Full text of ""Cadillac's village", or, "Detroit under Cadillac" [microform] : with list of property owners and a history of the settlement, 1701 to 1710"

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"CADILLAC'S village:

"DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

■> M

WITH

LIST OF PROPERTY OWNERS

AND

A History of the Settlement

1701 TO 1710.

COMPILED BY
C. M. BURTON
DETROIT, 1896.

A series of articles prepared by me for the Sunday Nficft-Tnbunc of
Detroit, and which appeared in that paper during the summer of 1896, have
been arranged into the form of a pamphlet for better preservation and dis-
tribution, among those who are interested in the study of Detroit's early
history. Notwithstanding a good deal of labor has been expended in attempt-
ing to make this a perfect work, 1 am painfully aware that it contains many
errors, but I am also certain that it contains a vast i amount of entirely new
historical matter, that can. and probably will, be used by other students
than myself.

The Kev. Christian Denissen, concerning whose work I have spoken
more at large in the following pages, has consented, at my urgent request,
to correct ia few of the mistakes in my work, and I have gladly availed my-
self of his assistance, and have added his work as a supplement to my own.
Detroit, Nov. 20, 189G. C. M. BUllTON.

i i

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

A List of Property Owners and a History of the Settlement

from 1701 to 1710.

The early history of 0?troit is
scarcely known. The recorrls that
contain its story are to he found In
Montroal, Quebec and Paris. Maclt-
Inac was established long before Da-
trcit was thought of, but iL existed
merely as a missionary post, and as a
rendez\ous for voyag-eurs and a depot
for supplies for the Indian .rade. It
was never a colony, and no thought of
colonization was ever coupled with its
name, nor was it established or
maintained witli any expectation that
a colony would be founded. It was
so far north, and the climate was so
cold that there was no certainty of a
corn crop any year, and Indian corn
was the only bread food that Wi •
raised until after the establishment of
Detroit The Indians frieiidly to
French interests were all living in the
north, for they had been driven from
this part of the country by the Iio-
((uois in the long series of wars, which
immediately preceded the (.stablish-
mcnt of a military post at this point.

Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac had
been the commandant at i-lackinac
from 1694 to 1G98, and while occupyins
that ijosition had cast his eye south-
v.-ard as a better location ».han Mack-
inac for founding a colony. With the
foresight of a skillful diplomat he rea-
soned that the location of a perman-
ent colony on the Detroit river would
tend to keep the English from trading
among the upper or French Indians
and, moreover, If the post once estab-

lished was properly managed, tlie
commandant could draw aioupd it all
the Indians of the west, and ihui;
numbers, added to the strength of a
French garrison, would compel a peace
v.'ith the warlike Iroquois. He was
light In his reasonings and if his plans
had been carried out as ho laid them
one may reasonably think that the
French power would still be strong in
America. •Having obtained pi:imissio.''i
from his government to found a col-
< iiy at Detroit, he set out on his er-
rand in the spring of 1701, and reached
the site of the future city on the 24tis
of July. The palisades, at once
erected for the post, inclosed an arpent
of land, a French acre of 192 leet on a
side.

HUNTING FOR FURS.

Most of the business carried on in
this western country was hunting the
fur-bearing animals, prepariuK their
furs for market, and trai. spoiling
tliem to Montreal. Kut '.he hunters
had to live, and a trade was carried
on between the latter place and the
upper country, as this was i-alled, by
means of canoes and bateaux. These
canoes were loaded at Montreal antl
brought to Detroit either ov^r the Ot-
tawa river away up north, coming
down through the Georgian bay, or
through the Niagara route, ever the
Lakes Ontario and Erie. The latter
loute was the easier of th-.' two, for
there was but one portage at Niagara

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Falls, while over the Otlav.-a routo
there wore at least 30 portag^.i.

Tlie first trip Cail'llac miulo was over
the Ottawa route, for the Fr'.nch gov-
ernment feareil that ,he Irorjuois In-
dians woiilil attack him if ne went on
tlio Xiapara route, but the next year,
1702. there wns less fear of inese war-
like Indians and the shorter and easier
road was taken.

There were traders, capitalists in a
small way in Montreal, who fitted out
tliese canoe loads of merchaniMse and
t'ent them to the upper country. On?
01 these merchants would employ a
trustworthy voyag-eur who might, per-
haps, have an interest in uie enter-
prise, to fit out an expedition to the
upper country. The canoe ocing load-
ed, ag'-eemPnts i:r contracts were made
with a sutticient number of men to con-
duct the enterprise. All these agree-
ments and contracts with the employes
were reduced to writing before a no-
tary in Montreal. If the parlies were
able to write they signed their names
to the agreements, and if they were il-
literate, that fact was slatea in the
contract. These contracts were re-
tained by the notary, and now lorm
one of the best evidences of tne early
life of this first western colony.

I have thousands of these agree-
ments, extending from IGSO to I'lUO, and
tliey contain not only the names of the
early voyageurs, but their placesof res-
idence and occupations, dates ■)( their
visits to the western country, times
and terms of employment, a.id lhi>j'
frequently show the value of services
and commodities and the volume of
trade carried on.

SPRANG UP, AS IF BY MAGIC.

To the Indians, the advent of Cadil-
lac, with his little troop, was a
revelation, and it worked a revo-
lution. The little village sprang up
as if by magic, and the Indians
flocked to It from all sides, from all
quarters they came, singly and In
nations. What on the 23rd of July,
1701, was a wilderness, and on the
next day was a houseless city of 100
souls, in eight months time was a

rival of Montreal and Quebec in trade,
had a population of 6,000 beings, and
was the metropolis of \merlca. The
Indians, tar outnumbering the whites,
were encouraged to settle around the
fort, and their villages, four or five
ill number, wf^re above and below
the palisaded inclosure.

The next three years were devoted
to the building up of the village and
putting on a firm foundation the work
already laid out. The lots within the
palisades were all very small, gen-
erally about 20x2Zi feet, and probably
entirely covered by buildings. The
civilians owned their own houses,
while those of the soldiers belonged
to Cadillac. To the soldiers small
gardens of half an acre each were
fenced off, a short distance east of
the Inclosure and fronting on the east
side of Randolph street, between the
river end Fort street.

CITY'S ANCIENT BOUNDS.

It was not until 1704 that the found-
er obtained permission to make con-
veyances of the lands in and around
the village, though It is very prob-
able that the persons who took pos-
session of parcels before that date,
and built on or cultivated them, did
so with the tacit understanding that
their titles would be confirmed some
day. By the time Cadillac had ob-
tained permission to make transfers
to his inhabitants, the boundary lines
of the village had grown too small,
and so the palisades were set farther
out, and new palisades built, to In-
clude a more extended territory.

The principal street of the village
was Ste. Anne street, running about
parallel to the present Jefferson ave-
nue, and occupying nearly the north-
erly line of that thoroughfare, so
that the southern tier of lots and
St. Louis street fell entirely in that
street.

The westerly line was not far from
the present line of Shelby street, and
the easterly line was a short distance
west of Griswold street. At the east-
erly end, and at first without the
palisades, was a church, occupyine

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Iho Rrour.d, on which Is the present
banking house of A. Ives & Sons.
When the vlllape limits were extend-
ed, the line was moved to the east and
wesit and reached to Griswold street on
the east, and Wayne street on the
west. The conveyances, made by
Ciidlllac during the remainder of his
stay in the place, were forwarded by
him to the colonial office, and are now
deposited in the department of mar-
ines. In Paris. Of all these convey-
ances, I have a complete copy, and
have undertaken to arrange them in
a manner to construct a map of De-
troit, as it was in 1708. The arrange-
ment of these tracts so as to form
a village plat, has been a task of no
small proportions, and has been ac-
complished only after weeks of dill-
gent study.

VILLAGE ON HIGH GROUND.

It may be that this map is faulty.
I have no doubt that It is, in some
particulars. But it will do as a
foundation to work from, and a bet-
ter one may be constructed here-
after, when more information can be
obtained from which to work. I am
better pleased with the form of the
village, as Indicated on this map,
than with any published map of later
date.

In order to prove the accuracy of
the map, I had it traced on the pres-
ent city map, and find the lines of
lots existing before the fire of 1805,
many of which still serve as boundary
lines of present buildings, coincide
very nearly with the Cadillac con-
veyances. The map also Indicates
that the southerly line of the village
was nearly the center line of Jeffer-
son avenue, and was thus on a high
ground, while all other maps I have
seen indicate the southerly line as
south of Jefferson avenue, on the
verge of the slope toward the river.

It seems to me reasonable that the
palisades would not be driven in a
hillside, and hence, that my con-
ception of the village plat is more
rational than the ideas of those who
have platted the village on the verge
of the hill.

Now, about the real estate owners,
and the prices they paid for the prop-
erty owned by them. We must under-
stand that iho real e.state itself was
of no great value. There were mil-
lions of acres, unclaimed and un-
cultivated, to be had for the asking.
so tnat the prices derived by Cadillac
from his sales are really the prices
which the purcha.sers were willing to
pay for the protection afforded by
his government, and by the palisades.
Cadillac was the seigneur, or lord,
and had applied for the office and
title ot marquis of Detroit; and these
little parcels of land he sold were
ulsposed of on condition that the pur-
chaser should occupy or cultivate,
or retain possession of. In person or
by tenant, and should pay to the
lord, an annual stipend.

This was not great, but it was suffi-
cient to keep the palisades in repair,
to maintain the soldiery, and provide
for Cadillac and his family. Perhaps
the revenues would not be sufficient
to do aP this, but It did a part, and
there were other souri-es o» revenue
on which the lord could depend.

The trade of the post was In his
hands, for some years, and a con-
siderable revenue was obtained in
this manner. The Company of the
Colony had the exclusive right to
the trade at Detroit at one time,
and during this period, Cadillac had
a salary of 2,000 livres, and was not
obliged to maintain the soldiers at
his expense. A llvre was a French
coin of the value of 20 cents, but at
this time the relative value of this
motley was greater than at the present
time.

WINDMILL GRINDS THE CORN.

The company did not want Detroit
colonized. They preferred to have the
country devoted to hunting, rather
than to agriculture, but they gave up
everything ic Cadillac in ft05, and
after that date the whole expense of
the government fell on his shoulders.

There was another expense that fell
alike on Cadillac and the inhabitants,
and that was the maintenance of the

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

cluirch and the priest. The church
llscir, iitid all the vestments and
1 arapIu'riinHa, liclonKed to Cadillac,
a^s hl.s individual property. A large
portion of the expense of maintain-
ing the parish prU st was also borne
by him, but the inhabitants paid a
purl. Taxes, as we tinderstand them,
wt re unltnown to the people of th^t
ilay, but those traders who came to
Detroit solely to trade, and who did
not reside here, were compelled to
pay something for the church privl-
leires that they enjoyed. Cadillac own-
ed the public mill— a windmill— used
to Krind corn and wheat. This re-
turned a yearly net revenue of 500
crowns.

EARLY LAND RENTALS.

On the accompanying map I have
idaced numbers on the various lots
to conform to fhe report made by Cad-
illac. They do not agree with the or-
der of alienation, but all the trans-
fers were made between 1707 and 1710.
The names of the purchase.-s, arr.anged
according to the numbers on the map,
are also given, with the consideration
for each iiarcel. The names are
sometimes indefinite, for these French-
men liad curious habits of changing
tlieir name, passing by different names
at different times, and even In the
little village Cadillac did not seem to
know the first names of all his peo-
ple, as frequent references are made
such as "a man named Rencontre,"
"a man named Beauregard."

Generally, when a parcel of land
was conveyed, there were two items
in the consideration required. First,
a fixed rental, payable every year and
probably accejjted in lieu of all taxes,
except (he tithes for maintaining the
church, and second, a certain sum
which Cadillac required for privileges
extended to the purchaser, as for
Instance, suppose the purchaser was
a blacltsmitli. Cadillac having the
exclusive right of trading at the post,
would grant this purchaser the right
of blacksmithing to the exclusion of
all others, and would receive an ex-

tra compensation for this privilege.
The ownership of the land remained
in Cadillac, and no man was entitled
tc his lot unless he took and main-
tained actual possession of It. If he
abandoned It, it reverted to Cadillac,
and he sold it to some other per-
son.

From refeiences in some of the con-
veyances, it appears that there? were
transfers made to ])arties not included
in the report. We know that a man
named Roucherville, and another
named St. Aubin owned lands, but
we do not have tle.r deeds.

Cadillac's conveyances were not con-
fined ti. il-e vdlage. He granted a
good many farms and the boundary
lines of these tracts can be as dis-
tinctly traced as If made today. These
farmers lived within the palisades,
for It was sometimes dangerous to
live, unprotected by soldiers. The
farmers liad rents to pay for the farm
lands, similar to the Inhabitants
of the village. But where a
farmer had two i)laces, one in
tlic country, and one in the city, a
different and lower rate of rents was
demanded. This list doubtless con-
tains "h" names o. the most influen-
tial of the first settlers of Detroit,
and many of them are familiar as
the ancestors of tlie families of
French descent, still remaining with
us.

I give the name of the lot owner,
the number of his lot and the date
of the conveys nee and consideration
paid.

(iV(? ^fap on opposite page.)

DETROIT'S ORIGINAL. COLONISTS.

1— Pierre Cliesnp, March in. 1707. for :i
livres rent and 10 llvrea for other rights
srlven up, all payable in furs, or In such
coined money as may be current.

2— Andie Cliouet. dit Cameraud. March 10,
1707, for 3 livres rent and 10 livres for other
rlKhts

3— Pierre Taverau, dlt La Grandeur,
March 10, 1707, for 38 sols rent and 10 livres
for other rights. This lot was afterwards
conveyed to Robert Germain. A sol, or
sou, was a small coin, or penny.

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DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC,

4— .Idsepli Despro. or Depre, March 10,
1707, for 2 llvres rent and 10 llvres for other
rights,

5— Solomon Joseph Dvs Vestln, March 10,
1707, for 40 sols rent and 10 llvres for other
riRhts. This lot was sold to Richnrd le
Michel IJizailluii.

6— Pierre I>KPr, dit Parlsien, March 10,
1707, for 40 sols rent and 10 llvres for other
rights. This lot was sold to Jacques Car-
dinal.

7— Bonaventure Corhplen, dit L'Esper-
ance. March 10, 1707, for 24 sols rent
and 10 llvres for other rights. This lot was
sold to Francis L.ivernols.

8— Jacob de Marsac, dit Desrocher.
March 10, 1707, for 3 llvres and 2 sols rent
and 10 llvres for other rights.

9— Ms. D'Argenteuii. March 10, 1707. for
50 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.
This lot waiJ sold to Nicolas Ro-se.

10— Jean Richard, March 10, 1707, for 40
sols rent and 10 livres for other rights. This
lot w.as abandoned and afterward granted to
Jacques Hubert.

11— Jean Labatler, dit Champaign,
March 10, 1707, 2 llvres rent and 10 livres
for other rights. This man's name is given
in another place as Abatis. This lot was
surrendered March 27, 1709.

12— Estlenne Boutron, dit Major, March 10,
1707. 3 llvres rent and 10 livres for other
rights. This lot reverted to Cadillac and
was newly granted to Antoine Magnant.

13— Pierre Hemard, March 10, 1707, for 50
sols rent and 10 livres for other rights. This
lot was sold to Jacques Hubert.

14 — Antoine Dupuis, dit Beauregard. March
10, 1707, 3 livres rent and 10 livres for other
rights. This lot was sold to Jean Bap-
tiste Duplessis.

1.5— Jacques Ijanglois, March 10, 1707, for
6 livres and 10 sols rent and 10 llvres for
other rights.

16— Gulllaume Bouet, dit Deliard, March
10, 1707, for 2 llvres and 10 .sols rent, and
10 livves for other rights. This lot was
subsequently sold to Pierre Robert.

17— Michel Masse, March 10, 1707, for 8
llvres and 8 sols rent and 10 livres (or
other rights.

IS— Michel Canipo, March 10, 1707, for 5
llvres and 6 sols rent and 10 livres for other
rights.

19— Louis Normanii, March 10. 1707. for 2
livres and 10 sols rent and 10 llvres for
other rights. This was subsequently sold to
Alexis Lemoine.

^0— Francois Tesee. March 10, 1707, for 40
sols rent and 10 llvres for other rlght:i. On
the 20th of June, 1710, this parcel was con-
veyed to Antoine Carriere.

21— Pierre Chantelon, March 10, 1707, for
56 sols rent and 10 llvres for other rights.
This lot was later conveyed to Jean Le
Soeur.

22— Francois Bienvenue, dit de L'Isle,
March 10. 1707, for 3 llvres rent, and 10
livres for other rights. Many descendants
of this man still live in and around Detroit.
They generally go by the name of Dellsle,
and some of them have coupled the two
names together, as Bienvenue-Dellsle.

2S_pierre Est eve, March 10, 1707, for 50 sols
rent and 10 llvres for other rights.

24-Bliiise Surgere, March 10, 1707. for 3
livres rent and 10 llvres for other rights.

25_pierre Porrler, March 10. 1707, for 50
sols rent and 10 llvres for other rights.

2fi— Antoine Ferron, March 10, 1707, for 40
sols rent, and 10 livres for other rights.

27— Pierre Tacet, March 10, 1707. for 50 sols
rent and 10 livres for other rights. This
was afterwards f>old to Jean Coutent.

28— Francois Fafard de Lorme, March 10.
1707. for 4 llvres and 10 sols rent, and 10
llvres for other rights.

29— Michel Disier. March 10, 1707, for 50
sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

30— Jacob de Marsac, March 10, 1707. for
40 sols rent and 10 llvres for other rights.
This lot was sold to Charles Charon.

31 — "A man named Rencontre." March 10,

1707. for ,50 sols rent and 10 livres for other
privileges. There was a "Rencontre" street
in the village, which. I suppose took its
name from this person.

32 — "A man named Desloriers," March 10.

1708. for 50 sols rent and 10 livres for other
rights.

33— A man named Xalntonge. March 10,
170S. for 50 sols rent and 10 livrcS for other
rights. Tlie name seems to indicate that
the owner of this parcel was an Indian,
though it would not be very likely that an
Indian would pay rent, or would follow a
trade. He sold a lot to " a man named
Bouche.'

34 — Jacques Du Moulin. March 10, 1708,
for 3 llvres rent and 10 llvres for other
righta.

35 — Guilleaume Aquef, dit. Laporte, March
10. 1708, .'or 50 sols rent and 10 livres for
other rights. This grantee in other places is
named Aquenet. Pierre Chesne, who owned
the lot on Ste. Anne street, adjacent to this

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

lot. purchased it, thus giving him two
frontiit^es. one on Ste. Anne and the other
on St. Joachim street.

