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_ meth pa eee
CHURCH CYCLOPADIA.

DICTIONARY

oF

CHURCH DOCTRINE, HISTORY,

ORGANIZATION AND RITUAL,

AND CONTAINING ORIGINAL ARTICLES ON SPECIAL TOPICS, WRITTEN EXPRESSLY
FOR THIS WORK BY BISHOPS, PRESBYTERS, AND LAYMEN.

DESIGNED ESPECIALLY FoR THE USE OF

THE LAITY OF THE PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL CHURCH
IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.

EDITED BY

REV. A. A. BENTON, M.A.,

PROFESSOR OF MATHEMATICS IN DELAWARE COLLEGE,
FOURTH THOUSAND.

PHILADELPHIA:
L. R. HAMERSLY & CO.
1886.

3 A aOR
CAPS

HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY
fi

Copyright, 1888, by L. R. Hamersty & Co.

4 PREFACE.

represent one party or school, but gives fair and candid expression to many
different minds and opinions, which are tolerated within the wideness of the
putstretched arms of the Church of the living Gop. It is well that it
should be so. In an age when no asserted truth goes unchallenged, and no
opinion is uttered without subjecting it to the crucible of heated criticism,
we want to know how these points are viewed by divergent, yet representa-
tive, minds, in the several departments of sacred learning. ‘The names of
the contributors show the range of minds, as the number of the different
subjects treated show the range of topics embraced in the volume. The
plan has been to Jet each man speak for himself, and so be responsible alone
for his opinions.

Whatever will enlarge the area of knowledge, or give shape and defi-
niteness to floating opinions, or throw light upon obscure points, or stimulate
deeper investigation in this broad department of learning, cannot but prove a
great blessing to all thinking and Christian men. This Cyclopedia will, it
is hoped, fulfill all, or nearly all, these conditions, and it ought, therefore, to
be hailed with favor, especially by the Laity, as a marked help to them in
seeking after a deeper knowledge and wider views of the person and glory
of Curist our Lorp, as seen in “the Church which is His body, the fullness
of Him that filleth all in all.”

WILLIAM BACON STEVENS.

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‘Abba (Syriac A ‘ly tender form
of Faraz. xiv. 86)
uses it in His er in the . Bt
Paul uses it twice (Rom. viii. 15; Gal. iv.

known as Westmi Abbey
Peter's. In Cathedral Abboys the Bishop
was the Al and the presbyteral
of these ments were styled rs.
Cranmer and Latimer tried bard, at the dis-
solution of tho monasteries, to save some of
the abbeys from confiscation to put them to
reform but did not succeed.

Abbot. The Father or Superior of a body
of men Wi under religious vows, Tha
derivation of the word is Abba

Lat. Abbas). The word Father, in its
Abbas, Na here has been ever applied
to the Cl ian presbyter as a tithe of re-

tin the later history of the E
ik Gh » An Abbot wes aioe either

ispter, Al
divided into two ranks, Abbots and Mitred
Abbots. Thora were in England twenty-
five Mitred Abbots, who sat and voted in
House of Lords. Abbots were subject to

=

ACTS OF THE APOSTLES 14 ADIAPHORISTIC CONTROVERSY

does not trust to his personal influence and
constant supervision, nor pause for minute at-
tention to com ively unis fields.

i ‘and the ministry of the Word (ch. | Thatistrusted in true faith to
vi. ‘The new Order, or to those chosen out of the new converts
‘in the work of preaching to be their ministers, He sceks contres and
E30) who was | and towns with the of a
1-15). ek Sec who plans or and leaves
is and glorious dinates, Only in Corinth and in Ephesus
60). fhe ange ine ater organ id be make voluatariy any Tong ar
ization grew mart; were most importan’
tho (ch. viii. Tc Church to hold firmly. His stot jc is
the Church, those who | recited in chs. xiii. and xiv. His in
the work of conversion to the | chs, xv. 86; xviii. 23. His third j is
third step in her work. The deacon Philip | recoun: in chs. xvill. 26; xxi. 1d.
goes down to and there (vs. labors are henceforth from a prison or =

sSALgraryEss
nea
elie
rafereate
pntal
RES pee 2S
Ea 5

i
i

;_ the observance of the Lorp's Day.

our missionary work ; the power of sermons ;
the use of fortus of prayer, In tt ta given

» which is best replied to
that, as in so many other

in its genuineness or its
tion, Nor is there any material va-
he | riation in the best critically restored form
But | of the text that can affect the sense of our
Authorized Version,

Adiaphoristic Controversy. (Adiaphora,

nar

cect fake

=

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dul S285 24884 F Tr) ee
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iz iB 221 ine ue

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AMERICAN CHURCH 32 AMERICAN CHUROH

nia and which largely settled
by made effort to have
Western cou into a
rate Diocese. It was not till 1808
General Convention gave the desired
mission, which, in was repeated in

Obio; but it was not till 1825
west of the Alleghanies. From 100 to
1828 the clergy in Pennsylvania had onl.
inereased from 16 to 84. It is only natu:

add that the Church in the western
the State had been for many years in a
of decline, while the disposition to fra-
with those who in doctrine and dis-
were the Charch’s enemice, and to
the received ies of our Com-
or to undermine them ieeitieuty

" saddened the last years
Bishop Whites life, and made. hima fear,
while he prayed, for the Church's existence.

