gypt : *"and they possessed his
land, and the land of Og' king of
l>a.shan, two kings of the Amorites,
which icere on this side Jordan to-
ward the sun rising; "^^froni Aroer,™
which is by the bank of the river
Arnon, even unto mount Sion,f which
is Hermon, ^^and all the plain on
this side Jordan eastward, even unto

g Vc. 35. Jos. 2,
11.

h Le. 22, 31.

! Ch. .5, 16 ; 6, 3,
18; 12, 25, 28;
22, 7. Ep. 6, 3.

K (The three, cities
of refuge, from
the conquered ter-
ritory east of
Jordan, are now
pointed out. The
sc'ect'on of the
oth'T three is left,
until the land
west of the river
be possrs.ied. Six
cities of refuge
in all were to he
set apart. N'u.35,
1!.) Jos. 11, 17;
12, 5 ; and 13, 5.
1 Chr. 5, 23.

A. ("In Nu. 35,
14," says Ildver-
nick, " Jlo^es
gives the general
appointmentwith
reference to the
cities; here heap-
points the three
beyond Jordan,
while the others
naturally receive,
their appointment
oflerwards.")

fj. (All that relates
toiliviiie ivorship,
ceremonial rites,
and civil institu-
tions.)

V (In the fortieth
year.)

k Nu. 21, 24. Ch.
1, 4.

?Nm. 21,a5. Ch.
3, 3, 4.

mCh.2,36;3, 12.

f Ch. 3, 9. (This
might be ivrillen
Sinn — "elevat-
e/l," which wou>d
more clearly 'lis-
tiiir/uish it from
Sim. Ro. 9, 33,
and 11, 2<J.)

22G

A.M. 3373. \
B.C. 15G8. r

DEUTERONOMY.

I DE. 4, ?8.
t 5, 24.

0 (Thi' rppnint
mritt of the cili'-s
linil cnusfd a
short interrup-
tion.)

n Ileb., ktfp to do
th-m.

p(Ahrnhnm, Isaac,
and Jacob.)

<7 (f^learly and
d't.itinctlf/, though
not in any visible
ghnp:) Ex. 19,
9, 19, ami 20, 22.
Cli.4,3:J, 36,and
34, 10.

n Tliol.aw...

w.'LS iirdiiiiu'd by
aii^ols in tlu'
hand of a medi-
ator. Ga. 3 19.

T Heb, servants.

V (This rfp'titlm
of the liiv u-iis
the more weietl,
cu Jloses wjs
surrounded hij a
new gewrutioii,
awl as thi pfop't
wert aliout ti i-n-
joy th-prriiuinrnt
onci'pincy of th-"
inn I, in which the
en rctm-nis of th-:
law were to be
obei/et; thiji re-
petition would be
th'' more impirs-
aive as the great
lau-giver irns S"
soon to die.)

^ (Statue of icood,
sOm-, dc.)

jf (Picture drawn
in colour^,)

tfi (Shalt tint use
any gesture signi-
fying re.vcri.nct.)

o Le. 19, 12. Ex.
20, 7. Mat. 5,
S3.

u (The Jewish
writers remark,
that the word
used hrre is not
" rememl^r," al-
luding to th'- cita-
tion, bat ke i>, nb-
teroe, watch, the
Sabltrtth, which
vhitc in E-iypt
they couli nU do.
See ve. 15.)

a (It is perhaps
worthy of uiticc,
that " labour" on
the six days is
common I'd.) Ex.
2:i, 12, and 35, 2.
r,7.c. 20, 12.

> Go. 2, 2. Ex.
16, 29, 30. lie.
4,4.

227

the sea of the phiin, under the springs
of I'isgfah.

v.]

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568.
Of the delivery of the decalogue.

[loO

AND Closes called" all Israel, and
said unto them, "Hear, 0 Israel,
the statutes and judgments whieh 1
sjx'ak in your ears this day, that ye
may learn them, and l^eep'' and do
them. '^The Lord our (Jod made a
covenant with us in Iloreb. ^The
Loiu) made not this covenant with
our fathers,P but with us, even us,
who are all of us here alive this day.

*The LoKD talked"^ with you face
to face in the mount out of the midst
of the fire, *(I stood" between the
Lord and you at that time, to shew
you the word of the LoiU): for ye
were afraid l)v reason of the fire, and
went not up into the mount;) saying,
'' I am the Lord thy God which
brought thee out of the land of Egypt,
from the house of bondage.'^

'^Thou shalt have none other gods
before Me."

''Thou shalt not make thee ani/
frraven''' image, or any likeness^ of
(tny tiling that is in heaven above, or
that /.s- in the earth beneath, or that
is in the waters beneath the earth :
^thou shalt not bow down thyself
unto them, nor serve''' them : for I
the Lord thy God am a jealous God,
visiting the iniquity of the fathers
upon the children unto the third and
fourth generation of them that hate
Me, ^*^and shewing mercy unto thou-
sands of theui that love Me and keep
My commandments.

^'Thou shalt not take the name of
the Lord thy (iod in vain :" for the
Lord will not hold Itim guiltless that
taketh His name in vain.

'"-Keep*" the sabbath day to sanc-
tify it, as the Lord thy God hath
commanded thee. '^Six days thou
shalt labour," and do all thy work :
'^but the seventh day is the sabbath''
of the Lord thv God: in it thou

shalt not do anj" work, thou, nor thy
son, nor thy daughter, nor thy man-
servant, nor thy maidservant, nor
thine ox, nor thine ass, nor any of
thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is
within thy gates ; that thy manser-
vant and thy maidservant may rest
as well as thou. ^^And ^remember?
that thou wast a servant in the land
of I'gypt, and that the Lord thy
(Jod brought thee out thenee through
a mighty hand and by a stretched out
arm: therefore the Lord thy (iod
commanded thee to keep the sabbath
day.

'^Honour'' thy father and thy mo-
ther, as the Lord thy God hath
commanded thee ; that thy days may
be prolonged, and that it may go
welly with thee, in the land which
the Lord thv (Jod giveth thee.

17 Thou f.halt not kill.*

1^ Neither shalt thou commit adul-
tery.'

1^ Neither shalt thou steal."

^^ Neither shalt thou bear false wit-
ness'" against thy neighbour.

21 Neither shalt thou desire* thy
neighbour's wife, neither shalt thou
covet thy neighbour's house, his field,
or his manservant, or his maidser-
vant, his ox, or his ass, or any thing
that is thy neighbour's.

*^These words the Lord spake
unto all your assembly in the mount
out of the midst of the fire, of the
cloud, and of the thick darkness,
with a great voice : and He added
no more.* And He wrote them in
two tables of stone, and delivei-ed
them unto me. ^-^And it came to
pass, when ye heard the voice out of
the midst of the darkness, (for the
mountain did burn with fire,) that ye
came near unto me, even all the heads
of your tribes, and your elders ; ^'and
ye said, Behold, the Lord our (iod
hath shewed us His glory and His
gn'atness, and we have heard^ His
voice out of the midst of the fire :
we have seen this dav that God doth

/3 (God enforceji
the observance of
the Sablxtth by
different motives.
In Exodus, the
motive isfound'd
on the seventh ilay
of rest afttr the
creation ; here, on
the del i vera nre
from Egypt.) t'h.
4, 34, 37.

vCh. 15, 15; Ifi,
12; and 24 i:-,
22.

r Ex. 20, 12. Lf.

19, 3. Vh. 27,
16. Ep. (!, 2, 3.
Col. 3, 20.

y (This is an nd-
dition to Ex. 2<J,

12. It stems to
promise to obedi-
ence to this pre-
cept, bijth a long
atuia happy i ifc .)

s ...No murOorer
liatli eternal lire
abidin)^ in liiiu.
l.;n...3, i:>. Ex.

20, 13. Mat. 6,
21.

t Ex. %\ 14. En.

18, liO. .);.. 2,
11.

u Ex. 20, 15. Ho.

13, 9.

w Ex. 20, IG.

X Ex. 20, 17. Mi.
2, 2. 11 n. 2, 9.
Eu. 12, l.''i. IU>.
7, 7, and 13, 9.

6 (•' That is," says
ISu'irer, "to
tpecik tcilh tn
great n vi-ic ."
Conip. Ex. 2<>,

19. lie 12, 19.
I\rhaffMw-^'' r,
th' m- ,u,u,., giv-
en in our v rtwn
is the best.)

y Ex. 19, 19.

DE. 5, 25. (

7, 12. ;

DEUTERONOMY.

f A.M. 3873.
1 B.C. 1568.

( (Compare Ex.
;>3, 20, irhuh will
sfiew, that irheii-
I VI r the Lord np-
pi-ared either Co
Moses or the Is-
raelites, it was
in a pillar of
fire or the pillar
of a cloud, not
with the appear-
ance of a face.)

f Heb., add to
hear.

I (The effect of so
near a manifes-
tation of the' De-
ity on the viiiids
of the people,
should, perhaps,
reconcile us to our
present state of
dimness and dis-
tance from the
lively and spirit-
ual apprehension
of God. Chal-
mers.)

i ...They entreat-
ed that the word
should not be
spoken to them
any more. ..He.
12, 19.

a He. 12, 21.

<c (Signifying that
if faith and obe-
dience be not pro-
duced in them,
iveriithing shall
have been done
in vain.) Ch. 32,
-9. I's. 81, l.S.
Is. 48, 18. Mat.

■2:\ ■.^^. Lu. I'j,

■12.

h Gal. 3, 19.

c Ponder the patli
of thy feet, and
let all thy ways
be established
(or, all thy ways
shall be ordered
aright, mar.) Pr.
4,26. Ch.l7, 20;
28, 14. Jos. 1, 7 ;
23, 6.

d Ch. 10, 12. Ps.
119, 0. ,Je. 7,23.
Lu. 1, 6.

K (M'iral laws.)

Hi (Ritual observ-
ances.)

V (Civil institu-
tions.)

f Heb., pass over.

o(ThefearofGml,
being the princi-
ple of obedience,
is frtnuenlly in
Scripture put for
the whole of reli-
gion, or godli-
ni ss.)

talk' with man, and he liveth. ^^Now
therefore why should we die ? for this
great fire will consume us : if we
hear^ the voice of the Lord our God
any more, then we shall die.' ^*^For
who is there of all flesh, that hath
heard the voice of the living God
speaking out of the midst of the fire,
as we have, and lived? ^"Go thou
near, and hear all that the Lord our
God shall say ; and speak thou unto
us all that the Lord our God shall
speak unto thee ;' and we will hear
it, and do it.

2*^And the Lord heard the voice
of your words, when ye spake unto
me ; and the Lord said unto me, I
have heard the voice of the words of
this people, which they have spoken
unto thee : they have well" said all
that they have spoken. ^^0 that
there were such an heart in them,
that they would fear Me, and keep
all My commandments always, that
it might be well with them, and with
their children for ever l"

^Go say to them. Get you into
your tents again ; ^^ but as for thee,
stand thou here by Me, and I will
speak unto thee all the command-
ments, and the statutes, and the
judgments, which thou'' shalt teach
them, that they may do them in the
land which I give them to possess it,

^'■^ Ye shall observe to do therefore as
the Lord your God hath commanded
you : ye shall not turn aside'' to the
right hand or to the left. ^^Ye shall
Avalk'' in all the ways which the Loud
your God hath commanded you, that
ye may live, and that it may be well
Avith you, and that ye may prolong
your days in the land which ye shall
possess.

^Now these are the command-
-.jj -| ments,^ the statutes,** and the
''^■'-•J judgnicnts," which the Lord
your God commanded to teach you,
that ye might do them in the land
whither ye go^ to possess it : ^that
thou mightest fear° the Loud thy
God, to keep all His statutes and His

commandments, which I command
thee, thou, and thy son, and thy
son's son, all the days of thy life ;
and that thy days may be prolonged.*^

^Hear therefore, 0 Israel, and
observe to do it ; that it may be well
with thee, and that ye may increase
mightily, as the Lord God of thy
fathers hath promised thee, in the
land that floweth with milk and
honey.

^Hear, 0 Israel: The Lord our
God is one/ Lord : ^and thou shalt
love the Lord thy God with all thine
heart, and with all thy soul, and
with all thy might.*'

^And these words, which I com-
mand thee this day, shall be in thine
heart :'^ ''and thou shalt teacliP them
diligently unto thy children, and
shalt talk of them when thou sittest
in thine house, and when thou walk-
est by the way, and when thou liest
down, and when thou risest up.
^And thou shalt bind them for a sign
upon thine hand,'^ and they shall be
as fi-ontlets between thine eyes. ''And
thou shalt write them upon the posts
of thy house, and on thy gates.'^

^'^And it shall be, when the Lord
thy God shall have brought thee into
the land which He sware unto thy
fathers, to Abraham, to Isaac, and
to Jacob, to give thee great and
goodly cities, which thou buildedst''
not, 11 and houses full of all good
things, which thou filledst not, and
wells digged, which thou diggedst
not, vineyards and olive trees, which
thou plantedst not ; when thou shalt
have eaten and be full, i- then beware
lest thou forget the Lord, which
brought thee forth out of the land of
Egypt, from the house of bondage."

i^Tliou shalt fear the Lord thy
God, and serve' Him, and shalt swear
by His Name.*

1* Ye shall not go after other' gods,
of the gods of the people which are
round about you; ^^(for the Lord
thy God is a jealous'" God among
you) lest the anger of the Lord thy

e Lenfrth of day.';
...& jieace shall
thev add unto
thee. Pr. 3, 2.

/ One God the
Father, of whom
are all tiling's,
and we in llini;
and one Lord
Jesus Christ, by
wliom are all
things, and we
by Him. 1 Co.
8,6.

g Ma. 12, .33. Ch.
10, 12. Mat. 22,
37. Lu. 10, 27.

TT (If the law of
6(ir God is in our
heart, none of
our steps (or go-
ini/s) shall slide.
Ps. 37, 31 ; 40, 8 ;
119, 11, 98. Pr.
3, 3. Is. 51, 7.

p Heb., v-hi t or
sharp-in.

<T ("Chi the hand,"
says Jerome,
" that they may
be obeyed i?i ef-
fort ; ' before the
eyes ' that they
may be meditated
upon, day and
night.')

T (That thy thank-
fulness may be
perpetual.)

h ...I have given
you a land for
winch ye did not
labour,and cities
which ye built
not, and ye dwell
in them ; of the
vineyards and
oliveyards
which ye plant-
ed not do ye eat.
Jos. 24, 13. Ps.
105, 44.

V Heb., bondmen,
or, servants:.

i Thou shalt

worship tlie
Louu thy God,
and Him only
slialt thou serve.
Matt. 4, 10. Lu.
4, 8.

k Is. 45, 23.

ICh. 8, 19; 11,
28. Je. 25, 6.

m Ex. 20, 5. Ch.
4, 24.

228

A.M. 3373. 1
B.C. 1568. )

DEUTERONOMY.

( DE. 5, 26.

I 7, 12.

^ (QuoUd by thr
Lord Jesiuit'lirist
to SitUiH.) Mat.
4, 7. Lii. 4. 12.

n Savinj;, " Is

the Luiiuninoiig
us or notV" Ex.
17, 7.

o Thou hast omi-
mniuled ii.s to
keip tliy pii'-

COptS (lilif^LMlllV.

I's. 1111,4.

X Ileb., lo »/^>r-
roic.

ijl ( Vh., Ihos' laws
efprcinllt/ tchich
V re mcmirutU,
or witnes-iff, of
$omelhi.ig past,
e. g., thr p'lss-
ovrr, Sabbatli,
Ac.)

p Ex. vii.— xii.
Ps. lA-i, 9.

« lleb., eri7.

q Vc. 2.

<• If thou be
riKh toons, what
givi'st thou
Iliui .•' or what
•iveth He of
thine hand?
Job :15, 7 Ch.
10, 13. Je. 32,
S9.

Ch. 4, 1, and 8,
1. Lu 10, 28.

Moses desorib-
eth the riglite-
ousness which is
of the Law, that
the man which
docth tliose
things shall live
by them. Ko.
10, 5. Le. 18, 5.
Ch. 24, 13.

...They pot not

be land in pos-
session by tlieir

pwn sword

Lut Thy riKht
hand, and Tliine
ftrm, and the
light of Thy

ountenaacc...

Ps. 44, 3.

lOe. 15, 19, &c.
1.33, 2.

ICh. I, 38, and

fiod be kindled against thee, and
destroy thee from oti' the face of the
earth.

'•^Ve shall not tein])t''' the Lokd
your (Jod, as ye tempted J/iin in
Mas.sah."

*^Ye shall diligently" keep the
coinniandnu'iits of the Loud your
(lod, and His testimonies, and His
statutes, which He hath commanded
thee. ^*^And thou shaU do t/iat ir/iich
is right and good in the sight of the
Loiii) : that it may be well with thee,
and that thou mayest go in and pos-
sess the good land which the Lord
sware unto thy fathers, '"^ to cast out
all thine enemies from before thee,
as the Lord hath spoken.

'■^^And when thy son asketh thee
in tiinex to come, saying. What mean
the testimonies,''' and the statutes,
and the judgments, which the Lord
our (Jod hath commanded you?

'^^ Then thou shalt say unto thy
son, We were I'haraoh's bondmen in
Egypt ; and the I^okd brought us out
of Egypt with a mighty hand : —and
the Lord shewed'' signs and wonders,
great and sore," upon Egypt, upon
I'haraoh, and upon all his household,
before our eyes: '-^^and He brought
us out from thence, that He might
bring us in, to give us the land which
He sware unto our fathers. ^^And
the Lord commanded us to do all
these statutes, to fear' the Lord our
God, for our"" good always, that He
might preserve* us alive, as it is at
this day. ^ And it shall be our
righteousness,' if we observe to do
all these connnandments before the
Lord our God, as He hath commanded
us.

^When the Lord thy God shall
..jjj -, bring" thee into the land whi-

■'^'^•J ther thou goest to possess it,
and hath cast out many nations" be-
fore thee, the Hittites, and the (Jir-
gashites, and the Amorites, and the
( "anaanitea, and the Perizzites, and
the Hivites, and the Jebusites, seven
nations irreater"" and miirlititT than

thou ; 2 and when the Lord thy God
shall deliver them before thee ; thou
shalt smite them, and utterly de-
stroy-^ them ; thou shalt make no
covenant" with them, nor shew mercy
unto them: ^neither shalt thou make
marriages'' with them ; thy daughter
thou shalt not give unto his son, nor
his daughter shalt thou take unto thy
son. * Eor they will turn^ away thy
son from following Me, that they may
serve other gods : so will the anger
of the Lord be kindled against yon,
and destroy thee suddenly.

^Jiut thus shall ye deal with tliein ;
ye shall destroy their altars, and break
down their images,'*' and cut down
their groves, and burn their graven
images with fire. ^ For thou art an
holy- people unto the Lord thy God;
the Lord thy God hath chosen thee
to be a special" people unto Himself,
above all people that are upon the
face of the earth. '^ The Lord did
not set Hi;j love upon you, nor choose
you, because ye were more in number
than any people ; for ye were the
fewest'' of all people: ^but because
the Loud loved you, and because He
would keep the oath'" which He had
sworn unto your fathers, hath the
Lord brought'' you out with a mighty
hand, and redeemed you out of the
house of bondmen, from the hand of
I'haraoh king of ICgypt.

*'• Know therefore that the Lord
thy God, He is God, the faithful"
(Jod, which keepeth-'' covenant and
mercy with them that love Him and
keep His connnandments to a thou-
sand generations; ''^' and rei)ayetl).''
them that hate Him to their face, to
destroy them : He will not be slack
to hiin that hatetli Him, He will
repay him to his face. *' Thou shalt
therefore* keej» the comniaiidmeiits,
and the statutes, and the judgments,
which I command thee this day, to
do them.

*-' Wherefore it shall come to pas.s,
if* ye hearken to these judgments, and
kei'j), and do them, that the LoitD thy

X I-e. 27, 2S. Nn.

3.1, 52. Ch. 20,
IG. Jos. 0, 17;
8, 24 ; i», 24 ; 10,
2t^, 40; and 11,
11.

a (The Giheonitfs
ict-rf rrceived by
Tiiisiin of tit' ir
viliiah.) And...

•Tohhna made

a league witli
tbeni,tuletthem
live. ..Jos. 9, 15.

y Jos. 2.1, 12. 1
Ki. 11, 2. Ezr.
9,2.