Pierre Chesne (or Chene, as it is now
commonly called), was one of the most
Important men of that early day, and
many of his descendants still reside in
Detroit.

3fJ— Louis Gustineau. March 10, 1708, for
50 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

37— Joseph Parent, March 10, 1707. for 3
llvrfcs rent and 10 livres for other rights.
Parent was a blacksmith. It has been
stated by some who have written regarding
IJetroit's early history, that Parent and
Pierre Roy were living among the Indians
in the neighborhood of Detroit before the
arrival of Cadillac and his party, and con-
sequently that they were the first white
people here.

38— Martin Ririer, March 10, 1707. tor 3
livres rent and 10 livres for other rights.
Nicolas Rivard, afterwards purchased this
parcel.

.39— Qullenchlve. March 10. 1707. for SO.aols
rent and 10 livres for other rights. Tlie
grantee was an Indian chief, I think, and
he afterward.^ sold the parcel to Julien
Dervisseau.

40— M. Derance, March 10, 1707, for 30 sols
rent and 10 livres for other rights.

41— Du Figuier. March 10. 1707, for 54 sols
rent and 10 livrew for other rights. The lot
was surrendered by Du Figuier and resold
to Paul Guillet.

42— La Montagne. called Pierre Mouet,
March 10, 1707, for 4 livres, 10 sols rent
and 10 livres for other rights. Baptlste
Trudeau subsequently purchased this prop-
erty.

43— Pierre Mallet, March 10, 17u7, for 8
li\res rent and 10 livres for other rights.

44— Antoine Dufre.sne. March 14, 1708, for 5
livres rent and 10 livres for other rights.

45— Jean Baptiste Chornlc. March 10, 1708,
for 32 sols rent and 10 livres for other
rights. Subsequently transferred to Jean
Chevalier.

46— Jean Casse. March 10, 1708, for 50 soU
rent and 10 livres for other rights. Sold
to Zacharie Plante.

47— Paul Langlois, March 10, 1707. for 50
sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

48— Jerome Marliard, March 10, 1707, for
40 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

4S— Andre Bombardle, March 10, 1707i for
50 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

50— Pierre Du Roy. March 10, 1707. for
i livres rent and 10 livres for other rights.

51— Pierre Roy, March 10, 1707, for 3 livres
18 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

52— Piancols Marque, March 10, 17'J7, for
26 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.
Jean Paquet pu.chased this lot.

53— Antoine Magnant. March 20. 1708, for
5 livres rent and 10 livres for other rights,

54— Francois Bonne, July 7. 1708, at 5
livres rent and 10 livres for other rights.

55— Toussaints Dardennes. March 20, 1708,
at 30 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

56— Pierre Bassinet. March 20, 1708, at
20 sols rent and 10 livres for other rights,

57— Francois Brunet. June 20, 1708, at 40
sola rent and 10 livres for other rights.

58— Antoine Beauregard, July 17, 1708, at
i2 livres rent and 10 livres for other riglits.
This was surrendered to Cadillac.

59— Marie Le Page, March 20, 1707, at 3
livres 12 sols rent and 10 livres for other
rights. This is the only record of a con-
veyance to a woman m tne early Detroit.
Madam Le Page had a husband living at
this time, but subsequent events, as well
as this conveyance, lead me to think that
he had separated from her— probably with
just cause. Her name and a little of her
history appears in the directory below.

60— Jacques Campo, March 1. 1709. at 40
sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

61-Jean Serond. March 10, 1707, at 50 sols
rent and 10 iivres for otlier rights, Joeepli
Trudeau bought this lot subsequently.

62— Pierre Robert, March 14. 1709. at 6
livres rent and 10 livres for other rights.

63— Larramee, March 6, 1707, for 50 sols
rent and 10 livres for other rights.

64— Rene Le Moine, March 20, 1709, at 40
sols rent and 10 livres for other rights.

65 — Jacques Le Moine. Sept. 1, 1706. at
40 sols rent and 10 livres for other righiH.

66— I'aul C.ulilet, Dec. 10, 1709, at livres
rent and 10 livres for otlier riglits,

67— Joseph Rinard, June 27, 1710, at 30 sols
rent and 10 livres for other rights.

68— Antoine Tuffe, called du Fresne, June
28, 1710, at 2 livres rent and 10 liv es for
other rights,
CADILLAC'S TENANT FARMERS,

Of the garden lands within tlie fort
v,-e have tlie record of only two trans-
fer.s, of half an arpent each, one to
Beauregard and the other to Dellsle.
The rate of rental in each case was
1 sol per foot, making 4 livres and 10

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Holfs. The price fixes the size of a lialf
arpent as SO feet front.

The farm lanclp, ko far as we now
know, were nearly all granted up
stream, from the fort. One grant, and
the only one of which we had positive
Itnowledge, up to the discovery of the
transfers I liave recently unearthed,
was to de Lorme. This farm is still
call( d the de Lorme farm, ' from
its original proprietor, and is
situat(> in the lownsiiip of
Grosse Point e, a short distance
east of the present water worlds.
Having the exact location of this farm,
and tiie boundary lines of the others,
it v/ould not be as difflcult a task
to plari out tlic Frencli concessions
as ii has been to map the ancient city.

I have a li?t of 31 of these farm
grants; some wore made to lot owners
in the city. The list of grantees is as
follows:

1, Piirre Alallet; 2, Francois Fafard
de Lorme; 3, liapliste Gorion; 4, Ja-
cob de Marsac; G, Andre Bombardie; 6,
Pierre Hemard; 7, iionaventure Com-
pien; 8, Jerome Marliara; 9, Pierre Es-
teve; 10, Estienne Boutron; 11, Antoine
Dupuis; 12, Joseph Parent; 13, Michael
Dizier; H, Francois Hosseron; 15, Jacob
de Marsac; 10, Antoine Dupuis (this is
tlie same as No. 11, above); 17, Fran-
cois Marque; IS, Jacques L'Anglois; li),
Paul L'Anglois; 20, Antome Texicr; 21,
Francois Jardis, 22, Pierre Chant2lor;
23, Jean Richard; 24, "a man named
Laloiro, 25, Pierre Leger; 26, "a
man named Lefleur;" 27, Micliel Cam-
pos; 28, Jean Durant; 29, Blaise Sur-
gere; 30, Francois Masse; 31, Damois-
sell Magdalaino de la ^Mothe (Cadil-
lac's daughter),) a tract of land extend-
ing from the lliver Ecorse, three
leagues, 9 mile.s, witli a depth of nve
leagues, 15 miles, and including Grosse
lie and all other islands in the vicin-
ity.

In addition to the above grants
were 13 gardens, of half an arpent
each, as follows:

1, Monsieur Dargenteuil; 2, Pierre
Mallet; 3, Jacob de Marsac; 4,
Jacque.j Langiois; 5, Louis Normand;
6, Pierre Esteve; 7, Jerome Marller; 8,

Michael Disier; 9, Estienne Boutron;

10, Bonaventui'P Compiens; 11,

Chanlelor; 12, Pierre Porrier; 13. Pierre
Lpger.

T believe that the above lists will
give the names of every resident in
Detroit up to the year 1708, excepting
only the priest, the officers of the
company and the soldiers.

CADILLACS HOMESTEAD.

Where did Cadillac live?

I cannot answer this question satis-
factorily now, though I think he lived
on the northwest corner of St. Fran-
cois and Ste. Anne streets, near the
church. If I am right his house was on
what is now the north side of Jeffer-
son avenue, lialf way between Gris-
wold and Shelby streets, about
where the old Masonic hall

stands. You will observe that the
properties bringing the highest prices
were those on Ste. Anne street, in
the ^ immediate vicinity of this
land. This would naturally fol-
low, if the house of the com-
mandant was located here, St. Anne
street, at this point, was the Wood-
ward avenue of the little city, and
here the aristocracy lived with Cadillac
m their midst,

What kind of houses did they have?

From all I have so far learned, tlie
modern idea of a log house was un-
kncwn to them. I think their houses,
even these of the better classes, con-
sisted of stakes, driven into the
ground as closely together aa
possible and the interstices

filled with mortar or mud.
These pickets wore cut off, even, at
the top, and a pitch-roof of split rails
put on. Sawing lumber by hand was
too liifhcult a job to permit much
sawed lumber to be used, and what
could be thus obtained was for inter-
ior work, doers, sluitters, etc.

It is very probable that no houses
had windows, except thoso of the
vvealthiest citizens. Glass, for win-
dows, was doubtless very scarce and
very expensive. I can find no certain
tfcorti that there was any glnss win-
dov/s at all, though in the description

of the church occurs the statement
that it containefl a window with shut-
tcre and sa.sh frames between, "of
20 squares," each. The squares may
refer to the small panes of glass, com-
mon even until a few years since, in
church window's.

A short time after Cadillac left De-
troit, to l^ecome governor of Louisi-
ana, in 1711, he had a complete inven-
toiy of his btlonging.s in Detroit, made
by Pierre Cheane and Anloine Mag-
nant, and the priest, Father Cherubin
Deniaux, and this property was turned
over to Pierre Roy for safe keeping.
From this list we obtain an idea of
the building-s owned by Cadillac, and
1 append their full description.
CADILLAC'S BUILDINGS.
A warehou.'ie 37i^ feet long and 22
feet wide, 8 feet high, boarded top and
•bottom with thick planks of oak, the
top with a good ridge and the bottom
with square Joints, with Us shutters
and doors and locks closing with a
kiy, and a wooden staircase, a press
for pressing furs, a counter, three
.shelves for books, lined with boards
for one-fourth of the height.

Another house of stakes in earth,
33Vi feet long, 19 feet wide and S feet
high, half of planks above, with
joints in a good ridge and the rest of
stakes, and below, half of beams with
square joints, half mortised, and the
other part of split stakes, with four
cabinets, with their, doors and locks
closing with keys. The said hou.se
having window shutters and a door
closing with a key.

A small cellar adjoining the said
house, boarded below with split stakes
with a shutter and a door closing
with a key. Also a porch at the door
of said house with the door and lock.
Another house of stakes in earth,
lb feet long. 12% wide, CVi high, board-
ed with split stakes above, and below
half of sawn beams with square
joints, and the other half without
boarding; with its shutters and a door
closing with a key. Also a cabinet In
the house, with a door and Its hinges,
also a postern outside the house,

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC. 18

fram ?(i with Its lock. Also a cellar 12^!
feet long by 6 wide, adjoining the
house, with a door and its iron work.

Another inferior house of stakes in
earth, 1(1 ft-et long, 12 wide, without
either door or shutters, serving as a
shed for cattle.

Also a barn 50 feet long by 27 feet
wide and 11 high, the top roofed with
wood, having its tenons broken, with
its "battrier" of 34 joists and partly
worn out. surrounded with stakes in
earth joined together.

Another house 33 feet long, 21 wide.
9 high, boarded above with split stakes!
surrounded with stakes in earth, nei-
ther closing with a door nor by shut-
ters, having only four sashes of the
shutters and the two side timbers of
the door.

Also a dove cote, raised on four
wooden posts, 6 feet high, 10 square,
surrounded with oak beams two
inches thick, with square joints, cov-
ered with .straw, the two gable ends
of earth, its door and its hinges.

Also an ice house 15 feet square and
B high out of the ground and 15 feet
deep in the ground, boarded with split
beams, with its door closing with a
key.

Also a building u.sed as a church, ,35
feet long, 24V^ wide, 10 high, boarded
entirely above, with oak Joists in a
good ridge, and below of beams with
square joints; with its doors, windows
and shutters, and sash frames between
of 20 squares each, the whole closing
with a key.

Also a her y bell.

OCCUPATIONS OF THE PEOPLE.

1 ht<ve been asked what the people
in Detroit did during tlie period of
the command of Cadillac. At first
they were particularly engaged in
putting up the small houses that serv-
ed to shelter them from ;i;e ra'n and
cold, and erecting the palisades that
protected them from the Indians. At
the end of the first year after the
founding of the village, and on the
25th of September, 1'02, Cadillac sent
a report, covering 5;> closely written
pages of manuscript, descriptive of

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

what he had done and seen around
Detroit, and his plans for the future
great city. His letter is very Inter-
esting and some Ideas can be ob-
tained from it to show the occupa-
tions of liis colonist."?.

T^he palisades he had erected en-
closed an arpent of land, making
nearly 800 feet of ricket line. These
pickets were small trees, six or eight
inches in diameter, driven three or
four feet into the earth, and extend-
ing some 12 to 15 feet above the
ground. There were no women at
D -oit during the first year, and
probably the men huddled together
two or three or more in a hut, but
as time went on and women began
to come from Quebec and Montreal
to join their husbands, each family
had its own house.

Wild fruit, berries and nuts, grew
in great abundance, and the people
gathered all they could to preserve
for the coming winter. When the
convoy left Montreal it had carried
only sufflcient food to last for three
months, and food had to be procured
from the Indians and from hunting,
to enable the people to live until
the next harvest time. They had ar-
rived too late to grow any crops
for the fall of 1701, but all hands
that could be spared were set at
work, preparing the soil for wheat,
a quantity of which Cadillac had
brought along for seed. This wheat,
which he called French wheat, was
sown on the 7th of October, 1701, and
was cut on the 21st of the succeeding
July. The land was not properly pre-
pared, but the crop was good.
THEY TILLED THE VIRGIN SOIL.

In the spring of 1702 he attempted
to raise some spring wheat, but was
not as successful as with his fall
sowing. In the summer of 1702 he
had land prepared, and directed Ton-
ty, his lieutenant, to have 20 arpents
sowed by the 20th of September.
Twelve arpents were sown with In-
dian corn, which came up eight feet
high, and of this there was an abund-
ant crop. Every soldier, and there
were 50 of them, had a small garden

of half an acre for liis own cultiva-
tion, and the civilians cultivated larger
tr^-'cts of land, so that in the winter
of 1702, there were besides the gar-
dens, 60 arpents of wheat.

Grapes grew in abundance along
the river shore, and an arpent of
land was set apart, tilled, and set
out with the choicest grapevines, in
hopes that cultivation would improve
the fruit.

To use Cadillac's own words: "All
this is no easy task, as everything
has to be carried on the shoulders,
for wf have no oxen or horses yet
to draw loads, nor to plough, and
to accomplish it, it is necessary to be
very active."

The Indians were induced to gather
around the fort and form settlements.
Below or to the right of the fort were
stationed the Hurons, and they had
cultivated 200 arpents of land, prob-
ably all in Indian corn. Above the
fort were the Oppenagos or Wolves
(Loups). They occupied that portion
of the city which was for many years
known as the King's commons, and
after the lire of 1S05 was known, and
is now known, as the governor and
judges' plan. When Cadillac permit-
ted the Oppenagos to occupy this land
it was with the understanding that
they should remove whenever the land
was needed as a commons. A mile
and a half further up the river he
located four tribes of the Ottawas.
The Miamis also came and asked for
land and they were accommodated.
A truce had been patched up between
the French and Indians on one side
and the Iroquois on the other, so that
the Iroquois came to the settlement
in numbers, but they did not remain
there as the other tribes did.
FIRST WHITE WOMEN SETTLERS.

Madam Cadillac and Tonty's wife,
the first white women of the west,
came In the spring of 1702, and from
this time on families began to come,
and those men who were already at
the settlement sent for their wives
and children. Everything appearea
very prosperous and Cadillac was in
good spirits. He supposed that he

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

owned Detroit and that the trade to
be carried on with it was his, but in
1703 he learned that the company of
the colony of Canada claimei the
trade of the new post, and ht was
obliged to surrender his rig'htp to the
company. Frb'm this company he re-
ceived a salary as commandant, but
his interest iM the prosperity of the
post was gone and he gave littls en-
couragement to people at Montreal
and Quebec to settle at the new place.
He made great efforts to regain his
lost rights, and in 1705 he was en-
tirely successful and the company was
directed to return to him everything
that he had before possessed.

Now again did the people begin to
flock to Detroit. More people came
now than ever before, and a greater
prosperity seemed to attend the en-
terprise. The limits of the village
Inclosure were extended to permit the
erection of more dwellings for the
new comers. Lots were granted to
those who would build within the pal-
isades, gardens were granted to those
who would cultivate them, near the
fort, and farms were staked off for
others who would follow that pursuit.
Every man had his occupation and
there were no drones. There were
farmers, artisans and soldiers. Every
man was a hunter and during the
hunting season one may well conceive
that the village was nearly deserted
and that only a sufllcient numVer re-
mained to protect the place from the
savages. In 1706 Cadillac brought three
horses and 10 head -^f cattle to the
place. Evidently tw .. of the horses
died, for in 1711 there was only one
horse, named Colin, " remaining, but
the cattle multiplied and at that date
there were 29 animals belonging to
Cadillac.

PLEASURES OP THE POST.
While the lines of caste were pretty
strictly drawn to separate Cadillac
and his immediate friends and com-
panions from the soldiers and voy-
ageurs, the latter associated on friend-
ly and intimate terms with the Indi-
ans. The unmarried soldiers were en-

couraged to n'larry the Indian women,
and a close study of the parish rec-
ords of Canada incline me to lu'lieve
that it wa.-5 no very unoomnion thing
iur a citizen to have left behind him
a lawful wife and to have se'ected an-
other .11 Detroit from some savage
trilje. I cannot in any other way t^c-
count for the disappearance oi some
individual at Quebec or Montreal or
Batiscan or some of the eastern par-
ishes, and the sudden and unexpected
appearance of an individual of the
same name, whose ancestry is the
same, or is undefined, with a new wife
while the eastern wife is still in the
land of the living. The collecting to-
gether of all the parish records of
Canada has disclosed many items of
this nature.

There were no law courts or judges
In this city in the wilderness and Cad-
illac was the all powerful czar of the
settlement. Always clad in military
garments, with his sword clanging
as it .struck the ground, in his mili-
tar.v parade through the etreets of the
village, all hats were off at his ap-
proach and he owed obedience to but
one individual— the village priest. That
*iword practicing was one of the jjleas-
ures of the post is very evident from
•he fact that wlien Cadillac left De-
li oit there were 18 swords inventoried
among his effects. I do not find the
record of any musical instruments
and yet dancing must have been one
mean.-; of whiling away the long win-
ter evenings. In the summer time
we know that lacrosse was a favorite
frame with both the French and sav-
ages, and the acquaintance and
Irlendship originatini; in tlieir sum-
mer games must have been continued
through the winter in something of
uniform pleasure to both classes.
Tliere could be no sleigh ride parlies,
for there were no horses, but possibly
there was coasting on the hillside neat
the river, and I find in Cadillac's
property an account of one hundred
small trumpets, probably used to stir
up the enthusiasm of the young sav-
ages in their hours of amusement.

