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1 2 3

32X

•fCAN

PRINTEI

§•

..f p o e K E T r-

l5>EXleo^l

.^Canadian ••• Freemasonry, -f

By W. J. MORRIS,

/'. D. D. G. M., ^t. Laurence Distrid.

'••-

V^ERTII I
PRINTED AT THE COURIER OFFICE, BY WALKER BROTHERS.

1889.

t' '

Entered according to Act of Parlimnent in the year 188!», by
W. .1. Mouuis. in the Office of the Minister of Agriculture.

<g'( )R n
Ih s.nal-

^-^ Woul

brethren

that in t

ted, and

Wi^h thi

Freeniast

Mackey i

have a gi

hiuher d(

of Masoi

interest :

degrees

securing

made so

In the
sire to f<
dian Ma

Perth

Zo tbe noasone of Cana^a,

<^(m n.any years past there has heeu felt the want of a
If sn.all and reliable iV/./.so.,/c iW'ef (hmpo'uon, which
^3 ,v<.uia enable any intelligent Mas<.n to address his
brethren on Masonic history, etc., with the contidence
that in the hiformation obtained no innovation is admit-
ted, and purely - York W<,rk " is strictly -^^-^-^^
Wi^h this view 1 have compiled the present A L C ot
Freemasonry, in the same style as the Lexicons of ( )liver
Mackey and Macoy, but as these are both expensive, and
have a great part of the book . ^ken up with the so-called
hi.her degrees, which are of little interest to the majority
of Masons, I now appeal to my brethren to show their
interest ii a purely Canadian work, conlined to the hree
decrees of Antient Masonry, by members of each lodge
securing a reasonable nun.ber of copies, as the price is
made so low as to place it within the reach of all.

In the contidence that the brethren will show their de-
sire to forward the attempt I have made to beneht Cana-
dian Masonry, I subscribe myself.

Yours faithfully and fraternally,

W. J. MORRIS,
P. D. v. G. 3i., i^t. Lawreitce District.

Perth, Amjnst, ISSIK

POCKET LEXICON

—OK—

CANADIAN FREEMASONRY.

ABIF.

A Hebrew word signifying " liis father." The word
ab, or father, was fro([iiently used by the ancient Jews
as a title of honour, It is thus used in 2nd Chronicles,
cli. iv., verse 10, where we are t<»ld "the pots also and
the shovels, and the flesh hooks and all their instru-
ments, did Hurani his father make to King Solomon,"

ABSENCE.

In the antient charges, the regular attendance of each
brother is insisted uj)on, in the following rule Avhich is
still continued in the Constitution : "That no Master or
Fellow coukl be absent frr)m the lodge, es])ecially when
warned to ap])ear at it, without incurring a severe cen-
sure, until it ai)peared to the Master and Wardens that
pure necessity hindered him."

ACACIA.

The name of an evergreen plant or shrub which grows
in abundance in tha vicinity of Jerusalem. Its ap»j)lica-
tion to Freemasonry is well known to all Master Masons.

ACCEPTED.

The Craft use this word as the ecjuivalent of "initia-
ted." It alludes to the time when the great majority of
Freemasons were Operatives, and who occasionally ac-
cepted non-operatives into the Society. For instance,
in the regulations made on St. John's day, 1G63, the

Canadian Freemasonry . 7

Earl <»f St. All)jins l)eing Oraiid Master, it was decided
"n(» person hereafter, \vln» shall be accepted a Free-
mason, shall l)e Jidniitted into any lod.jj;e or asseinl)ly,
until he has brought a certiticate of the time and j)lace
of his accei)tation from the lodge that accejtted him, unto
the Master t)f that limit or divisicm where such lodge is
kei)t."

ADMISSION.

To be admitted into the Masonic Cr.ift, the applicant
must be free born, of at least twenty-one years of age,
in possession of his full senses, free from any physical
defect, of irre})roa,chable manners, or, as commonly
stated, "under the tongue of go<xl report,"' No atheist,
eunuch, or woman can be admitted. The reiiuirements
as to sex, age and soundness of body, refer to the time
when the society was i)urely operative, for able work-
men require to be able l^odied men, wliile the mental
and religious qualifications refer to the duties and o})li-
gations of a Freemason. A weak minded ])erson could
not understand them, nor would an atheist respect them.

ADONIRAM.

The chief overseer of the 30, (XM) hewers who were
sent to cut timber in the forest of Lebanon. He is in-
troduced in the degree of Past Master.

AFFILIATED.

A mason who is a member of a lodge, is so called to
distinguish him from a "demitted," or "unaffiliated"
mason, who is not a member of any lodge.

ALARM.

The announcement of a person demanding admission
to .a lodge is thus called in mason language.

ALL SEEING EYE.

An emblem found in every well-furnished lodge, and
which it is unnecessary further to explain.

8 Pocket Lexicon of

ALTAR

Tho i»1juh' wluTu tlio .s.-ierud otForiiigH were iJruHtnitod
to («n(l. Tilt' [>ro[>er form of the <'ilt;ir should l»u ;i cuhu
ubout three feet in heijjfht, and hiivinj,' ))luced upon it,
the ojten liible, S(iu;ire and Coiiii>jisses, while around
it in trian<,'ular form are i)laced the three lesser li<j;hts.

AMPLE FORM.

When (rr;uid Lodge is opened by the (Jrand Master,
it is said to be opened in "Ample Form" ; when ])y the
Deputy Grand Master, "in due Form," iind if })y any
other olticer it is sim])ly "in form."

ANTIENT CRAFT MASONRY.

The degrees of Entered Ai)prentice, FeUovv Craft and
Master Mason are .so called, as these were the only de-
degrees antiently conferred by the Craft.

ANNIVERSARY.

The festivals of St. John th) Bajjtist and St. John
the Evangelist being June 24th, and December 27th,
are the two days s})ecially observed ])y the Masonic Craft.

ANTIQUITY OF FREEMASONRY.

This is a subject (m which much has been written,
and many disputes have arisen. There is, however, little
doubt that the Masonic Craft is by far the oldest of any
society in existence. It is true that it has been remod-
eled in its organization at various periods, but in all its
essentials and peculiarities it is traceable under various
names in many countries to a remote antiquity. This
will be further referred to under the heads of "Grand
Lodges" and " Travelling Freemasons."

APPEAL.

The Master is supreme in his lodge, so far as the lodge
is concerned. He is responsible for his government of
the lodge, not to the members, but only to Grand

Cafi(ufi(Vt Freemasonry

I'UHOllttMl

.'i c'ii])e
fipoii it,
.•ii-(»uik1
IliL'Iit.s.

M.-ister,

\\ 1)y tlic

l)y Hiiy

r.ift and
>nly de-

t. John
sr 27th,
ic Crnft.

>vritten,
ir, little
j of any
reniod-
ti all its
various
, This
Grand

3 lodge
lent of
Grand

Lodge. Tliore is no appeal in tlie lodge fmni the de-
cision of tlie Master, wiio is absolute.

APPTIKNTICE.

The entered apitrcntiet' is tlie first <legr«'e in Masonry,
wherein tlie newly-initiated l)rutlier is inijtressed by
certain symbolic ceremonies of tlu- duty he owes to his
brethren, in a maimer which can never l)e forgotten.

APRON.

The lambskin, or white leather ajtron, is the badge of
a Mason, and is the Hrst gift of the Master to the Ap-
})rentice. The a])ron is worn by o])erators to ]>reserve
tlieir garments from spot or stain ; ))ut we assjteculative
Masons use it for a more noble ))urpose. P»y the white-
ness of the colour and the innocence of the animal fronj
which it is obtained we are admcmished to preserve that
blameless purity of life and conduct, which will enable
us to present ourselves before the Great Architect of
the Universe, unstained with sin and unsullied by vice.

ASHLAR.

Speculative Masons use the ashlar in two forms : one
rough, just as it came from the (|uarry, representing
Man in his ignorant, uncultivated state ; and the other,
finely finished and ready ff)r its place in the building,
represents Man, educated and refined.

ASSEMBLY.

Previous to the organization of Grand Lodges in their
present form, the annual meetings of the Craftsmen were
so called.

ATHEIST.

One who does not believe in a God, Masons, looking
at the dangerous tendency of such a tenet, have always
refused to admit in the craft any atheist ; and every
initiate is required publicly and solemnly to declare his
trust in God.

J'ockef Lexicon of

BALLOT.

Ill tlie oluctioii of ciiiiilidjiti'.s, lod^'o.s use white and
Id.iuk hulls, and no pur.son "can hu udniittud a niond)er
((fa jn'ivate lod<j;e, (.r made a niason therein if two black
Italls apjtear aifaiiusf him." In many lodges, one l>laek
hall, undei- theii' hy-lavvs, is sullicient to exclude, hut in
any case shouM two be found the a[)|ilicant nnist be
rrfujieil. This rule is sometimes thought by young
Masons to be severe, but it is one of our Jintient rules,
handed down for a long period, for, as the antient con-
stitutions say, " the nieud)ers of a particular lodge are
the best judges of it, and if a turbulent member were
imposed on them, it might spoil the harmony or hinder
the freedom of their conununications, and even break
and disjierse the lodge, which ought to y)e avoided by
all the true and faithful." '" Ik'fore declaring the result
of the ballot, the ballot-box shall bo placed on the altar
f(;r examination by any member of the lodge, and the
result having once been <leclared by the Master, no
further ballot on the subject shall be allowed." A can-
didate against whom two or more black balls have been
cast cainiot be balloted for in the same or any other
lod^e within twelve months from the time of such re-
jection.