^ (From the bias
of man to evil,
thrre teas more
»•' ason to fear
that their wives
would draw them
U> idolatry, than
to hope they
would be convert-
ed to the truth.)

y Ileb., statues,
or, pillars.

z Je. 2, 3. Ex.
19, G. Ch. 14, 2,
and 2G, 19. I'a.
5i), 5.

a 1 I'c. 2, 9. Ex.
19, 5. Am. 3, 2.

b De. 10, 22.

<: Ex. 32, 13. Ps.
10,'>, a 9, 10. Lu.
1, 55, 72, 73.

d Ex. 13, 3, 14.

e Is. 49, 7. 1 Co.
1, 9, and 10, 13.
2 Co. 1, IS. 1
Th.5. 24. 2Th.

3, 3. 2 Ti. 2, 13.
He. 11, 11. 1
J no. 1,9.

r Ex. 20, 6. Ch.
5, 10. Ne. 1, 6.
Da. 9, 4.

y Is. 59, 18. N».

1.2. Cb.32,36.

i We love Uiiii,
iK'cause He first
loved UK. 1 .luo.

4, 19. (From the
anterior disposi-
tion on the part
of lloiL, there is
made, nx if in sub-
ordinatiiin there-
to, a corr-sponl-
iny duty on tlie
part of man.)

r Heh, Ixaause.
\.f. 26, 3. tb.
•ZS, 1.

229

DE. 7, 13.
9,8.

DEUTERONOMY.

f A.M. 3573.
"i B.C. 1568.

h Jno. 14, 21.

i Ex. 23, 26.

^ (Such ns the
boils, the pesti-
lence, nnJ the
botch of Egypt.
Ex. 9, U, and
15, 26. Ch. 28,
27, 60.)

k Ch. 13, S; 19,
13, 21; and 25,
12.

J) (Teaching the
nec'ssity of cut-
ting off nil occa-
sions of ain, awl
resolutely to shun
all tmptitions
from which we
can duteoush/ re-
tiro..) Ex. 23,3:!.
Cli. 12, .30. .Jii.
8, 27. I's. lOU,
36.

6 (This, mnn'j
critics think, is to
be t'lke.a ni' ta-
phorically, ns a
symbol of th' U:r-
ror and p^inic
sent from God,
upon the enemy,
by which they
were agitated <t'
routalas if stun;/
to madness.) Ex.
2.3, 23. Jo.s. 24,
12.

I Nu. 11, 20; 14,
9 ; 14, 42 ; 16, 3.
Jos. 3, 10.

I Hcb., pluck off.

K (Compare the
instructir^ pos-
soge,2K\. 17,25,
26. Ti'ie prophets
frequently in-
clude Willi beasts
among the pun-
ishments they de-
nounce. See Je.
5, 5, 6: 15, 3.
Ez. 14, 15, 21.)

A Heb., before thy
face, ve. 2.

(lod shall keep unto thee the covenant
and the mercy which He sware unto
thy fathers : ^''and lie will love'' thee,
and bless thee, and niultij ly thee :
He will also bless the fruit of thy
womb, and the fruit of thy land, thy
corn, and thy wine, and thine oil, the
increase of thy kine, and the flocks
of thy sheep, in the land which He
sware unto thy fathers to give thee.
^^ Thou shalt be blessed above all
people : there shall not be male or
female barren' among you, or among
your cattle. ^^ And the Loud will
take away from thee all sickness, and
will put none of the evil diseases^ of
Egypt, which thou knowest, upon
thee ; but will lay them upon all
tltem that hate thee.

^^And thou shalt consume all the
people which the Lord thy God shall
deliver thee ; thine eye shall have no
pity^' upon them : neither shalt thou
serve their gods ; for that will be a
snare'' unto thee. ^'' If thou shalt
say in thine heart, These nations are
more than I ; how can I dispossess
themV ^'■'Thou shalt not be afraid of
them ; but shalt well remember what
the Loud thy God did unto Pharaoh,
and unto all Egypt; ^^the great temp-
tations Avhich thine eyes saw, and
the signs, and the wonders, and the
mighty hand, and the stretched out
arm, whereby the Lokd thy God
brought thee out : so shall the Lord
thy God do unto all the people of
whom thou art afraid.

2'^ Moreover the Lord thy God will
send the hornet^ among them, until
they that are left, and hide themselves
from thee, be destroyed. '•^'Thou shalt
not be affrighted at them : for the
Lord thy God is among' you, a
mighty God and terrible.

"'^^And the Lord thy God will put'
out those nations before thee by little
and little : thou mayest not consume
them at once, lest the beasts* of the
field increase upon thee. -^ But the
Lord thy God shall deliver them
unto thee,^ and shall destroy them

with a mighty destruction, until they
be destroyed. '-^^ And He shall deliver
their kings''^ into thine hand, and
thou siialt destroy their name from
under heaven : there shall no man
be able" to stand before thee, until
thou have destroj'ed them. ^^ The
graven images of their gods shall ye
burn" with fire : thou shalt not desire^
the silver or gold tliat is on tliem, nor
take it unto thee, lest thou be snared'
therein : for it is au abomination to
the Lord thy God. ^^ Neither shalt
thou bring an abomination into thine
house, lest thou be a cursed'' thing
like it : but thou shalt utterly detest
it, and thou shalt utterly abhor it ;
for it is a cursed thing.

^All the connnandments which I
^ryyj -| command thee this day shall

•'-'-'■•J ye observe to do, that 3'e may
live,'* and multiply, and go in and
possess the land which the Lord
sware unto your fothers. ^And thou
shalt remember all the way which the
Lord thy God led thee these forty
years in the wilderness, to humble
thee, and to prove tiiee, to know
what was in thine heart,' whether
thou wouldest keep His command-
ments, or no. ^And He humbled"
thee, and suffered thee to hunger, and
fed thee with manna, which thou
knewest not, neither did thy fathers
know ; that He might make thee
know that man doth not live by bread
only, but by every icovd that pro-
ceedeth out of the mouth of the Lord
doth man live. * Thy raiment waxed
not old upon thee, neither did thy
foot swell,' these forty years.

^ Thou shalt also consider in thine
heart, that, as a man chasteneth his
son, .so the Lord thy God chasteneth"
thee. '^Therefore thou shalt keep tlu;
connnandments of the Lord thy (!od,
to wall\ in His ways, and to fear
Him.

^ For the Lord thy God bringeth
thee into a good land, a land of brooks
of water, of fountains and depths that
spring out of vallej'S and hills ; ^ a

m .Jos. 10, 24, il ■
12, 1, &c.

n The Lop.d hath
driven cut from
l)ef'i)i-e you great
nations nnd
strung; liit ns
for you, no man
hath \)wn able
to Ktan(i before
you Unto this
day. Jos. 23, 9.

0 When (the Phi-
listines) had lePt
their gods lat
Baal-iierazim),
David gave a
ooniniandment,
and they were
burnt with fire.
IChr. 14,12. Ex.
32, 20. Ch. 12, .3.

p Jos. 7, 1, 21.

(/...fof) thogoh'.en
earrings... orna-
ments and

chriins... Gideon
made an ephod
...which beeanie
a snare to Gi-
deon, and to liis
house. Ju. S, 26,
27. Zep. 1, 3.

r Le. 27, 28. Ch.

\;\ 17. ,ios. 0,

17, 18; 7, 1.

IX (That is, hap-
pily niii/pro-'per-
ou-ih/. Life, in
Scripture phrase,
oftrn signifying
more than lure
eyi.itnice. Conip.
1 S.i. 2.5, 6. Le.
25, 36. Da. 6,21.
1 'l"h. 3, 8.)

s (So) God left
(llezel<iali), to
try liim, that lie
might know all
that was in liis
heart. 2Ch.32,
.31.

u (If our affec-
tions are proper-
ly fixed, ive ahnll
atnsideronrdaiUj
and most ordi-
nary bitssings as
n7iKpeakaUy
great.)

t Ch. 29, 5. Nc.
9, 21.

u Visit their

transgi'cssicpii...
nevertheless My
loving kindness
will I not utter-
ly take from
ahem)...Ps. 89,
32, 33. 2 Sa. 7,
14. Pr. .3, VI.
He. 12, .5, 6. Ke.
3, 19.

230

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. 7, 13.
( 9,8.

land of wheat, ^ juid Itail.'V, and vines,
and fif; tree.-!, and ixniioi^ranatea ; a
land of oil" olive, and honey; ^a
land wherein thou shalt eat bread
without scarceness, thou shalt not
lack any thing in it ; a land whose
stones are iron,*^ and out of whose
hills thou niayest dig brass.P

^'^When thou hast eaten and art
full, then thou shalt bless the Lord
thy (Jod for the good land which lie
hath given thee.

'* lieware that thou forget not the
Lord thy (lod, in not keeping His
coniniandnients, and His judgments,
and His statutes, which I command
thee this day : *''lest ichcn thou hast
eaten and art full, and hast built
goodly houses, and dwelt therein ;
'•' and when thy herds and thy flocks
multi))lv, and thy silver and thy gold
is niultii)lied, and all that thou hast
is multiplied ; '■* then thine heart be
lifted*^ lip, and thou'' forget'" the Lord
thy (iod, Avhicli brought thee forth
out of the land of Egypt, from the
house of bondage ; ^^ who led^ thee
through that great and terrible wil-
derness, ichcrein were fiery serpents,
and scorpions, and drought, * where
tliere iras no water ; who brought
thee forth water out of the rock of
Hint; '"who fed thee in the wilder-
ness with manna, which thy fathers
knew not, that He might humble/
thee, and that He might prove thee,
to do thee good at thy latter end ;-
'' and thou say in thine heart. My
power and the might of mine hand
hath gotten me this wealth. '^ liut
thou shalt remember the Loito thy
God : for it is He that giveth thee
power to get wealth," that He may
establish His covenant which He
sware unto thy fathers, as it is this
day.

'»And it shall be, if thou do at all
forget the LoKn thy (Jod, and walk
after other gods, and serve them,
and worship them, I testify* against
you this day that ye shall siu-ely
perish. ^As the nations which the

LoiU) destroyeth before your face, so
shall ye perish ; because ye would
not be obedient unto the voice of the
Loud your (Jod.

* Hear, 0 Israel ; Thou art to
jY -| P''Vi<s over Jordan this" day, to
^"^^ J go in to possess nations greater*^
and mightier than thyself, cities great
and fenced up to heaven,^ ^a people
gre^it and tall, the children of the
Anakims, whom thou knowest, and
of whom thou hast heard sa//, ^\'ho
can stand before the children of
Anak I

^ Understand therefore this day,
that the Loud thy (Jod is He which
goeth*^ over before thee ; as a con-
suming fire He shall destroy them,
and He shall bring them down before
thy face: so shalt thou drive them
out, and destroy them quickly, as
the Lord hath said unto thee.

^ Speak not thou in thine heart,
after that the Lord thy God hath
cast them out fi*om before thee, say-
ing. For my righteousness the Lord
hath brought me in to possess this
land : but for the wickedness of these
nations the Loud doth drive them out
from before thee. "Not for thy righ-
teousness, or for the uprightness of
thine heart, dost thou go to possess
their land : but for the wickedness"
of these nations the Lord thy God
doth drive them out from before thee,
and that He may perform the won^
which the Lord sware inito thy
fiithers, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob.

"Understand therefore, that the
Lord thy (Jod giveth" thee not this
good land to p<issess it for thy righ-
teousness ; for thou art a stitfnecked/
people. ^Kemember, o;uZ forget not,
how thou provokedst the Lord thy
(Jod to wrath in the wilderness: from
the day that thou didst depart out of
the land of Kgypt, until ye ^ came
unto this place, ye have been rebel-
lious against the Lord. ^Also in
Horeb ye provoked the Lord to
wrath,'' so that the Loud was angry
with you to have destroyed you.

u (At this time,
77/ 1> wiu uttered
in the elevtnl/l
month of the/oi-
tii-th year of the
no/oiirn. It !/•(/»
wl till the first
month o/ the ful-
Inicimj year that
the I.iraelile.i
crossed over Jiir-
dnn.) C'li. 11,31.
Jos. 3, 16; 4,19.

cCh. 4, 38; 7, 1;
11, 23.

f (A common hy-
perbole, intimnt-
171./ that the umlU
tr.re very high.
H' iiiy situated on
lij'ly eleuationn,
they would in-
deed seem high,
to those who had
o-'me out of the
level region of
(roshen.)

d Ch. 31, 3. Jos.
3, U.

o( You ocnipu their
place sniely on
aecnunt of that
faith which they
vnnt. lie nut e-
Inl'd then with
your present situ-
ation, hut possess
it with fear and
trrmhlimi. Ro.
11, 20. Shuttle-
worth.)

e Ge. 12, 7; 13,
l.-i; \r,. 7; 17,8;
26, 4 ; 2«, 13.

?r (Repeated for
Ih' third lime,
that it might he
m/yre impressive.)

AKx. .<«, 9;3.1,3;
34,9.

g ...Bocaiiw they
inndc the ralf...
Kx 32. 36. P».
106,19.

231

DE. 9, 9.
11,2.

DEUTERONOMY.

f A.M. 3873.
^ B.C. 15C8.

h ...Moses went
into the midst
of the cloud, and
gat liini up into
tlie mount : and
Moses was in the
mount fortydays
and I'ortv nights.
Ex. 24, 18. (Thi.s
wns Hoses' Jirst
fast.)

i ...He gave unto
Moses, when He
had male an iMid
of communinf;
witli him upon
mount Sinai, two
tables of testi-
mony Ex. 31,

18.

k Ex. 19, 17, and
20, 1. Ch. 4, 10;
10, 4 ; and 18, 16.

TO Ex. 32, 8.

n (0/ the Isrnel-
iles it) later times
it is said)... They
...hardened their
necks,like to the
neck of tlieir fa-
thers...and tlicy
rejected His sta-
tutes, and His

covenant and

they followed
vanity.. .& went
after the hea-
then that were
round about
thirm...2 Ki. 17,
14, 1.5. Ve. 6.
Ch. 10, 16, and

31, 27.

o Nu. 14, 12.

p Ex. 32, 15.

q Ex. 19, 18. Ch.
4, 11, and 5, 23.

r As soon as

(.Moses) came
nigh unto tlie
camp.. ..he saw
the calf and tin;
ilancing Ex.

32, 19.

p (" Inl'-nding pro-
hnldr/,"sni/sKittn,
" thfrrhy to inti-
mnte thnt, in like
■manneT,the re.crnt
covenant hetwi-en
God and t/iern
was broken on
their part, and,
in consequence,
riscinded on
//is.")

s I's. 106, 23. Ex.
34, 28.

s (This wns Moses'
second fast.)

^AVhen I was gone up into the
mount to receive the tables of stone,
even the tables of the covenant which
the Lord made with you, then I
abode in the mount forty days and
forty nights, I neither did eat bread
nor drink water :* ^"and the Lord
delivered unto me two tables of stone
written with the finger of God;* and
on them was written according to all
the words, which the Lord spake
with you in the mount out of the
fire in the day of the assembly.*
^^And it came to pass at the end of
forty days and forty nights, that the
Lord gave me the two tables of
stone, even the tables of the cove-
nant. ^^And the Lord said unto me.
Arise, get thee down quickly from
hence ; for thy people which thou
hast brought forth out of Egypt
have corrupted themselves ; they are
quickly turned aside out of the way
which I commanded them ; they have
made them a molten image."'

^'•^ Furthermore the Lord spake
unto me, saying, I have seen this
people, and, behold, it is a stiff-
necked people :" ^*let me alone, that
I ma}' destroy them, and blot out
their name from under heaven : and
I will make of thee a nation mightier
and greater than they."

^^ So I turned and came^ down from
the mount, and the mount'? burned
with fii-e : and the two tables of the
covenant ivere in my two hands.
'^And I looked,'" and, behold, ye
had sinned against the Lord your
God, and had made you a molten
calf: ye had turned aside quickly
out of the way which the Lf)UD had
commanded you. ^^And I took the
two tables, and castP them out of my
two hands, and brake thein before
your eyes. ^^And I fell down before*
the Lord, as at the first, forty days
and forty' nights : I did neither eat
bread, nor drink water, because of
all your sins which ye sinned, in
doing wickedly in the sight of the
Lord, to provoke II im to anger.

^^For I was afraid of the anger and
hot displeasure, wherewith the Lord
was wroth against you to destroy you.
]}ut the Lord hearkened^ unto me at
that time also.

'"^^And the Lord was very angry
with Aaron to have destroyed him :
and I prayed for Aaron also the same
time.

^^And I took your sin, the calf
which ye had made, and burnt it
with fire, and stamped it, and ground
it very small, even until it flas as
small as dust : and I cast the dust
thereof into the brook that descended
out of the mount.

22 And at Taberah,"" and at i\Ias-
sah," and at Kibroth-liattaavah, ye
provoked the Lord to wrath."

23 Likewise when the Lord sent
you from Kadesh-barnea, saying, Go
up and possess the land which 1 have
given you ; then ye rebelled'" against
the commandment of the Lord your
God, and ye believed Him not, nor
hearkened to His voice.

^•^Ye have been rebellious against
the Lord from the day that I knew
you.

25Thus I fell down before the Lord
forty days and forty nights, as I fell
down^ at the first ; because the Lord
had said He would destroy you.
'-*'I prayed^ therefore unto the Lord,
and said, O Lord God, destroy not
Thy peojjle and Thine inlieritance,
which Thou hast redeemed through
Thy greatness, which Thou hast
brouglit forth out of Egypt with a
mighty hand. ^7 j|pj^,^g,jj]jei. thy ser-
vants, Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob ;
look not unto the stubbornness of
this people, nor to their wickedness,
nor to their sin : ^'^lo.^.i the land'"
whence Thou broughtest us out say,
Because the Lord was not able to
bring them into the land which He
promised them, and because He hated
them. He hatli brought them out to
slay them in the wilderness, ^d^'q^
they are Thy people and Thine in-
heritance,- which thou broughtest out

t ...The Lord re-
pented Him of
the evil which
He thought to
do unto His peo-
ple. K.\. 32, 14,
and .3.3, 17. Ch.
10, 10.

<T (Complaining of
the toils mid pri-
i at ions of the
march.)

u Ex. 17, 7.

V ...Said, "Who
shall give us
flesh to eat ?"
:Nu. 11,4.

w ...Murmured...
wherefore hath
the LoHi)
brought us unto
tills land, to fall
hv the sword?...
Nu. 14, 3.

y Ex.32, 11.

T (According to
Dnthe, the Sama-
ritan reading,
" the inhabitants
of the laml,"
should he adopted
here. All the
VI rsions are o/>-
pii.ii-d to the //('-
brew. Hut the
addition is need-
less. We rend,
Ge. 41,55, "All
the land of E-
gy])t was fam-
ished." And ve.
57, " All coun-
tries came." 1
Sa. 14, 2.5, "All
(the;/ of) the
land.")

zCh. 4, 20. IKi.
8, 51. Ne. 1, 10.
Pm. 95, 7.

232

A.M. 3873. )

B.C. 16C8. r

DFAITERONOMY.

J DE. 9, 9.
1 11,2.

a Kx. a», 1, 2.

b Ex. 2a, -21.

V C/n Ex. 34, 27,
'2i<,italjirst.iefms
as thoujh Moaes
rerote tht law, but
ve. 27 rtifcrs to
xohat goes heforr.
Jehovah, not Mo-
tes, is the subject
of the ejeprexsioii
in ve. 28,—" IJe
wrote.")

e Ex. 37, 1, 2.

^ Clleb., wnrds...
the wonls of the

covenant Ex.

34, 28.)

d Ex. 34, 29.

\ (Much criticism
has bfi n ex]}ended
on ve. (5—9. Da-
the encloses them
in hrncket.1, as
parenthetical and
added by a dij-
ferail hand than
Jfoses. Theijsetm
to con I rati ict Nu.
33, 31, reversing
the order ; but the
explanation is
tasy. The pas-
sage in Xumbcrs
has re/ertnce to
the Jirst Journey
to Kadesh. The
Israelites march-
ed from Most: roth
to Hi ne-jaakan.
They then turned
hack after their
condemnation, <£■
vent over llor-
hagidgad, to Jiit-
hathah. In Deut-
eronomy the se-
cond journey is
described. They
then marched
fromJlf ne-jaakan
down to Mosera,
thence to Gudgo-
dah, and thence to
Jotbathah. Thus
in Numbers the
route proceeds
first upwards <t
then downwards ;
M Deuteronomy,
from the frat it
^oea downwards.)

(Situated nl th
'oot of Mount
Bor.)

