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i'-

CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON.

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'^Hi,R;.r=; CAHffOLl. OF CARfl Ji \ T \v
i: i:-iBi}

THE LIFE OF

Charles Carroll

OF CARROLLTON
'737-1832

WITH HIS CORRESPONDENCE AND
PUBLIC PAPERS

KATE MASON ROWLAND

Author of " The Life of George Mason "

VOLUME n.

" BALTiMORK, August 3, 1826. •

l>est ear ly'' nheritanre ,iil? fenerations the principle,

postcnty and emended t^o .hrwro?e"Vamii'y'S?,^r'''

"CHARLES CARROLL, or Crouton.

Co/j> 0/ Dtclaration 0/ Indtptndince,
Neiu York City Library.

G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

NEW YORK & LONDON

^be 'Rnlcfterbocftcr press

1898

\/,JU

'A\-\

KATE MASON ROWLAND

TTbe ftnCcherl>«cker preja, flew Kork

-J

ILLUSTRATIONS.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton- ,737-1832

PAGH

F,o„_^a^^^ho.o^,pH 0, h. p„„.,. „ .. no,„h^::*'

" D0UGHORF.GAN Manor," Maryland
From a photograph.

Chari.es Carroll of Annapolis— i 702-1 782

"^ M"„:r.'^°'°^^^'^'' °^ "^'^ P-^-'t -t •• Doughoregan

244

363

CONTENTS.

CHAPTBR

1. — The Articles of Confkderation. 1778-
1780

II. — In the Maryland Senate. 1780-1783 .

III. — Maryland after the Peace. 1703-1787

IV, — In the United States Senate. 1787-
1790

V. — Federal and State Politics, i 790-1792
VI. — A Maryland Federalist. 1793-1799

VII, — Retirement from Public Life, 1800-
1807

VIII. — The Second War with England. 1807-
1819

IX. — The Last of the Signers, 1820-1832 .

Appendix C— Carroll Wills . . , .

Appendix D, — Genealogical Notes ,

Index , , , . .

PACE
I

34
73

108

155
197

234

272

319
373
433
449

tmm

LIFE AND CORRESPONDENCE

CHARLES CARROLL OF .ARROL.TON.

CHAPTER I.

''"E AKTicLKs OF c

ONFEDERATION.

appomted, on the .8tl. of A^ I !! """" '" ''^^"^ ^een

°f three, to consider a memo ' , T °' " ^'"""•ttee

son, who had furnished a sTn ! ''?'" •'°'^P'' Car-

for the army. Two days l" ter"^ 1 ''^'"'^'- ''^"che..

"res, received from GenemI Sm^f "7 '''"^ <="^'''s.

the hands of a commi L t ° ' """' ""' '"'»

Duer, Samuel Chase and r/?"""^ "' William

ronton. ^' ""'• Charles Carroll of Car.

They brought in ,

2 Charles Carroll of Carrolllou.

Council of the State of Maryland be requested imme-
diately to embody three hundred militia of the East-
ern Shore, under active, spirited ofificers, and order
them to march with two field pieces, and a proper
number of artillerists into Delaware, there to execute
such orders as they may receive from a committee of
Congress appointed for that purpose." And a copy
of Governor Smallwood's letter was to be transmitted
to the Governor and Council of Maryland.' Charles
Carroll's letter to Governor Johnson, of April 21st, is
in reference to this matter, an insurrection of Tories
on the " neck of land betwixt Delaware and Chesa-
peake Bay."

It was at this time, April 23d, that the hold
Washington had gained upon the affections and con-
fidence of the people was displayed in the strong-
est manner, by resolutions of Congress renewing
the extraordinary powers conferred on him in
the fall of 1777. They had expired on the loth of
April, and were now not only renewed, but greatly
extended. The Commander-in-chief was to have
authority to suspend officers who misbehaved ; fill
up vacancies under the rank of brigadier ; impress
all articles and provisions necessary for his command,
paying or giving certificates ; remove and secure all
goods and effects, for the benefit of the owners,
which may be serviceable to the enemy, within
seventy miles of the headquarters of the American
army ; order court-martials to try certain offenders,
with the punishment of death or any other that
seemed meet ; to subsist his army from the country

' Journal of Congress.

Pozoers 0/ Commander-in-C/uef. 3

threshed Wthin a If^lued ti.e et^ '"^ ^'^'•" '° "^

Carrollton, Wflliam Due InH r ?'''"' '^^'■™" °f
May 6.h, a letter irol^Z Boa/d" f" w ""^"- °"
and referred to a con^^fttee o 'hr L "''• ^'^="''

Samuel Huntingdon CarmH 7 n ' ""■'"^"n& of

Two days later, Char esCar'oM ^°^^'' ^''^™^"-
with Gouverne r Mo r s and k""'°" ' """"'"^^
s'-der other letters and n, P""<^'« Dana to con-

letter fron, Gene a WaZlto""' '° ^°"^"--- A
General Howe, respecting? ' ,""''°^''"S ""« from
was referred to a com mi tie r.'"^'= °' ""^-rs,
Richard Henry Lee and O "';'^' ^'■"'■'•" Duer
'°". o" 'he ,3t^ ; Tnd o„ tht "' me T ".°^ ^^"°"-
two other gentlemen were named "^ ^'"°" ''"^
whom was referred the me!„ , / ^m^ittee to
Neuville, inspector of the arm ' .°^ "°"^''^" ^e la
M'Kean, Carroll, and am^ / ""u''"' '^'="^"' ^^'es.
were chosen a cc^mmitie o„ th"' °' ''--y'vania,
a.letter from the Board of W ''*',"' '° ^^P"--' °"
"'cations from the Pennsviv, I ^"'''°^''"ff commu.
and Benjamin Chew Z f "''"''^ J""" P^""
find Charles Carroll of cirrolo'''""' ''""" '"'d '<>
of three to whom was refer";?. °"'°^ ""■"""«««
of the Bishops and Elders of I ;'''P''"'^"'«'°"
settled in Pennsylvan a '■ ■ n !, ^""'"'^ ^^^thren
f,„^ ^ . y an.a. On the ,5th, a letter

from General imnim wis «,^ .,— , . ici

-eur Morris, ChaHelrr:',,^! ^^^''.'^ G°"v-

Mifflin

Carroll.
' Ibid,

and Francis Dana

4 Charles Carroll of Carrolllon.

and a letter from the Board of War was referred,
three days later, to a committee of three of which
Carroll was the chairman.

There were now subordinate Boards of War es-
tablished at different points, and that of Massa-
chusetts Bay sent a letter to Congress relating to
the firm of Gardoqui & Sons, Bilboa, and it was
assigned, for consideration to Gouverneur Morris
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and Elbridge Gerry.
Samuel Chase had left Congress May nth, and on
the 30th of May, John Henry had leave of absence.
Plater and Carroll being the two delegates remain-
ing to represent Maryland. On June 3d, a letter,
from Jeremiah Wadsworth, " commissary-general of
purchases," enclosing sundry papers, was referred to a
committee of which Charles Carroll was chairman.
He was also made chairman of a committee appointed
the following day, whose duty it was " to examine the
journal and extract from thence, in order for publi-
cation, all the resolutions relative to the government
of the army, the regulations of the quarter-master's,
commissary's, and clothier's departments, and to the
pay and settlements of the accounts of the army." '

The important subject of the Articles of Confed-
eration was brought up in Congress on the 22d of
June, and the objections of the States were consid-
ered. The Maryland delegates read to Congress the
instructions they had lately received from their con-
stituents, and the objections of Maryland to the Ar-
ticles of Confederation were taken up. Two of them
were thought to be of no great import. The third

' Had.

Committee Work in Congress.

was in the form of an amendment to Article IX., and
directed that, after the words " no State shall be de-
prived of territory for the benefit of the United
States," there be inserted the words; "The United
States in Congress assembled, shall have power to
appoint commissioners, who shall be fully authorized
and empowered to ascertain and restrict the bound-
aries of such of the confederated States which claim
to extend to the river Mississippi or South Sea."
This was debated, and the vote taken the following
day.

Such a flagrant infraction of State sovereignty was
of course negatived by Congress, six States voting
solidly against the amendment, while one. New
York, was divided. An unfortunate and short-sighted
jealousy against the States possessed of unsettled
western lands was at the root of this movement,
and it is surprising to find Maryland statesmen
advocating it. After all the objections of the States
were read and considered, New Hampshire, New
York, and Virginia expressing themselves as satis-
fied with the Articles as reported, a form of ratifica-
tion was prepared, Richard Henry Lee being made
chairman of the committee named for this purpose.
The "Powers of the States to their delegates to
ratify the Articles of Confederation," ' were extended
upon the journal and Congress adjourned June 27th,
to meet again in Philadelphia July 2d. Charles
Carroll had then returned to Maryland, and Samuel
Chase, George Plater, and James Forbes were the
Maryland delegates present.

' Ibid,

Charles Cai'voll of Carrollton.

(

Charles Carroll of Carrollton and George Plater
wrote from Congress in June to Governor Johnson and
the Maryland Assembly a report of its proceedings.

Sir

8th June, 1778, York.

Your letter of the 2nd instant was put into our hands
this morning by Col. Smith, and referred to the Board of
War. We sincerely wish the state of our clothing at or
near the army may be such as to suffer that Board to give
the order in the extent you desire. Col. Smith will re-
ceive their answer tomorrow. We hope and have the
strongest reason to believe, our army will never again be
exposed to the same inconveniences and distress they
have hitherto suffered from the want of clothing. We
understand 8 or 10,000 suits are in the 50 gun ship lately
arrived in Virginia, and still larger supplies have arrived
at the eastward.

By all accounts from Camp and Philadelphia the enemy
appear to be on the eve of evacuating that city. It is
conjectured they will march through the Jersiesto South
Amboy, where it is said a number of boats are in readi-
ness to carry them over to Staten Island.

War between Prussia and Austria respecting the division
of the late Elector of Bavaria's territories, by the latest
accounts from Europe, is much to be apprehended, and
Mr. Francy informed us that war was certainly declared
between Russia and the Porte. The French Court had
detained all English vessels in their ports in conse-
quence of a refusal by the Court of London to deliver up
an American vessel captured on the coast of France by
an English privateer. We enclose you copies of letters
from Lord Howe and Sir Henry Clinton's letters to Gen-
eral Washington and to Congress, and our answer.

Letters of Carroll and Plater. 7

These may be printed if you think proper, and we beg
the favor of you to lay them before the Assembly.
We are with great respect, Your Excellency's
Most obedient humble servants

Ch. Carroll ok Carrollton.
Geo. Plater.'

Ydrk, Monday P.M. 22iul June, 177S.

Gentlemen :

The instructions of the House of Delegates of the i8th
instant we this morning received in a letter from Mr.
Chase, and laid them before Congress ; whereupon at our
earnest desire, it was resolved to take into immediate
consideration the amendments proposed by our State
to the Confederation, although Congress had previously
determined to take up the amendments offered by the
several States in the order in which the States are ranged
in tlie Confederacy, beginning first with New Hampshire,
and so on.

This evening the three amendments offered by Mary-
land were debated and eleven States out of twelve present,
rejected the amendments to the 4th and 8th articles, so
that our State only voted for them. The fate of the
most important amendment is not yet decided, the ques-
tion being put off by adjournment till tomorrow morn-
ing, when it will probably be rejected by a majority of
eight States out of twelve.

A Confederation at this critical juncture appears to
Congress of such momentous consequence that I am sat-
isfied a great majority are resolved to reject the amend-
ments from every State, not so much from an opinion that
all the amendments are improper, as from the conviction

' Maryland Historical Society.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

that if any should be adopted no Confederation will take
place, at least for some months, perhaps years ; and in
that case, many apprehend none will ever be entered into
by all of the present United States. The distractions
probable consequent on such an event, and the many
dangers and evils, which may arise from partial Confed-
eracies (which you may more easily paint to yourselves
than we can express) have determined some States to
accept the present Confederation, although founded on
principles not altogether consistent, in their opinion, with
justice and sound policy. For if any amendments should
be adopted, it will then be necessary to send the Confed-
eration back to those States whose [legislatures have
empowered their delegates to sign and ratify it in its
present form ; for instance to New Hampshire, New
York, Virginia, and North Carolina, the delegates of
which States are positively instructed to ratify the Con-
federation as it now stands, and some of them are di-
rected to admit of no alterations, even literary ones, such
as would not affect the true spirit and meaning of any
Article, but only serve to elucidate that meaning and
spirit by removing all ambiguity and doubt.

In debating our second amendment, viz. to the 8th
Article, it was admitted on all sides to be the true mean-
ing and intention of that Article, that all lands, not only
those already granted to, or surveyed for any person,
should be subjected to valuation, and considered as a part
of the whole wealth of the State in which they lie. It
was contended by several members that the meaning of
the 8th Article is clearly expressed, but confessed by
some to be dark and ambiguous, who nevertheless voted
against the amendment, for the reasons we have already
assigne- The amendment to the 4th Article was con-

Maryland Ameudment Rejected.

sidered by every State, Maryland excepted, as unimport-
ant, the Article not being liable, in the opinion of any
other State to the objection made and consequences ap-
prehended by Maryland.

23rd P. M. Our third amendment has just been re-
jected by a majority of one State ; the division was as
follows :

For Amendment

Rhode Island

Jersey

Pennsylvania

Delaware

Maryland

Against Amendment
New Hampshire
Massachusetts
Connecticut
New York divided
North Carolina absent
South Carolina
Georgia
Virginia
Inclosed you have a copy of General Washington's
letter received this morning.

We are with great respect, Gentlemen, &c.

Geo : Plater,
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

Of Maryland's opposition to the Articles of Con-
federation, one of her historians writes :

" Virginia still adhered to her claim to the western
lands, and had succeeded in securing in the Articles of
Confederation, a clause ' that no State should be de-
prived of her territory for the benefit of the United States '
and Maryland refused to give in her adherence to those
articles while that clause existed. The preceding Legis-
lature had solemnly protested against this unjust ap-
propriation of all the public lands won by the blc. J and

' Ms : Letter, Dr. Thomas A. Emmet, New York.

J^^

lo Charles Carroll of Carrollto7t.

treasure of all, and directed their delegates in Congress
to lay their ])rotcst before that body, and to offer an
amendment authorizing Congress to fix the limits of
those States claiming to the Mississippi or South Sea." '

This one-sided and erroneous statement of Vir-
ginia's position is still repeated in substance by
Maryland writers, though nothing has been more
clearly established than the two points in conten-
tion ; the validity of Virginia's title to her western
territory, through her charters, and the justice of her
claim to it as won by her " blood and treasure "
alone during the Revolution, in the expedition of
George Rogers Clark. But if Virginia's territory
did not extend to the Mississippi, then the land
could not be claimed by any of the colonies. And
as has been well said by a modern writer:

"A denial of the western titles on the ground that the
western lands belonged to the Crown, tended to subvert
the very foundation on which Congress instructed its
foreign representatives to stand whili; contending with
England, France and Spain for a wes^vvard extension to
the Mississippi. Accordingly the Maryland doctrine was
a dangerous one ; it left no standing ground on which to
contend for the western country but that of conquest
and occupancy. But Congress wisely kept wide of the
Maryland path leading to the Maryland goal, and event-
ually worked out a solution of the Western question on
the principle of compromise and concession." "^

' McSherry's " History of Maryland."

"^ Hinsdale's " Old Northwest," p. 215. See also Henry's " Life
of Patrick Henry," vol. ii. p. 75, for a full discussion of the subject.

A Dangerous Doctrine,

1 1

iquest
)f tb«
ivent-

Charles Carroll, barrister, represented the Carrolls
in the Maryland Senate at its spring session, 1778,
while Charles Carroll of Carrollton was at Valley
Forge. But at the fall session of the Assembly
which met on the 29th of October, the latter was
in his place promptly, his kinsman, the barrister,
not appearing until November 9th., which was the
first day that a quorum was present in the Senate.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton resigned his seat in
Congress at this time, and George Plater, William
Paca, William Carmichael, John Henry, James
Forbes, and Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer were
elected delegates.'

Charles Carroll of Carrollton was placed, as usual,
on the most important committees ; one of these,
appointed on the 21st, was empowered to draw up
instructions for the Maryland Congressmen, Carroll's
associates being Matthew Tilghman, Charles Carroll,
barrister, Thomas Stone, and Thomas Jennings.
Two days later he was named one of a committee
for drafting bills on the acts of Congress providing
for disabled soldiers and seamen, and relative to the
Treasury of the United States. The absorbing ques-
tion of the Articles of Confederation next occupied
the Assembly, and on the 30th of November the
Senate received the following message on the sub-
ject from the House of Delegates :

" Resolved, That in the opinion of this House it is
fundamently wrong, and contrary to all the principles of
equity on which a C.^nfederation ought to be founded,

Ibject.

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

1 2 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

that the State of Maryland or any other State in similar
circumstances, should be burthened with very heavy ex-
pense for the subduing and guarantying immense tracts
of country, when they are to have no share of the monies
arising from the sale of lands, or to be otherwise bene-
fitted thereby, and that this State ought to declare, that
they mean not on those terms, to incur, nor will be re-
sponsible for, any part of such expense.

''^ Resolved^ That in the opinion of this House we ought
to rely on the wisdom and justice of Congress, to put
such construction on the 8th Article of the Confedera-
tion, as may be consistent with the general scope and
intention thereof ; and that our Delegates in Congress
be instructed to move for an additional article assuring
every State in the Union, that all lands that have been or
shall be conquered or purchased at the common expense,
and which were not located, granted, surveyed or settled,
at the commencement of the war, or the money arising
from the sale thereof, shall be distributed agreeably to
the rule laid down in the 8th Article, for adjusting the
proportion of public expences ; which being obtained,
the State of Maryland will cordially accede to the Articles
of Confederation and Perpetual Union. But should so
equitable a claim be denied, the duty we owe to ourselves
and posterity will not permit us to ratify a scheme, which
is fraught with the ruin of us and the States in similar
circumstances." '

A committee was appointed by the Senate to
meet a committee of the House to deliberate on
the propositions respecting the Confederation, and
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, who was so familiar

Ibid.

'%\

^1'

Resolutions finally .\dopted.

with the subject as debated in Congress, was one of
the four Senators designated. The others were Mat-
thew Tilghnnan, Robert Goldsborough, and Thomas
Jennings. The " Declaration " relative to the Con-
federation, with the "Instructions" to the Dele-
gates in Congress, and the Treaty of Alliance
entered into with P'rance, were read in the Senate
on the 1 5th of December. On this same day, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton and Brice Thomas Beale Worth-
ington were appointed conferrees to meet a House
committee and prepare an account of the expendi-
tures of all public monies in the State, to be laid be-
fore the Assembly.

There was a good deal of friction between the two
branches of the Legislature at this time, on several
points ; notably on the subject of increasing ** the
diurnal allowance of members of the General As-
sembly," a measure advocated by the House of
Delegates but opposed by the Senate. The old
formal terms of respect learned under the monarchi-
cal regime^ were still in use in addressing the Repub-
lican Executive and Senate ; " Your Excellency "
for the Governor, and *' May it please your Honors,"
for the members of the Upper House. The miniature
Commons, the House of Delegates, were in turn
simply designated ** Gentlemen " by the aristocratic
Senate.

" If your Honors," say the gentlemen of the
Lower House, in response to what they deem sar-
castic and unfair treatment by the Senate, " had
been equally solicitous with us to preserve the dig-
nity of the two Houses, and to avoid unbecoming

14 Charles Carroll of CarrolltoH,

sarcasms and irritating sneers, the session would not
have been prolonged beyond that period in which tlic
public business might have been transacted." And
they put it to the frugally minded Senators : *' Do
your Honors think a gentleman can live in the city
of Annapolis for less than the proposed sum ? " [forty
shillings, about $8.00 per day). The House then
tries a little irony on the Senate, in returning a bill
which the latter would not pass without an amend-
ment obnoxious to the House :

ifl

*' If then there are any instances in which the public
Treasury will be robbed, either through the ignorance,
mistake or design of men, to whom the execution of our
laws has been committed, no doubt your Honors* known
attachment to the frugality of finance, will suggest the
propriety and necessity of receding from your proposed
amendment."

To this the Senate reply that it is their wish to
avoid altercation at all times, but they see no cause
to recede from their amendment, yet if they find on
reflection that they are mistaken, " the next session
will afford opportunity of applying proper remedy."
After naming Charles Carroll of Carrollton and
Thomas Jennings as those members of the Senate
who were to join a House committee in preparing,
during the recess of the Assembly, a bill for amend-
ing and declaring the criminal law, the Senate ad-
journed, and it was ordered that Charles Carroll of
Carrollton revise and correct their proceedings.'

' Ibid.

Chase Creates a Sensation.

•5

When the Assembly met again on tlie 9th of
March, 1779, Charles Carroll of Carrollton was pres-
ent in the Senate, Charles Carroll, barrister, taking
his seat some days later. At this session Samuel
Chase created no small scandal and disturbance, one
may imagine, by his accusation of treason against
some of the most prominent members of the Mary-
land Senate. He had made these charges publicly,
outside of the Assembly, as it was reported, and
was required to give an explanation of his conduct.
He now 'I'ed Samuel Wilson a "traitor," and
declared "1 nomas Jennings a suspicious character,
saying that he had been neutral in the present dis-
pute until very lately, and that he had taken the
oath of allegiance to two " free and independent
States," and he could not be faithful to both of
them. Charles Carroll, barrister, and Matthew Tilgh-
man were accused by Chase of having said, while in
Congress in December, 1776, that propositions of
reconciliation should be made with General Howe.

Asked if he had anything further to declare, this
virtuous patriot replied, " It might look like partial-
ity if I passed by the President." Daniel of St.
Thomas Jenifer was President of the Senate, and he
was then charged by Samuel Chase with having
written a certain imprudent letter in 1777, and with
saying, in conversation, to Dr. Craik, sometime
during the previous spring, that " it was time to
bring about a reconciliation." Jenifer denied this,
and Mr. Chase and his accusations were relegated,
for final investigation, to an early day in the succeed-
ing Assembly. An important message, probably

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

penned by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, was carried
by him from the Senate to the House, March 20th,
asking for alterations in the supplement to the
Supply Bill for 1779. The matter of the pay of
members coming up again, a message from the
House was read, March 2ist, a resolution "that
three pounds current money per day be allowed to
each member of the General Assembly during his
attendance at this session and three pounds a day
for itinerant charges." Charles Carroll of Carrollton
then gave notice that he would protest against the
resolution, which he did in the following words :

Dissentient, ist. Because this resolve sets a danger-
ous precedent for future legislators to vote the people's
money into their own pockets ; for if the former are at
liberty to increase their own wages ad libitum^ and the
desire of gain should overcome the dictates of duty and
honesty, the dread, and not the love of the people, would
alone deter men of such character from enriching them-
selves with the spoils of their constituents.

Secondly. Because this resolve plainly discovers a
disposition to reheve ourselves from the effects of a
depreciated currency, while private creditors, and the
])ublic, remain unredressed, and continue to be
stripped of their revenues and property b^^ an ex post
facto tender law, unnecessary and impolitic at its com-
mencement, injurious and oppressive in its continuance,
and alike destructive of private and public faith.

Thirdly. Because this resolve appears to be a mani-
festation of the continuance of that spirit, which there
is reason to apprehend, influenced too many to pass the
tender law, viz., the preference of private to the public

Carroll Dissents to a Resolve.

ried
oth,
the
J of
the
that
:d to
T his
I day
)llton
t the

anger-
eople's

are at
,nd the
ity and

would

them-

Dvers a
ts of a
nd the
to be
ex post
s com-
nuance,

la mani-
Ih there
)ass the
pubUc

interest. By that law individuals have acquired property
at the public cost, and the public treasury has been de-
prived of a fund, which at the conclusion of this war, if
properly managed, would have enabled the State to dis-
charge all its own incumbrances, and part of its quota of
the Continental debt, without imposing such very heavy
taxes, as now, by the abolition of that fund, are become
absolutely necessary to discharge the debt incurred by
the war, and the raaintainance of our civil and military
establishments.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'

Work v/as at this time mapped out for the joint
committee of the two Houses, who were to sit dur-
ing the recess of the Assembly, to examine the ac-
counts of the Auditor-General, Commissary of Stores,
and Commissary of the Loan Office, and to inquire
into and report upon the expenditure of the public
money advanced to certain individuals who were to
have furnished cannon, muskets, etc., to the State.
This committee was to have power to call on the
Council of Safety, and the Governor and Council,
for their proceedings, to look into the expenditure
of all the public funds, to send for such persons,
papers, or records as they deemed necessary, and
they were to be allowed a clerk and doorkeeper,
while all their expenses were defrayed by the As-
sembly. The Senate members appointed on this
committee were Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Brice
Thomas Beale Worthington, and William Hind-
man. Caustic messages then went back and forth

Ibid.

VOL. 11. — 2

1 8 Charles Cari'oll of Car'i'ollton.

between the two Houses, on the subject of the
communication of the Senate relating to the Supply
Bill, which the House of Delegates declined to an-
swer, maintaining their right to originate and frame
money bills, in which class they considered the Sup-
ply Bill to belong. The bill finally passed the Sen-
ate, Charles Carroll of Carrollton alone dissenting,
and it was carried to the House of Delegates by
Charles Carroll, barrister, with the following mes-
sage :

*' Gentlemen :

" The declining to answer our messages is a conduct
so singular, and so unbecoming a branch of legislature,
that we really should have been at a loss to conceive to
what motives it might be ascribed, had not your mes-
sage of this day, accompanied with a resolve in reply to
ours, calling for an answer, discovered to us, that a warm
and zealous attachment to the rights and privileges of
your own House had excited some fears and jealousies of
a design in ours to encroach on those rights and privi-
leges ; had we been left to guess at your motive we
might have ascribed it to a different cause. It is indeed
remarkable, that those fears and jealousies should imme-
diately vanish, when two days after we returned you the
resolve of your House for increasing our own allowances
without limitation of time, with a negative accompanied
by a message, proposing an alteration to be inserted in
another resolve, to which you most readily agreed. The
consistency and propriety of your conduct in these two
instances, we shall leave to yourselves to determine ;
suffer us only to remark as something extraordinary, that
your extreme sensibility and watchfulness for your rights

The Supply Bill Debated.

the
.ply
an-
amc
5up-
Sen-
ting,
s by
mes-

nduct

lature,

live to

r mes-

eply to

I warm

;gcs of

Lisies of
privi-

tive we

1 indeed
imme-
?ou the
[wances
ipanied
Irted in
The
[ese two
;rmine ;
iry, that
rights

in the first instance was so soon followed by great calm-
ness and ready acquiescence in the second.

"The objection mentioned in our message by Charles
Carroll of Carrollton most clearly lying against the origi-
nal law, and as we then thought against the present bill,
which in respect of the assessment of an additional
pound rate is consolidated with it, and being in our
opinion very material, we were constrained by our love
of justice, which in all acts of legislation should at all
times be preserved, to point it out to you. We did it
without the least intention of infringing the rights of
your House, and in a manner we judged most unexcep-
tionable, that you might have an opportunity, if you
thought proper, of making the alteration, and although
upon reconsideration of the bill, it appears doubtful
whether our objection does so clearly apply against that,
as against the original, yet we still think it worthy your
notice, as all laws ought to be couched in the most clear
and unequivocal terms. However, gentlemen, as you
have determined, perhaps wisely, to enter into no argu-
ment on the occasion, which in truth we had no inten-
tion or desire of leading you into, and as we have not in
any instance discovered a disposition to make the least
attempt, either directly or indirectly, tO violate the rights
and privileges of your House, we shall at present con-
tent ourselves with sending you down the bill with our
assent, which it was our intention to have done, had you
not agreed with us in sentiment on the proposed objec-
tion, and which, indeed is plainly enough implied in the
message itself." '

The Senate adjourned on the 25th of March. The
Assembly was convened again by the Governor's

1 Ibid.

»»:

■I.

1 1

!,/

20 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

proclamation July 15th, but Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton was not present. At this session Thomas
Jennings resigned his seat, probably out of indigna-
tion at the charge made against him by Samuel
Chase. The accusation against Samuel Wilson was
examined into, and no proof of '* toryism " or " trea-
son " could be discovered. Chase filed a statement
in the journal relative to Charles Carroll, barrister,
Thomas Jennings, and others, and the extra session
closed August 15th.

At the regular fall session of the Assembly both
of the Charles Carrolls were in their places in the
Senate, and Daniel Carroll was given a seat in the
new Council. Thomas Sim Lee, of the distinguished
Lee family of Virginia and Maryland, was elected
Governor. A joint committee of both Houses was
deputed to draw up an address of thanks to the re-
tiring Governor, and Matthew Tilghman and Charles
Carroll of Carrollton, with William Paca, were the
Senators named for this purpose. A committee of
both Houses was appointed on the 29th of Novem-
ber to hold a conference on the subject of the proper
measures to be used to procure supplies of flour and
forage, clothing, blankets, shoes, etc., for the troops
of the State, also to consider the recommendation
of Congress to the States, as to concerting laws " for
establishing and carrying into execution a general
limitation of prices." Matthew Tilghman, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton, and Brice Thomas Beale Worth-
ington were appointed from the Senate. The re-
port of the conference was made on the nth of
December. They did not think it was expedient at

Laws for LUniting Prices.

Car-
omas
iigna-
imuel
n was
*' trea-
ement
rrister,
session

y both
in the
in the
cfuished
elected
ises was
) the re-
Charles
/ere the
littee of
Novem-
e proper
our and
e troops
ndation
ws " for
general
Charles
Worth-
The re-
nth of
idient at

that time to regulate prices in Maryland, and they
suggested a meeting of commissioners from the sev-
eral States at Philadelphia the first Monday in Janu-
ary, 1780, to consider the subject.'

A petition of the Quakers was read about this
time, and sent to the House by Charles Carroll of
Ca. llton. On the 15th of December the Senate
voted, Charles Carroll going with the majority, to
strike out a clause in the act relating to deceased
persons :

"That every inventory and appraisement of estate of
deceased person hereafter to be made, shall be in paper
currency, at the current prices, at the time of the ap-
praisement, and the warrant to the appraisers and their
oath shall be to value the estate accordingly, and the
executor or administrator shall be answerable for the
amount of such appraisement and accountable thereof to
the creditors or legal representatives of his testator or
intestate."

A bill to prohibit, for a limited time, the exporta-
tion of wheat, flour, rye, etc., with the proviso,
" That this did not prohibit any farmer or planter of
the State from carrying his grain or other article
therein mentioned to his usual market for sale,"
brought out a tie vote, and the motion was therefore
lost. There were eight members of the Senate pres-
ent, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton was one of the
four who voted in the affirmative. Charles Carroll,
barrister, had received leave of absence some time
previous. At the second reading of the bill for

' Ibid

« *

22 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

more effectually preventing forestalling and engros-
sing, it was proposed that the fine incurred should
be changed to ** not exceeding ;^io,ooo," instead of
simply ";^ 10,000." The motion was negatived,
Charles Carroll of Carrollton being one of the three
Senators who voted in its favor.'

A message from the House expressed dissent in
warm terms from the amendment to the bill relating
to the estates of deceased persons. ** Your last amend-
ment," it said, " is wholly inadmissible, and if the
cries of the fatherless and widows cannot prevail on
your Honors to recede from that amendment, we
have no hopes that anything we can say will have
that effect." The vote was taken again in the Sen-
ate on this bill, with the same result, and Matthew
Tilghman and Charles Carroll of Carrollton were ap-
pointed to prepare a message to send to the House,
in defence of their course. This message gave as
the Senate's motive for not receding from their
amendments, that otherwise " a power would be
thereby given to the justices of the Orphans Court
or to the Chancellor, of altering the last wills of de-
ceased persons in many instances, a power as we
conceive, too extensive and dangerous to be lodged
in any man or body of men." The message con-
tinues :

" We cannot suggest the reasons which occasioned the
unanimity of your House in rejecting the amendment in
question ; they were no doubt forcible, and therefore we
;re not a little surprised that they have been withheld
from us, for an appeal on this occasion to our under-

' Ibid.

Estates of Deceased JWsoiis.

ngros-
ihould
ead of
itived,
; three

sent in
elating
amend-
if the
:vail on
2nt, we
ill have
he Sen-
latthew
vere ap-
House,
gave as
im their
lould be
s Court
s of de-
r as we
lodged
,ge con-

loned the
Iment in

Irefore we
withheld

Ir under-

■'i

Standings, had been full as proper as to our feelings, not
that we are less susceptible to pity and compassion than
yourselves, or less desirous of drying up the true source
of the tears of the fatherless and widows ; the proposed
amendments affording equal relief, and doing stricter
justice, than the clause as it stood in the bill, evince the
truth of these assertions ; the reflection, therefore,
obliquely cast upon us in your message of yesterday, of
being regardless of the cries of widows and orphans, is
not only injurious and impolite, but has a tendency to
destroy that temper and mutual respect which are so ne-
cessary to be preserved by public bodies, for the judicious
and dispassionate transaction of the public business." '"

The bill for the confiscation of British property
was the next point at issue between the two Houses.
A majority in the Senate, including Charles Carroll
of Carrollton, were for referring it to the next ses-
sion, alleging the severity of the weather, for it was
now December, and the " prospect of danger to the
Eastern Shore gentlemen of being shut out from
their homes during the winter." But the House of
Delegates, unmindful of such considerations, insist
on passing the bill. Then Matthew Tilghman and
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the Senate's tried and
chosen penmen, are deputed to prepare a message
for the House, which is carried to them by Carroll.
It is of considerable length, and contains this clever,
slightly sarcastic paragraph :

" Justice, policy and necessity, you say, influence your
conduct. It not infrequently happens that different

' Jl'iii.

aMBB

I I

■(

I \

I I

24 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

ideas of justice, policy and necessity, are entertained by
different bodies of men. We are not convinced of the
justice of the bill, less of its policy, and least of all of its
necessity. We have not had sufficient time to make
those strict and full researches into the law of nations,
which you say you have made."

After stating why they dissent, the message ends :
" The reasons we have now given in support of our
conduct on this bill, in consequence of the informa-
tion and reasoning you have offered to induce a
reconsideration, will evince the propriety of sending
it to you again in the same manner we first returned
it." The House send back a reply twice as long as
the Senate's rejoinder, in which they say : " The
length and multiplicity of matter contained in your
message of the 23rd, by Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
has required more time to consider it, than if your
Honors had confined your observations and reason-
ing to the true points in controversy." The Senate
has the last word in the correspondence, however,
in their reply to the House sent the same day, De-
cember 30th, the last day of the session :

" To your long message of this day, on the subject of
confiscation, sent us at the moment almost v/hen both
Houses expected to rise, we presume you do not look for
an answer. Decency, however, requires that we acknow-
ledge the receipt, and that it has been read. Circum-
stances do not allow us to say more than what in
justice to ourselves we are constrained to say, that we
remark some misrepresentation, and much fallacy of
argument. It was our wish at first, and nothing now re-
mains but to refer the subject to the consideration of

The Confiscation Bill.

ed by
of the

of its

make
ations,

ends :

of our

forma-

iuce a

ending

turned

long as
"The

n your

roUton,

if your
reason-
Senate

owever,
ay, De-

Ibject of
[en both
hook for
lacknow-
Icircum-
Iwhat in
that we
[Uacy of
now re-
fation of

■■?3

another session, not because your reasoning is unanswer-
able, but because the intention of both Houses to rise
this evening, will not admit of such answer as might
otherwise well be given." '

In a letter to Dr. Franklin written at this time,
Charles Carroll of CarroUton speaks of his determina-
tion to resist thi.= act for the confiscation of British
property. " Because," he says, '* I think the measure
impolitic, contrary to the present practice of civil-
ized nations, and because it may involve us in dififi-
culties about making peace, and will be productive
of a certain loss, but of uncertain profit to this State,
for as this business will be managed, it will bo made
a job of, and an opportunity given to engrossers and
speculators to realize their ill-gotten money." En-
tertaining these views of the impolicy of the Confis-
cation Bill, Charles Carroll constantly opposed it,
both at this and succeeding sessions of the Legis-
lature. A member of the Maryland Senate, writing
of the services of Thomas Stone as State Senator in
1 777-1782, says :

" There was a severe trial of skill between the Senate
and the House of Delegates, on the subject of confiscating
British property. The Senate for several sessions unani-
mously rejected bills passed by the House of Delegates
for the purpose ; many, very long and tart were the mes-
sages from one to the other body on this subject, the
whole of which were, on the part of the Senate, the work
of Mr. Stone and his close friend and equal in all re-
spects, the venerable Charles Carroll of CarroUton." ''

> IbiJ.

^ Schart's " History of Maryland," vol. ii., p. 23G, Note,

il!
It '

26 Charles Carroll of Carrolltou,

It was not until the spring session of 1780, however,
tliat Thomas Stone appears as associated with
Charles Carroll in this matter.

To Dr. Franklin, also, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
gives his reasons for leaving the Continental Con-
gress. His retirement was regarded as a serious loss
to the government, and was deplored by many of
his friends. But to a number of Americans, at this
time, a seat in the State Assemblies seemed more
honorable and useful, than one in the Congress of
the United States. Washingto'i had observed this
with grief and dismay, in connection with some of
the eminent Virginians and others. J. Clement
wrote to Richard Henry Lee, October 3d, 1779:
" I am sorry to hear that the first great Actors
in the great business in hand, have left their seats
in Congress. It is a bad sign for the common cause.
By a letter from Mr. Carroll, he too, I find, has re-
tired. He has written to me a very sensible letter
on the subject of the pamphlet entitled * The Mode
and Terms of an Accommodation, etc' His ideas
in general concur with mine."'

The following is the letter to Dr. Franklin, in
which Charles Carroll of Carrollton gives an account
of the work doing in the Maryland Assembly, with
other news of public interest.

Annapolis, December 5th, 1779.
Dear Sir :

The bearer, Mr. Thomas Ridout, brother of Mr. John
Ridout of this city, with whom I believe you are ac-
quainted, has solicited me to introduce him to you. As

' Lee Papers, Harvard College Library.

'■4

■I

1 1 1

Letter to Dr, Franklin,

I know him to be a young gentleman of modesty, worth
and good sense, 1 have taken that Hberty. Any civilities
it may be in your power to show him, I shall esteem as
conferred on myself. He proposes to go to England
from France, and talks of returning again to this country
on a peace. He is not in the least acquainted with the
following contents of this letter.