BEAUTY.

One of the three principal supports of Masonry. The
other;-* being Wisdom and Strength. The columii of
the J.".W. •. which is the Corinthian and is placed in
S. ". re[)resents Beauty.

BENAC.

A corruption of a Hebrew word which signifies "The
Builder." It is used principally in French lodges.

BIBLE.

Amongt Christian Masons the Holy Bible is undoubt-
edly the chief of the greater lights, for, placed in the
centre of the lodge it sheds its rays East, West and

Couddian Frecmosntyv.

Sniitli. Ainnii^st Hiiul<M)5<, ]*('rsians and Maliunittans,
thuir saciL'd boukH take a similar }it>sitiun.

BLUE.

Tliis i.s till? iir(i|ior nilour of tlio antieiit <U'irit't's of
Froi'inaHoiiry. and i.s ;_'(.-ni'ralIy t'Xidair.od as l>t'iiM4 t-ni-
bleiiiatic of fri«Mi(lshii> and rliarity, teaching us that in
the tiiiiul of a Mason tliesu virtiu's shall be co-cxtensive
with the hluc vault of heaven.

liOAZ.

The name of the left-hand ])illar vhich stood at the
entrance of the i)orcli of King Solomon's Temple. The
meanin*^ of the vord, which is Hebrew, is "in streiiiith.'
— See further on undc the headiuL,' "Pillars of the
Porch." BoHZ. or Booz, i-; also givon in " Crudens C(»n-
cordance " as meaning " in strength," or *' in the goat " —
the latter evidently ■' ^ ."erring to the "goat " as the crest
of the House of David — B 'a:'., the great graml father of
David, Ix'ing mentioned \v Kuth. 'Jndchajt., and further
on, which see. This jirobably is the origin of all the
foolish stories of the "goat " in connection with Masonic
lodges, being a faint tradition <»f tbf? emlilenis of David,
aiui therefore an additional evidence of tiie aniiijuity of
the craft.

BONE or BONEH.

This is a Hebrew word, which it is said, it is next
to impossible for an English-speaking man to sound
correctly, owing to the guttural termination. The mean-
ing of the word is "Builder." It was S})ecially ap-
])lied to Hiram Abif, who was chief builder at the con-
struction of King Solomtm's Temple.

BOOK OF CONSTITUTION

Is the work that contains the rules and regulations of
the Order as decided by Grand Lodge. It also contains
accounts of the rights of lodges and members, and de-
tails of ceremonies, such as funerals, consecrations, in-

ut.

Pocket Lexicon of

stallations. tto. Tlic earliest recoiu we luivj (»f such a
wurk, is a manuscript written in tlie reign of Edward
IV., whic!i states that Prince Edwin asseuil)led the
Mas"ns at Yi>rk in 1>l'0. and then formed the English
Masiiiiic C(insritutiiini>:, from tlie written (h)cuments in
various languages, which were then submitted. These
C •iistiruri- »ns c>»ntinued untler tlie name <»f the "(ilothic
Constitutions, " to govern the Craft until the revival of
Ma-oi.iy ahout ITl-"), when, probably from careless
co|)\ iu'j^^. ,iiid perhaj).^ ii^norauce. they were found to ])e
very def -ttive, and in 17-1 the Duke of Montague, who
was at that time (iiand Master, ordered Bro. James
Andei'son to "revi.se and digest them in a better
method." This having Iteen done, the same year, in
Dectinlicr, fwuitcen learned Vtretlnen were ap})ointed a
connnittee to t.'xannne the result of his labours, and the
followinii March his work was, with some tritlin<x
amendments, adopted by (irand Lodge, and j)ublished
in 172.'>, entitled "The Book of C(tnstitutions of the
Freemason.s, containing the History, Charges. Regula-
tions, etc., of the Most Ancient and Right \Vorshi))ful
Fraternity, for the use »»f the Lodges." Another edition
was issued in 1738, and again in 1754 and 17<i7, when
revised e<litions were issued, since which period the
York Constitutions have remained, and are the base of
all sucli works issued by Grand Lodges. The origin of
this Work was, that during the reign of (.»)ueen Anne,
Freemasonry was in a very sickly condition, ])artly ow-
ing to the age and weakness of the (Jrand Master, Sir
Christopher Wren, the last (Iraiid Master of the purely
opifafirr Mii.-nnis. On his death, there were still four
Lodges extant in London, and they determined to re-
vive (ir.ind Lodge, which had been dormant for some
years, and also restore the cpiarterly comnrniicntions,
and the annual festival. Tliis they did, ai a meeting
held in the "Apple Tree Tavern," in London, and agreed
amongst other things, "that no Lodge should there-
after l)e ]>ermitted to be held, (the four old Lodges alone
excepted), unless by authority of a charter grante.l by

Canadian Frceniasonr\ .

the (ircuul Master, with the consent and jqijiroliation of
Grand Lodge." In this way the ohi IMasdns in London
transferred all their own inlx-rent ])rivileges as individ-
ual Masons to the four Lodges, in trust, that tlicy would
never sutler the antient land-marks to l»e infringed. ( )n
the (jther hand these L(»dges agreed to recognize every
Lodge which should henceforth he regularly constituted,
and to adniit the Masters and Wardens to all iiri\ilfges
of Grand Lodge. ])recedencf oi,]y excepted. Fnuling,
however, that the Craft was ra; idly spreading : new
Lodges grttwing uj) in all direcHoii.s, it whs a cause of
alarm lest the four old Lodues should losu their snucial
])rivileges which th \y had been given, and on this ac-
count, a Code was prepared, with the consent of all the
brethren, for the future government of the Order. To
this was ainiexed the regulation, binding the (Jrand
Master and his successors, antl the Master of ever}'
Lodge to preserve these regulations inviola le, and or-
dering theui to be read in ()j)en Lodge at least once in
each year. These are end)odied in the " Look <if Con-
stitution " as " bunnnary of the Antient Charges and
Regulations,' to be be read by the Grand Secretary,
or acting Secretary, to the Master elect, prior to his
installation in the chair i>f the Lodge."

BROKEN COLUISIN.

Is emblematic of the chief sujjporter of the Craft,
who fell before his work was (juite com[)lete.

BROTHER.

The term used by Freemasons to each other as no^
only professing faith in the same Deity, but being cov
enanted to each other in the most solemn manner.

CABLE TOW.

Is well known to all Masons. It is sometimes refer-
red to : Hosea xi., 4 : "I drew them with cords <»f a
man, with bands of love." The ordinary meaning, how-
ever, is well understood by all brethren.

Pocket Lexicofi of

CANDIDATE.

This w^nl i-s derived from the Latin, when in antient
times a man wjught office, he dressed in a white robe
(f(,i\<i cau'lida). We use the word to give the idea that
the purity of the man entitles him to admission.

CARPET.

A painting or tracing, shcnving the border and tesselat-
ed pavement. It is also used to designate a chart to
exemplify the symbols of the degrees.

CAUTInN.

An Entered Apprentice is always, on his initiation,
instructed in ]»eculiar ways to observe " cantio)i."

CENTRE.

In the Ma.ster's <iegree, the Lodge is always declared
open <>n the Centre, because all being of equal rank,
none are nearer or farther from the Centre than the
others, while in Fellow Craft or Apprentice Lodge.s,
thi.s is necesjiarily not the case.

CHARGES.

Many old records had been preserved amongst the
English Didges. containing the regulations of the Craft,
when the Gmnd Master of England, the Duke of
Montague, under instructicms of Grand Lt>dge, ordered
that they should be collected, and, after being thor-
oughly examined, be annexed to the Book of Constitu-
tioTia, at that time being pre})ared by Bro. James An-
derson. This was done, and the resulting document
— " The old charges of the Free and Accepted Masons "
— is found in all works of Constitution, and is universal-
ly received as [»art of the law of the Craft.

CHARITY.

It is one of the boasts of the Masonic body, that in
its truest sense, it inculcates charity, and by this is
not meant merely aiding the poor with gifts or money.

Canadian Freemason?'v

n antient
hite robe
idea that

tesselat-
chart to

litiation,

I."

declared

il rank,

:han the

Lodges,

igst the
e Craft,
)uke oJF
ordered
g thor-
onstitu-
les An-
ciiment
as(jns "
iversal-

that in
this is
noney.

It is more that a true Mason will endeavor to hide a
brother's failings and faults ; — will he slow t(» anger
and (juick to forgive, not merely tliose who are mem-
bers of this particular Lodge, but all who are found in
our ranks, no matter in what country they may be
found. For it is the pride « if cmr ( >rder that a worthy
Mason, poor and destitute, or sick and helpless, will
find a friend in every brother and a In »me in every land.

CHISEL.

Is one of the working tools i>f an entered Apprentice,
who is emblematically instructed in its use for the im-
provement of mind and character.

CIRCUMNAMBULATION.

A procession around the Altar, always formed a
prominent ] art, in all the antient religi* >ns. At such
times, the course followed was that of the Sun, and was
usually rei)eated three times.

CLANDESTINE.

Illegal. A body of Masons meeting as a Lodge, and
carrying on work as such, without the consent of Grand
Lodge, is called a "Clandestine Lodge," and all regular
Masons, are forbidden to associate with or con^-'^rse on
Mas(mic subjects, with " Clandestine Mas<ms."