IB DETROIT I'NDER CADILLAC

SUPPRESSION BY THE JESUITS.

The older men of both the French
and Indians could gather round the
open fire in the great cabins of the
Indians and smolte and tell stories,
but for the younger people a more
active pleasure must be devised. It
is possible that the soldiers arranged
theatricals, but if they did, these were
for the benefit of the French only, for
it can scarcely be possible that an In-
dian would understand a play.

In 1694 Cadillac had reported the at-
tempt of the Jesuits to suppress the
playing of Nicomede and Mithridate
by the soldiers at Quebec, and the
Jesuits were partly successful in their
tirade. If the :?oldiers desired to en-
tertain themselves in this manner
at Quebec, it is not difficult to be-
lieve that they made the same at-
tempt at Detroit, where they would
not be reproached by the .clergy. There
was an al)undance of brandy always
on hand in the pui)lic storehouse, for
every boat brought a quantity from
below, and as early as 1706 a l^rewery
was erected and Joseph Parent was
employed at Montreal to come here as
a brewer.

CADILLAC'S POWERS.

There was certainly no Acadian
simplicity among the people who lived
In Detroit during Cadillac's time. They
were continually ciuarreling with each
other and with the commandant, and
entering protests and complalrfts
against those in authority. Instances
of this quarreling are very evident
from the great number of Jesuit let-
ters written on the subject, and some
contentions are mentioned in Cadil-
lac's correspondence.

A clerk named Desnoyers, sent to
represent the Company of the Colony,
was considered by Cadillac disobedi-
ent and contumacious. Cadillac im-
prisoned him for two hours. Desnoy-
ers considered himself of great im-
portance in the settlement and resent-
fd the imprisonment as an insult. He
immediately made preparations to re-
turn to Montreal, and was about to
set out on his journey when he was

again arrested and imprisoned. Com-
plaint was made against Cndillac and
he defended himself to Cc unt Pont-
chai train.

On being asked why he imprisoned
the clerk, he replied:

"I did so because it is laid down in
my orders that nobody, officer or
otherwise, is to set out from Detroit
without my permission, yet the clerk
Desnoyers, to continue his disobedi-
ence, had nis boat put in the water
and loaded for Montreal (as he says)
without speaking of it to me or say-
ing anything to me about it, claiming
always that he was not subordinate
to me."

The company threatened to bf even
with him for thus using, or misusing,
their clerk. This imprisonment, Cadil-
lac asserts, is his great "crime." "The
audacity to imprison one of their serv-
ants, whom they appointed as their
principal clerk, a waif and a poor
wretch, who came here not knowing
which way to turn on his arrival in
this country. As to my powers, they
are very ample, being to punish ac-
cording to circumstances, by censures,
by reprimands, by arrests, by impris-
onment, or by deprivation of civil
rights; and in case of distinct disobe-
dience, to run my sword through any
one who has so offiiided against me.
It is by reason of the remoteness that
these orders have always been given
to me, and on account of the sedi-
tions and Intrigues which have been
attempted to be formed here, which I
have known quite well how to re-
press."

There is one more subject of Inter-
est on which I desire to add a few
answer the oft repeated question of
"Who was the first white man at
Detroit?" Not who were the first
persons passing through the strait,
but who first landed at Detroit with
a determination to make that place
his future home? This question
would not have arisen except for
statements in some of the earlier
Michigan histories, which allege that
Pierre Roy and Joseph Parent were
located at Detroit before Cadillac

DETROIT UNDER CADII-LAC.

came. I believe th* statament has no
foundation in faot, and f wil. try to
prove it 3 untrutfj.

Cadillac asserts, in one of hiH earlj'
letters, that no one had ever visited
this part of t*^e country before. He
certainly would not bave made such
a statement if two men were then
livl.iK there, for he knew these men,
as they were both member.^ of his
colony. Pierre Roy married an In-
dian woman. I take it for granted
that he married her within a short
time after flrs t meet-ng her and that
•he brought her to the villaso as soon
as they weie married. Their first
child was baptized on April 27, 1704,
about three years after the village
was founded.

Now this evidence is only circum-
stantial, of course, but it is sufficient
to make one believe that imless Roy
came with Cadillac, ho did not come
at all until the year 1702 or 1703. De-
troit was a sort of neutral ground,
not occupied by any Indians perman-
ently, for it was above the lands of
the Iroquois and below the lands oc-
cupietl by the other Indian tribes wi^h
whom the Iroquois were then at war.
JOSEPH PARENT'S RECORD.

The other man who is supposed to
have been here prior to Cadillac's
time, was .loseph Parent. Joseph
Parent was the son of Pierre Parent,
of Quebec, and was born at that
place Jan. 27, 1669. Jan. 31, 1690, he
married Magdeleine Marette, at Beau-
port. He removed to Quebec where
his first child, .loseph, was born, Aug.
13, 1690. His second child, Marie Mag-
deleine, was born Dec. 15, 1G92; the
third was Jean Baptiste, born 1694,
•95 or '96; the fourth. Marguerite, born
July 7, 1698; the fifth, Pierre, born
about 1700; sixth, Marie Anne, born
May 22, 1702; seventh, Gilbert, bor
Dec. 3, 1703; eighth, .loseph Marie,
born April 25, 1705. He then removed
to Detroit, where his ninth child was
born, July 21, 1709.

If anything further was neet^ed to
show that he could not have lived in
this country before the coming of
Cadillac, we have a contract made by

him CI March 9. 1706, in which lie
ai^recs 'o go to Detroit, from Mon-
treal, to work at his trade as master
toolmaker and brewer, for three vears.

I have thus shown conclusively, I
tliink, that neither Roy nor Parent
lived at or near the present location
of Detroit in the year 1700, or before
Cadillac came, but that Cadillac is, In
fact, our first man.
DIRECTORY OF DETROIT, 1701 TO 171(».

I have compiled a list of all the
people who were in or about Detroit
during the first nine years of its ex-
istence from the founding of the city,
in 1701, till the time that Cadillac
ceased to be commandant, in 1710. This
list is arranged as nearly alphabetic-
ally as the peculiarity of names will
permit, and, I believe, upon the same
rulfs that govern the compilation of
directories, so that this is, in fact, a
directory of the city for the nine years
mentioned.

The foundation of this compilation is
entirely unpublished manuscripts, from
which tlie names have been taken as
they occur, and hence the spelling is
sometimes improper: but where a name
has occurred more than once in these
manuscripts I have chosen that spell-
ing which seems most proper.

The ma.lority of these people were
unable to write or spell the'r names,
and the commandant, priest or notary
in whose writings the names occur
spell them according to sound, or to
his ideas of orthography.

This would be a further reason for
imperfection in spelling. "Where a ptr-
soii knew how to write his or her
name, it was in a mechanical man-
ner; the signer would evidpnlly some-
times forget what letters should form
the name, and consequently would
omit in some signatures letters that
apiiear in other places written by the
same party.

All these things have to be contend-
ed with and an imperfect name is
not an evidence of lack of earnest
study to make my work complete.
SOURCES OF INB-ORMATION.

Three important series of manu-
scripts have been carefully examined

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

for the jjurpose of ascprtainlng the
names plven herewith, and the In ■
formation contained 'n conn utlon
with the names is taken from these
three sources.

The manu.scrlpts consist of, first,
the letters and reports of Cadillac.
These letters are in the a"chives In
Paris. They are very volui. ilnous and
very interestlnp from an historical
standpoint. I have a copy of every
one that has been so far discovered.
Second, the records of the church of
Ste. Anne, In this city. These records
are peculiarly valuable, and contain
many items of historical Interest, be-
sides the birth, marriag-e and death
notices. The catholic church, so far as
my observation goes, has always been
very careful to keep a record of its
members, their births, ancestry, mar-
riage and deaths. The facts relative
to each individual are made matters
of record in their churches.

Detroit is no exception to this rule,
and although we occasionally find mat-
ters in other places that show omis-
sions and errors in the church records,
they are few and only discovered on
diligent study of each Individual's life.

There was a church building erected
and a church record begun as early
as 1701. The church was destroyed by
fire in 1703, and the records, consisting
probably of only a sheet or two of
paper, were burned with the church. A
new building was at once put up and a
new record commenced in 1704.

WONDERFIII. TNDIVIDUAI. REC-
ORD.

The third series of manuscripts con-
sists of the notarial ret ords on file in
the department of justice, in the city
of Montreal. These contain lists of
parties who were employed to go to
Detroit with the traders, as bargemen
or laborers. Many ol them sought
employment in this manner, simply
to pay their expenses to the upper
country, with the intention of remain-
ing here if the surroundings suited
them, and consequently some of the
oldest French families in the city can
find the names of their ancestors in
these contracts. There are a great

many of these contracts, and I have
made copies of all such as pertain to
Michigan, making several large vol-
umes of closelj -written manuscripts,
between the years 16!K) and 1760.

These, then, form the basis from
which I have worked in making this
directory. When this portion of my
labor was completed, I turned for con-
firmation and further assistance to
Taiiguay's Dictionnalre GenealoglQue
of French families. Too much cannot be
said In commendation of this work.
The author, Fr. Cyprlen Tanguay,
collected the registers of all tlie
French catholic churches of Can-
ada and Michigan, and, with
incredible patience, compiled the
entire matter into a grand work of
seven volumes. By means of this com-
pilation one can trace a French catho-
lic from the time of his leaving France
until his death; can there find the
names of the parents, wife and chil-
dren of any of these people. In con-
sequence of the wide scope of this
work it is possible to follow the domi-
ciles and determine the occupation of
any person, no matter where ho lived
in Canada, or how often he changed
residences.

In each church where the individ-
ual's name appears in the register, suf-
ficient data are given with It to iden-
tify him, and when these records are
all brought together, as Fr. Tanguay
has collected them, we have the his-
tory of every Frenchman.
DF/PRdlT'S MISTY EARLY STORY.

We have a similar work of Iccal im-
portance now in process of compila-
tion nearly completed I believe. I ro-
fer to the work of Rev. Fr. Denis.sen
of St. Charles' church of this city.
His work Is founded upon the same gen-
eral principles as that of Fr. ranguay,
but Is confined to Detroit and Wind-
sor and vicinity. Fr. Denis-
sen. hoTvever, has gone out-
side the 1 ,:ords of the church and
has taken --leh other authencK> records
as he can find, and, as he I bought,
adapted to his purposes. It. is well
known that after the termination of
the French regime in 1760 and extend-

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC

Ing e^en as late iia 1818, v< ry many
protestanta wero baptized in the cath-
olic church. There was no other church
hero to perform this ceremony. Many
of these became converts and their
names are frecjuently found in th.i
succeeding pages of the church record.

It Is, however, to the first 10 yeai.^
of our city's history that we look for
the ancestry of many of our older ft-m-
ilies. The men who came with Cadil-
lac and tliose who came to him after
his first establishment include the
names of Chene, Campau, Belislo,
DeLisle, Chapoton, St. Aubin and
many others.

CONFUSION OF EARLY NAMES.

I confess that I do not understand
how the old French names are made
up. It seems to me that prior to the
time that Detroit was founded, each
of a family, on his attaining his ma-
jority, took to himself such a name
as he saw fit— possibly taking the
name from some tract of land— some
senlory that he possessed and named.
Thus we have, in many instances, a
family of brothers each bea'-ing differ-
ent names. The use of the given
nam© was Mttle known and was
scarcely ever employed except in
official documents where the individual
was referred to as being the son of
some person whose full name was
given. Even as late as 1700 the use
of the surname was not fully under-
stood and it is no infrequent circum-
stance to find the name of a descend-
ant entirely unlike that of his ances-
tor.

I call to mind now, a few local
names affected by the uncertainty of
names, as the family of St. Aubin.
The Detroit ancestor of this family
was named Casse and the name St.
Aubin was attached as a nickname.
His children bore the same name of
Casse, but as the third generation was
reached, the name St. Aubin was fre-
quently used alone and the name Casse
omitted; after the lapse of 150 years
the name St. Aubin is all that remains
and the Casse is forgotten. Take the
family of Beaubiens. Their family
name was Cullliere. The LafCertys

belong to the family of /isslere.
These are only Illustrations. There
are many other families in Detroit
that have as abruptly and unceremon-
iously changed their surnames and it
needs the constant watch upon eacl
name to be able to trace the famlUer
through the generations. Another
thing about these early French peo-
ple that appears odd to us is that
the A^omen, upon marriage, did not
take the i.ame of their husbands.
Wherever a woman is referred to her
maiden name is given, followed by the
statement that ? he is the wife of
some person who Is named and also
frequently followed by the names of
her parents. This peculiarity fre-
quently assists one in tracing the
identity of names otherwise obscure.

DETROIT'S FIRST DIRECTORY.

Abatis. Jean (or Labbatu, see Labatier).

Aguenet (or Aguet). called I.rfir'Ort, Gull-
leaunie. (Possibly the name :=houia be
HaguenotJ.

Arnauld Bertrand. merchant, came to De-
troit .luly 18, 1702.

Badelllac. Louis, cUed I>aplante, mado
an agreement to come to Detroit May 29,
1701. the first convoy.

Bannois. Jeanne. She was the first wife
of GulUaume Bouche, and died in 1703. This
name Is given by Tanguay as Beauvals.

Barlteau. Julian, called I>a Marche, came
May 30. 1705.

Baron, Denys, voyageur.came June 21, 1706.

Barthe (called Belleville). Jean, a soldier,
came Oct. 10. 1706.

Barthe (called Belleville), Marie Char-
lotte, daughter of Jean Barthe, above.
Bom Oct. 27, 1709.

Bassinet, Joseph, sieur Tourblanche. Came
April 2. 1707.

Bassinet, Pierre, brother of above. He
came April 2. 1707.

Baudreau. Gabriel. Gabriel Baudreau and
his wife. Catherine Foretier. were voyageurs
passing through Detroit on their way to
Mobile. Nov. 24. 1708.

Baudreau, Marie Doulse, daughter of
Gabriel Baudreau, baptised Nov. 24, 1708.

Baugret, Francois, called Uufort, 'came
Sept. 10. 1710.

Beauchamp, Jacques, came as bargeman.
May 30, 1705.

Beauchamp, Pierre, brother of above.
Came same time.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

BeauKis (or Baugls), Mlcliol, voyageur.

BeaurcKurd, see Dupuls.

Belllle (or Bellsle), Henry, llrHt surgeon
of the fort.

Besnard, Rene, came June 21, 170(i. Sol-
dier of Carlgnnn regiment.

Blenvenue, Alexis, son of Francois, be-
low. He married Josette Bouron. Jan. 17.
1740.

Blenvenue, called Delisle, Francois, came
Aug. 2, 1707. HlR first wife was Genevlevo
Lrfiferlere, and his second wife was Mari-
anne Lemolne. He was burled Sept. 29,
1761. aged 88 years. The transformatlDn of
French names I.** well Illustrated by this
oerson. His descendants are nearly uni-
versally known here by the name cf Dt-
llsle or DeLlsle, and the surname of two
centuries ago la not uncommomy uted to-
day, as a chrls-tlan name, and we frequently
find. Blenvenue, or Welcome, Dellsles In
our real estate records.

Blenvenue, Joseph, son of Francois Blen-
venue above, baptized March 5, 1704, and
burled Dec. 3, 1711.

Blenvenue. Marie, daughter of Francil.s
Blenvenue above. Baptized Dec. 8, 1705.
She married Jacques Roussel April 7, 1725.
She Is named Marianne In the marriage rec-
ord.

Blenvenue, Marie Joseph, daughter of
Francois Blenvenue, born Aug. 25. 1709.

Blenvenue, Rafael. Burled April 24, 1706,
aged 2 years. Unless this Is the same per-
son as Joseph Blenvenue, above. It Is
scarcely possible that Rafael was a son of
Francois Blenvenue. This Is the first re-
corded death In Detroit, though there Is
other evidence that a child of Alphonse de
Tonty died before the first church was
burned, in 1703, and that Madam Bou-he
died In 1703.

Blzalllon (or BIsalllon). Michel, son of
Benolt BIsalllon and of Louise Blaye, of
Clalrmont, In Auvergne. He married Mar-
guerite Fafard (dlt DeL«rme), June 30. 1710.

Bluteau. Agathe (In some places this
name is spelled Bulteau), wife of Francois
Judith Contant, dlt Rancontre.

Bollard. Jeanne, wife of Pierre Leger, dlt
Parlslen.

Bombardier (called la Bombards), Andre.
A aoldier and farmer.

Bombardier (called la Bombarde), Bernard
PhlUipe, son of Andre Bombardier above,
bom Oct. 12, 1709.

Bombardier, Jean. Son of Andre Bom-
twxdler above, bom July 18, 1707.

Bone, Morle Anne. The name probably
.'*hould be spelled Beaune. She wa» the
widow of Francois Liorry and daug'hter of
Jean Bone and Mary Magdelalne Bourigier.
She married Martin drier June 12, 1710.
She came to Detroit Apill 18, 1707, under
an agreement to serve Cadillac for three
years at 80 llvres per year.

l«onne, Francois.

Uonnet, Gulllaume (8urname<l Deliar<l)
Amorer. A native of the parish of Charles-
burg, near Quebec. He died Jan. 13, 1709.

Bosne, Francola. Came April 13, 1709.

BoMeron, Francois. (Tanguay spells the
name Beauceron.) Farmer. He was the
husband of Marie Le Page (which name
see.)

Botquin, Pierre (called St. Andre). A
soldier, came Oct. 19, 1706. An Inventoiry of
goods that he carried to Detroit in 1710
Includes 50 pounds of powder at 40 sols per
pound, 100 pounds of bullets at 10 sols per
pound, and 32 pots (of two quarts each)
of brandy at 45 sols per pot.

Boucher, Gulllaume. His flr.st wife was
named Jeanne Beauvaia, and after her
death, In 1703, he married Angelique
Tholme, widow of Pierre Robert, Aug. 16,
1716.

Boucher. Pierre. Esquire sleur de Bou-
chervlUe.

Bourdon, Pierre, Voyageur, came June
15, 1706. Married, in 1711, Marie Anne
Gouvon.

Bougery. Denis, came as bargeman, May
30. 1705.

Bourgery, Jean Louis. Brother of Denis,
cam« Sept. 14, 1710.

Bourg, Jean (called Laplerre). Voyageur,
came June 15, 1706.