Your obliging favor of the 2d of last June by the
Chevalier de la Luzerne (the only letter of all those
which you mention to have written that is come to hand)
1 received some time last August. I have not yet had
tliC pleasure of seeing the new Minister, having resigned
my seat in Congress this twelve month past. The situa-
tion of my domestic concerns, and the little use I was of
in that Assembly, induced me to leave it altogether.
The great deal of important time which was idly wasted
in frivolous debates, disgusted me so much that I thought
I might spend mine much better than by remaining a
silent hearer of such speeches as neither edified, enter-
tained, or instructed me. Whether I shall be so fortunate
as to entertain you while reading this letter, I know not ;
instruct, I am sure, I cannot. However, as the subject
on which I am going to write is interesting and important,
perhaps the sentiments of an individual who has had
some small share in our public councils, may not be
altogether unacceptable.

A Minister, I presume, is used to complaints and accu-
sations ; but I am not going either to accuse or complain
of any person, but to describe things as they are, or at
least, as they appear to me. The state of our public
credit first claims the attention of all good Americans.
The depreciation of our bills of credit is such that they
scarcely answer the purposes of money. The Congress
has stopped the press ; this in my opinion should have

,11

I'll :ili

:i V 1

(

lii

Charles Carrol! of Carrolltofi.

been done much sooner, or not done at the time it was
done. They have recommended heavy taxation, and
have called on 12 States (Georgia is out of the (juestion)
for 15 millions of dollars monthly ; our i)roi)ortion
therefore, is 1,580,000. Our Assembly which is now sit-
ting will, I believe assess 9 millions of dollars to be
raised in g months ; the residue is proposed to be raised
from the sale of British property, for the confiscation of
which a bill will be brought in this session. Whether it
will pass or not, I can't say ; it shall not with my vote,
because I think the measure impolitic, contrary to the
present practice of civilized nations, and because it may
involve us in difficulties about making i)eace, and will
be productive of a certain loss, but of uncertain profit
to this State, for as this business will be managed, it will
be made a job of, and an opportunity given to engrossers
and speculators to realize their ill-gotten money. The
following particulars will give you some idea of the
depreciation of our currency. Gold sells, or lately sold
in Philadelphia at 40 for one. A gentleman of this
place and my acquaintance told me he had refused
;^5ooo for a bill of exchange of ;^ioo sterling at 30 days
sight on London, and would not part with his bill for
less than ;^56oo. Congress has advised our Assembly
that they propose dravring bills of Exchange at six
months sight on Messrs, Jiy at Madrid, and Laurens,
who is going to Hollr.iirl, to the amount of ;^2oo,ooo
sterling ; that is for ;^*ioo,ooo sterling on each of those
gentlemen. At what exchange these bills will be dis-
posed of I can't pretend to ascertain ; I have heard 25
for one mentioned, but surely a better exchange will be
obtained, or else the public will soon be ruined by a few
such strokes of finance.
Wheat sells at ;^20 per bushel and the rise of the mar-

Depreciation of the Currency,

ne it was
tion, and
(luestion)
roportion
s now sit-
xrs to be
be raised
scation of
Hiethcr it
I my vote,
iry to the
ise it may
, and will
tain profit
^ed, it will
engrossers
ney. The
ea of the
lately sold
n of this
Id refused
[at 30 days
is bill for
Assembly
je at six
Laurens,
'200,000
of those
11 be dis-
heard 25
je will be
by a few

the mar-

ket ; Hyson tea at ^100 per pound, Indian corn at £,0^0
ni;r barrel, and Tobacco at ;^4o odd pounds per C^t. ;
us to Europeaii merchandise, it is impossible to ascertain
its value or price ; indeed everything is rising, so that
wheat sells to-day at ;^2o for instance, may sell ten days
hence for ^40. To check this evil, Congress has recom-
mended to the several States a general regulation of
prices on all articles, domestic and foreign, save warlike
stores and salt. The regulation, according to the recom-
mendation, is to take effect the first of next February,
and the standard fixed by Congress is twenty prices on
all prices in 1774. If wheat, for instance, in that year
sold for 7/6 per bushel, it may be sold on the ist of next
February for £1, 10, o.

Whether the several Legislatures will adept this regu-
lation I know not ; ours, I believe will, conditionally,
that is if other States should. My own opinion is, that
it will be extremely difficult to carry such a regulation
into practice, and if it should be attempted, I fear, will
be productive of more evil than good. Every regulation
of price is an acknowledgment that the price allowed is
not equal to the value of the commodity on which it is
fixed, and consequently destructive of that freedom in
dealing which is the life and soul of trade ; besides the
regulation if adopted as recommended by Congress, will
be retrospective, and of course ruinous to a great num-
ber of people who have purchased country produce or
merchandise at the present prices, either to sell again or
for their own consumption. What you have read may
properly be called a Chapter of Lamentations ; now for
a little comfort.

We have a good, though not a numerous army, about
20,000 fine hardy fellows, as tough as the knots of an old
seasoned oak, well disciplined, well-armed, and pretty

I i

\ !

I 1

t <

'it

I >

t'ii

30 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

well clothed, commanded by a man whom they rever-
ence and love. This army is strong enough to repress
the enemy's inroads, but not to force them in their strong-
hold, New York ; it might be easily reinforced in the
spring, if we had good money, but wanting that sinew of
war, we may be compared to a vigorous young man,
bound hands and feet, struggling in vain to get loose.
I flattered myself some months ago that ten or twelve
ships of the line from France, with ten thousand land
forces, would have joined this fall Count d' Estaing's
fleet off New York, Had such an expedition taken
place there is the greater reason to believe the enemy's
army must have surrendered prisoners of war ; such an
event must have put an end to it, and have produced
peace of which we stand so much in need. If this win-
ter should not bring about that desirable event, cannot
such an expedition be taken early next summer ? Eng-
land may be amused, and Ireland threatened with an
invasion early in the spring, and under that feint 15
ships of the line with a suitable number of frigates and
transports, carrying between ten and twelve thousand
Troops may sail the latter end of February or the begin-
ning of March from Brest or Ferol. When these troops
in conjunction with ours have reduced the British forces
at New York, they may proceed to the West Indies and
take the remaining British Islands. No plan of opera-
tions promises fairer success ; the invasion of England
or Ireland would be attended with incomparable greater
difficulties and peril. If an impression should be made
on either of those Islands the rest of Europe may take
the alarm ; but I should apprehend the independence of
these States cannot give umbrage or offence to any other
European Power besides England. If such an expedi-
tion as I propose should be thought of seriously, it will

Naval Expedition Suggested.

ey rever-
o repress
:ir strong-
ed in the
t sinew of
ung man,
get loose,
or twelve
sand land
' Estaing's
ion taken
,e enemy's
r ; such an
produced
f this win-
ent, cannot
ler ? Eng-
jd with an
it feint 15
rigates and
thousand
the begin-
lese troops
itish forces
Indies and
of opera-
)f England
ble greater
Id be made
may take
pndence of
any other
an expedi-
sly, it will

■<H

be necessary to despatch a frigate very early in Febru-
ary, or sooner, to notify General Washing';':n thereof in
time, that he might be fully prepared to act immediately
with the fleet on its arrival before New York ; the
French and Spanish squadrons in the West Indies should
be ordered to meet the fleet from P^urope off New York.

I hope, my dear Sir, you will excuse the freedom I
have taken in mentioning what, in my opinion, will be
the most likely method of bringing this war to a speedy
issue ; be persuaded peace is of the utmost importance
to us.

I am, with the greatest regard and respect, Dear Sir,
Your most obedient, humble servant,

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.

P. S. — The crops of wheat have been very short, and
much of the wheat destroyed by the fly ; a good deal has
been exported in flour to the French Islands. It would
therefore be proper and prudent for the fleet to bring
flour enough to feed the land and sea forces till next har-
vest comes in. \ battering train of brass ordnance with
all its apparatus, and six thousand stand of small arms to
arm our militia will also be necessary ; the arms will be
returned to the French ("eneral when the expedition is
over.'

From his old fr'end Edmund Jennings, with v horn
he still kept up c correspondence, Charles Carroll
received an interesting letter in Septembci, 1780,
introducing Arthur Lee of Virginia, on the latter's
return from Europe :

My Dear Sir :

I have received your very kind favor cf the iist Sep-
tember conveyed to me by Ui? c-.re of my friend Mr.
' Sparks iMSS:, Harvurd Co'iegi l,il,niry.

— ' '^-^^ '-"-nrj^ jia^ijgi

■^IpwwWWiPffWiHWi

1 ''

!■■

f '

: i

Ml ( '

32 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Ridley, but that which you inform me you wrote three
weeks before, has not come to hand. I am much obliged
to you for the attention you paid to those Books I took
the liberty of sending to you ; but my dear friend, let
me beg you to read them over again, and I trust you will
then feel the necessity of banishing as far as possible
those banes of public and private virtue Avarice and
Ambition. This is the object of all that the Abb^ Mably
has said. He is too wise a man to think it possible, or
even to wish to introduce the particular Institutions of
antient States, as applicable or receivable, in the system^
of the present world. But although he would not ado^ (
the Latter, he is desirous of introducing the principles
of Legislators who succeeded in their plans, as far as
the wisdom of men could succeed in their's or at any
other time. Tell me not, my dear friend, that if his only
object was to show the mischief of Avarice and Ambi-
tion, that he has taken up a great deal of time to prove
what everybody has been long convinced of. I wish
they were so, but I have Books most plausibly written,
and general Education I know, serves to recommend the
one and justify the other. They teach men, and the in-
struction has been but too well attended to, to pursue
the petty Passions cost what it may to the public happi-
ness, and to heap up riches, the luxurious expenditure of
which necessarily corrupts public virtue. If I should
trace the present unjust system of Great Britain, I should
prove that these vile passions are at the bottom of it, and
perhaps should you reflect, and I know you do it with
much concern, on the present temper of our Country,
you would see the disorders that have arisen, greatly
owing to their predominancy.

I could write a volume, and perhaps shall on some
future opportunity trouble you at least with a long letter,

y?i>

Letter of Edmund Jennings.

rote three
ch obliged
oks I took
friend, let
St you will
as possible
varice and
.bb6 Mably
possible, or
ititutions of
the systeir.^
d not ado^ t
3 principles
IS, as far as
's or at any
t if his only
and Ambi-
me to prove
of. I wish
bly written,
jmmend the
and the in-
3, to pursue
ublic happi-
penditure of
If I should
in, I should
im of it, and
do it with
lur Country,
sen, greatly

to explain fully my ideas on this matter. But I must
now pursue what I had in view in addressing myself to
you at this time. It was, Sir, to recommend to your
particular confidence and friendship, the Honble Arthur
Lee Esq., the Gentleman who will present this to you, of
whose knowledge of the Affairs and attachment to the
interests of our Country, you are well convinced. I
know not anyone who can give you better information
of the state of Europe at this juncture, and who will do
it with more sincerity, for no one can wish, nor has en-
deavored more to promote the public happiness and
liberty. I should have ventured to have entered into the
detail myself, if I were not well assured he is able and
willing to give you the utmost insight into things on this
side the water, for he has had the best opportunities of
knowing, and has the best abilities to judge of public
transactions. I am convinced you will attend to him
for his and for your own sake, and what is more, I will
venture to say to you, as I could to him, for the sake of
our Country.

I am, dear Sir, most faithfully etc.,

[Edmund Jennings].

.Sep irber 28th, 1780.'

' Lee Papers, Harvard College Library.

VOL. II— 3

ill on some
long letter,

'»..

*-.«*»

.ill]l Mmtm^fl/m^

t^,ji;.^a. iJLiJ

CHAPTER II.

1780-1783.

IN THE MARYLAND SENATE.

^«!

THE second session of the Maryland Assembly
for 1779-80, met on the 28th of March, 1780,
and Charles Carroll of CarroUton was promptly in
his seat. On the 31st the ballot was taken for the
vacancies to be filled in the delegation to Congress,
and the House and the Senate differed on a question
of eligibility. The House maintained that those
gentlemen who had been balloted out at the last
session of the Assembly, could not be put in nomina-
tion again, as had been done by the Senate, and
upon apprising the latter body of their vote on the
subject, the Upper House responded in curt and
dignified language : " Gentlemen, the Resolves or
votes of your House cannot be admitted as any rule
for the proceeding in this. We are of opinion that
the gentlemen proposed by us are eligible to Con-
gress by our Constitution."

A few days later Charles Carroll was placed on a
committee, with Thomas Stone and three others, to
report on the resolve of Congress recommending to

Bill Drafted by Carroll.

Assembly
[arch, 1780,
promptly in
iken for the

0 Congress,

1 a question
that those
at the last
in nomina-
enate, and

[vote on the

n curt and
esolves or
as any rule
pinion that

lible to Con-
placed on a

|e others, to
mending to

the several States to revise their laws " making Con-
tinental notes a legal tender in discharge of debts
and contracts, and to amend the same in such manner
as they shall judge most conducive to justice in the
present state of paper currency." ' The bill for re-
cruiting the quota of Maryland's troops in the Conti-
nental army was sent to the House of Delegates by
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and was probably drawn
up by him. The House returned a conciliatory
message to the Senate, April 6th, in respect to their
difference of opinion on the subject of the candidates
to Congress, and a conference was agreed upon.
The Senate conferrees appointed were Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton, Thomas Stone and Brice Thomas
Beale Worthington, and the result of their discussion
with the conferrees of the House was a tribute to
their powers of persuasion, as the House now adopted
the Senate's view.

On the vexed question of the Confiscation Bill,
however, there was, as yet, no prospect of agreement.
The House of Delegates sent a message to the Sen-
ate, April 1 2th, in regard to the requisitions of Con-
gress, saying they had been considered, and the
Delegates had " determined to exert their utmost
endeavours to furnish supplies of provisions in
kind," and " to adopt and carry into execution as
far as possible, the advice and plan of Congress rela-
tive to their bills of credit." These two subjects the
House considered, involved the greater part of the
material business of the session. But, they urged,
"our affairs are brought to an alarming crisis," and
■ Journal of the Maryland Senate.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

they insisted that in order to establish funds to
afford redemption of the new bills of credit, they
must appropriate to the State the property of the
Tories : ** With the application of British property,"
the message continues, " we are of opinion, this State
can comply, in substance, with the two requisitio*^'3
of Congress, and without the aid of that property we
really fear it will be impracticable, if not impossible.
The important and necessary business of the session
therefore waits your honours decision on the bill for

conf.: ...

-tion.

»» I

Charles Carroll carried the reply of the Senate to
the '''">ue. , Lulling the latter that the thinness of
their numbers had induced them to postpone the
consideration of the bill, and suggesting that it be
made the order of the day for Friday, the 14th.
When it was taken up at the date specified, the
President of the Senate, Daniel of St. Thomas
Jenifer as having held the ofifice of agent to the
Proprietary wished to be excused from voting, but
his request was denied. So also Robert Goldsbor-
ough who owned considerable property in England,
asked the same privilege, but it was refused him.
The opponents of the bill succeeded in preventing
its passage, and it was returned to the House the
following day. Robert Goldsborough, Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton and Thomas Stone were appointed
a committee at this time, to prepare a bill entitled
** An Act for the security of this State and the sub-
jects thereof, and for other purposes."

A long message was received from the House,

' Ibid.

The Two Houses Disagree.

1 funds to
edit, they
irty of the
property,"
, this State
equisitio'^'i
roperty we
impossible,
the session
the bill for

2 Senate to
thinness of
Dstpone the
[ that it be
', the 14th.
ecified, the
t. Thomas
ent to the
voting, but

Goldsbor-
n England,
fused him.
preventing
House the
harles Car-
appointed
ill entitled
Ind the sub-

Ihe House,

♦

i
I

'}•

May 5th, on the subject of the Confiscation Bill, de-
claring that its rejection by the Senate involved
them in very great difficulties. The bill for bring-
ing into the treasury the sum of twenty million, five
hundred and forty thousand dollars, and sinking the
same, was sent to the Senate, read by them, and re-
turned to the House, with a message obje:ting to
two clauses, as unconstitutionally connected with
the bill. That same day, May 6th, the bill came
back to the Senate, with some caustic words from
the affronted gentlemen with whom it had originated,
to the effect that their " honours " message, in the
House's opinion was " irregular." It was " contrary
to the practise of either House to return a bill on
the first reading," they stated, " and repugnant to the
twenty-second Article of our form of government,
which declares that the Senate can only give their as-
sent or dissent to money bills." They furthermore
considered the two clauses objected to as " pertinent
and necessarily connected " with the bill. The follow-
ing day the bill in dispute was carried again to the
House, the Senate declaring that the eleventh article
of the Constitution was rendered nugatory if these
clauses were attached to it. They say :

" If the bill was nothing more than a money bill, we
should be obliged to assent or dissent to the whole by
the 22nd Article, and could not propose amendments ;
but certainly when matters are grafted on such a bill
which can stand independent of it, we have a right to
desire that such matters may be separated, and that
without giving the bill a negative." '

' Ibid.

Charles Carroll of Currollton.

\\-

' I;

The House still determined to carry their point,
sent back the bill the next morning, and two days
later, on the loth, the Senate " unanimously re-
jected " it, returning it with a long message setting
forth the reasons for their action. A conference
was then proposed, the Senate appointing for this
purpose Charles Carroll of CarroUton, Matthew
Tilghman, Thomas Stone and Brice T. B. Worth-
ington. The joint committee met on the 12th, and
conferred on the matters involved, the tender law
and the project of making new Continental bills
legal tender, reporting the propositions agreed upon.
Five pages of the Senate's printed journal is filled
up with their message to the House on the Confis-
cation Bill, the composition, as were all the Senate's
messages on this point, of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton and Thomas Stone. And a bill from the House
for sinking Maryland's quota of the bills of credit
emitted by Congrer.s, was unanimously rejected by
the Senate, and returned with a long message,
probably written by Charles Carroll. The Senate
bill, " Act to prevent suits being brought or con-
tinued by any person or persons residing in the
British dominions," was in its turn rejected by the
House. They replied at the same time to the Sen-
ate's "long message of the 14th," and expressed
themselves " deeply affected " by the Senate's nega-
tive to their bill for sinking the quota of the State.
" We return with anxiety to our homes," they add.
The Senate rejoined with a farewell message, and
thus at odds, the two branches of the Assembly
adjourned, to meet again early in June.'

Joijit Conw lit tees Confer.

leir point,
two days
nously re-
gc setting
:onference
g for this
Matthew
B. Worth-
I2th, and
ender law
ental bills
reed upon,
al is filled
the Confis-
le Senate's
of CarroU-
the House
5 of credit
jected by
message,
he Senate
ht or con-
in the
ed by the
the Sen-
expressed
te's nega-
the State,
add.
and

Ithey
Isage,

Lssembly

At the extra session in June, resolutions were
passed by the Assembly asking of Congress arms
for the State, four brass pieces, also a Continental
frigate to be stationed where it could protect the
trade of Maryland and Virginia through the capes
of Chesapeake Bay. An act was passed also, au-
tliorizing the commissioners who were to obtain a
supply of flour and other provisions for the army,
to hire or impress vessels or carriages for these pur-
poses. Letters from the Commander-in-Chief and
committee of co-operation were transmitted by the
Governor to the Assembly, and a conference took
place between the two Houses on the subject of
tlicse communications. The conferrees appointed by
the Senate were Matthew Tilghman, Charles Carroll
of CarroUton, Thomas Stone, Brice T. B. Worthing-
ton and William Hemsley.

An act was passed on the 20th, for the speedy
enrolment of the militia ; and a memorial was read
the next day from the merchants of Baltimore, pray-
ing that no duties should be laid on articles of trade.
On the 26th, the " Act for sinking the quota re-
quired by Congress of this State of the bills of credit
emitted by Congress," was passed, eight Senators
voting in the affirmative and but one in the nega-
tive, nine being the v/hole number present. This
single negative vote was given by Charles Carroll of
CarroUton, the only Senator who remained firm to
the convictions expressed by the majority at the
previous session. Charles Carroll of CarroUton
brought in, July ist, an act laying a general embargo,
prohibiting for a limited period, the exportation of
wheat, flour and other articles.

1 '

Si'.

.«

iii

•s;

til

n)\

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

The House of Delegates at this time sent up a
bill for recruiting the State battalions, to which the
Senate added a page and more of amendments.
And it was proposed in a message from the House
that an adjournment should take place the next
day, July 3d, as " the approach of harvest " made it
necessary they should return to their homes. A
compromise was finally reached on the recruiting
bill, July 4th. On the following day, Charles Car-
roll carried a message from the Senate to the House,
giving it as their opinion that an address by the
Assembly " to our fellow citizens will in the present
state of affairs have a good effect." And the bill
was passed for raising an additional battalion of
regulars. The patriotic address to the inhabitants
of Maryland was prepared in the Senate by Charles
Carroll and others, and sent to the House by Mr.
Worthington. It was resolved that fifty copies be
printed for each county and forwarded " to the re-
spective lieutenants," and that it be published for
two successive weeks in the Annapolis and Balti-
more gazettes.' With the proclamation of this
manifesto the Assembly adjourned. The " Address
to the People of Maryland " closed with these elo-
quent and stirring words :

" The prize we are contending for is inestimable ; the
blood of those heroes which has been shed in this just and
glorious cause, the inviolable ties of plighted faith, the
necessity of conquering, gratitude to our illustrious Gen-
eral, and to the brave men under his command, all con-
spiring, call aloud for our redoubled efforts ....

' Ibid.

Patriotic Address Issued,

t up a

ich the

Iments.

House

e next

Tiade it

nes. A

■

cruiting

''S'

les Car-

House,

by the

' present

the bill

J^s

alien of

labitants

f Charles

-tt

e by Mr.

:opies be

0 the re-

ished for

nd Balti-

of this

' Address

hese elo-

able ; the

IS just and

faith, the

ious Gen-

i, all con-

The fall of Charleston, and the distress of our brave friends
in that quarter, have infused fresh vigour into the coun-
cils of America ; let us, like the Romans of old, draw new
resources and an increase of courage even from defeats,
and manifest to the world, that we are then most to be
dreaded when most depressed." '

When the day came for the meeting of the new
Assembly, October 17, 1780, the only members of
the Senate present were the two friends Charles
Carroll of Carrollton and Thomas Stone. By No-
vember 2d eight Senators had collected, making
a quorum, and the session opened. Since the meet-
ing of the Assembly in June the alliance with France
had been consummated, and the Maryland legislators
showed their appreciation of the brighter aspect of
public affairs, by their resolve that the Governor
be asked to appoint a day of thanksgiving and prayer.
Thomas Sim Lee was elected Governor of Mary-
land a second time, and Matthew Tilghman and
Charles Carroll of Carrollton were appointed by the
Senate a committee to request the attendance of the
House to see the Governor qualified. Charles Carroll
had leave of absence granted him on the 15th, and
he seems to have been away from the Assembly for
twelve days, his name first appearing again in t!.e
Senate journal, November 27th. In the incan-
time, on the 17th, the election of members of Con-
gress had taken place and Charles Carroll had been
one of the delegates appointed.

A committee was named on the 29th of Novem-
ber, to prepare, in conjunction with a House com-

' Maryland y^otirMa/ and Baltimore Advertiser, July 11, 1780.

■ 'I

.'«6t'ifeai^«w JikiaiiiiiVKimtMftaiMt^^

1
1!

li 1
1 1

1 .' '

't-

■ I

ii>

.'II

Charles Carroll of Carrolllo7i,

mittee, a draft of instructions to the Maryland
delegates in Congress on the subject of Confederation.
The three Senators chosen were Matthew Tilgliniar
Charles Carroll of CarroUton, and Thomas Stone
The Confiscation Act came up again December 5th,
but the motion to give the bill a second reading at
that time was quickly negatived, only two members
voting for it. A petition from the trustees of the poor
in Frederick County, on the subject of the prisoners
quartered there, was referred to a joint committee
of both Houses, the conferrees from the Senate being
the same three members named above, with one
other in addition. They reported that Frederick
Town in PVederick County was the only place ir
the State where the convention troops could 1
accommodated, and they proposed that applicatiow
be made to Virginia to supply fresh provisions for
them.

An important joint committee, of which the Sen-
ate members were Matthew Tilghman, Charles Car-
roll of CarroUton, and Thomas Stone, was appointed
about this time, to write a letter to the Assemblies
of Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Virginia, to secure
concerted action on the two subjects of the embargo
on provisions and the " calling in the Continental
and State emissions." ' On the 20th of December,
the Senate sent to the House a message on the
subject of the Confiscation Act, saying that the
consideration of it had been interrupted by other
important business, and they were now anxious to
settle the matter, and therefore proposed a joint con-

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

f;l vitj

Stock in the Bank of England,

the Sen-
rlcs Car-
jpointed
semblies
o secure
mbargo
tinental
cember,
on the
Ithat the
y other
xious to
oint con-

ference, nominating as the Senate conferrecs, Mat-
thew Tilghman, Cliarles Carroll of Carrollton, lirice
T. V>. Worthington, and John Henry. Thomas John-
son and Samuel Chase were among the seven con-
ferrees selected by the House of Delegates.

Christmas Day, which fell on Monday in 1780,
the Senate met, but nothing was done. Charles
Carroll had leave of absence for the week, and most
of the members were apparently observing the
holidays, for it was not until Saturday, the 30th, that
any business was transacted. A letter from Benja-
min Franklin had been communic.itod by the Gov-
ernor, enclosing the protest on the bills drawn by
the State on the liank of England, with the opinion
of counsel on the subject. Maryland had, some
years before the Revolution, invested twenty-seven
thousand pounds in stock of the Bank of England,
and it was the action of the trustees of the bank
in uniformly protesting the bills of credit drawn
upon it by the Maryland Legislature, for the
dividends accruing since the commencement of
hostilities, that was one of the reasons urged for
the confiscation of British property in Maryland.

No doubt this stand taken by the Bank of Eng-
land had its efTect at this time in weakening Charles
Carroll's opposition to the Confiscation Act. He
sent in a letter to the Senate on the 3d of January,
resigning the seat in Congress to which he had been
newly elected. While doubtless appreciating the
compliment, Charles Carroll had fully decided not
to return to Congress. Acts were passed by the
Senate for emitting bills of credit, to raise supplies

! I

'1
I

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

!' f

r.l-

i^l.

ff (•

!«

I ,

J:' I

for the year, and for the defence of the Bay. The
bill prohibiting the export of grain continued the
embargo until the foU- ving August. The " Act
to empower the deleg: es of Maryland in Congress
to subscribe and rc.ity the Articles of Confedera-
tion," was read on the 28th of January and put to
the vote, but was defeated. Among those who
voted for it were Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
John Henry, and Thomas Stone.

On the following day, the Confiscation Act passed
to its second reading, and a vote was taken, and
decided in the affirmative, on the clause that debts
due to Osgood Hanbury and Sylvanus Grove, to
the amount of two-thirds of the bank stock belong-
ing to Maryland, be taken and confiscated, and
applied to satisfy debts due from them, and debts
due from James Russell. The single vote against
the measure was that of Col. Richard Barnes of
" Tudor Hall," St. Mary's County. A message was
received from the House expressing their " earnest
desire " that Maryland " should confederate," and
objecting that the Senate had given no reasons for
declining to pass the act empowering the State to
ratify the Articles of Confederation. The Senate
reconsidered this bill and passed it on the 30th, and
it was carried to the House by Charles Carroll of
Carrollton with a message referring to the reasons
which had influenced the State in delaying the
ratification for so long a period. The motive ap-
pears in the following paragraph : " It has been
generally supposed, and in our opinion upon good
grounds, that the claim of this Stato [?] to a pro-

t!'

<■' I

The Confiscation Act.

r. The
ued the
e "Act
:ongress
nfedera-
d put to
)se who
.rrollton,

:t passed
ken, and
lat debts
irove, to
k belong-
ited, and
ind debts
e against
Barnes of
ssage was
earnest
ate," and
asons for
State to
e Senate
30th, and
arroll of
e reasons
ying the
otive ap-
Ihas been
ipon good
to a pro-

:' m

portionate part of the western country can be better
supported under the present form of union, than
that of the Confederation." '

In regard to the Confiscation Act, the House and
Senate were still not in harmony, and amendments
made by the Senate did not receive the entire
approval of the House. The Senate stood out for
their views, agreeing only to waive the amendment
respecting debts due to Messrs. Hanbury and Grove.
The House returned the bill to the Senate, hoping
that a future session would effect an agreement on
the points of difference, and the Senate, adopting
some of the clauses proposed by the House, " agree
to refer the consideration of indemnification of
sufferers to a future session," when they trusted that
" the present subjects of dispute may be settled to
the general satisfaction." Charles Carroll of Car-
rr'lton carried the bill and the accompanying mes-
sage to the House of Delegates. In case the State
should be invaded, as seemed probable, at this time,
it was provided that the Governor should appoint
a place for the next meeting of the Assembly. The
" Instructions " to the Maryland delegates in
Congress were sent from the House to the Senate,
the 2d of February. They declare the motives
inducing Maryland to accede to the Confederation.
One of these was " the want of a permanent indis-
soluble union," yet the one they were now enter-
ing was to demonstrate a few years later the fallacy
and unreasonableness of such expectations. Mary-
land here reiterated her ** objection " to the '* exclus-

' Hid,

>-'^'>AtjMJ.,A«>aUVii.'4M«iUli<aJJ«*'N««(«i^wMv»>«: -i

'^"m T^^

m-^

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

ive claim of some of the States to the western
territory as unjust, and injurious to the general
welfare," and she expressed her willingness — a grave
mistake — to give up to Spain the ** exclusive navi-
gation of the Mississippi." '

The second session of the Assembly of 17^^ 1781
was to have met the loth of May, but Chai.js Car-
roll of Carrollton and three other gentlemen were
the only members of the Senate present on that day,
and a quorum was not obtained until the 29th. Let-
ters were then read from Lafayette, and from the
President of Congress. Lord Cornwallis was in Vir-
ginia, and Lafayette was following him up at this
time. The Maryland Assembly was busying itself
to supply clothes for the Southern army, and the
delegates in Congress were instructed to apply for
five hundred stand of arms for the Continental
troops raised in Maryland.

A conference took place between a committee se-
lected from each House, on the subject of the sus-
pected persons confined in prison since the last
meeting of the Assembly, a list of whom had been
sent them by the Governor. The Senate conferrees
were Charles Carroll, barrister, Charles Carroll of
Carrollton, Thomas Stone, and John Henry. Mat-
thew Tilghman was added later. A plan proposed
by the House for the ** establishment of a new paper
currency," the emitting two thousand pounds in bills
of credit, etc., in which there was to be a form of
subscription and a form of association, as given be-
low, was not altogether approved of by the Senate :

' Ibid.

The Confiscation Act Amended. 47

" We promise to become subscribers of the sums
affixed to our names, on the scheme for an emission
etc.," and " we engage on our honor to receive at
par, from subscribers or associators, the bills of
credit of the new proposed emission, rating silver
dollars at seven shillings and sixpence, etc." The
Senate dissented to the " Association " proposed,
and the House agreed to separate the form of asso-
ciation from that of the subscription.

The bill as amended, " Act for the emission of
bills of credit, not exceeding two hundred thousand
pounds, on the security of double the value in lands
to defray the expenses of the present campaign,"
was passed June 23d and sent to the House by
Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Other bills going into
effect at this time were, one for raising two bat-
talions of militia, and one to encourage the destroy-
ing of wolves, these beasts of prey still infesting the
more unsettled portions of the State. Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton probably drew up the bills passed
June 26th, the day before the Assembly adjourned,
for abrogating and abolishing the forty-fifth Article
of the Constitution, and abolishing part of the thirty-
seventh Article, as he brought them in, and was ap-
pointed to carry them to the House of Delegates.'
The forty-fifth Article provided " that no field ofifi-
cer of the militia shall be eligible as a Senator, Dele-
gate or member of the Council," and the closing
paragraph of the thirty-seventh Article contained a
similar restriction.

According to his usual punctual habits, Charles

' Ibid,

*. ^Z"

■:^»v^

I !

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

I ii:^

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Carroll was in his seat in the Senate, Monday, No-
vember 5th, 1 78 1, the day appointed for the Assem-
bly to meet. But it was not until the 17th that
there were a sufficient number of Senators present
to organize for the session. General Washington
was expected in Annapolis at this time, and the As-
sembly wished to present him with a vote of thanks
for the recent victory at Yorktown. A joint com-
mittee was appointed to prepare the resolutions, and
the members selected from the Senate were Mat-
thew Tilghman, Thomas Stone, and Charles Carroll
of Carrollton, the trio of this body's best writers.
Charles Carroll, barrister, of the Senate, and Gen.
John Cadwalader and Col. William Fitzhugh of the
House of Delegates, were appointed by the Assem-
bly to present the vote of thanks. And Barrister
Carroll brought back to the Senate Washington's
address in reply.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton had leave of absence,
as the journal records, from Thursday the 13th of
December until the following Monday, but he was
promptly in his place again on the 17th. Little was
done in the Senate, however, from this time until
after the Christmas holidays. On the 31st, the
" Act to prevent the exportation of bread and flour
not merchantable, and for other purposes," was
passed, and sent to the House by Charles Carroll of
Carrollton, who also carried sundry letters from Rob-
ert Morris tiie superintendent of finance. The sup-
ply bill and other acts were signed by the Governor
on the 8th of January ; and on the 1 8th a conference
was proposed to settle the question of certain amend-

The Recruiting Bill.

ay, No-
Assem-
th that
present
hington
the As-

thanks
nt com-
ons, and
;re Mat-
5 Carroll

writers,
nd Gen.
rh of the
; Assem-
Barrister
tiington's

absence,
13th of
X he was
,ittle was
,me until
1st, the
land flour
fes," was
larroU of
om Rob-
The sup-
overnor
inference
In amend-

ments to the bill for appropriating lands for the use
of the Maryland officers and soldiers, and for the
sale of vacant lands. The Senate conferrees were
Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and
John Smith, and Charles Carroll brought in their
report to the Senate the next day.

Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and
James McHenry were appointed, on the 2 1st, con-
ferrees to meet a committee of the House, on the
subject of the bill for appointing an intendant of the
revenue. The act to raise recruits was passed on
the 22d of January, and sent to the House of Dele-
gates by Charles Carroll of CaroUton, the Assembly
adjourning on this day.' A motion was made on the
second reading of the recruiting bill that the clause
applying the property of Lloyd Dulany, in part for
that purpose, be struck out, but it was defeated,
Charles Carroll of Carrollton voting with the ma-
jority. The friends of the old student days, who
had drunk together from the silver punch bowl asso-
ciated with the Peggy Stewart in 1774, were now
widely asunder, the Dulanys having most of them
taken the Tory side during the Revolution.

At the spring session of the Assembly, in 1782,
Charles Carroll of Carrollton was present on April
25th, the day appointed, but there was only one
other Senator equally punctual. This was Edward
Lloyd of " Wye House " in Talbot County. These
gentlemen were joined by George Plater of " Sot-
terly " and Col. Richard Barnes, both of St. Mary's
County, on the 1st of May, but it was not until the

'Journal of the Maryland Senate.

VOL. II— 4

i'^

'—•ssmnjt^'

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I :\

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

lOth that the Senate was organized. A message
was sent to them from the House of Delegates on
the 13th, regarding the measures to be adopted to
defend such of the inhabitants as were exposed to
plundei' by the enemy's barges, the negotiations re-
specting the land ofifice and the sale of vacant lands,
with other matters, and a joint conference was pro-
posed to settle these subjects. Five conferrees were
appointed by the Senate, Thomas Stone, Robert
Goldsborough, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, John
Henry, and Richard Barnes.

It was at this time that Sir Guy Carleton was
commissioned to endeavor to conclude a peace, or a
truce, with the United States, independently of
France, but the dignity of the newly erected sov-
ereignties was insulted by the appellation applied to
them of " revolted colonies." And they rightly
scorned the invitation to desert their French allies.
The House of Delegates sent to the Senate the fol-
lowing spirited Resolutions on the subject, which
received the ready assent of that body, and went
forth to the world as the declaration of the Maryland
Assembly.

**^^j-(?/z'(?^ unanimously, that it is the opinion of this
House that peace with Great Britain and all the world, is
an object truly desirable, but that war with all its calami-
ties is to be preferred to national dishonor, and that it is
the sentiment of this House, that any negotiation for
peace or truce not agreeable to the alliance with France,
is inadmissible, that every danger ought to be encoun-
tered, every event hazarded, rather than sully our national
character, or violate in the least degree our connection

Maryland's spirited Resolves. 51

message
Sfates on
opted to
3osed to
itions re-
mt lands,
was pro-
rees were
I, Robert
on, John

eton was
eace, or a
dently of
jcted sov-
applied to
;y rightly
nch allies,
te the fol-
ct, which
and went
Maryland

lion of this
lie world, is

its calami-
id that it is
>tiation for
|ith France,

le encoun-
lur national

connection

with our great and good ally, and that good faith, grati-
tude and safety forbid any treaty for peace or truce with
Great Britain, but in conjunction with France or with
her consent first obtained.

Resolved unanimously, that this House will exert the
power of the State to enable Congress to prosecute the
war until Great Britain renounce all claim of sovereignty
over the United States or any part thereof, and until
their Independance be formally or tacitly assured by a
treaty with Great Britain, France and the United States
which shall terminate the war." '

The report of the joint committee appointed May
13th, was made the basis of a bill for the protection
of the Bay trade. It was proposed to equip four
barges and one galley, and the ^2000 needed for this
purpose was to be obtained from the sale of confis-
cated British property. A letter was to be written
to the commander of the French marine at York-
town, asking for a galley, or other vessel, to co-operate
with the barges. Concerted action with Virginia was
considered highly desirable, and " a gentleman of
character and knowledge " was to be sent from the
Maryland Assembly to confer with the Assembly and
Executive of the Old Dominion. Each of the four
barges was to have two pieces of cannon. And in
conjunction with Virginia and with the ^ud of the
French, a magazine was to be established at York-
town and a hospital erected for the sick and wounded.
In their letter to the French commander the Assem-
bly say :

i i

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

" The protection and security which this enterprise will
give to a very great number of our inhabitants who are kept
in perpetual alarms and apprehensions, not only for the
safety of their property, but of their persons (! eing liable
to be seized at all hours of the night and carried off into
captivity or barbarously murdered) will we are satisfied
be a sufficient inducement with you to afford us all the
assistance in your power to accomplish the destruction of
these free Booters, for they scarcely deserve the dignified
appellation of enemy.'"