CLOSING.

The ceremony of closing the Lodge is as important
as that of opening. It shoul4 never be omitted through
negligence, n(jr carelessly hurried through, lest some
brother should fail to "receive his just due. " In Masonic
Lodges there is no such thing as an "adjournment,"
but the Lodge must either be "called off" by order of
the Master, or "closed."

CLOTHED.

A Mason is said to be clothed, when he wears white
leather gloves, and the apron and jewel pertaining to his
rank.

jll

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)' ' f

V I

■S ■ ;

COMPASSES.

As in ()[)C'mtive Masonry, the Compasses are used for
the nieasurenient of the Architect's ])lans, so are they
used by Freemasons, symbolically to instruct in the
duty of 8np[)ressing undue passions and keeping our de-
sires within due bounds. The position of the compasses
also mark the various degrees in the ceremonies of the
Lodge.

CONSECRATION.

A warranted Lodge is required to be "dedicated and
consecrated." The elements used in these ceremonies
are Corn, Wine and Oil, which are emblematic of health,
j)lenty and peace. A Lodge under dispensation is not
dedicated or consecrated. This is or should be done as
soon after the Charter has been granted, as possible.
Also a Lodge which moves into new rooms, should have
the same ceremonies performed.

CORINTHIAN ORDER.

The most ornamental of the Orders. The column of
Beauty, which supports the Lodge, is of this Order, and
its position and symbolic Officer are in the S.

CORNER STONE.

In all great and magnificent buildings, the first stone
in the foundation is called the " Corner Stone," and is
laid in the North East, with solemn and appropriate
ceremonies.

COWAN.

An uninitiated or profane. This, which is purely a
Masonic word, is derived from the Greek, "Kunos," a
"dog." It is supposed the term originated in the early
Christian days, to express those who had not been initi-
ated into the Christian mysteries. See Matthew vii.
Chap. 6v., "give not that which is holy to dogs."

CRAFT.

Is ordinarly a trade, and also in a collective sense the

H i

Canadian Freemasonry.

used for

are they

ct in the

g our cle-

)in passes

ies of the

ated and
sremonies
)f health,
on is not
i done as
possible.
3uld have

olumn of
rder, and

irst stone
," and is
propriate

purely a
unoa," a
the early
3en initi-
liew VII.

ense the

persons who follow it. It has, lnjwever, become
amongst English-speaking men universal t<» call Free-
masonry "the craft," as contra distinguished from any
other society.

DARKNESS.

Among Freemasons, Darkness is the emblem of ig-
norance. In all the Antient mysteries, the candidate
was always shrouded in darkness, in preparition for the
time when he was admitted to the full light of know-
ledge.

DEACON.

In every symbolic Lodge, two of the lowest t)f the in-
ternal officers are called the Senior and .Junior Deacon.
It is their duty to attend the worshipful Master and as-
sist the Wardens in the active duties <jf the Lodge, such
as the reception of candidates in the different degrees,
and in the immediate practice of the rites and cer-
emonies.

DEGREES.

Antient Craft Mascmry consists of but three Degrees:
Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason,
to which may be added the honorary degree of Past-
master, which is conferred only on the electi(»n of a
brother to the Chair. In all the antient mysteries and
spurious Freemasonry we find their systems also divided
into three degrees.

DEMIT.

A Master is said to have taken his Demit from the
Craft when he has applied to his Lodge and withdrawn
from all connection therewith, by mutual consent. A
demitted Mason is freed from all dues, &c. , and has no
claim for pecuniary aid, but is not released from his
Masonic obligations, nor from that control which the
Craft exercises over the moral conduct of its members,
the rule being "once a Mason, always a Mason." A
demitted Mason cannot be buried with Masonic honors.

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til

DISTRICT DKPL'TV (IRAND MASTER.

C.iUt'd in England " Pi'ovinci.'d Grand Master," is an
as.sistant and rcprcsentativo of tlic (Irand Master. In
the absence of the CJrand Master lie rules and supervises
a District, and is expected to visit each Lodge in his
District at least once a year, and make a formal rep -rt
to (Irand Lod'j;c of the state of his District, ilis duties,
if properly performed, are heavy and very iini)ortant to
the Craft.

DISCALCEATION.

Or removing the shoe, as a token of respect, is a cus-
tom of most remote antiquity in the East. In Exodus

III. 5, the Angel of the Lord tells Moses, "Draw not
nigh, hither ; [)ut otl" thy shoes from oil' thy feet, for
the i»lace whereon thou standest is holy ground."' An-
other custom will bo found in the Book of Ruth, Chap.

IV. 7, ''Now this was the man ler in former times in
Israel concerning redeeming and concerning changing,
for to contirm all things; a man plucked otF his shoe,
and gave it to his neighbour ; and this was a testimony
m Israel."

DISPENSATION.

A power to do certain things not usually alhjwed
by the constitution ; such ]_)ower l)eing vested in the
Grand Master, who uses it for "good reason " Dispen-
sation may be granted to ap[)ear in public in Masonic
clothing ; to elect olhcers at another date than fixed by
the l>y-hiws ; to hold a Lodge of instruction to confer
a hii^her <legree on a brother at a shorter interval than
usual ; to receive and act upon a i)etition fr(jm a candi-
date who resides outside the jurisdiction of the Lodge ;
t(j initiate more than five candidates in one day ; to ini-
tiate a candidate who is under twenty-(jne years of ago ;
to initiate without fee a person who is proptjsed to act
as a serving brother. The above are amongst the pre-
rogatives of the Grand Master, handed down to us from

Cafiddian Free fit 'i son rv

!i remote period, but mrely acted upon, .'(IkI never witli-
out sufHcient re.-ison.

DORIC ORDER.

The oldest ;uid luo.st rolju.st of the three Orders.
Thi.s rei)re.sents the cohniin of Strength, ;ind its symbolic
position ;ind officer Jire in tlio W.

EAR OF CORN.

From the most iiniient times this was regarded as the
emblem (tf Plenty. In Hebrew, the word which means
an ear of corn also conveys the idea of a llow of water.
Hence it is generally sh(»wn <tn Masonic charts, as a
sheaf of corn suspended near a rai»id stream.

EAST.

From the most remote times the East has been looked
upon as S])ecially sacred, as the sun rises in the East to
illumine the day ; it is figuratively the seat < )f light. Like
the Temple at Jerusalem, all INIasonic Lodges arc built,
or supi)osed to be built due East and West— under this
old idea, the North is said to l)e the seat of Darkness.

ELECTION.

One of our antient regulations is that no candidate
can be elected a meml)er of our Craft until strict en(iuiry
be made into his moral character. For this reason, un-
less the Grand Master's dispensation be obtained, not
less than one mcmth must elapse, so as to afford time
ff)r the committee to investigate, when should the re-
port be unfavourable, no l)allot shoidd be taken. The
election of ofHcers takes place inunediately preceding
St. John the Baptist or St. John the Evangelist's day, as
the by-L'uvs of each Lodge may require. Canvassing for
any brother is proliibited, but each member is expected
to use his own best judgment for the interest of the
Lodge.

ENTERED.

A Masonic term applied to a candidate, who has just

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■1

• 4
111

r 1-

been admitted to the First Degree. Hence the term
"Entered Apprentice."

EXAMINATION.

The examination of strangers applying for admission
to the Lodge should be entrusted only t(j the most
skilled and careful members. All necessary caution
should be used, beginning with the Tyler's O.B. and
proceeding regularly, as one supposes, the applicant
originally obtained the inforniati(jn. Care should be
tiiken not to tell the applicant that he has failed in this
or that question, which might put an imposter on his
guard. Better to say "lam not satisfied," or "I do
not recognize you." If a man is so careless in his at-
tendance at L(Klge, that he has forgotten our customs,
his visit is not likely to be an advantage to the brethren,
and it is better to refuse him, than to risk admission to
a "Cowan." The Masonic rule is to recognize no man
as a Mason, unless he can prove himself to be such.

EXPULSION.

This, the highest penalty known to Masons, is imposed
only by Grand Lodge, and only for gross immoral or
criminal conduct. The course usually followed is for
the private Lodge to try the offending brother, and re-
port the case to Grand Lodge, when, if the offence and
evidence be sufficient, then Expulsion is decreed. An
expelled Mason forfeits all claim to rights and privileges
which he formerly enjoyed, both as a member of a par-
ticular Lodge and also as one of the Craft as a whole.
He can no longer demand aid or sympathy from the
brethren, nor visit any Lodge, nor take part in any
of the public or private ceremonies of the Order. It
would also be a crime, in any brother aware of his ex-
pulsion, to hold any communication with him on Masonic
matters.

FELLOW CRAFT.

The Second Degree of Antient Masonry, is specially

Canadian Freemasonry.

enn

devoted to Science. As an Apprentice, the brother whs
clothed in the white apron, emblematic of innocence,
and now having passed the porch of the Temple, is on
his way to the Middle Chamber, and is taught the
antient and unerring mode ol distinguishing a friend
from a foe. He is taught to encourage industry and re-
ward m«3rit, to aid his brethren to the utmost of his
power, and <m no account to wrong them or see them
wronged, and is finally taught that wlierever he is, and
vhatever he does, an all-seeing eye beholds him, and
records all his actions.

FINANCES.