Bourgoln (called St. Paul), DIdler. Soldier
of Montlgny. He signs Bourguln.

Boutron (called Major) Estlenne. Farmer

The name Estlenne shows one of the
common transformations of the French
worda. This is now commonly written
Etienne (Stephen), and the second letter
B has been dropped, as It has in Destroit,
Chesne. despot, and many other words.

Boutron (called Major), Marguerite.
Daughter of Etienne Boutron, above, born
Sept. 15, 1709.

Boutron, (called Major) Marie Angelique,
daughter of Etienne Boutron. baptized
July 5, 1707.

Boyer, Zaoharie. Voyageur, came May
20, 1708.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Boyer, Jean. Came as bargeman May
30, 170.-..

Brabant. Michel. Voyageur. came Aug.
2, i:07.

Bieunel, Anne (probably Intended for
Anne Bruneau, which see). Wife of LouU
Normand.

Briaset, Bernard. Came May 18. 1708.

Bruneau, Anne. Wife of Louis Normnnd
tilt Labrlerre.

Brunet, Francois dit Bourbonnals. Camn
May 30. 1705.

Buet, Bene. Came as bargeman May 30.
1705.

Butard. . Wlf» of . She died

Dec. 10, 1724, aged 30 to 32 years.

Cabazier, Charles. Voyageur, came June
13, 1707.

Cadleu, Pierre. Came as bargeman May
30, 170,5.

Cadillac. See De La Mothe.

Calllomeau, Louis. Came Sept. 8, 1710.
This name probably should be Galannaux.

Camerand. See Chouet.

Campau, Jacquea (the name Is also
spelled Campo, Campos, Campeau and
Campot). Black.smlth, came Sept. 3, 1708.
His wife was CecUe Catln. He was burled
May 14, 17.51, aged 78 years.

Campau, Jean. Came as bargeman May
30. 1705.

Campau. Jeanne. Daughter of Michel
Campau.

Campau Louis, son of Jacques Campau.
He married MarU Louise Robert, widow
of Francois Pelletler, and daughter of
Pierre Robert and Angellque Tholme,
Jan. 7. 1724.

l^ampau. Ma.-guerite. daughter of Michel
Campau. baptized March 2, 1708.

Campau, Marie Angellque. Daughter of
Jacques Campau. born Dec. 6, 1708.

Campau, Michel. Farmer, came Aug. 3,
1707. His wife was Jeanne Masse. He
died l)efore 1740.

Campau. Paul Alexander. Son of Michel
(?ampau. boi'n Sept. 14. 1709. He married
Charlotte Sloneau. daughter of Mathurin
Sloneau and Marie Charlotte Dubeau,
Feb. 15. 1740.

(.'ardlnal, Jacques. Voyageur, came Oct.
13. 1707. Died May 17, 1724, aged 84 yoars.

Cardinal, Jacques. Son of the preceding,
came Oct. 13. 1707. His wife was Jeitnne
Dugue, and third son Pierre, was baptized
Aug. 30, 1729. They already had a daugh-
tei' Jeanne, who acted as gqd-mqth'.-r <o

the infant Pierre. Jeanne married Liiurent
Parent.

Cardinal, Marie. Wife of Jacquea Hu-
bert dR la Croix, with her husband and
one child, she set out from Montreal for
DetfoK, May 22, 1709.

Cardinal, Pleri'e. Cume Sept. 6, 1708.

Caron. Vital. Came April 2, 1707.

Carrlere, Antolne, (he signs the church
record Ilantolne Carrier, In 1710.) His par-
ents. Andre Carrlere and Cecile Jannot,
lived on St. Paul street, Montreal. He
flrtst came to Detroit. April 11. 1707. as a
voyageur.

Casse. (called St. Aubin). Jean. This
Is a good Illustration of the change <#
French names. The family name of Casse
has been so completely lost through years
of use of the nick name, "that this man's
descendants are universally known as St.
Aubin. and there are many of them
In Detroit today. I have grouped them all
under this name. Jean Casse's wife was
Marie Louise Gautler. He died Feb. 27,
1759. aged more than 100 years.

Casse (called St. Aubin), Jean Baptlste.
Died of smallpox Feb. 25, 1733, aged 27 or
28 years. A great many people died in the
winter of 1733-4, of smallpox. Jean Baptlste
St. Aubin married Magdeleine Pruneau,
daughter of Jean Pruneau and Suzanne
Bellanger, of Quebec, July 31. 1731.

t^asse (called St. Aubin), Jacques, son of
Jean Casse and Marie Louise Qautier. He
married Catherine Vien, daughter of Ignace
Vien and Angeliiiue Du Sable, Dec, 27, 1745.

Casse (called St. Aubin), Marie Anne,
daughter of Jean (or Jean Baptlste) Casse
and Marie Louise Gautler. Born Oct. 6,
1710. She married CHiarles Chauvin (.black-
smith), Oct, 27, 1720. There was another
daughter. Agathe Casse, who married Nico-
las Campau. dit Niagara.

Casse (called St. Aubin), Pierre, son of
Jean Casre. Baptized May 2, 1709.

Catin, Cecile, wife of Jacques Campau.
She died before 1732. Her daughter, Mari-
anne Campau, married Joseph Bondy July
28. 1732. and her son, Claude, married Cath-
erine Casse (dit St. Aubin), daughter of
Jean Casse, Jan. 22, 1742.

Catinet. Jcfseph, of Pointe aux Tremble,
near Mr^ntreal. was In Detroit July 26, 1707.

Ch;il)ot. Joseph,

Channet (called Camlrand), Andre, ser-
geant of the troops in this country. H's
wife was Anne Pastorel.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Channel (culled Camlmnd), Andre, aon of
above. Born May 13. 170S.

Channft (ciilcd Camlrnml), I'lerre, son of
Andre senior. Horn about April, 1710.

ilianteloup, I'lorre, farmer. Acted as K<'<1-
fatlier to Jenn Uombardler, July 18, 1707.
HIb wife cunie to Detroit April 11, 1707.

Chnrlionncnu. Joseph. Came April 25, '707.

Charbonneau, Michel. Came April 17, i:07.
Brother of above.

Chamlc. See du Charnlc.

Chnrlet. Francois. His wife was Marthe
Foratler.

Charlet. I'lorre, son of above. Born May
3. 1709.

Charon, Charles.

Chnrnentlcr, Jean. Came April 2, 1707.

(^hauvlllon. Charlotte, wife of Jean
Harthe. dit ncllevllle.

LTiauvln. Gilles, voyageur. Came June 7,
1706. He and Louis Normand were in part-
nership.

Chauvin, Jean Baptlste, voyageur. Came
June 14. 1706.

Chauvin. I^uls, voyageur. Came June 14,
170C. Brother of above.

Cheai'onvouzon, Louis Antolne, surnameil
Quarante Sols, chief of the Huron nation.
He was a very prominent and Influential
Imllan and frequent reference is made to
him. both by Cadillac and by the Jesuit
fathers at Mackinac. He was baptized
April 27. 1707, having as a godfather Cadil-
lac himself. He died the same day, aged 48
years. '

Chesne. Cliarles, son of Pierre Chesne and
I.^uise Batty. He married Catherine Sau-
vace. daughter of Jacques Sauvage and
Marie Catherine Rleul, Jan. 18, 1722.

Chesne. Francois, voyageur. Came Sept.
Zi. 1707.

Chesne. Marie, daughter of Pierre Chesne
and Jeanne BallU. She married

(first) Jacques Montboef, dlt Qod-
froy. an.l after his death she
niarrl-Jd Jacques Boutin. Sept. 16, 1733.
There Is a record that Marie Chesne died
Feb. 13. 17,''.8. From Mario C?hesne have de-
scended all the Godfroys of French extrac-
tion In and aljout Detroit.

Chesne. Pier,"e. Came June 13, 1707. His
wife was Jeanne Ballll. she died In 1700,
she is sometimes referred *o as Louise
Batty. The name has been slightly change<l
In spelling, though not In sound, by his
descendants. He wa« the Detroit ancestor
of the present CThene family.

Chesne, Pierre. Son of al)ove Pierre
CThesne. He had two wives; first on May

25. 1728, ho marrlod Mario Magilollne Uoy,
a daughter of I'lorre Uoy; this nuirrlage
<ook place at Fort. St. I>hlllll)e,vlllag«' of the
Mlanils. She died of anmllpox Oct. 20, 1732,
and In 1738 he married his second wife,
Loulsp Buil'ols, daiiglitor of Francois
Lothei a dlt Barrols, and MiU'lanmi
Sauvage. Pierre Che.sne was an Interpreter
and sometimes called Lii Butte. He was
born al)ou* 16U7.

Chevalier, Jean. Came May 30, 1705.
There Is a record that Angellque Chevalier,
daughter of the late Jeun Baptlste CMiev-
aller and the late Prancolse Alavoine of
this parish marrlod Antolne Nicolas
Lauzon. Feb. 27. 1769.

Chevalier. Michel. Came Oct. 10, 1710.

Chevalier. I'aul. Came July 12, 1702. His
wife was AK'ithe Campau. Tliiy lived on
St. Paul street, Montreal. Paul, Jean and
Robeitt were brothers.

Chevalier. Pierre.

Chevallt^r, Robert. Came June l,'), 1706.

Chomlc. Jean Baptlste.

Chouet, (called Camorand) Andre.

Chouet. Louis, called Lagirotlee. Soldier
In company of Cabana, captain. He was
son of Jean Chouet and Marie Magdelelne
Magdile. Before setting out for Detroit,
May 25, 1701. he gave his prope.ty. In event
of his death, to Mary Magdelelne Dellsle.

(Mrler. Martin. Son of Nicolas Clrier and
Calherln* Prevoost of the parish of St.
DenU d' AJ-genteull at Paris. He was a
soldier of the company de la Champagne
and married Ann Bone, June 12, 1710. I
find the name spelled Sliler sometimes,
but Martin could write and he spelled it
Clrier.

Clalrambaut, Francois, esquire sieur
I >' A.igremont. Commissary of the marine
.11 Cai;ada, sub-delegate of the Intendant
and deiiuty appointe<l to visit the most
advanced pOiXs. He visited Detroit, Fo.'t
Pontchartrain, July 29, 1708

Cobtron, see Marsac.

Colin Michel, called Laliberte. Came In
1706.

Collet. Pierre, voyageur. Came June 15,
1706.

Compein (called L'Esiperance) Bonaven-
ture. Soldier and farmer. His wife was
Catherine Laplante.

Compein (called D'Esperance), Marie
Catherine, daughter of Bonaventure, above.
She waa baptized Nov. 14, 1707.

DETB'^IT UNDER CADILLAC.

Complen (called L>' Esperance) P|erre,
Son of Bonaventure, above. Was bom
Jan. 12, 1710.

Comic, Pierre.

("otton. I'lerre. called St. Jean. Came
May 30. 1705. as bargeman.

f'o"-.ie;, Francois. Came as bargeman
May 30, 1706.

Cnuk, Marguerite, wife of Francois
MasHf. Marguerite Couquo Is refer.-eil to
as tho wife of thi' late Jean Fafare, and
Marguerite Kouque as the wife of gleur
Masse. The.<fe may be the same party.

Coup, I aLolle. (^ame to Detroit as early
as April 27. 1704.

Cdutant (called Rancontre) Francois
Judlle. a soldier. His wife was Maile
Agathe Blu<eau, above.

Coutant. Jean. A soldier of the company
of Ivorlmler. He was burled Sept. 17, 1732,
aged 65 years.

Coutant (called Rancontre), Louis. Son
of Francois, above, baptized Feb. 13, 1708.

Couturier, Joseph, voyageur. Came
Kept. «. 1710.

Cusson. Ange. Came as bargeman May
30. 1705.

Cusson.
20, 1709.

Cusson.
1707.

Cusson. Joseph. Came Oct. 7, 1706.

Cusson. Nicolas, voyageur. Came Oct.
7. 170t,.

Dandonneau, Marie Francolse, Wife of the
second marriage of Henry Bellsle, surgeon.
Died. May 8, 1711, aged about 50 years.

Dardennes. Toussainte. Came May 12.
1707.

D'Argenteull (probably Pierre), gardener.

David. Therese. Wife of Jacob de Marsac
de Cobtrlon dlt Desrochers. She was burled
Sept. 24, 1727, aged 66 years.

Daze. Charles. Came July 16, 1702.

De Bi'oyeux, Fr;incols. Ca.ne as barge-
man May 30. 1705.

De Couague, Charles Jr. Came as barge-
man May 30, 1705.

De Gaigne, Jacques Jr., 18 years old.
Agreed to work for Jerome Merllat, dlt
Sansquartler for two yea/s

De La Forest, Francois Captain of the
troops of the marine In this country. Like
many other French words the letter s Is
frequently dropped In writing this name,
80 that we find It De La Foret.

De La March. Dominique, Recollect

Charles, voyageur. Came Apill
Jeen Baptlate. Came April 11,

prtest, lecturer In theology, pastor of S*te,
Anne's.

De La Marque, Marianne Wife of Al-
phonse de Tonty. She was the widow of
Jean Baptlste Nolan, and had a daughter,
Louise Suzanne Nolan, who married
Charles P/anwIs de Mezleres, eaqulre,
sleur de Ijeperuelnche. Dec. 17, 1725.

De I.A Mothe Cadillac, Antolne. The
founder of D*!trolt. He was hoi'n In 1661.
the son of Jean de la Mothe and Jeanne
de Malenfant. Married Marie There«e
Quyon. daughter of Den's Ouyon at Que-
bec. June 27. 1687.

In simply mentlonlnff Antolne De I^a
Mothe Cadillac as a oUlzen of Detroit.
jf>5tlce l8 not done to the name of a
man who played a most Important
part In the history of America.

The birthplace and tho exact dale
of the birth of Cadillac are unknown.
He was probably born In 1661, in that
part of France called Gaacony. He
had a good education and it is not at
all improbable that he studied for
the priesthood. Perhaps he studied
with the Jesuits and then left their
order, for he certainly displayed a
thorough hatred of them through his
life. He entered the army at an early
age and came to -\m rica to seek his
fortune in 1683. He first settled at
Port Royal (Annapolis, seaport of
Nova Scotia) and built a house,
which was destroyed by the Eng-
lish under Sir William Phips in
1690. .\t Port Hoyai he fell in with
Francois Guycn. who was a privateer.
In liis employment wi, Guyon he be-
came familiar with the coast line of
America and svith tl;e details of
American cities.

HE TRAVELED FAR.

One of the earliest maps of b-js-
ton, made by the noted mai) maker,
Franquelin. bears upon its face the
approval of Cadillac as to its correct-
ness, and a report of Cadillac in 1691,
warns French navirjators of the dan-
gers of Hell Gate at New York.

His services as a pilot wore sought
after and his opinions regarding the
English Atlantic =ettlements i.nd the
best mode of attacking them were so
highly praised that the klp^ (Louis

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

XIV.) sent for him from America
on more than one occasion.

In 16i>7 he married Marie Therese
Ouyon, the niece of his employer, at
Quebec.

Ill 1688 he received a grant of a
large tract of land In Maine, which
was then French territory, and also
the island of Mount Desert, which his
descendants again obtained in later
years. His wife and family were liv-
ing at Port Royal at the time of its
capture by the English in 1G90 and
the destruction of his house left him
penniless.

He had been a lieutenant in the
I re ops, and in 169.% was created a
capiain with the rank of ensign in
the navy. Frontenac had been reap-
pointed to his (dd po.sltlon as governor
of New France and a close friend-
ship sprang up between himself and
Cadillac that lasted during their joint
lives.

In 1094 he was appointed command-
ant ot Mackinac. Here he remained
four years, spending the time In look-
ing after the Indians and quarreling
with the Jesuits. He seems to have
taken great delight in bothering the
Jesuit priests and exciting them with
his sharp letters. His writings are
voluminou>, and not always truthful.

RUM VS. Rji:LIGION.

Great attention was paid to his re-
ports by the colonial office, but an oc-
casional roniark by the minister of
for,iign affairs that "He lies like a
Gascon," written en the margin of
a report of his, gives one clearly to
understand that his sentiment.s were
taken with a ,'rain of allowance.

One of th.- most important ques-
tions of discussion with the Jesuits
was the .sale of eaii de vie (rum) to
the Indians. The priests alleged that
it was unnecessary traffic and inju-
rious to the morals of the savages,
while Cadillac maintained that the
use of the stimulant in restricted quan-
tities was riectssary, and moreover,
that if the savages did rot get what
they wanted at Mackinac they would
go to the English to obtain it, and

if they went to the English they might
be converted to protestantism, and
thereby their souls would be lost, and
he askcl thu missionaries which was
the most profitable thing to do. Look-
ing to the welfare of the Indian alone,
v.'as ft beitei to be occasionally drunk
on F'.ench brandy and his soul saved
or occasionally drunk on English rum
and he eternally lost?

THE FOUNDER OF DETROIT.

He was not exclusively occupied
with his attention to 'his missionary
friends, but found time to explore
the country and a.^certain a better
place ihan Mackinac for building a
fort which would resist the encroach-
ments of the English. He resigned his
position as commandant in 1698 and
went to Europe to place before the
king a proposition for founding a
colony on tlie i:)etroit river. His i Ian
was approved and he returned in 1700
with autfiority to proceed on hi?, er-
rand as soon as possible I have, be-
fore this, given a shoit account of
his journey to Detroit and the found-
ing of Fort Pontchartrain, which
was the original and olticial name of
this post, on the 24th of July, 1701. The
unpublished accounts of what Cadil-
lac found here are interesting in the
extreme.

It was the paradise of North
America. Here he founded a col-
ony protected by a garrison
of farmer soldiers, and his
colony was a success as long as lie
remained, but he was removed from
his comn.and In 1710 and appointed
governor of Louisiana. He reached
his new post In 1713 and remained un-
til 1717, when he returned to France.
He was subsequently appointed gov-
ernor o'l Castel Sarrazin, in France,
and retained that ofhce until his
death.

De La Mothe Cadillac, Aiitoliit?. Ensign
in the troops, son of Cadillac.

De La Mothe Cadillac, Antolne (or Jean
Antolne), son of Cadillac. Bu.ied in the
church. April 9. 1709, uged 2 years 2V4
months. 1 think this is th« same as Jeai;
Antolne, who was baptized Jan. 19, 1707.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC,

De L.a Motlie Cadillac, Fi'ancois. Son of
Cadillac Born March 29, 1709.

De La Mothe Cadillac, Jacques. Son of
Cadillac. Cadot in the troops of the de-
tachment of marines.