Robert Hanson Harrison was appointed the Com-
missioner to Virginia, with instructions from the
Assembly, expressing the earnest desire of Maryland
to preserve and improve a strict union between the
two governments founded on their " mutual interest
and affection." It was to be represented and urged
that the public councils of the two States ought to
harmonize, " and that a frequent communication of
sentiments and reciprocation of good offices would
greatly tend to cement the friendship which ought to
be inviolably preserved between the tv/o Republics
and their citizens." The Commissioner was to re-
quest the Legislature of the sister State to direct
their laws to be transmitted from time to time to the
Maryland Executive, and to inform Virginia that the
acts of Maryland would be duly communicated to
her.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton's name appears last
in the journal of this session on the afternoon of
May 22d. The ayes and noes were not taken again

Ubid.

11 fl

■MMMMMv

Letter to Governor Thomas Sim Lee. 53

)rise will
are kept
for the
ig liable
. off into
satisfied
s all the
iction of
dignified

he Com-
om the
[arylaiid
/een the
interest
id urged
Dught to
ation of
;s would
)ught to
epublics
LS to re-
direct
e to the
that the
ated to

:ars last
■noon of
m again

until June 3d, so sometime between these two dates
he must have left the Assembly, probably on the
30th of May, the day of his father's sudden death,
an affliction which was to be followed eleven days
later by the loss of his wife.

The first sorrow which was to come to the states-
man's home in these years was the death, in August,
1781, of Mrs. Henry Darnall, his wife's mother and
his own first cousin. Of this sad event he writes at
the time to his friend Gov. Thomas Sim Lee, ac-
knowledging a letter from the latter, and giving
some account of Mrs. Darnall's funeral, which took
place at " Doughoregan Manor." The grand-
daughter of Thomas Sim Lee was to marry the
grandson of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and to
become the mother of a more recent Maryland
Governor, John Lee Carroll.

August 26th, 1 78 1, Dooheragp:n.

Dear Sir :

I am extremely obliged to you for your favor of the
24th and its enclosure. I hope the inflamation in your
t7es is gone off, and that you enjoy perfect health.

I am really quite out of spirits. We have just per-
formed the last melancholy office to the remains of poor
Mrs. Darnall, who died at Rock Creek the 24th, in the
morning. Yesterday I went thither to attend the corpse
to this place. She was buried in our chapel this morn-
ing. The funeral service was performed by the Rev. J.
Carroll who came up with me. This melancholy inci-
dent has thrown a great damp on all our spirits, but par-
ticularly on those of Mrs. Carroll.

'.! ■■

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

We beg to be kindly remembered to you and Mrs. Lee.
Believe me to be with great regard and sincerity,
Your most obedient humble servant,

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

Mrs. Darnall, his daughter-in-law's mother, is
named as a legatee in the will of Charles Carroll,
Sr., which was drawn up in 1780, and she is men-
tioned as his " cousin " and his ** wife's niece." We
see that she had lived in the Carroll family for many
years, covering the period of the elder Mrs. Carroll's
illness and death. Charles Carroll writes in his last
testament, that Mrs. Rachel Darnall "always be-
haved very dutifully to my late wife, her aunt, and
in her last sickness was very tender of her and
tended her with the greatest care and affection,
and has by a long residence with me merited my
esteem and affection." "

In 1780 was born the youngest of the seven chil-
dren of Charles Carroll of Carrollton and Mary
Darnall. This was the little Eliza whose short life
closed three years later. The other children were
an earlier Elizabeth, born in 1769, who died in in-
fancy ; Mary, born in 1770; Louisa Rachel, born
in 1772, who died young; Charles, the only son,
born in 1775; Ann Brooke, born in 1776, who also
died in childhood, and Catherine, who was born in
1778. But while the public life of the patriot and
lawmaker is spread before us in the annals of the
time, we obtain only occasional glimpses of the

' Family papers, Dr. Charles Carroll Lee.
^ Appendix C.

Ill

Charles Carroirs llouu Circle,

happy domestic circle which had gathered around
him. In June, 1776, we find the Rev. John Carroll
writing to his cousin Charles Carroll, Sr., and send-
ing his " love to Polley," Mary Carroll, then six
years old, and, with the stateliness of old-fashioned
courtesy, tendering his " respectful compliments "
to the child's mother and grandmother. So Mon-
sieur Pliarne, Mr. Carroll's amusing French corre-
spondent, in October, 1777, remembers Mrs. Carroll
and Mrs. Darnall with " compliments," and writes :
" I kiss a thousand times Mollie, Charlie and Nancy."
The death of Mrs. Darnall in 178 1, as is seen, was
but the beginning of the afflictions that were to
visit Charles Carroll in his home life at this period.
In less than a year later his father and wife had
died, to be buried also under the Manor Chapel,
and he was to pass half a century of widowhood
before rejoining the young wife who had been taken
from him in her gracious prime. Writing to a friend
July 9th, 1782, he says: " I have had the misfortune
to lose my father and wife within a very little time
of each other. My father died the 30th of May,
suddenly, and my wife on the loth ultimo, after a
short but very painful illness." ' Mr. Carroll's
death, it seems, was brought about as the result of
a fall from the porch of his house in Annapolis, and
to the shock and distress of this casualty is attrib-
uted the fatal illness of his daughter-in-law. " The
death of Mrs. Carroll was very sad," writes the
author of the Carroll sketches in Appleton s Jour-
nal :

i;i'

Family papers, Rev. Thomas Sim l^ee.

: I

f >

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Charles Carroll of CarrolUon.

" She was devotedly attached to her grandfather
[father-indawj. One day he was standing on the large
porch of his house at Annapolis, watching a ship come
into the harbor. He ste|)ped back too far, and was
picked up dead. Mrs. Carroll, his grandchild [child] by
marriage, and his constant companion, never recovered
from the shock, nor left the room afterward until
death." '

The will of Charles Carroll of Annapolis, which
was drawn up two years before his death, made his
son Charles Carroll of Carrollton his heir, and the
"whole and sole executor" of his estate. A moiety
of certain of his lands was to go to his nephew and
nieces, Charles Carroll of " Carrollsburg," Mrs. Dan-
iel Carroll of Upper Marlboro' (or Rock Creek), and
Mrs. Ignatius Digges of " Melwood." '

At the opening of the fall session of the Assembly,
November 4th, 1782, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
with Edward Lloyd, were again the only Senators
present. The grief-stricken husband and son was
faithful to the call of public duty, and, as usual,
setting an example of promptness to his more dila-
tory compatriots. Not until the 15th of November
was there a Senate formed. Both Houses of the
Assembly, at this time, concurred in the determina
tion that measures must be taken to enforce n
punctual attendance of their members. ,am

Paca was elected Governor, and a joint coii. iftee
was appointed to draw up an address of approbation

' Applfton's jfotiriial, September, 1874.
^ Appendix C.

Civil List mil Defeated.

and thanks to the retiring Executive, Governor Lee.
Matthew Tilghman and Charles Carroll of Carrollton
were the Senate members of this committee. On
the 3d of December, a resolution of the Senate, " that
the Governor and Council be requested to apply to
Commodore La Villc Hrun for such armed vessels
as he may jud^je proper to cooperate with the barges
of this State against those of the enemy now in this
Bay," was sent to the House of Delc^^ates by Charles
Carroll.

The houses and lots, and the household furniture
of Sir Robert Ixlen were now appropriated to the
use of the Republican Executive, until the Assem-
bly should otherwise determine. Charles Carroll of
Carrollton and Col. Richard Barnes were ordered by
the Senate, at this time, " to inquire into the nature
of the contract made by the House of Delegates with
Mr. Frederick Green to print the Laws of this State."
The bill to regulate the militia was passed, with
amendments ; but when the bill to settle and pay
the Civil List came up for a second reading it was
defeated, and a committee was appointed to draft
a message to the House giving the Senate's objec-
tions to the bill. This committee, consisting of
Matthew Tilghman, Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
John Henry, and Charles Carroll, barrister, said in
this message that as the act might be considered a
money bill, the Senate returned it with a negative
only, otherwise they might have added amendments.
The reasons for their dissent were, first, motives of
conomy, as they believed the salaries of the Council
and others should be lowered, in consideration of

I , ii

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

the heavy taxes, which were likely to continue and
grow larf^er ; and secondly, because the bill made
the judges dependent on the Legislature.

This principle of the independence of the judiciary,
they wro'.e " is essential to the impartial administra-
tion of justice," and " cannot be questioned." And
the Senate reminded the House that it was a princi-
ple " recognized by the Declaration of Rights, which
says the salaries of chancellor and judges ought to
be secured to them during the continuance of their
commissions. Their salaries have been hitherto
settled annually," the message continues, " by the
Civil List bill, and consequently cannot be said to
be secured to them during the continuance of their
commissions." And the committee add that the
perplexities and confusion of the times have been
the excuses for this irregularity, but now that " a
regular and effectual administration of justice hath
taken place among us, it is become a duty of the
General Assembly to establish permanent salaries." '
A resolution of the House of Delegates, read in the
Senate on Christmas Day, that a certain sum of
money received by General Smallwood, on account
of the recruiting service, be applied to the equipping
of the barges, was assented to by the Senate, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton, however, giving notice that he
would enter his protest against it. And on the second
reading of the Supply Bill, both Charles Carroll and
James McHenry announced that they would enter a
" Dissentient." That of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton is as follows :

Journal of the Senate.

Dissents to the Supply Bill.

Because this bill puts the management and sale of speci-
fied articles payable in discharge of a large proportion of
the tax, under the direction of the Governor and Council,
a board which from its constitution and the variety of
business it has to transact, is not so competent as one
person to a judicious and economical administration of a
complicated revenue.

Because the incompetency of the Governor and Council
is not merely presumed but founded on experience since
the past mismanagement of the specifics and the waste of
them induced the Legislature to commit the charge and
sale thereof to the direction of one man, and occasioned
the appointment of an Intendant of the Revenue from
which the State has already reaped considerable advan-
tages, and from whose continuance in office it would
probably derive still greater.

Because it were better to leave the specifics in the
hands of the people than to draw them out in payment of
unprofitable taxes and store them at places in which to
judge from the past, they will be probably left to waste,
rot, and be embezzled.

Because, the clause enabling debtors to retain in their
hands one sixth of the interest accrueing on monies loaned
is retrospective, infringing prior contracts, creditors not
having it in their option under the present system of law
to call in the principal in order to avoid the deduction of
interest.

Because, the principle on which this clause in the bill
is presumed to be grounded is too fanciful and ideal, in-
applicable to most cases and improperly ajiplied to all.
The principle goes upon this sup[)Osition, that every
debtor has realized the money borrowed out of which
one sixth of the interest may be discounted in visible,
taxable property, and that the sum payable on his assess-

It
If

lli' I

ii:

Charles Carroll of Carrollto7i.

ment may equal, exceed or be less than one sixth of the
interest discounted ; if equal the creditor in fact and not
the person assessed pays the tax. To all cases (and a
variety of such may exist) in which the sum payable by
the debtor on his assessed property is less than one sixth
of the interest retained, the principle is totally inapplic-
able, for in such cases the debtors may retain more by
v\'ithholdinga sixth of the accrued interest than what Ihey
pay in their assessments, and then the creditors not only
pay the assessment of debtors, but the latter gain from
the former the difference between the sums paid and ex-
cess. Admitting the monies borrowed bearing interest,
to be invested in real, visible and taxable property, and
the sum paid by the debtor on the valuation of his prop-
erty to exceed a sixth of the interest withheld from his
creditor, still is the principle improperly applied by the
clause dissented to. If properly applied all property
must be assessed at its real value, for instance a certain
proportion valued at one hundred pounds ought not to
be worth in reality more than that sum, for it is evident
unless lands and other visible, taxable property are justly
valued, the reduction of a sixth of the interest must be
unjust, being made from a definite portion of property,
viz : one hundred and five pounds, a property not ascer-
tained as most others by the discretionary and fallible
judgment of an assessor, and daily decreasing in value
whilst that of lands hath risen of late years considerably
and by many is supposed still to be rising. Thus in
virtue of the clause objected to, a piece of land valued at
one hundred pounds but really worth two hundred, will
pay only twenty-five shillings, and the owner who may
have borrowed one hundred pounds is empowered to de-
duct twenty shillings from one hundred and five pounds.
Because this clause is a tack to a money bill not imme-

|l !l

Dissents to the Supply Bill.

diately relating and necessary for, the imposing, assess-
ing, levying or applying the taxes to be raised for the
current expenses of the year, but contains matter totally
distinct from the nature and essence of a money bill as
defined by the form of government, viz : an impolitic
reduction of interest from six to five per cent., which if
continued will operate as a discouragement to private
and public credit and force the monied men to draw
their capitals out of the hands of the citizens of this
State to place them in other countries in which they will
not be subjected to such reductions.

Because the menacing yet ridiculous and illegal pro-
vision in the latter part of the clause will operate only on
the timid and ignorant, and is in reality an acknowledg-
ment of its impropriety and discovers the strongest ap-
prehension that what is unjust and indeed absurd will be
disregarded by the more informed.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'

General Rochambeau was in Annapolis early in
January, 1783, and the Assembly voted an address
of thanks to him, and an entertainment at the pub-
lic expense, in his honor. The address was to be
presented by a joint committee of both Houses, the
Senators selected being Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton, Charles Carroll, barrister, and Edward Lloyd.
The Militia Bill afforded a point of dispute between
the two Houses at this session, and the Senate would
seem to have held the proper view. They wished to
exempt from militia duty the Executive and Coun-
cil, the members of Assembly, and the higher ofifi-
cers of the judiciary, " on the principle that no set of

' Ibid.

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

men in the State should be unequally burdened "
while the House urged that these persons were "of
the first characters and fortunes, and ought to set
examples to the people, and show them that no
duty, however hard or inconvenient, will be re-
quired of them but what all ranks of men are sub-
jected to." When the bill for the defence of the
State from the enemy's cruisers was passed with
amendments from the Senate, January 9th, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton and one other Senator only,
voted in the negative. The House returning this
bill and refusing to take the amendments into con-
sideration, Charles Carroll of Carrollton and Charles
Carroll, barrister, were ordered to prepare a message
for the House.

Gentlemen,

If you are clearly of opinion that the bill for the de-
fence of the State from the enemy's barges and cruisers
is a money bill, we are not less certain that several mat-
ters, clauses and things, are annexed to and blended
with this bill, not immediately relating to, and necessary
for, the imposing, levying or applying the money intended
to be raised by it.

The clauses repealing the act imposing certain duties
for the purpose of sinking the bills of credit therein
mentioned, and establishing a court for the trial of offi-
cers, marines and mariners, for breach of any of the
articles established for the government of the navy of
the United States, and for trying the captains of the
barges Fearnought, Terrible and Defence^ we conceive
do not relate, or are requisite for the imposing, assess-
ing, levying or applying of money.

The first clause ascertaining the naval force to be

:mi|

^/^".S

Message from the Senate,

to be

equipped, is also, in our opinion, unconstitutionally blend-
ed with those parts of the bill uhich properly make it a
money bill. To raise money for the purpose of equipping
armed vessels, and to ascertain what their number and
force shall be, are things in themselves totally distinct.
We might agree that it would be proper to raise a certain
sum of money to defend the trade and coasts of our bay,
and yet, possibly we might differ about the extensiveness
and force of the intended armament. If these distinct
matters are cast into separate bills, we may then offer
amendments ; for instance, we could amend a bill as-
certaining the number and force of the vessels to be
equipped, and might, in a message support our amend-
ments with such reasons as might possibly gain your
assent ; but if the clause ascertaining the armed force
remains connected with a money bill, we are by the Con-
stitution precluded from making amendments, and from
freely exercising our judgments as to the quantum of the
force proposed to be employed. To exercise our judg-
ments freely and fully upon so material a point, and
upon others, we are compelled to have recourse to our
privilege and right of insisting on a separation of every
clause, matter and thing, not immediately relating and
essentially requisite, to a money bill. Believing that
you would not designedly violate the Constitution, in
making tacks to a money bill, to prevent a full and free
discussion of objects so important, and being satisfied
that there are several matters in the bill, which by no
lorture of criticism can be construed into the necessary
appendages of a money bill, we presumed you were in-
clined to waive on this occasion your privilege, and per-
mit us to offer such amendments as we might judge
pnper, in a public, parliamentary way, a way more con-
sistent with the independence of the Senate and the

1 *>.

\il^\

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

spirit of our Constitution than those private negotiations
which have sometimes heretofore taken place, and most
commonly to very little purpose.

We therefore insist on your separating the clauses we
have pointed out from those parts of the bill imposing,
assessing, levying and applying the monies to be raised
by it, and we therefore have returned you the bill with a
negative.'

There was again a difference of opinion as to the
per diem allowance for members of the Assembly.
The House wanted twenty-one shillings, the Senate,
more economical, advocated fifteen, and the bill as
finally passed gave the members seventeen shillings
and five pence a day, a compromise which was op-
posed in the Senate by Matthew Tilghman, and the
two Carrolls. January 12th, a resolution of the
House of Delegates directing the Treasurer to re-
ceive the bills of credit, called red money, in pay-
ment of British property and in discharge of the
county assessment, was negatived by an almost
unanimous vote, Charles Carroll of Carrollton pre-
paring the Senate's message with which it was re-
turned. This vi^as as follows :

" Gentlemen, we have rejected your Resolve of the
nth instant . . . directing the Treasurer of the Western
Shore to receive the bills of credit not exceeding 200,000
pounds, on the security of double the value in lands, to
defray the expences of the present campaign, because it
is improper to repeal a law by a Resolve, resolves not
having the same public notoriety, force and efficacy as

> Ibid,

■ W

4..

Bill for the Defe^ice of the Bay. 65

laws. We will give our assent to a bill for directing the
Treasurer of the Western Shore to receive at par the
aforesaid bills of credit, in payment of confiscated Brit-
ish property sold for the redemption thereof, provided
that the said bills of credit be also directed by the act to
be received at par in payment of county assessments."

The Senate having at length, not to delay the
session longer, assented to the bill for the defence
of the Bay, though disapproving of some of its
clauses, Charles Carroll of Carrollton entered his
protest against it as follows :

" Dissentient ; Because the sum appropriated by the
bill to the equipment of the naval force, designed for the
protection of the trade, and the inhabitants living near
the shores of the Bay, amounts to a much larger propor-
tion of the public revenue than ought to be appropriated
to that particular purpose.

" Because, the intended armament exceeds our ability,
and the sum alloted will not complete and maintain for
the time limited, the vessels purposed to be fitted out
and their crews, and consequently they will not be able
to give that protection and security which a lesser force,
more proportioned to our means and better equipped
might afford.

"Charles Carroll of Carrollton." '

The Civil List Bill did not at all meet with the
approval of the Senate, as they thought the salaries
of officers should be more moderate. So they de-
clared to the House that they adhered to their views,
and only assented to the bill, because the civil offi-

' Ibid.

VOL.II— 5

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

cers could not be left unprovided for, and it was im-
portant not to prolong the session any further. The
bill to raise supplies for the current year was carried
to the House by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, on
the 15th of January, accompanied by an address to
General Greene on his victories, and the Assembly
then adjourned.'

In the spring of 1783, Annapolis was gayer than
usual at this season, for in addition to the races,
there was the presence of the Continental Congress
in the little town, and the crowd of visitors this as-
semblage attracted, among whom were many of the
French officers. It was the year in whicli peace was
declared, and Annapolis had a part in the general
rejoicing at this event. And it was on the Carroll
grounds, " Carroll's Green," the festivities took place.
" To-morrow," wrote Mrs. Walter Dulany, April 23d,
to her son in England, " we celebrate Peace. I hear
there is to be a grand dinner on Squire Carroll's
Point, a whole ox to be roasted and I can't tell how
many sheep and calves besides a world of other
things. Liquor in proportion. The whole to con-
clude with illuminations and squibs." '

The spring session of the Assembly was to have
met the 2 1st of April, but the only Senator who
made his appearance on that day was Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton. A Senate was formed early in
May, and the Articles of Peace were first taken up

1 Ibid.

^ "One Hundred Years Ago — The Life and Times of the Rev,
Walter Dulany Addison," 1769-1848, p. 67. By Elizabeth Hesselius
Murray, Philadelphia, 1895.

Annapolis Celebrates Peace,

have
ir who

ts Car-
Irly in
[en up

le Rev.
tesselius

for consideration. Then came the adjustment of the
affairs of government on the footing of estabh'shed
independence. ** After a long and dreadful war,"
said the Council in a message to the Senate, they
must turn their attention to the public creditors, to
the demands of the government, the revision of the
criminal law, commercial improvements, and the ad-
vancement of religion. " The Bill of Rights and
Form of Government," they assert, "recognize the
principle of public support for the ministers of the
gospel and ascertain the mode." The death of
Charles Carroll, barrister, took place at this time.
This gentleman left no children, and his estate went
by will to Nicholas and James Maccubbin, the sons
of his only sister, on the condition that they took
the surname of Carroll.

Owing to the indisposition of Matthew Tilghman,
President of the Senate, no business was done on
the 22d of May, and the following day Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton was elected President in the place
of Mr. Tilghman. The Assembly made arrange-
ments for the accommodation of Congress, giving
them " the stadt-house and public circle," with the
Governor's house for the use of the President, and
thirteen dwelling-houses with other buildings " for
the residence of the delegates of each of the thir-
teen Confederated States." An important public
paper of Charles Carroll belongs to this session of
the Senate, his protest against the bill " concerning
the admission and qualification of solicitors and at-
tornies." It is a significant testimony to his fearless-
ness, liberality, and wise statesmanship on questions

I i

Charles Carroll of Car roll ton.

connected with the recent war. A manuscript draft
is preserved of this paper, serving to correct errors in
tlie printed copy.

DissENTiKNT, Becausc the clause in the bill empowering
the judges of the courts of law and etiuity to suspend,
remove or strike out of the roll of attornies persons al-
ready admitted or hereafter to be admitted as attornies,
for supposed, not proved, disaffection to the government
of this State, is a violation of the public faith, unneces-
sary and impolitic. This clause violates the public faith,
by depriving, for one and the same offence, a few indi-
viduals (for few only in reality will be affected by the
clause) of those rights and privileges, which they had for-
feited for nonconformity to one act, and had purchased
and regained under another. A small attention to the
act for the better security of government, and the supple-
mentary act for procuring an extra supply of provisions
for the Continental army, passed at June session, 1780,
will evince this violation of law and justice. By the for-
mer act nonjurors are rendered incapable of practising
the law ; by the latter, this disability is taken off, upon
certain conditions to be performed by them ; on per-
formance, they are placed on the same footing of other
subjects, with respect to the practice of the law ; no ar-
bitrary and discretionary power was vested in the judges,
before the passage of this bill, to remove or suspend
practising attornies, for the vague and indeterminate
offence, disaffection to government. I'he only evidence
which the law heretofore required of attachment to the
Constitution and form of government of this State, was
the taking the oath of support and fidelity thereto. Per-
sons, who had refused or neglected to take that oath, on
or before a particular day, are left at liberty, by the sup-

' AH

-"^N|l. 4

Qiialificafion of Attorneys,

te, was

plementary act just mentioned, to take the oath at any
timt\ and even without taking it, they are restored to all
the privileges of citizens, save such as are expressly ex-
cepted l)y that act. To destroy this conclusion, drawn
from the above-mentioned laws, it will be incumbent on
the patronizcrs of this bill to show, that the judges have,
without it, a discretionary power of removing or suspend-
ing practising attornies for disaffection to the govern-
ment, although they may have taken the oath of su])port
and fidelity to it. If the judges have this pre-existing
]jo\ver, where is the necessity of this clause, and of the
amendment made to it by the Senate, pointedly j)rovid-
ing, that the taking of the oath, after the preliminaries of
peace, shall not be considered by the judges /// itself as
sufficient attachment to the government ? The very
amendment proves the inference, that the judges had no
such power under any former act, and that they were
bound to admit the taking the oath of support and fidel-
ity to the State, by the qualifying attorney, as the only
proof of his attachment to the government by law re-
quired. The few instances which have lately occurred
also prove, that the judges of the general court acted un-
der this impression and construction of the laws, by
admitting certain nonjurors to qualify as attornies, not
conceiving themselves at liberty to exclude them from
practising in the courts of justice, on account of reputed
disaffection to the government, nor foreseeing that a fu-
ture act, in derogation of the subsisting law of the land,
would direct them not to consider such oath in itself as
sufficient evidence oi attachment to the State. It is pre-
sumed, indeed, that had the judges been indued with
such foresight, their integrity, and a proper sense of
character, would not have suffered them to have trifled
with their oaths, to accommodate their conduct to the

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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resentmenl of individuals, or the views of particular men,
not acting under the obligation of an oath.

The clause in (lueslion not only violates the public
faith and justice, but is an unnecessary and wanton vio-
lation of botii ; an examination of the arguments which
were urged in support of this particular clause will dis-
cover the truth of the position. The danger to the State
from permitting a few nonjurors to qualify as attornies,
and practise in the courts of law and equity, was much
insisted on ; that there are but few, very few, has been al-
ready noticed, who will or can be affected by the clause ;
and that these few are incapacitated from voting at elec-
tions, and holding any office of trust and profit, must be
known to all. From whence then is this mighty danger
to arise ? In what does its reality consist ? How is it to
operate, and on what objects ? These discoveries remain
yet to be made. To justify a breach of law and national
compact between the State and its subjects, the necessity
of that breach must be self-evident, palpable, and felt by
all. Will it, can it be pretended, that the remote and
ideal dangers apprehended from the admission to, and
continuance in, the practise of the law, of the persons
alluded to, constitute such a necessity ? The assertion
is too absurd to gain belief, even with the most timid, the
most inveterate, or the most deluded. If the objection-
able clause violates law and justice, and is unnecessary,
on what principles can its policy be supported ? Is it
good policy to perpetuate parties and odious distinctions
in the State ? To extinguish factions, and to allay and
heal their animosities, to unite all ranks of citizens in the
pursuit of one common good, has been ever inculcated
by wise statesmen. On this point can a real difference
of sentiment subsist ? Can it be denied, that the clause
has a tendency to keep alive party distinctions and ani-

Aft Important Public Paper,

mosity ? These are the apparent and obvious conse-
([iiences of the bill ; more secret, dark and insiduous,
are to be api)rehended. A monopoly in the practice of
law may be as fatal to the State as any other monopoly.
Combinations among monopolisers are frequent .\. \ al-
ways pernicious. Admit a combination should be fomed
between the present practitioners of the law, not to biing
suits for the recovery of British debts ; would not such a
combination terminate in an actual contravention of the
Treaty of Peace ? Have not such combinations been
publicly mentioned ? And does not the general scope of
the bill give room to susi)ect, that it is calculated to
countenance such unwarrantable practices ? From this
source may be traced the real, though not the avowed,
motive of excluding from the exercise of their profession
the nonjuring and resident attornies ; hence sprung the
departure from the principles of the naturalization act,
which requires no previous residence in the State, as a
qualification of the persons naturalized, to become attor-
nies or solicitors in the courts of law and equity within
this State. Why all this distrust, this dread of and cau-
tion against admitting to practice as attornies, such resi-
dents as had not taken the oath of support and fidelity
before the signing of the Preliminary Articles of the
Peace ? Why is two years residence now required of
foreigners naturalized, who by the act of naturalization,
passed in the very heat of war, might have qualified as
attornies, immediately on taking the oath prescribed by
that act ? Is greater danger now to be apprehended from
British emissaries, after the acknowledgment of the inde-
pendence of these States, than before that event ? How
can so much distrust and jealousy of that power be rec-
onciled with the full security resulting from a glorious
peace, and the perfect establishment of independence ''

!!'.

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Charles Carroll of CarrolUon.

Men who rre not blinded by their resentments, or in-
fluenced by interest, will readily perceive and attribute
those pretended fears to the true cause, a desire of pro-
crastinating, or totally eluding, the payment of British
debts. This bill is levelled at British creditors, not at a
British interest, or British emissaries, as suggested in the
debate upon it,

Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

President of the Senate.'

' Journal of the Senate ; MS : owned by Hon. Jolin Lee Carroll.

CHAPTER III.

MARYLAND AFTER THE PEACE.

1783-1787.

THE affairs of the Baltimore Iron Works were in
no very prosperous condition :it the close of
the Revolution, and the manager, Clement Brooke,
a relative of Charles Carroll ot Carrollton, had sev-
eral measures to propose for their advancement. He
wrote from the " Baltimore Furnace," August 7,
1783, to the gentlemen of the Company, suggesting
that they should l:eep a store of bar iron in " Balti-
more town," -tPd pw t a capable person in charge of
it, so that ?;u*"icient might be sold to support the
works and pay the taxes. They wanted also more
good hands " to force on the works to the best ad-
vantage," and the manager added : " Mr. Carter owes
one negro woman, the estate of Mr. Carroll of Dudd-
ington three women and five men, the State of Mary-
land five men and two women." He complained
that the negroes supplied were not capable of doing
their tasks : *' Three negro men sent by Mr. Carter

last fall are all unfit hands

a lad sent in by

Mr. Carroll, barrister, in June, 1782, [is] very uiifit

Ilj:

diaries Carroll of Carrollton.

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for the business," and so on. Then " a young ne-
gro fellow bought for Mr. Carroll of Carrollton put
in last March soon made his escape and is not found
yet." Charles Carroll of Carrollton in forwarding
Clement Brooke's letter to the other gentlemen of
the Company proposed a meeting for the 27th of
October.

DoEHERAGEN, iith August, 1783.

Gentlemen : The several matters mentioned in the
above letter, are of such importance as to claim the im-
mediate and serious attention of the Company. It is my
opinion, that some trusty person in Baltimor*.- town ought
to be immediately employed by the Company to sell
from them, on commission, as much bar iron as will en-
able the clerks to lay in provisions, pay hirelings, other
incidental charges and taxes, and that Mr. Biooke should
be authorised (as I do on my behalf hereby authorize
him) to employ some such person, and to agree with him
about the commission. The loss which the Company
sustains by bartering away their bar-iron for provisions
and in paying hirelings must be considerable. Hirelings
are generally necessitous, and to purchase liquor and
clothing sell the iron which they get of the Company to
the merchants in town at an under value.

To send to the Works unserviceable negroes, is only
increasing expence without the prospect of a benefit, and
injuring those who put in good slaves. The cripple, un-
healthy, and infirm negroes which have been sent to the
Works within these two or three years past, ought to be
taken back by the persons who put them in, and good
negroes, such as Mr. Brooke describes, sent in their
places. If the partners had heretofore put in such there
would not now be wanting sixteen hands to carry on the

Smmiel Chase hi London.

works. A meeting of the Company appears to me to be
absolutely necessary, and therefore 1 propose one to be
held at the Furnace the 27th of next October,

The Works, if carried on with spirit, and managed to
the greatest advantage, might certainly be made very prof-
itable ; at present they hardly clear themselves. How to
improve so improvable an estate, is the object of the pro-
posed meeting. 1 am, Gentlemen,

Your most humble Servant
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

On the 3d of November, 1783, Charles Carroll
appeared in his seat in the Senate, with only two
other members present. He attended from day to
day until the 13th, when there being as yet no quor-
um, he seems, for some reason, to have left town,
and when the Senate was finally organized on the
22d, he was still absent, and Daniel Carroll was
elected President in his place. Two days later he
had returned, and was immediately put upon a com-
mittee to confer with a House committee on an
apprehended disturbance in Annapolis. A bill v/as
passed to empower the Governor to call out the
militia to suppress insurrections and quiet distur-
bances. The "Act concerning the stock of the
Bank of England" was the next important matter
considered. Samuel Chase had been appointed an
agent, at the close of the war, to go to England and
recover the amount of dividends that had accumu-
lated from the twenty-seven thousand pounds that
had been deposited in the Bank of England by
Maryland, and to sell the stock. A letter from Mr.

' Carter Papers. o\\ ucd by (.'has. V. Keith.

I f

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I ■ ' . (,

Charles Can-oil of Carrollton.

Chase, with other papers on this subject, read In the
Senate, November 28th, were carried to the House
by Charles Carroll of Carrollton. A bill relating to
civil causes depending in the General Court for the
Western Shore, was brought in by Charles Carroll,
December 1st, and was doubtless drafted by him.

The Chevalier d' Annemours, Consul-General of
France in Virginia, Maryland, the Carolinas, and
Georgia, was in Annapolis at this session of the
Assembly, and a joint committee of both Houses
was appointed to confer with him on the business of
his office in connection with Maryland. The Senate
members of this committee were George Plater and
Charles Carroll of Carrollton. The committee's re-
port, brought in ten days later arranged as to the
imposition of duties, and proposed that *' Chambers
of Commerce " be established for the speedy de-
cision of C)ntroversies. A joint committee of five
from the Senate and seven from the House, who
were to take into consideration a letter from the
Maryland delegates in Congress, included Charles
Carroll of Carrollton. On the 19th of December a
joint committee was appointed to provide a house for
General Washington, and to prepare an address to
him. Charles Carroll was one of the five Senators
selected for this committee. The address to Gen-
eral Washington, expressing the Assembly's grateful
sense of his " distinguished services " was brought
in by John Henry, and he and Charles Carrol! were
the Senators appointed to join with the delegation
from the House who were to present the address.'

' JourHul of llw Md) yla)hl S,iiatc.

(»

S/o/ic's Ajisiucr to '' Dissefitieiity

In the State House at Annapolis to-day where
the historic event of the resignation of Washing-
ton took place, the portrait of Charles Carroll of
Carrollton looks down from the walis, with those of
William Paca and Samuel Chase, and a large canvas
hangs between them conveying to later generations
the representation of the scene in Congress, as it
transpired in this identical spot, at the hour of noon,
December 23, 1783.

The bill " laying a duty on British vessels and for
other purposes," was committed for amendment to
John Henry, Charles Carroll, and John Smith. On
the 23d of December, Daniel Carroll, the President
of the Senate, was indisposed, and it was necessary
to elect someone in his place. Col. Richard Barnes
v/as the Senate's first choice, but on his declining
the honor Charles Carroll of Carrollton was elected
President for the second time. It seems that the
two friends Stone and Carroll were opposed on the
subject of the bill for the admission and qualifica-
tion of solicitors and attorneys. And on the 25th
of December, Christmas Day, the Assembly being
in session on the holiday, Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton as President was called on to lay before the
Senate a letter enclosing an answer of Thomas
Stone to Carroll's " Dissentient " filed at the last
session. These were both read, and a motion to
refer them to the next session was negatived. A
motion was then carried that " no counter protest
shall be entered on the records of the Senate."

Resolutions of the House were afterwards read
respecting purchasers of confiscated British prop-

i-^

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Charles Carroll of Carrolllon.

erty. These were assented to with the following
amendments: '' Provided X.\\dL.t the interest due on
the purchase money shall be paid on or before the
1st of March next, Provided also, that all persons
who were purchasers of any of the property sold as
aforesaid, having certificates, shall have the interest
due on the said certificates set off against the inter-
est due to the State, to the amount of the interest
on such certificates." Of the eight Senators present,
seven voted in favor of this last proviso. The one
negative vote was cast by the President, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton. The House sustained the
President of the Senate by assenting to the first
amendment, but adding that they could not adopt
the second, " with respect to allowing the interest
due on certificates to be set off against the in-
terest due to the State." They considered " the
injustice in this case to be equal to that which would
ensue from a general admission of the payment of
all kinds of certificates in discharge of the purchases
of British property." The reply of the Senate to
this message, which was agreed to by all except
Charles Carroll of Carrollton and Edward Lloyd,
declared that " the principle of the amendment
went to receiving all debts due the
State by any of its citizens, in discharge of all
debts due by the State to its citizens," and they
had not supposed it was the intention of the House
" to establish a preference between a soldier's,
officer's, or citizen's evidence, or certificate of a
debt." '

1 Ibid.

Address to Lafayette,

The Legislature of Maryland passed an act at this
session incorporating Samuel Hughes, William Au-
gustine Washington, Henry Lee, Charles Carroll of
Carrollton and others, under the name of ** the Pro-
prietors of the Susquehanna Canal," for the purpose
of " making the river Susquehanna navigable from
the line of this State to tide-water." The Company
were to meet, February 3, 1784, at Havre de Grace,
to elect officers, and they were to cut a canal at
Love Island, continuing the same to tide-water in
Susquehanna River.'

The Assembly now began to have but one session
a year, as there were no extra calls on them from
1783 to 1787, when a second session was required
for the business of the Federal Convention. On the
1st of November, 1784, Thomas Stone was the one
punctual Senator, when the Assembly met, and un-
til the 4th he was the only one who made his ap-
pearance, Charles Carroll of Carrollton joining him
on that day. It was not until the 24th, however,
that a quorum was formed. Charles Carroll then
resigned his office of President of the Senate, and
George Plater was elected. The new Governor of
Maryland, elected at this time, was William Paca.
Charles Willson Peale's portrait of Washington,
which had been ordered by the Assembly in 1781,
was finished, and hung up in the Senate Chamber
in 1784.

An address was to be prepared by a joint com-
mittee of both Houses, to be presented to General
Lafayette, and John Henry, Charles Carroll of Car-
' Laws of Maryland, 1783.

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CJiarles Carroll of Carrollton.

rollton, and Daniel Carroll were the Senators ap-
pointed for this purpose, while Charles Carroll was
the Senator selected to unite with the delegation
from the House who were to present the address.
There was a conference of the two Houses to con-
sider the proposed alteration in the 8th Article of
the Confederation, making the number of inhabi-
tants, under certain modifications, the measure of
the contribution of each State, and Charles Carroll
of Carrollton was one of the Senate conferrees.