The funds of the Lodge are under the care of the
Treasurer, who only pays them out l>y connnond of the
Master, with consent of the brethren, who have ex-
pressed their consent by open vote in Lodge.

FIVE POINTS OF FELLOWSHIP

Are specially inculcated by the master in a most im-
pressive manner, so that a Mason who has once passed
through this ceremony can scarcely fail to remember his
duty, and is not to halt but to press on to the aid of his
brethren. He also will remember when performing his
devotions to the Almighty, to consider his l)rother's wel-
fare as well as his own. Also never to betray the con-
fidence that a brother Mason has reposed in him, and
if he knows of a brother being in distress he will offer
him the hand of kindness, and endeavor to prevent
him falling into despair, and finally knowing of a
brother's faults will kindly remonstrate with him and
endeavor to reclaim him, and at the same time knowing
he is but human, will throw over him the veil of Ma-
sonic Charity, and strive to prevent his failing become
the gibe of the profane.

FORM OF THE LODGE.

The form of a lodge is said to be an oblong square,
with its greatest length from East to West and its
breadth from North to South.

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FORTY SlOVKNTIl I'llOBLEM.

Tho 47tli problem <»f tlio Lst book of Kiicb'd h;i,s boon
adoptod !is tlu! jowol of ;i Past Master. This [)robk;m,
from its great iitiHty in m ikiiig ca eulalion.s, and (bviw-
ing.H fo:; lnu](Uii'^H, is in Eiii^l and called the ' c i.rp .mters'
pr.>l)lem."

FRRE-IJORN.

Ry the reijuit'emeiit of onr constitutions ev(»ry can-
didate for a buission into Masonry must be "free-born."
Till' meanin'4 of this is eviilently that as a mutual con-
tract has to be entered into, the applicant nuist be
master of his own will and actions.

FREEMASON.

Ori'^intlly the term "free" mean*" that the person so
styled was free of the com[)any of incor[)orated .Masftns.
Such corp )rations still exist in Euro[)e, and as a matter
of honor, distiiiL^iiished men are frequently madt; "free"
of one corporation or another. It is probable that the
origin of the name was in the tenth century when the
Pope inc'U'porated the Free Masons.

FREEMASONRY

Is described as "a beautiful system of Morality,
veiled ia allegory, and illustrated by symbols."

FUNERALS.

No one but a Master Mason can be buried with the
funeral honours of Masonry, and even then, only in
compliance with certain unalteralde restrictions. No
brother can be interred with the formalities of tho craft
except by his own re(iuest, preferred, while living, to
some member of his lodge, strangers and the higher
officers of the order, alone excepted. The instructions
for conducting funerals will be found in the Book of
Constitution.

FURNITURE OF THE LODGE.

A well-regulated lodge must contain a Bible, sc^uare

Canadian J'neni.hscnn.

find citmpHssu.s, which ;u'c callod tliu Fiirnit luc. Oliver
iUiistivitx's tlijui as follows: — 'Thu liihlo is said to
(k'livc from (iod to iiiaii in L,'ciiuial, he'caiisc the Al-
inii^htv has bocn pleased to ivvual luoi'o of His will l»y
that holy book, tliaii l)y any other means. The Com-
passes, beinjj; tlieehiof instrinnent, used in the construc-
tion of architecture and plans, arc; assii^neil to the
Grand Master, in }>a!'tieular, as eiidilems of his diL,'nity,
he l)ein^' the i;'!ad and ruler or the (^r.ifi. The Square
is i^iven to tlie v.liole Masonic V)ody, because we are all
oblii^'ated within it, and are conse(iuently boiuid to act
thereon."

(lAVEL.

The conunon gavel is one of the working tools of an
E. A. It is used by <j])erative Masons iji beating <»tl"the
rouifh edges of the stone, so as to lit it better for tiie
builder's use. The shape of the gavel is that of a stone
mas(m's hanuner, that is with (me end having a cutting
edge, so as to break ort' [)rojoctions. Hence the name,
from its resemblance t() the gable of a housi'. Tt is also
in the hands of the master as an emblem of his otHce.

GENUFLEXION,

Or bending the knee, has from the most remote
times been looked upon as an act of reverence and
humility. At the consecration of the Teiii}»le. Solomon
placed himself in this position while he ))rayed, and
Masons, in certain portions (jf their ceremonies, use the
.same position, as a token of solemn reverence.

GIBLIM-GIBLUM

Were the inhabitants of the antient city of (iebal.
The "Word is Phoenician, and means "stone S(iuarer. "

GLOVES.

White gloves form part of a Freemason's costume,
and should be always worn in lodge or any public cer-
emony.

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GOTHIC C( )NSTTTUTT()N.

Tho rogul.'itioiiH for the {^overniiient of the craft,
which nro .said to liavu been achjpted at the city of York
in 1)2(5, when tlie Cirand Assembly was held under
Prince Edwin, and to which additions were afterwards
made at Annual Assemblies, have been called the
*'(ir(»thic Constitutions," because they were written in
the old (lOlhic character. Several c(»i)ies of them were
said to have existed in 1707, when Dr. Anderson di-
gested thom, and made them the base of the Book of
Constitutions.

GRAND LODGES.

The i)resent organization of Grand Lodges, is compar-
atively modern. At first every lodge was independent,
and a sufficient number of brethren meeting together^
were empowered to i)ractico all the rights of Masonry
without a warrant of Constitution. The brethren were
in the habit of meeting annually, or as many as could
conveniently do so, for the purpose of conferring upon
the general interests of the craft, and on such occasions
chose a Grand Master or chief ruler. These meetings
were called Grand Assemblies, and the privilege of
attending them was not, as now, restricted to the Grand
officers, Master and Wardens of private lodges, but was
the duty of every Mason. For instance, amongst the
old Charges, preserved by the Lodge of Antiquity in
London, is one which says, "every Master and fellow
shall come to the Assemblie, if it be within fifty miles
of him, and if he have any warning, and if he have
trespassed the craft, to abide the award of Masters and
Fellows. The oldest charter in England that we are
aware of is one quoted by Preston, and said to have
been in the possession of Nicholas Stone, a sculptoi
under the celebrated Inigo Jones, in which it is stated
that "St. Albans loved the Masons well, and cherished
them much, and he got them a charter from the king
and his counsell, for to holde a general counselle, and
give itt to name Assemblie. " As St. Albans was mar-

Canadian Free mason rv.

lift,

•rk

Id or

Irds

III

tli-
of

tviL'd in .*)()«», if this st;it,oment df TVi'stoii'a is c(»rrcH't,
this is the ohlest dute at wliicli wo can surrhi tix the
apl»e;u'anco of tho fiatcinity in England. The writer
tiiiaka there is no (h)ul»t abont the next cliarter granted
to the erift, as a l>ody, wliich was in '.)2<), and froiM this
last "Asseniblie," the real rise of IMasonry is generally
dated, as it was then and at that time the laws were
enaeted from which are derived the English Constitu-
tions, and in turn, from them have all others been
derived, and in eonse<|uenee the tliree Hi'st degre"S, and
York being the j)lace of meeting. Antient ^ as<>nry is
(irdiiiarily called the "Antient York Kite," all (»ther
degrees being comparatively m(»dern, and though fre-
(pjently clever, are mere ex'^ensions and exemplitications
of tluise degrees. For a long i)erio(l "Yurk Assend)ly"
ruled all over Eng"land, but in 15H7, in the Southern
section the Masons elected Sir Th(»mas (Jresham, a
celebrated merchmt, as their (Jrand Master, an<l in
turn he was followed by the no less celebrated architect
Inigo Jones. There were now two Grand Masters in
England who each asstnued the title, the Orand Master
(»f the north, calling himself Grand Master of All
England, and the other Grand Master of England.
But about the commencement of the 18th century
Masonry in the Southern part of England was almost
dead. The revolution which placed William III. on
the throne, and the stormy ix^litical feelings whioh
prevailed, did much to injure our very peaceful society,
which is known to abhor intestine troubles. Not only
this, but Sir Chris. Wren, wdio was Grand Master in
the reign (»f Queen Anne, was old, infirm and unable to
attend to the duties of his positicm, hence the general
assemblies of the Craft had ceased to meet There were
in 1715 still four lodges in the city of London, (the only
ones left in the South of England,) and these four lodges
decided to unite themselves under a Grand Master,
and Sir Christopher Wren having died, and no one
having been chosen in his place, they "met at the Apple
Tree Tavern, and having placed the oldest Master

Pocket Lexicon of

Mason in the chair, (he being the Master of a lodge,)
they constituted themselves a (i rand Assembly pm teirn.^
in Jue form, and at once revived the (juarterly com-
munication of the officers of lodges, \vhich they called
'the Grand Lodge,' and decided to hold the annual
Assembly and feast, and then to choose a Grand Master
from among themselves, till they should have the
honour of a noble brother at their head." Therefore,
on St. Jolin Baptists day, 1717, the usual Assembly
and feast was held, and Mr. Anthony Sayer elected
Grand Master. And from this date is the origin of
Grand Lodges as now constituted, as Grand Lodge
adopted following resolutions : ''That the privilege of
assembling as Masons, which hitherto has been unlim-
ited, sh<juld be vested in certain Lodges or Assemblies
of M.nsons, convened in certain places, and that every
lodge to be hereafter convened, except the four old
lodges at this time existing, should be legally author-
ized to act by a warrant from the Grand Master, for
the time being, granted to certain jiersons by petition,
with the consent and ap{>robation of the Grand Lodge
in communication, and that without said warrant no
lodge shall be hereafter deemed regular or constitu-
tional." The four old lodges had, however, as a com-
pliment to them, granted the privileges they always
possessed under the old regime, and it was decided that
"no law, rule or regulation, to be hereafter passed in
Grand Lodge, should ever deprive them of such priv-
ileges, (such as meeting without a warrant, and also
raising Masons t(j the third degree, a power which for
a long time was only exercised by the Grand Master,)
nor to encroach on any landmark, which was at that
time established as the standard of Masonic Govern-
ment. The two Grand Lodges of York and London,
were on friendly terms, till 1725, when the latter body
granted a warrant to some Masons who had seceded
from York. This certainly unn^asonic act was sternly
condennied by York, and was the first break in the
harmony whic^ had so long lasted, and some years later