(The connection
itween ve. 6—9
tnd what goes be-
hre, seenuf to he
hat, owing to his
ntercession, the
favour of God
as regained, for
fie journies were
ot stopped, and
' I Zieviles conli-
ued to minister.)

233

by Thy mighty power and by Thy
stretched out arm.

^At that time the Lord said imto
-.r -1 me, IleW thee two tables of
''^■•J stone like imto the first, and
come up unto Me into the mount, and
make thee an ark'' of wood. '^And
I will write" on the tables the words
that were in the first tables wliich
thou brakest, and thou shalt put
them in the ark,

^And I made'^ an ark of shittim
wood, and liewed two tables of stone
like unto the first, and went up into
tlie mount, having the two tables in
mine hand, ^And lie wrote on the
tables, according to the first writing,
the ten commandments,'^ which the
Louu spake unto you in the mount
out of the midst of the fire in the day
of the assembly : and the Lokd gave
them unto me,

^And I turned myself and came
down from the raonnt,'^ and put the
tables in the ark which I had made ;
and there they be, as the Loku com-
manded me,

^And< the children of Israel took
their journey fi'om Jieeroth of the
children of Jaakan to Mosera :''' there
Aaron died, and there he was buried ;
and Eleazar his son ministered in the
priest's office in his stead,

'^From thence they journeyed imto
Gudgod.ih; and from Gudgodah to
Jotbath, a land of rivers of waters.

^At that time" the Lokd s('])arated
the tribe of Levi, to bear the ark of
the covenant of the Lord, to stand
before the Lord to minister unto Ilim,
and to bless in His name, unto this
day. ^Wherefore Levi hath no part
nor inheritance with his brethren; the
Loud /*• his inheritance, according as
the Lord thy Clod promised him,

^"And I stayed in the mount, ac-
cording to the first" time, forty days
and forty nights ; and the Lord
lienrkeficd unto me at that time also,
and the Lord woukl not destroy
thee.

"And the Lord said unto me.
Arise, take^ tfii/ journey before the
people, that they may go in and
possess the land, which I sware unto
their fathers to give unto them.

^^And now, Israel, what doth the
Lord thy God require of tliee, but
to fear tlie Lord thy God, to walk
in all His ways, and to love llim,
and to serve the Loud thy God, with
all thy heart and with all thy soul,
^^to keep the commandments of the
Lord, and His statutes, which I
conmiand thee this day for thy good ?
^^IJehold, the heaven'^ and the heaven
of heavens is the.,L(HU)'s thy God,
the Ciwthf also, witli all that therein is.

^^Only the Loud had a delight in
thy fathers to love them, and He chose
their seed after them, even you above
all people, as it is this day, ^•'Cir-
cumcise therefore the foreskin of your
heart, ^ and be no more stif^llecked,

^Tor the Lord your God is God
of gods, and Lord of lords, a great
God, a mighty, and a ten-ible, which
regardeth not persons, nor taketh re-
ward: i^He doth execute the judg-
ment of the fatherless and widow,
and loveth the stranger, in giving
him food and raiment, ^^Love ye
therefore the stranger : for ye were
strangers in the land of Egypt.

'-^^Thou shalt fearv the Lord thy
God ; Him shalt thou serve, and to
Him shalt thou cleave, and swear by
His name, '^^llc is thy praise,'' and
He is thy God, that hath done' for
thee these great and ten-ible things,
which thine eyes have seen. '^-'Thy
fathers went down* into Egv-pt with
threescore and ten persons ; and now
the Lord thy God hath made thee as
the stars' of heaven for multitude.

* Therefore thou shalt love"' the
-.^j -| Lord thy (Jod, and keep His
"^'^•J charge, and His statutes, and
IHs judgments, and His command-
ments, alway.

'-^And know* ye this day: for /
.<pe(th not with your children which

a Or, former
days.

P Hob., go in
journey.

e t Kl. 8, 27. Ps.
115, 16; 148, 4.

/Ge. 14, 19. Ex.
19, 5. Pa. 24, 1.

g Circumcision i«
tliat of the heart,
in theKpirit, and
not in the letter.
...Ro. 2, 29.

•y t Those who fear
the Lord, cleave
to and serve Ilim,
may swear by Hit
name at a time
and in a place
calling for it.
When such an
oath was admin-
istered, it was in
the name of the

Lord that

bronglit up the
children of Is-
rael out of the
land of Epypt.
Je. 16, 14.)

h Heal me, O
LoBLi, ami I
shall l)e healed;
save me, and I
shall be saved ;
for Thou art my
praise. Je. 17,
14.

i Fear the Lobp,
and servo Him
in truth with all
your heart ; for
ouisider how
great things He
hath done for
you. 1 Sa. 12,
24. 2 Sa. 7, 23.
Ps. 106, 21, 22.

k All the souls
tliat came out of
the loins of .la-
cob wore seventy
souls; for Jo.sepli
was in Egypt al-
ready. Ex. 1, .'■>.
Cie. 46, 27. Ac.
7, 14.

I Go. 15, 5. Ch. 1,
10; 28, 62.

m That thou

mayestolH'V llis
voice', and that
thon mayost
rliave unto
liini; for He is
thy life. Ch.30,
20.

S (That U, consi-
der,- as Is. 1. 3.
Ec. 6, 1.)

2 u

DE. 11,3. I
12, 15. r

DEUTERONOMY.

i A.M. 3873.
t B.C. 1568.

e (They lived near
etiough the time
to he perfectly
assured of all the
events referred
to; and those who
were above fifty
might have re-
collected all.)

n Ps. 78, 12 ; 135,
9.

o Nu. 16. 32, and
27, 3. Ps. 106,
17.

p Ex. 14, 27, 28,
and 15, 9, 10.
Ps. 106. 11.

f Or, living sub-
stance which fol-
lowed them.

T) Heb., was at
their feet.

q Ch.5, 3; 7, 19.

r Jos. 1, 6, 7.

s Pr. 10, 27. Ch.
4, 40 ; 5, 16.

9 (In its being said
that it was not a
land like Egypt,
which is artifici-
ally watered, is
clf.arly shewn
that thi writer
was thinking of
Egypt, as the bet-
ter known object,
which he employs
to give a more
exact description
of the land to he
possessed. Ilii-
vernick.)

t C" On tlie plat-
form was fixed
a small reel for
the rope, which a
Titan, seated on a
level with the
axis, V)ound up,
by pulling the up-
per part of the
reel towards him
with his hand,
while he at the
same time pushed
the lower part
from him with
the foot. This
may not impro-
bably have liK'n
the ancient Egyp-
tian manner of
watering with
the foot." Dr.
Itoblnson.)

K Ileb., seeketh.

have not known, and wliicli have not
seen* the chastisement of the Lord
your God, His greatness. His mighty
hand, and His stretched out arm,
^ and His miracles," and His acts,
which He did in the midst of Egypt
unto Pharaoh the king of Egypt, and
unto all his land ; ■* and what He did
unto the army of Egypt, unto their
horses, and to their chariots ; how
He made the water of the Red sea
to overflow them as they pursued af-
ter you, and how the Loud hath de-
stroyed" them unto this day ; ^ and
what He did unto j-ou in the wilder-
ness, until ye came into this place ;
^and what He did unto Dathan and
Abiram, the sons of Eliab, the son
of Reuben : how the earth opened her
mouth, and swallowed^ them up, and
their households, and their tents, and
all the substance^ that ivas in their
possession,'' in the midst of all Israel:
^ but your ej^es? have seen all the
great acts of the Lord which He did.
* Therefore shall ye keep all the com-
mandments which I command you
this day, that ye may be strong,'' and
go in and possess the land, whither
ye go to possess it; ^and that ye may
prolong* ?/c»?/r days in the land, which
the Lord sware unto your fathers
to give unto them and to their seed,
a land that floweth with milk and
honey.

^^ For the land, whither thou goest
in to possess it, is not as the land of
Egypt, from whence ye came^ out,
where thou sowedst thy seed, and
wateredst it with thy foot, ■• as a
garden of herbs: ^^but the land, whi-
ther ye go to possess it, is a land of
hills and valleys, and drinlceth water
of the rain of heaven : ^^a land which
the Lord thy God carcth'' for: the
eyes of the Lord thy God are always
upon it, from tlie beginning of the
year even unto the end of the year.

^^And it shall come to pass, if ye
shall hearken diligently unto My
commandments which I command
you this day, to love the Lord your

God, and to serve Him with all your
heart and with all your soul, ^* that
I will give you the rain of your land
in his due season, the first rain and
the latter^ rain, that thou may est
gather in thy corn, and thy wine,
and thine oil. ^^And I will send**
grass in thy fields for thy cattle, that
thou mayest eat' and be full.

^•^Take heed to yourselves, that
your heart be not deceived," and ye
turn aside, and serve other gods, and
worship them; ^^ and then the Lord's
wrath be kindled against you, and
He shut" up the heaven, that there
be no rain, and that the land yield
not her fruit ; and lest ye perish"
quickly from off the good land -which
the Lord giveth you.

^^ Therefore shall ye lay up these
My words in your heart and in your
soul, and bind them for a sign upon
your hand, that they may be as front-
lets between your eyes.f *^And ye
shall teach them your childi*en, speak-
ing of them when thou sittest in thine
house, and when thou walkest by the
^\'ay, when thou liest down, and when
thou risest" up. ^^And thou shalt
write them upon the door posts of
thine house, and upon thy gates :'"
^^ that your days may be multiplied,
and the days of your children, in the
land which the Lord sware unto yoiu-
fathers to give them, as the days of
heaven upon the earth.'^

2^ For if ye shall diligently keep
all these commandments which I com-
mand you, to do them, to love the
Lord your God, to walk in all His
ways, and to cleave unto Him ; ^^then
will the Lord drive out all these na-
tions from before you, and ye shall
possessP gi-eater nations and mightier
than yourselves. ^^ Every place where-
on the soles of your feet shall tread
shall be your's :^ from the wilder-
ness and Lebanon, from the river,
the river Euphrates, even unto the
uttermost"^ sea, shall your coast be.
2^ There shall no man be able^' to
stand before you : for the Lord your

A (The "autum-
nal," after the
sowing of the
seed, about the
end of October ;
and the " spring"
before harvest, in
March. Dathe.)
.Jc. 5, 24. Ja. 5,
7.

IX lleh., give. Ps.
104, 14.

t Ch. 6, 11. Joel
2, 19.

v (By specious
pn t,-nci:s alleged
ill favour of %do-
lotry, as its anti-
quity, universal
oinsent unto, or
its agreeahhuess
to corrupt human
nature.)

u 1 Ki. 8, 35, and
17, 1. 2 Chr. 6,
26, and 7, 13.

(■ Ch. 4,26; 8, 19,
20; and 30, 18.
Jos. 23, 13.

f (Always in re-
membrance.)

o (Taking all oc-
casions to incul-
cate these pre-
cepts upon them.)

w Ch. 6, 9.

77 (As long as the
sun and moon en-
dure ; throughout
all generations.)

p (Deuteronomy
throughout goes
on the supposi-
tion of the occu-
pation of the
land. But it no-
where loses the
point of view that
the Israelites are
now for the first
time just about ta
effect that occu-
jiation. Hiiver-
nick.)

X Ge. 15, 18. Ex.
23, 31. Nu. 34,
3—12.

a- (The Mediter-
ranean, the hind-
er sea : the face
being supposed to
be directed to-
wards the east.)

y Ch.2, 25, and

7, 24.

234

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

DEUTERONOMY.

IDE. 11,3.
1 12, 15.

e .Ins. U, 23.

T ('.V'lH his a free
choice ; for the
ver;i grnunil of
f>- rnonnlity is the
jutssesaion of a
t If -determining
pnwer, of a
choice. Cole-

riilge.)

a Ch. 28, 15.

V ( Th:' evil will
trhiih cnunes (his
S' jiiiration of man
from Gmi if a
fiut ; it cannot be
ej-pfaine*l^ ol-
thouijh it must he
believed, liullar.)

<t> (" Mounl.1 Geri-
zim and Elul ri-te
in steep rock;/
precipices imme-
dintely from the.
vnllry on each
side, oppiirently
some eight hnn-
dnd f,el in
height. The sides
of both the-ie
mountains^ as
h'-re seen, were to
our eyes equally
niikni and ste-
rile." Kobinson.
S'hiibert makes
Geri-im two
thottsand Jive
hundred feet a-
boue the level of
the sea, and seven
h undrejl and fifty
feet above the
town.) Ch. 27,
12,13. Jos. 8. 33.

X (The oaks of
Moreh, i.e., tlie
oak grore of Mo-
reh, a well known
geographiad di-
lignation. Ge.
12, 6. Ju. 7, 1.)

|6Ch. 9, 1. Jos.
1, 11.

le Ch. 5, 32, and
12,32.

^ (Entirely em-
ploi/ed to serve
and ailore J/im
evrry day. with
the utmost vigour
of soul and body.)

\d Kx. 31, 1.3. Ch.
7, 5.

(Or, inherit.)

2Ki. 16, 4; 17,
10, 11. Je. 3, 6.

Heb., break

I down.

'Ve. 11. Ch. 26,
12. Jos. 9, 27.

II Ki. 8, 29. 2
Chr. 7, 12. I's.
78,68.

God shall lay the fear of yon and the
diTud of you upon all the land that
yc shall tread upon, as lie hath said-
unto you.

26 ji^.iioi,!^ I cj^.tr i)ef,),-e yoii this

day a blessing and a curse; '"^^a bless-
ing, if ye obey the connnandnients
of the Loud your ( Jod, which 1 com-
mand you this day : "^^ and a curse,"
if ye will not obey the command-
ments of the Loud your God, but
turn" aside out of the way which I
command you this day, to go after
other gods, which ye have not known.

^'■'And it shall come to pass, when
the Loun thy (Jod hath brought thee
in unto the land whither thou gocst
to possess it, that thou shalt put the
blessing upon mount Gerizim,''' and
the curse upon mount Ebal. '"^^Arc
they not on the other side Jordan, by
the way where the sun goeth down,
in the land of the Canaanites, which
dwell in the champaign over against
Gilgal, beside the jdains of Moreh 'r'^'
^^ For ye shall pass* over Jordan to
go in to possess the land which the
LoKD your God giveth you, and ye
shall possess it, and dwell therein.
^^And ye shall observe to do*^ all the
statutes and judgments which I set
before you this day.

'These are the statutes andjudg-
,^yy -| nients, which ye shall observe
"*-^^'j to do in the land, which the
LoKD God of thy fathers givclh thee
to possess it, all the days'^ that ye
live upon the earth. ^Ye shall ut-
terly destroy'' all the places, wherein
the nations which ye shall possess"
served their gods, upon the high
mountains,' and upon the hills, and
under every green tree: ^and ve
shall overthrow" their altars, and
break their pillars, and burn their
groves with fire ; and ye shall hew
dowu the graven images of their
gods, and destroy the names of them
out of that place.

''Ye sliall not do so unto the Loito
your God. •' l»ut unto the ])lace which
the Loud vour (Jod shall choose/ out

of all your tribes to put Tlis naine^
there, even unto His habitation shall
ye seek, and thither thou shalt come:')'
*^and thither ye shall bring your
burnt offerings, and your sacrifices,
and your tithes, and heave offerings
of your hand, and your vows, and
your freewill otit'erings, and the first-
lings of your herds and of your flocks:
^And there ye shall eat before* the
Lord your (Jod, and ye shall rejoice
in all that ye put your liand unto, ye
and your households, wherein the
L()i!D thy God hath blessed thee.
*'Ye shall not do after all t/ie tlt'ings
that we do here this day, every man
whatsoever is right* in his own eyes.
^For ye are not as yet come to the
rest and to the inheritance, which the
Loud your God giveth you.

'''But u-hcn ye go over Jordan,
and dwell in the land which the Loud
your (Jod giveth you to inherit, and
when He giveth you rest from all
your enemies round about, so that ye
dwell in safety; 'Mhen there shall
be a placed which the Loud your (Jod
shall choose to cause His name to
dwell there ; thither shall ye bring
all that I command j'ou ; your burnt
offerings, and your sacrifices, your
tithes, and the heave offering of your
hand, and all your choice'' vows
which ye vow unto the Loud: '"^and
ye shall rejoice* before the Loud your
God, ye, and your sons, and your
daughters, and your menservants, and
your maidservants, and the Lcvite
that is within your gates ; forasmuch
as he hath no part nor inheritance
with you.

'■'Take heed to thyself that thou
offer not thy burnt offerings in every
place that thou secst : "but in the
placed' which the Lord shall choose
in one of thy tribes, there thou shalt
otVer thy burnt offerings, and there
thou shalt do all that I command thee.
'■''Notwitli'^tanding' thou mayest kill
and eat flesh in all thy gates, what-
soever thy soul lusteth after, accord-
insr to the ble-sins' of the Lord thy

fi (The name of
G'mI is the sfime
as Uiid Himself;
the meaning is
theiefore " to
dwell there:' Da-
Ihe; similarly,
.Muiirer.)

y (By their resi-
dinre in the wil-
drrness, the peo-
ple hud been prnc-
ticitlly famitiar-
izeit with the idra
of their theocra-
tic siparation ef
unity; that idea
in its higher ne-
cessity luid lietn
iinprrss' d ujxtn
the nation : it was
now of import-
ance, on their
entrance into Ca-
ncum, to give, pro-
fniuenf exhibition
to this idea, as
that which alone
Cfinltl conduct
thrm to tlieir des-
tination. llUvcr-
nick.)

5 (As our feelings
are strt ngthm-
ed by friendship
anil social inter-
course, so our
spiritual nature
is strengthened
and purificl by
interantrse with
GoWs Spirit.)

e (Perform

your ritual ob-
servances without
VI uch regard to
place.)

i (External as-
sists internal re-
ligion.)

t) Heb., the choice
of your vows.

6 (Surely there is
a want of right
faith and under-
standing, where
there is not a
cheerful religion.
Chalmers.)

g 2 Chr. 7, 12.

I (Having spnken
of but one centriil
place of sarrifire,
the .-tiitnr.^s of
the tl.mnnd, that
,:ll ouimnls de.
signrd for find
should be Itrought
U> the talnrnacle,
is nrrrssarily set
asiiU and re-

pealed.)

DE. 12, 16. 1
14,6. i"

DEUTERONOMY.

j A.M. 3873.
1 B.C. 1568.

K (The gazelle
ijroiip of the an-
telopes')

K (The stag, cer-
vus barbatus.)

y, (This was not
the lithe of Le.
21,ZO,paidtothe
Lrvites, nor yet
that of Nu. 18,
26; Nc. 10, 38;
lut a Sf.cnnd tithf,
which they were
to eat with the
Levite, and with
the stranger, the
fatherless, & the
widow. See ch.
14, 22 — 29. It
was to he eaten
for two years to-
gether at^ Jeru-
salem, and the
third year in the
country, ch. 14,
28, 29.)

V Heb., all thy
days.

f (The design of
ve. 20—25 is to
acqxtaint the Is-
raelites that,
though they viere
no longer obligetl
to bring the beasts
to the door of the
tabernacle, the
other j>art of the
law, viz., that
against eating
with the blood,
was not dispensed
with, he. 17, 10,
11.)

o (For if they
lived at a great
distance they
could not, without
grexit difficulty,
bring the beasts,
which they killed
for their private
table, to the sanc-
tuary.)

TT (As free to kill
and eat their do-
mestic animals,
as they had pre-
viously been with
those that viere
wild.)

p Heb., be strong.

(J (Not only to
prevent its vsi-
for idf>latrf:us
purposes, hut be-
cause the blood of
victims was con-
s crated to God
IIS an atonement
fcr sin. Ge. 9,
■i. Le. 17, 11,
M )

T (Sacrifices, offer-
ings, tithis.)

God which lie hath given thee : the
unclean and the clean may eat thereof,
as of the roebuck," and as of the hart."^
^^Only ye shall not eat the blood; ye
shall pour it upon the earth as water.

^''Thou mayest not eat within thy
gates the tithe'* of thy corn, or of
thy wine, or of thy oil, of the first-
lings of thy herds or of thy flock,
nor any of thy vows which thou
vowest, nor thy freewill offerings, or
heave offering of thine hand : ^^but
thou must eat them before the Lord
thy God in the place which the Lord
thy God shall choose, thou, and thy
son, and thy daughtei*, and thy man-
servant, and thy maidservant, and
the Levite that is within thy gates :
and thou shalt rejoice before the Lord
thy God in all that thou puttest thine
hands unto.

^'•^'Take heed to thyself that thou
forsake not the Levite as long" as
thou livest upon the earth.