The scheme for opening and extending the navi-
gation of the Potomac occupied the attention of the
Assembly at this session, and members of each
House were appointed to confer with commissioners
from Virginia, on this subject. The Senators nomi-
nated were Thomas Stone, Samuel Hughes, and
Charles Carroll. The conference took place at An-
napolis, the 22d of December, and Generals Wash-
ington and Gates represented Virginia's interests,
Washington being chairman of the meeting. Reso-
lutions were adopted, to be submitted to the Legis-
latures of Virginia and Maryland, which resulted in
the act passed some days later, establishing anew
the Potomac Company, which had been suffered to
languish during the Revolution. General Washing-
ton was chosen President of the Potomac Company,
and Virginia and Maryland each were to subscribe
for fifty shares of its stock. A road was to be built
forty miles in length, from the headwaters of the
Potomac to those of the Ohio and the two States
were to direct a survey of this route.'

' Pickell's " History of the Potomac Company,' pp. 44, 64.

■'^%ai„

Commercial Compact Secured.

ap-

was

tion

ress.

con-

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navi-
3f the

each
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nomi-
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AcomtTiittce from both Mouses was appointed on
tlie 31st of December, to confer on several matters
of importance, notably, the most effectual means of
carrying into effect the act of Congress imposing
the duty of five per cent., and the acts for the ap-
pointment of delegates to regulate the trade of the
United States, and the proper powers to be vested
in them.

The following protest was made by Charles Car-
roll of CarroUton, January 13th, against the *' Act
to establish funds to secure the pa)'ment of the
State debt within six years, and for the punctual
payment of the annual interest thereon " :

" Dissentient : Because the credit of five years allowed
to the purchasers of confiscated British property is too
long, considering the indulgence which hath been already
given, and the facility of paying afforded them by the
bill, in permitting all kind of certificates to be received
as specie in payment of their purchases.

Because the suffering without good cause so large a
part of the principal of the State debt to remain unpaid
for five years, is sacrificing unreasonably the interest of
the creditors of the State to the convenince and ease of
its debtors, and exhibits an awkward and bungling
scheme of finance, by protracting unnecessarily the re-
ceipt of interest from the debtors, and the payment of
interest to its creditors, both which operations, might
cease two years sooner on the extinguishment of the
principal of the debt, or in proportion to that extin-
guishment.

Because good policy requires, that a State should not
defer to a longer period the payment of its debts, when
they might without oppression be cancelled in a shorter.

VOL. II — 6

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Because no reason has been assigned for allowing five
years credit to the purchasers aforesaid, other than the
mere will of the House of Delegates, the dictates of
which, if unsupported by argument, ought not to induce
the Senate, contrary to their judgment, to assent to a
bill, i)artial in its operations and injurious in its conse-
quences, especially as the strongest presumption arises,
that when no good reasons are adduced in support of a
favorite measure, the promoters of it are actuated by
motives improper to be avowed.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'"

Intimately connected with the project of opening
and extending the navigation of the Potomac River,
were the questions still unadjusted, of the jurisdic-
tion of this river and the Pocomoke, the boundary
streams between Maryland and Virginia, and the
jurisdiction of Chesapeake Bay, with the regulation
of tolls, etc. Four Commissioners were appointed
by the Maryland Assembly, at this session, to meet
Commisioners from Virginia and draw up regula-
tions for these purposes. The instructions of the
Marylanders were to be prepared by a joint com-
mittee of both Houses, and the Senators selected to
draft them were Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
Daniel Carroll and George Gale. The Commission-
ers named were Thomas Johnson, Thomas Stone,
Samuel Chase, and Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer,
and they were to meet such Commissioners as Vir-
ginia should appoint, at Alexandria, on the 21st of
March next, or at any other time and place more

' yoto-nal of till' Maryland Senate.

■^n..

Ba)ik Stock Controversy.

convenient to tlie Virginians. Tiiis Commission or
Convention met at Alexandria, Virginia, and ad-
journed to " Mount Vernon " ; and there the com-
mercial compact was consummated between Mary-
land and Virginia, which was the first step in the
process that led to the Convention of 1787, with the
resulting changes in the character of the union be-
tween the Thirteen States effected by the Federal
Constitution.

Thomas Stone, not satisfied with the verdict of
the preceding session on the rejection of his answer
to Charles Carroll's " Dissentient," brought tie mat-
ter up again at this time. Having explained that
he had been called from the Senate at its spring ses-
sion of 1783, by urgent business, before he could do
more than give notice of his intention to protest,
and been disabled by sickness from attending the fall
session, his plea was allowed, and his " Answer to the
Protest of the Hon. Charles Carroll of Carrollton "
was entered on the Senate records. It takes up
five and a half of the journal's quarto pages. It
was then agreed that Charles Carroll should have
the privilege of making a reply.

While thus divided in opinion with his former
ally, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll saw himself
forced to take up a position of antagonism to an-
other early political friend and colleague, Samuel
Chase. This was in connection with the latter's
agency in England to adjust the controversy over
the bank stock. Letters from Chase were read in the
Senate on the 30th of November, and referred to
the House, Charles Carroll being appointed to carry

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them there. A few days later a resolution came
from the House of Delegates testifying their ap-
proval of the conduct of the State's agent. But
when, on the 14th of September, the Senate voted
to concur in this resolution, there were two dissent-
ing voices heard, those of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton, and Edward Lloyd. Mr. Chase then appeared
in the Senate, and answered questions that were put
to him respecting the bank stock. On the 30th of
December there was a conference between the two
Houses on the act of Assembly concerning the
Bank of England, and the most eligible plan for
recovering the stock, and Thomas Stone, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton, Daniel Carroll and William
Hindman were the Senate conferrees. The resolu-
tion respecting Samuel Chase was finally made the
oruer of the day for January 14th, but it was then
postponed, and a message was sent to the House,
Charles Carroll, Daniel Carroll, and Edward Lloyd
voting against it. The message said :

" Gentlemen, . . . We will agree to a resolve to
advance to Mr. Chase the sum of ;^5oo on account of
the bank stock, to be applied to the payment of the agent's
commission, if the bank stock or part of it is received ;
and if no part of the bank stock is received upon which
the agent is to draw a commission, then to be accounted
for."

The two Carrolls and Edward Lloyd gave notice
that they would protest against this message.
When the order of the day was resumed, the reso-
lution approving of Samuel Chase's agency was read

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Maryland's Agent Censured.

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a second time and dissented to. The resolution to
advance five hundred pounds to Mr. Chase was
determined in the negative, by a majority of one,
Charles Carroll, of course, opposing it. The protest
against the message of the 14th was read in the
Senate, January 17th.

Dissentient^ Because the message holds up an opinion
that the agency of Mr. Chase is still in continuance, and
that he is entitled to draw a commission of four per cent,
on the bank stock, whenever it shall be received ; an
opinion we conceive to be erroneous, as we apprehend
the law not to be now in force, under which he was
appointed and commissioned, that law being of a tempo-
rary nature, and confined to objects not now attainable,
without a communication of new and more ample
powers.

The only powers given to the late agent, by the act of
April session 1783, are reducible to these: A power to
call on the former trustees of the bank stock to surrender
up to him their trust, and to render an account of the
faithful execution thereof, to transfer and assign to the
agent, or his assigns, the whole of the bank stock, and to
account for and pay unto him any dividends, not invested
in stock, and on payment, or receipt, to pay the trustees
their commission and give them a discharge or acquit-
tance. These were the principal objects of the law ;
the other powers, thereby imparted, viz., to sell the bank
stock, to place the money in a banker's hands, and to
pay certain bills of exchange, were entirely dependent
on the agent's receiving a transfer of the bank stock, and
without such transfer being made to him, could not be
executed.

The usual words in conferring a power to sue, are not

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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to be met with in the act ; and the omission of them is
accounted for by the agent, who has admitted, that
neither the Legislature, or he himself, who was a mem-
ber of it, who probably drew, or took a principal part in
drawing the bill, had in view at the time the propriety or
necessity of suing the trustees, or foresaw that a suit
would be instituted by any one of them against the
agent.

From the omission in the act of the usual words,
demand, sue and recover, and from the intention of the
Legislature, as admitted by the agent, we infer that no
authority was given to him by the act to sue the trustees,
to obtain a transfer of the bank stock. If then the agent
had no authority to sue, a naked power only was imparted
to him, to call on the trustees to surrender up their
trust, and transfer to him the bank stock ; this he re-
peatedly required one of the trustees to perform, and
his request was as often evaded, or denied by that
trustee.

No power of compromising, or of sueing, having been
entrusted to the agent, it should seem, that when a irans-
fer of the bank stock had been refused, except upon
conditions, which he was not authorised to accept, the
object of his commission was at an end. It may indeed,
and has been contended, that the agent might return
again to London and make another application for a
transfer of the bank stock, and on payment give a dis-
charge, and that therefore the act, under which he was
appointed, is still in force.

Every construction given to an act of the Legislature
ought to be reasonable ; is the construction contended
for, to prove the act to be in force, a reasonable one ?
Would the agent act rationally in returning to London
to apply again for a transfer of the stock, without com-

''!^

His Commission Not in Force.

patent powers to enforce the application ? Could the
General Assembly reasonably require him to undertake
a second voyage on so fruitless an errand ?

The agent having exceeded his power in filing a bill
in the English Court of Chancery against the trustees,
and other claimants of the stock, to obtain a partial
transfer of it, and being disappointed in the expectation,
that a partial transfer, at least, would be decreed by the
Chancellor to be made to him, considered his agency as
closed, and has pointedly delivered this sentiment in his
letter from London to the Governor, of the 14th of
August last in these words : " Enclosed is a copy of my
letter to Mr. Pitt, and of my instructions to my solicitors
respecting their management of my suit against the
trustees and other claimants of the stock, until they receive
the directions of the General Assembly. Having thus cofi-
cluded my agency, I shall leave this city on Monday next
for Deal, where I shall immediately embark for An-
napolis."

If the law in question hath expired, and to recover
the bank stock, it should be necessary to appoint, by a
new law, another agent, or reappoint the same person,
with more ample powers, the quantum of the commission
to be avowed such agent, would of course come under
the consideration of the Legislature, and the Senate
might then exercise its judgment in fixing the rate of
such commission, which it will be precluded from doing,
as matters are now conducted. Admitting the agent's
commission, still to be in force, the advance of money is
improper ; the agent having voluntarily undertaken the
agency, knowing that the Governor and the Council were
empowered to allow a commission, not exceeding four
per cent on the net sum to be received by him in full
satisfaction for his trouble, and that no expenses were to

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

be defrayed by the State, in case the bank stock could
not be obtained, and being apprised that the Governor
and the Council gave him the full commission in con-
sideration of the risk, and the expenses he might be
subjected to in the execution of his trust.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

Danikl Carroll,
Edward Llovd.'

The Non-Juror's Bill, or the " act to repeal part of
an act for the better security of government," di-
vided the House and Senate at this session. The
bill was to remove the disability of non-jurors, and
while the House favored it the Senate refused to
pass it. Charles Carroll of Carrollton was the O'lly
member who voted in the affirmative on its «;.'Cond
reading. The act was in line with the liberal policy
he had always advocated in regard to the Tories,
and he did not hesitate to stand alone, among his
colleagues in the Senate, in support of it. When
the bill was returned to the House, the latter re-
sponded, that they were not able to conjecture the
reasons that influenced the Upper Chamber in its
action ; that they had favored the measures, to al-
low non-jurors to hold office and vote at elections,
from principles both of humanity and policy, but
would recede from the first-mentioned provision if
the Senate would consent to the second. A com-
mittee of three, including Thomas Stone and Daniel
Carroll, was appointed by the Senate to answer this
message. When the reply was prepared and put to
the vote, Charles Carroll was again the single mem-

' Ibid.

Tory Disabilities Discussed.

ber voting against the majority. The message,
which was two pages long, said, in part : *' We can
see no benefit at present to be derived to the pros-
perity of the State, from adopting ideas which you
are pleased to call humane^ but apprehending cir-
cumstances may take place, in which the pernicious
effects of your ill-judged tenderness would soon ap-
pear, we cannot coincide with you in the proposed
display of liberality."

The British occupation of the western posts, the
Senate argued, was a menace to the United States,
and the Tories should not expect exemption from
their political disabilities while this was the condition
of affairs: " When the Treaty of Peace is fully exe-
cuted, the Federal Government strengthened, and
we shall receive satisfactory proof of the attachment
of the non-jurors to our Constitution," then, added
the Senate, we will pass the bill. The House re-
plied to this in a long message. " As Your Hon-
ors," they said, " stated the reasons which influenced
your conduct, without any expectation that they
would have any weight with us, you cannot be of-
fended with our assuring you, that your opinion was
well-founded ; and we are inclined to believe, that
your reasons were calculated rather to alarm the
pride and passions of our constituents, than convince
their judgment." A tart and sarcastic rejoinder
went in return from the Senate, January 22d, ap-
proved of by all the members except Charles Carroll
of Carrollton. They made the most of an alleged
error of the House, as to a portion of the bill which
they wished repealed, being void already :

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

" Gentlemen, Having been much instructed by the
matter, and duly impressed with gratitude for the man-
ner of your very polite answer to our message of the 19th
of this month, we cannot refrain from congratulating you
upon the happy discovery made yesterday, that the very
part of the act referred to is void, which but a few days
before you pressed for a repeal of with much seeming
earnestness. . . . However this matter ends, great
credit must be allowed you for your humanity, liberality
and wisdom, but above all, for the great and generous
mind you discover in shifting your position with so much
facility, after the first attempt to accomplish your very
laudable views has not met with merited success, owing
to the opinion of this House, unhappily dictated by the
extremity of folly." '

The English of this paragraph of the Senate's
message is certainly far removed in style from that
to be found in the messages penned by Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton.

The session of the Assembly which opened in No-
vember, 1785, w^as a long one, extending to the 12th
of March, 1786. As usual, Charles Carroll was
promptly in his seat, but he was obliged to wait ten
days, from the 7th to the 17th, before a quorum was
obtained. General Smallwood was elected Gov-
ernor. And among the subjects occupying the at-
tention of the Senate was the measure so strongly
advocated by Charles Carroll at a previous session,
the provision of permanent salaries for the members
of the Judiciary. Daniel Carroll, Thomas Stone,
and Charles Carroll of Carrollton were appointed a

' Ibid.

Assembly Bills Discussed.

committee to prepare a message to the House, say-
ing that the Senate deemed it the duty of the Legis-
lature to pass such a bill at this time. Thomas
Stone, Charles Carroll and one other member were
appointed a committee, the 12th of December, to
prepare a message to go to the House of Delegates,
declining a conference on the subject of Henry Har-
ford's memorial, asking compensation for his losses
as late Proprietary. The Senate thought a confer-
ence needless, and that Mr. Harford should receive
no compensation.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton was then made
chairman of a committee to write a message to the
House on the subject of enlarging the High Court
of Chancery. The House proposed a conference on
the subject, and Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, and
William Perry were named the Senate conferrees.
Other committees upon which Charles Carroll was
placed were : that for amending the bill preventing
the exportation of unmerchantable tobacco ; that
for ascertaining the value of land in the several coun-
ties for purposes of assessment ; and that for draft-
ing the bill for the valuation of personal property.
When a motion was made and carried, that the act
to direct descents be read a second time, Charles
Carroll voted in the negative, and he voted for the
motion that the consideration of the bill be put off
to the next session, and that it be published in the
Baltimore and Annapolis papers.

The bill to repeal part of the Act of Assembly
concerning the admission and qualification of solici-
tors and attorneys, was brought in by Charles Car-

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

roll of Carrollton at this session. And on the subject
of the bank stock, the Senate sent a message to the
House agreeing that the State pay all legal costs,
and the fees paid or to be paid, by the State agent,
Mr. Chase, to attorneys, counsel, etc., in the suits in
the High Court of Chancery of Great Britain re-
specting the bank stock, the five hundred pounds al-
ready advanced the State agent being first applied
to these purposes. On this message, the President
of the Senate, Daniel Carroll, with Charles Carroll
of Carrollton and Edward Lloyd voted in the nega-
tive. The House and Senate were, as usual, at issue
on various questions ; amongst others the proposed
commercial convention between Maryland, Virginia,
Pennsylvania, and Delaware, the Senate thinking
such a Convention derogatory to the dignity of
Congress.

In the messages from the Senate to the House of
Delegates, Charles Carroll of Carrollton was gener-
ally on the committee to draft them. There was
the customary sensitiveness on the subject of money
bills, between the two branches of the Legislature.
" We are fully satisfied," the Senators say on one
occasion, " no inconvenience or mischief would arise
if the Senate could not only amend, but originate
money bills ; but the framers of our Constitution
have thought differently." And they complain of
the embarrassment and delay caused in the public
business, from the Senate's not having the right to
amend money bills ; " we shall be very careful,"
they add, " how we subscribe to the doctrine, that
the bills which you may be pleased to style money

Act to Emit Paper Money.

bills, become really such on that account." On the
6tii of March the act was passed investing the
United States in Congress assembled, with the power
to levy particular duties, for the use of the United
States, on certain enumerated articles, and five per
cent, on all other foreign merchandise imported into
Maryland.'

The Senate met again for the regular fall session,
on the 6th of November, 1786, but it was not until
the 30th that a sufficient number of members were
present to transact business. General Smallwood
was re-elected Governor of the State, and elections
were made in the Senate and for delegatfj in Con-
gress. Then for two months the two branches of
the Legislature disputed over the various questions
that divided them ; the Supply Bill, the Debtor's Bill,
and last but not least, the bill for the emission of
paper money. It was at this session also, that the
commissioners were to be elected to the Convention
in Philadelphia. Edmund Randolph, the Governor
of Virginia, sent a letter to the Maryland Assembly
proposing this Convention "to revise the Confedera-
tion of the United States," and a conference took
place between the House and the Senate on the
subject. The Senate conferrees were Thomas Stone,
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and William Hemsley.
On the 2d of December the " Act for the Emission
of Bills of Credit " was read a second time and unani-
mously rejected. Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll
of Carrollton, and Richard Ridgely were appointed
a committee to prepare a message to the House

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

;

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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giving the Senate's reasons for this action. This
message fills five pages of the printed journal. It
said in part :

•

" Both reason and experience evince that if the bills
of credit proposed to be emitted should depreciate con-
siderably, they will neither relieve the people, or answer
the exigencies of government, but will increase the diffi-
culty on both to procure real money, by adding an arti-
cle of purchase to those which are already the objects
of sale. . . . Your bill would derange our commerce,
banish specie. The cautious and timid would hoard it
up. Considered with a view to commerce as well as
finance, it appears not only useless but injurious. . . .
The foregoing reasons are particularly pointed at your
bill ; some of them indeed apj)ly against paper money
in general, as a circulating medium ; but as the sinking
our quota of the federal domestic debt is an object of
great importance, if any funds can be provided to give
a value to State paper, to be exchanged for the liquidated
paper of Congress, at a reasonable rate, the exchange to
be voluntary with the holder of the continental paper,
and the State paper to be made receivable for the funds
pledged, but not to affect the public engagements, pri-
vate dealings, or the other revenue of the State, we
would agree to adopt such a measure."

The Senate admitted, in their message, that the
situation of the country was critical, and they pro-
posed that the duties on imports should be increased,
and that a moderate direct tax be raised in specie.
On the 6th of January the House of Delegates sug-
gested an adjournment to the 20th of March.
Thomas Stone, John Henry, Charles Carroll, and

■V

Senate Rejects the Bill.

two other members were appointed a committee to
reply to this proposal. They perceived, they said,
with "inexpressible regret," that the House was de-
termined to adjourn, after a session of eight weeks,
when the Continental Treasury was empty, and no
assessment bill had been passed to raise the money
needed for both State and Federal ^; nposes ; no
steps had been taken to raise a troop o{ horse, as
required by Congress, and the dcpn'-ies to mee*- in
Philadelphia had not been appoint^a : " We cannot
accoii, t for your postponing the coiijid^^ration of
these great and interesting subjects, and your ad-
journment to the 20th of March, unless it be to ap-
peal to the people upon the bill for an emission of
paper money which we rejected." After speaking
of the other measures on which they disngreed, the
message says, of the bill above referred to :

" We are satisfied that the bjections to the bill are
unanswerable, and that if the sense of the people could
be fairly collected, the majority would be against the
measure. We are also convinced that the majority
would increase, if time were given to discuss, under-
stand, and form a right judgment on the subject. You
propose to adjourn to a time so short that it is impossi-
ble a deliberate consideration of the question and free
interchange of sentiments can take place."

This message was sent the 20th of January, the
day of the proposed adjournment, and the House
rejoined promptly :

"The length of your message and the communication
of it within a few hours only of the proposed time for

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Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

closing the session, prevents us from making full obser-
vations upon it. We shall only say in reply, that we
have paid every possible attention to the public affairs
of the Union, and the interest and happiness of our
people. You have thought proper to overrule every
material system proposed by us for these purposes, and
have brought forward nothing essential in their stead.
The people must decide upon our conduct and yours,
as to the utility, policy and rectitude of the systems
respectively proposed ; and we trust we can meet our
God and our country with consciences as quiet and un-
disturbed as your own. We repeat our request to close
this session this evening."

The Senate replied, saying that the " system of
an emission of paper money, the only one proposed
by the House, was utterly incompetent to afford the
relief desired," and reminding the Representatives
that it was not the province of the Senate " to point
out ways and means of raising money." The Senate
then ordered that one thousand copies each of the
messages on the subject of the emission of paper
money be printed to be distributed among the peo-
ple, and the Assembly soon afterward adjourned,
but to the 20th of April instead of the 20th of March,
extending the time for the consideration of the
question at issue one month.*

How this agitation in the Assembly affected the
people in the State, is shown in a letter written by
Robert Lemmon, a prominent merchant of Balti-
more, to Councillor Carter of Virginia, March 5th,
1787. Charles Carroll of Carrollton also refers to

' Ibid.

^w \

opposition in the State.

this matter in a letter of his written about the same
time.

" Our dispute respecting an emission of paper money
runs very high. You have, I suppose, heard of the great
differences upon that subject, between the two branches of
our Legistature — how they adjourned without doing any
business of consequence after a session of two months.
The opponents are daily increasing, and I am inclined to
think if an emission takes place, it will be for a small
sum. The schemes of designing men being daily dis-
closed, creates a greater opposition and discovers a large
emission to be intended to serve private, rather than
public usefulness." '

When the Legislature met in April, its two great
objects, said the House in a message to the Senate,
were *' the raising of supplies for Congress and this
government, and the relieving of our people with
respect to their difficulties and distresses on account
of their private debts." The House was to under-
take the first-named measure, and the Senate
was asked to draw up the Debtor's Bill. John
Henry, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and John Hall
were appointed a committee by the Senate to
answer this message, and in their reply they said
they thought the work of drawing up an act for the
relief of debtors, " without interfering with the con-
tracts of individuals," was one of great difficulty,
and they proposed a joint conference on the subject.
The House assented and nominated members for
the purpose, the Senate selecting as conferrees

' Carter Papers, owned by Charles P. Keith.

VOL. II— 7

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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Charles Carroll, John Hall, and William Perry, and
Richard Ridgely was added later. The report of
this conference was brought in by Charles Carroll
of Carrollton, and it stated that it was the opinion
of the conferrees "that the instalment of private
debts is a measure at this time necessary," and " that
the creditor should be obliged to accept of the
proposed instalment from the debtors." Then fol-
lowed fourteen provisions for carrying out the plan
advocated. The law to repeal acts repugnant to
the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain was put into
the hands of a committee of three, George Gale,
Charles Carroll, and John Hall, and Charles Carroll
of Carrollton was named first on the committee of
three who were to prepare a message to go with the
bill to the House. The bank stock difficulty was
approaching solution at this time, the Legislature
resolving that the agent of the State for the recovery
of the bank stock, might with the approbation of
Governor Smallwood, Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
and Thomas Johnson, or any two of them

" compound, settle and agree with the trustees of said
stock, or any other person or persons concerning the
same, on such terms and conditions as they may think
for the advantage of the State, on consideration of the
situation of said stock, present circumstances of this
State, and the benefit that may be derived from a speedy
and reasonable compromise, and that the money arising
from the stock that will remain in this government may
be laid out in such manner as the said gentlemen or any
two of them shall think most beneficial to this State." '

' Journal of the Senate.

Charles CarrolVs Leadership.

The delegates to the Federal Convention in Phila-
delphia were elected by the Maryland Assembly, on
the 23d of April. These were Robert Hanson Harri-
son, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Thomas Stone,
James McHenry, and Thomas Sim Lee. But only
one of these gentlemen accepted the appointment,
and this was James McHenry. And the delegation
as finally elected on the 26th of May, the last day of
the session, consisted of James McHenry, Daniel
of St. Thomas Jenifer, Daniel Carroll, John Francis
Mercer, and Luther Martin. The Senate, this time,
proposed the day of adjournment, in a message of
three lines and a half, May 25th, saying they had
despatched all the business on their table, and had
given the House sufficient time for the preparation
of the Supply Bill, and wished to rise the following
day. The House made a dejected rejoinder.
" Having no hope," they said, " of making adequate
provision to comply with all the demands upon us by
prolonging the session," they would try to finish up
all immediate business that evening.' The spectre
of paper money had been effectually laid, the Senate
having won a decisive victory, a triumph in which
Charles Carroll of Carrollton bore a leading part.
This, is one of the instances alluded to in a former
chapter where, in the words of Judge Taney's bio-
grapher ** the integrity and firmness of the Senate
withstood the unwise course of the more popular
branch," and the issue of paper money proposed by
the House of Delegates, under the leadership of
Samuel Chase was rejected by the Senate " under

> Ibid.

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lOO Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

the lead of Thomas Stone and Charles Carroll of
Carrollton." '

From Charles Carroll's correspondence in these
years, of which, however, not many traces remain,
some knowledge may be gleaned of the more per-
sonal and private side of his life at this period, to
supplement the public record. We find him, June
5, 1784, ordering from his merchants in Marseilles,
" by the first vessel bound from Marseilles to Balti-
more town, 12 dozen quart bottles of your best
Frontignac wine and 500 pounds weight of your
best Turkey coffee." Thus was the wine-cellar de-
pleted doubtless during hostilities, to be stored anew
with foreign vintages, while the smoking beverage
of the breakfast-table was to be the Frenchman's
coffee rather than the Englishman's tea. Among
Charles Carroll's Virginia correspondents were Col.
John Fitzgerald, of Alexandria, and Mr. James
Hunter, of Fredericksburg. To the former he wrote
in 1785-86, on the subject of the Potomac Canal
Company, which then wanted five per cent, on the
subscriptions of its members, and to which Charles
Carroll had subscribed a thousand pounds. Letters
of Robert Carter of " Nomini," written in 1784, 1786,
and 1787, which are extant, relate to the business
of the Baltimore Iron Works, and are replies to let-
ters of Carroll, now lost. They give evidence of the
latter's continued and conscientious interest in his
duties as a shareholder in the Patapsco, or Baltimore
Company.

A scheme in which Charles Carroll of Carrollton

' Tyler's " Life of Roger Brooke Taney," p. 121.

Young Charles Sent Abroad, loi

with many others of his faith were concerned, about
this time, was the project for establishing a Jesuit
College in America, to be located at Georgetown,
then a part of the State of Maryland. *' Proposals "
for this purpose appeared in a prospectus issued
1786-1787, and heading the list of gentlemen in
Maryland who were to solicit subscriptions was the
name of Charles Carroll of Carrollton. In Virginia,
Colonel Fitzgerald and George Brent were appointed
for this purpose, and at New York, Dominick
Lynch. *

In 1785, Charles Carroll sent his son, then a little
over ten years of age, to Europe, to be educated as
his ancestors had been, in the Jesuit schools of
France. The father writes from " Doohoragen "
[sic] July 31st, to Messrs. Wallace, Johnson, and
Muir, merchants in London, and tells his corres-
pondents :

This will be delivered to you by my son whom I have
sent to London on his way to Liege to be there educated
in the English College. ... My cousin, Daniel
Carroll of Duddington will accompany my son to Liege
to see his brother who is now in the English College.
... In a day or two I shall set off from this place to
George Town to see my son embark." "

This embarkation of young Charles was com-
memorated on canvas. And it seems that the child
did not sail from Georgetown, as his father had ex-
pected, but from the Carroll house at Annapolis.

* Shea's " Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll," p. 308.
* Family papers, Rev. Thomas Sim Lee.

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102 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Such, at least, is the tradition, which is supported by
the details in the old picture. The heads are said
to be all portraits. In the family group saying
farewell, are Charles Carroll of Carrollton and his
two daughters, while the dusky face of a negro boy,
the young master's valet and playmate, lends its
distinctive Southern character to the scene. This
negro's son, known to the present generation of the
family, as " Old Patrick," died only a few years ago.
He was a fine specimen of the courteous, well-bred,
kind-hearted, and loyal servant of the house, which
the system of domestic slavery in America produced,
and which " emancipation " has banished from the
continent. " Old Patrick " had many interesting
reminiscences to give of the *' Signer " whom he well
remembered, and at whose funeral he had been a
mourner.

Daniel Carroll of ** Duddington " who accompanied
his young cousin to Liege, was the eldest son of
Charles Carroll of " Duddington " and " Carrolls-
burg," and grandson of the elder Daniel Carroll of
" Duddington." This younger Daniel Carroll had
two brothers, Charles Carroll of *' Bellevue," the one
who was at Liege in 1785, and Henry Carroll. The
following letters were written by Charles Carroll of
Carrollton to his cousin of Duddington, while the
latter was abroad in 1 786-1 787. Daniel Carroll, it
will be seen, had been a suitor for the hand of his
{<C relative, Mary Carroll, and it was a match which
her father evidently preferred to the one she was
about to make. But in young Carroll's absence, an
English rival had succeeded in supplanting him.

Letter to Daniel Carroll.

103

28th May, 1786, Annapolis.
Dear Cousin :

I have received your letters of the 15th November and
1 2th February. You may apply to Mr. Johnson for re-
imbursement of the 18 guineas which your trip to Liege
cost you, and on producing this letter to him I desire
that he will pay you that sum, and charge it to my ac-
count. By your letter of the 12th February, I find you
intended to set out in a few days for France. I make no
doubt you will employ your time in that country in im-
proving yourself and particularly in learning French. I
would not advise too long a residence in Europe. It
will be attended with considerable expense, which your
estate, not being a very productive one, you cannot well
afford. You no doubt will endeavor not only to improve
yourself in the French language, but also by the acquire-
ment of some of the polish of their manners. Observe
the cultivation of the country, particularly of the vine-
yards, and learn the most improved methods of making
wine ; attend also to their manufactures, inquire into
their prices from the manufacturers themselves ; endeavor
to fix some useful correspondences in France. These
observations, and these correspondences may hereafter
turn to account, and in some measure compensate the
expense you have been put to in making them.

Miss Darnall and my daughter join me in sincere
wishes for your health and happiness. Little Kitty grows
a fine girl.

I am your affectionate kinsman
and humble servant,

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

To Daniel Carroll of Duddington, Esq., London.'

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

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104 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

Annapolis, 13th March, 1787.
Dear Cousin :

I am favored with your letter of the 20th September.
As the intelligence I am going to give you may make
some alterations in your plans, although disagreeable, I
must impart it to you. My daughter, I am sorry to in-
form you is much attached to, and has engaged herself
to a young English gentleman of the name of Caton.
I do sincerely wish she had placed her affections else-
where, but I do not think myself at liberty to control her
choice, when fixed on a person of unexceptionable char-
acter, nor would you, I am sure, desire that I should.
My assent to this union is obtained on these two con-
ditions, that the young gentleman shall extricate himself
from some debts which he has contracted, and shall get
into a business sufficient to maintain himself and a family.
These conditions he has promised to comply with, and
when performed there will be no other impediment in
the way of his marriage. Time will wear away the im-
pression which an early attachment may have made on
your heart, and I hope you will find out in the course of
a year or two, some agreeable, virtuous, and sweet-tem-
pered young lady, whose reciprocal affection, tenderness,
and goodness of disposition will make you happy, and
forget the loss of my daughter.

I would advise you to return home next autumn. It
is time you should look after your own affairs ; indeed
these do not suffer from your absence. Your worthy
father-in-law [step-father] is as attentive to and watch-
ful of your interest as you would be yourself, but I know
he wishes you would return as soon as possible. Your
residence in Europe may occasion you to spend more
money than you can well afford, and this expense may
subject you to considerable embarrassment hereafter.

Letter to Daniel Carroll.

105

Your brother Charles is lately arrived ; the ship he
came passenger in was cast away off Cape Hatteras, no
lives lost. Your brother, I believe, will study the law in
this city under Judge Hanson. I have heard lately from
Charley. I am told he begins to apply to his book. I
wish you would endeavor to get information how he
comes on in his studies.

This State is at present a good deal agitated by an
appeal made to the people by the House of Delegates
concerning a bill for a paper emission rejected at the last
session by the Senate. If any dependence can be placed
in reports, a majority of the people will be against an
emission on loan, the plan of the House of Delegates.
The Assembly will meet again the loth of next month,
when this question will be decided.

A convention is to meet at Philadelphia next May for
the purpose of revising the Articles of Corfederation,
correcting its defects, and enlarging the powers of Con-
gress. The meeting, it is thought, will be full, and con-
sist of the first characters in this country.

MissDarnall and Molly desire their kind compliments
to you. Kitty sometimes talks of "Cousin Long-legs."
She is still puny, and often complaining, grows tall, and
if she should hereafter enjoy a better share of health, I
think will make a fine woman.

An insurrection of numbers of malcontents, in the
State of Massachusetts, has been lately suppressed by
the exertions of that government, which 1 hope will in-
crease its energy, and have a good effect in other States,
where similar dispositions might otherwise have occa-
sioned similar cc amotions.

I have mentioned every occurrence worth communi-
cating, and therefore conclude this letter with assurances

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1 06 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

of real regard and attachment. Wishing you health and
happiness, I remain, Dear Cousin
Your affectionate kinsman and very humble servant,
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton.'

Mary Carroll was married, in the fall of this year,
at seventeen years of age to Richard Caton an Eng-
lish gentleman who had settled in Baltimore in 1785,
He became one of the prominent citizens of the
town, entering a mercantile firm for the manufacture
of cotton in 1790, and at one time interesting him-
self in geological researches. Catonsville, a suburb
of Baltimore, bears his name, as it was built up round
the old mansion given to Mary Carroll by her father
on her marriage. " Polly Caton " as her portrait
testifies was very attractive and pretty. She " was
distinguished," says a recent writer, " for the grace
and elegance of her manners as well as for her many
sweet and amiable qualities. She was a particular
favorite of Washington's and one of the most charm-
ing ornaments of the Republican Court." ' She
was the mother of three beautiful women who
married into the English aristocracy and are still
remembered as " The American Graces." A fourth
sister who married in her own country is the only
one, however, who left descendants.

" Kitty Carroll " the little girl who made jokes on
Polly's lover, ** Cousin Long-legs," was sent to the
English Convent at Liege in 1789, when eleven
years of age. Charles Carroll of Carrollton wrote
from New York, July 6, 1789, to Messrs. Wallace,
Johnson, and Muir:

' Ibid, '^ Harper's Magazine, September, 1880.

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Kitty Carroll Goes to Liege,

107

" The last letter which I wrote to your Mr. Jos. John-
son was by my daughter Kitty who sailed from Baltimore
the 20th of May and I hope has safely arrived in London
before this time. I must request Mr. and Mrs. Johnson's
attention and care of my dear little girl while in London,
where her stay, I hope was very short : the maid who
accompanied her Mr. Johnson will be pleased to have
shipped by the first vessel sailing and bound to Mary-
land after Kitty's departure from London, for she is not
to go with Kitty to Liege." '

Joshua Johnson, Charles Carroll's correspondent,
at whose house little Kitty was to stay while in
London, was a Marylander, a brother of Governor
Thomas Johnson.

' Family papers, Rev. Thomas Sim Lee.

CHAPTER IV.

'» '

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ill

IN THE UNITED STATES SENATE.
1787-17./).

THE important business before the Maryland
Senate, at its November session, 1787, was the
new Federal Constitution. A committee of four
appointed to report on the " act of the late Federal
Convention," included Charles Carroll of CarroUton,
and Daniel Carroll of Rock Creek, the latter having
been a member of the Convention where he voted
generally on the side of the " Federalists," the name
claimed by the advocates of the proposed system of
government. Their opponents, however, who feared
that the federal character of the Constitution was
not sufficiently defined in this instrument as re-
ported by the Convention, and desired to see it
amended before it was adopted by the States, as-
serted that the term Federalist more properly
described one who held their views. But a party
cannot always select its own name. So it came
about that the ultra Federalists received the title
of Antifederalists, then were known later as Re-
publicans, and finally under the lead of Thomas

108

Death of Thomas Stone,

109

Jefferson, as Democrats, the name the party still
retains. The committee's report provided that the
Constitution be submitted to a Convention, to be
elected the 3d Monday in January, to meet at
Annapolis the following March, " and if they assent
to and ratify the Constitution, that they give notice
thereof to the Congress of the United States." '
The House submitted other resolutions to the Sen-
ate on this subject, which were finally accepted by
them I place of their own, in order not to protract
the session.

The death of Thomas Stone in October, an-
nounced in the Senate at this time, removed one of
Maryland's strongest men from the political arena,
just at the opening of the new era, and was a great
loss to the Antifederalists among whom he had been
numbered. In the division of sentiment as to the
merits of the Federal Constitution the two parties,
which were soon to be massed in serried ranks as
Federalists and Democrats, took their birth. Here
Charles Carroll of CarroUton separated from some
of his old friends, becoming known as a leader of
the Federalists. And prominent among the Anti-
federalists in Maryland at this period were Samuel
Chase, John Francis Mercer, and Luther Martin.
The latter in an able and impassioned letter widely
circulated through the pu'olic press, gave expression
to the principles of his party, the " Federal Repub-
licans," as they then preferred to style themselves.