Canadian Freemasonry.

ge,)
cm.,
om-
lled
:iu?il
,ster
the
ore,
ibly
!ted
of
(Ige

was followed by another action which can hardly be
justified, for in 1725 Earl Crawford, who was then
Grand Master of England, granted charters to two
lodges in the York jurisdiction without its consent, and
also granted deputatictns to Lancashire, Northumber-
land and Durham, l^reston says, "This the Clrand
Lodge at York resented, and ever after viewed the
])roceedings of the brethren in the south with an un-
friendly eye. All intercourse ceased, and the York
Masons from that moment considered their interests
distinct fnnn the Masons under the Grand Lodge in
London." Again in 1738 a number of brethren who
were dissatisfied with the Grand Lodge of England,
seceded, and held unauthorized meetings for the })urpose
of conferring degrees, and taking advantage of the
breach between York and London they called them-
selves "York Masons,'' and later on when Grand Lodge
threatened them, they adopted the term of "Antient
York Masons," and announced that they alone had i>re-
served the "antient and honoured customs," and that
all others are mere moderns. In 1739 they established
a new Grand Lodge called the "Grand Lodge of Antient
York Masons," and apj)ointed the usual annual c(jm-
municationa and feasts. Shortly after this they were
recognised by the Masons of Scotland and Ireland, and
many members of the nobility entered their ranks.
These separate bodies continued to exist, and to carry
their schemes into foreign countries, even North Am-
erica, until the year 1813, when under the Grand
Mastership of the Duke of Sussex, grand-uncle of the
present Grand Master of England, the Prince of Wales,
they were happily united, we trust to end forever these
vain attempts to split up a society which is older than
any other known to man. In Scotland we cannot trace
the order back quite as far as in England, but whoever
were the architects who built the Abbey of Kilwinning,
they are generally credited with having introduced the
craft. There is no doubt but that several assemblies
were held at Kilwinning with reference to the govern-

J";

Pocket Lexicon of

ment <jf the order, and in the reign of James IT., the
office <jf Grand Ma.ster was granted to 8t. Clair, Earl of
Orkney and Baron of Rosliu, his heirs and successors,
by the King's charter. However, in 17'io the then St.
Clair, "taking 'xwVt consideration that hir, holding or
claiming any such right, jurisdiction, or i)rivilege, might
be prejudicial to the craft and vacation of Masonry,"
renounced his cbiiius, and authorized the Masons to
elect their own Gnind Master. The result of course
was the organixition <»f the Grand Lodge of Scotland,
over whom it Ls hardly necessary to add, St. Clair was
at once elected Grand Master. In Ireland, not till
1729 <lo we tind any atteni])t to form a Grand Lodge,
when the Earl •»£ Kingston was elected Grand
Master. The s;inie in France : Masonry had been
allowed to ahnust die out, till about the beginning of
the 18th century, when an attempt was made by the
followers of the House of Stuart to use Masonry for
their own purpo.ses. and this caused a partial revival,
but was not fairly organized until 1743, when Grand
Lodge (^f England granted a Provincial Grand Lodge
which was con.stituted under the name of the "Grand
Loge Anglaise de France." This lasted till 1756, when
the French Masous declared themselves indej)endent,
and assumed the title of "Grand Loge de France."
At a later ]»eri(xl dissensions broke out, and continued
for many years, and were finally settled in 1842, when
the "Grand Orient of France" was organised. It is
needless to add that in every civilized country Masonic
Grand Lodges are now to be found, all more or less
directly deriving their origin from the Grand Lodge of
England.

GRAND L0D(;E POWERS.

The supreme i>ower which is vested in the Grand
Lodge, by which it is invested with the authority of
being the sole judge and exponent of the antient usages
and landmarks of the craft, is based upon the funda-
mental laws of Masonry, as well as upon good sense and

Ca?iadiiin Fr€emasony\

ex]ie(liency. For without such a governiug ])ower, so
widely extended a body as the Masonic craft, »vould
soon split up and be reduced to complete ruin. Accord-
ing to the Antient Charges, the >: aster of every Lodge
is called upon before his installati<»n, to assent to the
following j)ropositions : "You agree to hold in vener-
ation, the original rulers and puU'ons of Freemasonry,
and their regular successors, supreme and subordinate,
according to their stations ; and to submit to the awards
and resolutions of your brethren in (Jrand Lodge con-
vened, in every case consistent with the constitutions
of the order. You ])romise to \y.\\ homage to the (hand
Master for the time being, and to his othcers when duly
installed, and strictly to conform to every edict of Grand
Lodge,"

GRAND MASTER.

The highest ofhcer of the Masonic b idy, to whom is
entrusted the execution of important duties, and being
invested with extensive powers, should always be
selected as one noted for his social standing, virtue and
learning. The (irand Master has the right to visit, and
]>reside"in every lodge, and ins})ect the books and mode
of work, as often as he chooses, and should he not be
able personally to be present, may depute any of his
grand officers to act for him. Full details of the ])owers
of the Grand Master will be found in the work of Con-
stitution.

IIAH.

A Hebrew word meaning "the."

HALE, HAIL or HELE.

This purely Masonic word, pronounced "Hale" is de-
rived from the Anglo Saxon, and conveys the idea of
"to conceal, as if by drawing a curtain, so as to sepa-
rate from the outside world."

HEAL.

A Mason who has received the degrees in a clandes-

Pocket lexicon of

tine Lodge, or in an irregular manner, cannot visit a
Lodge, or be recognized as a Mason, until he has been
"Healed" by dispensation granted to some regular
Lodge, by the Grand Master for that purpose.

HIRAM KING OF TYRE.

A contemporary of King Solomen, who supplied him
with timber, stone and artizans, at the time of the
building of the Temple.

HIRAM THE BUILDER.

A celebrated architect, who was sent by the King of
Tyre to Solomon, to supeiintend the building of the
Temple. Reference to the Bible will give fuller inform-
ation about him. Hiram, the king, calls him "Hiram
abi," that is "Hiram my father," which is evidence that
he was in high favour at the Tyrian Court, for the title
of "Abi" or "Father" was conferred by the old Hebrews
as a mark of the highest dignity.

HONOURS, GRAND.

These are peculiar acts and gestures used by Masons,
to express homage, joy or grief on memorable occasions.
They are of two kinds. Private and Public — the Private
Grand Honours cannot be described here, as they can
only be used in a Master Mason's Lodge, and are well
known to Master Masons. The Public Grand Honours
are given on all public occasions, such as laying found-
ation stones, funerals, &c. They are given in the fol-
lowing manner : Both arms are crossed on the breast,
the left uj^permost, and the open palms of the hands,
sharply striking the shoulders, they are then raised
above the head, the palms striking each other, and then
made smartly to fall upon the thighs, thus making nine
concussions in all, which is commonly said to be "by
three times three."

INFORMATION LAWFUL.

One mode of recognizing a strange brother is by "Law-

Canadia?i Freemasonry

ful Information" of a third party. ISo brother should
give such information, unless he has actually proved the
brother, by the strictest trial, or has sat in Lodge with
him, and then should state in what degree the Lodge
was working, when he met him.

INITIATION.

The term applied to the reception (jf candidates m
the first degree of Freemasonry. It is derived from the
Latin word "initia," which signifies the first principles
of science.

INNOVATIONS.

Nothing offends the true Mason more than any at-
tempt to alter the antient usages of the tratt.
Owing to this conservative principle it is th.-.t Masonry,
in spite of many attempts at various times by our zealous
breth.^a, to alter, or as they thought improve it, stM
it remains now u^tchanged, as it has always been.

INSTALLATION.

The officers of a Lodge, before they can discharge the
duties of their office, must be properly installed, the
instructions for which ceremonies will be found m the
work of Constitution.

IONIC ORDER. , T^ •

The third of the Orders, more graceful than the Doric
and more majestic than the Corinthian, is considered
the type of the Column of Wisdom, and therefore it is
supposed to stand in the E.

JACHIN. ■ ^ .

The name of the right hand pillar that stood at tiie
entrance to the porch of King Solomon's Temple. This
word is derived from two Hebrew words Jah bod,
and "Jachin" "will establish." It therefore means
"God will establish."

mr,

¥ ■

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JEWELS.

Every Lodge has six Jewels, three movable and three
imniovablo. The nu vable Jewels are so called becai.se
they may be [)laced in various parts of the Lodge, and
are the rough ashlar, and the trestle board. The im-
movable Jewels are the Square, Level and Phnnb.
They are so called, as the Scjuare is appropriate to the
East, the Level to the West, and the Plumb to the
South, where they must always be found. The term
Jewel is also api)lied to the Badges worn by the Lodge
ofticers as distinctive emblems of their various position^,.