20 When the Lord thy God shall
enlarge thy border, as He hath pro-
mised thee, and thou shalt say, I
will eat flesh, because thy soul long-
eth to eat flesh ; thou mayest^ eat
flesh ; whatsoever thy soul lusteth
after, ^i If the place which the Lord
thy God hath chosen to put His name
there be too far° from thee, then thou
shalt kill of thy herd and of thy
flock, which the Lord hath given
thee, as I have commanded thee,
and thou shalt eat in thy gates what-
soever thy soul lusteth after. '^'^YaYQh
as the roebuck and the hart is eaten,
so thou shalt eat them -J" the unclean
and the clean shall eat o/them alike.
^•''Only be sure/ that thou eat not the
blood : for tlie blood k the life ; and
thou mayest not eat the life<^ with the
flesh. 2*Thou shalt not eat it; thou
shalt pour it upon tlie earth as water.
2^Thou shalt not eat it; that it may
go well with thee, and witli thy chil-
dren after thee, when thou slialt do
that ichich is right in the siglit of the
Lord.

26 Only thy holy things'' which

thou hast, and thy vows,'' thou shalt
take, and go unto the place which
the Lord shall choose: 2" and thou
shalt offer thy burnt offerings, the
flesh and the blood, upon the altar of
the Lord thy God : and the blood of
thy sacrifices shall be poured out
upon the altar of the Lord thy God,
and thou shalt eat the flesh."

2^ Observe and hear all these words
which I command thee, that it may
go well with thee, and with thy chil-
dren after thee for ever, when thou
doest that ivhich is good and right in
the sight of the Lord thy God.

2^ When the Lord thy God shall
cut off the nations from before thee,
whither thou goest to possess them,
and thou succeedesf^ them, and dwell-
est in their land ; ^"take heed to thy-
self that thou be not snared by fol-
lowingx them, after that they be de-
stroyed from before thee ;''' and that
thou enquire not after their gods, say-
ing. How did these nations serve
their gods? even so will I do like-
wise. ^^Thou shalt not do so unto
the Lord thy God : for every abo-
mination" to the Lord, which lie
hateth, have they done unto their
gods ; for even their sons and their
daughters they have burnt" in the
fire to their gods.^

^2 What thing soever I command
you, obsei've to do it ; thou shalt not
add thereto, nor diminish from it.

VTTT "1a.m. 3873. B.C. 1568. Kadesh. TlKO'
-'^'-•'■■L-L.J Enticers to idolatry to be stoned. \_^ ^ '

IF there arise among you a pro-
phet, or a dreamer of dreams, and
giveth thee a signV or a wonder, 2 and
the sign or the wonder come to pass,'
whereof he spake unto thee, saying.
Let us go after other gods, (which
thou hast not known,) and let us serve
them; •''thou shalt not hearken vunto
the words of that prophet, or that
dreamer of dreams : for the Lord
your God proveth* you, to know
whether ye love the Lord your God
with all your heart and with all your

/( (Hannah) took
(Sannicl) up....
with three bul-
locks, and one
ephah of flour...
andbroufrlit liini
to the house of
tliL'LonDin Shi-
loh...l Sa. 1 24.

V (Of the peace-
offerings.)

(j> Heb., inheritest;
or, possessest
them.

xTieh., after thern.

\fi (Mark, how em-
phatically every-
th ing tending to
lend the Israelites
away from God
is forbidden.)

CO Heb., abomina-
tion of the.

a(" Nowhere, "says
Lasanlx, "are to
he found nwre
bloody a7id fear-
ful human sacri-
fices, than among
the idolatrous in-
habitants ofanci-
eid Cemaan, Phie-
nicia, and Car-
thage...Not any
and every human
being was immo-
lated, but the in-
nocent children
were selected, and
among these the
preference was
giveji to the only
child, or to the
frstborn.")

/3 (The depravity
of matt is shewn
by his endeavours
to bring down the
divine character
and government
to the level of his
own degrada-
tion.)

y (Sign, what ap-
pears to prove hie
Divine mission ;
wonder, a parti-
cular sign at-
tracting to itself,
surprise and as-
tvuishment.)

i Ch. 18, 22. Jc.
28,9. Mat. 7, 22.

k Ch. 8, 2. Mat.
24,24. 1 Co. 11,
19. 2 Th. 2, 11.
Re. 13, 14.

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. ]■

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. 12, 16.
I 14,6.

i 1 1 rb., tpoLen
molt against tlif
Lord.

t (God cnnnot con-
tniilict HinisrlJ',
anil thrre.j'ore we
mtt,st not allow
ani/thing to in-
duce us to tran.i-
grrss a clearly
txprrssed com-
nuiiul.)

I lie tlint lovoth
son or (laujiliter
more tliaii Me,
is not worthv of
Me. ila». 10,'37.

f (Silt privately,
but liy legal pro-
cess be/ore the
court of the twai-
ty three judges.
Patrick.;

m Ch. 17, 7. Ac.
7, 5S.

) (Such severity
was hut needful
among a people
prune to idolatry,
and encompassed
on nil sidai by
iilotatroua no-
tions.)

I Heb., bondmen.

OT,naughti/men.
See J 11. 19, 22.
1 Sa. 2. 12; 25,
17, -2.% 1 Ki. 21,
10, 13. 2 Co. 6,
15.

(Derived from
73 not, without,
bl" profit,
KM, tcorthle-is-
tUSt, wickedness.
Bence in the New
Testament it is
\ued as a name
>/ Satan. 2 Co.

(From religious
^oininunion irith

lou.) If they

lad been of us,
;hey would no
loubt have coti-
inued withus...
Jno. 2, 19.

(The Sanhe-
rim only, ac-
>rding to the
ews, cniM to he.
ignizance ofth is,
they were to
all possible
na to find
hether or not
information
■e true.)

soul, *Ye shall walk after the Lord
your (iod, aud fear Him, and keep
His coininaiidnients, and obey His
voice, and ye shall serve Him, and
cleave unto Him. ^And that i)r()i)het,
or that dreamer of dreams, shall be
put to death ; because he hath spoken*
to turn t/oh away from the Loud your
God, which brought you out of the
land of ICgypt, and redeemed you
out of the house of bondau^e, to thrust
thee out of the way which the Loud
thy tJod commanded thee to walk' in.
.So shalt thou put the evil away from
the midst of thee.

^If thy brother, the son' of thy
mother, or thy son, or thy daughter,
or the wife of thy bosom, or thy
friend, which is as thine own soul,
entice thee secretly, saying. Let us
go and serve other gods, which thou
hast not known, thou nor thy fathers;
''namely, of the gods of the people
which are round about you, nigh
unto thee, or far off from thee, from
the one end of the earth even unto the
other end of the earth; ^thou shalt
not consent unto him, nor hearken
unto him ; neither shall thine eye
pity him, neither shalt thou spare,
neither shalt thou conceal him : ''but
thou shalt surely kilK him ; thine
hand sliall be first upon him to put
him to death,"* and afterwards the
hand of all the people. ^''And thou
shalt stone him with stones, that he
die;'' because he hath sought to thrust
thee away from the Lokd thy (iod,
whicli brought thee out of the land
of Egypt, from the house of bondage.*
"And all Israel shall hear, and fear,
and shall do no more any such wick-
edness as this is among you.

^'■^If thou shalt hear sai/ in one of
thy cities, which the Lokd thy (Jod
hath given thee to dwell there, say-
ing, ^'^ Certain men, the children' of
Belial,* are gone out from among you,
and have withdrawn'^ the inhabitants
of their city, saying, Let us go and
serve other Gods, which ye have not
known; "then shalt thou enquire,**

and make search, and ask diligently ;
and, behold, if it be truth, and the
thing certain, that such abomination
is wrought among yon; ^'^thou shalt
surely smite the inhabitants of that
city with the edge of the sword,
destroying it utterly,'' and all that is
therein, and the cattle thereof, with
the edge of the sword. **^And thou
shalt gather all the spoil of it into
the midst of tlie street thereof, and
shalt burn with fire the city, and all
the spoil thereof every whit,^ for the
Lord thy God ; and it shall be an
heap" for ever ; it shall not be built
again. ^'^And there shall cleave"
nought of the cursed'^ thing to thine
hand : that the Lord may turn from
the fierceness of His anger,P and
shew thee mercy, and have compas-
sion upon thee, and. multiply thee, as
He hath sworn unto tiiy fathers;
**^when thou shalt hearken to the
voice of the Lord thy God, to keep
all His commandments which I com-
mand thee this day, to do that which
is right in the eyes of the Lord thy
God.

^Ye are the children of the Lord
VTV "1 y^^^* ^od : ye shall not cut

^ "J yourselves, nor make any
baldness between your eyes, for the
dead."" ^For thou art an holy people
unto the Lord thy God, and the
Lord hath chosen thee to be a pecu-
liar people unto Himself, above all
the nations that are upon the earth.

A.M. 3873. B.C. 15(58. Same Placf.
Of what may, and may not, be eaten.

[158

''THOU shalt not eat any abo-
minable'' thing.

■•These arc the beasts which ye
shall eat : the ox, the sheep, and the
goat, ^the hart, and the roebuck,
and the fallow deer, and the wild
goat, and the pygnrg," and the wild
ox,"^ and the chamois. ''And every
beast that parteth the hoof, and
cleaveth the cleft into two claws,
and cheweth the cud among the
beasts, that ye shall eat.'''

i* (Unless severe
measures were
fisetl, there was a
danger of the
whole country
round being in-
fected.) Kx. 22,
20. Lo. 27, 29.
Jos. 6, 17.

f (As wholly ac-
cursed.)

n Jos. 8, 28. Is.
17, 1, and, 26, 2.
Je. 49, 2.

o (From disre-
garding this. A-
chan troiililed Is-
rnc', .Jos. 7. 1,
and Saul lost his
kingdom, 1 Sa.
15, 19.)

n Or, devoted.

p (The crime of
idolatry stnickat
the foundation of
their religion and
government. Pa-
trick.)

<7 (God would not
permit them to
imitate the Gen-
tile funeral rites;
and this seems to
have been a di-
rection to them
not tt) sorrow lik*.
men without hope,
hut to ejcpect ano-
ther state hesides
the present, .lor-
tin.) Le. 19, 28,
and 21, 5. Jo.
11), G; 41, r>, and,
47, 6. 1 Th. 4,
13.

T ( WTiat-foever had
l>ern consecrated
by superstition.)

V Or, biion. Uch.,
dishon. (/lather
a species of ga-
zelle or nnttlope.)

<f> (Host probably,
as Ilixhart, Ge-
senius and Iloedi-
ger asstrt, a spe-
cies of gazelle.)

if/ (The general
nuirks only are
here given. See
Le. xi.)

237

DE. 14, 7. }
16, 2. f

DEUTERONOMY.

j A.M. 3873.
( B.C. 1568.

Ill (Thf prohibi-
tions by which
they would be kept
from intercourse
with surrounding
nations, filly fol-
low the laws a-
gainst idolatry.)

a (Those are to
be reputed clean
which are not for-
bidden. Le. 11,
13.)

j3 (The ostrich,
Job 39, 13.
Septuagint and
Vulgate.)

y (Gesenius and
RoeAiger, after
the Septuagint &
Vulgate, the sea
mew.)

S (Probably ac-
cording to Oed-
ni/inn and Gese-
nius, the pelican.)

e (Bochart, Oed-
mann, Gesenius,
d:c., the garnet.)

^ (According to the
Septuagint, Vul-
gate,and Haadias,
the hoopoe.)

ij (This is not the
snmepr' cept with
that at ve. 11 ;
there he speaks
of bird.'<, here of
...flying crefip-
iiig things.. .Le.
11, 21.)

9 (One who v>or-
shippe.d the God
of Israel, hut was
not circumcised.)

s (Who only came
and went in his
traffic.)

I (A common prac-
tice among sur-
rou7iding nations.
" Immediately
after our halt-
ing," says Buck-
ingham, " a meal
was prepareA for
us, the principal
dish of wh ich was
a young kid seeth-
ed in milk.")

K (Thou Shalt
faithfullygiv the
second tithe to bi'
spent in feasts at
My tabernacle.
€h. 12, 17.)

A (If thou pay the
tithe, then it is thy
corn ; if thou do
not, it is My corn.
Hos. 2, 9.)

238

^ Nevertheless these ye shall not
eat of them that chew the cud, or
of them that divide the cloven hoof;
as the camel, and the hare, and the
coney : for they chew the cud, but
divide not the hoof; therefore they
are unclean" unto you. *^And the
swine, because it divideth the hoof,
yet cheweth not the cud, it is unclean
unto you : ye shall not eat of their
flesh, nor touch their dead carcase.

^ These ye shall eat of all that are
in the waters : all that have fins and
scales shall ye eat : ^^ and whatso-
ever hath not fins and scales ye may
not eat ; it is unclean unto you.

^^ Of all clean'' birds ye shall eat.

^'^ But these are they of which ye
shall not eat : the eagle, and the os-
sifrage, and the ospi-ay, ^^ and the
glede, and the kite, and the vulture
after his kind, ^*and every raven
after his kind, ^^ and the owl,^ and
the night hawk, and the cuckow,')'
and the hawk after his kind, ^^ the
little owl, and the great owl, and the
swan,^ ^'' and the pelican, and the
gier eagle, and the cormorant,* ^^and
the stork, and the heron after her
kind, and the lapwing,^ and the bat.

^^And ev^ery creeping thing that
flieth is unclean unto you : they shall
not be eaten.

^But of all clean fowls'? ye may
eat.

^^Ye shall not eat of any thing
that dieth of itself : thou shalt give
it unto the stranger^ that is in thy
gates, that he may eat it ; or thou
mayest sell it unto an alien :^ for
thou art an holy people unto the
Lord thy God.

Thou slialt not seethe' a kid in his
mother's milk.

2^ Thou shalt truly" tithe all the
increase of thy seed, that the field
bringeth forth year by year.

'■^^And thou shalt eat before the
Lord thy God, in the place which
Me shall choose to place His name
there, the tithe of thy corn,^ of thy
wine, and of thine oil, and the first-

lings of thy herds and of thy flocks ;
that thou mayest learn to fear** the
Lord thy God always.

^^And if the way be too long for
thee, so that thou art not able to
carry it ; or if the place be too far
from thee, which the Lord thy God
shall choose to set His name there,
when the Lord thy God hath blessed
thee : ^^ then shalt thou turn^ it into
money, and bind" up the money in
thine hand, and shalt go unto the
place which the Lord thy God shall
choose: ^^and thou shalt bestow that
money for whatsoever thy soul lusteth
after, for oxen, or for sheep, or for
wine, or for strong drink, or for what-
soever thy soul desireth -J and thou
shalt eat there before the Lord thy
God, and thou shalt rejoice, thou,
and thine household, ^''and the Le-
vite° that is within thj^ gates ; thou
ahalt not forsake'^ him ; for he hath
no part nor inheritance with thee.

^^At the end of three years thou
shalt bring forth all the titheP of thine
increase the same year, and shalt lay
it up within thy gates : '^^ and the
Levite, (because he hath no part nor
inheritance with thee,) and the stran-
ger, and the fatherless, and the widow,
which are within thy gates, shall
come, and shall eat and be satisfied •,°'
that the Lord thy God may bless
thee in all the work of thine hand
which thou doest.

XV.]

A M. 3873. B.C. 1568.

Same Place.
The year of release.

[159

AT the end of everi/ seven' 3'ears
thou shalt make a release. '''And
this is the manner of the release :
Every creditor'' that lendeth our/ht
unto his neighbour shall release it ;
he shall not exact it of his neighbour,
or of his brother ; because it is called
the Lord's release. "^ Of a foreigner
thou mayest exact it again : but that
which is thine"^ with thy brother thine
hand shall release; ^save^when* there
sliall be no poor among you ; for the

/x (Be secured in
His religion by
entingand drink-
ing in His pre-
s- nc, ant thereby
professing that
they belonged to
I/im, and were
His thankful ser-
vants.)

p ...lie shall add
tliereto tlie fifth
part thereof.
Le. 27, 31.

p (But itintoabag
by itself.)

f Hob., asketh of

thee.

o (Tliey were al-
ways to he invited
to these feasts.)

V (As the Levites
had no inherit-
ance,heing wholly
devoted to the
worship of God,
and the study of
the Laio, it be-
anne a bounden
and sacred duly,
on the part of the
other tribes, duly
to render tithes
according to the
Law.)

p (Tills is to be
understood of the
some tithe as ve.
22. This was to be
separated every
year, and for two
years to be eaten
atJerusalem,a7id
in the third year
to be spent upon
the poor in every
town, irhere they
that paid the tithe
lived.)

<T (This tithe, the
Je ws say, was
called the consum-
malinn of tithes,
hica use herein
the love of their
neighbours was
naist eminently
apparent. Pa-
trick. Am. 4, 4.)

? (" The institu-
tion of the Sab-
batical year,"
says Palfrey, "is
here brought to
view in order to
attach to it the
new provision,"
of not enforcing
the payment of
previous debts
during the year.)

T Ileb., master of
the lending of hi*
hand.

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. )

DEUTERONOMY.

f DE. 14, 7.
t 16, 2.

^ (That is, money
lent to rrlieue hin
poverty.)

X (Or, to the end
that there be no
pour among you.)

fji (Or, neverthe-
Us3, (fee, /or God
shall enrich you.)

(Provided that
thou hast obeyed
the voice, lic.
Dathu and Mau-
rer.)

I (According to
the most exact
calculations, Ca-
naan cont'iined
fonrt'en million
niw hundred and
seV'Hty-aix thou-
San*lacrrs,ichich,
divuied a inony sijc
hundred thousand
men, will alloio of
mure than tieen-
tj-iine and a half
acn s to each,
u;ith a remaindrr
of one million
nine hundred and
venty-six thou-
■nd acres for
princes of
rihes, Levitical
ties, lie.)

I Hcb., word.

Hcb, Selial.

(If a debt was
it paid, the crf-
itor ntiijht seize

hrri-dit'iry
indoflh^d'-titor,
ishoiiS'^saniiliis
iTson. .'<ee Lc.
5, 39. .I.)b 24,

2 Ki. 4, 1.
5, 1 — 13.
[at. IS, 2.') ; also
is furniture, I'r.
2,27.;

ie.

(Whether sold
themS'lvs, or
the Court of
idgment for

yrt.)

(Six compute
ttrs frinn th-
tt entering up-
I the Sf^rvice.
lUss the jubiU--
tervened.) Ex.
2. Le. 25,
Je. 34, 14.

Something, the
IS say at lea.it
•ty shfkris of

war, to put him
a way of liv-

239

Lord shall greatly blcsn thee in the
land which the Lokd tliyC.Jod givcth
thee /(V an inheritance to possess it:
^only" if tliou careliiUy hearken unto
the voice of the Lokd thy Ciod, to
observe to do all these command-
ments which I command thee this
day. ^For the Lokd thy (Jod bless-
eth thee, as lie promised thee : and
thou shalt lend unto many nations,
but thou shalt not boiTow ; and thou
shalt reign over many nations, but
they shall not reign over thee.

^ If there be among you a poor
man of one of thy brethren witliin
any of thy gates in thy land" which
the Lord thy (lod giveth thee, thou
shalt not haiden thine heart, nor shut
tliine hand from thy poor brother :
'^ but thou shalt open thine hand wide
unto him, and shalt surely lend him
sutticient for his need, in that which
he wanteth.

^ Beware that there be not a
thought^ in thy wicked^ heart, say-
ing, The seventh year, the year of
release, is at hand ; and thine eye
be evil against thy poor* brother,
and thou givest him nought ; and lie
cry unto the Loan against thee, and
it be sin unto thee. ^*^Thou shalt
surely give him, and thine heart shall
not be grieved when thou givest unto
him : because that for this thing the
Lord thy (iod shall bless thee in all
th}' works, and in all that thou put-
test thine hand unto. ^'For the poor
shall never cease out of the land :
therefore I command thee, saying,
Thou shalt o])en thine hand wide
unto thy brother, to thy poor, and
to thy needy, in thy land.

^^And if thy brother, an Hebrew
man, or an Hebrew woman, be sold*
unto thee, and serve thee six^ years ;
then in the seventh year thou shalt
let him go free from thee. *^And
when thou sendcst him out free from
thee, thou shalt not let him go awav
empty: ** thou sluilt furnish him libe-
rallyi out of thy flock, and out of
thy floor, and out of thy winepress :

of that wherewith the Loku thy God
hath blessed thee thou shalt give unto
him. "^And thou shalt remember''
that thou wast a bondnum in the land
of Egypt, and the L(jki) thy (jod re-
deemed'' thee : therefore 1 command
thee this thing to day.