Very little business was done in the Senate after
the question of the Convention was settled. Charles

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

1 f

I lo Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

Carroll brought in a report, December the 8th, from
the committee of three to whom was submitted for
amendment the act respecting civil suits and coun-
ty courts. A communication had been received
from Uriah Forrest, Esq., by Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton on behalf of the Senate, and Thomas Johnson
on behalf of the House of Delegates, relating to
the claim of Messrs. Van Staphorst, of Amsterdam,
against the State of Maryland ; and a joint com-
mittee of both Houses was appointed to receive
information from Carroll and Johnson on this sub-
ject. This committee reported that the loan pro-
cured in Holland of 270,000 florins, through the
Messrs. Van Staphorst, was obtained from a number
of individuals in Holland on the credit of the State,
and the Van Staphorsts as agents were not answer-
able, or in any manner security, to the lenders for the
principal of the loan, or interest thereon. And they
declared that it was a mistake to suppose that the
State was indebted to the Messrs. Van Staphorst for
the loan aforesaid. The Senate, on the 15th of De-
cember, sent a message to the House to the effect
that whereas " the continental State money which
was drawn out of the Treasury some time last win-
ter and spring, by order of the Commissioners of the
Treasury of the United States, considerably affected
the revenue and resources of Maryland, and sub-
jected the people to a burthen, etc., measures
should be taken to obviate the consequences of a
proceeding so injurious to our constituents." Charles
Carroll of Carrollton and William Perry were ap-
pointed by the Senate to unite with a committee of

The Maryland Convention.

1 1 1

the House, consisting of Thomas Johnson and three
others, " to investigate the transaction and to report
what steps to pursue for redress." This committee
brought in its report the following day, which was
read and assented to. The Assembly then ad-
journed, December 17th, to meet again the 2d
Monday in May.'

The Maryland Convention, called to vote on the
Federal Constitution, met in Annapolis on the 2 1st
of April. The only account of its proceedings which
has come down to us is that furnished by the Anti-
federalists of the Convention in their ** Address to
the People of Maryland," showing this body to have
been a complete travesty of a deliberative assembly.
A discussion of the Constitution, clause by clause,
was forbidden. Those who were opposed to ratifica-
tion without previous amendments were not per-
mitted even to read these amendments, and the
Federalists obstinately refused to speak in answer to
the objections made by the Antifederalists. Subse-
quent amendments agreed to by a committee consist-
ing of members of both parties, were not reported at
all, though they were read to tht. Convention by its
chairman, George Plater. The efforts of the Anti-
federalist minority to get any hearing at all, or the
slightest regard paid them, proved fruitless ; the
Federalists refusing to have the yeas and nays taken
on the final vote ; " nor would they permit the vote
to be entered on the journal, by which the yeas and
nays were prohibited, to preclude the consideration
of any amendments." "

' Ibid. '^ Elliot's " Debates of State Conventions," vol. ii.

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1 1 2 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Among the prominent men of Maryland in this
Convention who were Antifederalists, were the two
Chases, Samuel and Jeremiah Townley Chase, Will-
iam Paca, William Pinckney, John Francis Mercer,
and Luther Martin ; the last two having been mem-
bers also of the Federal Convention. Another emi-
nent Marylander who desired to see the Federal
Constitution amended before it was riveted upon
the States, was General and Governor William
Smallwood. Samuel Chase wrote to General Lamb
of New York from Baltimore, June 13th, soon after
the adjournment of the Maryland Convention, on
the subject of communications from the society of
the " Federal Republicans." This was an oigani-
zation of Antifederalists banded together in an
effort to secure amendments to the Constitution,
and having their headquarters at New York. " I
believe," wrote Chase, " a very great majority of the
people of this State are in favor of amendments,
but they are depressed and inactive . . . Gov-
ernor Smallwood, Mr. Mercer, Mr. J. T. Chase, our
Attorney-General, and a few more, are decided
against the governm.ent. An attempt will be made
to elect none but Federalists, as they falsely call
themselves to our House of Delegates." '

The effect of the adoption of the Federal Con-
stitution on Maryland's State Constitution, is thus
referred to by one of hei historians. " In several
articles, the 2nd and 8th sections, the new national
Constitution clashed with and repealed provisions
(the 26th and 33d) of the existing Constitution of

' Leake's " Life of Lamb," p. 310.

■«W !■'

Adopts Federal Constihition.

113

Maryland, although adopted by a Convention of the
people assembled by a simple resolution of the Leg-
islature, and followed by no other sanction or ratifi-
cation; a proceeding seemingly subversive of the
59th article of the State Constitution.'" The Ma-
ryland Constitution gave the Governor the entire
control of the militia, of all the land and sea forces
of the State, and also the power to lay embargoes,
etc., during the recess of the Assembly. McSiierry
explains that the statesmen of Maryland probably
" understood the restriction of the 59th article, taken
in connection with the 42nd section of the * Declara-
tion of Rights,' as binding only on the Legislature,
and in no manner interfering with the right of the
people to alter and amend or renew that instrument
by means of a Convention assembled by a simple
resolution — a construction strongly contended for at
the present day (1849). They seem to have consid-
ered, that as a Convention of the people had power
to frame a Constitution at the outset, so a similar
body, under the very theory of the government,
properly constituted, would always have power to
alter or renew it ; and the 42nd and 59th articles sim-
ply provided an additional means and conferred a
new power, by which amendments might be made,
through the Legislature, thereby rendering un-
necessary a too frequent resort to Conventions." '
The Bill of Rights forbade any change except in
the manner to be provided by the Constitution. The
latter declared no alteration could be mnde unless

' McSherry's " History of Maryland," p. 323.

"^ Ibid., p. 330.
vol.. II -8

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1 14 Charles Carroll of Car roll ton.

an act for the purpose " shall pass the General
Assembly and be published at least three months
before a new election, and shall be confirmed by the
General Assembly after a new election," etc. And
there can be no justification given for the course pur-
sued. The Federal Constitution " repealed in effect
one clause of the State Constitution, and took away
from the State a portion of its sovereignty and
nationality." ' Moreover this Federal Constitution
was never properly submitted to the people of the
State, and cannot be said to have received a legal
sanction by constituted authority.

What were the views of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton, on the summary proceedings of the Maryland
Convention do not appear, as none of his corres-
pondence at this time has been preserved. He was
promptly in his seat in the Maryland Senate at its
May session. A letter was received from George
Plater, president of the Convention, May 15th,
enclosing '* the resolve and ratification of the Federal
government." On the 23d Charles Carroll brought
in the insolvent debtor's bill, which repealed a
former act on the subject, and revived another
one, entitled, ** Act for the relief of insolvent debt-
ors." ' After some routine business, the Assembly
adjourned.

The Maryland Senate met again, and for the last
time, under the more elastic, and in many respects
" more perfect " union represented by the Articles
of Confederation, November 3d, 1788. The first
business of importance was the election of Senators

' Ibid. * Journal of the Senate.

\ '.

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Senator for the Western Shore. 1 1 5

to sit in the newly organized Federal Congress.
John Henry, George Gale, Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton and Uriah Forrest were put in nomination,
two for the Eastern and two for the Western Shore.
John Henry was elected Senator for the Eastern
Shore on the second ballot, and on the third ballot
Charles Carroll of Carrollton was elected the Sena-
tor for the Western Shore. The Incorporating
Bill, or " Act to incorporate certain persons in every
Christian Church or congregation throughout this
State," was committed for amendment to John
Henry, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, and three
others, on the i ith, of December, and was brought in
as amended, by Henry, two days later. Charles Car-
roll was made chairman of a committee of three
who were to draw up a message to the House of
Delegates on the subject of an act to lay a further
tax on the people of Harford County to complete
the public buildings of said county. A message
from the House was received on the 19th in refer-
ence to the Incorporating Bill. It was thought to
be a subject too complicated, and of too great
importance for hasty action, and the House pro-
posed that it be published for the consideration of
the people. This bill takes up four pages of the
Senate's journal. The only other matter of moment
coming before the Assembly at this time, was the
act to cede ten miles square for the seat of the
Federal Government. The Legislators adjourned
on the 23d of December, in time for the Christmas
holidays.*

' ibid.

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1 1 6 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

The first Congress of the United States under
the new Constitution met in the city of New York,
April, 1789. This Union of 1789, which replaced
the Union under the Articles of Confederation, as
that had succeeded to the unwritten compact be-
tween the colonies formed at the outbreak of the
Revolution, and existing on the promulgation of
the Declaration of Independence, was instituted by
the States for the purpose, as Luther Martin ex-
pressed it in the Federal Convention, of support-
ing and upholding these governments. It was to
sustain their dignity and give them a common agent
in their intercourse with foreign powers. " The
American Confederacy," wrote a Federalist of 1818,
** is constituted by the union of 20 States, each
in itself separately considered sovereign and inde-
pendent, and having its own executive, legislature,
judiciary, local constitution and laws."* And a
Federalist in 1833, describing the government, and
the origin of political parties speaks of the United
States in 1788 as "thirteen independent sovereign-
ties," who '* called into the deliberative Assemblies
of the time all the able men of the country" for
the purpose of voting upon a Constitution which
would unite them, it was thought, in a compact
more conducive to the happiness and prosperity
of these States than that under which they were
then living. '* It is believed " he adds, " that a large
majority of the thinking men were decided that
there must be some confederation of the States."

'"Letters from Washington on the Constitution and Laws,"
Washington, 18 19.

Federal Hall in New York.

117

^aws,

He complains that those ** who were in favor of
adopting the proposed Confederation " were stigma-
tized by Jefferson as " monarchists " and " dis-
unionists." *

It was as a Federah'st then, as Federalism was
understood by its friends during his life time, that
Charles Carroll of Carrollton appeared in the United
States Senate in 1789. The City Hall in New York,
corner of Wall and Nassau streets, was fitted up
for the sessions of Congress, and called Federal
Hall. The House of Representatives met in a room
on the first floor, and the Senate Chamber was
upstairs. There were also galleries on the second
floor, two belonging to the House of Representa-
tives, and one, an iron gallery communicating by
an ante-room with the Senate Hall. The building
contained in addition several rooms, for committees,
a library, etc. The New York " Register for 1789"
gives us the place of residence of the Senators and
Representatives. Charles Carroll had rooms at ** 52
Smith Street," and in the same house with him
were the Maryland Representatives, Daniel Carroll,
William Smith and George Gale. Carroll's col-
league in the Senate, John Henry had rooms at
•'27 Queen Street.'"

As the Senate sat with closed doors through these
first years of its existence, we must look for accounts
of its proceedings, to private memoirs and corres-
pondence. The number of Senators did not then

' Sullivan's " Familiar Letters on Public Characters," pp.

27, 31.
"Griswold's '* Republican Court," pp. 120-166.

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1 1 8 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

exceed eighteen. Charles Carroll took his seat,
Monday, April 13th, and was added on this day to
the Judiciary Committee.' John Henry arrived
April 20th. From the invaluable " Journal " of
William Maclay, one of the Senators from Penn-
sylvania, we get the only detailed description pre-
served of the Senate debates from April 1789 to
March 1791, and through this source Charles Car-
roll's record may be traced during the two years
he was a member of this body. Maclay *s first entry
was made April 24th. A subject agitating Con-
gress at this the beginning of a new and untried
course, was that of titles of honor. What titles, if
any, should be bestowed upon the President and
other dignitaries of the government ? John Adams
and Richard Henry Lee came prominently forward
in favor of titles, and Charles Carroll of Carrollton
showed in the discussion this day that he was
opposed to them." The question whether Congress
should, at the Inauguration of the President, accom-
pany him to St. Paul's Church and attend divine
service, was opposed by Maclay, and carried ** by
the Churchmen," as he says, on the 27th. " Carroll "
he adds, " though he had been the first to speak
against it, yet was silent on this vote. This proves
him not the man of firmness which I once thought
him." '

Charles Carroll no doubt, showed good sense as
well as courtesy in not further opposing a religious

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

■^Joiinialof William Maclay, p. i. 1789-1791. New York, 1890.

^ Ibid.^ p. 4.

Washington s hiauguration.

119

was

service advocated by a majority of his fellow Sena-
tors. The great day arrived, the 30th of April, and
the sturdy, plain-spoken Democrat from Pennsyl-
vania, an abhorer of ceremonies and etiquette, gives
an amusing and graphic recital of the Senate's de-
liberations, as to how they should receive the Presi-
dent, and whether they should stand or sit during
his address. Lee and Izard bring forward the Eng-
lish precedents, and the Vice-President " this son of
Adam " for whom Maclay had a special aversion has
a few words to say also. Then, adds the journalist
*' Mr. Carroll got up to declare that he thought it of
no consequence how it was in Great Britain ; they
were no rule to us, etc." Maclay goes on to de-
scribe the coming in of the Speaker and the House
of Representatives, amidst some confusion ir^ the Sen-
ate, and how they wait an hour and more for the
President, because the Senate committee had neg-
lected to go after him. Finally he comes in, bowing
right and left, advancing between the Senate and
Representatives. The Vice-President rose and told
him he should take the oath, which he does on the
balcony. Then they return into the Senate Cham-
ber, and all are seated, and when the President rises
to address them all rise. Washington is much em-
barrassed and rather ungainly in his gestures. From
the hall they go to St. Paul's Church where prayers
are said by Bishop Provoost. The Senate then re-
turn to their Chamber and continue their session.
They took up the President's address, which John
Adams calls ** his most gracious speech," an expres-
sion strongly disapproved of by Maclay. A com-

' J

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i I

1 20 Charles Carroll of Carroll Ion.

mittee of three, consisting of William S. Johnson of
Connecticut, William Paterson of New Jersey and
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, was appointed to pre-
pare an answer to the address.' Charles Carroll had
established his reputation as a clear and forcible
writer, and it is noticeable here as in the councils of
his own State that when important papers were to
be drafted his vigorous pen was called into requisi-
tion.

On the 5th of May the weighty question as to
how bills were to be sent to the other House was
discussed for two hours. The House of Representa-
tives had offended the Senate by sending them a
bill in a letter, instead of despatching it by a mem-
ber of their body, and now that the bill prescribing
the oath was to go to the House, a motion was
made that it should be carried by the Secretary.
Maclay thought that this was a bad way of sending
bills as it interrupted business, and if the Senate
wanted to retaliate in kind the bill should be put in
a letter, but the most friendly and cordial way for
the two Houses to carry on their intercourse was
through members, as in the State Legislatures. The
motion was carried, however, against Maclay and his
adherents. " Ellsworth was with us," he writes,
'* and so was Mr. Carroll, but he concluded with say-
ing he would this time vote for the Secretary to go
down with the bill." "^ The committee appointed to
prepare a reply to the President's address made its
report on the 7th of May.

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.
' Journal of William Maclay, p. 19.

Reply to the President's Speech. 1 2 1

** One part was objected to which stated the United
States to have been in anarchy and confusion, and the
President stepping in and rescuing them. A very long
debate. The words were struck out. Mr. Lee offered
part of a sentence, which, I thought filled the sentence
with propriety. It was however lost. Mr. Paterson of-
fered a clause * rescued us from evils /wpending over us.
This was carried ; but half the Senate nearly made sour
faces at it. Mr. Ellsworth said it was tautological, but
seemed at a loss as to mending it. I rose, ... I ad-
mitted that there appeared something tautological in the
words, and it was not easy to mend them consistent with
elegant diction, but, if the first syllable was taken from
the word ////pending it would then stand * evils pending
over us.' The objection would be obviated, but I would
not say the language would be eloquent. But, since I
was up, I could not help remarking that I thought the
whole clause improper ; that to state the whole Union
as being in anarchy or under impending ruin was sancti-
fying [sanctioning ?] the calumnies of our enemies, who
had long labored in the foreign gazettes to represent us
as a people void of government. It was fixing a stain on
the annals of America, for future historians would appeal
to the transactions of this very day, as a proof of our dis-
ordered circumstances." *

The speech was then again put in the hands of
the committee, " for the purpose of dressing it."
And Maclay adds later :

" The committee returned with the message, and it really
read vastly better, and was altered in the exceptional
phrases. In one place, speaking of the Government, it

' Ibid,, p. 20.

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1 2 2 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

•
mentioned 'dignity and splendor* I submitted it to the
gentlemen who had the amending of it whether * respecta-
bility ' was not better than splendor. Mr. Carroll of the
committee, did not defend the word * splendor,' but said
* respectability ' had been used before if he recollected
right. Mr. Paterson said it sounded much better than
' respectability,' and rounded the period. Dr. Johnson
said 'splendor' signified in this place the highest perfec-
tion of government. These were the three members of
the committee. I mentioned that if the word respectabil-
ity had been used immediately before, it would be im-
proper ; that dignity alone, I thought, expressed all that
was wanted. As to the seeking sounding names and
pompous expressions I thought them exceptionable on
that very account, and that no argument was necessary
to show it ; that different men had a train of different
ideas raised by the same word ; that ' splendor ' when
applied to government, brought into my mind, instead of
the highest perfection, all the faulty finery, brilliant
scenes, and expensive trappings of royal government, and
impressed my mind with an idea quite the reverse of re-
publican respectability, which I thought consisted in firm
and prudent councils, frugality and economy." '

But the word " splendor " was allowed to remain,
much to the gratification ri the Vice-President, as
Maclay observes, who with "joy in his face," rose
in the chair and repeated twice over '* he hoped the
government would be supported with dignity and
splendor'' In this address to the President, he was
thanked for his speech, and the country congratula-
ted " on the complete organization of the Federal

' Ibid., p. 22.

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Carroll Opposed to Titles.

123

Government " ; and reference was made to the
"great events which led to the formation and estab-
lishment of a Federal Government." ' The words
" National Government " by which the modern suc-
cessors of the Federalists now designate the confeder-
ation of the United States were not in the political
vocabulary of the makers of the Constitution.

When the subject of titles was brought up again,
some surprising things were said on the topic of kings
and monarchical government. Oliver Ellsworth de-
claring **that kings were of divine appointment,"
Maclay, of course, opposed this anti-republican senti-
ment. " Mr. Carroll rose," he says, " and took my
side of the question. He followed nearly the track
I had been in, and dwelt much on the information
that was now abroad in the world [diminishing the
veneration for titles.] He spoke against kings." '
Ellsworth, Carroll and Few were appointed on the
nth, a committee to consider and report on the
mode of carrying into effect the section of the Con-
stitution classing the members of the Senate, and
fixing their terms of ofifice. They gave in their -e-
port two days later. John Henry was put in the
first class of Senators and Charles Carroll into the
third. Then lots were drawn, and among those who
vacated their seats at the end of the second year
were William Maclay and Charles Carroll of Carrol-
ton."* On the evening of the nth, of May, some
of the legislators were in attendance at the theatre.

' History of Congress, vol i. Senate.
* Journal of William Maclay, p. 24.
' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

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124 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

It was Washington's first appearance in public since
his elevation to office, and he invited William Maclay
and others to seats in his box.' His guests on this
occasion included the Governor of New York,
George Clinton, the French and Spanish ministers,
the Count de Moustier and Don Diego Gardoqui,
the Senators from New Hampshire, Connecticut,
Pennsylvania and South Carolina, and the Senators
from ** M," probably meaning Maryland, as the Presi-
dent would doubtless wish to distribute his favors
equally, between the Eastern, Middle, and Southern
States. There were also some ladies in the box, we
are told ; Mrs. George Clinton, most likely, the Gov-
ernor's wife, the Marchioness de Brehan, sister of
the French Minister, and the beautiful Mrs. Ralph
Izard, with other women of the official circle. We
can fancy John Henry and Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton a part of the brilliant company on this gala
night. The play was the " School for Scandal," and
the farce the " Old Soldier." "

Titles came up again for discussion on the morn-
ing of the 14th. This " base business," as Maclay
calls it, had gone so far that a title for Washington
had been reported some days before by the Titles
Committee *' His Highness the President of the
United States of America and Protector of the
Rights of the Same." But the House of Representa-
tives had firmly refused to concur in the report,
and both Houses had in effect rejected titles. Yet
a motion was made that this report in favor of titles,

' Griswold's " Republican Court," p. 164.
' Journal of William Maclay, p. 30.

Report of Committee Tabled.

125

blic since
m Maclay
ts on this
;w York,
ministers,
Sardoqui,
inecticut,

Senators
the Presi-
his favors
Southern
e box, we
y the Gov-

sister of
rs. Ralph
cle. We
II of Car-

this gala
dal," and

he morn-
s Maclay
ishington
he Titles
of the
of the
presenta-
le report,
lies. Yet
of titles,

which had been laid on the table, should be entered
on the files of the Senate. Charles Carroll opposed
this, and was seconded by William Maclay. The
latter writes :

" Mr. Carroll expressed great dislike at the forepart of
the motion, which stated the acts of the Senate to be in
favor of titles, when, in fact, no such resolution ever had
passed the Senate. . . . Mr. Carroll declared that
the idea held forth was that the Senate were for titles,
but it was well known they were not all for titles. He
was opposed, and so were sundry other gentlemen. He
wished only for a fair question, that it might be seen who
were for them and who were not. He wished the yeas
and nays and let the world judge." '

But he failed to carry his point in getting the
names declared of the title-coveting members.
When the address to the President was to be signed,
" a might)'' difficulty was signified from the chair
and the wisdom of the House called on to determine
if the Chair had done right." Mr. Adams had
hitherto signed his '"ame "John Adams, Vice-Presi-
dent," but 't v'.is : J President of the Senate he was
known in thr.t House, said Maclay, and it was in that
character ht stiould sign his name to the acts of the
Senate. " Mr. Carroll got up and said \ bought it
a matter of indifference, and concluded that he
agreed it should be signed ' Vice-president.' His
looks, I thought, betrayed dissent. But the god-
dess of good-nature will apologize for th.s slight aber-
ration from sentimental rectitude. He has for some

^ I6cd., pT.', 35 36.

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1 26 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

time past been equally with myself opposed to the
opinions of the Chair, and this was his peace-offer-
mg.

On the 19th, Charles Carroll of Carrollton was ap-
pointed one of a committee of three to revise the
journal of the Senate for publication," in which
undertaking these gentlemen were to expunge all
but the barest statements of results — all debates
which would have given the record character and
color. They Httle knew that the " journal " was to
be given to their posterity a hundred years later u\
a guise they could never have contemplated. In a
discussion on the tariff, the Impost Bill as it was
called, the question of a discrimination in favoi of
nations having commercial treaties with the United
States, came up. May 26th. ** I declared for the
discrimination," writes Maclay ; " Mr. Carroll rose
on the same side with me." The particular point
was, whether the five cents per gallon on Jamaica
spirits, in favor of France, should be stricken from
the bill. Many opposed all commercial treaties,
some objected to this special discrimination as likely
to offend Great Britain, declaring commercial war
with her. ** Mr. Langdon spoke," adds Maclay,
" and seemed to be of our opinion. I did not hear
a *no' however, on the question but Mr. Carroll's
and my own." ' The subject nearest the heart of
the New Englanders, it seems, was the duty on mo-
lasses. They wanted it struck out altogether, or

^ Ibid., p. 39.

* History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

^Journal of William Maclay, pp. 51, 52.

Debate on the hnpost Bill.

127

i to the
ce-offer-

was ap-
vise the
I which
inge all
debates
:ter and
" was to

later u\
d. In a
3 it was
favoi of

United

foi* the
oil rose
ar point
Jamaica
en from

reaties,
is likely

ial war
Maclay,

ot hear
"arroll's
leart of

on mo-

ler, or

greatly reduced, and Maclay thought, to prevent
them from striking at anything else in retaliation,
the duty should be reduced to four cents per gallon.
" All ran smooth," he writes of the debate on the
26th, " till we came to the molasses. Till quarter
after three did the New England members beat this
ground, even to the baiting of the hook that caught
the fish that went to buy the molasses." '

At length the duty was reduced from five cents to
four. But on the following day, immediately after the
minutes were read, Caleb Strong of Massachusetts,
astonished the Senate by getting up and beginning
*' a long harangue on the subject of molasses. One
looked at another. Mr. Carroll had taken his seat
next to me. Several of the gentlemen murmured.
At last Mr. Carroll rose and asked pardon for inter-
rupting any gentleman, but said that matter had
been determined yesterday." The Vice-President,
however, sustained Strong, on some untenable,
technical ground, and it was evident to Maclay that
ihe point had been agreed on between Adams and
the New England Senators, in order to secure a
greater reduction of the duty. But the question was
postponed until the following day, Maclay in the
meantime arming himself for the fray, getting statis-
tics from his friends for " the war on molasses." He
arrived at the hall of the Senate before any one else.
" Langdon, Carroll and the Vice-President came,"
and the four *-alked together informall)^ before the
Se nate opened :

Ibid., p. 52.

128 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

" The discourse was general on the subject of govern-
ment. * If our new government does well,' said our
Vice- President, * I shall be more surprised than ever I
was in my life.' Mr. Carroll said he hoped well of it ;
it would be sufficiently powerful. ' Jf it is,' said Mr.
Adams, * I know not from whence it is to arise. It can-
not have energy. It has neither rewards nor punish-
ments.' Mr. Carroll replied the people of America were
enlighter'^d. Information and knowledge would be the
support t; ^'* Mr. Adams replied, information and
knowledge »- v, not the sources of obedience; that
ignorance wab a aiuch better source." '

^»

'
'

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When the Senate met, after various other articles
had been taken up and disposed of, Richard Henry
Lee and William Grayson, the two Senators from
Virginia, opposing protective duties generally, the
molasses conflict was declared on again. The Presi-
dent of the Senate then made such an extraordinary
speech, concluding " that after the four cents had
been carried it was in order to move for any lower
sum," that " somebody whispered he ought to get
his wig dressed." * But the controversy ended, for
the time being, leaving the duty four cents, as be-
fore determined. When the Senate met on the
29th, after steel nails, spikes, etc., the article of salt
came under consideration : " Up rose Mr. Lee, of
the Ancient Dominion . . . He concluded a
lengthy harangue with a motion for twelve cents,
which in his opinion was vastly too low. He was
seconded by Mr. Carroll of Maryland. Ellsworth

' Ibid., p. 54.

^ Ibid., p. 56.

Duties on Stigar and Salt.

129

govern-

said our

.n ever I

ell of it ;

said Mr.

It can-

punish-
rica were
Id be the
tion and
ce ; that

r articles
d Henry
Drs from
ally, the
le Presi-
ordinary
;nts had
\y lower
to get
ded, for
as be-
on the
of salt
-ee, of
uded a
cents,
-le was
sworth

56.

rose for an augmentation, but said if twelve was
lost he would move for nine. Lee, Carroll, Ells-
worth and Mr. Morris, speakers, in favor of the aug-
mentation." ' William Maclay, with Ralph Izard
and William Few, spoke against the augmentation,
maintaining that as salt was such a necessary of
life it should be " touched with a gentle hand, if
at all." Thomas Fitzsimons, one of the Represen-
tatives from Pennsylvania, a Roman Catholic, and
a personal friend of Charles Carroll's, had furnished
the latter, it seems, with " the documents which he
had collected on the subject of revenue, as well
respecting Pennsylvania as the Union in general."

On the 3rd of June, Robert Morris, Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton, John Langdon, George Read, and
Richard Henry Lee were appointed a committee
to report the mode of communicating the acts of
Congress " to the several States in the Union," and
the number necessary for that purpose. The report,
which was brought in the following day, provided
that in ten days after passing the act, twenty-two
printed copies be lodged with the President, and he
be requested to send two to each of the " supreme
Executives in the several States." " The " Union "
at this time consisted of eleven States only. North
Carolina and Rhode Island having remained in the
old Confederation from which the other States had
seceded. Maclay tells of an amusing scene in the
Senate on the 4th, when titles were again on the
carpet. The discourse was on the question of styl-

1 Ihid., p. 57, 58.

'^ History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

,(i

VOL. II — 9

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■'Miigga'"j?-..'e'miww!]!wjiim'i

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1 30 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

ing the members "honorable" in the minutes, a
" most serious affair," as the Vice-President declared.
He wanted "right honorable," and Lee seconded
him : " Up now rose Grayson, of Virginia, and gave
us volley after volley against all kinds of titles what-
ever. Louder and louder did he inveigh against
them. Lee looked like madness. Carroll and my-
self exchanged looks and laughs of congratula-
tion." '

When the Impost Bill was taken up soon after,
the N<' iLnglanders were for reducing the duty on
molasses to three or two cents per gallon. Maclay
and oi^^ers ^ oke against the reduction. " I must
not omit," says Maclay, " that Carroll got up and
spoke well on our side. He stated the inequahty
of duty on molasses and sugar as sweets ; that a
gallon of molasses was equal, as a sweet, to seven
pounds of good brown sugar. Seven cents on one,
four on the other." The imposts being discussed
again Friday, the 5th, the Senate came to the arti-
cle of teas, " imported from any other country than
China." An amendment was moved " that should
confine the direct trade from India and China to the
United States to our own vessels." Robert Morris
thought the matter should be left until experience
proved its necessity. " Mr. Carroll got up, said if
the matter was right it should be tried now and not
wait for experiment, which might be attended with
detriment, and seconded the motion." ^ The Sen-
ate soon after adjourned to Monday, to enable the

Journal of William Maclay, p. 65.

Ibid,, p. 68.

Votes for Tariff Report.

131

lutes, a
cclarcd.
;condcd
id gave
;s what-
against
nd my-
gratula-

n after,

duty on

Maclay

I must

up and

equality

; that a

o seven

jon one,

scussed

he arti-

ry than

should

to the

Morris

lerience

said if

ind not

;d with

le Sen-

Ible the

p. 68.

•'<m

members to attend a " levee," at which Maclay is
somewhat scandalized, as important bills were wait-
ing their action.

On the 9th he finds "a new phenomenon had
made its appearance. . . . Pierce Butler from
Carolina had taken his seat and flamed like a me-
teor." The motion made Friday and seconded by
Charles Carroll, had been negatived. And a report
brought in by a committee on the tariff, charged
such high duties that they amounted to a prohib-
ition. Charles Carroll, with Robert Morris and
three of the New Englanders, were for the report,
while Few of Georgia, the two South Carolinians,
and Richard Henry Lee were against it, in the dis-
cussion that ensued. Maclay did not like the report,
" but concluded to vote for it, all things considered,
rather than by rejecting it, to have all set afloat on
that subject again." ' The debate waxed warm on
the nth: "Butler flamed away, and threatened a
dissolution of the Union with regard to his State,
as sure as God was in the firmament." Maclay
writes among his meditations of the 14th :

" My mind revolt« in many instances against the Con-
stitution of the Lnited States. Indeed I am afraid it
will turn out the vilest of all traps that ever was set to
ensnare the freedom of an unsuspecting people. . . .
Memorandum : Get if I can. The Federalist without
buying it. It is not worth it. But, being a lost book,
Izard or someone else will give it to me. It certainly
was instrumental in procuring the adoption of the Con-

* Ibid., p. 71.

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132 Charles Carroll of Carrollto7i.

stitution. This is merely a point of curiosily and amuse-
ment to see how wide of its explanations and conjectures
the stream of business has taken its course." '

The question was raised on the 17th, as to how
the Senate should give its advice and consent to
nominations made by the President. Maclay thought
the matter was in the nature of an election, and the
vote should be taken by ballot, " that when the per-
son was put in nomination, the ftivorable ticket
should have a yea and the others should be blanks."
He was seconded by Few of Georgia. Charles Car-
roll, among others, spoke against Maclay's sugges-
tion. The subject was continued the following day :
" Mr. Carroll spoke long for the viva voce mode. He
said the ballot was productive of caballing and bar-
gaining for votes. He then wandered so wide of
the subject as to need no attention." ' The vote
by ballot was decided upon. The Judiciary Bill
was taken up on the 22nd of June, and debated up
to the middle of July.

An important bill, that for organizing the Depart-
ment of Foreign Affairs, as it was called, was dis-
cussed in the Senate on the 14th of July. The
resolution upon which it was based, as drawn up by
Madison in the House of Representatives, contained
the provisions that members of this Department
" shall be appointed bv the President, by and with
the advice and consent of the Senate, and to be re-
movable by the President ^ Maclay spoke at length
on the subject of the President's power as defined

> Ibid., p. 75.

2 Ibid., p. 80.

New Paiver Given the President 133

by the Constitution. The President, he said, should
not have the power of removal from office since he
had not the power of appointment ; " The depriving
power should be the same as the appointing power."
The next day the journalist continues,

" Mr. Carroll showed impati;jnce to be up first. He
got up and spoke a considerable length of time. The
burden of his discourse seemed to be the want of power
in the President, and a desire of increasing it. Great
comi)laints of what is called the atrocious assumption of
power in the States. Many allusions to the power of the
British kings. The King can do no lurong. If anything
improper is done, it should be the Ministers that should
answer. How strangely this man has changed ! " '

The two who were allies at the beginning of the
session were now drifting widely apart. John Adams
considered this debate on the power of removal of
so much importance that he has made notes of it
which are fuller than those of Maclay, though he
has omitted points which had struck his opponent.
Carroll's speech as minuted by the Vice-President is
as follows :

" The executive power is commensurate with the
legislative and judicial powers. The rule of construction
of treaties, statutes and deeds. The same power which
creates must annihilate. This is true where the power
is simple, but when compound not. If a minister is sus-
pected to betray secrets to an enemy, the Senate not
sitting, can not the President displace nor suspend ?

' Jbid,, p. 113.

mi V

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1 i

1 34 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

The States-General of France demanded that offices
should be during good behaviour. It is improbable that
a bad President should be chosen — but may not bad
Senators be chosen ? Is there a due balance of power
between the executive and legislative, either in the Gen-
eral Government or State Governments ? (Montesquieu
quoted here). English liberty will be lost when the
legislative shall be more corrupt than the executive.
Have we not been witnesses of corrupt acts of legisla-
tures, making depredations ? Rhode Island yet perse-
veres." '

The Senate was equally divided on the question,
nine for and nine against the President's ** unquali-
fied power of removal " and the casting vote of the
President of the Senate decided it in favor of the
Executive. Maclay describes the excitement in the
Senate on the i6th, when the vote was taken ; the
'* huddling away in small parties," John Adams be-
ing " very busy indeed, running to every one." Then
the Senate met and a heated debate ensued, after
which several changed sides ; " But now recantation
was in fashion." When it was found out the vote
was a tie, " the Vice-President with joy cried out,
* It is not a vote ' without giving himself time to
declare the division of the House and give his vote
in order." Of William Grayson's speech on this
occasion, Maclay says ; ** It was not long but he had
in it this remarkable sentence ; * The matter pre-
dicted by Mr. Henry is now coming to pass ; con-
solidation is the object of the new Government, and

* Adams's " Works of John Adams," vol. iii., pp. 408-412.

hi.?,

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Judiciary Bill Passed.

135

pre-

con-

, and

the first attempt will be to destroy the Senate, as
they arc the representatives of the State Legisla-
tures.

The Judiciary Bill, or bill to establish the Federal
Courts was passed on the 17th of July. Charles
Carroll of Carrollton had been on the committee ap-
pointed to prepare it, and of course gave his vote
for it. Those voting against it were Pierce Butler,
William Grayson, John Langdon, Richard Henry
Lee, William Maclay and Paine Wingate. ' ** I
opposed this bill from the beginning," writes Maclay ;
*' It certainly is a vile law system, calculated for ex-
pense and with a design to draw by degrees all law
business into the Federal Courts. The Constitution
is meant to swallow all the State Constitutions by
degrees, and thus to swallow, by degrees, all the
State judiciaries." '

On the 20th July, Maclay went home on three
weeks leave of absence, in bad health, and in low
spirits at the course of the Federalists who were
shaping the new Government into a form at variance
with the principles of the Constitution, as he be-
lieved. This same day the Impost Bill passed to a
second reading, and was committed to Morris, Lang-
don, Carroll, Dalton, and Lee for additir'm and
alterations. ^ The bill for allowing compensation to
the President and Vice-President of the United
States, on its second reading, August 6tli, was rc-

' Journal of William Maclay, p. ii6.
■* History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.
■' Journal of William Maclay, p. 117.
'' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

n 1

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136 Charles Carrol! of Carrollto}i.

fcrrcd to a committee of eleven, which included
Charles Carroll of Carrollton. ' Ralph Izard, Rufus
King, and Charles Carroll were at the same timr
appointed a committee to wait on the President 01
the United States, and confer with him on the mode
of communication proper to be pursued between
him and the Senate, in the formation of treaties,
and making appointments to offices. "

William Maclay, returning to his post of duty,
makes the first entry in his journal, on Sunday,
August i6th. He goes that day to see his friends,
and to hear of what has transpired in his absence.
The " Court party," as he calls the Federalists, " is
gaining ground," as he understands. Washington
had dined and wined the Senators and expressing
at his table his objection to the voting by ballot in
agreeing to his nominations, this was to be abandoned
for the viva voce vote. The report of the committee
of three appointed to confer with the President,
was taken up on the 21st, and contained the re-
solution, "declaring that the Senate should give
their advice and consent in all cases [to presiden-
tial nominations] viva voce vote." And Robert
Morris urged his colleague to change his views on
this point, as the Senate had done, " for his own
sake," which Maclay interprets to mean that other-
wise he will be neglected in official circles. Despite
this warning he gives an audible '* No," against the
resolution, which found only one faint echo from the
other side of the Senate : " so that now the Court

' Ibid.

* Executive Journal, 1789.

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Trcaiy 7vith the Simihcrn Inditifis. 137

party triuinplis at large." ' Maclay pictures the scene
in the Senate, on the 22ncl, when tlie President and
Secretary of War come in, bringing a treaty with the
Southern Indians, which the Senators are expected
to consent to simply on hearing it read. When the
whole matter was postponed and referred to a
committee, the President *' wore an aspect of stern
displeasure," and withdraws .at length " with a dis-
contented air " ; and adds Maclay naicvely, " had it
been any other man than the man who I wish to
regard as the first character in the world, I would
have said, with sullen dignity."' When the Presi-
dent appeared again in the Sv iiate on Monday, the
24th, he had recovered his equanimity, and was
" placid and serene," consenting to amendments to
the articles of the treaty. The Compensation Bill was
debated the following day. This was the act to fix
the compensation, or per dicni of members of the
Senate and House of Representatives, and the ofifi-
cers of both branches of Congress. Maclay moved
that the pay be five dollars a day, and Robert Morris
wanted it eight, the two Pennsylvanians representing
opposite theories here as on other occasions. The
one advocated economy and plain living, the other
a handsome income which should be spent freely.
At length Rufus King moved for a committee, as it
was a matter ** of a delicate nature," to whom the
bill might be referred. The committee of five ap-
pointed included Charles Carroll of Carrollton. '

If 1

Journal of William Maclay, p. 127. '^ Il>iil., p. 131.

History of Congress, vol, i., Senate ; Journal of William Maclay,

p. 135.