De La Mothe Cadillac, Marie Af?atha.
Daughter of Cadillac. Born, Dec. 28. 1707.

De La Mothe Cadillac, Hene Louis. Son
of Cadillac, Born, March 17, 1710.*

De Launay, Joseph. Came Sept. 27, 1710.

De L'Halle, Constantln. Recollect priest,
killed in 1723, ht.9 body was exhumed,
transported and reburied within the church
of St. Anne.

De Liard, see Bouet.

De Lisle, see Blenvenue.

De Lorme, see Pafard.

Delpeche, Francois, Came May 17,
1710,

Demera, MaximlUen, Came May 30, 1705.

Deniau Cheruliin. Recollect priest, pas-
tor of St. Anne's.

Deniau, Rene. Died July. 17.10. apred 80
years.

De Paris, Denis.

Depre (or Dcspre). Joseph.

De Ranee, see Le Gautler.

Derruon. Pierre. esquire sieur de
Budemond.

Dervlgseau, JuHen, Lieuteffiariit in the
troops.

DesTutels. Gilbert, dit Lapolnte. Came
ag bai66:r>an May 30, 1705.

Deg Jardins, Suzanne. Wife of Pierre La
Fleur.

Deslorlers, Jean Baptiste. Jean Baptiste
du Fournel dit Deslorlers, aged 50 y^ars,
was buried Oct. 31, 1731.

Desmoullns, Charlotte, dit Phllls, daugh-
ter of Jacques Desmoullns and Charlotte
Sanarlas, was born Nov. 22, 1709, and died
Jan. 8, 1710.

Desmoullns, Jrequeg dit Phllls. Hla wife
was Charlotte aarias.

Desmoullns, Jacques. Son of the above
Jacques Desmoullns; was baptized March
30, 1708 and died April 14, 1728.

Deamoullns, Marie. Wife of Blaise Son-
tleureuse.

Desnoyers, Joseuh. Married Mag'dulelne
Robert, daughter of Pierre Robert and
Angellque Tholm,-.

Desrocher, or Derocher, see Maraao.

Desroslers, Jean Morean. Came as
bargeman May 30, 1705,

Desroziers, Joseph, called Dutremble.
Came Sept. 27. 1710,

Devlnon, Pierre, esquire sleur de

Budemond. Lieutenant In the troops.

Dlzier, Michel, called Sans Quartler.
Farmer.

Dounay, Antholne. Came in the summer
of 1704.

Dubor, Dominique, Came as voyageur,
June 12, 1706,

Du Chomlc, Louis.

IXicharme, Joseph. Came Sept. 10, 1710.

Duoharme, Louis. Voyageur, brother of
Joseph. Came May 22, 1709.

Duclos, Jacques. A soldier.

Dumouchel, Francoise. Daughter of
Bernard Dumouchel dit Liaroche. On the
sixth day of July 1703 she agreed to go to
Detroit to serve Mr. and Madam De L«a
Mothe (Cadillac), for two yeara at ISO
iivres per year.

DuTnouchel, Paul. Came May 15, 1708.

Duftant, Marie Renie.

Du Figuier, (see Fournier).

Dufresne, Antoln.?.

Dufresne, Marie Magdelaine, Wife of
Pierre Mallet.

Dumay, Jacques. Jacques Pierre Danau
esquire sieur de Muy. Chevalier of the
Royal and Military order of St. Louis, died
May 20. 1758.

Dumay, Marguerite. Wife of Andre Bom-
bardier.

Dumouche, Francoise.

Dupuis Antolne. (called Beauregard).
Farmer. His wife was Marie Anna Mar-
andeau.

Dupuis, Antolne. Son of above, was
born June 21, 1707.

Dupuis, Joseph, Son of Antoine. Sr..
above, was born Jan 31, 1709.

Dupuis, Marie Anne. Daughter of An-
toine above, was born March 13, 1710.

Duroy, I'ierre, dit Deslauriors, Poldier in
the company of De La Mothe Cadillac.
He came April 11, 1707. Hs is also men-
tioned as a soldier in the company cf
Dulhud. (Duluth).

Du Vesitin, Salomon Joseph.

Durand (or Durant) Jean. Farmer.

Dussault, Marie. Wife of Jacaues
Langlols.

Du Sault, Marie, fille mmeure. The par-
ents' names are not en.

Dutan, Jacques. Came as bargcmHii
May 30. 1705.

Dutremble, Jean Baptiste. Came in 170S.

Dutremble, Joseph. Came Sept. 28, 1706.

Du Vant, called La Franchise, Pierre.
Soldier de la (3ompagrnle de la Corne.

- i

Esteve, Pierre. Called
Farmer, see Stebre.

Estienne, Estlenne. B. her of Domi-
nique Estienne. Came April 26, 1707.

Estienne, Jacques. Came April 13, 1707
wUh a canoe load of merchandise for Slear
de Bourmont, ensign in tlie troops.

Fafard, Charles, dit Delonne. He oame
April 25, 1707. His father waa Francola
Fafard, dit Delorme. The descendants
from this pioneer are universally called
Delorme.

Fafard, Etienne dit Delorm*. Son of
Francois Fafard, born Sept. 24, 1708.

Fafard, Francois, dit Delorme. Farmer
and interpreter for the king-. He died
Jan. 28, 1734, aged about 80 years. His
first wife was Magrdeleine Marguerite
Jobln and his second wife was Barbe
Lioisel.

Fafard, Joseph. Son of Francois, above.
He was bom Sept. 24, 1708. He and
Etienne were twins.

Fafard, Magdelelne. Daughter of Fran-
cols Fafard. above. She married Prudent
Robert, Jan. 7, 1711.

FaJard, Marie Joseph, dit Delorme,
daughter of Francois above, married Pierre
Auclair. of Charlesburg.

Fafard. Marie Marguerite, daughter of
Francois above. Married Michel BlssUon,
June 30. 3710.

Fafard, Marguerite, daughter of Jean Fa-
fard and Marguerite Couck. Married Jean
Baptiste Turpln, May 5, 1710.

Fanereau. Charles, voyageur. Lived in
Detroit Oct. 6, 1708.

Farland, Jean.

Faverau. Pierre. Called Zia, Grandeur.

Fayolet. Pierre, called St. Pierre. A sol-
dier of the company of St. Ours. He was
In Detroit May 2, 1709, and acted as god-
father to Pierre Casse.

Ferron. Antoine, farmer.

Filiatreau, Jacques, voyageur. Came
May 30, 1705. He lived at Jjichlne and
never resided in Detroit, though he came
here several times.

Filie. Michel, esquire, sieur de Therlgo,
sergeant of troops. Commissioned to bear
letters from France to Cadillac. He came
Oct. lu, 1706.

Fortler, Catheri k wife of Gabriel Bau-
dreau. They wc e married at Montreal
Aug. 15, 1701.

Fortler, Marthe (or Marie Marthe), wife
of Francois Clialut dit Chanteloup. They

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC
L>a Jeun*i#e.

were married In Montreal June 10, 1706. She
was a sister of Catherine above.

Fournler, Louis Rene, sleur du Flgnier,
ensign In the troops of this country, per-
forming the functions of major of the
troops in Fort Pontchartraln. He was
bom at Montreal May 14, 1673. His moth-
er's name was Helene Du Figuier.

Frapler. Marie Magdelelne, wife of Pierre
Stebre, dit la Jeunesse. They were married
at Quebec April 12. 1706. and she died at
Detroit. Dec. 22, 1759, aged 80 years.

Frigon. Francois. He was born in Nor-
mandy and came to Detroit May 30, 1705.

Frotant. Angellque. Probably Protean,
which see.

Gagnler, Jacques. Came May 17, 1710.

Galarneau, Louise, wife of Francois
Marquet. She was born Feb. 2, 1690, and
married April 26. 1706.

Galllen, Marie Anne. Her first husba '■!
was Jerome (Hieronymus) Marl' 6!t

Sansquartler, and her second bust /as

Bernard Phillipe.

Gareau (or Garro or Garraud), Domi-
nique. Came Oct. 3, 1708. He was born
at Boucherville Jan. 13, 1684.

Gare.'^u, Jean, "ame Sept. 25, 1707. He
was bon? at Boucherville Nov. 3, 1679.

Gareau, Pierre. Came as bargeman May
30. 1705. He was born at Boucherville May
1. 1673. He lived In St. Paul street, Mon-
treal. He was siometlmes called St. Onge,
Saintonge, or Xaintonge. The three Gareaus
were brothers. Dominique and Jean never
resided In Detroit, but came here together
in 1708 and at various other times. Pierre
owned a house and. lot In the village, con-
veyed to him by the name of Xaintonge.

Gatineau. Louis, sieur Duplessis, came to
Detroit June 21, 1706. He was married Jan.
22. 1710, to Jeanne Lemoyne, at Batiscan.
He Is described as a merchant of Quebec.

Gaultier. Marie Louise, wife of Jean Casse,
called St, Aubin.

Gaultier (or Gautier), Pierre, dit Sagul-
noira. Came May 22. 1709. He was born
March 25, 1669, and died July 25, 1754.

Gazallle, Jean, dit St. Germain. Came
Sept. 10. 1710.

Germain, Alexis, son of Robert Germain,
a native of the parish of Pointe aux Trem-
ble, near Quebec, and came to Detroit May
19. 1708. He was killed May 19, 1712, by a
gunshot given by the Ytaganish Indians,
with whom he was fighting at Detroit.

Germain. Robert. Came May 18, 1708. He

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

was a brother of Alexis. Bom at Quebec
Sept. S, 1680.

Gervaia. Etienne de Bourguion. July 10,
1703. he agreed to go to Detroit as a hunter.

Giard, Anthoine. Came May 30, nO,!. He
was horn at Montreal Aug. 31, 1661.

Glard, Gabriel. He was born at Mon-
treal April 15, 1675, and came to Detroit
as a l)argeman May 30, 1705. He was mar-
ried three times.

Giguiere, Jean Raptiste, being about to
set out for Detroit June 28. 1701, he made
a present of his property In the event of
his death to L<ouise Malgnan. He returned
to Montreal and married this lady Jan.
22. 1704. He died April 18, 1750.

Gigulere, Robert, brother of Jean Baptlste.
He was l>orn Jan. 28, 1663, and died at
Montreal Dec. 10, 1711.

Glial ''n, .Joseph. Came Aug. 26, 1708.

Gode (or Gaude), Jacques. Came as voy-
a,geur Nov. 6, 1707. He was married Aug.
15. 1743. to Marie Louise St. Martin, of
Detroit.

Godefroy (or Qodfroy), .Jacques, dit Mau-
boeuf. Paul Chevalier and Jacques Gode-
froy. dit Mauboeuf. voyageurs, and Jo-
s-'ph Senecal. tool maker and voyageur.
formed a partnership Sept. 10, 1710, to carry
on the business of trading at Detroit. To
J'^is business Chevalier contributed 255
livrt«>. Senecal 165 Uvres and Godefroy 43
llvres r^-id two guns. The partnership was
to continue for two years, and If any of
the partners (?'ed In that time another
IT ui would bi. taken In to fill the place.
Gains and losses to be shared equally.
Go<lfroy married Marie Anne Chesne at
Detroit Nov. 20. 1730.

Gognet, I^rancols, called Sansoucy, a sol-
dier

Go lin. Joseph, came May 19, 1708, bring-
ing lo Duflguler, major of Fort Pontchar-
train, two barrels of rum (eau de vie), one
bai'i Pl of salt, two liarrels of powder, a
small parcel of goods and two bags of bul-
lets In all. 400 pounds.

Qiuln. Louis. Came May IS, 1708.

Qourlon (or Gorion), Antolne, son of Jean
Bantlste Gourion. Born April 26. 1708.

Gourlon. Jean Baptlste, sergeant in the
troops at Detroit (1708), and farmer. His
wire was Jjoulse ChaudlUon, thougl' it is
gi''en as Jjoulse Riiodlllon in St. Anne's
church.

Oros. Jean Baptlste. Born at Mi>ntreal
I5ef. 22. 1672.

Guillemot, Marie Chretlenne. Came to De-

troit in the employ of Cadillac Aug. 30,
17)0. She was a daughter of Jacques Fran-
cois Guillemot and Madeleine Diipont. Was
born at Montreal Sept. 29, 16115. Heturned
there and married Jean Jacquiers, Nov. 24.
A715. and died Nov. 23. 1734.

Guillet. r^aul. merchant. Born 1690. Died
In Montreal June 7, 17.')3. His full name
seems to have been Paul Alexander Gull-
let. He acted as godfather to Paul Alex-
ander Campau Sept. 14, 1709. and the In-
fant appears to have been named after
*ilm. He came to Detroit May 19, 1708.

Gustlneau, ly^uls.

Guyon. Jean, dit Lachapelle. Came Sept.
C. 1710.

Guyon. Marie Therese, wife of Antolno
De Ija Mothe Cadillac. Born at Quebec
April 9. 1671. Married June 25, 1687. [The,
first woman in Detroit).

Hamelln, Ftene, voyageur. Came May 18,
1710. •

Hemart (or Hainiart), Marie Ty)uise. Horn
Dec. 1. 1709. Daughter of I'lerre Halmart.

Hemart (or Halmart), Pierre, farmer iind
soldier in the company of Mr. Liorimier.
Married Marie I>aland June 12. 1706.

The records of St. Anne contain a certifi-
cate of baptism, Oct. 20, 1707, of Francois
Delalnart. son of Pierre Delainart and
Marie Filiastreau. Fr. Tanguay concludes
that Hemart and Delainart are the same.

Henaux. Pierre. Sr., came to Detroit
Sept. 27. 1708. l^erhaps the name shouKl be
Hunault.

Henaux, Pierre, Jr. Came Sept. 27, 1708.

Hubert. Ignace, called Lrficrolx. Came
April 20. 1709. He was a son of Ignace Hu-
bert, of BoucherviUe.

Hubert. Jacques, dit I..acrijix. Sr. Tame
as bargeman Mty 30. 170[.

Hubert. Jacques, dit l^a'^roix. Cam" in
1706. He was horn May 12, 1KS4, and mar-
ried Sept. 5. 1705. to Marie ("urdinal. He
was a son of Jacques Hubert, of Montreal.

Hubert. JjOu's. voyageur. fame Nov. 6,
17117. He was a brother of Ignace, above.

Hubert. I'lerre. son of Jacques Hubert, dit
la Croix, and Marie CardinU. Was born
at Lietrolt Dec. 11. 1709. and died Oct. 11.
1724, The family Is gene.-ally known by
the name of L.acr ...v.

Hubert. Pierre, voyageur. Camo Aus;. 11.
1710. He was a brother of .lacques Hubert,
above, and married Frincoise Cardinal.

Huet, Pierre, called Duluth. came April
2. 1707. He was a son of Joseph Huet.
born Nov. 12. 1682.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Janot. Pierre. Came May 22, 1709. nephew
of Robert Janot.

Janot, Robert (called La Chapelle). Came
Aniil 2. 1707. He was uncle to Joseuh Baz-
inet. lilt Totirblanche.

Jardis. Francois, called Rencontre. Far-
mer and lot owner In the villaKS.

Jean. Raymond, dit Godon. Contracted
Oct. 12, 1703. to CO to Detroit as a farmer.

Jobln. Marie Masdelcine. wife of Fran-
cois Fafart. dit Delorme. interpreter. She
died at Detroit. Jan. 29. 1711. agred about
40 vear.s.

Joiy. Jean, surnamed Jolvcoeur, serdeaiit
in the troops. He was a native of the
parish of liury, diocese of Xalntes. Died
at Detroit. Mich.. March 20, 1707. and
buried in the cemetery of Fort Pontchar-
train.

Juillet. Jean, called Laplante. Came to
Detroit as a bargeman May 30. 1705.

Ijabatier (or Abatis) Jean. Owned a lot
in the villaKe. Jenn Labattu. Cochant.
dit ChamnaKne. a soldier. Died in Detroit.
Feb. 15, 1712. I think this is the same per-
son.

Laberge. Guillaume, entered into an
aKteement Oct. 12. 1703, to come to Detroit
as a farmer.

Labrierre. see Normand.

La Ferriere. Genevieve, wife of Francois
Bienyenue. dit Delisle. Born Dec. 8. 167'J.
She died before 1709. Her family name Was
Charon.
. Lafleur. see Poirler.

Laferte, see Levoir.

La Forest, Mareuerite. wife of Antoine
Levroir. She was born In 1689 and married
Antoine Terou Laferte (Levroir) June 10,
1706.

La Grandeur, see Faverau.

La Jeunesse, see Stebre.

L'l Jeunesse. Etienne. came in 1706.

Lalande, Marie, wile of Pierre Heniart.

Laloire. r -. farmer. There is nothinfi

from which the first name can be deter-
mined. Taneuav Klves the name Alliiire as
the same surname as this.

Lamareux, Francois, sieur de St. Ger-
main. Came April 2. 1707. Francois Lim-
oureux, dit St, Germain, a merchant, was
born 1675 and died Dec. 30. 1740.

La Marque. I'ier.e. called Sans Soucy.
Came as bargeman May 30, 1705. He lived
at Liaprairie, and his wife was Magdelelne
Delisle.

La Montasne. call<?d Pierre Mouet.

La Mothe. Magdalaine, (Cadillac's daugh-
ter.

I>a Mothe, Marie There,se, daughter of
Cadillac, baptized Feb. 2, 1704.

Lamy, Joseph. Set out from Montreal
Sept. 6. 170S. to conduct Miidani Ranez to
Detroit. I^imy drifted farther west to
Kaskaskia, where he became one of the
trufsteea of the church in 1717, and was
killed by the Indians in 1725.

Lanarias, Charlotte, probably Sanariaa,
which see.

Langlois, Antoine, son of Jacques Lang-
lois. Born Nov. 13, 1709, burled July 26.
1710, at Detroit, aged about 8V2 months,

Langlois, Jacques, farmer and black-
smith. Born in 1676; he married Marie
Dussault. He resided for a time in De-
troit, but returned to Montreal, and died
there Jan. 30, 7733.

Langlois, Paul, farmer. Came April 11,
1707.

Laplante, Catherine. Wife of Bonaven-
ture Complen dit L'Esperance. Her name,
according to the record of baptisms in
Sorel, where she was born, was Marie
Catherine Badalllae, dit Liiplante, and she
was married at Montreal, June 10, 1716.

Liaporte, see Aguenet.

Ijapralrie, Jullen. Came Aug. 19, 1710,

Larivee, Jean. Came May 19, 170S. He
was born Aug. 12, 1607, and died Sept. 9,
1729.