^*'And it shall be, if he say unto
thee, I will not go away from thee ;
because he loveth thee and thine
house, because he is well with thee ;
^^ then thou shalt take an awl,* and
thrust it through his ear unto the
door, and he shall be thy servant for
ever. And also unto thy maidservant
thou shalt do likewise. ^** It shall
not seem hard unto thee, when thou
sendest him away free from thee ; for
he hath been worth a double hired*
servant tu thee, in serving thee six
years: and the Loud thy God shall
bless thee in all that thou doest.

^•'AU the firstling males that come
of thy herd and of thy flock thou
shalt sanctify' unto the Lord thy
God : thou shalt do no work with
the firstling of thy bullock, nor shear
the firstling of thy sheep. ^Thou
shalt eat* it before the Lord thy God
year by year in the place which the
Lord shall choose, thou and thy
household.' '-^'And if there be a/;_y
blemish therein, as if if be lame," or
blind, or hare any ill blemish, thou
shalt not sacrifice^ it unto the Lord
thy God. ■■^■'^Thou shalt eat it within
thy gates : the unclean and the clean
person shall eat it alike,*^ as the roe-
buck,'' and as the hart. "^''Only thou
shalt not eat the blood thereof; tiiou
shalt pour it upon the ground as
water.

XVI.] *'-Sp?i^J.^- [IGO

The sacred festivals.

OBSERVE the month of Abib,"
and keep the passover unto the
Lord thy God: for in the month of
Abib the Lord thy (Jod In-ought tliee
forth out of Egypt by night.f '■^Thou
shalt therefore sacrifice the passover

V <'li- S, 15, and

10, 12.

r And tlii-y

8|Hjilcd the K-
KyptiiinB. Kx.
12, 3«j. Go. 15,
14.

e (The boring of
the ear was in the
Eiist a Ixulr/r of
servitude, jjruce
in Juvenal (Sat.
i., 102) we mert
with tlirsr words :
Why should I
frar or doubt to
drfitui the place,
though iMfrii upon
thf bonks of the
Euphrates, as the
tendrr perfora-
tions in my ear
evince 7)

s ...TlircT. years,
...tlif yuars of a
liirfling...Is. 16
14.

I ...On tlie eighth
itar thuii shnlt
give it iMc. Ex.
22. ;K), and 34, 19.
(This was wholly
the priejsts'.)

K (The firstling
cows and t wen
W( re to be offered
as peace offer-
ings, in whirh,
though a part
was givin to the
prie.sts,thi y thtm-
.'feli'i'H had a good
share.)

I Ch. 12, 5—7;
14, 2;l; and 16,

11, 14.

K I.e. 22, 20. Ch.
17, 1.

\ (At the sanctu-
ary, but may
eat it at home,
inviting the p<-or,
a«ch. 14, 29.)

fi (If it had br^n
saerijiceil at their
feasts, only the
clean could have
eaten it.)

v Ch. 12, 16, 22.

V (Part of March
ami April.)

t ...A night to be
mnrh oliRorved.
Kx. 12.42. (Ilut
tli'y did not be-
gin thrir march
till thr morriing.)
El. 12, 22.

DE. 16, 3. I

17, 19. r

DEUTERONOMY.

/A.M. 3873.
1 B.C. 1508.

V Nu. 28, 19.

o (Hard and taste-
less.)

X Ex. 12, 3, 10,
and, 34, 25.

JT Or, kiU.

p (It was eaten at
home only at its
jirst institution.
Ex. 12, 3.)

<7 (All other di-
rections hnvin'j
been previously
yiven respecting
the pojisover, it
now remained to
specify the place
where it was to be
celebrated — " the
place," &c. In
this addition too
we see the truth
of the remark
that almost all
the peculiar laws
and additional
enactments in
Deuteronomy re-
fer to the perma-
nent residence in
the land of Ca-
naan.)

T (After the offer-
ing of the evening
sacrifice, they be-
gan to kill the
passover. Ex .
12, 6.)

y Ex. 12, 8, 9.
2 Chr. 35, 13.

^ (They might go
honvi the next
morning aftrr
eating the pass-
over lamb.)

X (An expression
taken from the
temporary abodes
then occupied by
the children of
Israel.)

>li Ileb., restraint.
Le. 23, .36.

u) (Barky. Com-
pare Jos. 3, 15,
and, 5, 10.)

a (This feast was
in remembrance
of the giving of
the law on mount
Sinai. Le. 23,
16.)

/3 Or, suffci'iiry.
( Prnpnrtionably
to their means,
and according to
their sense of
God^s goodness
to them.)

unto the Loun thy God, of the flock
and the herd," in the phice which the
Lord shall choose to place Ilis name
there. ^Thou shalt eat no leavened
bread with it ; seven days shalt thou
eat unleavened bread therewith, eve.n
the bread of atifliction ;" for thou earn-
est forth out of the land of Egypt in
haste :'" that thou inayest remember
the day w^hen thou camest forth out
of the land of Egypt all the days of
thy life. * And there shall be no lea-
vened bread seen with thee in all thy
coast seven days ; neither shall there
any thing of the flesh, which thou
sacrificedst the first day at even, re-
main all night initil the morning.^

^ Thou mayest not sacrifice'^ the
passover within any of thy gates,P
which the Lord thy God givetli
thee : ^ but at the place"^ which the
Lord thy God shall choose to place
His name in, there thou shalt sacri-
fice the passover at even,'^ at the
going down of the sun, at the season
that thou camest forth out of Egypt.
'^And thou shalt roast^ and eat it in
the place which the Lord thy God
shall choose : and thou shalt turn in
the morning, and go'^ unto thy tents.x

^ Six days thou shalt eat unlea-
vened bread : and on the seventh
day shall be a solemn assembly''' to
the Lord thy God : thou shalt do no
work therein.

^ Seven weeks shalt thou number
unto thee : begin to number the seven
weeks from such time as thou begin-
nest to put the sickle to the corn."

^''And thou shalt keep the feast of
weeks'' unto the Lori> thy God with
a tribute^ of a freewill offering of
thine hand, which thou shalt give
unto the Loud thy God, according as
the Lord thy God hath blessed thee :
^^ and thou shalt rejoice before the
Lord thy God, thou, and thy son,
and thy daughter, and thy manser-
vant, and thy maidservant, and the
Levite that is within thy gates, and
the stranger, and the fatherless, and
the widow, that are among you, in

the place w'hich the Lord thy God
hath chosen to place His name there.
^- And thou shalt remember that thou
wast a bondmanv in Eg;)'pt : and thou
shalt observe and do these statutes.

^^ Thou shalt observe the feast of
tabernacles* seven days, after that
thou hast gathered in thy corn^ and
thy wine : ^^ and thou shalt rejoice
in thy feast, thou, and thy son, and
thy daughter, and th}^ manservant,
and thy maidservant, and the Levite,
the stranger, and the fjitherless, and
the widow, that are within thy gates.

^^ Seven days shalt thou keep a
solemn feast unto the Lord thy God
in the place which the Lord shall
choose : because the Lord thy God
shall bless^ thee in all thine increase,
and in all the works of thine hands,
therefore thou shalt sm-ely rejoice.

^^Thi-ee times in a year shall all
thy males appear before the Lord
thy God in the place") which He shall
choose ; in the feast of unleavened
bread, and in the feast of weeks, and
in the feast of tabernacles : and they
shall not appear before the Lord
empty : ^''every man shall give as he
is able,^ according to the blessing of
the Lord thy God which He hath
given' thee.

^^ Judges* and officers^ shalt thou
make thee in all thy gates, which the
Lord thy God giveth thee, through-
out thy tribes : and they shall judge
the people with just judgment. ^''Thou
shalt not wrest- judgment ; thou shalt
not respect persons, neither take a
gift :" for a gift doth blind the eyes
of the wise,** and pervert the words"
of the righteous. ^^^That which is
altogether just^ shalt tliou follow, that
thou mayest live, and inherit the land
which the Lord thy God giveth thee.

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568. Same Place. riAl
Of idolaters. Of a king, ch. xvii. to ve. 14. [_!- " -1

'■^iTHOU shalt not plant thee a
grove" of any trees near unto the
altar of the Lord thy God, which

y (They are often
put in mind of
this, as an argu-
m en tfor kindness
to those in any
vtny dependent on
them.)

S (The reason why
the feast of ta-
bernacles was so

far separated

from the feast of
the passover is to
be fomid in this,
that due time
might be allowed

for gathering in
the fruits of the
earth.)

e Heb., flour, and
thy wine-press.

i (Thankfulness to
God for blessings
bestowed, is the
way to procure
more.)

Y) (" The unity of
sanctuary," says
Uiivernick, "is a
constantly recur-
ring thought in
this book.")

0 Heb., according
to the gift of his
hand. 2 Co. 8, 12.

1 (These three
feasts had refer-
ence to the fruits
of the earth with
vh ich God had
blessed them, and
thirefore it was
reasonable that
the more bounti-
ful God hud been
to them, the more
libirally should
thiy offer their
grateful acknow-
ledgments.)

K (Who decided
causes — justices
of the peace. Ch.
1, 16. 1 Cbr. 23,
4, and, 26, 29.
2 Clir. 19, 5, 8.)

A (Who executed
the orders of the
judges , in the
courts, in the
streets, and in
the markets.)

z Ex. 2.3, 2, 6.
Le. 19, 15.

a Ex. 23, 8. Pr.
17, 23. Ec. 7, 7.

jA (Who would
otherioist be just.)

V Or, matters.
f licb., justice,

justice.
0 ( These graves in

siuw way related

l„ idohilry.)

240

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. ]■

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. IC, 3.
I 17, 19.

ir Or, ilalue ; or,
pillar.

p Or, goat.

I <r (Lit., an;/ evil
thing, i. c, di-

aeaaetl.)

S (Ifaving shewn,

cli. 13, 1, 9,

how they were

to proceetl loith

those who ' se-

dH.-eti ot/urs, and

.0. 12 an<l 13,

what should he

|L(/'«e to a whole

Ir cit'i, 3fose.i now

I tells what ii'ns to

be done in the cast

of a particular

\ person.)

TliouslmUlmvc
i.tlierj,""lsbe-
jfon- Mo. K.x. 20,
Is. Jo.s.7, 11. niul
123, IG. 2 Ki. 18,
112. Ho. 8, 1.

I (They were not
nto proceed upon
Jgrumours, nor i/et
I alight them.)

hnw much
ptinisli-
, suppose
'e, shall he l)e
|hoti(;ht worthy,
fho li.ath troil-
|on under foot
le Son of (ind,
,and hath done
lespite unto the
[plrit of grace ?
le. 10, 29.

f/n the courts of
Mice in their
[liM. 2 Chr. 19,
Hag. 2, 11.
ltd. 2, 7.)

1(1. Piihlic in-
tries; 2. Civil
fits; and, 3. IVr-

1 wr'^ngs.)

|(That is, the
ghest magis-
ate in the who>e
not the
ynicipal judges
Htioned cli. 16,
According to
\Jevis,theSan-
Hm.)

thou slialt make thee. ^^ Neither
shalt thou .«ict thee up am/ image ;"■
which the Loitu tliy CJod liateth.
^ Thou shalt not sacrifice unto the

VAriT "1 ^-'^''"'^ ^'^y ^'^^^ "'^U hullock,
H.J Qr shct'|),P wherein is blem-
ish, or any cvilfavouredness :<^ for that
is an abomination unto the Loud thy
Cod.

-' If there be found among you,
within any^ of thy gates which the
Lord thy God givetli thee, man or
woman, that hath wrought wicked-
ness ill the sight of the Lokd thy
God, in transgressing His covenant,*
^and hath gone and served other gods,
and worshipped them, either the sun,
or moon, or any of the host of hea-
ven, which I have not commanded ;
^and it be told thee, and thou hast
heard of if, and enquired diligently,
and, behold, it be true, and the thing
certain,'' that such abomination is
wrouglit in Israel : ^tlien shalt thou
bring forth that man or that woman,
which have committed that wicked
thing, unto thy gates, even that man
or that woman, and slialt stone them
with stones, till tliey die. ^At the
mouth of two witnesses, or three
witnesses, shall he that is worthy of
death be put to death ; but at the
mouth of one witness he shall not be
put to death. ^ The hands of the
witnesses shall be first upon him to
put him to deatli, and afterward the
hands of all the people.'' So thou
shalt put the evil away from among
you.

^If there arise a matter too hard
for thee in judgment," between blood
and blood, between plea and plea,
and between stroke and stroke, being
matters of controversy* within thy
gates : then shalt thou arise, and get
thee up into the place which the Loud
thy God sliall choose; ^and thou slialt
come unto the priests the Lcvites,
and unto the judged that shall be in
those days, and enquire ; and they
shall .shew thee the sentence of judg-

ment : *°and thou shalt do"'' accord-
ing to the sentence, which tliey of
that place which the Loud shall
choose shall shew thee ; and thou
shalt observe to do according to all
that they inform thee: ^'according
to the sentence of the law which they
shall teach thee, and according to the
judgment which they shall tell thee,
thou shalt do: thou shalt not decline*"
fi'om the sentence which they shall
shew thee, to the right hand, nor to
the left.

'-And the man that will do pre-
sumptuously, and will not hearken'*
unto the priest that standeth to minis-
ter there before the Loud thy God,
or unto tlie judge, even that man
shall die : and thou shalt put away
the evil from Israel. '-^And all the
people shall hear, and fear, and do
no more presumptuously.

'^ When thou art come unto the
land which the Loud thy God giveth
thee, and shalt possess it, and shalt
dwell therein, and shalt. say, I will
set a king^ over me, like as all the
nations that are about me ; ^^ thou
shalt in any wise set him king over
thee, whom the Loud thy God sliall
choose: one from among thy brethren
slialt thou set king over thee : thou
mayest not set a stranger over thee,
which is not thy brother.

'*^But he shall not multijily horsesY
to himself, nor cause the people to
return to I'^gypt, to the end that he
should multiply horses: forasmuch as
llic Loud hath said iinto you. Ye
sliall henceforth return no more that
way. " Neither shall he multiply
wives'' to himself, that his heart turn
not away : neither shall he giTatly
multiply to himself silver and gold.

'^And it shall be, when he sitteth
upon the throne of his kingdom, that
he shall write him a copy of this* law
in a book out of ifiat which is before
the priests the Levites: ^"and it shall
be wnth him, and he shall read therein
all the davs of his life :' that he ir.av

1^ (Oliey whal»o-
ever sentence the
court shall give.)

CO C-l Ithough you
ni/i.'/ th ink iJie de-
cision wrong, you
must act OH their
interpretation of
Die law.)

a. llcb., not to
hearken, (guilty
of cuntumiiry to-
wards Hut highest
ligal authority,
in whomsoever it
might be at tlie
lime vested.)

/3 (" The Penta-
teuch," says
//•ngstetibc rg,
" is so far from
consiilfring the
regal gvernment
as a necessary
eril, that it looks
upon its establish-
ment as an in-
tviloble fact of
the national des-
tinies, as the goal
to wh ich its whole
development
tended:')

y (That \», He
sha'hi itcst.ibii.'ih
a bo Ig of cavalry,
beeatue this cm Id
not be effects d
uilhnut Sending
into Egypt. With
I 'lis p'r.ji'e the
L.,l ho,l/,„l,id-
(/• ;( any ciiiviu-
nication, as all
foreign commerce
woubl prove most
dangerous to trtie
rligii'n. War-
burton. 1 Ki. 10,
28, 29. 2 Chr.
12, 2, 3.)

<n Ki. 11, 3, 4.

« C77e vhole low
with his oun
hand, as * mentis
to f.c it in his
mini.) Cli. 31,
9, liti.

e (That t':ii uxs
III! rly iirg'eeled,
miy h' iiiffrr'd
iri'm Ililhai,, in
the days of Jo-
si'ih, jin ling n
e<'i".l"f) thelKKik
of tlie taw in the
liou«o of tlic
l,(ii:i>...andSha-
phaii TvaA it be-
fore the king...
and he rent his
riothea. 2 Ki.
22, a

2 1

DE. 17, 20. 1

19, 21. ;

DEUTERONOMY.

i A.M. 3873.
I B.C. 1568.

/Xu. 18, 20, ami
26,62. Ch.lO, 9.

g ....They which
wait at the altar
are partakers
with tiie alt;ir.
1 Co. 9, 13. Nu.
18, S, 9.

h Le. 7, 30-34.

^ (The text cannot
be understood of
sacrifices, as our
version renders it,
bift must be trans-
lated thus, " from
the people that
kill, i. e., for
common use, any
beast, whether it
be ox or sheep,"
itc; awl the con-
stant sense of the
Jews, as well as
their practice, is
a'jreeable hereto.
Prideaux.)

t; (It would seem
that this due was
given on the occa-
sion 0/ every fes-
tival. Josephus
says, "If any stay
beasts at home for
a private festival,
but not for a re-
ligious one, they
are obliged to
bring the maw, &
the cheek, and thu
right shoulder of
the sacrifice to the
priests")

6 (In David's time
they were divid'.d
into twenty -four
courses.)

I (Desiring to ad-
dict himself con-
stantly to the ser-
vice of God. So
Samuel, 1 Sa. 1,
28.)

K ("Lit., portion as
portion, i.e, as
Gesenius says,
" like or equal
portions" So
Saadias. Th'y
shall divi^le a-
mong themselves
equal portions.)

X Ileh., his sales
by the fathers.
(They shall have
equal portions,
besides his pro-
perty from his
falhrs, 1. e., by
inheritance.
Maurei'.)

learn to fear tlic Lord liIs God, to
keep all the words of this law and
these statutes, to do them: ^^that
his heart be not lifted up above his
brethren, and that he turn not aside
from the commandment, to the right
hand, or to the left :" to the end that
he may prolong Ids days in his king-
dom, he, and his children, in the midst
of Israel.

XVIII.] ■^•^•Sp?fcr'- [162

Of the support of the priests, d:c.
The future Prophet, ve. 15.

THE priests the Levites, and all
the tribe of Levi, shall have no
part/ nor inheritance with Israel :
they shall eat^ the offerings of the
Lord made by fire, and His inherit-
ance. ^Therefore shall they have
no inheritance among their brethren:
the Loud is their inheritance, as He
hath said unto them.

^ And this shall be the priest's* due
from the people, from them that offer
a sacrifice,^ whether it be ox or sheep;
and they shall give'' unto the priest
the shoulder, and the two cheeks,
and the maw. ^ The firstfruit also
of thy corn, of thy wine, and of thine
oil, and the first of the fleece of thy
sheep, shalt thou give him. ^ For
the Lord thy God hath chosen him
out of all thy tribes, to stand to
minister in the name of the Lord,
hiin and his sons^ for ever.

''And if a Levite come from any
of thy gates out of all Israel, where
he sojourned, and come with all the
desire of his mind unto the place
which the Lord shall choose ;■• ^then
he shall minister in the name of the
Lord his God, as all his brethren
the Levites do. which stand there
before the Lord. ^ They shall have
like" portions to eat, beside that which
coineth of the sale of his patrimony.^

^ When thou art come into the
land which the Lord thy God givetli
thee, thou shalt not learn to do aftiu-
the abominations of those nations.

^^ There shall not be found among
you any one that maketh his son or
his daughter to pass through the fire,'
or that useth divination,'^ or an ob-
server of times, or an enchanter, or
a witch," ^^ or a charmer,^ or a con-
suiter with familiar spirits, or a wiz-
ard," or a necromancer. ^'-^ For all
that do these things are an abomina-
tion unto the Lord : and because of
these abominations the Lord thy God
doth drive them out from before thee.
^^ Thou shalt be perfect '^ with the
Lord thy God. ^'*For these nations,
which thou shalt possess,? hearkened
unto observers of times, and unto
diviners : but as for thee, the Lord
thy God hath not suffered thee so to
do.

^^The Lord thy God will raise up
unto thee a Prophef^ from the midst
of thee, of thy brethren, like unto
me ;' unto Him ye shall hearken ;
^^ according to all that thou desiredst
of the Lord thy God in Horeb in
the day of the assembly, saying. Let
me not hear again the voice of the
Lord my Gcd, neither let me see
this great fire any more, that I die
not. ^'^And the Lord said unto me.
They have well spoken that which
they have spoken. ^^ I will raise
them up a Prophet from among their
brethren, like unto thee, and will put
My words in His mouth ; and He
shall speak unto them all that I shall
command Him. ^^And it shall come
to pass, that whosoever will not hear-
ken unto iMy words which He shall
speak in My name, I will require it
of him.