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138 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

The debate on the permanent residence of Con-
gress was the chief subject of interest in the Senate
from this time on to its adjournment. But there
was also another mat* ■ of importance receiving its
attention, namely th proposed amendments to the
Constitution. Th , Federalists had many of them a-
grced to these amendments, in the State Conventions,
and had pledged themselves to secure them, after
the adoption of the Constitution, in the manner
provided by that instrument. On the 25th of Aug-
ust the Senate considered the resolve of the House
of Representatives, " that certain Articles be pro-
posed to the Legislatures of the several States, as
amendments to the Constitution of the United
States." ' In spite of his not playing the courtier,
Maclay finds himself dining with the President on
Thursday, August 27th, where he meets Mrs. Wash-
ington, Mr. and Mrs. Adams, and a number of other
prominent persons. " It was a great dinner," he
tells us, "and the best of the kind I ever was at."
But after giving the bill of fare, he adds : " It was
the most solemn dinner ever I sat at. Not a
health drunk ; scarce a word said until the cloth
was taken away." Then healths were drunk all
round, the ladies sitting a good while, but " a dead
silence almost," and after they withdrew it con-
tinued nearly as dull.'' Charles Carroll was, prob-
ably, often a guest at the dinners of the President,
and it is not likely they were as stiff, on every
occasion as the one here described.

I'.

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.
^ Journal of William Maclay, p. 137.

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Objects to High Salaries.

139

When the ren Drt of the committee on the Com-
pensation Bill was taken up in the Senate, August
28th, " the doctrine seemed to be that all worth was
wealth, and all dignity of character consisted in
expensive living." All the members of the commit-
tee, except Lee and Carroll, are mentioned as
speaking boldly in advocacy of high salaries, and ihc
majority in the Senate voted as if they endorsed
these views. '' Mr. Carroll of Maryland," adds
Maclay, ** though the richest man in the Union
was not with them." ' Maclay received a storm of
abuse for his efforts to have no discrimination made
between the pay of Senators and that of Represent-
atives. The salary bill, fixing the pay of Federal
officers, was discussed on the ist of September, and
Maclay, though ill and suffering " extreme pain,"
sat through the session, that his vote might be given,
as the parties were evenly balanced, and he had the
satisfaction of knowing that his suffrage decided
** in favor of the lowest sum." But the next day he
was not able to attend, and advantage was taken of
his absence to increase the salaries in several in-
stances.

At this time the Senate voted on the clause in
the amendments to the Constitution, increasing the
number of Representatives. It was provided by
Article I. of the Constitution, that after the first
enumeration of inhabitants " there shall be one
Representative for every 30,000 until the number
shall amount to 100." And the amendment was to
strike out "one" and make it ''two" hundred."

' Ibid., p. 139. '^ History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

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140 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

The motion was defeated, Charles Carroll and John
Henry voting with the majority, and Maclay's vote
would no doubt have been in favor of the amend-
ment. But Macla)/' remained confined to his room
with a lame leg, suffering also from the doctors, as
he says, and unable to get information of all that
was going on in the Senate and out of '>. *' or to
minute it down if I could," he adds. A ong the
sick man's callers on the nth was ''Mr. Carroll
of Carrollton," who came in company with Dr. John-
son, one of the Senators from Connecticut.'

The President sent a message to the Senate on
the 17th, on the subject of treaties with the Indians.
It was committed to Charles Carroll, Rufus King, and
George Read. The President wished to know whe-
ther a treaty " is to be considered as ratified "
simply by his proclamation. Carroll brought in the
report of the committee the following day, to the
effect, " That the signature of treaties with the Indian
nations has ever been considered as a full completion
thereof." " Maclay is again in his place on the 21st
of September, ready for the debate on the permanent
seat of government, in which he is deeply interested
as a Pennsylvanian, a site on the banks of the Sus-
quehanna being then fixed upon. The bill was
debated on the 22nd, 23rd, and 24th. As he went
into the Hall early on the 23rd, Maclay says, " Mr.
Carroll came in ; told me Mr. Morris was against the
bill and wanted to bring forward ' Gcrmantown '
and the ' Falls of tlic Delaware.' " And Morris

' Journal ot William Maclay, p. 151,
* History of Congress, vol. i. Executive Journal.

mmmsm

The Seat of Government.

141

moved to strike out the proviso in the bill, which
required Pennsylvania and Maryland to provide for
removing the obstructions to the navigation of the
Susquehanna, below the site to be selected. " Mr.
Carroll got up and answered Mr. Morris mildly,"
writes Maclay.'

John Adams who has preserved a record of the
debate, gives Carroll as " against the motion to ex-
punge the proviso ; considers the Western country
of great importance. Some gentlemen in both
Houses, seem to under-value the western country,
or despair of commanding it. Government on the
Potomac would secure it." '" Maclay was quite cer-
tain that " if the proviso is struck out, the two Mary-
landers will vote against us." Robert Morris and
some of the Pennsylvanians in the House of Rep-
presentatives were playing a shifting game, saying
in effect, as Pierce Butler put it : " Let us keep the
Federal town on the Susquehanna, and let there be
no navigation out of it, and then you must come to
Philadelphia. But, rather than have the Susque-
hanna opened which will take some of our trade
away, we will not let you put the Federal town
there." ' Maclay talked much, and worked hard, to
get the bill passed as it then was, prophesying, " that
at the next session Virginia would come forward
with five members from North Carolina, and be
joined by two or three from Pennsylvania, and we
should infallibly go to the Potomac." '

' Journal of William Maclay, ]>. 160.

* Works of John Adams, vol. iii., pp. 412, 413.

^ Journal of William Maclay, p. 159. ' Ibid., p. 161.

.i9

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142 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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On the second reading of the bill to establish the
seat of government, the motion was made by Wil-
liam Grayson and Richard Henry Lee, to strike out
" in the State of Pennsylvania " after the word
Susquehanna, and it was lost, Carroll and Henry
voting for the amendment and Maclay, of course,
against it. ' Then Grayson and Lee moved for the
Potomac and it was carried against them. Robert
Morris moved that the ten miles square be located
at Germantown, adjoining the city of Philadelphia,
pledging the State to give $100,000 for this object.
The vote was equally divided, and John Adams de-
cided it in favor of Morris's amendment, much to
Maclay's disgust. On the 25th, Charles Carroll
moved " to strike out the residence being in New
York until the Federal building should be erected,"
and Maclay voted with him. Congress adjourned
on the 29th of September, and Maclay, very glad to
be rid of his political vexations, took a place in the
stage and set off for Philadelphia on his way home."

Charles Carroll of Carrollton doubtless hurried
back to Maryland that he might have some time
for his personal and plantation affairs, before the
opening of the Assembly. He spent the month of
October, probably, at " Doughoregan Manor," and
early in November we find him in Annapolis, ap-
pearing in the Senate on the 4th. John Eager
Howard, one of Carroll's warm friends, the hero of
Cowpens, was elected Governor of Maryland on the
1 6th, and on the following day Charles Carroll and

' Ibid., p. 164 ; History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.
'^ Journal of William Maclay, p. 169.

Bill for Abolishing Slavery.

143

Richard Ridgeley were appointed to join a commit-
tee of tlie House " to prepare an address to the
President of the United States." Carroll was made
chairman of two other committees also about this
time. On the 30th of November, when the " Act
to ratify certain articles in addition to and amend-
ment of, the Constitution of the United States of
America, proposed by Congress to the Legislatures
of the several States," was read a second time, it
was moved and seconded that the Senate agree to
the second Article. This second Article of the
Amendments, as passed by Congress in the Resolve
of the House of Representatives of August 24, 1789,
and agreed to later by the Senate, related to the
compensation of Senators and Representatives — and
provided that laws to vary this pay should not take
effect until an election had intervened. The ** Act
to promote the gradual abolition of slavery, and to
prevent the rigorous exportation of negroes and
mulattoes from the State," was committed, Decem-
ber 4th, after some debate, to Charles Carroll and
two other gentlemen, who were instructed to confer
on the subject with a committee of the House.
Charles Carroll reported from the committee to pre-
pare a message to the House, as follows:

" Gentlemen :

A bill for the gradual abolition of slavery, and for pre-
venting the rigorous exportation of negroes and mulattoes
from this State, has been originated in this House, and
lain some time for consideration. The great importance
of this subject, whether considered with a view to the
persons whom it concerns, or to the advantage and hap-

» I

144 Charles Carroll of Carrolltofi.

piness of llio community at lar^c, aijpears lo be such as
to rc(|uirc peculiar investigation, and the most serious
attention of the legishiture. Hence it is conceived, that
discussion of this subject by a joint committee of both
Houses will be proper, that by a candid exchange of
sentiments such a system may be reported, as will be
thought most agreeable, as well to the sense of both
branches of the legislature, as to the sense of our fellow-
citizens. With this view we have framed the resolution
which accompanies this message, and do request that
a committee be ajjpointed, on the part of your House, to
investigate the subject of the bill above mentioned, with
the committee chosen on the part of the Senate, to whom
under this expectation we have referred the same." '

The House apparently took no notice of this
message, and December 15th, it was ordered that
this bill be referred to the next session. Other
committees of importance appointed by the Senate
of which Charles Can oil was made chairman were
the following : the committee to prepare amend-
ments to "the act to dispose of the reserved lands
westward of Fort Cumberland in Washington County,
and to fulfil the engagements made by the State to
the officers and soldiers of the Maryland Line in the
•service of Lhe United States ; " and the act respect-
ing the debtors and creditors of the State, " under
the act to establish funds to secure the payment of
the State debt within six years, and for the payment
of the annual interest thereon."'' The Senate ad-
journed on Christmas-day.

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

* Ibid,

fl:

First Congress, Second Session. 145

About this time the Roman Catliolics of America
presented an address to General Washington, as
President of the United States, which was signed on
behalf of the clergy by the Bishop-elect of Balti-
more, the Rt. Rev. John Carroll, and on behalf of
the laity by Charles Carroll of CarroUton and Daniel
Carroll, Dominick Lynch of New York, and Thomas
Fitzsimons of Pennsylvania. Washington replied
in a courteous letter, dated March 12th, 1790.'

The second session of the first Congress met in
New York on the 4th of January, 1790, and John
Henry arrived on the 19th. But it was not until
the 1 5th of March that Charles Carroll took his
seat. Maclay reached New York on the 5th of Jan-
uary, and was in the Senate the following day.
North Carolina sent in her ratification of the Con-
stitution at this time, and her Senators soon after
took their seats. * Maclay tells of the President's
address to Congress, and the answer to it ; of his
dining with Washington, and being treated with
great attention. " He is but a man, but really a
good one, and we can have nothing to fear from
him, but much from the precedents he may estab-
lish," is the conclusion of the Democratic Senator.
The bill to promote the progress of useful arts, on
its second reading, March 15th, was committed to
Carroll, Johnson, Maclay, Few, and Paterson, '
Charles Carroll having arrived in the Senate that
day. A characteristic conversation that John Adams
has with the distinguished Marylander, two days

' Life and Times of Archbishop Carroll, pp. 348,350.
'^ History of Congress, vol. i. Senate. ^ Ibid.

vol.. II— lO

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146 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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later, has been preserved in Maclay's journal. He
writes :

" Before the Senate was formed this morning, Mr.
Carroll of Carrollton happened to be sitting next to
me. We were chatting on some common subject. The
Vice-President was in the chair which he had taken on
the performance of prayer. He hastily descended and
came and took the chair next to Mr. Carroll's. He be-
gan abruptly : * How have you arranged your empire on
your departure ? Your revenues must suffer in your
absence. What kind of administration have you estab-
lished for the regulation of your finances ? Is your
government intrusted to a viceroy, nuncio, legate, pleni-
potentiary, or chargi d'affaires}' etc. etc. Carroll en-
deavoured to get him down from his imperial language
by telling him he had a son-in-law who paid attention
to his affairs, etc. 'T was in vain. Adams would not
dismount his hobby. At it again ; nor was there an
officer in the household, civil or military departments of
royal or imperial government that he had not an allusion
to. I pared my nails and thought he would soon have
done, but it is no such easy thing to go through the de-
tail of an empire. Guardian goddess of America, canst
thou not order it so, that when thy sons cross the Atlan-
tic they may return with something else besides European
forms and follies ? But I found this prayer ruffled me
a little, so I left them before Adams had half settled the
empire

»> I

Mrs. Caton accompanied her father to New York
at this time, where she became a favorite in society,

' Journal of William Maclay, p. 216.

\^ \

Second Session of Congress.

147

and was admired both for her beauty and amiability,
General Washington, it is said, being very fond of
her. And her portrait, painted by Robert Edge
Pine,' preserved by her descendants is full of grace
and charm.

The Assumption Bill, Alexander Hamilton's
scheme for funding the State debts, was agitating
Congress at this its second session. It was a meas-
ure vehemently opposed by the Democrats, as cal-
culated to give too much power to the general
government. Charles Carroll was in favor of it, and
Maclay writes on the 22d of a visit he pays Carroll
with another gentleman : " We got on the subject
of the State of South Carolina having instructed
their representation. Could any hints have gone
from here, said he, to set them on this measure ?
He [Carroll] is a Roman Catholic, and the intimate
friend of Mr. Fitzsimons."^ Mr. Fitzsimons who
was one of Hamilton's supporters, it seems, had
gone back to Pennsylvania to prevent that State
from instructing her delegates as to how they should
vote, and Maclay thinks he is suspected of having
been working for the same end, though with an
opposite motive. Charles Carroll brought in a re-
port on the bill for promoting the progress of useful
arts, and twelve amendments were added to it, March
30th. On this same day the bill for regulating the
military establishment of the United States was
committed to Few, Ellsworth, Butler, Schuyler,
Carroll, Langdon, and Strong. Mr. Few reported

III

' Griswolds's " Republican Court," p. 209.
' Journal of William Maclay, p. 220.

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148 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

this bill on the 6th of April.' " Sonic trifling
amcndmcMits wore made in the compensation to the
officers," writes Maclay, " but the bill was materially
the same ... I spoke against the whole bill, as the
egg from which a standing army would be hatched,
as it is a standing army in fact, for the smallness of
the number does not diminish the principle."'

The prog"ress of the Revolution in France could
not fail to be of deep interest to Americans, and as
yet Federalists and Democrats had not divided on
the question of its merits as they were to do subse-
quently. So Maclay records one day :

** Carroll of Carrollton edged near me in the Senate
Chamber and asked me if 1 had seen the King of France's
speech, and the acts of the ' Tiers £tats,' by which the
distinctions of the nobility were broken down, I told
him I had, and I considered it by no means dishonorable
to us that our efforts against titles and distinctions were
now seconded by the representative voice of twenty-four
millions. A flash of joy lightened from his countenance.
How fatal to our fame as lovers of liberty, would it have
been had we adopted the shackles of servility which en-
lightened nations are now rejecting with detestation ! " ^

The Military Bill was discussed, at intervals, from
April 15th to April 21st, when it passed the Senate,
with amendments. It was said by the friends of the
bill that the troops were augmented because Georgia
wanted them to protect her from the Indians, and
Charles Carroll took this ground in advocating the

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.
' Journal of William Maclay, p. 232 * Ibid.,

P- 233-

tr*.

The Military Establishment.

149

measure. But Gunn of Georgia said that Georgia
was at peace, and there was no need to increase the
troops on her account, Rufus King asserted that
soldiers were wanted because there was a conspiracy
between the Kentuckians and the Spaniards, and
Maclay arose in great indignation, to defend " the
characters of the people on the Western waters."
Maclay maintained that the Constitution never con-
templated a standing army in time of peace — " a
well-regulated militia " was provided, and that was
all. And he declared that the Constitution of Penn-
sylvania was abhorent of a standing army, and it
was to be inferred that the United States Constitu-
tion was equally opposed to it. *' Ellsworth as-
serted that military establishment meant and could
mean nothing short of a standing army. Carroll
used the same language, and expressly said, that
though the Constitution of Pennsylvania might for-
bid it, we were not to be governed by any State
Constitution." *

When the Senate met on the morning of the 22d
of April, the news had just been received of the
death of Benjamin Franklin. The House of Repre-
sentatives voted to wear crape on their arms for a
month, in honor of this distinguished man but in
the Senate it was observed that they had " suffered
Grayson to die without any attention to his memory,
though he belonged to our body, and perhaps had
some claims to a mark of sorrow," So when Charles
Carroll of CarroUton rose, the next day, and made a
motion that the Senate should follow the example

' Ibid., p, 245.

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1 50 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

of the House and wear crape for the loss of Dr.
Franklin, some members objected, Maclay says, to
gratify the South Carolinians who hated Franklin.
He had made himself obnoxious by signing one of
the first memorials by which Northern Abolitionists
sought to influence Congress in an unconstitutional
interference with property rights at the South.
Maclay had seconded Carroll's motion, but, he adds,
** as the matter strictly speaking, was not senatorial
or such as belonged to us in our capacity as a public
body, and as it was opposed, Carroll looked at me,
and I nodded assent, and it was withdrawn." '

Rhode Island had not as yet joined the new
Union and it was now proposed to make her suffer
for her delay. Maclay, in his dryly sarcastic manner,
reports that on the 28th, " as we had nothing to do
in the Senate, Carroll moved for a committee to
consider what was to be done about Rhode Island,
etc. One was accordingly appointed." It was or-
dered that Carroll, Ellsworth, Morris, Izard, and
Butler ** be a committee to consider what provisions
will be proper for Congress to make in the present
session respecting the State of Rhode Island." The
" agitating the affair of Rhode Island," was consid-
ered by Maclay and his friends as ** only to furnish
a pretext to raise more troops," and he re
Carroll as a tool of " the Secretaries " (Ha con
and Knox) in bringing it forward. This comiuitt^ee
reported through its chairman on the 5th of May,
and the subject was considered on the loth, Morris
finally reporting the bill, '* to prevent bringing

' Ibid,, p. 247.

Rhode Island and the Union,

151

goods, wares and merchandise from the State of
Rhode Island and Providence Plantation into the
United States, and to authorize a demand for money
from the said State." ' It was recommitted and
Charles Carroll reported additional clauses on the
1 8th of May, when the bill passed, Maclay with Lee
and Walker of Virginia, Butler of South Carolina,
Henry of Maryland, and others voting against it.
It was a subject which in a great measure was a
party one, dividing the Federalists and Democrats.

Maclay writes on the 5th of May: "The Rhode
Island committee reported. The amount of it was
to put that State in a kind of commercial Coventry,
to prevent all intercourse with them by the way of
trade. I think the whole business premature." He
spoke against the " Rhode Island resolves " on the
lOth, declaring :

on
ee

ay,

rris
ing

** That the business was under deliberation in Rhode
Island ; that the resolves carried on the face of them a
punishment for rejection, on the supposition that they
would ruin our revenue. Let us first establish the fact
against them that an intercourse with them had injured
our revenue before we punish them with a prohibition
of all intercourse. This resolution I considered pre-
mature. The other for the demand of twenty-seven
thousand dollars I considered as equally so. Let the
accounts be settled, and Rhode Island has a right to be
charged with, and has a right to pay her proportion of
the price of independence. By the present resolutions
the attack comes visibly from us. She is furnished with

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

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1 5 2 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

an apology and will stand justified to all the world if we
should enter into any foreign engagements."

Again on the nth, " the Rhode Island resolutions
were taken up," says Maclay ; " They admitted on
all hands that Rhode Island was independent, and
did not deny that the measures now taken were
meant to force her into an adoption of the Constitu-
tion of the United States, and founded their argu-
ments in our strength and her weakness. I could
not help telling them plainly that this was playing
the tyrant to all intents and purposes." On the
14th, when the Rhode Island bill was under discus-
sion again, Maclay writes : " I contented myself with
giving my negative to every particle of it. I knew
I could gain no proselytes, and that, as the bill could
not be justified on the principles of freedom, law,
the Constitution, or any other mode whatever, argu-
ment could only end in anger." The "Yorkers,"
he says, only thought of getting in two more Sena-
tors, on whose votes they could count, in regard to
the question as to the permanent residence of Con-
gress. And Ralph Izard of South Carolina, who
nevertheless voted for the bill, declared : " If gentle-
men will show us how we can accomplish our end
by any means less arbitrary and tyrannical I will
agree with them." Robert Morris, another warm
advocate of the resolutions, said of the money clause :
" This is the most arbitrary of the whole of it."

Richard Henry Lee made a long speech against
the bill on the i8th, and Maclay made a last effort
on the same side :

Both Equally hidependent.

153

" The bill had been assigned to various motives, self
defence, self preservation, self interest, etc. I began
with observing that the Convention of Rhode Island
met in a week ; that the design of this bill was evidently
to impress the people of Rhode Island with terror. It
was an application to their fears, hoping to obtain from
them an adoption of the Constitution, a thing despaired
of from their own free will, or their judgment. It was
meant to be used in the same way that a robber does a
dagger, or a highwayman a pistol, and to obtain the end
desired by putting the party in fear ; that where inde-
pendence was the property of both sides, no end
whatever could justify the use of such means in the

aggressors

'» \

Here were the seceding States of 1787 endeavor-
ing to force Rhode Island into their new Union in
1790 by tyrannical resolutions and penalties, as un-
justifiable almost as a recourse to arms. Twelve
Senators voted for and eight against the bill. Both
South Carolina and Maryland gave one vote on this
occasion, in opposition to States Rights, and Carroll
and Izard were the only two Southern men who
took the affirmative side on this question. But no
statesman of this epoch could have contemplated
the actual *' tyranny " of making war upon Rhode
Island to bring her into the Union. The spectacle
was reserved for the succeeding century, of a set of
sovereign States forcing, by a resort to arms, other
States, " where independence was the property of
both sides," into a " Union " they did not desire ;
an arbitrary and iniquitous course, not to be " justi-

' Journal of William Maclay, pp. 258, 259, 263, 264, 266, 267.

1 54 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

fied on the principles of freedom, law, the Constitu-
tion, or any other [doctrine] whatever. No end
whatever could justify the use of such means in the
aggressors."

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CHAPTER V.

FEDERAL AND STATE POLITICS.

1 790- 1 792.

THE bill " providing for means of intercourse be-
tween the United States and foreign nations,"
at its second reading in the Senate, on the 3d of
May, was committed to Strong, Ellsworth, Carroll,
Maclay, and Few.' Maclay writes of the debate this
day " on the subject of etiquette, and the expense
attending and necessary to constitute the very es-
sence of an ambassador." An appeal was made to
the Chair, and Maclay disbelieved John Adams's
" tales of a traveller," and " voted in the face of all
his information. A commitment of the bill was
called for," he adds, *' and I was, contrary to my ex-
pectations, put on it." Three days later he reports
of the proceedings of this committee :

"On the bill for the salaries of ministers plenipoten-
tiary, charg'e iV affaires^ etc. I bore my most pointed
testimony against all this kind of gentry ; declared I
wished no political connection whatever with any other

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.
Ill

:i 1

!f^

I I

1 56 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

country whatever. Our commercial intercourse could
be well regulated by consuls, who would cost us nothing.
All my discourse availed nothing. The whole commit-
tee agreed with me that they were unnecessary. Why
then appoint any, or make provision for the appointment
of any, for so sure as we make a nest for one the Presi-
dent will be plagued till he fills it ? We agreed to the
bill as it stood, but I proposed twice to strike out all
about ministers plenipotentiary." '

The committee met the Secretary of State by
special appointment on the evening of the 24th, and
an interesting description is given by Maclay of
Thomas Jefferson, the slender figure, lounging man-
ner, and face with a " sunny aspect," impressing the
austere Pennsylvanian as wanting in dignity, while
his discourse " partook of his personal demeanor.
It was loose and rambling, and yet he scattered in-
formation wherever he went, and some even brilliant
sentiments sparkled from him." But Maclay evi.
dently did not think Jefferson much more reliable
than Adams on the subject under discussion.

" The information which he gave us respecting foreign
ministers, etc., was all high-spiced. He had been long
enough abroad to catch the tone of European folly.
He gave us a sentiment which seemed rather to savor of
quaintness. * It is better to take the highest of the lowest
than the lowest of the highest.' Translation : ' It is better
to appoint a charg^ with a handsome salary than a minis-
ter plenipotentiary with a small one.* He took his leave
and the committee agreed to strike out the specific sum
to be given to any foreign appointment, leaving it to the

' Journal of William Maclay, p. 257.

The Permanent Residence Bill, 157

)reign

long

[folly.

TOX of

)west
)etter
linis-

lleave
sum

lo the

President to account, and ap})ioi)riate thirty thousand
dollars generally for that inirpose." '

Two bills debated in the Senate at this time were
the Funding Bill and the Bill for the Permanent Re-
sidence of Congress. With the latter went the dis-
cussion of an adjournment for the next session from
New York to Philadelphia, a motion which met with
much opposition from certain quarters. And Wil-
liam Maclay's journal gives us some idea of the ex-
citement the intrigues on this subject occasioned.
*' How shall I describe," he writes on the 8th of
June, " this day of confusion in the Senate." The
proposed removal to Philadelphia was the burning
topic of the hour. The South Carolinians wanted
to remain in New York until the site of the Federal
city was selected : " Now it was that Izard flamed
and Butler bounced, and both seemed to rage with
madness," reports the Pennsylvanian. He makes
no mention of Charles Carroll on this day, but men-
tions him as speaking on the ist of June, and Mary-
land's votes with those of Virginia, were counted by
Maclay as favoring the move to Philadelphia."

Charles Carroll was appointed on the 8th of June,
one of a committee of three, to consider the matter
of adjournment, and the business it was necessary
to finish at this session." The House of Representa-
tives, about this time, voted for the temporary resi-
dence of Congress to be in Baltimore, of which
'* Butler wished Carroll joy," Maclay writes. The
latter preferred Baltimore to New York, and after

' Ihid., p. 272. ''■ Ibid., pp. 279, 285.

'•* History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

I' \

158 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

visiting Mr. Jefferson's office on some business, be-
fore going to the Senate on the 14th, he called at
the lodgings of Mr. Carroll, " to forewarn him that
an objection would be made to Baltimore that there
were no public buildings, and that he should be pre-
pared on this subject." ' On the 24th of June, the
bill for establishing a " post-office and post-roads
within the United States," which had been read the
first time two days before, was committed to John-
ston, Langdon, Carroll, Strong, and Maclay.*

A meeting of the committee took place early the
following morning, and Maclay tells of a conversation
had with Charles Carroll on this occasion : " I found
Mr. Carroll there. We had much loose talk. He
told me his plan, which was to take Butler's bill [re-
lating to the Federal city], amended so that the re-
sidence should be ten years in Philadelphia, at the
end of which the permanent residence should be on
the Potomac." The Post-Office committee met
again on the 26th. Maclay writes :

*' The bill came up from the Representatives with
every post-road described, both main and cross roads.
Carroll and Strong were for blotting out every word of
description, and leaving all to the Postmaster-General
and the President of the United States. I proposed a
different plan : that one great post road should be de-
scribed by law from Portland, in New Hampshire, to
Augusta, in Georgia, passing through the seats of the
different governments, and that two cross-roads only
should be described from New York to Canada, and

' Journal of William Maclay, pp. 289, 291.
'^ History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

met

with
roads.

i^ord of
eneral

osed a
36 de-

Ure, to

Maryland's Generous Offer. 159

from Philadelphia or some other proper place to Fort
Pitt, for the accommodation of the Western country.
The other, or block system prevailed." '

When the committee met on Monday, the 28th,
there was " such running and caballing of the Sen-
ators nothing could be done." The Residence Bill
was coming up, and little else could be thought of.
Richard Henry Lee and Charles Carroll were the
leaders in the Senate who advocated the Potomac
for the permanent residence of Congress, and Mad-
ison pressed its claims in the House, while the Presi-
dent was known to favor the river on which was
located his beloved *' Mount Vernon." Maryland
had made the most generous offer of territory for
this purpose, proposing, through her Representa-
tives, to cede to the United States a district ten
miles square in any portion of her territory which
Congress might select. So, though the Susque-
hanna and the Delaware made rival bids, the Poto-
mac carried off the prize, as it was considered.
William Maclay, who favored the river of his own
State was suspicious of his Maryland friend at this
juncture, and thought he was temporizing with the
" Yorkers." He speaks of the Potomac party in the
Senate as " Carroll and Co." However, when the
vote was finally taken, June 30th, giving the tempo-
rary residence to Philadelphia for ten years (this
clause having been moved by Charles Carroll on the
29th) and the permanent residence to the Potomac,
Maclay professed himself satisfied.

' Journal of William Maclay, p. 308.

t 1

, I,

1 60 Charles Carroll of Carrollion.

" I am fully convinced I'ennsylvania could do no bet-
ter. The matter could not be longer delayed. It is in
fact, the interest of the President of the United States
that pushes the Potomac. He [Washington], by means
of Jefferson, Madison, Carroll and others, urged the
business, and, if we had not closed with these terms, a
bargain would have been made for the temporary resi-
dence in New York." '

Next in the order of business, but as many of the
legislators believed, far transcending the Residence
Bill in importance, was that for the Assumption and
Funding of the State debts. And here Charles
Carroll also bore a leading part. Maclay as a good
Democrat, and a conscientious opponent of Hamil-
ton, upon whose report made in March the bill was
based, took strong grounds against it in all its feat-
ures. He was fully persuaded that the majority of
those who supported it were bribed, and that the
bargain had been "to give the Assumption of State
debts for the residence." Maclay himself was ap-
proached more than once on this point, and told
that if he would vote for the Assumption he might
obtain the Federal city for the Susquehanna, a prop-
osition he spurned with scorn. The vote on the bill
was fourteen to twelve. Jefferson has recorded how
he was duped into turning the scale, by securing
Virginia's vote for the Assumption. The bill had
been rejected in the House about the time of his
arrival in New York :

" So high were the feuds excited by this subject, that
on its rejection business was suspended. Congress met

' Ibid., p. 312.

Oi',

Assumption of State Debts.

i6i

t, that
Is met

and adjourned from day to day without doing anything,
the parties being too much out of temper to do business
together. The Eastern members particularly, who with
Smith from South Carolina, were the principal gamblers
in these scenes, threatened a secession and dissolu-
tion." '

Hamilton pointed out to Jefferson ** the danger
of the secession of their meinbers, and the separa-
tion of the States," and Jefferson, who knew noth-
ing of the circumstances, to "save the Union"
agreed to invite a friend or two to dinner to discuss
the subject. So two of the " Potomac members,"
White and Lee, over a bottle of wine, were induced
to change their votes.

It was moved in the Senate, June 14th, " that pro-
vision shall be made the next session of Congress
for loaning to the United States a sum not exceed-
ing twenty-two millions of dollars," and on the 2d
of July this resolution was referred to a committee
consisting of Charles Carroll, Richard Henry Lee,
Strong, Ellsworth, and Paterson." Carroll brought
in his report on the 12th, that the loan should be
made " in certificates issued by the respective States
for services or supplies towards the prosecution of
the late war." Maclay was one of the committee on
the original Funding bill, for funding the Federal
debt, a committee which had been appointed June
iith, and reported on the 15th of June, and of the
proceedings of the 2d of July he writes : " Ells-
worth moved a commitment of the resolution with

' " Works of Thomas Jefferson," Congress Edition, vol. ix. ,
p. 92. ' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

VOL. II — II

111

lit

I '

/ 1

I \

i?lijo

162 Charles Carroll of Car rollton,

regard to the State debts. I saw we were taken un-
awares on this subject. They carried the commit-
ment and the committee both against us. Carroll
joined them." Me writes again on the 12th :

** A number of us gathered in a knot and got on the
subject of the assumption, the report of which had just
been handed in by Mr. Carroll. It was in favor of it.
And now from every appearance Hamilton has got his
number made up. Ho wanted but one vote long ago.
The flexible Read was bent for this purpose some time
ago, and Carroll having joined to make up the defection
of King. The mine is ready to be sprung. Since I am
obliged to give up ( arroll's political character, I am
ready to say, * Who is the just man that doeth right and
sinneth not ?' " '

On the 15th, Maclay continues:

" The Vice-President took up the Funding bill with-
out any call for it. ... I saw Carroll writing a
ticket with a number of names on it, sand and put it by.
In the meantime up rose Ellsworth, and moved that both
the Funding bill and the resolutions for the assumption
should be referred to a committee. . . . The Vice-
President, who was to appearance in the secret, seemed
impatient until I had done, and putting the question it
was carried. . . . They carried the committee, all
of their own number. This done, the Senate adjourned.
Henry came and sat beside me a good while. He told
me that Carroll wrote his ticket with the seven names
(that being the number of the committee) before any
business whatever was done. This I had observed in
part myself. We did not need this demonstration to

' Journal of William Maclay, pp. 314, 322.

Carroll Selects the Committee,

163

|1 with-
ting a

it by.
,t both

ption

Vice-
eemed
Ition it
lee, all
jurned.

e told
|names

e any
ed in

ion to

prove that the whole business was prearranged, nor can
any person be now at a loss to discover that all three
subjects — residence, assumption, and the funds equiva-
lent to six per cent [Maclay had voted for four per cent]
— were all bargained and contracted for on the principle
of mutual accommodation for private interest." '

And Washington was, after all, at the bottom of
the whole thing. Maclay concludes, the " best
interests " of the people were " sacrificed to the
vain whim of fixing Congress and a great commer-
cial town (so opposite to the genius of the Southern
planter) on the Potomac." These were severe ani-
madversions upon his hero, Washington, and upon
the upright and public-spirited Marylander, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton. It was true, no doubt, that
South Carolina and Massachusetts, having the larg-
est State debts, wanted them assumed by the gen-
eral government; that New York, Pennsylvania, and
Maryland all had delegates in the House or Senate
who were not opposed to the assumption, and would
vote for it, perhaps, the more readily if they thereby
secured a vote in return for the particular modifica-
tion of the Residence Bill they favored. The objec-
tions to the Funding and Assumption Bill, the two
separate measures having been amalgamated into
one, were, in the eyes of the States Rights advo-
cates, the approaches towards centralization the
project involved.

Maclay believed that it lowered the power of the
State ; that it would complete *' the pretext for
seizing every resource of government and subject of

• IHd., pp. 327, 328.

;. i

164 Charles Carroll of CarrolUon,

t.ixatit)!! in the Union, so that even the civil list of
the respective governments would have to depei.d
on the Federal Treasury;" and he maintained also,
that the lar(4e sum assumed, was intended to cover
the speculations that had been made in the State
debts. VirL,Mnia, through her Legislature, protested
against the bill as unconstitutional, and oppressive,
as it taxed the States unevenly, the citizens of those
States which had paid their debt being forced to pay
the debts of those States which were delinquent.
And the fact became apparent, in due time, that the
public debt had been increased unnecessarily to
twenty-one million dollars, when eleven millons
would have been amply sufficient.

The funding system, as against the plan hitherto
pursued of compounding with public creditors, was
opposed by Maclay upon " republican as well as
economical principles." And he states the position
of those who advocated it in the United States, in
the course of his argument against what he thinks
so detrimental to the Federal Republic. He says:
** I deny the power as well as the justice of the pres-
ent generation charging debts, more especially irre-
deemable ones, upon posterity; and I am convinced
that they will one day negative the legacy." ** But,"
he adds, " I will take gentlemen at their word, and
believe that it is the glare of British grandeur, sup-
posed to follow from her funds, that has influenced
their conduct, and that their intentions are pure,
wishing to render America great and happy by a
similar system."' And whatever may be thought

' Ihid. . p. 337.

i*^

Lcltcr to Coi'enior IIoivanL

'65

kit,
and

iced
►ure,

ight

of some others, witli these motives we may no doubt
credit George Washington, and ('haih>s Carroll of
Carrollton.

The following letter, in C'liarli:s Curoll's hand-
writing, dated 011 Suntl.'iy, two days 1 lO. j the vote
was taken on the "Consolidated I'linding I^ill," as
Maclay calls it, was forwarded by the Maryland
Senators to John Kiig(.r 1 loward, (iovernor of the
State :

Niw NokK, July, iS, I7()(>.
Sir :

Almost all ihe States have api)ointe(l [)ers')iis of al)ility
and proper talents to suf)erintend the settlement of ilieir
resj)ective accounts with the Qnitetl States, and to sup-
jjort the \alidit)' and justice of the charges contained
in those accounts.

We submit to yo'ir J'^xc.Mlency and the Council the
propriety of a similar ap[)ointment on behalf of our
State, which may be the more necessary, should the
State debts be assumed by the United States, of which
event there is now a prospect, and even a probability.

We are with the highest rts])cct,
Vour Excellency's most obedient, humble servants,

J. IIknrv.

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

I'he Creek Indians who had so long been a source
of trouble to Georgia, consented to form a treaty
with the United States, at this time, and their
leader, Alexander McGillivray, with twenty-eight
of the principal warriors of the tribe, came to New
York in July, and were escorted into the city by

' Wibcuiibin Historical Society.

(.1

1 «

.11

1. '

I I

:' 1

\ f

Charles Carroll of Carrolltofi.

the Tammany Society, wearing their Indian cos-
tumes, the Creeks, no doubt, considering this a
deUcate compliment on the part of their entertain-
ers. Charles Carroll was very probably with Wash-
ington and Jefferson at the public dinner given the
Indians on the 2d of August by the Tammany
sachems. The treaty was communicated to the
Senate in executive session, by the President on
the 7th of August, and the vote was taken to con-
sent to its ratification five days later, when Charles
Carroll was present, voting in the affirmative.' The
public ratification took place on the 13th, in Federal
Hall, in .he presence of a large concourse of people,
the Creek chiefs giving their assent, and accepting
from the President the symbolical string of wampum,
in token of the peace and amity so happily estab-
lished.'

Maclay had left the city some time before, the
last entry in his journal, for this session, being dated
on the 22d of July. He had observed of the nascent
political organization so well known at the present
day, that the sons of St. Tammany paraded the
streets in Indian dresses "the old ist of May,"
May 1 2th, and adds: "There seems to be some
kind of scheme laid of erecting some kind of order
or society under this denomination, but it does not
seem well digested as yet."

That Charles Carroll still maintained in 1790 as in
1775, his reputation for riches, and, also, that money
was not plentiful in 1790, even with men of his

' Executive Journal, 1790.
* Griswold's " Republican Court," p. 224.