Tn Maryland, it h that
at Dr. Kemp's peel pect lte elles

ne

be
ce

s was almost dead." Church-
Ba Dr. Moore that no man
could carry out our forms in all their ru-
brical sign;" but the man of their choice
had had a different training and held dif-
ferent views, and acted upon them, aoe
he was not able to carry the body of bis
clergy with him. Tho Chureh in Virginia,
through his efforts and those of his successor,
was roused from its slumbers that were
almost death. Only three years before
the election of Bi Moore to Virginia,
John Henry Hobart had been chosen As-
sistant saat ype York, and along with
oaleetieen ee : say CU
te could wi @ greatest
difficulty muster the three for a
consecration. He did not the Oburch
er the Churchmanship of New York what
ho loft it, or what it hee been evor since,
bot he roused his own Diocese from {ts
slumbers, and the influence of his writing
and preaching, and of bis laborious and holy
life, was felt tn the State as wel) as the Dio-
cose, and went oat over the whole country
and through the whole Church. His motto
‘was “the Gospel
shrunk from no labor and from no contest
in bohalf of bis belief, B: White looked
forward to the future of his son in the
faith with the keenest hope “ that he would
not cease to be efficient in extending the
Church and

in the Church,” and he | E

It is one indication of 1 turn
the tide that the Diocese which at his con-
sceration contained 40 clergy, twenty-four

after his death

years ufterwards—five
—tontained 198. Not till 1819 was the first
“ Wertern” seas ‘Philander
Chase for Ohio, In 1885, the last Conven-
tion at which Bishop te ided, Jack~
tionary Wishop ot tho Northwest, and ia
sion. ia] west, and in his
wort at the consecration Bishop Doane
spoke for the Church, which was waken-
ing to new life, when he laid down the
principle that this ‘'Charch is to be a Mis-
Church, that hor Bishops are true
Apostles, and that of this heer body
every Christian by the terms of bis bap-
tismmal vow is a member.’*
pear ae a the Church feces
and now reater than a an
mere comparison of sumbeee ve read ef
ts of General Convention, “so many
np it, 86 many Dioceses repre-
sented ;” but the bodies which Tepre-

sented were smaller still, In Tie in
1835, *throe cl: ‘men met for
tion,” and * this vention mously

appoint Philander Chase to the Episcopate
of Tlinoie and at the seventh Annual
Convention the Bishop “that neither
as pioneer missionary, as a Diocesan Bi

or os parish minister, has he received

salary except $20." In Delaware, in 179i,
Bel en and 11 laymen met to frame «
constitution and nize the Chureh. In

there
ship. In Kentucky the ‘organization of
the Diocese was thus happily effected, there
doing 16 lay delogates and # of the clerical
order,” only one of whom was * settled."
In North Carolina, where, in 1770, 4 list is
given of 18 settled c , and which was
organized in 1817, at or Ravenseroft's
death, in 1830, the clergy ony numbered 1.
In South Carolina, where 1 clerey are re-
corded as laboring from 1700 to 1800, in
1786 only 9 parishes are represented. On
the Baa hand, icra Carolina, i ten |
Teports 46 ¢ ; Carolina, 78,
in 1888 asks a division; Kentucky 88
ol j and Illinois is a province inclt
8 Dioceses, with 60, 26, and 46 clergy, re-
spectively.

Bishop Doane was elected to New Ji
in 1882, and died in 1868. During hi

Jersey Te)

clergy and nearly 8000 communicants, and

#0 clorgy and communicants. f
The Convention of New York, in

1786, consisted of 5 clergy und delegates

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form in baptism” is “ water, wi in the
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of the Som, and of the LY
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Apdimeles it is one so uni-
admitted, it is un. to
up space with qvotationay fers the

while there Is no doubt as to the use
in this sacrament, there is « differ-
SPR a
in! n; whether it should be by
Nay, agi though 2 coey be
jv mi
as valid, yet is it i lary thare
noe : for ite use. The rubric
ico in the American Prayer-Book
orders that the minister taking the child
*¢shall dip it in the water disereotly, or shall
water upon it.” In the English office
ere are two rul the first ordering dip-
ing in the water discreetly und warily,
provided that the sponsors shall
that the child endure it.” An
other adds, “but if they certify that the
child is wenk, it ehall suffice to pour water
Seaee The same direction as for

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and its consequences considered,
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seomly, would often be attended with

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also where water was acarce,
or in the desert, and these
that Canons were f

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‘ion.