2^ But the prophet, which shall pre-
sume to speak a word in My name,
which I have not commanded him
to speak, or that shall speak in the
name of other gods, even that pro-
phet shall die.

^^And if thou say in thine heart.
How shall we know the word which
the Lord hath not spoken? 2- When
a prophet speaketh in the name of

i Le. 18, 21. Ch.
12, 31.

/a (Of which there
were numy sorts)
I.e. 19, 26, and
20, 27. Is. 8, 19.

u (One that pre-
t''mled to do mis-
chief to men or
leasts by evil
arts.)

f (By means of

particular
words.)

o (A cujining or
wisr man. Per-
haps one who in-
terpreted naturai.
events in an un-
lawful manner.)

7r Or, upright ;
or, sincere, Ge.

17, 1.

p Or, itiherit.

<T (" Moses has
preserved to us,"
snys Lampe, "not
only what in Pa-
radise, and afler-
tvards, & through
the Pentateuch,
had been told
about the Se-
deemcr ; but he
himself, under
divine inspira-
tion, has prophe-
sied of Him, es-
pecially in De.

18, 15—18." To
this prophecy of
Himself our Lord
referred, J no. 5,
45—47.)

s (As fully equal
to the more diffi-
cult task of the
future, as Moses
was for that in
Aw day. " The
greater the work
of the future,"
says Hengsten-
hirg, "the mare
necessary is it
that the Prophet
of the future, in
order to he like
unloMose.<>,should
in /lis whole in-
dividuality, and
in all His gifts,
he fir superior
to him. Comp.
lie. 3, 6.;

212

A.M. :?873. 1
B.C. 1508.)

DEUTERONOMY.

/ BE. 17, 20.
( 19,21.

v prophets,

■iijh their

' tions miijht

to a far

lit prriixl,

"">>!/ !/"'■'

tiijn of the

' here rrfer-

■'<. Mnny of

prophecies

'It immediate

■ a fulfil-

■-)

I li.'M said the
l>r..,,lu-t .T.T,-
I imIi iintollana-

. ...TluLujtn
'i nut sent
;...tliis war
th 11 slialt 'die,
bt'oaiLSf tliiiu
liast tAUKlit ri'-
Ix'llion against
tlio Lord." So

Ilaiiaiiiali

di.d Jo. 28,

15-17.

V Heb., inherilest ;
or, poasessest.

^ (Only nueh, not
those, who out of
malice or hatred
killed (mother J'oi
they iDere to be
taken from the
oilar, Ex.21,14;
they might hr
put to death thi re,
Jo4ih was, 1
Ki. 2, 28.)

\\v\^., from ye.i-
t-nlay, the third

;- II. 1)., ,>.«.

, lli-b., i/-.x«/.

, Hvb., Jiiideth.

1 (Because he Li
nM wcountabte if
that which he in-
tewled not hap-
p-^iis, when he is
eninijrd iitalaw-
\ful business.)

Heb., smite him
in life, (li'fnre
he has ejcamincd.)

Heb., /rnm y s-
terday, the third
day. (Which in
the excited slate
of his feelinijs,
Ute avenger of
hlood might nil
consid r.iir might
1 miliciousl'/
shut his eyes to.)

the, LoKO, if the thing follow iidI,
nor con\e to pass, that is the thing
which the Loicu hath not spoken, but
the ijrophef^ hath spol^en it presump-
tuously :* thou shult not be aiVaid of
him.

XIX.] ^^Sr^^i^- [103

Of asylums, boundaries, and
witnesses.

WHEN the Loun thy God hatli
cut oft' the nations, whose land
the LoKD thy God giveth thee, and
thou succeedest" them, and dwellest
in their cities, and in their houses ;
- thou shalt separate three cities for
thee in the midst of thy land, which
the LoKD thy God giveth thee to pos-
sess it. ^ Thou shalt prepare thee a
way, and divide the coasts of tliy land,
which the Loud thy God giveth thee
to inherit, into three parts, that every
slayer may flee thither.

*(And this is the case of the slayer,
which shall flee thither, that he may
live : Whoso killeth his neighbour
ignorantly,* whom he hated not in
time past ;x ^ as when a man goeth
into the wood with his neighliour to
hew wood, and his hand fetchetli a
stroke with the ax to cut down the
ti'ce, and the head'^ slippeth from the
helve," and lightcth" upon his neigh-
bour, that he die ; he shall flee unto
one of those cities, and live :^) *' lest
the avenger of the blood pursue the
slayer, while his heart is hot, and
overtake him, because the way is
long, and slay'y him ; whereas he iras
not worthy of death, inasmuch as he
hated him not in time past.* ^ Where-
fore I command thee, saying. Thou
shalt separate three cities for thee.

^And if the Loud thy God eidarge
thy coast, as He hath sworn unto thv
fathers, and give thee all the land
which He promised to give unto tliy
fathers ; "'' if thou shalt keep all these
connuandments to do them, which I
command thee this day, to love the
Lord thy God, and to walk ever in

His ways; then shalt thou add three
cities more' for tliee, beside these
three: *'' that innocent^ blood be not
slied in thy land, which the l^oni)
thy God giveth thee for an inherit-
ance, and so blood be upon thee.

^'liut if any man hate his neigh-
bour, and lie in wj;it for him, and
rise up against him, and smite him
mortally'' that he die, and fleeth into
one of these cities: '-then the elders
of his city shall send and fetch him
thence, and deliver him into the hand
of the avenger of blood, that he may
die. '"^Thine eye shall not pity' him,
but thou shalt put away t/ie guilt of
innocent blood from Israel, that it
may go well with thee.

^'*Thou shalt not remove thy neigh-
bour's landmark,^ which they of old
time have set in thine inheritance,
which thou shalt inherit in the land
that the Lord thy God giveth thee
to possess it.

'^ One witness shall not rise up
against a man for any iniquity, or
for any sin, in any sin that he sin-
neth : at the mouth of two witnesses,
or at the mouth of three witnesses,
shall the matter be established.'

'^If a false witness rise up against
any man to testify against him t/iat
wliich is wrong ;* '^ then both the
men, between whom the controversy
/5, shall stand before the Lokd, be-
fore the priests and the judges, which
shall be in those days ; **' and the
judges shall make diligent^ inquisi-
tion : and, behold, //' the witness bo
a false witness, and hath testified
falsely against his brother; '"then
shall ye do unto him, as"* he had
thought to have done unto his bro-
ther : so shalt thou put the evil away
from among you. -"And those which
remain shall hear, and fear, and shall
henceforth commit no more any such
evil among you. "•''And thine eye
shall not pity ;** but life shall go for
life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand
for liand, foot for foot."

« C-'ij; cities in all
were to be set
apart as cities of
refv'je, Nu. 86,
14. Three cities
had been set
apart. Do. 4,41;
the remaining
thrie were still to
be. chosen. These
cities loere ninrty
equi-dlstinlfrom
each other, it oc-
cipieil v^ry cn,:-
spicuoiis silHo-
tions.) Jo.s. 20,
7,8.

i (Though the law
dill no! punish an
avingt r who slew
a in/ti, who tons
not blnincworthy,
yet he was he.Ul
guilt;/ before
God.)

7) I lob., in life.
y.x. 21, 12. Nil.
.%, Ifi. Ch. 27,
24. Fr. 28, 17.

iNu.. 35,31. Ch.
21, 9. 1 Ki. 2,
31.

0 (Josrphiis ob-
serves, " Ihry that
remenie the bounds
of Itinds, are not
Very far from
subverting all
laws." Ch. 27,
17. .Job. 24. 2.
I'r. 22, 28. Uos.

5, 10.;

1 (F>r an imiuisi-
tion into the fact
one was tnough,
hut not for tlir,
condemnation of
the accused. Nil.
&% .30. Ch. 17,

6. Mat. 18, 10.
Jiio. 8, 17. 2
Co. 13, 1. 1 Ti.
5, 19. He. 10,
28.)

«t Or J'alling away.

\ (For it was not
easy to prove a
man to tie a false
witness.)

m Da. G, 24.

^i(The

■<r1j

haV

not, I

■ m-

,)'7<S(.

U Jh

.1.

lOte

1','- ;

,.nt.

l;,t 7,1

, ;,

III

tual

to 1'.'

the

iriliir.

5 'i

it'

uUd

to anc

titer

■)

V ( Qmt

«,«

oh-

the

!his

.Mat. 5, :i8, 40.

243

DE. 20, 1. I
3.1

21, 23.

DEUTERONOMY.

A.M. 3873.
B.C. 1568.

f (The armies of
the Israelites con-
sisted of men
takfn from the
plough and aheep-
foldi.)

o (As there couVl
be no want of
men, in a country
where every man
was liable to
serve, th« Jews
ol'viys se>:m to
have interpreted
the folUiwing ex-
emptions in the
largest possible
serise.)

n Heb^ be tender.

p Vle\>.,make haste.
(Tha.tis, through
fear run away.)

IT (Hath not yet
dwelt in it, the
word here does
not denote any
consecration.
Ne. 12, 27. Ps.
30, title.)

T Heb., made it
common. Le. 19,
23—25. Ch. 28,
30. (This, there-
fore, would be a
ground for ex-
emptionfrom mi-
litary service for
five years.)

V (Bishop Patrick
S'lys, " This is
a law of great
equity, founded
in nature, that
conjugal love
should not be dis-
turbed." The uti-
lity of these ex-
emptions must be
apparentj'or men
tiilcen from that
vjhich they were
prKjiaring to en-
Joy, would not be
nicely to serve
very cheerfully.)

/plleh., melt. (The
cowardice of some
might enfeeble th"
rest. Of Gideon's
army of thirty-
two thousand,
there returned
twenty-two thou-
sand. Ju. 7, 3.)

X Ileb., to be in
(at) the hecul of
the people.

<l/ (In ve. 10—15,
we have the regu-
lar war-law; in
ve. 16—18, the
exception.)

XX.]

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568.
S.\ME Place.
Uf warfare.

[164

WHEN thou goest out to battle
against thine eneinies, and
seest horses,^ and chariots, and a peo-
ple more than thou, be not afraid of
them : for the Loud thy God is with
thee, which brought thee up out of
the land of Egypt.

^ And it shall be, when ye are come
nigh unto the battle, that the priest
shall approach and speak" unto the
people, ^and shall say unto them,
Hear, 0 Israel, ye approach this day
unto battle against your enemies : let
not your hearts faint,"^ fear not, and
do not tremble,P neither be ye terrified
because of them ; ^for the Lord your
God ts He that goeth with you, to
fight for you against your enemies,
to save you.

^And the ofiicers shall speak unto
the people, saying. What man is
there that hath built a new house,
and hath not dedicated"^ it? let him
go and return to his house, lest he
die in the battle, and another man
dedicate it. ^And what man is he
that hath planted a vineyard, and
hath not yet eaten'^ of it? let him
also go and return unto his house,
lest he die in the battle, and another
man eat of it. '''And what man is
there that hath betrothed a wife,'' and
hath not taken her ? let him go and
return unto his house, lest he die in
the battle, and another man talce her.

^And the officers shall speak fur-
ther unto the people, and they shall
say, AYhat man is there that is fear-
ful and fainthearted? let him go and
return unto his house, lest his breth-
ren's heart fainf^ as well as his heart.

^And it shall be, when the officers
have made an end of speaking unto
the people, that they shall make
captains of the armies to lead^ the
people.

^^When thou comest nigh unto a
city to fight against it, tlien proclaim"^

peace unto it. ^^And it shall be, if
it make thee answer of peace, and
open unto thee, then it shall be, that
all the people that is found therein
shall be tributaries" unto thee, and
they shall serve thee. ^'^And if it
will make no peace with thee, but
will make war against thee, then
thou shalt besiege it : ^^and when the
Lord thy God hath delivered it into
thine hands, thou shalt smite" every
male thereof with the edge of the
sword : ^'^but the women, and the
little ones, and the cattle, and all
that is in the city, even all the spoil
thereof shalt thou take^ unto thyself ;
and thou shalt eat the spoil of thine
enemies, which the Lord thy God
hath given thee.

^^Thus shalt thou do unto all the
cities which are very far oft' from
thee, which are not of the cities of
these nations, ^''jjut of the cities of
these people, which the Lord thy
God doth give thee for an inherit-
ance, thou shalt save alive nothing
that breatheth : ^''but thou shalt ut-
terlyy destroy them ; namely, the
Hittites, and the Amorites, the Ca-
naanites, and the Perizzites, the
Hivites, and the Jebusites ; as the
Lord thy God hath connnandcd thee:
^^that they teach you not to do after
all their abominations,* which they
have done unto their gods ; so should
ye sin against the Lord your God.

^^When thou shalt besiege a city
a long time, in making war against
it to take it, thou shalt not destroy
the trees thereof by forcing an ax
against them : for thou mayest eat of
them, and thou shalt not cut them
down (for the tree* of the field^ is
man's lifej to employ'' them in the
siege : '''^only the trees which thou
kno\\-est that they be not trees for
meat, thou shalt destroy and cut
them down ; and thou slialt build
bulwarks against the city that niak-
eth war with thee, until it be sub-
dued.^

u (Not slaves, but
payers of a year-
ly trionte, and
live in subjection ;
th'ir renuncia-
tion of idoltitry
being implied.)

a (Because they
obstinately reject-
ed these three
conditions.)

P Heb., spoil.

y (It will be im-
possible to prove
that it was con-
trary to God's
moral justice, to
exterminate so
wicked a people.
He made the Is-
raelites the exe-
cutors of His
vengeance, and in
doing this. He
gave such evident
and terriblepronf
of His abomina-
tion of vice, as
could not Jail to
strike the sur-
rounding nations
with astonish-
ment and terror.
Bishop Watson,
Pic. Bib.)

S (See Le. 18, 28,
wh ich implies
that the vices of
the inhabitants
tvere so abomina-
ble, that the very
land was sick of
them, and forced
to vomit them
forth, as the sto-
mach disgorges
deadly poison.)

e (Kennicott re-
marks on th is ve.,
"obscure and pro-
bably r.rr„i„:'
Tlure »/v muny
interprctilions
givrn of it. As
the ivord life is
7iot in the Hebrew,
the simplest way
is to leave it out,
andtonnderstand
the sense to be,
that fruit trees
are the property
of man, besieged
(t h'siegtrs alike,
& therefore must
not be destroyed.)

f Or, for, 0 man,
the tree of the
Jield is to be em-
ployed in the
siege. (The sense
supported by the
Septuagint, C'hnl-
dee, Vulgate, Jo-
sephus ami Philo
is, " Is the tree of
the field a man to
go before thee in
the siege f)

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. 20, 1.
I 21, 23.

») lh'b,to go from
Ix/ore thee.

9 Hob., i< come
dnwH.

I (Unphuijhed.)

K (Dr. Kilto re-
niiirks, '• 2Vif so-
li inniti/ of the
C'-irmoiii'-s wits
(ulmirahlii calcu-
lated to impress
the miwl.i of the
propleofthe.East,
where, in g'uerni,
the waste of hu-
fwin life is ri-
ganle/l with f/rt-nt
ai„l ru/pihie iit-
dij'-:rencc.")

K Hcb., mouth.
Ch. 17,8, 9.

|u (All matters of
this nature.)

\ ( The Hi' hn'w .91//-
j iiijies also a tor-
t. Perhaps a
I vallry icilh a

briHik was chn-
\s'i,.) I's. 19, 12,

27, 24.

Ileb., in
midst. Jon.
14.

( Thf puhlicHy of
Ih'-tr proceeiliiigs
'jccit'd eni/uiri/,
jnd was a pio-
'Mthle mrans of

'iscoverinrj th--
nurdi-rer. Th-
fwners of the
ironnd too wre
itimulateA to di-

•/' ncf, as the
Aace was nevrr
be pUmtjhril

or sown h-rre-
tfler.)

Fall so passion-
tely in love with
er,astod''sirr to
rry her,thnuijh
•.of another na-
n and reli-
■)

165

Y\'T 1 A.M.3873. n.o.l568.

Of uncertain murder. Captives, ve.

IF one be found slain in tlie land
which the Loud thy («od giveth
thee to possess it, lying in the field,
and it bo not known who hath slain
him : -then thy elders and thy judges
shall come forth, and they shall mea-
sure unto the cities which ai'c round
about him that is slain: "^and it shall
be, that the city which is next unto
the slain man, even the elders of that
city shall take an heifer, Avhich hath
not been wrought with, and which
hath not drawn in the yoke; ^and
the elders of that city shall bring
down the heifer unto a I'ough valley,
which is neither eared' nor sown, and
shall strike off the heifer's neck there
in the valley : ^and the priests of the
sons of Levi shall come near ;* for
them the Lord thy God hath clioscn
to minister unto Him, and to bless in
the name of the Louo ; and by their
word"^ shall every controversy and
every'^ stroke be tried: ''and all the
elders of that city, that are next unto
the slain man, shall wash their liands
over the heifer that is beheaded in
the valley :" '^aiul they shall answer
and say, Our hands have not shed
this blood, neither have our eyes seen
it. ^Be merciful, 0 Lord unto Thy
people Israel, whom Thou hast re-
deemed, and lay not innocent blood
unto^ Thy people of Israel's charge."
And the blood shall be forgiven them.
"So shalt thou put away the guilt of
innocent blood from among you, when
thou shalt do that which is right in
the sight of the Lord.

^''When thou goest forth to war
against thine enemies, and the Lord
thy God hath delivered them into
thine hands, and thou hast taken them
captive, ^'and seest among the cap-
tives a beautiful woman, and hast a
desire'' unto her, that thou wouldest
have her to thy wife; *-then thou
shalt bring her home to thine house ;
and she shall shave her head, and

pare/* her nails ;^ '•'and she .shall put
the raiment of her captivity from olf
her, and shall remain in thine house,
and bewail her father and her mother
a full month : and aftcr"^ that thou
shalt go in unto her, and be her hus-
band, and she shall be thy wife.
"And it .shall be, if thou have no
delight in her, then thou shalt let
her go whither she will ; but thou
shalt not sell her at all for money,
thou shalt not make merchandise of
her, because thou hast humbled her.
'''If a man have two wives, one
beloved, and another hated,'' and tliey
have born him cliildren, both tlie be-
loved and the hated; and if the first-
born son be hcr's that was hated :
""then it shall be, when he niaketh
his sons to inherit that which he hatli,
that he may not make the son of the
beloved firstborn before the son of the
hated, which is indeed the firstborn :
'^ but he shall acknowledge the son
of the hated for the firstborn :" by
giving him a double portion of all
that he hath •.'f' for he is the begin-
ning" of his strength ; the right'' of
the firstborn is his.x

'^If a man have a stubborn and
rebellious son, which will not obey
the voice of his father, or the voice
of his mother, and that, when they
have chastened him, will not hearken
unto them : '^then shall his father
and his mother'^ lay hold on him, and
bring him out unto the elders of his
city, and unto the gate of his place ;
'■^•^and they shall say unto the elders
of his city, This our son is stubborn
and rebellious, he will not obey our
voice ; he is a glutton, and a drunkard.
'•^'And all the men of his city shall
stone him with stones that he die :
so shalt thou put evil away from
among \ ou ; and all Israel shall hear
and fear.

■^-And if a man have committed a
sin worthy of death, and he be to be
put to death, and thou hang him on
a tree : '-'^his bodv shall not remain

p Or, suffer to
grow, llfb.,
Jill ike ; or, dress.
(The Ihhrew,
prrhaps, includes
thr ilea of lir-iu-
tiflling, tinging.
Si.c 2 Sa. lit, 24.
M-philwsheth
hud not viaite his
fei I, nor made
his beard.)

? (To purify and
cti'anse her, as it
were, and Jit her
to become his
wife. Sco I's.
46, 10.)

IT (This delay was
merciful and kind
to the captive, and
gave time for se-
rious deliberation
to lite man.)

T (That is, less
loved. Go. 29,
31. Mat. 6, 24.)

V (The contrary
hail been the prac-
tice. See 1 Cbr.
5, 2, and 26, 10.
2Chr.ll,19,22.)

(^ Ileh., thai is
found with him,

oGe. 49, 3.

p Cic. 25, 31.

X (Such a law as
tlie present seems
a necessary re-
sult of polygamy,
and very rxpres-
sivly ptants out
one of the evils of
a practice which
the law of Mu-
ses seems rather
to have toU ratett
than approved.
Pic. Bib.)