:'i'^'lij! ^^

Maryland's Legislators at Work. 167

broad acres, is apparent from the following para-
graph in a letter of Washington to Charles Carter,
of Culpeper, the husband of Washington's niece,
Bcttie Lewis. The letter is dated September 14,
1790, and Washington tells of an effort he had made
to borrow some money for Mr, Carter :

"1 took an occasion tc ..ound Mr. Carroll of Carroll-
ton, as the most likely, being the most monied man I was
acquainted with, but without success. He assured me
that he could not collect the interest of the money that
had been loaned by his father and himself, and his other
resources were not more than adequate to his own occa-
sions— thenceforward I made no furdier attempts not
knowing, indeed, where to apply." '

The Maryland Senate met at Annapolis the first
of November, and Charles Carroll on his arrival,
November 12th, was made chairman of a committee
to prepare a message to the House on the subject
of revising the State Constitution, and he and John
Henry were afterwards put on the joint comm'ctee
appo'iiL*.d for this purpose. Charles Carroll was
also, at tiiis time, re-elected to the United States
Sn.'te. The question of giving Samuel Chase two
hundred and fifty pounds for his services in defend-
ing the State of Maryland in the English Chancery
suits, was discussed by the House and Senate at
this session, the Senate opposinf; the appropriation.
They finally yielded, but Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton and two other Senators recorded their votes in
the negative. The sessions of the United States
Senate, as has been said, were at this time held with

' Ford's " Writings of Washington," vol. xi., p. 492, note.

.Si

^i' I

1 68 Charles Carroll of Carrollto?i.

closed doors, and a resolution was now brought for-
ward by the House of Delegates, " instructing the
Senators of Maryland in Congress to use their en-
deavours to procure the admission of citizens of the
United States to hear the debates of their house."
At the second reading of this resolution, Carroll and
Henry requested leave to withdraw. The proposi-
tion was then negatived by a unanimous vote.

On the 22d of December, the last day of the
session, Charles Carroll brought in a bill relating to
the bank stock in Maryland. The Governor and
Council were to appoint one or more persons resid-
ing in London, to whom the State agent Samuel
Chase was to pay the amount recovered, after re-
ceiving his commission. And the Governor and
Council were to direct the above persons to sell and
dispose of such bank stock, holding the monies
received therefrom subject to the future orders of
the Assembly.'

Congress met for its third session, December 6,
1790, this time at Philadelphia which was to be its
temporary residence for ten years. John Henry
attended on the loth of January, 1791, Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton not appearing until the 21st.' The
journal of William Maclay makes but one mention
of Charles Carroll at this session, and that entry is
in connection with the Residence Bill. The bill for
the establishment of the United States Bank passed
before Carroll arrived in the Senate. It was con-
sidered by Jefferson, Maclay and others of their

' Journal of the Maiyland Senate.
■■' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

|ii

Third Session of Congress,

169

for
ised
lon-

leir

party, as the cHinax with the Excise Bill, of those
objectionable measures inaugurated by the Funding
and Assumption Bill. The journals of Congress
show that at the second reading, February 3d, of
the bill making appropriations for the sujiport of
the government for the year 179F, Dalton, Carroll,

id Be

;tt were

ited

committee to prepare
certain amendments. These were reported two days
later and came ui) for consideration on the 7th, but
were not agreed to, and the bill was passed without
them.

On the i6th Mr. Carroll gave notice that to-mor-
row he intended to move for leave to bring in a bill,
amending the " act for establishing the tempo-
rary and permanent seat of the government of the
United States, pursuant to the plan suggested i'.i
the President's message of the 24th of January." '
The purpose of this amendment was to bring Alex-
andria, Virginia, into the ten miles square. On the
1 8th, the bill, which had been read the day before
v/as postponed " to this day sevennight," when it
had its second reading. Maclay writes, February
18th, " Now Carroll's amendatory bill was called
up. It was debated with temper, but a good deal
of trifling discourse was had upon it. I had deter-
mined to say nothing upon the subject. I, however
changed my mind." The pur[jort of Maclay's re-
marks was, that the President had overstepped his
province, that " he had done himself what should
have been done by others under his direction." Our
journalist says, P^ebruary 23d : " And now came

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

;llf

' (

( t

1 i

ii r

I:;

1 70 diaries Carroll of Carrol It on.

the Potomac amendatory act. A postponement was
moved, but Langdon, Schuyler, Elmer, Morris, and
Read voted against the postponement, and finally
for the bill. This is astonishing indeed. It is plain
the President has taught them." He thinks they
were all bought ; as to Read he had " heretofore
known him to have been shaken by something else
beside, the wind." Again, on the 26th there is the
entry : " The third reading was given this day to
the detestable bill of yesterday, and the last hand
was put to the more detested excise law." '

Maclay was fully persuaded that this amendment
to the Residence liill was put there purely to further
Washington's private interest, and that it would in
someway work an injury to the Federal Governmc it.
In speaking of those public personages with whom
he had become most unpopular, for opposing their
favorite measures, he says : " I have drowned Jeffer-
son's regards in the Potomac." Alexandrians and
Virginians generally, found out later their mistake,
and Washington's town was glad enough to return
to its proud place as a part of the glorious Old Do.
million, from whose jurisdiction it neve^ should have
been severed. A bill sent from the House of Rep-
resentatives, for making compensation to widows
and orphans of certain ofificers of the Revolution,
and for the relief of certain invalided persons, was
committed to Wingate, Strong, and Carroll, who
made their report March 3d, when the matter was
referred to the following session.*

' Journal of William Maclay, pp. 397, 401.
* History of Congress, vol. i. Senate,

iij, .

Letter to Thomas Jefferson. i 7 1

Charles Carroll of Carrollton w s in Annapolis,
March 17, 1791, and was to go from this place to
the " Furnace," the name he gives the Baltimore
Iron Works, the 25th, to "continue there three or
four days."' He wrote fiom Annapolis to Thomas
Jefferson, early in April, in reply to a business com-
munication from the latter, and makes interesting
mention in his letter, of public affairs.

Annapolis, loth April, 1791.
Dear Sir :

I received the 8th instant your favor of the 4th, and
yesterday morning I delivered to Mr. Brown your letter,
and paid him the bank note of 97.06 Dollars, and took
the receipt enclosed, which I hope will be satisfactory.

I flatter myself Congress will during the next session
adopt decisive and adequate measures for the encourage-
ment and support of our navigation. Great Britain as it
strikes me, is the only power which can rival us in the
carrying trade, and the only one disposed to extend her
own navigation on the depression of ours. In a matter,
however, of so much consequence, by which the tempo-
rary interests of some of the States and the interests of
leading individuals in all, may be affected, we cannot
proceed with too much caution, for we ought not to haz-
ard any measure we are not determined to go through
with.

I am happy to hear that affairs in France are going on
so well ; on the success of the Revolution in that country
not only the happiness of France, but the rest of Europe,
and perhaps our own depends, I wish sincerely freedom

' MS. Letter.

\&\S'

•

I. -

'
1

vV'.

172

Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

to all the nations of the earth : to France from education
and gratiiude, 1 feel a particular attachment. With such
feelings, it is not surprising that I should view with anx-
ious care the proceedings of the National Assembly. J
own my doubts of a hapi)y issue to their new system do
not arise so much from the op])osition of the dignified
clergy and nobles'^e, as from the fear of disunion, the
side views and factions combinations and cabals amongst
the pofjular party. God send my apprehensions may be
entirely groundless.

I am with real esteem and respect. Dear Sir,

Your affectionate humble servant,
Ch, Carroll of Carrollton.'

Though Congress met in October, Charles Carroll
did not make his appearance there until after the
session of the Maryland Legislature, leaving John
Henry to represent the State in the Senate of the
United States, at this time, while he served Mary-
land in the Senate of her Assembly. The latter met
as usual, in November, and George Plater was elected
Governor of the State. Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton was placed immediately on two important
committees, one to draw up a bill for the relief of in-
solvent debtors, the other to prepare a law respect-
ing certain rcgulatioiLs for the new city of Washing-
ton. When the bill for the relief of Samuel Sterett
was read a second time, November 24th, both
George Dent and Charles Carroll spoke against it,
each one iiaving his written protest recorded in the
Senate journal. That of Charles Carroll entered in
the minutes, Saturda}^ November 26th, is as follows :

' Department of State, Jefferson Papers, 2fl. Series, vol. xv,, p. 54.

/i|

Disscfifs to State Senate Bill.

^7Z

I'arroU

cr the

John

of the

Mary-

r met

ected

arroll-

irtant

of in-

spect-

ihing-

erett

both

St it,

1 the

ed in

lows :

p. 54-

^'' Dissenfioit : Ikx'aiise if the power remyins with this
!,t.'f;ishUure to pass an act for giving reHef to the individ-
uil in this case, it has a power to pass a {.general law re-
lieving every individual within its jurisdiciion similarly
circumstanced, and it is more consistent with the spirit of
genuine legislation, and with that impartiality likely to
ohtain in laws framed upon general principles, extending
indiscriminate relief to all complying with the provisions
of such laws, than in a private act made to fit the case of
an individual, whose person is known, whose friends in
the Legislature are apt to sympathize with his misfor-
tunes, and in private comuiiseration, or private motives,
lose sight of general utility.

Because notice of the intended ap])lication has not
hcen given according to the rule laid down by the Legis-
lature in such cases, a rule never yet violated but in a
single instance, and fonnded upon this obvious principle
of justice, that where the interests of many may be af-
fected, these should have an opportunity of making
known their objections to the relief prayed for.

Because it is conceived, that the Legislature has not,
in the present case, the power of granting the solicited
relief. The applicant is confessedly a trader, and as such
the proper object of a liankrupt law. Has this Legisla-
ture a constitutional right to pass laws with respect to
bankrupts, since its ratification of the General Govern-
ment ? This right is assumed by those who are for grant-
ing relief to the i)etitioner. An examination of the
reasons in support of the right, will l)cst discover whether
it exists or not.

Although the Congress m-iy make uniform i^-ws on the
subject of bankrui)[cies throughout the United States, it
is alleged that the individual States retain the power to
make bankrupt laws until that power shall be exercised

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1 74 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

by Congress ; the allegation is attempted to be supported
by the loth section of the Form of Government, laying
restrictions on the respective States, and enumerating
what powers they shall not exercise. The inference
drawn that the several States have a right to exercise all
the powers from the exercise of which they are not ex-
pressly restrained by the loth section, proves too much,
and would subvert, if admitted in practice, the very ends
for which the General Government was framed. Among
many powers given to Congress, which the particular
States are not expressly restricted from exercising, are
these, to regulate the value of foreign coin, and fix the
standard of weights and measures ; to establish post-
offices and post-roads ; to define and punish piracies and
felonies committed on the high seas, and offences against
the law of nations. If, in all these instances, the individ-
ual States may exert similar posvers, because not re-
stricted by the loth section, they may make similar laws
with those of Congress, or different on the same subject.
If similar they are unnecessary, if dissimilar and obliga-
tory, dissonance and confusion would ensue. The
inference then, that the several States may exercise con-
currently with Congress, all the powers delegated to that
body, from the exercise of which they are not expressly
excluded by the loth section, is inadmissible in the ex-
tent contended for, since the practice, in conformity with
such theory, would inevitably introduce dissentions be-
tween the general and particular governments of the
States, and would as certainly terminate in the most fatal
consequences to the American nations.

Should it be argued, that although the power is given
to Congress to establish 'iniform laws on the subject of
bankruptcies, the power may never be exercised, or exer-
cised in a limited degree, the answer is obvious, if much

Congress and Bankrupt Laws. i 75

jgiven
;ct of
lexer-
mch

inconvenience should be felt from the suspension of the
power, its exorcise might be pressed upon Congress by
petition and remonstrance, and there is no reason to sup-
pose that either mode would fail of success. If Con-
gress should deem it expedient to confine the operation
of the general law to bankrupts whose debts amount to
a sum specified in the law, leaving the States to provide
for cases under that sum, it is precipitate (to say the least)
to usurp a power before we know whether it will be re-
linquished by Congress, and, if relincjuished, what part of
it will be entrusted to the respective States.

Of some of the powers imparted to Congress, it is true,
each State retains the exercise, but, in all cases where
the States and Congress may exercise the same ])Owers,
they must be exercised on different objects, or if on the
same, for different purposes. Thus, for instance, Con-
gress may establish post-offices and post-roads, so may
the States, but not in the same places ; Congress may
fix the standard of weights and measures, this power has
not yet been exercised, but the laws respecting this mat-
ter, or the usage equivalent to law of the several States, re-
main in force, wherefore it is concluded that the States
may pass laws, if none exist at present, particular or
general, on the subject of bankruptcies. The conclu-
sion is not warranted by the premises ; the logical infer-
ence is this, therefore, where the States had subsisting
bankrupt laws previous to the ratification of the General
Government, these remain in force, yet whether such
laws are now in force is very questionable ; the differ-
ence between the objects of them, not only as to their
importance, but tendency, must be obvious. Without
some regulation of coin, of weights and of roads, the
whole business of society would be at a stand ; that the
existing regulations of these matters should continue until

.ft

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1 76 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

new regulations are made by Congress, seems rather to
arist: from an indispensable necessity, than frOm expedi-
ency, from choice, or from riglit, nor can the continuance
of such regulations endanger the tranquility of the United
States, or involve them in contests with foreign nations.

Are the subsisting bankrupt laws, if any do exist in
f(jrce, equally necessary ? Cannot the business of society
go on (for a time at least) without such laws? If those
heretofore passed, or which may hereafter be passed, in
the several States, are injurious and partial, if they en-
courage frauds, may not tlie public harmony be inter-
rupted ? May not the Confederacy be embroiled with
foreign powers, or the credit of the country be deeply
affected ? To prevent these mischiefs, the power of
making such laws (in future at least) was partecJ with by
the several States, without aiiy express reservation or ad-
missible implication, that the powers should remain with
each until exercised by the whole in Congress assembled.

Admitting the power of the Legislature to give relief
to the petitioner, to be only doubtful, the commitment
of the bill for amendments, in order to take the chance
of its passage through this house, is improper ; for the
expeditious relief of one person is not of sufficient im-
portance to warrant the assumption of a questionable
power, to arrest the process of the Federal Court, and
precipitately exempt his case from the operation of a
general law, which all admit Congress has the power to
make, and which there is cause to presume will be made
during its present session.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'"

The contention made here that the power of mak-
ing bankrupt laws "was parted with by the several

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

rt, and

of a

Ikver to

mak-
fveral

The Amei^jcan Nat tons.

^11

States, without any express reservation or admissi-
ble implication, tliat the powers should remain with
each until exercised by the whole in Congress as-
sembled," has proved to have been an erroneous
interpretation of the Federal compact. While Con-
gress has power to "establish a uniform system of
bankruptcy " and when such a law is passed it over-
rides and puts in abeyance the State laws on that
subject, yet Congress does not always exercise this
power, and then State laws are made in place of the
Federal law. A State insolvent law passed in Mary-
land many years ago, was superseded soon after the
late war by a bankruptcy law passed by Congress.
This law, however, was repealed, and thereupon the
old State law at once became operative again and is
now in force, (1897.)

It will be observed that the Federalists of i/Qr,
as represented by Charles Carroll of Carrollton, had
very clear views as to the Federal nature of the
United States government, as the " general govern-
ments" of the States in contradistinction to the
" particular governments " of the " American na-
tions." Carroll calls it a " Confederacy " and speaks
of certain regulations as not likely to " endanger the
tranquillity of the United States, or [to] involve thevi
in contests with foreign nations." The very name
" Federalists " was a protest against consolidation
and the theory of nationality. And but for their
assertion of these doctrines by the Federalists of
1787, no "Union" could have been effected, other
than that which held the States together under the
Articles of Confederation. The first ten amend-

'I
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178 Charles Carroll of Carrolllor.

ments to the Constitution, those important guar-
antees of liberty, closing with the declaration of
the reserved powers of the respective States, and of
the ultimate sovereignty of the people of the respec-
tive States, were proposed in 1789, and adopted in
this year, 1791.

Instructions were given to Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton and John Henry, at this time, to advocate in
Congress, public sessions of the Senate. But the
address of the House of Delegates, on this subject,
was rejected, and a shorter one adopted. The House
of Delegates had entered more fully into the reasons
for deliberating with open doors, and spoke of the
advantages that resulted from the observance of this
rule in the House of Representatives, when the press
were enabled to furnish " all parts of the Confederacy
v/ith an ample idea of the capacity and conduct of
their immediate representatives." The Maryland
Senate altered the instructions, so as to read as fol-
lows: "The Legislature of Maryland, impressed
with the propriety of opening the doors of [the
Senate], recommend to your attention and exertions
the attainment of this object, which they consider
as a matter of importance." A bill was passed at
this session, empowering the State to purchase a lot,
or lots, in the city of Washington, adjoining the
square appropriated for the residence of the President
of the United States, " sufficient for a house with suit-
able garden and improvements " to be presented to
General Lafayette, by Maryland, to express this
State's sense of his services during the Revolution.'

' Ibid.

Last Tei'tn in Federal Senate.

179

As soon as [jossiblc after the adjournment of the
Assembly, December 30th, Charles Carroll repaired
to his seat in Congress, arriving there January
6th, 1792. A message was received from the Presi-
dent on the 5th of March, inclosing a trans-
lation of a letter received from the unfortunate
Louis XVI., dated September 19, 1791, in which
this monarch writes to his "very dear. Great
Friends and Allies " telling of his acceptance of the
Constitution from the National Assembly. The
Senate sent a reply, expressing their satisfaction,
and the hope that it " may establish on a solid basis,
the freedom and prosperity of the French nation,
and the happiness and glory of the Monarch pre-
siding over it." The motion, brought forward and
seconded by the Virginia Senators, James Monroe
and Richard Henry Lee, that the doors of the
Senate Chamber remain open, except in executive
session, was defeated. Charles Carroll, faithful to
his instructions, voted for it, while John Henry
voted against it on his own responsibility. Carroll
was put on two or three committees as the records
show, but as Maclay was no longer present to take
notes of the debates, but a meagre chronicle of the
proceedings has come down to us. It was the first
session of the second Congress, and the last one in
which Charles Carroll was to serve.'

We find the Roman Catholics of America interest-
ing themselves, at this time, in the subject of the
missions to the Indians of the United States ; and
through Charles Carroll of Carrollton and his cousin

' History of Congress, vol. i. Senate.

rifl

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1 8o Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

the Rt. R( V. John Carroll now "Archbishop of the
Roman CathoHc Church in tlic United States,"
seeking to further their benevolent purpose by the
co-operation of the Executive. Wasiiington wrote
to the Archbishop, from Philadelphia, April lOth,
saying he had received and considered his memorial,
but that tlie war going on then with some of the
tribes of the Western Indians prevented any efforts
of such a peaceable nature in that quarter; while
the Five Nations were already under the super-
intendence of a religious instructor. The Eastern
Indians, he believed, were considered a part of the
iniiabitants of Massachusetts, and any ai)pIication
to teach them must be made to that State.' Letters
on this subject of Indian missions had been sub-
mitted to General Washington by Charles Carroll,
probably while the latter was in Congress.

While JelTerson and Maclay considered Hamilton
and otlier Federalists were striving to introduce
centralizing measures into the new government,
and were thus foes to true liberty, Carroll and his
allies returned the bad opinion of their opponents,
for reasons of a contrary nature, professing to think
that the Antifederalists were not " the friends of
stability." A "stable" government was the aim of
all alike no doubt, but the tendency of Federalism
was to put " Union " before liberty, while the
Democrats then and always have placed the sover-
eignty of the State and the liberty of the indivi-
dual first, as the objects of government, and the
" Union " second, as the means to these ends.

' Sparkb's " Writings of Washington," vol. x., p. 22S.

Letter to Alexa7ider Hamilton. i8i

Charles Carroll wrote to Alexander Hamilton from
Annapolis in October 1792, expressing freely his
views on the political situation. Hamilton had
written to Carrol!, Sc[)tcmber z^d, but this letter
is not in Hamilton's published works, and one can
only guess at the name of the leading Antifederalist

there mentioned.

Annai'oi.is, 22(1 October, 1792.

Dear Sir :

I received on the 7th instant, your favor of the 23d,
past. I have delayed thus long answering it with a hope
that I might discover whether the Antifederal party in
the State had in view the person referred to in your
letter. I suspect a communication of sentiments is
maintained by the leaders of this party throughout the
United States ; however I have not heard his name even
whispered. His character I could not well see through
during the lime we were together. I noticed a disposition
to perplex and puzzle, which left an unavorable im-
pression on my mind. He appi ared to me not to want
talents, but judgment and steadiness ; and I suspect he
possesses of ambition a quantum sufficit for any man.

I hope tiie friends of stability, in other words, the real
friends of liberty and their country, will unite to counter-
act the schemes of men, who have uniformly manifested
a hostile temper to the present government ; the adoption
of which has rescued these States from that debility
and confusion and those horrors which unhappy France
has experienced of late, and may still labor under. I
beg my respects to Mrs. Hamilton, and remain with
sentiments of respect and regard. Dear Sir,

Your most obedient humble servant,
Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'

' Hamilton's " Works of Alexander Hamilton," vol. v., p. 537,

•I;

1 82 Charles Carroll of CarroUtou.

I '

The Maryland Senate met November 5th, and
the most important matters brought before it were
the questions of relief for insolvent debtors, and the
provisions for the regulation of the militia. On the
latter point the House and Senate could not agree.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton brought in an act at
this time " for securing certain estates and property
for the support and uses of ministers of the Roman
Catholic religion." A law was passed at this session
declaring members of Congress, or persons holding
office under the United States government ineligible
as members of the Maryland Legislature or Council.
This action forced Charles Carroll to lose bis seat
in the United States Senate if he would renr.ain in
the Senate of Maryland. And accordingly he sent
in his resignation from the former body, ar-d Richard
Potts was elected to fill the place for the remainder
of Carroll's term. The State Legislature was pre-
ferred by Charles Carroll to the United State Con-
gress, as he had formerly left the Continental
Congress to devote himself to the work of the Mary-
land Senate.

On the 15th of December the Senate replied to a
message from the House of Delegates relating to
their militia bill ; objecting *' to the provision oblig-
ing the whole of the militia of the State to exercise
four times in each year," to " some of the fines as
being too heavy," and to the requirement of " im-
mediately officering the whole militia, as thereby
men of talent may be excluded from a seat in the
Legislature, without a prospect of correspondent
advantage." A conference was proposed between

i I

Maryland's Militia Bill.

'83

the two Houses, and James Hollyday, Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton, and James McHenry were ap-
pointed the Senate ctimrnittee. The conferrees could
not agree, and the bill was committed to the three
gentlemen above-mentioned for amendments. The
House of Delegates sent an address to the Mary,
land Senators in Congress, expressing their regret at
the failure of the motion " to open the doors of
their House " [the United States Senate]. They
considered that " Mystery is the garb of tyranny."
The House returned to the Senate, December
21st, the bill for the relief of insolvent debtors, ex-
pressing the wish that the Senate would assent to
it, as ** many of them must otherwise remain im-
mersed in gaol." The Senate resolved to reconsider
the bill, Charles Carroll alone voting in the nega-
tive. When the vote was taken to pass the bill as
amended by the House, six were in favor and four
against it, Charles Carroll of Carrollton and John
Eager Howard giving two of *he negatives votes.
In regard to the Dutch loan, the Treasurtr of the
Western Shore was instructed by the House of
Delegates to " pay to Samuel Sterett, agent of
Messrs. Van Staphorst, the sum of one hundred and
fifty pounds, on the order of Charles Carroll of
Carrollton, one of the Commissioners of the State,
which is in full discharge of all claims and demands
for interest on the aforesaid loan." ' Charles Carroll
and John Eager Howard were appointed a commit-
tee to answer the message from the House on the
Militia Bill, and this reply was delivered to the

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

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184 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

House, December 2Jst, by Carroll, who no doubt
penned it. It is as follows:

*' Gentlemen : We lament that you have rejected our
amendments to the militia bill, and that you have re-
turned it, at this late period of the session, for considera-
tion, without assigning any reasons for your rejection
of them.

We cannot recede from the amendments you have
rejected, because the modification proposed, we think,
is a substantial compliance with the act of Congress, and
not liable to the many evil consequences that would re-
sult from training, at the same time, all persons enrolled
between eighteen and forty-five years of age. On a
moderate calculation, the persons to be enrolled, (and
not permanently exempted by the act of Congress, and
our own amendments to your bill, from militia duty),
will amount to thirty thousand, the daily labor of each
of whom may be fairly rated, on an average, at half a
crown ; the four days training, enjoined by the bill,
would, on this calculation, amount to fifteen thousand
pounds ; a serious loss to the community at large, but
more so to the persons immediately sustaining it.

The supposition is highly probable, that there are not
firearms in the State more than sufficient to arm seven
thousand men, the number which the division we pro-
pose to train during the first three years would nearly
amount to.

No exigency, we apprehend, can suddenly arise, which
would authorize the President of the United States to
call on this State for a greater number of militia than
four thousand ; yet, should such exigency unexpectedly
happen, our amendments provide for it.

The selection prescribed by those amendments will be

t .

Senate Amendments Rejected, 185

a considerable saving to the State, and great ease to the
people. It must be admitted that four days exerrise
throughout the year will not give the militia even a
tincture of military discipline ; but when embodied and
officered (should they be called into actual service) the
habits and duties of a soldier will be best acquired and
learnt by the jjractice of the field, and of real warfare.
The principal object Cotigress had in view (as appears
to us) was to have the fencibles so arranged, that if the
peace of the society should be endangered or attacked
by external or internal enemies, a force might be ready
for its defence, and so organized as to be able to march
on due notice of the danger or attack.

If this was the intention of Congress, it will be better
executed by our plan than by the one your bill has
adopted. The bill, however, as amended, you may per-
haps think is not a compliance with the law of the
United States ; for every salutary purpose, the preceding
reasons prove, in our opinion, that the bill, if framed in
conformity to our amendments would be a real compli-
ance with the principal design of the Federal Legisla-
ture ; but there are not wanting arguments to show, that
so amended, it would be a literal compliance. It is ob-
servable, that a discretionary power, in some respects
indefinite, is left by the act of Congress to the State
Legislatures. We may fairly presume, that not only
permanent exemptions were intended by the second sec-
tion of that act, but temporary exemptions also, should
the respective States deem it convenient, or conducive
to their interests to make such. The words of the law
are comprehensive enough to include exemptions of the
latter description, 'all persons who now are, or may
hereafter be exempted by the laws of the respective
States, shall be and are hereby exempted from military

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1 86 C/mr/cs Carroll of CarrollloiL

duty, notwithstanding their being above the age of eigh-
teen and under the age of forty-five years.' Could words
more comprehensive be made use of ? All persons, says
the act, may be exempted from militia duty by the re-
spective States. In virtue of this discretion left with the
States, they may exempt entire bodies of men from
ujilitia duty ; for instance if the Legislature had thought
fit it might surely, under this power, without requiring
an equivalent in money in lieu of personal service, have
exempted all persons conscientiously scrupulous of bear-
ing arms ; this inference you will not deny, but may,
perhaps, contend that these exemptions can be construed
to relate only to such as are permanent. This construc-
tion is not warranted even by the letter of the law, much
less by its spirit ; for the words permanent exemptions
are not to be found, as placed in opposition to, or as
contradistinguished from temporary exemptions.

The amendments impose the obligation of enrolling
all free, white, male inhabitants mentioned in the act of
Congress, (except such as by that act and our amend-
ments are excepted ; ) but they suspend for a term of
years the performance of militia duty by those who may
not be selected to compose the division subjected to that
duty for the first term of three years. Why, it may be
asked, should we have the power to exempt permanently
from militia duty an entire class or classes of men
within the prescribed age, and not have the lesser power
to exempt them for a time only from that duty ? Can a
reasonable solution be given to this question ? Every
reason of policy, convenience and economy, make in
favor of the lesser power ; the Constitution of the United
States, paramount to all laws of Congress, justifies, in
this case, the assumption and exercise of the lesser power.
By that Constitution, Congress is to provide for organiz-

Message to the House by CarrolL 187

ing, arming and disciplining, the militia, and for the
government of such part of them as may be employed in
the service of the United States ; but the appointment
of the officers, and the authority of training the militia,
are reserved to the respective States ; wherefore these
States are at liberty to train their militia often or seldom,
a part or the whole, one part during one period of years,
and another part during another period, these being
only different modifications of the authority reserved to
the States. To assert, that the States have not the power
to exempt from militia duty for a time only (where not
called into the service of the United States) a part of
their militia, and to admit that they have the right ex-
l)ressly recognized by the Federal Constitution, to exer-
cise the militia under tlie modifications just mentioned
is such a contradiction as not to be reconciled in any other
manner than by the construction we have put on
the act of Congress, a construction which reconciles that
act with the power delegated, which abundantly provides
(as far as numbers are concerned) for the protection of
the United States, and of each individual State, and
unites two important political objects, economy and safety.
Induced by the above reasons, and others which we
have not time to enumerate and enforce, we adhere to
our amendments ; our adherence cannot possibly injure
the United States, and will greatly benefit our own. We
therefore return the bill for your further consideration,
not doubting but that you will adopt the amendments
we have made to it, and that you will prefer having a
militia law upon the plan those amendments hold out,
to breaking up without carrying into effect the act of
Congress, and leaving the State entirely destitute of a
militia until the next annual session." '

• IHd,

t.,

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Charles Carroll of Carrolltou.

Tlic address of tlu- House of DclcL^atcs to John
Henry ami Richard I'otts relative to open sessions
of the United States Senate, was not approved of by
the Maryland Senate, and they substituted a brief
resolution in its place. Hut the House was not sat-
isfied with the guarded ami lukewarm lanj^aiaj^c of
the Senate, and they were justly indi»^nant with
Henry for disrei^arditig his instructions. They sent
up to the Senate, accordingly, these decided resolu-
tions of censure :

''^Resolved : I'luil il is the opinion of this General As-
sembly, that we are the immediate constituents of the Sen-
ators representing this Slate in the Senate of the United
States, and thai as such, we have the undoubted right of
instructing them whenever we shall think necessary.

Resolved : That we do disajjprove of the conduct of one
of our Senators aforesaid, in acting in direct opposition
to our instructions given at November session, 1791.

Resolved : That ic is the opinion of this General As-
sembly that the opening of the doors of the Senate of
the United States, when sitting in their legislative capac-
ity, vvill greatly promote that confidence in the measures
of the general government so essential to ihe prosperity
of the Union.

Resolved: That it is the opinion of this General As-
sembly, that every exertion ought to be made by our
Senators aforesaid, at the present session, to obtain this
desirable object.

Resolved : That the Hon. the President of the Senate
and Speaker of the House of Delegates be, and they are
hereby, requested to transmit a copy of these resolves
to the Hon. J. Henry and Rd. Potts." '

No Agreement Reached,

189

Messages on the sul)jcct of llu- Militia Hill wont
brick and foitli l)L't\vc«*n the House and Senate, and
finally the lalli-r. on the 251! of December an-
nounced their ultimatum, that the)' had rejected the

latest Mouse anu .idment, ** to

enum

erate the fenci-

ble inhabitants of this State, as invo!vin{.j the ques-
tion upon which the two branches have differed, and
not bein^ aj^reeable to the \\\\\ of Congress," and
were ready to close the sessii-n. I'he House rc-

spon

l\^l\

\\\ terse an(

1 dot

eniiMK

J 1

in'iuaee

'1-.

it pi

ease \'(jur

onors

are , eadx* .u

close tlie

session, and will meet your Hones mimediately for
that purpose. The journals 'f uie House will sat-
.fy

isiy our constituents wnetner we were tor carrying
the acts of Congri ss into execution or not- "'

An interesting account of this session ot the
Maryland Assembly is given by Charley Carroll, in
letters to his friend, and recent colleague in Congress,
John Henry. It is to be regretted that Henry's
letters in reply, containing doubtless much about
the proceedings in the United States Senate at this
time, have not been preserved.

Annapolis, 3rd December, 1792.
Dear Sir ;

Last Friday, the law disqualifying members of Congress
from holding seats in our Legislature, &:c, passed the
Senate, myself and Mr Worthington only voting in the
negative. On the same day I resigned my seat in the
Senate of the United States. To UK^rrow my successor
will he appointed— ih^ee persons are mentioned, Mr.
Potts, James McHenry and Col. Stone. Thus 1 have

' Ibid.

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1 90 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

got rid of a trust which I really accepted with reluctance
and which, I assure you, hung heavy on my mind. I
was mindful of the advice of Horace —

Solve senescentem mature sanus equum,
i\V peccet ad extremum ridendus, et
Ilia ducat.

Our electors of the President and Vice-President are
chosen ; Hanson, J. E. Howard, Thomas S. Lee, Potts,
Sam Hughes, Richardson, Ja. Seney, (two names illegi-
ble). I forget the other two. It is said they will all
vote in favor of Mr. J no. Adams. I should be sorry to
see that gentleman not chosen Vice-President. He was
a patriot in the worst of times and has rendered his
country signal services. He has not merited such a
slight from his countrymen, as some are endeavoring, I
fear, to throw upon him. The H. of D. has rejected a
militia Bill originated in the Senate, the exact counter-
part of the act of Congress, and every bit as harmless.
We went a great way in our exemptions, for we exempted
\ of the militia from mustering — our Bill hinted at a
rotatory militia, in which I think it was better than that
of Congress, if between two very bad things, one may be
held to be better than the other.

How goes on the enquiry into the failure of the ex-
pedition against the Indians ? Is the Secretary of the
Treasury as much the subject of debate and conversation
as during the last session ? I believe our session will be
protracted till near Xmas ; we shall spend between seven
and eight thousand pounds, and not do a sixpence worth
of good. Another insolvent debtors Bill — will the
matter be taken up by Congress ? We shall have another
Assessment Law — this is necessary from the great change
of property since the last assessment. Its principle, I

Letters to John Henry.

191

am ignorant of, neither do I know whether a tax will be
imposed. I believe 1 mentioned in my former letter,
that we (Johnson, Forrest and myself) had settled the
Van Chapports, [Van Staphorsts ?] claim.

If anything new and interesting turns up, drop me a
line or two. Though not a player myself, I shall find
myself in the game that is played.

With regard and respect, I remain Dr. Sir,
Your most humble servant

Ch. Carroll of Carr(M.lton.
To Hbl. John Henry, Esq., in Congress, Philadelphia.'

Annapolis, i6th December, 1792.
Dear Sir :

I received the 14th instant last your favor of the nth.
Since mv last we have received from the H. of D. the
militia and assessment bill ; the latter does not lay any
rate, only directs the mode of valuing property, appoints
commissioners etc. The former, the Militia bill we shall
not pass in itn present form ; it subjects the whole of the
fencible men between 18 and 45 years of age, amounting
at least to 30,000 to muster four times a year in com-
panies, battalions and regiments. We propose to enroll
in conformity to the Act of Congress all fencibles between
1 8 and 45 years of age, but then to direct the Governor
and Council only to muster 300 four times a year, a part
of these (about five thousand) when so enrolled. I think
the Act of Congress may be so construed as to suffer us
to throw in such a clause into our Militia bill. Rest as-
sured the mustering so large a body of men as those will
amount to between 18 and 45 years of age, throughout the

' " Memoir of John Henry, By one of His Grandsons" [Daniel
Maynadier Henry], p. 16, February, 1887.

192 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

)\ 1

United States will be a very serious evil and felt as such
when we come to experience the consequences which will
inevitably arise from such large assemblages of men ;
and waste of time and drunkenness will be the least
pernicious of these consequences.

I fear, as you do, that our State will be found greatly
behind on a settlement of accounts ; this fear always
inclined me to assume the State debts, as reported by the
Secretary, and to have no settlement. I am confident
you will be pleased with Mr. Potts on a better acquaint-
ance, and the good opinion you now entertain of him
will be increased in proportion to your personal knowl-
edge of his character. Please to inform me, as soon as you
can, what alterations of the judicial system are in contem-
plation, I have heard it rumored that the State judges are
to be made judges of the United States, within the jurisdic-
tion or boundaries of each State, and the Supreme Court
to be sedentary at the seat of Congress. Such a system
will never answer. Our Constitution militates against
such an arrangement. By the 30th section of our De-
claration of Rights it is provided, no chancellor or judge
ought to hold any other office civil or military, or receive
perquisites of any kind. Is not the office of judge of the
United State another office, and distinct from that of
judge of this State ? Again section 32 of the Declaration
of Rights says, no person ought to hold at the same time
more than one office of profit, nor ought any person etc.
Supposing an ingenious or prostitute lawyer could quib-
ble away these sections, so as to perplex and render
doubtful what to common sense is plain and obvious, our
late law, which is now become a part of our Constitution,
puts the thing beyond all dispute. No person holding an
office under the United States can now hold an office
under the State, so that the acceptance of judge of the

State and Federal Judges,

193

United States would vacate the commission of the office
of judge of this State.

It gives me pleasure to hear that Mr. Adams will be
elected Vice-President by a considerable majority. I
beg my respects to that gentleman. We have served
tog;ether in hard times, and I set a great value on his
services, and I feel a sincere regard for all who stood
firm in the most dangerous and critical situation of our
affairs. When I think of those times the line of Virgil
always occurs to me :

Forsan et haec olim meminisse juvabit.

I forgot to send to the post-office last night to see
whether there were any letters from you. I am afraid
this will be too late for this day's boat, however I shall
send it to the post-office.
With sentiments of respect and regard I am. Dear Sir,

Your most humble servant
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

Annapolis, 23rd December, 1792.
Dear Sir :

Our Assembly rose this afternoon ; by the printed list
of laws passed this session and enclosed, you will be able
to form some judgment how we have been employed for
these seven or eight weeks. The two houses could not
agree upon a militia law, so nothing is done in that busi-
ness. The H. of Delegates wanted all fencibles between
18 and 45 years of age to be enrolled and officered.
This appeared to the Senate unnecessary and mischiev-
ous.

This morning we sent them a short bill empowering
the assessors to take and return lists of the free, while,

' MS : Letter, owned by Mr. J. Winfield Henry of Baltimore.