LAND MARKS.

This term is derived from the antient custom of mark-
ing the boundaries of lands with stone pillars, and Free-
mas(ms call these i)eculiar marks of distinction, whereby
they are distinguished from non- Masons, landmarks
such as the "universal language," and the "universal
laws of Masonry ;" but not so the local rules and usages,
which may and do vary in different countries and under
various Grand Lodges.

LANGUAGE, UNIVERSAL.

It is the boast of Freemasons that they possess a lan-
guage which men of all races can understand.

LAWS.

Masonry has two laws, one universal, the other local.
The first are those that have been handed down from
time immemorial and the other the local laws })assed by
Grand and private Lodges, for the government of their
own members.

LEGEND

Is a traditional tale, which though probably based on
truth, has been handed downfor longperiods, and inconse-
quence, is more or less invested with doubtful additions.
AH countries and all religions have had, and still have
their Legends, and in the antient mysteries there al-

iswmm\

Canadian Freemasonry.

ways was a Legend which was made the basis of their
symbolical instructions. In the same way the Masonic
Craft has its legends and allegorical references, many ot
which are founded on fact, and others are derived
througli Jewish sources, and are only endowed witli a
certain amount of probability, such, form stance as
''the Le^'end" of the Master's degree, which it is utter-
ly im])os1ible, at this period of time, to prove to V,e true,
but, Jit the same time, has a very probable basis. In
this work it would be proper to say no more, as every
Mason can understand.

LEVEL,

The emblem of the senior Warden, is the emblem ot
equality, which presides on the iioor of the Lodge as m
siiht of God, who is above all, men are all equal. At
the same time it should be remembered that while m
Lod?e, all are equal, prince and peasant, still, as soon
as Lodge is closed all are expected to resume their or-
dinary station in society, and each to show that respect
that is due from an inferior to one m a more exalted
position. This is the meaning of "we meet on the
level, and part on the square."

LIGHT.

Masons should ever remember that they were brought
out of darkness into light, and should so act that their
good works be seen of all men, and the great Fountain
of Light be truly glorified.

LODGE.

The room or place where a reguUrly constituted
number of Masons assemble, is so called. This term
is also applied to the body of Masons assembled for
purposes connected with the institution. A Lodge is
defined in York work as an "assembly of Masons, just,
perfect and regular, who are met together to expatiate
on the mysteries of the Order," just, because it contains
the volume of the sacred law, unfolded ; perfect, from

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its numbers, all the three degrees being represented ; and
regular, from its warrant of constitution, which implies
the sanction of the Grand Master for the country where
the Lodge is held. Under the head, Grand Lodges, I
have already explained, that formerly each Lodge was
independent as until the organization of the Grand
Lodge in London in 1717 whenever and wherever a
sufficient number of .VTasons found it convenient to meet,
they did so, conferred degrees, &c., but since the date
mentioned it has been held, the world v)ver, that ''with-
out a warrant of constitution," any meeting is irregular
and clandestine. Under the old system, the rule was,
and still is, modified as I have stated, "three rule the
Lodge, five hold the Lodge, and seven or more make it
perfect" — that is the Master and his Wardens rule.
Two Craftsmen added to the former enable the Lodge
to be held, while if you add two or more apprentices,
the Masonic circle is complete, all degrees being repre-
sented, and the Lodge is therefore perfect.

MAC.

A corruption of a Hebrew word which means "is smit-
ten," from the word "Nacha" "to smite." It is also
said to be derived from the word "Mak" or "rotten,"
and would therefore, as used, cimvey the idea "is rot-
ten."

"MAH."

A Hebrew pronoun which means " what."

MAKE.

A very old English term used by Freemasons in the
the same sense to " initiate. "

MASTER MASON.

The third degree in Antient York Masonry, and re-

' cognized the wide world over. Only from this degree

are the officers of a Lodge chosen, and under the old

regulations, " only the Master Mason could vote in

land
flies
lere

r ft

et,

fite

th-

lar

as,
Ihe

Jit

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ige

es.

Ca7tadia?i Freemasonry.

Lodge, while the F. C. was allowed to speak, but not
vote, and the E. A. P. was allowed to be present, but
neither speak nor vote, but listen and learn from the
experience ot his elders. "

MASTER OF THE LODGE

Is the chief officer of a Lodge, and is styled " The
Worshipful Master." Tiie Master' s power in his Lodye
is absolute. He is the sole decider of all (piestions of
order, so far as the meeting is concerned, nor can any
appeal be made from his decision, to the Lodge. He is
only accountable to Grand Lodge, and any complaint
against the Master must be made to that body. The
Master is like the Wardens, elected annually, and holds
office till his successor has been elected and installed.
The Master must, before his election, have served as a
Warden in some regular Lodge, except in case of a new
Lodge, "in which case it is the prerogative of Grand
Lodge in its discretion to appoint any Master Mason,
as the Master of the new Lodge." At same time before
the Master is formally installed, it is necessary that he
should take the degree of Past Master, except in cases
of Lodges under Dispensation, when the ceremony is
deferred until the Warrant of Constitution issues.

MEETINGS.

The Lodge meetings are either regular or emergent
Regular meetings are held under the bye-laws and on
fixed dates, but emergent meetings are called by order
of the Worshipful Master. It is required in all emer-
gent meetings, except those of funerals, that seven days'
notice be given, so that every brother has a fair chance
of attendance.

MIDDLE CHAMBER. ^

This chamber is described in 1st Kings vi. : 5,6,8, and
is well known to fellow Craftsmen.

MINUTES.

Every Lodge should have carefully kept minutes of

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their proceedings, in so far aa such can be written, and
before tlie Lodge is closed the Master sh<ndd direct the
Secretary to read over tlie same, so that the brethren
can see if any error or omission has occurred.

MOSAIC PAVP]MENT.

This work consists of an immense number of small
stones, beautifully tilled, and arranged so as to imitate
a painting. The floor of the t .bernacle and the pave-
ment of King Solomon's temple, are said to have been
thus made.

MOST WORSHIPFUL.

The style given to the Grand Master.

MYSTIC TIE.

Is applied to tint sacred V .tnd, which unites all Free-
masons, no matter what their religions or political creeds,
and gives one language to men of all nations.

NE VARIETUR.

" Lest it should be changed." These Latin words are
generally printed on Masonic certificates where the
brother has to affix his ordinary signature, the intention
being to aid in recognizing the true and original cause of
the certificate, in case of its loss by accident or theft.

NORTH.

In Masonry the North is the seat of darkness. In
a work of this kind it is unnecessary to attempt an ex-
planation. The intelligent Mason can fully understcind.

OBEDIENCE.

A Mason must submit to the authorities, both in the
State and Craft, as the old regulations state he nmst be
*'a peaceable subject to the civil powers, wherever he
resides," and in regard to the Craft, he ''must pay due
reverence to his Master, Wardens, and Fellows, and to
put them to worship." The same rule runs all through
the Masonic system. The Mason is obedient to the

Canadian Freemasonry

Master, the Master and the Ltulge are obedient to
Grand Lodge, and in its turn (1 rand Lodge has to Nv-ork
up to the antient usages and hind marks of the Cratt.

OPENING OF THE LODGE.

This ceremony is botli solemn and impressive, and
reminds the brethren of their duties and obhgations.
The manner of opening varies in the ditierent degrees,
and strict precautions are observed to preserve tlie in-
trusion (jf outsiders.

PASSED.

The Masonic term used to express that a candidate
has received the second degree. The reference is to
the fact that he has passed through the porch ot the
temple to the middle chamber.

PAST MASTER.

An honorary degree conferred on the worshipful
Master on his installation. V/heii a brother who has
never before been Master is to be installed a Board
of Past Masters is assembled consisting of not less
than three, when all below the rank of Past .Vhister
having retired, exoepthig the Master elect the Begird
is formally organized and the degree conferred after
which the Board, being dissolved, the Master Masons
enter and salute the new Master in the usual way. The
iewel of a Past Master is a square, with the forty-
seventh problem of Euclid, suspended withm it.

PEDESTAL.

The base of a column on which the shaft is placed.
There are supposed to be three such in every lodge
namely, the column of Wisdom m the East ; Strength
Tn the West ; and Beau^ in the South. Hence arises
the expression "advancing to the pedestal referring
to a summons from the Wor. Master, which brings the
brother up to his pedestal.

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pb:nalty.

Thu coremony of entering into a covenant among the
Autient Hebrews. It is alluded to in Jeremiah xxxiv.,
18. It was usual for the parties to a covenant to cut an
animal in two and pass ])etween the parts.

PILLARS

Have been erected by all nations, in all ages, and
many references to them may be found in the Bible.
But the most remarkable were the two erected by Sol-
omon at the entrance of the porch of the temple, and
which Joseph us thus describes : "Moreover this Hiram
made ten hollow pillar^, whose outside were of brass,
and the thickness of the brass was four lingers breadth,
and the height of the pillars was eighteen cubits, and
the circumference twelve cubits ; but there was cast
with each of their chapiters, lily work, that stood upon
the pillars, and it was elevated five cubits ; round about
which there was net interwoven with small palms made
of brass, and covered with lily work. To this also were
hung two hundred pomegranates in two rows. The
one of these pillars he sat at the entrance of the porch
on the right hand, and called it Jachin, and the other
on the left hand, and called it Boaz."