1^ (Tlie charge a-
gainst an incor-
rigible son must
be mniU by liolh
parent-n ; hence a
weak father cnuld
not do injustice to
the chilli rm of one
of his wivs, at
the instigation of
another.)

243

DE. 22, 1. I
23, 13. )

DEUTERONOMY.

( A.M. 3873.
\ B.C. 1568.

u (The cursf. upon
the Tnan who was
hanged ended at
the. going down of
the sun.)

a Heb., the curse
of God. See Nu.
25,4. 2Sa.21,6.
(That is, under
the curse of God,
because of his
sin.)

p (St. Paul, Ga.
3, 13, quotes this
verse thtis : —
"Cursed isevery
one that hangeth
on a tree ;" pnr-
tialbj following
the Septungint.)

y (As our blessed
Saviour, while
He hung upon the
cross, was made
a curse, so, when
He was taken
down and buried,
both He ceased
to be a curse, and
all they that are
His. J. Coch.)

S (Any man that
lives among you.
Ex. 23, 4.)

e (Pass them by
with neglect, or
pretend you do
not see them.)

i (This law was
enarteA, not only
to prohibit an in-
centive to immo-
rality, but also,
most probably, be-
cause the practice
denounced was
common in the li-
centious forms of
idolatrous wor-
ship) 1 Co. 11,
4—13.

») (This law was
designed to pro-
mote a compas-
sionate spirit ; (t
also, in a Innd
producing snakes,
locusts and scor-
pions, it was par-
ticularly undesir-
able that birds
which fed on them
should be extir-
pated.)

0 (Another in-
stance of the care-
ful consid'.ration
for human life, so
characteristic of
the Mosaic law.)

t (ilichaelis thinks
that this law was
fitted to secure
the best ijualities
of agricultural
produce.)

K Heb., fulness of
thy seed.

246

all night upon the tree, but thou
shalt iu any vvi.se bury him that day ;"
(for he that is hanged is accursed*' of
God f) that thy land be not defiled,T
which the Lord thy God giveth thee
for an inheritance.

XXII.]

A.M. 3873. B.C. 1568.
Same Place.
SuTidry social matters.

[166

THOU shalt not see thy brother's^
ox or his sheep go astray, and
hide* thyself from them : thou shalt
in any case bring them again unto
thy brother, ^^n^ if t^y brother be
not nigh unto thee, or if thou know
him not, then thou shalt bring it
unto thine own house, and it shall be
with thee until thy brother seek after
it, and thou shalt restore it to him
again. ^In like manner shalt thou
do with his ass ; and so shalt thou do
with his raiment ; and with all lost
thing of thy brother's, which he hath
lost, and thou hast found, shalt thou
do likewise ; thou mayest not hide
thyself.

*Thou shalt not see thy brother's
ass or his ox fall down by the way,
and hide thyself from them : thou
shalt surely help him to lift them uj)
again.

^The woman shall not wear that
which pertaineth unto a man, neither
shall a man put on a woman's gar-
ment :^ for all that do so are abomi-
nation unto the Lord thy God.

^If a bird's nest chance to be be-
fore thee in the way in any tree, or
on the ground, whether they be young
ones, or eggs, and the dam sitting
upon the young, or upon the eggs,
tliou shalt not take the dam with the
young: '^but thou shalt in any wise
let the dam go, and take the young
to thee ; that it may be well'' with
thee, and that thou mayest prolong
thy days.

^When thou buildest a new house,
then thou shalt make a battlement^

for thy roof, that thou bring not blood
upon thine house, if any man fall
from thence.

^ Thou shalt not sow thy vineyard
with divers'- seeds : lest the fruit" of
thy seed which thou hast sown, and
the fruit of thy vineyard, be defiled,''^

^^ Thou shalt not plow with an ox
and an ass together.*^

^1 Thou shalt not wear a garment
of divers" sorts, as of woollen and
linen together. ^^Thou shalt make
thee fringes^ upon the four quarters"
of thy vesture, wherewith thou cover-
est thyself.

^^If any man take a wife, and go
in unto her, and hate her, ^^and give
occasions of speech against her, and
bring up an evil name'^ upon her, and
say, I took this woman, and when I
came to her, I found her not a maid :
^^then shall the father of the damsel,
and her mother, take and bring forth
the tokensP of the damsel's virginity
unto the elders of the city in the
gate: ^^and the damsel's father shall
say unto the elders, I gave my daugh-
ter unto this man to wife, and he
hateth her; ^''and, lo, he hath given
occasions of speech against her., say-
ing, I found not thy daughter a maid ;
and yet these are the tokens of my
daughter's virginity. And they shall
spread the cloth before the elders of
the city. ^^And the elders of that
city shall take that man and chastise""
him ; ^'^ and they shall amerce him
in an hundred'^ shekels of silver, and
give them unto the father of the dam-
sel, because he hath brought up an
ev'.l name upon a virgin of Israel :
and she shall be his wife ; he may
not put her away all his days.

''''^J3ut if this thing be true, and
the tokens of virginity be not found
for the damsel : ^^ then they shall
bring out the damsel to the door
of her father's house, and the men
of her city shall stone" her with
stones that she die : because she hath

\ (Unfit for pre-
sentation to God,
anil therefore un-
clean to them.)

II. (The ass is lower
than the ox, his
steps unequal, &
his strength infe-
rior ; he is spirit-
ed and refrac-
tory, while the ox
is tractable and
pa tient,an'I, being
so diverse, any
joining together
'is]riinfultnl,olh.
Le. 19, 19. 2 Co.
6, 14. )

i> (Thou shalt not
wear Shnatnez,
woollen and linen
togeth''r. The

etymology of the
ivord 1.3'CV'D is
obscure. Jablon-
ski, Fiirst, and
Roediger consider
it as being of
Egyptian origin.)

I (Tie strings or
ribbons.)

o Heb., wings.
(Corners of the
coverlet or bed
rag.)

n C.4rt actitm a-
gainst her in the
court of judg-
mi-}it,)

p (Virgins were
distinguished by
their dress, calb-d
h'V'O. See 2 Sa.
13, 18. /( is ren-
dered a mantle,
1 Sa. 2S, 14; a
cloak. Is. .59, 17;
a robe, Ex. 28,
31 ; spreading
this robe before
the elders, (for

riyoxD, ve. 17, w

wearing appa-
rel,) seems to be
ch"Ui:ngiiig a.
trial upon tlte
objection lo their
daughters' hon-
our. Bate.)
a- (With forty
stripes, save one.)

T (That is, double
her dinory, tohicli
he had wished to
save by bringing
this accusation
against her.)

V (Miiimonides
says that the wo-
man here spoken
of if one who had
proved false to
her husband after
she was contract'-
ed to him.

DEUTERONOMY.

JDE. 22, 1.
I 23, 13.

1^ ( WhfTf ihe had
rrrtui inffl, in a
s<i/< pinrf, after
her e^spoHSutf and
bri'nre the com-
pletion of the
mnrriage. Mat.
1, 18.)

t (Cited 1 Co. 5,
IS, from the Sep-
tuagint.)

X (That is, lo the
iDurl o/jiiili/mnit
irhicit Silt t/ierr.)

ip (Thin vmy have
hirn the case of
the woman irhoin)

the Scribes

and i'harisees
brcmxht unto .Je-
sus C<iirt_) woman
taken in adul-
tery...Juo. 8, 3.

w Or take strong
hoVl of her. 2
Sa. 13, 14.

a (lie not being
ahU to de/eiid
himself.)

fi (It is here oh-
aerveil hy tnan//,
particularly by
drotiiis and He
Dieii, that chas-
tity is equal unto
life. Patnck.J

y (This is a dif-
f--rent case froTn
thai in Kx. 22,
1<), 17, whirh was
if a man entice
a maid...j

I « (£.5 16.1. 8</., l>e-
si'les the d'Hory
f.f fif^'J sluh'ls
fixed in Ex. 22,
17.)

t (If she and her
father pirated,
th consent of h:ilh
being requiriul.)

i (.Shall keep tier
as long as she
lives, and may
not give her a
bill of divorce as
Other men.)

I (Hut be careful
to observe all the
laws against
marriages within
the prohibited de-
grees. Le. 18, 8,
and 20, 11. Ch.
27, 20. Eze. 16,
8.)

wrought folly in Israel, to play the
whore in her father's house:''' so
shalt thou put^ evil away from among
you.

'^- If a man be found lying with a
woman manietl to an husband, then
tliey shall both of them die, both the
man that lay with the woman, and
the woman : so shalt thou put away
evil from Israel.

-^If a damsel that is a virgin be
betrothed unto an husband, and a
man find her in the city, and lie with
her; "'^^then ye shall bring them both
out unto the gate^ of that city, and
ye shall stone them with stones that
they die ; the damsel, because she
cried not, being in the city ; and the
man, because he hath humbled his
neighbour's wife :''' so thou shalt put
away evil from among you.

'■^ lint if a man find a betrothed
damsel in the field, and the man
force" her, and lie with her : then
the man only that lay with her shall
die : -''but unto the damsel thou shalt
do nothing; there is in the damsel no
sin worthy of death : for as when a
man riseth against his neighbour, and
slayeth'^ him, even so is this matter:^
'^^ for he found her in the field, and
the betrotlu'd damsel cried, and there
was none to save her.

'■^^If a man find a damsel that is a
virgin, which is not betrothed, and
lay holdf on her, and lie with her,
and they be found ; '■^•' then the man
that lay with her sliall give luito the
damsel's father fifty shekels^ of silver,
and she shall be his wife ;' because
he hath humbled her, he may not
put her away all his days.^

**A man shall not take his fatlier's
wife, nor discover his father's skirt.''

XXIII.]

A.M. 3673. B.C. 1568.

Samr Place.

Social matters continued.

[1G7

E that is wounded in the stones,
or hath his privy member cut

off, shall not enter* into the congre-
gation of the LoKD.

'■^A bastard' shall not enter into
the congregation of the Loud ; even
to his tenth generation shall he not
enter into the congregation of the
Lord.

^An Ammonite or Moabite shall
not enter into the congregation of
the LoKU ; even to their tenth gene-
ration shall they not enter into the
congregation of the Loud for ever :*
■* because they^ met you not with
bread and with water in the way,
when ye came forth out of I'gypt ;
and because they*^ hired against thee
Balaam the son of Hcor of Pethor of
Mesopotamia, to curse thee. ^Never-
theless the Lord thy (iod would not
hearken imto Balaam ; but the Lord
thy tiod turned the curse into a bless-
ing unto thee, because the Lord thy
God loved thee. ''Tliou shalt not
seek their peace nor their prosperity"
all thy days for ever.

^Thou shalt not abhor an Edomite;
for he is thy brother -.^ thou shalt not
abhor an Egyptian ; because thou
wast a stranger" in his land. *^The
children that are begotten of them
shall enter into the congregation of
the Lord in their third generation.

^ When the host goeth forth" against
thine enemies, then keep thee from
every wicked thing.

^^ If there be among you any man,
that is not clean by reason of unclean-
nessP that chanceth him by night,
then shall he go abroad out of the
camp, he shall not come within the
camp : " but it shall be, when even-
ing cometh'^ on, he shall wash him-
self with water : and when the sun
is down, he shall come into the camp
again J

*^Thou shalt have a place also
without the camp, whither thou shalt
go forth abroad : '"^ and thou shah
have a paddle u])on tliy weapon ; and
it shall be, when thou wilt ease" thy-

e (Shall nnt marry
any of the daugh-
ters of Jrrael.)

I (The offspring
of any of the
forhiddrn vuir-
riayes of Le.
xviil.)

K (That i8, never.
So Xehtmiah un-
dernlofnl it. Ne.
13, 1. Hat an Is-
raelite might lake
one of them lo
wife, if she em-
la-(irrd the truth,
as JJoaz did. Ru.
4,5.)

A (The former.)

M (The latter. Nu.

22, 5, 6.)

c llt'h,, good. (Kot
make any league
with them of mu-
tual assistance.)

f (Observe, that
the word " bro-
ther" compre-
heniled more than
the Israelites ; as
OH r Saviour sht ic-
ed the ward neigh-
bour did. Pa-
trick.)

o (And were «u,«-
tained in a time
of sore famine.)
Kx. 22, 21, and

23, 9. Le. 19,
34. Ch. 10, 19.

ir (When mm useil
to lake the great-
est liberty.)

p (Same as that at
Le. 16, 16.)

<r Heb., tumeth
toward.

T (The end of this
was, that every
man might have
this fired on his
mind, that their
camp was not
to lie like the
camps of the Gen-
tiles, in which all
ma Jitter of «w-
ruplinn.fillh iness
and wickednesses
were freely com-
mitted.)

v Hib, $iUt$t
down.

247

DE. 23, 14. )
25,6. )"

DEUTERONOMY.

r A.M. 3873.
I B.C. 1568.

ij} (The " unclean'
are classed in
Scripture with
the " unholy," as
unfit /or the pre-
sence of God.
Le. 26, 12.)

X Heb., nohedness
of anything.
(These regula-
tions i/i ve. 10-14
have the effect of
shewing us how
watchful toe mu.st
be over ourselves,
in all matters
that have inward
turpitude in
them.)

tji Heb., is good for
him. (Having
embraced the
truth, he /shall he
permitted to .utile
where he pleases.
1 Sa. 30, 15. Ex.

22, 21.)

<o Or, Sodomite.is.
Le. 19, 29. See
Pr. 2, 16, and 5,

20.

1 Ge. 19, 5. 2 Ki.

23, 7.

3 (A Sodomite,
or whoremonger.
LeClerc, Kosen-
miiller, Jlaurei';
hut Bochart,
Sp'sncr, Dathe,
and De Wette
un lersland it li-
terally.)

y (By prohibiting
the taking of in-
terest, Moses re-
pre.-.sed any ten-
dency, on thepart
of the children of
Israel, to engage
in the pursuits of
commerce, which
would have led
them into too close
a connection with
other nations.
Ex.22, 25. Le.
25, .36, 37. Ne.
a, 2, 7. I's. 1.5,
5. Lu. 6, 34, 35.;

S (Live all toge-
ther as children of
the same fatli'.r,
sharing alike in
Ike happiness
which God had
bi stowed on them.
Ch. 15, 10.)

k Nil. 30, 2. Ec.
5, 4, 5.

t (God will have
all men easy in
His service, and
all their offerings
free and cheer-
ful.)

248

self abroad, thou shalt dig therewith,
and shalt turn back and cover that
which Cometh fi'oni thee : ^* for the
LoKD thy God walketh''' in the midst
of thy camp, to deliver thee, and to
give up thine enemies before thee ;
therefore shall thy camp be holy :
that lie see no unclean^ thing in thee,
and turn away from thee.

^^ Thou shalt not deliver unto his
master the servant which is escaped
from his master unto thee : ^^he shall
dwell with thee, even among you, in
that place which he shall choose in
one of thy gates, where it liketh'^
him best : thou shalt not oppress
him.

^'' There ahall be no whore" of the
daughters of Israel, nor a sodomite'
of the sons of Israel.

^^Thou shalt not bring the hire of
a whore, or the price of a dog,^ into
the house of the Lord thy God for
any vow : for even both these are
abomination unto the Lord thy God.

^^Thou shalt not lend upon usuryv
to thy brother ; usury of money, usury
of victuals, usury of any thing that
is lent upon usury : '^"^unto a stranger
thou maycst lend upon usury ; but
unto thy brother thou shalt not lend
upon usury : that the Lord thy God
may bless thee in all that thou settest
thine hand to in the land whither
thou goest to possess* it.

'^^ When thou shalt vow* a vow
unto the Lord thy God, thou shalt
not slack to pay it : for the Lord thy
God will surely require it of thee ;
and it would be sin in thee. ^'^ But
if thou shalt forbear to vow, it shall
be no sin' in thee. ^-^That which is
gone out of thy lips thou shalt keep
and perform ; even a freewill offering,
according as thou hast vowed unto
the Lord thy God, which thou hast
promised with thy mouth.

^* When thou comest into thy neigh-
bour's vineyard, then thou mayest eat

grapes thy filKat thine own pleasure;
but thou shalt not put a»^ in thy
vessel.

^^ When thou comest into the stand-
ing corn of thy neighbour, then thou
maycst pluck the ears with thine
hand ; but thou shalt not move a
sickle unto thy neighbour's standing
corn.

XXIV.] ^-S^!ir- [108

Of divorce, hiring, &c.

,. , PIEN a man hath taken a wife,
and married her, and it come
to pass that she find no favour in his
eyes, because he hath found some un-
cleanness'' in her : then let him write
her a bill of divorcement,* and give
it in her hand, and send her out of
his house. ^ And when she is departed
out of his house, she may go and be
another man's wife. ^And (/the lat-
ter husband hate her, and write her
a bill of divorcement, and giveth it
in her hand, and sendeth her out of
his house ; or if the latter husband
die, which took her to be his wife ;
•^her former husband, which sent her
away, may not take her again to be
his wife, after that she is defiled ;*
for that is abomination before the
Lord : and thou shalt not cause the
land to sin, which the Lord thy God
giveth thee /or an inheritance.

^ When a man hath taken a new
wife, he shall not go out to war,
neither shall he be charged with any
business :^ but he shall be free at home
one year, and shall cheer^ up his wife
which he hath taken.

^ No man shall take the nether or
the upper millstone'^ to pledge : for
he taketh a man's life to pledge.

'^If a man be found stealing' any
of his bretliren of the children of Is-
rael, and niaketh merchandise of him,
or sellctli him ; then that tliief shall
die ; and thou shalt put evil" away
from among you.

i (This laiv was
designed both to
give a reasonable
itt-iulgence to
wayfarers, and
to prevent such
indulgence from
being carried too
far.) Mat. 12, 1.
Mar. 2, 23. Lu.
6, 1.

1) Heb., matter of
nakedness. Mat.
5, 31, and 19, 7.
Mar. 10, 4.

6 Unh., cutting off,
(The act of di-
vorcement, being
thus attended
with someforma-
lities, necessarily
requiring time &
deliberation,
would not be the
result of any sud-
den impulse of
passion.)

K (Rather, un-
clean, i.e., prohi-
bited, to her first
husband. Ac. 10,
14, 15. Je. 3, 1.)

s Heb., not any-
thing shall pass
upon him. Ch.
20, 7.

A (Endear himself
to her by kiml-
ness, that there
may be no occa-
sion of a divorce.
Vr. 5, 18.)

fj. (" Thr.ie mills,"
S'lys Dr. Robin-
son, " consist of
two stones about
tightren inches or
lieo feit in dia-
meter, lying one
upon the other,
with a slight con-
vexity between
them, and a hole
through the up-
per to rec'ive the
graiyi. The lower
stone is fixed
sometimes in a
sort of cement.
The upper stone
is turned upon the
lower by means
of an upright
stick fixed in it
as a handled)

I E.X. 21, 16.

V (This phrase
always implies
some enormous
sin. Sei^ ch. 13,
5; 17, 7; and
19, 19.)

A.M. 3873. 1
B.C. 1568. i

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. 23, 14.
I 26, 6.

t (This teat the
>ii</hesl Irgtil un-
cl^annesSf and
thi-re/ore thf
greatest caution
iCiM to be used to
prevent its coutn-
(jion, Lo. l;l, 2,
ami W, 2; from
which, and its
consequences,
none were ex-
empt.)

til I.H.17,32. ICo.
10,6.

r, Xu. 12, 10.

0 Heb., lend thf
UxiH of anythinij
to, t{c.

V (For he best
knows what he
can part with
most convenient-

ly)

/> (The Ilebrtio
rfroiU wasdouht-
l''ss the modern
U'lke. Of this
large outer irrnp-
per or garment
ifhnw sags,
" These hyh-s are
commonly six ells
long, and fiv or
tie feet broad,
and serve the Ka-
bgles as well as
A rahs for a com-
pute dress by day:
<t as they sleep m
their clothes, Dv.

24, 13, it became
their covering by
night." Xiebiihr
gives similar tes-
timony.)

<r Heb., liftethhis
soul unto it. Ps.

25, 1, and, 86, 4.

p Mill. .3, 5. Ja.

5, 4.

T (Let every man
be the author of
his own viii for-
tune. 2 Ki.' 14,

6. 2 Chr. 25, 4.
Jo. 31, 29, 30.
Ezo. 18, 20.)

V (Such commonly
having none to
stand by them,
the judges shall
take greater care
lo see justice done
them. Kx. 22,
21. Pr. 22, 22.
Is. 1, 23. Je. 5,

I 28, and 22, :?.