L'arrilmee — Tanguay mentions a mm by
this name, his first name being unknown,
who died In Montreal, Sept. 23, 1736.

La Salle, Jean. A s^oldier of the com-
pany of Duluth, native of Peyrourade In
Beam, died Jan. 24, 1707. His b'Xly was
burieil in the church of the fort Pontchar-
train du Detroit.

Laude. Joseph, dit Mata. Agrceil to go
to Detroit as farmer, Oct. 12, 1703.

La Vallee, Jean Baptiste. Soldier of the
company of the Cassagne. native of
Uuintin. bishoprick of St. Brieux, In Brit-
tany. Died Nov. 19, 1711, aged about 30
years.

Lavols, Jacques, dit St. Amour. Came
as bargeman. May 30. 1705. He was a
.soldier of the company of La Come, and
married Marie liarbe Cesar, at Montreal,
Nov. 28, 1711.

Leboeuf. Pierre. (7anie as bargeman. May
30, 1705. His wife was Marie Francoise
Auzon. He never came here to reside per-
manently, but some of his children did.

Lp Coutant. dit Rencontre. Magdelaine.
daughter of Francol.s Judit I^e Coutant,
dit Rencontre, bom Feb. 5, 1710.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Ii'Ecuver. Pierre.

Lecluc, Jean Baptlste. son of Jean Leduc.
of Montreal. Came Oct. 11. 1710. He was
born In 1684, and married Marie Catherine
Descaiy.

Lefebvre. LouLs, Came as barseman May
30. 1705. His father was Jean Baptist Le-
febvre. of Montreal.

Lefebvre. Nicholas. Came May 22. 1709,
voyaseur. (His father. Jean Baptlste Le-
febvre, lived on St, Peter's river.)

Lefrautier. Francol.s. .«ieur de la ValU>e
Ranee (see Deranee). Lieutenant In the
detachment of marines In Canada. Came
Oct. 2, 1709; died Nov. 12. 1710.

Leger. BourRery. Came April 2. 1707^

Leser. called Parlsten. Marie Jeanne,
daughter of Pierre Le)?er. baptized Dec. 15,
1707.

LeKer (dit Parlslen). Marie Jeanne,
dauehter of Pierre Leeer. dlt Parlslen.
Born AuR-. 9. 1709. These two children of
the same parents bear the same name.
There is no record of the death of either.

Leser (called Parlslen). Pierre, farmer.
His wife was Jeanne Bollard, to whom he
was married at Quebec. Mav 15. 1706.

Legros, Jean, called Lavlolette. born
Dec. 22, 1673. He married Marie Buet. Nov.
24. 1700. He came to Detroit Sept. 6. 1708.

Leeros. Nicolas. Came as bargeman May
."iO. 1705. He was an elder brother of Jean
Lcfrros. and married Marie Charlotte Tur-
pin.

Le Malre. Charles, dit St. Germain, vov-
apreur. Came Oct. 17. 1707. with a canoe
of merchandise for the Recoliet fathers.
He was a captain of militia in Lachine.
Born 1676. died 1751.

Le May, Michel. Aereed April 25, 1704.
to come to Detroit as a brlKadier (fore-
man of a boat's crew).

Le Mire. Jean, de Marsolet. Came as
bartfenian May 30. 1705. His mother's name
was Louise Marsolet.

Le Moyne Alexis, sleur de Meniere. Came
before Oct. 2. 1709.

Le Moine. Jacques. merchant. Came
June 21. 1706.

Le Moine. Rene, mercha,nt.

Le Moyne. Marie, wife of Francois Bien-
venue. dit Dellsle, married In 170S. He had
another (flr.st) wife. Genevieve LJiferiere.
Marie Le Movne, ased about 70 years, was
buried Sept, 6. 1764.

Le Moyne. Rene lor Rene Alexander).
Came Oct. 12. 1706. Born in 1668, he mar-

ried Marie Renee Le Boulanger. Feb. 2.
1712.

Le Page, Marie. Boin in Montreal. 1684.
she married June 12. 1706. at Montreal.
Francois Beauceron. The date of his
death is not Riven, but it was
before 1709. for she is mentioned
at that time as a widow. She Is the
only woman to whom anv land was con-
ve.ved by Cadillac, within the palisades.
Her husband was livinc at this time (1707).
but she was probably separated from him.
as he Is not mentioned. She must have
subseiniently married Joseph Vaudry. for
they are called leeal hu.sband and wife in
1720. and had a child, Mary Magdeleine. It
is with the name of Maiie I.#paKe that the
first great social scandal of Detroit is con-
nected. The pages of St, .Anne's record with
Klarlng plainness the false step of this
unfortunate woman. It is impossible to
tell. now. the penance that she performed
in atonement for her wrOne-doing. The
church record, possibly, operated to deter
others from following In her path. Wheth-
er the man lost prestige or not is un-
known! but we do know that he left De-
troit about the time this affair became
public, and returned to Montreal, where he
was appointed the trusted agent and attor-
ney for Cadillac. an<l retained that posi-
tion as long as Cadillac remained at De-
troit.

Le Page. Marie Therese. daughter of
Marie Le Page, widow of the late Baus-
seron and of sleur Grandmenll. coramis
du Magazln. Born July 24. 17119. Tliis Is
the lirsl record of an illegitimate child.
It is not profltab'e to trace the descent
of this unfortunate.

Lescuyer. Antlioine. came Mav 28. 1708.
He was born in Montreal Mav 28. 1688.

Lescuyer, Jean and Paul. brothers.
Came Mav 29. 1706. They, with Jacques
Minullle, brought 10 cattle and 3 horses
from Fort Frontenao tn Detroit, for Cad-
illac. Tliev were son I'ierre Lescuyer.
b(]rn In Montreal Juut- iti. 1681. and Feb,
15. 1676. respectively.

Lescuyer. Pierre. Came as bargeman.
Mav 30. 1705. He was a brother of the
three prece(lln.g persons. Born in MnntreLil
Frb. 9. 1674.

Lesiedr. Jean Bantlste. d:t (Jalloi. Came
as bargeman Mav 30. 1705.

L'Esperance, see Complen.

L'Esplne, Mar'e Magdelalne. wife of Jo-

UKTROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

»eph I'arent. She was the daughter of
Jacques Marette, dlt L'Esplne.

l.'Esquier, Pierre, voyageur.

1« Tendre, Adele Genevieve, probably
came to Detroit with Mme. La Mothe
Cadillac's wife, as she w.is god-mother to
his daughter, Marie Therese, in 1704.

Leveille. Laurent, came June 15, 170G.
He wa.s a Panis Indian.

Levroir, called I^aferte, Antoine. The
name should be Antoine Theroux. He was
born In 1677 and died Feb. 22, 1759.

Levrolr, Pierre, son of Antoine Levrolr,
above, baptized Feb. 22, 1707. He married
Rose Poitevln In 1733.

L'Isle, s»ee Blenvenue.

Livernois. B'rancls. Francois Benoit, dit
Livernois, came to Detroit, April 2, 1707.
He married Angelique Chagnon In 1710.
The n.ame Livernois Is quite common In
Detroit now.

Loisel, Barbe, wife of Francois Legautier,
Esq., sieur de L.avallee Ranee, lieutenant.
Set out to go to her said husband at De-
troit, Sept. 6, 1708. She was married three
times. First to Pierre Roussel, then to
Legautier, and, In 1713, to Francois Fafard,
dit DeLorme.

Loranger, Joseph, dlt Rlvard, dit La
Jauge. see Rivard.

Loranger, Nicholas, dlt Rlvard, voyageur,
see Rivard.

Lubert, Jacques.

Magdeleyne, Jean Uaptiste, dit Ladou-
ceur, came in 1706. He was born In Mon-
treal m 1681 and married Elizabeth Millet.

Magnant, Antoine, dlt L' E.«perance. He
lived within the palisades and owned a lot
there, but he Is described in Ste. Anne's
records as a citizen of Montreal (1708), a
voyageur at present at Fort Pontchartrain.
He was born Sept. 24, 1682, at Lapralrle.

Magnan. Gaspard. dit Champagne, came
as b'UgPmiin. May 30. 1705. He married
Magdi'lelne Marsille. Feb. 9. 1699.

Maionee. Marguerite.

Maisme, Marie.

Major, see Hou<ran.

Malet. Antoine. vim of Pierre Malet. Bap-
tized Aug. 16. 1706. He married Therese
Mailhot. Aug. 11. 1730.

Mallet. I'Yan''oi9, son of Pierre Mallet.
V)orn July '28. 1708.

Mallt't. I'ievro, farmer, voyageur, citizen
of Detroit. His wife >. .s Magdeleine Du-
fresne. widow of Francois I'eiletier.

Mallet. Rene, voyageui', came Nov. 6.

1707. Apparen<ly he was the father of
Pierre Mallet, anil died at Montreal, Oct.

24. 1716.

Marces. Francois, a soldier.

Mavcll, Andre, came May 17. 1710.

Maren<leau. Marianne (or Mnranda) wife
of Antoine Dupuis. dit Beaurogird. They
were married at Mont>'pal. Juno 9. 1706,
and she returned and died there Jan. 8.
1730.

Ma.-fiuet. Francois. His wife was Louise
Galt?rneau. and they were married April
26. 1706. at Quebec. They leW Detroit some
time before Cadillac did, and their third
child. Pierre, w.is Dorn m Montreal In
1710.

Marquet. .loseph, son of Francois Mar-
quet. born May 22, 1707.

Marqm't. Marguerite, daughter of Fran-
cois Marquet. boi'n March 20, 17ii9.

De Marsac de Cobtrou. Francol.s, son of
Jacob de Marsac. Baptized Oc«l. 22. 1706.
He married Therese Ocik- Campau In
1734. and one of their daughters. Marie
Louise, became the wife of Robert Navari'e
in 1762. •

De Marsac de Cobtrion, Jacques, son of
Jacob de Marsac. Born Nov. 7, 1707; died
Dec. 24. 1745, aged about 40 years. The
priest guessed at his age. but the record
shows that he was 38 vears of age.

De Marsac de Cobtrion. Jacob, sieur
Desroclieis. sergeant In a company In the
detachment of marines. His wife wa.s
Therese David. He was buried

April 27. 1747. aged 80 years. Their son
Jacques married Marie Anne (^hapoton.
daughter of Jean Chapoton. surgeon, Jan.

25. 1745.
Marsac. Jerome.
Marsille. Andre.

Martiac, Jerome, dit Sansquartier (or
Sanscartler). son of Maurice Martiac and
Jeanne Damiot. of the parish of Chaubou-
ilne. bishopric of Brines in Limozin. Died
June 10, 1709. He was a soldier of Deti-olt.
His wife was Marie Anne Gallien. His
name is sometimes spelled Mariilac.

Mirtlac. Magdellene. daughter of Hieros-
mes Martiac (called Sansquartier). Bap-
tized Jan. 22. 1707.

Martiac (cab d Sans Quartier). Pierre
.lerome. son o' Jerome Martiac dit Sans
liuartier. Baptized March 2S, 1709.

Martin Claude, came June 15, 1706.

Masse Francois, farmer. His wife was
Margut Couk. called l>at1eur. Thev

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

Mar-

were married in 1702. She had been the

willow of Jean Fafard,

Mii?8e. Jeanne, becanu' the wife of
Michel Camuau in 161>«. She had a dauKh-
ter Marie Anne Camnau, who became the
wife of Pierre Belleuerche.

Masse. Michel. He lived in Montreal but
visited Detroit.

Maurlsseuu. Jacques, voyaReur. ("ame
June 15. 170(i.

Maurivan. Jacques. Came 1706.

Maurivan, Louis. Came 1T06.

Melain, Marie, wife of Blaise Fondurose,
a sijldier. She was born in 1689, married
June 9, 1706, lived In Detroit several years,
but returned to Montreal and died there
April 26, 1713.

Merssan, Jean, dlt Laplerre. Came as
bargeman, May 30, 1705. He is mentioned
as a Marguillier, or church trustee, prob-
ably of Quebec, by Tanguay, He was
bom in 1685 and died April 16, 1718.

Michel, Jean, agreed to go to Detroit -. ^
farmer, Oct. 12, 1703. He probably lived ,t
St. Francois du Lac.

Mikltchia, Joseph. Slave belonging to
Michel Bezailln: Tette Plate (flat head).
Baptized, March 10, 1710, 16 years old.

Milhe«; (or Mill<?t). Nicolas, came March
3. 1709. Jan. 4, 1712, he married Louise
Cardinal.

Minville (or Miville), Jacques. Came May

29, 1706. He, with Paul and Jean Lescuy-
er, brought 10 cattle and 3 horses from
Fort Frontenac to Detroit, for Cadillac.
His wife was Catherine Lescuyer, of Mon-
treal.

Moitie, Marie, wife of Pierre Chesne, ac-
cording to Tanguay, married Oct. 9, 1700,
at Montreal. She was widow of Jean
Magnan, and died Dec. 31, 1727.

Monet. Pierre, see La Montague.

Monjeau, Gabriel, voyageur. Came April
23, 1710. He was born in 1690 and died
April 27, 1718. He did not stop Kmg in
Detroit.

Manteil, Rene, dlt Sansremissipn. .Came
as bargeman May 30, 1705. He did not
remain long in Detroit. He died at St.
Oura, March 4, 1724.

Montfort, , soldier of the company

Of Desgly; found dead in the woods at
the foot of a tree, buried Dec. 21, 1709.
I cannot find the first name of this soldier.

Morand. PieiTe. Came as liargeman May

30, 1705. Ho died at Batiscan, June 11,
1729.

Moreau, Joseph. Came as bargeman May

30, 1705. His home was at Batlscan.
Moiin, Muise, dlt Chesnevert. Came as

bargeman May 30, 1705. He was a sergeant
in the company of Beaucour. Born in
I'oitlera. I'oitou. He married Magdeletne
Monin, Nov. 26, 1707, and ma.de his home at
(Juebec.

Morisseau, Loui.". Came June 15, 1706.

Morisseau, Pierre. Came as bargeman
May, 30, 1703.

Normand, Angelique, daughter of I»ul3
Normand, dit Labrlere. Born June 20, 1707.
She was married three times; to Jean De
I..aunay, to Jacques Bed.a, and to Jacquts
Hermier.

Normand, Louis, dit Labriere, tool mak-
er. Came June 7, 1706, to work at his
trade. He was born at Quebec, Oct. 13,
1680. Married Anne Bruneau, May 29, 1701,
and died July 15, 1729.

Normand (called La Urie.>-), Marie
Therese, daughter of Louis Normand. dit
La Briere. bom at DetioK, Sept. 1. 1705.

Ouabankikcv^ Marguerite, an Indian of
the Mil mi t.ibe. the wife of I'ierre Roy.
There is no record of her marriage, though
the priest called hef a legal wife. She died
of smallpox. Oct. 31, 1732. She had six chil-
dren, baptized in the c vurch at Detroit.

Pachot. Jean Marie Duniel. He Wiis born
July 30. 1694, and was the son of Francois
Vienay Pachot and Charlotte Francoise
Juchereau. After his father's death, his
mother mariled Francois de la Forest, a
lieu"tenant under Cadillac, and afterwards
commandant at Detroit.

Paquet, Jean. He was born in 1682. and
Feb. 20. 1708. maivied Marie Charland.

Parent. Joseph, farmer, master toolmaker
and brewer. His wife was Magdeleine Ma-
rette. whom he married at Beauport. Jan.

31. 1690. On the !>th of MJrch. 1706, ho
agreed with Cadillac to go to Detroit to
work at his trade for' three years.

I'arent. Mai'ie. daughter of Joseph Parent
and Magdeleine Marette, dit Lespine. bap-
tized Jan. 21. 1709.

Parent. Marie Madelaine, daughter of Jo-
seph, above, bo.'n at Beauport, Dec. 15,
1692. and came with her parents to De-
troit between the years 1706 and 1709.

l^-irent. Marguerite, daughter of Joseph,
above, born at Montreal. July 7. 1698.

Parlslen (-"ee Leger).

Pastorelle. Anne, wife of Andre Channet,
dit Camiraud. He was her second husband.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC,

Her first husband was Jean Moiloeau.

Patenostie. Jean, of St. Lambert, came
Sept. 6. 1710.

Pepin, Jean, camo as barReman, May 30,
1705.

Periin. Mathieu. di* Giraho (or Oaraut),
came Oct. 2. 170!). He was taUon prisoner
by the Iroquois while taklnR Koods to Fcrt
Krjntenac In 1888. The next year Jeanne
Pllet was also taken prisoner by the Iro-
Quoln. They met as prisoners, and forming
an a<tachmpnt for each other, were mar-
ried by h\. Miller, Jesuit, who was also a
captive of the Iroquol.s at that time.

Petit. Mai1e. wife of Pierre Polrler, dlt
Lalleur. Tannuay Klves the name as Marie
Clemence Maupetlt.

Phlllppes. dit Helhumeur. Be.nard. ser-
geant in the troops of the depa.tment of
marines. He married Anne Gallien. widow
of J*;rome Marlllac. They had both lived
In Detroit, but were married in Mont,'eal,
March 18, 1712.

Picard. Alexis, came as bargeman. May
30. 1705. Brother of Francois, mentioned
below. He was born In 1681, and died at
Montreal. April 22, 1746.

Picard. F.'ancols, came as voyagcur, May
30. 1705. His wife was Anne Farreau. He
died at Detroit. Oct. 7. 1728,

Pichet, Pierre. He was boiH in 1674,
married Marie Ann Sylvester a< Polnte
aux T.-embles In lC!t7 and cVletl Aug-.
12. 1712, at Cap Sante.

Plneau. Thomas, dlt Pundemour, sergeant
In troops of the marine. He was stationed
In Detroit In 1709.

THE VILLAGE DIRECTORY.

The following is the coiieluding in-
stallment of the tlirectory of Cadillac's
village:

Plnet, Yves, gunsmith, came to Detroit,
March !). 1706. to woiTt at his trade fur
three years.

Plante, Zacharle.

Polrler (called La Fleur), Angellque,
daughter of Pierre Polrler. dlt Lafleur,
born March 10. 1709.

Polrler. Pierre Rene, dlt Lafleur. farmer
and soldier. He married Marie Clemence
Maupetlt, June 12. 1707. Her name is given
in Ste. Anne's records as Marie Prtit.

Pothler. Toussalnt, dit I.^ Ve.-dure, voy-
ageur. came Sept. 22. 1707. He lived In
Montreal, was Ijorn in 1675 and married
Mai'guerite Thunay.