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a ig eniehs law, were

were baptized:

the cloud and in the sea’ (1

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Following this, in baptismal service,
she bids us eae Gop too munetity this
water to the my: washi way of

“Baptism . . . is also a si; Ea cere
tion, or new birth, w! 3 th at ro
ceive baptism rightly are into the
Church, the jses of forgiveness of sin
and of our jon to be the sons of Gop

the Hox Guosr are visib!
bet (Vide rreteadaetc eh:

CoNDITIONS REQUIRED IN THOSE

“e: tance, whereby they forsake sin;
and faith, whereby they steadfastly believe
the of ‘Gop made to them in that
sacrament ;”’ or, as it is set {Orth in the ques-
tions asked at the ,. Renunciation
of sin, belief in the. of the Obristian
Faith, and an honest parpote throughout

{athe stereo opr, ao
je uni
of the Oh the earliest

historical fact, that in the first Pray
that of 1549 a.p., the
‘when great need shall

bw (tthe words ‘Ta

po form. peek is in this ove
ptism, a departure from the strict
the Charch as regards orders; but unfy
Cee seems . ere 8 it; scare
2 the une at any irregul )
fect in enc baptism tahoe b
firmation. Others hold that there is a}
hood in Christian sufficient
his act valid; these making a d
between that which he hus a
and that which be has the right to do.
Adult ism.—There is a special

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, ex cathedra, the condi-
Ves of the new saint.

cian’ tis Deena Apoorpia- The
Greek translations of contain addi~

a, and are
fr Children, the
© History of
ie y land the Dragon
is placed at the end of Daniel, and in the
tuagint is headed Part of the prophecy
Habakkuk.” There is no evidence that
the additions ever formed a part of the
Hebrow text. It is surmiacd that the trans-
lator of Daniel may have wrought up cur-
rent traditions in these additions. Thestory
of the like a #
ion” of the deliverance of Daniel
from the lions (Dan. vi.). The story has
received .\* om monts in later times’!

it was shaped for a moral While
Galinotand the Port Hayate steve tence

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general A.D,
take the

and from a foot to a foot anda

rime
jen

was struck with a image mallet.

times.the semantron is made of iron

‘Turketul, Abbot of Crowland (8 .
gave seven bells to his monustery, pro r |

ail

re we

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wing ; the

‘after the sentence of consecration is

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tron to the Bishop or Co
the. Bis cae bene

* after i
for it hus w cure of §
a
rc i

stead of the King's, Cot
originally belongin,

and to

the Latin Bible. The privil

abused, and a hindrance to thes
scandal and

* | justice and a

cust it from us. Then as the acts of Gon's

officer are not mere forms

, but true and effec-

Se tal mate

1
selves subject to secular ‘ites 0
and misdemeanors at and

the poplar

brew Sacred Scriptures,
books called “the Ay bh
tinctively Christian b

the New Testament. Theet
title was the “Law,” whic

translation into Latin till Tertullian quotes
‘that which was in use in Africa. The first
attempt at translation into Anglo-Saxon
was Cacdman, in the sixth Soe
and him by the Venerable

Wickliffe's version in the fourteenth century
was tho first complete lish lution.
The first Soe he the New Testa-

AD. if that from paresbiek
version of the Psalms istuken. Theauthor-

knowledge comes with a kind r
it is not one in the same sense

Batory and ast
Tetenent and arse “that 4

It has grown with the

thing, and the life of it

who spake by the prophets.
aracter of this

selves the record oh cise tat
have had in the world, and their:
record and in it. ‘The hii

ness of morals, in|

and at the same time in the
ing of its wisdom upon i
society, no literature of re

compares with that of if ©
Moses led out of Egypt. And:
foundation is built the

Testament. Tocompare the: f

cr EER

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the fl

all" (Eph. i. 28). This Church, the souls and
bodies of them believe, He has purchased
to Himself with His own Blood. It is a
ic , and our union in Carrer is

I, because it is now beyond our com-

but not. iment by the analogies

supplies from the experionce we

ven us. Itis, therefore, to be

ind acted upon in our spiritual life,

spiritual life of the tian is the

oursel’
‘the Communion, by the faith, love,

Regs
erie

is analysis
ite line of iaiy he haneustas u

self, and the clashing comes from }
bounds between

=. the

creation of won
| may be said to be wholly of the one 3

of man, but derivatively, and
subordinate, and not by original ¢
‘There are in our human nature th
of existence, two of them in the
t, the third in the continuou

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recept to regulate the feasts by
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recorded. pi chosen
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any of the

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Constantinople. In tho tean while | istry is tho namethatts

of Ca
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directs ion to the motives by
wi one is actuated in what he does us a
chief and ipa bag ed Tt distinotly
izes the fact

bad motives the ver thing that ought to be
done. St. Paul wil us an example | by @ grhoe, RO
of both cases,—the one in his own person, | come as the result of
‘the other in that of some of the people ivenese.

with whom he was brought into contact in ‘e have spoken of three
the course of his ministry. Bofore his con- | the Christian believer has

, and when he was persecuting the | of his duty in the order of
Christians, in a sks of determined opposi- | and importance,—the
tion to the very Gospel which he afterwards | Church, and the imm
80 effecti vel: Po ea ane one as a member of some co

from # zeal Christians. Ample provision |

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GUILD OF ST. STEPHEN THE
MARTYR.

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