I Eze. 22, 20.

' Zee. 7, 10. Mai.

j 3, 5.)

q Ve. 22. Cli. 16,
I 12.

''Take heed in the plag-ue of le-
prosy,f that thou ob.scrve diligently,
and do according to all that the
priests the Levites shall teach you :
as I coiniiianded them, so ye shall
observe to do. ''Keniember'" what the
L(iKD thy God did unto Miriam" by
the way, after that ye were come
forth out of Egypt.

^•^When thou dost lend" thy bro-
ther any thing, thou shalt not go
into his house to fetch his pledge.
"Thou shalt stand abroad, and the
man to whom thou dost lend shall
bring" out the pledge abroad unto
thee. '^And if the man be poor,
thou shalt not sleep with his pledge :
^^in any case thou shalt deliver him
the pledge again when the sun gocth
down, that he may sleep in his own
raiment, P and bless thee ; and it shall
be righteousness unto thee before the
LoKi) thy (jod.

^^Thou shalt not oppress an hired
servant t/iat is poor and needy, ir/ie-
thcr he be of thy brethren, or of thy
strangers that are in thy land within
thy gates : ^^at his day thou shalt
give him his hire, neither shall the
sun go down upon it ; for he is poor,
and setteth"" his heart upon it : lest
he cry against thee unto the Lord,
and it be sin? unto thee.

'"The fathers shall not be put to
death for the children, neither shall
the children be put to death for the
fathers : every man shall be put to
death for his own sin.''

'"Thou shalt not pervert the judg-
ment of the stranger, nnr of the
fatherless ;" nor take a widow's rai-
ment to pledge: '**but thou shalt re-
member? that thou wast a bondman
in Egypt, and the Lord thy God
redeemed thee thence : therefore I
command thee to do this thing.

'^When thou cuttest down thine
harvest in thy field, and hast forgot
a sheaf in the field, thou shalt not go

again to fetch it : it shall be for the
stranger, for the fatherless, and for
the widow :* that the Lord thy (Jod
may bless thee in all the work of
thine hands.

■•^"When thou beatest thine olive
tree, thou shalt not gox over the
boughs again : it shall be for the
stranger, '^' for the fatherless, and for
the widow.

■'''When thou gatherest the grapes
of thy vineyard, thou shalt not glean
it afterward :'" it shall be for the
stranger, for the fatherless, and for
the widow.

'^■-And thou shalt remember that
thou wast a bondman in the land of
Egypt : therefore I command thee to
do this thinff.

XXV.]

A.M. 3873. B.C. 15G8.

Same Placr.

Sundry social regulations.

[109

IF there be a controversy* between
men, and they come unto judg-
ment, tliat thejud(jcs may judge them ;
then they shall justify^ the righteous,
and condemn the wicked. '''And it
shall be, if the wicked man be worthy
to be beaten, that the judge shall cause
him to lie down, and to be beaten
before his face,'*' according to his fault,
by a certain number. "^ Forty stripes
he may give him, and not exceed :*
lest, if he should exceed, and beat
him above these with many stripes,
then thy brother should seem vile'
unto thee.

■• Thou shalt not muzzle^ the ox
when he treadeth'' out the corn.

•'' If brethren dwell together, and
one of them die, and have no child,
the wife of the dead shall not marry
without unto a stranger : her hus-
band's* brother shall go in unto her,
and take her to him to v, ife, and per-
form the duty of an husband "s bro-
ther unto her. ''And it shall be, that
the firstborn which she beareth shall
succeed in the name' of his bj-other

^ (In all these
enartments, the
kind regard for
the poor, so cha-
ractrristic of the
Mosaic law, is
e--'pi-eially to he
7ioted.) Le. 19, 0,
and 23, 22.

X Heb., thou shall
nil bough it after
thee.

4i ( Who might go
into the olive,
yards after tlie
owner )uid carri-
ed out his fruit,
and gather lehat
they found still
remaining on the
trees.)

u Heb., after thee.

a (A ease of
supposed crime
brought before
the courts.)

/3 (Acquit him
who is falsi ly ac-
cused.) Pr. 17,15.

y (That is, in
ripen court.)

S (For the preven-
tion of excess in
this punishment,
they were wont to
give but t/iirty-
niite stripej. 2
Co. 11, 24.)

« (Michaelis is of
opinion that tite
Hebrew means,
" lest thy brother
be lacerated in
thy sight." Dathe
inclines to this
view.) Job. 18, 3.

f ("At Aleppo,"
says Itussel, "the
inJiabitants sa-
credly adhere to
the ancient cus-
tom of allowing
the ox, while
Jthreshing, to eat
as much as he
chooses." There is
a froverb in the
East:— " What
an ox thresheth
is his profit.")

J) Heb., threjiheth.
Ho. 10, 11. Pr.
12, 10. 1 Co. 9,
9. 1 Tl. 6, 18.

9 Or, nrxt kins-
man. Ge. 38, 8.
Ru. 1, 12, 1.*),
and 3, 9.

I (ShnV be r'puled
the son and heir
of the deceased.)

249

2 K

DE. 25, 7. 1
27, 9. i"

DEUTERONOMY.

( A.M. 3873.
t B.C. 1568.

K (That a family
in Israel might
not be lost. Nu.
36, 6.)

A (This permis-
sion to re/use
teas a yreat mi-
tigation of the
law.)

fi Or, next kins-
man's wife.

V (In another
sense, not geo-
graphical or phy-
sical, but moral,
the Hebrews said
" to go tip," to
appear before a
Judge or king.
Nu. 16, 12, U.
Ju. 4, 5. Kosen-
miiller.)

f (I^ay the law be-
fore him, and ad-
moni.ih him se-
riously to consi-
der, and to re-
solve according-

ly-)

o (That is, treat
him with great
indignity, as
though he were a
slave — slaves go-
ing barefooted,)
Hu. 4, 7— 11.

3 Nu. 12, 14.

■a Heb., a stone
and a stone.
(That is, divers
stones or weights,
stones having
been in use, as
they are at the
present day in
thii East, for
weights. Com-
pare our English
stone, equal to
fourteen pounds,
and the German
stein.)

p Heb., an ephah
and an ephah .
Le. 19, .35. Pr.
11, 1. Eze. 45,
10. Mi. 6, 11.

a (All that in any
way wrong their
neighbours.) 1
Th. 4, 6.

r Ex. 17, 8.

T C" The last
clause," says
Kitlo, ''is em-
phatically added,
because such an
invasion of the
chosen people, un-
der the circum-
stances, was a
virtual drjinnce
of the power
which had so
lately destroyed
the Egyptians.")

250

which is dead, that his name, be not
put" out of Israel.

''And if tlie man like^ not to take
his brother's'^ wife, then let his bro-
ther's wife go" up to the gate unto
the elders, and say, My husband's
brother refuseth to raise up unto his
brother a name in Israel, he will not
perform the duty of my husband's
brother. ^Then the elders of his
city shall call him, and speak^ unto
him : and if he stand to it, and say,
I like not to take her ; ^ then shall
his brother's wife come unto him in
the presence of the elders, and loose.°
his shoe fi'om otf his foot, and spit in
his face,2 and shall answer and say.
So shall it be done unto that man
that will not build up his brother's
house. ^^And his name shall be
called in Israel, The house of him
that hath his shoe loosed.

^^ AVhen men strive together one
with another, and the wife of the one
draweth near for to deliver her hus-
band out of the hand of him that
smiteth him, and putteth forth her
hand, and taketh him by the secrets :
*^ then thou shalt cut otf her hand,
thine eye shall not pity her.

^^Thou shalt not have in thy bag
divers'^ weights, a great and a small.
^■^Thou shalt not have in thine house
diversP measures, a great and a small.
^^ But thou shalt have a perfect and
just weight, a perfect and just mea-
sure shalt thou have : that thy days
may be lengthened in the land which
the LoKD thy God giveth thee. ^''For
all that do*^ such things, and all that
do unrighteously, ca-e an abomination
unto the Louu thy God.

^"^ Remember what Amalek did'"
unto thee by the way, when ye were
come forth out of Egypt ; ^^ how he
met thee by the way, and smote the
hindmost of thee, even all that ivere
feeble behind thee, when thou wast
faint and weary ; and he feared'' not
God. ^^ Therefore it shall be, when

the Lord thy God hath given thee
rest from all thine enemies round
about, in the land which the Lord
thy God giveth thee /or an inherit-
ance to possess it, that thou shalt blot"
out the remembrance of Amalek from
under heaven ; thou shalt not forget
it.

XXVI.]

A.M. 387.3. B.C. 1568.
Of thefrstfruits.

[170

AND it shall be, when thou art
come in unto the land which the
Lord thy God giveth thee fur an
inheritance, and possessest it, and
dwellest"^ therein ; ^ that thou shalt
take of the first of all^ the fruit of
the earth, which thou shalt bring of
thy land that the Lord thy God
giveth thee, and shalt put it in a
basket, and shalt go unto the place
w'hich the Lord thy God shall choose
to place His name there. ^And thou
shalt go unto the priest that shall be
in those days, and say unto him, I
profess this day unto the Lord thy
God, that I am come unto the coun-
try which the Lord sware unto our
fathers for to give us. '*And the
priest shall take the basket out of
thine hand, and set it down before
the altar of the Lord thy God. ^And
thou shalt speak and say before the
Lord thy God, A Syi'ian''' ready to
perish was my father, and he went
down into Egypt, and sojourned there
with a few, and became'' there a na-
tion, great, mighty, and populous :
*^and the P^gyptians evil entreated
us, and afflicted us, and laid upon us
hard bondage :' ^ and when Ave cried
unto the Lord God of our fathers, the
Lord heard our voice, and looked on
our affliction, and our labour, and our
oi)pression :" ^and the Lord brought
us forth out of Egypt w'ith a mighty
hand, and with an outstretched arm,
and with great terribleness, and with
signs, and with wonders : ^ and He
hath brought us into this place, and
hath given us this land, even a land
that floweth with milk and honev.

V (By the same
Justice that one
person or family
is cut off, a whole
family, or a
whole nation may
be utterly de-
stroyed.)

<}> (At the begin-
ning of this chap-
ter, Moses com-
mands the people,
when Jinnlly set-
tled in their land,
to give fit expres-
sion to their de-
vout and grateful
feelings.)

X (Ex. 23, 19, and
34, 26. Nu. 18,
13. Ch. 16, 10.
Pr. 3, 9. These
are distinct from
those in Le. 23,
10, these bring of
all the fruits of
the earth, viz.,
wheat, barley,
grapes,fgs,pome-
granatcs, olives,
dates.)

ill (An Aramean :
the term is pro-
perly, in Ge. 25,
20; 28, 5, and,
31, 20, 24, spiiken
of the inhabitants
of Misopotamia.
Here Jacob is
called an Ara-
mean from hi.s
having been a re-
sident in Padan-
aram, and per-
haps al.w from
his relationship
to some Aramean
J'amilies. Ho. 12,
12.)

s Ge. 43, 1,2; 45,
7, 11, and 46, 1,
6, 27. Ch. 10,
22. Ac. 7, 15.

I Ex. 1, 11, 14.

w (The remim-
brance of their
low, poor, dis-
tressed and ut-
terly helpless con-
dition, was fitted
to awaken grati-
tude to God, who
had relieved them
out of it.) Ex.
2, 23, 24 ; 3, 9 ; 4,
31; 12, 37, and
13, 3. Ch. 5, 15.

A.M. 3873. )
B.C. 15G8. ;

DEUTERONOMY.

J DE. 25, 7.
t 27, 9.

a (Thfy concluded
this snlcmn rite
as thry hnd begun,
with an ackniiw-
Udgment that
they hi Id the land
of Ooil as the
Siiprrme Lord,
solely by His
free yift.)

P (The Hehrew
word imports
profound rever-
ence, expressed by
bowing low the
body.)

y (That which was
wont in other
years to be spent
ill feasting, was,
every third year,
wholly spent upon
the p'or. C'li.
I'.', 6, and 14. 22,
23.)

6 (As they were
every year, tvhtn
they brought
thtir JirKl fruits,
to muke the fore-
going profession,
so every third
year they were tit
make the follow-
ing profession.)

t (The next time
he went tn wor-
ship at the sanc-
tuary.)

f (Either by keep-
ing thfSe tithes to
themselves, or by
bestowing them
otherwise than as
fiod appointed.)
IN. 119, 141,153,
170.

II (Ifatlior, with
mourning or la-
m*ntalii/n, as th*
Egyptians at thf
feast of Isis.)

<! I.e. 7, 20, nnd
21, 1, 11. Ho.
9,*.

f Ih. la, 15. Zee.
2, 13.

g Kx. 20, 19.

h Kx.
19, ■>.
14,2;

1 Pe. 2, 9.

6, 7, and
C'li. 7, 6;
and 28, 9.

^''And now, behold, I have brought
the firstfruits of the land, which Thou,
0 LoKi), hast given" me. And thou
shalt set it before the Lord thy God,
and worshii>^ before the Luun thy
God: ^^and thou shall rejoice in
every good t/iinff which the Lokd
thy God hath given unto thee, and
unto thine house, thou, and the Le-
\'ite, and the stranger that is among
you.

*^When thou hast made an end of
tithing all the tithes of thine increase
the third year,>' ivhich is the year of
tithing, and hast given it unto the
Levite, the stranger, the fatherless,
and the widow, that they may eat
within thy gates, and be filled; *^then
thou shalt say* before' the Loiu) thy
God, I have brought aw'ay the hal-
lowed things out of mine house, and
also have given them unto the Le-
vite, and unto the stranger, to the
fatherless, and to the widow, accord-
ing to all Thy commandments which
Thou hast commanded me : I have
not transgressed Thy comnuvndments,
neither have I forgotten^ t/iein: ^'* I
have not eaten thereof in my mourn-
ing,'' neither have I taken away
ought thereof for ani/ unclean'' use,
nor given ought thereof for the dead :
but I have hearkened to the voice of
the Lord my God, and have done
according to all that Thou hast com-
manded me. ^^ Look-'^ down from Thy
holy habitation, from heaven, and
bless Thy people Israel, and the land
which Thou hast given us, as Thou
swarest unto our fathers, a land that
flowcth with milk and honey.

i^This day the Loud thy God hath
commanded thee to do these statutes
and judgments : thou shalt therefore
keep and do them with all thine
heart, and with all thy soul.

*^Thou hast avouched'' the Lord
this day to be thy God, and to walk
in His ways, and to keep His sta-
tutes, and His commandments, and
His judgments, and to hearken unto

His voice : "'and the Loud hath a-
vonchcd thee this day to be His jjc-
culiai-'' people, as He hath promised
thee, and that tfwu shouldest keep all
His commandments; '-'and to make
thee high above all nations which He
hath made, in praise, and in name,
and in honour;* and that thou may est
be an holy people unto the Lord thy
God, as He hath spoken."

YYVTT 1 A.M. 387.3. B.C. 1568.
-^-'*- ' ■'■-'■•J The formula of cursing.

[171

AND Moses with the elders of
Israel commanded the people,
saying, " Keep all the connnand-
ments which I command you this
day. '-^And it shall be on the day
when ye shall pass over .Jordan unto
the land which the I^ord thy God
giveth thee, that thou shalt set thee
up great stones, and plaister them
with plaister:* •'and thou shalt write
upon them all the words of this
law,*^ when thou art passed over,
that thou mayest go in unto the land
which the Lord thy God giveth thee,
a land that lloweth Avith milk and
honey; as the Lord God of thy
fathers hath promised thee. * There-
fore it shall be when ye be gone over
.Jordan, that ye shall set up these
stones, which I command you this
day, in mount Ebal," and thou shalt
plaister them with plaister. ^And
there shalt thou build an altar unto
the Lord thy (Jod, an altar of stones:*
thou shalt not lift up an// iron tool
upon them. •"'Thou shalt build the
altar of the I.,()R1) thy (iod of whole
stones : and thou shalt ofter bunit
oiferings thereon unto the I-,ord thy
God : ^ and thou shalt ofl'er peace
otl'erings, and shalt eat there, and
rejoice before the Lord thy God.

^And thou shalt write upon the
stones all the words of this law very
plainly."*^

^And Moses and the priests the
Levites spake unto all Israel, saying,
"Take heed, and hearken, O Israel;

0 (Thou hast this
day caused Jeho-
va}t to promise
that lie would be
a Ood to thee,
and that thou
wouldeat walk in
His ways, and
keep, it c. \SAnd
Jehovah ciusejl
thee this day to
promise that thou
would.il be tu Him
a peculiar people,
OS He, ic. 19
And that He
would ejcalt thee
above all the na-
tions, d'C. GeKC-
niiis TliesauniB,
p. 121.)

K (To render the
process easier.
Engraving so
much writing on
stime would have
taken a long
time. It does not
apprar that this
inscription was
designed for pos-
terity, for which
the substance on
which it was writ-
ten would unfit it.
The objict was
rathir, asMaurrr
states, limitvl to
the act itself, and
conci med poste-
rity only so far
as the transaction
was recorded in
the book of Jo-
shua.)

fi (liosenmiiller,
after Michaelis,
limits" this law"
to the following
curses and bless-
ings. Voter and
Hrngstenberg re-
gard these words
as referring to
the whole second
lair, from ch. 4,
44-cli. 26, 19.
Hengstenberg
says, " the words
til is law, in vc.
3. reft r to nil the
commands that 1
command tlieo
this day, in ve.
1, and this refe-
rence does away
with all uncer-
tainty.")

V (Kennieott en-
deniour.i to shew
that thrJews have
Corrupted this
place, and that
the Samaritan
has the true read-
ing, Gerixim.)

I Jo8. 8, 30, 31.
Ex. 20, 26.

k ,Jo9. 8, 32.

251

DE. 27, 10. 1
28, 32. t

DEUTERONOMY.

J A.M. 3873.
1 E.G. 1568.

f (The IsraeliUa
entr.rid into cove-
nant with God
three times ; \.al
J{or/'b,Ex.2i, 7;

2. De. 2i), 1 ; and

3. Jos. 8, 30. To
thf last, whenGod
hail g'ven them
jiossession of Ca-
naan, this refers.)

0 (Judah the tribe
of the Messiah,
Levi the tribt of
the priests, and
Joseph the tribe
of Joshua, were
stationed on Ge-
rizim.)

■It Tleb., for a
cursing.

p ("Answer."
TJie curses pro-
nounced from
EIhiI were to be
np^nted by the
Livites, (i.e., the
priests,) in the
valUy.)

tj (The Mischna
says, that the
priests turidiij
liieir faces to-
ward Gerisim,
proclaimed,
" Bl^sse^l," ikc,
unto which the
people ansuiertd
Amen ; and then
turning to Ebal,
they said, "Curs-
ed," <tc., to which
the people that
stood there made
the sa me answer.)

T (Tlie word some-
times has the
force of an oath.
Nil. 5, 22. Some-
times of assiint,
as in this place:
sometimes for
confirmation. Je.
11, 5, and 28, 6.J

V (P'tthe and De
Wett^, revileth.)

<^ Ch. 19, 14. Pr.
22, 28. (They
were thus deter-
red from all en-
cronnhments on
t'leir neiyhbour's
possessions.)

X \a-..\9,U. (This
may include giv-
ing to any one
pernicious ad-
vice.)

yfi Ex. 22, 21. Ch.

10, 18, and 2i,
17. Mai. 3, 5.

1 Le. 18, 8, and 20,

11. Ch. 22, 30.
m Le. 18, 23, and

20, 15.

n Lc 18, 9, and
20, 17.

o I.e. 18, 17, and
20, 11.

252

this^ da}^ thou art become the people
of the Loud thy God. ^^Thou shalt
therefore obey the voice of the Loud
thy God, and do His comniandiiients
and His statutes, which I command
thee this day."

^^And Moses charged the people
the same day, saying, ^2" These
shall stand upon mount Gerizim to
bless the people, when ye are come
over Jordan ; Simeon, and Levi," and
Judah, and Issachai", and Joseph, and
Benjamin : ^^and these shall stand
upon mount Ebal to curse ;'" Reuben,
Gad, and Asher, and Zebulun, Dan,
and Naphtali.

^* And the Levites shall speak,P and
sa}^ unto all the men of Israel with a
loud voice, "■ ^^ Cursed be the man that
maketh any graven or molten image,
an abomination unto the Lord, the
work of the hands of the craftsman,
and putteth it in a secret place.

And all the people shall answer
and say, Amen.'^

^^ Cursed be he that setteth light"
by his father or his mother.