Prlmo. Jean, dit La . came as barge-

man. May 30. 170.'.. The record from which
this name is taken has been partly <le-
stroyed by time and a portion of th<' name
nlillterated.

Protean. Angellque. wife of Btlenne Bou-
trun. dlt Major. After the death of Bou-
tron she mar.led PU'rre Germain and died
In 1754.

Quarante. Sols, or CJuiran< Sous, see
Cheanouvouzon.

Quesnel. Jacques and Jean, brothers,
voyiigeurs, came May 18. 1710. They were
."uns of Oliver Que'^nel. Jean wa.M born ,at
Montreal and Jacquess at Lachlne. They
lived at Lachlne.

Quilenchlve. I .?annot make out this
name. I think it to be an Indian name,
though I may be as sadly nils^taken as I
was with the name of Xaintonge.

Rablllard. Nicolas, came Sept. 27. 1706.

Reaume. Charles, voyageu,' came Sept.
28. 1710. The only person I can find bearing
this name was a son of Rene Reaume. born
April 17. Ibs8. at i. iiarleshourg.

Renaud. Cli irles, esquire, sieur Dubuisson,
lieutenant of a company and commandant
at Port PonKcl-.artrain at Detroit, in . the
absence of M. de Lafo.-est. When Cadlllao
left Detroit. Laforest agreed to take his
place here at once, but was taken sick
and Dubuisson was sent here temporarily '
to liold it until Laforest's i-ecovery.

Rt-naud. Louis, dlt Duval, came June 16,
1706. Antoine Renaud married Frincolse
Duval. The records do not con',..iln the
name of Louis as or of their chiidr',>n. but
because he was called Duval. I conclude
he was a child of this marriage.

Rencontre, or Rancontre. see Jardls.

Reneau. Laui'ent. voyageur. came May
23. 1710. He married Anne Guyon at St.
Augustin in 169!}. and after 1698 he lived
at Montreal.

Rhudlllon, Louise, wife of Jean Baptiste
Gourlou. This name shoi-ld be ChaudlUon.
Phe was born Jan. 11. 1682, at Sorei, and
married Gourlou June 22. 1701.

Rlchai'd Claude, came April 2, 1707. The
only Claude Rlchai'd 1 find was a son of
Gulilaume Richard. l)orn Jan. 30. 1684. I
find no record of hia marriage or death.

Rlcha.d. Jean, farmer and interpreter
for the king. His wife was Marie Anne
Ladecouverte (or Yon). Being dangerously
wounded July 7, 1708. he states that he
left with his sister, Mme. Duplessis, 720
Ilvre.<». for which he holds her note, now
in the hands of his cousin, Jacques Lanir-

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

iols. and he wlslies <he gum paid to Pierre
Roy. He did not die, however, until sev-
eral years late.'.

Rlvard. Claude, sleur de I.ioranKe. Agreed
with the company of the colony of Canada,
represented by Fnincolse Dumontlei*. of
Montieal. and Kticnne Volland de Radlsson,
of Detroit, to ko <o Detroit, July 10. 1703,
as an Interpreter.

Ulvard. Francois, dll Muntendre, came
May 19, 1708.

Rlvard. Robert, came as bai'geman May
30. 170.5.

Rlvard. .lo.seph. dit Montendre. came
May 18, 1708.

Rlvard, Mathurin, came May 18, 1708.

Rlvard. Nicolas, born in 168ti. He mar-
ried Marie Joseph Raux in 1724, and died
In 1729.

Rlvard. Pierre, dit Lanouette. voyageur,
came Sept. 6. 1710. He was bom In 1686
and married Marie Anne Calllla, June 9
1721.

Rlvard. Robert, came May 18, 1708. Rob-
ert. Joseph, Mathurin. Claude, and Fran-
cols were sons ot Robert Rlvard. of Batls-
can.

Robert. Francois, came In 1706. He wa.s
born In 1678. marrl<5d Marie Lanctot in 1712
and dlod in 1756.

Robe.-t, Joseph, bom In 1674. married in
1701. and died in 1748. He and Francois
and Pierre were brothers. He came to De-
troit May 12. 1707.

Robert, Pierre, dit Lafontalne. He moved
to Detroit May 19. 1708. with his wife and
children. He had been there befo.e. haying
come June 15. 1706. In charge of a canoe
of merchandise. His wife was Angellque
Ptolomee (or Tholme). After he died his
widow married Guillaume Bouche. Aug. 16.
1716. At the marriai of his son Antolne
In 1743. this Pierre Robert Is referred to
as "the late Antolne Robert." The son
married Marie Louise Becmond.

Robert. Prudent, came Aug. 12. 1710. He
was another brother of Pierre Robert all
being sons of Louis Robert. His wife, whom
he married at Drtrolt, Jan. 7, 1711, was
Magdeleine Pafard. dit Delortne.

Rose. Nicolas, soldier. He was' born in
1674 and died In 1746. His wife was Marie
Anne Prudhomme.

Roy. Edmond. dit Chatellereau. Agreed to
come to Detroit July 28, 1704. as brigadier
(foreman of a boat's crew). He was to
receive 300 llvres for the trip. While he
never resided in Detroit, his son Joseph

uld. and was married here In 1736 to Mag-
delelne Perthuls.

Roy. Louis, came as bargeman May 30,
1705. He w:is born In 165!l and died before
1713.

Roy. Marguerite, daughter of Pierre Roy.
Baptized April 27. 1704.

Roy. Marie Louise, daughter of Pierre
Roy. She was baptized May 19. 1708. mar-
ried Alexis De Rulsseau. and died in child-
birth. Dec. 3. 1735. aged about 31 years.

Roy, Marie Magdelelne, daughter of
I'lerre Roy. born May 25, 1710. She mar-
ried IMerre Chesne dit La Butte, and died
Oct. 20. 1732. aged 22 years.

Roy, Pierre. It has been stated that this
was the llrst man at Detroit and that he
lived with the Indians in this neighborhood
before Cadillac came. His wife was Mar-
guerite Ouabanklkoue, a Miami Indian.

Roy. I'lerre. son of Pierre Roy. Baptized
April 21. 1706.

Roze. Francois and Nicholas, brothers.
Came April 13. 1709. They were sons of
Noel Rose and born at Quebec. The name
should be Rose.

Ruiet, Jean, came as bargeman. May 30
1705.

Ruiet, Rene, came as bargemun May 30
1705.

St, Aubln. Jean, corporal In the garrison.
Came to Detroit with Pierre Dui'oy, April
11. 1707. See Casse.

St. Marie. Francois Marie, came as barge-
man. May 30. 1705.

St. Yves, Joseph, came Aug. 11, 1710 (en-
gage). He was born In 1692 and cons=«-
quently only 18 years of age. The famuy
name was fet. Ange. dit Hogue.

St. Yves, Pierre, voyageur. Came April
18, 1710. Elder brother of ths preceding.
He was born in 1682.

Salomon. I think this name Is a mistake,
though It occurs in one of Cadillac's con-
veyances. I think he Intended Salomon
Joseph Du Vestin.

SJnaria. Charlotte, wife of Jacques Des-
moullns dit Philis. She was born in 1679
and died May 5, 1744 at Detroit.

Sanstiunrtler, see Martlac.

Sarrazln. Joseph, came as bargeman. May
30. 1705. Son of Nicholas Sarrazln. born
Feb. 24, 1681,

Sarrazln. Nicholas, b.-other of above, born
Jan. n. 1686.

Sarrazln. Pierre, came as bargeman. May
30. 1705. Another brother of above, bom
Feb. 26. 1684.

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

9en«cal, Adrlen. came as barKeman May
30. 1705.

Senecal. Jocepli. came Sept. 10. 171i'. He
was horn In 1674 .m.l 'lle.l Feb. 28. 17J«.
His wife wa.s L.uul8e Ha.-i'aii. or Harros.

Serond (called L.'Evt'llle). Jean.

Simon, OIlbeK. or Simon Sanspeur. dit
Gilbert. serBeant In the troops. Hl9 wife
was MarRuerlte Le Pane. She died July
'M. 1730. at Detroit.

Simon (probably Pierre^, came May 18.
1708. The tlr.st nanif of thl.^ party has be.en
destr'oyed In the notarial record, but his
residence Is Riven us Polnte aux Tremble.

and the only Simon living at that place at
this ;lme was Pierre.

Slrler. Martin, see Clrier.

Slave (Panls) Jacques. A little slave of
Pierre Roy, aged 7 or 8 years.

Slave. The first mention of negroes Is
two of Louis Campau's In 17S6.

Slave (Panls.se). Marie Jeanne, belonging
to Jean Richard, voyageur, aged about 15
years.

Slave (Panls. Indian), belonging to Mr.
Moynler. aged 32 to 14 years, died Nov. 16,
1710.

Slave (Panls, Indian), Joseph, called E.s-
cabla. Belonging to Joseph Parent, aged 21
or 22 years. He died Jan. 21, 1710.

Sontleureuse, Blaise; lately employed as
a soldier in the company of De La Moth©,
(1707). Tanguay says his name should be
Fondurose.

Sontleureuse, Marie, daughter of Blaise
Sontleureuse. Born May 14, 1707.

Stebre, dlt La Jeunesse, Agathe, daugh-
ter of Pierre Stebre, dlt La Jeunesse. Bom
Feb. 14, 1710, died Feb. 21, 1710.

Stebre, dlt La Jeunesse, , daugh-
ter of Joseph Nicolas Stebre. Bom Jan.
12, 1711. The prieat has omitted to give the
first name of the Infant. On Jan. 19, 1733,
they burled Angellque Esteve, wife of
Pleire Belleperohe, aged about 21 years.
She died of smallpox. This may be the
one born Jan. 12, 1711.

Stebre, called La Jeunesse, Pierre, late
a soldier. Died July 16, 1736. His wife was
Marie Magdelelne Frappler. She died Dec.
22, 1759, aged 80 years. He was at Mon-
treal Aug. 27. 1767. He had a daughter
Marguerite, who married Jean Chapoton,
surgeon of the fort, July 16, 1720. She died
July 7, 1753, aged 45 years. The name is
sometimes given us as Esteve, and Steve,

but the descendants are nov usually called
I^ Jeuni'Sse.

Stebre, dlt Lrfi Jeunesse, Pierre, son of
Pierre Stebre. Born May 1 1708. Married
(as Steve) Marie Desforgeg, widow of
Francois PIcard, Oct. 24, 172S. Died March
24, 1721.

Surgerc, Blaise, farmer. I find frequent
mention of this name, but cannot Identify
Its possessor, unless It Is the aame as
Sontleureuse, above.

Susart, called Delorme, Francois, (prob-
ably an error on the part of the priest In
writing the name of Fafard), dlt Delorme.

Tabaux, Jacques. Came as targeman,
May 20, 1705.

Tabaux, Jean, Jr. Came May l.";, 1708.
He married Angellque Brunet In 1710 and
died at Montreal In 1728.

Tacet, Pierre.

Tesee Francois.

Tessler, Paul. He was a resident of
Montreal. Came to Detroit In 1708. and was
here again In 1710, when he witnessed the
marriage of Martin Clrier and Marie Anne ^
Bone.

Tessler. Antolne. farmer.

Tetreau. Jean Baptlste. Joseph. and
Laurent, brothers. Came April 21. 1707.

Tholme. Angel.que. wife of Pleire Robert.
This name is given as Angellque Dalonne.
and in ?ome places as inoime, by Tanguay.
She was burled In 1744. aged about 65 years.
She married GulUaume Bouche. after the
death of Robert.

Tlchenet. Pierre.

Tontv. Alphonse. captain of a company,
aged 68 years. Burled Nov. 10. 1727. His
first wife was Anne PIcote. She and Cad-
illac's wife were the first women in De-
troit. She died In 1714. and In 1717 he mar-
ried Marianne Delamarque. widow of Jean
Baptlste Nolan. Tontv was an Italian, and
frequent references are made to the Ital-
ian schemer.

Touslgnan, Michel, dlt LePolnte. Camt
Sept. 6, 1710. He was the son of Pierre
Touslenan. and married Marie Catherine
Lemay.

Trottler, Alexis. Came May 18, 1708. Son
cf Antolne Trottler and brother of Paul,
below. He married Marie Louise Roy at
Detroit. Jan. 6. 1735. and after her death
niarr.'. d Catherine Godfroy.

Trottler. Gabriel, dlt St. Jean. Came as
bargeman May 30. 1705.
Trottler, Joseph, dlt Desrulsseaux. Came

DETROIT UNDER CADILLAC.

on Oct. 17. 1708. He was a brother of
Michel, and born In 1668. His wife wna
Krancolse CulUerler.

Trottler. Michel, sleur de Beauhlen. Came
May 18. 1708. He wag born In 1675 and mar-
ried AeneH Godfroy In 1700.

TrotHer. Paul (brother of JoseDh). Came
Oct. 17. 1708.

Truteau. Jean Baptiate. married Maxde-
Iclne Parant Sept. 1. 1715. and died in 1754.

Trutenu, Jonenh. carpenter, brother of
Jean Baptlste. Thev came together April
2. 1707. Jo.senh died at Montreal in 1745.

Tuffe. called du Fresno. Antome. The
only person I c^n find bearlnsr this name
was born In Montreal Ausr. 21. 1677.

Tune, Maifdelelne. wife of Pierre Malet.
This name should be Du Fresne. She was
born in 1669 and married Francois Pelle-
tler. After his death she married Pierre
Malet. or Maillet.

Turpin. Jean Baptlste. son of Alexander
Turpln and Charlotte Beauvals. of Mon-
treal. Married Marguerite Fatard. daugh-
ter of the late Jean Fafard. and Marguerite
Conuiue. of this parish and new colony.
May 5, 1710.

Turpin, Jean Baptlste. voyaKeur. Came
Oct. 2. 1709.

Turpin. Jean Baptlste, son of Jean Bap-
tlste Turpin. Born Dec. 14. 1710.

Vaudry. Etienne. voyageur. C'i»me Ausr.
;;. 1707. Born at Three Uivers. Oct. 27, lesa.

Vaudry. Jacques. Came as bargeman.
Miy 30, 1703. Born in 1670. and died in
1743. •

Vaudry. Joneph. Came A'ik. 10. 1710.
He was born in 1687. and married Mar-
guerite Lepage, widow of Simon OlibtTt.
Ktlenne. Jactiues and Joseph were brothers
and Bons of Jacaues Vaudry and Jeanne
Renault.

Veron, Etienne, de Orandmeuli, appoint-
ed altornev In fact for Cadillac. July 26,
1709. Hl:-t name has been mentioned abo.e.
He wris born In 1649. married Mirle Moral.
dif Montendre. and died at Three Itlvera
May IS. 1721. He lived several years at
Detroit, and was a man of considerable
importance, having charge of the public
storehouse and acting us amanuensis f(jr
Cadillac.

VIen. Ixnace. Came as voyageur, June
12, 1706. Died 17,51. aged 80 years.

Villain. Pierre, soldier in company of De
Le Mothe.

Volant. Jean Francois, sleur de Fossen-
euve. Agreed to go to Detroit to serve
as a hunter. July lo. 1703. He was born
in 1670. and married Marguerite Godfroy
June 6. 1701.

Xaintonge. . When I first encoun-
tered this name it stood alone without any
connecting names. I concluded it was an
Indian name and so stated. Further in-
vestigation has led me to conclude that
I was greatly mistaken, and that the In-
dividual was named Pierre Gareau. d t
St. Onge. and that the name St. OiiRe
has been gradualllv changed to Salntonge
and from that to Xalntonge.

Zerbain, Pierre, dlt St. Pierre, a soldier.

FK. DENISSEN'S LETTI'R.

Detroit, Micb.. Nov. 9th. 1896.
Dear Friend Burton:

1 hiivc Vi'iid with relish yt>ur series of artlcloa and tlie Directory of
Detroit from 1701 to 1710, as published in tiie Sundoy News-Tribune.

'IMio many new facts you furnisli on that interesting i»eriod of De-
troit's infancy must be very acct'ptable to every lover of local history.

Xo directory can be complete withctut a full and well authenticated
list of all the ofticers, soldiers and civilians who arrived here with
radillac" on the 24th of July, 1701. In your indefati}:abh> researches, 1
liojie you will yet t\v.d all the names of the whole party wlio founded
Fort rontchartriin at t.lie Detroit. You have the taste, tlie means, and
the ability to Iv/lng to llRht that coveted treasure. Cadillac must have
made a record of all tJiose enuan^d by him to undertake that ditflcult
expedition from Montreal to Detroit, to establish that well-planned post
for the French (Jovernment. lie always gave such an elaborate ac-
count of himself, his doings, his surroundings and his plans; certainly
he did not omit to record the full particulars of the greatest achieve-
ment of liis military life, the founding of tlie most imjxn-tant post in
the Nortliwest of America, a work entirely his own, in concei)tion and
execution. He made his prejiarations in Montreal; there he selected
with care men who could stand tlie hardships of this arduous task.
He must have liad a list of his soldi«'rs, for all had to be paid regularly;
the civilians who accompanied him must have made agreements with
their leader, for they were in quest of gain. Written contracts signed
before a notary were the fashion In those days.

Cadillac and his party took tlie Ottawa route to Detroit. The
French voyag(>urs of those times had calculated with precision the
difficulties of tlieir trii)s. Coming west, they favored the Ottawa route;
going east, tliey preferred traveling by tlie Niagara ri>rtage; this gave
thcni as much a,s p<tssible the lienertt of the water-current.

Cadilh.c arrivefl in the Detroit River and selected his landing place
on the 24th of ,Tuly, 1701, Immediately the party went to work to pro-

FR. DENISSEN'S LETTER. 87

cure Hholtcr for thomselvoH, On the 8t>cond day nftcr their hindlu>»,
tho 26th of July, on the feast of St. Aiiu, the priests, tlu> government
fhii plains of the, party, held religious services for the new .settlers, and
muss was celebrated for the lirst time at Detroit; the liicii)ient church
was dedh-ated. on account of the fea.st of the day, to St. Ann. and St.
Ann's elnnvh has nMuained to this day the mother church of Detroit.

There is no account tliat any white man ha<l his abode al th(> De-
trr "1 River previous to ("adillac You i)roved .satisfactorily that uelth'>r
Peter Roy nor .foseph I'arent could have been liere bef(H'e JiUy of 1701.
There is no >;nnind for the belief that a Francis Peltier preceded
Cadilliic. It could not liave be3n Francis Peltier, tlie son of Fraud"
Peltier and .M;;rKaret MaKdelene Morisseau, foi- he died in Lower
Canada before 1698; his widow, .Majrdelene Thunay, dit Dufresue,
marrlt^l aualn at .Montreal ou the 9th of January, 1698, Peter Malllet.
His son. John Francis Peltier, born at Sorel. liOwer r!ui;i(hi. August
1.S, 1691, came to Detroit with liis stei>falher"s family almut the year
1705-06, and nuirried there March 25, 1718, Mary Louisa Robert.