PLENTY.

The ear of corn is the Masonic symbol of plenty, and
in Hebrew * 'shibboleth" means an ear of corn,

PLUMB.

The jewel of the Junior Warden, and is an instru-
. ment used by operav've Masons to obtain perpendicular
lines ; so with us ii instructs to walk uprightly and
avoid all evil.

POINT WITHIN A CIRCLE.

This is one of the best known Masonic emblems, and
can be traced to a very remote antiquity ; but its pre-
sent beautiful illustration amongst Masons has super-

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Ithe

Iv.,

bid
le.
ol-

IKl

'1111

88,

seded the more autient and grosser idea. It is needless to
exi>laiii what every brotlier luuleratands by this ouiblem.

PRINCIPAL OFFICERS.

The Master and his two Wardens, are the princi])al
officers of a lodge.

PROCKSSIONS.

The Grand Lodge entirely controls all Masonic pro-
cessions, and no private lodge, nor individual Mason,
can appear in public wearing Masonic clothing without
special permission of the Grand Master or his authorized
representative. The only exception to this rule is in
the case of funerals, when often sufficient time could
not be had to communicate with the Grand Master.
This very proper regulati(jn was adopted so that the
reputation of the order should not sufler by the vain
ill-timed appearance of the brethren, when a few of
them might choose t<j show themselves and the orna-
ments of the order to the public. As such disjilays are
apt to bring discredit on the order ; the outside world
could not distinguish between a few unwise brethitn,
and the craft in general, therefore Grand Lodge has
properly reserved to itself the times and places, as well
as the manner in which such public processions may take
place.

PROFICIENCY.

One of the requisites for advancement to a higher
degree is that the candidate should be examined in (»pen
lodge as to his proficiency in the degrees he has already
taken. Such should also be the case for officers, but
unfortunately too seldom do the brethren see that those
whom they elect to official positions are fully qualified,
for no brother should accept office unless he feels
himself qualified to perform its duties. On the other
hand, it should be the honest ambition of every young
Mason to prepare himself to fill the highest office in the
lod^e.

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PROXY.

Every lodge is entitled to be represented in (J rand
Lodge by its Master .••.nd Wardens, but often it is not
convenient for any of them to attend, and in such case
the rule is to depute a Past Master of some other lodge,
giving him the requisite authority under the Seal of the
Lodge, and attested by the signatures of the Master
and Secretary.

RAISED.

This teim is applied to admission into the third degree
of Masonry. It alludes to the fact of the brother having
been elevated, or raised, to this degree, and also applies
to an important part of the ritual.

REFRESHMENT.

As no such thing as an adjournment is known to the
Masonic Craft, something similar is effected " by calling
from labour to refreshment," when the Junior Warden
takes charge of the lodge. This is entirely different
from closing the lodge, as when labour is resumed, the
lodge being still open, there are no opening ceremonies,
but simply the command of the Junior Warden.

REINSTATEMENT

When a brother has been suspended for non-payment
of dues, he must be at once restored to his former
position without ballot, on payment of all arrears owing
at the time <^f his suspension, and any further sum the
lodge may require, not to exceed the amount of the
lodge dues during the time he was so suspended.

REJECTION.

It is a universal rule in Freemasonry that two black
balls absolutely reject a candidate^

For admission. This is a wise rule, and tends to
preserve the harmony of the lodge. A candidate who

Canadian Freemasonry.

rejection.

RELTOTON.

The snecial belief of ineuilKa-s is not interferecl with

iiiespeci.u Lc mura reli^noii, or modo ot

bv Freemasonry, l^et .1 nun b icii„i« i«, . .1

^ , • 1 1 V u niiv he is not excluded troni tne

:;Te1''^l;n::i he bell^;c >n 'tU Glovious A.c.u.ect ,,f

oraer, pi pract ce the sacred duties ot

heaven and eaith. and ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^^.^^^^ ^^^^^ ^.^

;;:r^ En Jd^u:!:^:a^he .eans of ceujent.,^fr.en^
ship between those who otherwise must have lemained
perpetual strangers. "

Xo L.dcr'e can remove from its usual place ()f meeting
.id >i <n^=dn!n^consent of Grand Lodge. N<. is^iy
lodge permitted ?o share, or jomtiy occupy a room, vMth
any other society

RIGHT- ANGLE ^ r .,.

Ts the meeting of two lines in an angle o ninety
decree or the fSurth part of a circle. Li l-lges the
xi 'it mgle is represented by the -l-^-'.:^,^,;^^^{f^^^^ ;
zcmtal by the level, and the perpendiculai by the

plumb."

"RTPHT H VND

From the most remote ages the righthand has been

my hand unto the Lord, the most high God.
^^^\ modification of Masonry in which, while the three

4-^

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Europe 111 my m^xlifications have taken place, but chiefly
l)y adfliiiLj iiumerouii su-calleil deL^rees to the three aii-
tient and oiii^'inal ones, \vhicli are to be found in every
rite, n<» matter by what name it is called.

RITUAL.

This includes the forms of openini^ and closing lodge,
conftu'ring degrees, and j>erf<jrming the peculiar cere-
monies an<l customs of the craft. The ritual varies
somewhat in dilierent countries ; as for instance the
Canadian and Englisli rituals are the same, while in tl e
same degrees in the United States, they vary consider-
ably, th(»ugh not to such an extent as to prevent an ex-
change of visits.

ROLL.

At the funeral *>l a brother, the roll of the lodge con-
taining his name is j>rei»ared, and at a certain period of
the ceremonies, is deposited in the grave.

ROYAL ART.

Masoniy is commonly called "the Royal Art," not
only because it was reduced to its [)resent system by
King Solomon and Hiram <jf Tyre, but since that time
has enrolled among.st its members s<nne of the proudest
and most powerful [xoteiitates of the world, the Prince
of Wales being at the moment Grand Master of England,
and the late Germ-m Emperor (jlrand Abaster of that
country ; but als'» because of the majesty of the ])rinci-
ples the order inculcates, which elevates it above all
other orders.

RULE.

An im}»]ement by which straight lines are drawn. It
varies in its form. For instance the twenty-four inch
guage is one of the tools of the E. A.P., and is symboli-
cally used to guide him in the proi)er use of his time, but
it is also used for the instruction of the Master " to
teach him how to l/ty out his designs for the craft to
work by."

Canadian Freemasonry'

ST. JOHN'S MASONRY.

\ term used to denote the three antient des^^ ..-..
This is still used in Scctland, and it is to be, I thmk,
re<a-etted that the term is not continued ni Canada.

SANCTUM SANCTORUM.

The Holy of Holies, was the inner chamber of the
temple into which no one was allowed to enter but the
High Priest. An account of it will be found in the de-
scription of the Temple in the Bible.

SCYTHE.

This emblem will V)e f.nnidin all old English charts,
reminding us of the flight of time, and that sooner or
later death "will alike visit the peasant s hut and the
prince's palace.

SECRECY.

It is too often objected that Mas.mry is secret, but
this obipction is now worn out, when so many benevolent
or beneficiary societies exist, all more or less copied
from Masonry, and most of them more secret. Our tra-
ditions and esoteric work, cmiing down from a very re-
mote acre, are too sacred and too valuable to become the
topic of every vain babbler, and have been preserved as
relics of the past, as they will be, and handed down for
acres to come, " to the worthy and the worthy alone.

SECRETARY.

The officer who records the proceedings and l(»oks
after the correspondence of the Lodge.

SENSES,

The most important of which are "Seeing,'

mg,

' Hear-
ing, and "Feefi^r^? are for well known reason.^ to
Masons held in great estimation, as a man devoid ot any
one of them could hardly be capable of understanding
what is required of him, still less convey to others his
wishes.

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SHIBBOLETH.

A Hebrew word which has ':\\u meanings— in ear of
corn, and a stream of water, or rather a rapid. This
word was tlie one that Jephtha insisted upon the Ephra-
imites pronouncing when they wished to cross the fords of
the Jor(hin, ])ut they were unable to do so as the lirst
syllable is a harsh ".s-/i," which they could not make,
but substituted the softer sound of "s," as their organs
of voice, as we are told in the Bible, prevented them
sounding it correctly, or as it is recorded, they "could
not frame to pronounce it right." They were'detected
and killed on the spot. The same thing occurs now-a-
days, when a Frenchman cannot sound "th,"noran
Englishman the French " u." This word has therefore
been chosen by Masons for ages as an important word,
the which Craft understand. "

SHOE.

Under the heading " Discalceation " this has already
been referred to, as in old days, " to unloose erne's shoe
and give it to another, was one way of confirming a
contract, "

SIGNATURE.

When a Mason obtains a certificate from Grand Lodge,
he is expected to afiix his ordinary signature, on the
margin, as a means of indentifying him in the future.

SOUTH.

When the sun is at its highest point his rays are di-
rected from the South, and it is time for the labourers
to rest and refresh. When it first rises in the East it
is time to be called to labour, and when he sets in the
West the hour has arrived when toil is over for the day ;
but at noon, when he is at his highest point, then is the
hour of refreshment and temporary rest.

SPECULATIVE MASONRY.

"Freemasonry" is now so called to distinguish it

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from actual "operative Masonry," the ditierence being
this, that "speculative Masonry" is a science which
borrows from the other its tools and implements and
uses them for the best of purposes, io instruct the
brethren in the veneration of Go.l and i»urify their
minds and souls.

SQUARE.

A square is an angle of ninety degrees, and f(»rms the
fourth part of a circle. It is the special emblem of the
Master. Masons arc said "to part upon the S(iuare,"
because "havingmet on the level," theii conduct should
be such that no unkind feelings or ii;i:rie:i lly action
should interfere or be allowed to come between brothers
who have met and parted in such terms.

STAR, FIVE-POINTED,

Alludes to the "Five Points of Fellowship," to which
it is not needed to say more. It also is supposed to
refer to that "Star" which guided the "wise men of
the East " to the birthplace of the Savi(jur. Still this last,
being young, in comparison with the age of our Order,
though frequently admitted, is doubtful.

SUBSTITUTE WORD

Can be found in the present work by any properly
informed Mason. It has been mangled and distorted
by ignorant men, who have taken the sound f<jr the
real matter. Any well-informed Mason will, without
trouble, find the syllables and put them together and
get a fair meaning of the whole. Still the writer does
not think that it yet expresses the idea as given in
Hebrew, strongly enough, but it cannot be done more
clearly without trespassing on our str-ngent rules.

SUN AND MOON,

Along with the Master are repres3nted in the Lodge
by the " three lesser lights," whose presence is to teach
the Master that he should exercise the same superin-

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teiuleiice and regularity in supervision that the Sun and
Moon d»j in the governnient of day and night.

SUPPORTS.

Masonry is said to be supported by three great col-
umns, named " Wisdom," *' Strength," and " Beauty."
For the tirst temple was designed by the Wisdom of
Solomon, assisted by the Strength of Hiram of Tyre,
and ad'^rned with Beauty by the skill of Hiram, the son
of the widow of Tyre.

SUSPENSION.

In this w^ay a Mason is temporarily deprived of his
i'i'dits and })rivileges. Suspension may be definite or
xnite. Susjiension for a definite ])eriod is usually
I I' ,d as a punishment for unmasonic conduct. In-
definite suspension may be considered as the punish-
n.ent fo^^ non-payment of the dues of the Lodge, as till
the , Ait,! r comes forward of his ow^n accord and pays
up the arrears, the suspension is in force, but these
being settled, the suspension ceases.

SYMBOL.

Almost all the instruction given in Masonry is by
means of symbols, which are sensible images used to ex-
press a hidden meaning. Instruction by symbols ap-
pears to have been the custom of all the antient religions,
and specially amongst the Egyptians does it seem to
have been reduced to a science.

SYMBOLIC DEGREES.

In the York Rite, the three degrees of antient
Masonry are called Symbolic Degrees, because their
whole system is carried on by use of symbols.

THREE.

The most important and universal of the mystic
numbers which prevade the whole ritual. Thus antient
Masonry has three degrees, three principal officers, three

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•'

suj»l)(>rts, tlin'c ornaments, three greater and^ three
lesser li,<,dits, three nicvahle and three immovable jewels,
and the list might be indefinitely extended.

TYLER.

An (jificer of the Lodge, whose duty it is to keep
olf all cowans and intruders from Masonry, and to see
the candidate for admission comes properly prepared.

TRADITIONS.

The Traditions of Masonry form no small part of its
ritual, and while some of them have been in the la])se
of ages corrupted by a long series of oval ti; nsmissions,
there is no doubt they all contain a large amount of
truthful narration. Every intelligent ^ bison can, how-
ever, with a little thought, specially if he has ever read
the accounts of the antient mysteries, easily separate the
truth from the fictitious or symbolical additions, which
have been in course of years superadded.

TRANSIENT BRETHREN,

Or visitors to a lodge, when properly clothed are to
be heartily welcomed, after having in usual way "proved
themselves true and trusty."

TRAVELLING FREEMASONS.

In the history of the Craft there is no portion more
deserving of careful examination than the accounts of
the "Travelling Freemasons" wdio, during the middle
ages, traversed the whole of Europe, erecting public
buildings and religious edifices, many of which still exist,
and the ruins of others show even yet with what skill
and cunning these old ancestors of ours performed their
work. Clavel, in his Masonic History, traces these
associati(ms to the "Collegia artificum," or colleges of
artifices, which were instituted at Rome by Numa in 714
B.C., and whose members were orighially Greeks im-
ported for the purpose of embellishing the city. These
" colleges " had certain privileges granted them by the

Pocket Lexicon of

Roman Emperors, such as government hy their own
statutes, power of making contracts, and exemj)tion fi'om
taxation. Tlieir meetings were private, and tliey were
divided into three classes or degrees. They also a(b)iit-
ted into their ranks, as honorary niend)ers, persons of
hixury or rank, who were not o[)erative Masons, and
linally, they had a symboHc hmguage, drawn from tlie
implements of Mascmry, and also had secret modes of
recognition. In course of time these societies became
the repositories of the various rites brought from other
countries to Rome, and there is reason to think that
amongst <jthers the Jewish or Temple Masonry was thus
introduced. Upon the invasion of the barbarians these
societies declined very much in both numbers and power,
but on the conversion of the Empire to the Christian
faith they again began to flourish, and the priests and
dignitaries of the church became their patrons, so that
in the tenth century they were established as a free
guild in Lombardy. Thence crossing the Alps, they
passed into all the European countries, where Christian-
ity having been recently established, churches were re-
quired. They w^ere encouraged in their objects by the
Popes, and more than one "bull" was issued in their
favor. They were granted the monopoly of erecting
churches and edifices of a religious character, declared
independent of the laws of the country where they were
temporarily living, allowed to regulate their own wages,
and no mason, not a member of this order, was allowed
to compete with them for employment. It is even said
that one of these "bulls" terminates with the words
"after the example of the king of Tyre, when he sent
artisans to king Solomon, for the purpose of building the
Temple of Jerusalem." We have already noticed that
the first charter granted them in England was in A.D.
926, since which period the society can be easily traced
to the present time.

TREASURER.

The officer whose duty it is to receive all money from

Canadian Freemasonry.

eii" own
ion from
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\ became
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so that
is a free
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ney from

the hands of the Secretary, and pay it out by command
of the Master, and with consent of the lodge.

TUBAL CAIN

Was the son of Lamech. We are told in the Bible
that he was the tirst v^ho worked in iron and brass. As
he is looked upon as the first to give value to projjcrty,
Tubal Cahi, among Masons, is considered the symbol of
" worldly possessions,"

TWENTY-FOUR INCH GUAGE.

An instrument made use of by operatives for the
purpose of measuring and laying out the work ; but Free
Masons symbolize it for the purpose of utilizing their time,
and directs them " to so apportion it to its proper objects,
namely, prayer, labour, refreshment, and sleep."

VISIT, RIGHT OF.

Every Mason who is an actual member of some regu-
lar lodge, has a right to visit any other lodge as often as
he thinks proper, during the time it is open for general
business ; but this right is not absolute, for it is in the
discretion of the Master, and should he find grounds for
refusal to admit, there is no ground for masonic com-
plaint.

VOUCHING,

Or bearing witness that a brother is "true and trusty,"
must never be done, unless the party who offers this
testimony has personally satisfied himself of the stran-
ger's qualifications.

WAGES.

There are many masonic traditions as to the wages
paid the workmen engaged in building the temple, but
the most reliable appears to 1 e those referring to the
Fellow Crafts, who received theirs in the Middle Cham-
ber, and were paid in corn, wine and oil, according to
the agreement made between Hiram of Tyre and King
Solomon, as stated in 2 Chron. ii. chap., 10 verse.

Pocket Lexicon of

WARDENS.

Tho two officers next in rank to the Worshij)fiil Mas-
ter. The Senior Warden's duty is, under the Master, to
superintend the Craft during the h(Rirs of labour. The
Junior Warden presides over the Craft during tlie time
of refreshment. These two officers, along with the Wor-
shipful Master, are also the representatives of the lodge
in Grand Lodge.

WARRANT OF CONSTITUTION.

Since the first organization of Grand Lodges, as now
constituted, no assembly of Mascms is permitted to meet
for work as a lodge, except under authority of a "war-
rant of constitution," granted by some Grand Lodge.

WEST.

In early times, the wisdom of men was concentrated
in the Eastern portions of the earth, and those peoples
who had settled in the Mediterranean, west of the plains
of Shinar, returned to the East to learn the knowledge
of their fathers. The West was thus in a comparative
state of darkness, and he who wished for light had to
leave it and travel to the East.

WHITE.

Emblematic of innocence. Represented in Masonry
by the white apron and white gloves.

WIDOW'S SON,

One of the most illustrious persons in Masonic history.
So called, as he was the son of a widow of the tribe of
Naphtali.

WINDING STAIRS.

We are told in I. Kings, vi., 8 : " They went up with
winding stairs into the middle chamber."

WISDOM.

One of the three principal supports of Masonry. It
is represented by the Ionic column, and is placed in the
East.

r8hii)ful Mfis-
tlic Mjistor, to
labour. The
iring the time
with the VV or-
is of the lotlge

odges, as now
nitted U ) meet
;y of a ' ' war-
ind Lodge.

concentrated

those peoples

it of the plains

he knowledge

a comparative

light had to

d in Masonry

asonic history,
f the tribe of

' went up with

Masonry. It
; placed in the

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