Peter Roy married, probably in 1703, a Miamis Indian, and took
up his residence In the village of the Miamis. wlio had been imluced by
Cadillac to come f;nd settle nt ir Detroit.

Cadilhic mif^ht have wished that the men of his pai-fy m.arry Indian
women, but Peter Roy is about tlie only one who did so. Tliose vigor-
ous pione<>rs did not shape their love affairs on the utilitarian plan.
The younfr men jrrew lonesome in tills wilderness, and their thoughts
would w'ander back to the gills they left behind them. Permission
was readily gninted to any one wlio wanted to return to I-ower C'lnada
to secure a bride. According as these treasures wer«' imported to De-
troit, the place grew more civilized, and the inhabitants felt more at
home, and contented. The French of Detroit and vicinity never inter-
married with the Indians to any great extent; there liave Iteen a few
exceptional cases, but such marriages w«'re rare. and. Ivecanse so rare,
they were all the more noticed. No bride suits the Frencli licart as
rt^ell as the frank, modest, polite, charming French maiden, who has
the desirable faculty to grace her home as a (pieeu and bring happi-
ness to her surroundings. In the eighteenth century the girls m.-irried
very young. The marriage bond was considered indissoluble; divorces
were unknown; scandah)us inlidelitit'.s, at least on tlie part of the
women, .seem -not to have occurred. Marriages were contracted witli
all the precautions with which the Church guards that sacred contract.
The settlers of the outposts were in constant communication with tlie
people of Lower Canada. They knew eacli ot.lier iiiul their niarriago
relations. It was almost impossible for a man to ab.'indon his lawful
wife In Lower Canada and marry surreptitiously in Detroit or vicinity.

3S FR. DENISSEN'S LETTER.

Tilt' Freiifli lionic witli its coiitonlednoss, iiiiule the niaintcnaiico of
Fort routchartraiu jit Detroit feasible. Detroit owes ujucli to the
French luotliers of the oig'hteentli century.

Your directory sliows wluit sh—e tlu»y liad durin>x the lirst teu
years of our city's existi'uce.

Alh>\v me to nialvc a few interpolations in yorr jircat \vorl<. Ayniard
seems to rfle to be tlie correct spellinij: for lleniart or .Mainiart. Tht>
name is jriven also as Adhemard and llayniard. Peter Ayinard mar-
ried at Lachine. June 12, 1706. Mary Ann Lalande, <liL Filiastreau,
born at Lachine, Fel)ruary 18, 1685, daujrliter of Stephen Lalande and
Nicole Filiastreau. Peter Aymard returned to liachine in 1710-11.

.hdiau i^iariteau. dit Lamarche, did not remain in Detroit. His
grandson, Charles Bariteau, dit Lamarche. born at Lonj;neuil, Lower
Canada, May 26, 1743, settled at Detroit, and married there January 7,
1783, Jane Bernard. lie moved to Sandwich, Out., a few years later,
where he died September 24, 1810. The fandly of Bariteau, dit La-
marche. and their descendants i-emaiued in the vicinity of Sandwich
even to the iiresent day.

The brothers Bazinet, Peter and Joseph, did not take up their resi-
dence in Detroit. Joseph's grandson moved to Detroit and married
tliere July 12, 1784, Mary Louisa Meloche.

Peter's grandson, John liOuis Bazinet, moved withhisfaniilytoSand-
wich. Out. Some of his descendants moved to Detroit; many of them
are r(>sidiug at present at Mt. ('leniens, at the Clinton Uiver, near New
Baltimore, an<l near Si, Clair River.

Francis Bicnvenu. dit Delisle. came to Detroit with his family be-
fore March, 1704 Jlis son Joseph was born at Detroit Manh 5, 1704,
and twelve of his fourteen children were born at Detroit. Tynguay
states that his son Alex's Bienvenu, dit Delisle. was born ;it Detroit
in 1701. I do not see what evidence Tanguay could have for this as-
sertion. The registers of Detroit for 1701-02-03 were burned. I sup-
pose this is a. misprint in Tanguay. The same author gives a son
Aiilhony. from the lirst marriage, who married at Kaskakia. June 3,
1726, Frances Kabut. This Anthony must have been a resident of
Detroit.

Andrew Bombardier was born in tli(> City of Lille. Belgium. He
left Detroit after 1709. and remained in Lower Canadii. His grandson,
Philip Homl>ardier. dit Iiabomi)arde, moved with his family to Sand-
wich. Ont., about 1788. where his descendants can be fOund at t^e
present day.

Charles Cabassler came t-^ Detroit on business. His son. .Tosepli
Cabassier, born at Montreal May 2. 1722, came to Detroit and marrie*}

*
I

FR. DENISSEN'S LETTER. .jg

there JanuaiT 10. 1752, Angelica Bienvemi, dit Delisle. His descond-mts
are still in Detroit or viciuity.

Anthony Cjinipau, born at Montreal .Tanuary 1. 1702- Michael
Canumn, lK)rn at Montreal January 22. 1706, children of Michael Cam
pau, were resident.s of Detroit. '

Henry Canipau. born at Montreal December 3, 1704 and M-iry \nn
Cecilia Canipa.., born at Montreal .Inne 21. 1707, children of James
Campau, were residents of Detroit before 1710.

Paul Duniou'-hel was in Detroit on business and did not settle
there. His son, Paul Duniouchel, Iwrn at Montreal January 11 1717
came to Detroit, married there January 16. 1/49, Jane Chapotou!
dau;,^htcr of Dr. J..hn Chapoton, and Mary Masdelene Esteve. His
wife died the n.^xt year, and he returned to Lower Canada. Louis
\ital Dumouchel, born at Montreal Deeenil)er 12, 1745 prandson of
Paul Duniouchel. Sr., came to Sandwich. Out., and married there No-
vember 22, 1773, Ma^delene Gouyou. They are the ancestors of all the
DumoucheLs of the vicinity of Sandwich and Amhorstburg.

John Le Due, who paid a visit to Detroit October 11, 1710 moved
there with his family about the year 1732. Many of his descendants
reside in Detroit and vi'cinity at the present day.

Kene Maillet was a brother of Peter Maillet. He did not remain
in Detroit; some of his ),'randcliil(lren settled there.

John Francis Peltier, born at Sorel, Lower Canada August 15 1691
was a <ntizen of Detroit. His father, Francis Peltier, died in Low^r
Canada before 1698. Youns Jolin Francis came to I )etroit. wit h his step-
father's family, about the year 1705-06. He married at Detroit, :^Iary
Louisa Robert, daughter of Peter Robert and Auffeliea Ptolomee He
w/is buried there, about the -year 1723. He is the forefather of the
numerous Peltiers of Detroit. Monroe, Toledo. Mt. Clemens. Port Huron
etc. II(> is the j^reat-great-preat-grandfather of Priscdla Mary Ann
Peltier, wife of Alexander Chapoton, our well-known contractor.

Mary Peltier, born in 1697, sister of John Francis Peltier, also came
to D(>troit with her stepfather.

Mary Louisa Robert, born at T^chine December 15, 1698. came to
Detroit May 19, 1708, with her parents. Peter Robert and Angelic.-,
Ptolome. She married John Francis Peltier. After his death she mar-
ried again, at Detroit, January 7. 1725. .John Louis Campau Slic was
buried at Detroit April 2. 1776. She is the great-great-gramlmother of
Daniel .T. Campau. of our city. Peter Robert, born at Lachine Novem-
ber ;,. 1704, is a brother of above Mary Louisa. He is the ancestor of
many of the Roberts of Monroe and vicinity.

Robert Reaume, brother of Charles Reaume, together with Joseph
Trotier, dit Desruis.seaux, and Toussaint Pothier, dii La verdure, was

40 FR. D-NISSEN'S LETTER.

enp;a^e<l on the 5th of Septembfr, 1701, to oscort ]SIrs. De Lamothe
Cadillac, Mrs. Alphonse Tontl and their children from Montreal to De-
troit, and at the BOjine time to accompany Francis Mary Picote de
Belestre and equipages on the same trip. Mrs. Cadillac's cousin, Mary
Guyou, was married to Keue Keuume, brother of this Robert. Robert
Reaume did not settle in Detroit. His sous, Hyaeiuthe and Peter
Roaume, became residents of Detroit after their marriaye, aud are the
forefathers of all the Reauu'es of this vicinity.

Alphonse Tonti, Baron of Paludy, born in 1669, came to Canada in
the luilitary service of the French Government. In 1687, he passed
through the Detroit River, having orders to join Daniel Dulutli do
Greyzelon, who then built u stockade, called Fort St. Joseph, at the
mouth of Lake Huron, where now is Fort Gratiot. This palisade was
destroyed a year later. Alphoi >e Tonti accompanied Cadillac, as cap-
tain of the militai-y expedition, to establish Fort Pontchartrain at the
Detroit, in 1701. Jealous of Cadillac, and encouraged by his (Cadillac's)
enemies, he plotted the failure and destruction of the post at Detroit.
This led to the incendiary th-e in the fort of Detroit, in the latter part
of 1703, when the church, the house of the Recolets and the parish
records were burned. History sustained an irreparable loss by the
burning of those registers, containing the births, marriages, deaths aud
historical notes of the three infantile years of Detroit. Beyond doubt,
the baptism of Tonti's daughter Teresa was registered in those books.
Tliis Teresa Tonti is the first child born in Detroit, of whom we have
any certainty. Tonti married at Montreal February 17, 1689, Mary
Ann IMcote de Belestre, born at Montreal February 9, 1673, daughter
of I'eter Picote de Belestre and Mary Pars. Mary Ann IMcote de Belestre
was buried at Montreal Sept. 11, 1714. Alphonse Tonti married again
at Montreal May 3, 1717, Mary Ann La Marque. Alphonse Tonti was
commandant of Fort Pontchartrain of Detroit, from 1720 to 1727, in
whicli year he died, aud was buried at Detroit November 10. T>ie
following Tontl children must have resided at Detroit previous to 1710.
Pliilip Tonti, born at Montreal September 30, 1689; Mary Fran<.'e^
Tonti, born at Montreal October 19, 1690, became a nun of the Congre-
gation of Notre Dame, by the name of Sister St. Anthony; she was
buried at Montreal June 14, 1748; Alphonse Tonti, born at Montreal
October 30, 1691; Mary Helena Tontl, born at Montreal February 22,
1693; Louis Tonti, born at Montreal February 25, 1694, Avas buried there
December 12, 1715; Henry Hector Tonti, born at Montreal December
21, 1695; Charles Henry Tontl. bom at Montreal May 13. 1697. became
governor of Fort St. Louis; Claude Joseph Tonti, born at Montreal
August 18, 1700; Teresa Tonti, born at Detroit, in 1703.

Tuffe, dit Dufresue, Antoine. This name is also found as Tuve.

Tuve.

FR. DENISSEN'S LETTER. 4t

The correct name is Thunay, dit Dufresne, Anthony, born in 1680, son
of Felix TJuumy, dit Dufresne and Isulwlle Left'bvre. Autliony's sis-
ter, MaKdoleue, mari-ied Francis Felti«M*, and, after his dcalh, Peter
Maillt't. His otlier sister, Margaret, married Toussaint I'otliier, dit
Laverdure, wlio escorttnl Mrs. Cadillac and Mi's. Tonti to Detroit.

In one of your articles you say: "I confess that 1 do not under-
stand how the old French names arc made ui)." The various chanj^oa
of French names are truly a puzzle to the student of genealogy. The
following explanations and illustrations, 1 think, will account for most
of those innovations:

1. The early colonists of Lower Canada obtained from the French
Government grants of extensive tracts of laud. Tliese grants were
executed in the mediaeval phraseology used under the feu<lal system
of holding estate. The settlers assuming a resemblance between their
holdings and the domains of the French barons and "seigneurs," called
their large, wild farms by certain titles, and attixed the same to their
own family names, in imitation of the European nobility. In some
cases these titles were coniirmed i>y the governnu^ut. The owners of
these vast estates considered themselves seigneurs of this new country,
and were very proud of the affixes to their names. In business trans-
actions these additions to their signatures were used with all their
flourislies. At baptisms the title had to be entered in the parish reg-
isters; at marriages the affix to the old family name sounded high
both for bride and groom in the verbose marriage contract; respecta-
bility was increased by the presence of many witnesses with titled
names. In this nuiuner the owners of large estates in Lower Canada,
at a certain period of the seventeenth century, looked upon themselves
and upon each other as a quasi-nobility. Their children naturally as-
sumed those titles and often thouglit more of the affixes than of their
own family names. Feudalism was about dead, and fast dying in
Europe in those days, and therefore could not gain foothold in America.
In the elgliteenth century we do not tind new titles originating; still
the old ones remained. The grandchildren ami great-grandchihlreu of
these titled pioneers often discarded tlie old family name and were
known only by the new title. Hence the new names that the gen-
ealogist has to contend with. As an illustration, take the Trotior
family. The Trotiers of America all descend from Julius Trotier, born
In 1590, in the parish of St. Martin, in the Town of Ige. in the province
of Perehe, France. He, seemingly a common citizen, came with hia
family to Canada about the year 1645. His childi-en married in Canada,
and, in the course of time, had large families. They obtaine<l extensive
estates and were very lavish in originating titles for the same. In a
few years we find Trotier Sleur des Ruisseaux, Trotior Seigneur de

FR. DENISSEN'S LETTER.

risle Porrot, Trotier Sieiir de Beaubien, Trotler Seigneur ile la Riviere
du liOup. Trotier Seij?neur de I'lsle aux Herons, Ti-otier Sieur des
Auliiiers, Trotier de la Bissoniiiere, TVotier dit Desrivieres, Trotier de
Belleeour, Trotier de Valcour. etc. Many of tliese Trotiers gradually
dropped tlie family name and signed only the assumed title. Hence
we have the families of Beaubien, Desruisseaux, D»^.iulnlers, Belleeour,
Labissounlere, Desrivieres, Devalcour, etc. All theisc trace to a common
ancestor, Julius Trotier.

2. Another cause of the change of French names was the custom
so prevalent in former times, of nicknaming themselves and others.
This was done sometimes to discera one family from another of the
same name; as a family Baron was nicknamed Lupien— Baron dit Lupien
—to distinguish it from other Baron families, Lup'eu being the Chris-
tian name of the ancestor of that family in this country. At other oc-
casions t/ho*niclvname originated through family pride; when a mem-
ber was distinguished, that branch of a family would annex the Chris-
tian name of the hero, or, if a woman, the family name of the revered
heroine. In this manner some Cuilleriers lost their own name through
the marriage of John Cuillerier with Mary Catherine Trotier de Beau-
bien; this lady was distinguished through her family title of Beaubien,
and after John Cuillerier's death, by becoming the wife of Francis
Plcoto de Belestre, an officer of Fort Pontchartrain. On this account
her children from the first marriage signed themselves Cuillerier dit
Beaubien, and in later generations Cuillerier was dropped and nothing
was left bUt Beaubien. These are the Beaubiens of our vicinity.
Another instance of the same kind we find in the family of Leonard.
Leon.'ird Simon, born at Montreal, September 3, 16i)6, was considered
by his descendants to have been a great man, consequently the family
name became Simon dit Leonard; in time the old name Simon was
dropped and Leonard became the family name. These Leonards we
find '" Monroe and viciuiity in great abundance. Again families {glorify-
ing the section of country their forefatliers came from, added to their
names the province, city or town of their ancestor. In this manner the
Sedilot family, who came from the City of Montreuil, in IMcardy,
France, became Sedilot dit Montreuil, and later on are simply Mon-
treuil. So it was with Casse, who originated from the town of St.
Aubin; they became Casse dit St. Aubin. and now are only St. Aubin.
The same we find in Bourgeat, wbo came from the province of Pro-
vence; they adopted Bourgeat dit Provencal, and now are Provencal.
We meet with the same case in the family of Lootman, who are of
Holland origin, and moved from the Netherlands to the province of
Berry, Franc*; they became in Canada Lootman dit Barrols, later on
In Detroit we find them as Barrois. The same Is true of Toulouse,

FR. DENISSEN'S LETTER. ^

Champagne, Gascon, Langoumols, and many others. There are ni^k
names that originated from the peculiar circumstances of birth like
Nicolas Campau dit xNlagara. who was born at the Portage of Niagara
when his parents were traveling from Detroit to Montreal It hap-
pened, also, that nicknames were given by Indians, as Labadie dit
Badichon, Peltier dit Antaya. Nicknames have also been given frivol-
ously and would stick in future generations, as in the family of
Poissant, sounding like Poisson (fish), by adding Lasaline (salt). Pois-
sant dit Lasaline (saltflsh). Another way of nicknaming was by adopt-
ing a peculiar Christian name by which a certain person was known
in the community; so we find in the family of Le Tourneux, a Jean
Baptiste Le Tourneux, who settled in Sandwich, opposite the Michigan
Central Depot of present Detroit, about 110 years ago. He was known
by everyone as Jeanuette (the diminutive name of Jean); by iu<orrect
spelling he became Janet and Jauette, lience Le Tourneux dit Janette.
His numerous descendants are called Janette. From him we have
Janette street in Windsor, Ont., and farther west Janette's Creek, and
Janette railroad station.

The most curious way of changing of names we find in the family
of Ellair or Elaire. Tlio common ancestor is Ililaire Suieuu, wbo
came from France and married at Quebec June 18. 1691. His son's
nanie was Peter bureau dit Blondin, who married at Montreal in 1723;
and his children signed themselves Blondin dit Ililaire. Their descend-
ants were named Ililaire, and in Detroit the name has been corrupted
to Ellair.

Other modes might be mentioned. It is singular tliat scarcely a
name has been adopted from the trade, occupation or profession that a
person folloAved.

These nicknames are attached to the name proper by the word
"dit," which might be rendered in our language by "oallod," "named."
"namely," "to wit," "known as;" but "dit" is so idiomatically French
that it can hardly be translated into English.

Tiie suppression of "s" in some names, as from Chesne to Chene,
Estienno to Etienne. is accounted for by the evolution of the French
language from the old form to the modern way of spelling.

I hope. Mr. Burton, that my explanations may assist you in the
great work, which seems to you a pleasure.

Yours sincerely,

CHRISTIAN DENISSEN,
Pastor of St. Charles', Detroit.

K4SX