VOL. II — 13

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1 94 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

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male citizens between 18 and 45 years to the commis-
sioners of the tax, who were to send these lists to the
Governor and Council to be laid before the Assembly at
the next annual session. To this the other house would
not consent, although the very thing was prescribed by
this Militia Bill, unless we would adopt a proposed
amendment empowering the Governor and Council to
officer the persons so listed. A rage to be Major-Gen-
erals, Brigadiers, Colonels etc., etc., was, I believe, the
lone motive and at the bottom of this seeming earnest
desire to comply most Hterally with the Act of Congress.
Never in my judgment did a body of wise men pass so
mischievous an act, as the Militia law of Congress ;
experience and time will discover the truth of this asser-
tion. To a man of sense and foresight it is needless to
adduce arguments to prove it. Although we have passed
a law for the valuation of property, we have laid no tax.
We have passed a law giving the Chancellor, for all ser-
vice^ /,(?, as Chancellor and Judge of the Land Office, a
permanent salary of ;^9So. The law imposes certain
fees on proceedings in Chancery and Land Office, as
will produce, it is thought, a sum at least equal to the
salary ; should there be a deficiency it is to be made up
out of the aggregate revenue.

The House of Delegates was very strenuous for in-
structions to our Senators for opening the doors of your
Senate ; these instructions or resolutions being personal
in some degree, and containing some very questionable
positions, were rejected by the Senate ; so that you will
have no instructions on the point from this recent House
of Delegates. Your letter of the i6th instant I received
the 23rd, with the newspaper containing an account of the
retreat of the Duke of Brunswick, and the rodomontade

•i:

A Friend to Free Government.

195

letter of Dumouriez to Servan. Thus the anarchy of
France will subsist some months longer. I am as strong a
friend to a free Government as any one ; but I am con-
fident no real feedom can be enjoyed in France under the
existing system ; a democratical Assembly consisting of
seven or eight hundred members, without any control, and
without the most vigorous executive, must produce a
worst despotism than that of Turkey.

I hope the Secretary's plan for the reduction of the
debt, or something like it, will be adopted ; but I per-
ceive there is a party opposed to the means, who wish,
or pretend to wish, the accomplishment of the desired
object. If you can send me the Secretary's report on
that subject by some safe, private conveyance, you will
oblige me. The newspapers I do not get regularly, and
when I do, I can't keep them. Thus I have only a part
of the report in one newspaper, and part in another ;
the one is lost before the other gets to hand. I wish
to have the report altogether in one publication and in
a good print.

What has been done, or is doing with respect to the
proposed alterations of the Federal Judiciary ? What
alterations of the present system are in contempla-
tion ? I requested you to answer a similar question in a
former letter which I presume has escaped your memory.
Do you lodge at Mrs. Houses ? If you do and the same
lodgers compose your mess as last year, please to present
my respects and remembrance to them. Mercer, told
me that Giles and some of my old acquaintances agreed
with him, that if I possessed only ;^2o,ooo I should be a
Jacobite. Perhaps was I worth nothing I might affect to
adopt their principles, and imitate their conduct, with
the hope of getting something.

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196 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

I wish you health and the compliments of the season,
and remain with regard and respect, Dear Sir,

Your most humble servant
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

MS : Letter owned by G. W. Vamum, M.D., Coronado, Califor-

nia.

\} ";ii

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CHAPTER VI.

A MARYLAND FEDERALIST.

1 793- '799-

PRESIDENT WASHINGTON wishing to show
his appreciation of Charles Carroll's services,
took the earliest opportunity after the latter's retire-
ment from Congress to nominate him one of three
Commissoners to treat with the Western Indians,
writing to him on the subject from Philadelphia,
January 23, 1793:

Dear Sir :

The Western Indians having proposed to us a confer-
ence at Anglaise, not far distant from Detroit, in the
ensuing spring, I am now about to proceed to nominate
three Commissioners to meet and treat with them on the
subject of peace. What may be the issue of the confer-
ence it is difficult to foresee, but it is extremely essential,
that, whatever it be, it should carry with it the perfect
confidence of our citizens, that every endeavour has been
used to obtain peace, which their interests would permit.
For this reason it is necessary, that characters be ap-
pointed, who are known to our citizens for their talents

197

198 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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and integrity, and whose situation in life places them
clear of every suspicion of a wish to prolong the war ; or
say, rather, whose interest in common with that of their
country is clearly to produce peace. Characters uniting
these desiderata do not abound. Some of them too are
in offices inconsistent with the appointment now in
question, and others under impediments of health or
other circumstances, so as to circumscribe the choice
within a small circle. Desirous in the first instance,
that you should be in this Commission, I have mentioned
these difficulties to show you, in the event of your declin-
ing, how serious they are, and to induce you to come
forward and perform this important service to your
country, a service with which its prosperity and tranquil-
lity are intimately connected.

It will be necessary to set out from this place about
the first of May. The route will be by the North River
and Niagara. It will be safe, and the measures for your
comfortable transportation and subsistence will be taken
as effectually as circumstances will admit. Will you then
permit me. Sir, to nominate you as one of the Commis-
sioners, with a certain reliance on your acceptance ?
Your answer to this by the first post will oblige

Dear Sir, etc.

G. Washington.'

To this letter Charles Carroll replied promptly,

expressing his regret at being obliged to decline the

appointment :

Annapolis, 28th January, 1793.
Dear Sir :

I received the 2Sth instant, late in the evening your

letter of the 23rd. Early in the morning of the 26th the

post left this place, so that I had not sufficient time to

' Sparks's "Writings of Washington," vol. x., p. 313.

1793.

Declines a Difficult Journey. 1 99

make up my mind respecting the acceptance or refusal of
the commission mentioned in your letter, nor to inform
you by last Saturday's post of my determination.

I have seriously weighed the reasons urged to induce
me to accept the trust. I feel their force, and am sensi-
ble that the number of citizens, from which characters in
every respect proper for the intended negotiation can be
selected, is unfortunately too circumscribed. No one
more ardently wishes than I do, for peace with the hostile
tribes, upon terms not dishonorable to our country. My
time I would cheerfully give, and I would endeavour to
exert what talents I may possess, and should be extremely
happy in being instrumental in accomplishing an object
of such importance to the United States. But the length
and unavoidable difficulties of the journey deter me from
undertaking it. The infirmities of age are coming fast
upon me. I do not think I could endure the fatigue of
so long a journey, part of it through the wilderness, with-
out imminent danger to my health. I am very liable to
take cold in changing of my lodgings, and I never get
cold without affecting my breast, and leaving a trouble-
some cough which I seldom shake off for a month or two
afterwards. The anxiety too of mind I should experi-
ence from the responsibility of the station and dread of
not answering yours and the public expectation and
wishes would also greatly contribute to derange my health
and really might disqualify me for the business. I hope
these reasons which I have candidly assigned, will justify
me, my dear sir, in your opinion for declining the com-
mission with which you wish to honor me.

I am with sentiments of the highest esteem and regard,
dear sir. Your affectionate and most humble servant
Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'

" MS : Letter. Collection of Dr. Emmett.

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200 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

The two youngest children of Charles Carroll of
Carrolton, Charles and Catherine, then respectively
nineteen and sixteen years of age, returned from
Europe in the fall of 1794. The perils of the sea, at
this time, were increased by the dangers of capture,
incident to the war between France and England.
And Cliarles Carroll in writing of the arrival of his
son and daughter, to Mr. Joshua Johnson in London
from whose house they had sailed, tells of their ad-
venture with a French privateer.

" DouGHERAGEN, 8th October, 1794.
" Dear Sir :

" My son and daughter reached this place in good health

on the 26th past. The vessel on which they took their

passage frotn London was captured at some distance

from this coast by the French privateer Sans Paretic who

was proceeding to the West Indies with her prize, when

luckily they fell in with the snow Pallas bound to Kene-

boenk in Massachusetts. The privateer compelled the

captain of the Pallas to take the passengers and crew on

board, and for 30 guineas landed them in Boston." '

Among the French royalist refugees in America
in these years, was the Rev. Mr. Perigny, a doctor
of the Sorbonne, who was invited to reside at the
Manor by Charles Carroll, and officiate there as
chaplain. When the first public library was organ-
ized in Baltimore in 1795, Bishop Carroll was promi-
nent as one of its patrons, and Charles Carroll of
Carrollton was a member. Mons. de Perigny was
made the first librarian, and a number of receipts for

' Family papers, Rev. Thomas Sim Lee.

Baltimore Library Company. 201

the annual dues of the " Library Company " are ex-
tant, signed " Geo. de Perigny." Many of the books
of this early '* Library Company" are now in poses-
sion of the Maryhmd Historical Society. In pur-
chasing material, about this time, for clothing his
servants, Charles Carroll of Carrollton wrote to a
merchant in Richmond, Virginia, ordering •* fifteen
hundred ells of country linen for shirting negroes, of
the width and quality of the best German osnabrigs."
He adds that he "will annually want the above
quantity, and the ready money will always be paid " ;
and he manifests his patriotic desire to encourage
home industries by declaring that he " would wish
to give the preference to American linen, if in qual-
ity equal and in price not superior to German osna-
rigs. '

Feeling ran high in the United States in 1794-
1795, between the parties opposed to and in sympa-
thy with the French Revolution. And from France
came the title " Democrat," now first used to desig-
nate the Antifederalist or *• Federal Republican."
An Englishman traveling in America in 1794, names,
with Washington and Hamilton, among the Fed-
eralists leaders, the two Marylanders William Vans
Murray and William Smith.' But he should have
included Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the friend
and correspondent of both Hamilton and Washing-
ton. Carroll's sympathies were all with royalist
France, after the execution of the King, and with
England as against the Jacobin tendencies of the

' MS : Letter. Collection of Robert J. Hubbard.
' " A voyage to the United States," H. Wansey, p. 90.

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202 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

French Republic. And it is vry likely, from his
long early residence in France, and his acquaintance
during the American Revolution with Frenchmen
in the Continental service, that he was sought out
by the refugees, both the prominent and obscure.
He may have met the brilliant, cynical Talleyrand ;
it is more than likely he entertained, at Annapolis
or *• Doughoregan " the gallant and unfortunate Vis-
count de Noaillcs, brother-in-law of Lafayette,
whose wife, mother and grandmother had all fallen
under the guillotine of Robespierre, and who was in
America in 1794, planning to settle there with a num-
ber of his countrymen, on the banks of the Susque-
hanna.

Jay's famous treaty with England, negotiated
July 15, 1795, brought the contest between
Federalists and Democrats to a climax. Carried
through in a secret session of the Senate, it was
made public by a Democratic Senator, Stevens
Thomson Mason of Virginia, and meetings of the
Democrats were immediately called all over the
country to condemn the treaty, at which thanks
were enthusiastically voted, and toasts pledged, to
Mason and his Congressional colleagues. The
Federalists held meetings also, and censured the
Virginia Senator for his daring act. Desperate
quarrels arose between the champions and the
opponents of the treaty, and a duel was with diffi-
culty averted between Hamilton and Commodore
Nicholson. On the other side of the Atlantic, a
fatal encounter took place between two young
Virginians who, in consequence of a conversation

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Contest over Jays Treaty.

203

at the '* Virginia Coffee House " in London, on the
subject of the tre.ity, fought a duel in Hyde Park,
and one of them fell mortally wounded. '

Robert Goodloe Harper, who was soon to become
Charles Carroll's son-in-law, in an "Address to his
Constituents," justified the treaty, and received a
letter of thanks from its author, John Jay, at whose
request the address was published. ' Jay's treaty
'• was generally condemned in Virginia, and the
South," says President Lyon G. Tyler of Williams-
burg, " because it made no provision for free trade
with the West Indies, formerly the life of Alexandria
and Yorktown, nor exacted any indemnity for the
slaves which the British had carried off during the

M t

war.

There were questions of principle involved in its
passage, also, independent of its special features,
which rendered it obnoxious to the Antifederalists,
questions which have never yet been decided.
These were whether the President and Senate alone,
as maintained by the Federalists, have power to
regulate commerce and duties, and to define piracy ;
and whether the House of Representatives is obliged
to vote any amount of money called for by a treaty
so negotiated. The Democrats believed, and still
declare, that the two Houses of Congress should
concur in the three points above named, and that
a treaty is not, independently of the Constitution,
" the supreme law of the land." JefTerson wrote in

' The Virginia Historical Magazine, yoX. i., No. i.,p. 15. July.iSgi.
* " Correspondence and Public Papers of John Jay," vol. iv., p. 198.
' William and Mary College Quarterly, vol. iv., No. 4., p. 254.

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204 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

1795 : " Our part of the country is in considerable

fermentation. . . . Tliey say that while all hands

were below deck, mending sails, splicing ropes, and

everyone at his own business, and the captain in

his cabin attending to his log-book and chart, a

rogue of a pilot has run them into an enemy's port.

But metaphor apart, there is much dissatisfaction

with Mr. Jay and his treaty." Charles Carroll in

writing to Washington, on matters of business, the

23d of April, 1796, took occasion to make some

inquiries of him about the much-talked-of treaty.

Washington's reply, which is marked " Private " in

the manuscript copy preserved among his papers,

is as follows :

Philadelphia, ist May, 1796.

(Private)
Charles Carroll Esq :

Dear Sir : Your favor of the 23d ulto. has been duly
received. With respect to the application of Mr. Free-
man, I shall do as I always have done on similar occas-
ions, and that I am sure you will approve of — namely to
lay the recommendations of applicants by, until the hour
comes when nominations are to be made, and then after
reference to them and an attention to other circum-
stances (which is often essential) prefer those who seem
to have the greatest fitness for the office.

Accompanying the information of the election of Mr.
Sprigg, and the instructions with which he was charged,
you proposed several interesting questions such as I am
persuaded your own good sense, after a resort to the
debates of the important points which have been dis-
cussed, will leave you at no loss to solve.

Few however, I believe, acquainted with the proceed-

Letter from Washington,

205

ings in the House of Representatives, conceive that the
real question was not whether the Treaty with Great
Britain was a good or a bad one, but whether there
should be a Treaty at all without the concurrence of
that House ; and taking advantage of the partialities
in favor of one nation and the prejudices against that
\sic\ of another, with the aid of such unfavorable inter-
pretation as they were disposed to give to some parts of
the Treaty, it was conceived that no occasion more suit-
able might ever occur to establish the principle and
enlarge the powers they aimed at. On this ground,
therefore, it was resolved to attempt at every hazard to
render the Treaty-making power a nullity without their
consent ; nay worse to make it an absolute absurdity,
such as could not fail to reflect disgrace upon the under-
standing and wisdom not only of those who framed, but
on those also who adopted the Constitution, from the
inconsistency of giving a power to the President and
Senate to make Treaties (and when made and ratified,
declaring them the supreme law of the land) and in the
same instrument to vest a power in the House of Repre-
sentatives to fix their vote [veto?] upon it, unless bri-
bery and fraud was apparent in the transaction (which
in equity would annul any contract), or ruin was so self-
evident as to involve wai, or any evil preferable to the
execution.

With regard to the motives which have led to these
measures, and which have not only brought the Consti-
tution to the brink of a precipice, but the peace, happi-
ness and prosperity of the country into eminent danger,
I shall say nothing. Charity tells us they ought to be
good, but suspicions say they must be bad ; at present
my tongue shall be silent. Every true friend to this
country must see and feel that the policy of it is not

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206 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

to embroil ourselves with any nation whatever, but to
avoid their disputes and their politics, and if they will
harass one another to avail ourselves of the neutral con-
duct we have adopted. Twenty years peace with such
an increase of population and resources as we have a
right to expect, added to our remote situation from the
jarring powers, will in all probability, enable us, in a just
cause, to bid defiance to any power on earth. Why then
should we prematurely embark (for the attainment of
trifles comparatively speaking) in hostilities, the issue of
which is never certain, always expensive, and beneficial
to a few only (the least deserving perhaps,) whilst it must
be distressing and ruinous to the great mass of our
citizens.

But enough of this ! The people must decide for
themselves, and probably will do so, notwithstanding the
vote has gone in favor of the appropriations by a major-
ity of 51 to 48, as the principle and assumption of power,
which has been contended for remains, although the
consequences by the present decision probably ivill be
avoided.

With esteem and regard, I am. Dear Sir, your most

obedient servant,

Geo. Washington.'

This epistle is apparently alluded to in a letter of
Charles Carroll to his son, written in 1800, where he
says : " Your publishing an extract of General Wash-
ington's letter to me, has drawn an attack on me in
Martin's paper ; the performance is pitiful and un-
worthy of notice." Again in 18 16, Charles Carroll
refers to the letter, in writing to Joseph Delaplaine.

> Washington, MSS : State Department. Note to Ford's " Writ-
ings of Washington," vol. xiii.. p. 187.

■"-9W-''»wft«;".. r- "— -r*t-«n**

Allusion in Jeffersoiis '* Anas'' 207

" Though well-acquainted with Genl. Washington,
and I flatter myself in his confidence, few letters
passed between us ; — one, having reference to the
opposition made to the Treaty concluded by Mr.
Jay, has been repeatedly published in the newspapers,
and perhaps you may have seen it ; that letter is no
longer in my possession."

Jefferson, in the personalities of the Anas, written
in 1818, alludes to this Washington letter, from the
standpoint of the ardent Democrat. Ke speaks of
Washington's being so much under the influence of
the Federalists ; and that while like the rest of man-
kind he was disgusted with the atrocities of the
French Revolution, he did not do justice to those of
his countrymen who still preferred France to Eng-
land, as a struggling sister republic. He had not
sufficient confidence in the " steady and national
character of the American people." In his support
of Jay's Treaty, Jefferson declared, Washington be-
came alienated from him, " as from the Republican
body of his fellow-citizens," and he " wrote the letters
to Mr. Adams and Mr. Carroll, over which in devo-
tion to his imperishable fame, we must forever weep
as monuments of mortal decay." '

The Virginians were so much opposed to Jay's
Treaty, and the principles incidently involved in its
passage, that they proposed amendments to the
Federal Constitution, covering the points at issue.
These were considered in the Maryland Assembly,
by a joint committee of both Houses, at its Novem-
ber session, 1796. Charles Carroll of Carrollton who

• Writings of Jefferson, Congress Edition, vol. ix, , p. 99.

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2o8 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

was present in the Senate and an important member
of the committee, probably wrote the report, which
he brought in, and which undoubtedly reflects his
views.

The joint committee of both Houses, to whom were
referred the amendments proposed to be made to the
Government of the United States by the Legislature of
Virginia in December last have had them under consid-
eration for some time, and cannot recommend their
adoption for the following reasons :

Should the first amendment be ratified by the legisla-
tures of nine States, no treaty of the least consequence
could be made as now authorized without the sanction of
a majority of the House of Representatives ; thus would
that House be let into a participation of a part of the ex-
ecutive power which has been exclusively vested in the
President and Senate as fitter for the transacting such
business and concluding treaties ; for the Senate being a
smaller and more select body, it is presumable will be
less liable to the influence of party, and therefore treaties
will probably be investigated in that house with greater
accuracy, and with more temper and judgment, than in
the other ; nor was this the only reason for giving to the
Senate a share of the treaty-making power. All the
States being equally represented in the Senate, it was
considered that this equality of suffrage, coupled with
the control over treaties, would reconcile the smaller
States to the preponderancy which the larger possess in
the other branch. But the President and Senate may be
corrupted, and sacrifice their country to a foreign inter-
est. Are the President and Senate more likely to be
corrupted than the Representatives ? Few, compared to
these, a greater responsibility attaches to their character

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Maryland versus Virginia,

209

and conduct ; guilt divided among many seems to lessen,
and becomes almost imperceptible in each individual,
sheltering and countenancing himself under the author-
ity of numbers. Large popular assemblies, in their pub-
lic proceedings, have been unfeelingly guilty of crimes
from the commission of which each individual standing
alone, or supported by few, would have shrunk with
horror. We may reasonably conclude, that the State
legislatures will, in general, elect into the Senate men of
good sense, information and integrity ; if they do not,
they will either want discernment or honesty, or be actu-
ated by party. Admitting that in particular districts,
nay, that in whole States, a party spirit may at times pre-
vail, the delusion, it is to be hoped, will not continue
long, and if it should, its spread through the greater por-
tion of the Union is quite improbable. If the State
legislatures want discernment or honesty, can their con-
stituents be discerning and honest? Corrupt, indeed,
must that people be, and degraded in the extreme, who
have not sense enough to discover, or virtue to pursue,
their real interests. In an emergency of this kind, what
will partial amendments avail ? A revolution only, ca-
lamity, and long sufferings, can operate their reform, and
restore such a people to a just way of thinking and acting.
Does experience call for any of the proposed amend-
ments ? To amend a constitution in its infancy, from
the dread of imaginary, and not from the existence of
real evils, is surely most unwise. So far as the short
trial we have had of the Federal Government will en-
able us to judge of its future operations, we ought to
remain satisfied with its present form ; for a large major-
ity of the American people, and this Slate in particular,
have repeatedly expressed their approbation of its admin-
istration, and their thankfulness for the benefits derived

VOL. 11—14

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2IO Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

from that government. No country can be said to enjoy
a free constitution, nor will long retain its essence and
purity, without proper checks and balances. The fram-
ers of the Federal Government have so distributed
powers among the parts comi)osing it, that each may
control the others ; no event has yet discovered that the
distribution has been injudiciously made ; why, then, has
it been thought necessary to alter it ? Why take away
from two branches, to impart in common to one, that
portion of power which was exclusively lodged in the
two ? Perhaps it may be said that the power has been
abused. When parties run high, and are nearly poised,
every expedient will be tried to give the mastery to the
one or to the other. Does the Constitution present bar-
riers to this wished for ascendancy ? These must be
levelled ; amendments must do them away, and will be
proposed by the defeated party on the spur of the occa-
sion ; in the very hurry and tumult of the passions, dis-
appointed and foiled in a favorite object, at such a time
can amendments be discussed and weighed with that
coolness and candor so requisite to the forming a right
judgment?

Why should a tribunal, other than the Senate, be insti-
tuted for the trial of impeachments ? No person has
been impeached before the Senate, and therefore no
defect in the tribunal can be collected from facts and
experiment ; the objections, if not altogether proceed-
ing from a love of novelty and change, must have origi-
nated from fancied apprehensions of unfairness and
corruption in the Senate, as a court. If the government
is to be new modelled upon the visionary conceits of
speculative men, forever on the change, it never will as-
sume a stable form, and the condition of the people liv-
ing under it will be as miserable as of those under vague

V'«-

Virghiicis Proposed Amendments, 2 1 1

and uncertain laws, which, partaking of the nature of the
government, if this is fluctuating and capricious, those
will be equally so.

The third amendment contemplates and provides for
a more frequent election and renewal of members in the
Senate of the United States. In this respect it appears
to the committee to run directly counter to the main end
of its institution. The framers of the Federal Govern-
ment, no doubt, wished to temper and control those sal-
lies of passion which it was foreseen party heat would at
times produce in the House of Representatives. No
method so effectual for the purpose occurred, as to give
to the Senators that permanency which might secure
them from the frenzy of the moment ; from the conta-
gion of faction, and the unfounded suspicions of preju-
dice. Besides, from a body durable as the Senate, and
appointed in the manner prescribed by the Constitution,
more experience in business, more steadiness of conduct,
and consistency of views, are to be expected, than from
biennial Representatives, owing frequently their election
as much to party zeal as to merit. The quick rotation
of Senators proposed to be established by the amend-
ment would deprive the Senate of those advantages,
which, as at present constituted, it derives from that de-
gree of stability imparted to it by a longer continuance
in the trust of its members.

The fourth amendment was evidently levelled at the
appointment of Mr. Jay as envoy extraordinary to the
Court of London, and no doubt was intended as an indi-
rect censure of that measure. However, it does not
strike the committee that the appointment of a judge on
a momentous occasion, to execute a temporary and
particular commission, has been or can be attended with
any inconvenience or danger to the public.

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If the preceding observations and reasoning are just
the committee submit the following resolve, as proper to
be passed by the T^egislature :

Resolved, That the first and third amendments, pro-
posed in last December by the Legislature of Virginia to
be made to the Constitution or frame of government for
the United Slates, ought not to be adopted, because, in
the opinion of the Legislature, they would give too great
a preponderancy to the House of Representatives, and
thus derange the balance of reciprocal control, checks
and powers, so happily devised and distributed among
the component oarts of the Federal Government, and
thereby endanger the liberty of the people ; that the
second and fourth amendments are particularly inexpedi-
ent, as not being warranted by the experience of any
evils which have resulted from the government as now
constituted, or from its administration.

The committee also beg leave to report, that the
annual interchange of laws, as proposed by the General
Assembly of Virginia, may be attended with beneficial
effects, and therefore recommend the following resolve :

Resolved^ That the Governor of this State be re-
quested to inform the Governor of the Commonwealth
of Virginia, that the Legislature of this State have
acceded to their proposition of an annual interchange
of the laws of their respective States, and also to an
exchange of the existing code of laws in each State, and
that the Governor be requested to procure the said laws,
and determine and fix upon the means for carrying this
resolution into effect/

In reviewing briefly Charles Carroll's career in the
Maryland Senate from 1792 to 1797, we find him in

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

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Insurrection in SL Domingo. 2 1 3

1793, one of a committee having in charge the pro-
ject of holding an annual lottery for the benefit of
the new city of Washington. " Baltimore-town " was
to be legislated into a " city " at this time, and Charles
Carroll of CarroUton was one of a committee ap-
pointed for this purpose. The Militia Bill was still
the subject of discussion and amendment, Charles
Carroll continuing to take an active part in its pre-
paration. The sufferers from the insurrection in St.
Domingo had sought shelter in '* the hospitable
States of America" in the summer of 1793, and
Baltimore had provided for many of them, the
Assembly granting five hundred dollars a week
from December to February, and Congress was
asked, through the Maryland Senators and Repre-
sentatives, '* to refund the surplus advriiiced "
beyond Maryland's "just propoiLlcn.' Charles
Carroll drew up the address to these gentlemen on
this subject.*

The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of
the United States was proposed in Congress in 1794,
and declared adopted in 1798. Virginia and Massa-
chusetts had both suggested this amendment and
worked to secure its ratification. Virginia's House of
Delegates in 1793 had passed resolutions to this end ;
declaring "That a State cannot, under the Constitu-
tion of the United States be made a defendant at
the suit of any individual or individuals, and that
the decision of the Supreme Federal Court, that a
State may be placed in that situation, is incompat-
ible with, and dangerous to, the sovereignty and

' Journal of the Senate,

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214 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

independence of the individual States, as the same
tends to a general consolidation of these confeder-
ated republics." The Maryland House of Delegates
endorsed this view, and advocated amendments
to '* protect a State in Federal Courts." The
Senate, more cautious, and of a more Federal com-
plexion, hesitated, and asked for more time to give
the matter consideration. " It is an important
question," they say, " which has occasioned great
diversity of opinion among men of the first abilities."
And when the act to ratify the amendment was
voted on in the Senate, December 17, 1794, and
passed, Charles Carroll of CarroUton recorded his
suffrage against it.'

A bill before the Legislature, for taking away the
funds of Washington and St. John's College was
opposed in the Senate, and finally negatived by the
Assembly. Charles Carroll was chairman of the
Senate committee having the matter in charge; and
an interesting account of both of these institutions,
is spread upon the journal, in the letters and papers
used by their champion to secure the continuation
of the fund hitherto allowed them. Maryland's
stock in the Bank of England was yet unrecovered,
and there was question in the Assembly in 1794, as
to the suggestion of having Mr. Jay make it a subject
of negotiation in the proposed English treaty. But
this idea had been finally abandoned. Charles
Carroll was prominent in the Senate and joint com-
mittees on the bank-stock affair, as it came up in
successive sessions. In the Assembly of 1795, Gen-

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eral Washington's course was approved of, in the
matter of Jay's Treaty, and in other respects, an<l
on motion of Charles Carroll of Carrollton the
"Address" of the House of Delegates endorsing the
Administration was to be published in all the Mary-
land papers. At the following session Charles
Carroll reported from a joint committee of the two
Houses an •' Answer " to the Governor's address, in
which there are allusions to the President's message,
as he is about to retire from public life, and regret
expressed at his determination. Washington's " Ad-
dress to the people of the United States," dated
September 17, 1796, is given in the Senate journal,
and the resolutions of the Assembly, relating to it,
which are highly eulogistic of the Pater Patrice.

At the session of 1795 Charles Carroll had been
put upon the committee of three which was to con-
fer with a House committee, on the settlement of
the western limits of the State. And in 1796 he
was appointed, with Jeremiah Townley Chase, a
Commissioner, to settle with Virginia the question
of State boundaries. Philip Barton Key was after-
wards added to the Commission. Carroll and Chase
took the places of William Pinkney then in England,
and William Cooke who had resigned. Ten days be-
fore the close of the session of 1796, Charles Carroll
brought in from the joint committee on the Virginia
amendments to the Constitution of the United States,
the report which has been already given.' In 1797 he
introduced a bill for the gradual abolition of slavery,
which, however, did not pass. Yet in the latter

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216 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

part of his life he was a " pro slavery man in all its
features, and was most logical in his demonstrations
of its influence in this country." '

In the summer of 1798, Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton wrote the following letter to General Wash-
ington, on the prospect of war with France, and the
preparations in the United States for such an event.
It will be noticed how sagacious are Carroll's
prophecies as to the future course of political events
in France and the monarchies surrounding her.

DOUGHOREGAN, Qth Aug., 1798.

Dear Sir :

I was yesterday favored with your letter of the 2nd
instant. Your sentiments respecting the proper qualifica-
tions of aids to a commander-in-chief, or of a separate
army are very just. Unquestionably persons of experi-
ence should have the preference, for the forcible
reasons you mention ; but I thought that they who had
acquired experience by actual service during the last war,
would aim at and aspire to commands in the army pro-
posed to be raised, or at becoming colonels, majors &c.,
and that young men chiefly would solicit to be appointed
aids.

I sincerely wish that you may not be forced to quit your
retirement and place yourself at the head of our army.
Nothing, I fear, will pnv/ont the Directory from landing
a strong force in one of the Southern States, but the
want of the means. It is obvious they aim at splitting the
countries surrounding France into small Democracies
entirely dependant on the rulers of the great nation.
They view with a jealous eye the growing strength of
this country, and if they can, they will nip it in the bud

' AppUton's journal, September 19, 1874, p. 355,

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Letter to General Washington. 2 1 7

by dismembering the Jnion. They have too many par-
tizans among us, inducnoed by a variety of motives,
who will aid their measures, when they dare to cast off
the mask. On these traitors, I wish with you, that the
expense of our preparations could be thrown, but the
mischief is, the far greater part (were it even practicable
to subject them solely to the expense) have little or
nothing to pay. and this poverty is one of the causes
which has enlisted them under the banners of France.

I have observed, that through all the changes of parties
and rulers in France, one object has been steadily
pursued, the aggrandizement of the terrible Republic,
and the depression of its neighbors. All the men placed
at the head of the French councils have had ambition,
and enterprise. France, if left in possession of its acquisi-
tions, will, on the return of a general peace, turn its
attention to the acquirement of a powerful marine, which
can be acquired only by an extensive commerce, sup-
ported by extensive and opulent colonies. I suspect
therefore, that the Directory will wrest from Spain
Louisiana, and from Portugal the Brazils. The single
island of St. Domingo, when reduced to order and im-
proved, as the French part of it was before the Revolution,
will support a flourishing trade. What can prevent
Russia, Prussia and Austria from combining v/ith Eng-
land to defeat the ambitious designs of France ? I fear
mutual jealousies, weakness of the princes who nominally
govern those countries, the corruption of some ministers,
and exhausted finances.

It is said Mr. Marshall reports the finances of France
to be at the lowest ebb. The want of money may give a
temporary respite to Europe, and to this country, but if
the interval be not improved in forming a solid union
against the ambition, and disorganizing projects of the

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2 1 8 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

French oligarchy, they will be soon revived. Should
the present system of French (government it cannot be
called) endure any length of time, it will endeavour to
undermine by secret intrigues, or subvert by open force,
the monarchies of Europe, for the co-existence of those
governments is incompatible with that of France. The
latter, indeed, is yet to undergo great changes, and may
terminate in a monarchy, perhaps more formidable to the
independence of Europe, than the subsisting oligarchy,
which from the seeds of internal decay cannot be expected
to survive many years.

Excuse, sir, this effusion of political conjectures ; your
letter has partly drawn them from me. I remain with
the greatest respect and esteem, dear sir,

Your most obedient humble servant,
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

John Henry was elected Governor of Maryland in
1797. Charles Carroll at this session, and the follow-
ing one, reported resolutions from the joint com-
mittee to whom the communications relating to the
bank stock had been referred, which were not satis-
factory to the House of Delegates. The latter
wanted to put the matter entirely into the hands of
Rufus King, American Minister to England, and the
Senate objected to this. Charles Carroll was the
writer of a long message to the House, on the sub-
ject, dated January 3, 1799, **"*^ ^ ^VidX message of
the 19th of January. A point at issue between the
two Houses was whether they should deduct the
claim of James Russell from the bank stock due
Maryland.

» Washington MSS :, Department of State.

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Samuel Chase in letters to Charles Carroll written
in 1 797- 1 798, describes the case as it then stood. The
widow of James Russell, he urged, had been com-
pensated by the British Government, so that it would
be necessary to deduct his claim for something over
;^ 10,600, out of the amount to be transferred. Chase
writes that he had exerted himself " for fourteen
years to obtain for the State a transfer of the whole."
But he thought, as he wrote in a letter dated Janu-
ary, II, 1798, to insist upon this now would be
inexpedient. He believed that the Resolutions pro-
posed by the joint committee, would do harm, and
if adopted would " suspend all further negotiations
on the subject." '

The House of Delegates sustained the view taken
by Samuel Chase. The two messages of the Senate,
as reported by Charles Carroll are as follows :

January, 3d, 1799. — Gentlemen: We received your
message requesting a reconsideration of the resolution
relating to the bank stock.

The meirbi of the Senate are ever willing to recon-
sider l\\&\: df cisions, when new arguments or facts are
disclo.x;", or where, in the hurry of piblic business, a
subject :nnyhave been acted upon without that delibera-
tion and d scussion which its import«i.v.c required. But
in cases where no new facts nor arguments not hereto-
fore usea are produced, the practice is improper, ^'hese
principles preclude the reconsideration of the resolution ;
the arguments in your message had been fully considered
ill the repeated di^.;ussionf> of the suoject, no new facts
have been discovered to place it in a new or different

' Archives ai Mar/ ^nd 1 listorical Society.

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2 20 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

point of view. Under these circumstances reconsidera-
tions must produce that instability of decision which you
must admit to be inconvenient and even discreditable, to
public councils.

Although we decline a reconsideration of the resolu-
tion, you are not thence to infer we consider the undis-
puted possession of the stock of little importance to the
State ; on the contrary, with you, we deem it an object
of great magnitude.

Upon the mere intimations of the Chancellor, and ih';
opinions of council as to the justice of Russell's cLir:,
which we have not seen, and therefore cannot judge of,
we can scarcely reason at all, or very imperfectly, for our
information upon these points, to say the least, is -nest
imperfect. We fear not, however, of being contradic .ed
in asserting, that the recent payment of Russell's claim
by the British Government, after the disclaimer of all
right to the stock in question on the part of the Crown,
amounts to a full admission of the right of this State,
and ought to remove every obstacle to a recovery of the
whole. Under these circumstances, and the repeated ad-
missions of our right to a partial transfer, we think the
adoption of your resolution would be highly impolitic.
The abandonment of a large portion of our claim can
only be justified by an immediate and pressing demand
for money, or by a well grounded opinion that the whole
stock will be hazarded from insisting upon an uncondi-
tional transfer.

The state of our treasury evinces that the call for
money is not so very pressing, nor can we admit the possi-
bility of losing the whole by contending for what you, as
well as we, conceive to be the right of the State.

Although, in the present situation of the funds cf the
United States, compared with those of Great B;itain, it

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221

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it

might by some be thought prudent to direct a sale of our
bank stock, when transferred, and to invest the proceeds
in the public securities of the Federal Government, yet
this measure could not be effected at the present price
of bank stock, without such a loss to the State as noth-
ing can warrant but extreme necessity on our part, and
the probability that the British Government will either
fail or violate its public faith by the seizure of the prop-
erty in its public funds of a friendly State. A national
bankruptcy is a very improbable event, and the seizure
even more so ; for public credit, sound policy, and the
modern practice of civilized nations, have rendered sacred
property in the public funds, even of enemies.

In a few years after a general peace, it is presumable
that the bank stock in England will rise very consider-
ably, and we cannot conceive that the State would wil-
lingly sustain the loss arising from the admission of
Russell's claim, and the present withdrawing this money
from England. It has indeed been urged, that although
we might not withdraw the bank stock upon terms so
disadvantageous, yet it would be politic to obtain a
transfer to Mr. King at the certain loss of ten thousand
six hundred and fifty pounds sterling, the amount of
Russell's claim, and thus prevent farther deductions, by
the payment of other claims.

To this observation we reply, that the same principles
which would now induce the British Government to
transfer the stock, or any part of it, will continue to
operate with equal force, unless counteracted by circum-
stances w'^ich at this time we have no right to antici-
pate ; from the interposition of other claims, nothing in
our judgment is to be seriously apprehended, since the
claim of Russell, the trustee, supposed to be better
founded than any of the rest, was disallowed by the

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2 22 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Chancery court for want of equity. You indeed have
supposed, that if the stock should continue much longer
in its present situation, other claims may hereafter be
brought forward and admitted ; if this be really your
opinion, may not the admission of Russell's claim serve
as a precedent for the allowance of others equally un-
founded, and which may finally swallow up the whole
stock ? Nothing is risked by persisting on our right, but
a certi , i^erhaps a total loss, may arise from a contrary
and teu uig conduct.

Permit ic "> observe, that the claims which have al-
ready been set up against our bank stock, and deter-
mined inadmissible, will not alter their character, and
become just and admissible by the lapse of time ; but
incidents may occur, which, if they will not justify, may
at least give color to the retention, in plain English, to
the forfeiture of this stock ; in discussions of this kind,
we should reject the workings of t'le imagination, and
the unreal suggestions of fear, it being the interest of
both countries to be upon good terms, and to maintain
the subsisting harmony which cannot long be maintained
without the mutual observance of justice ; we conclude,
and upon the strongest foundation, that both Govern-
ments will continue to act justly towards each other.

We have reason to believe that the Chancellor had
not, in September last, dismissed the bill of the State's
assignee, but deferred the dismission until the Attorney-
General should be instructed thereon by the Crown.
The last authentic advices from Mr. King to the Secre-
tary of State, communicated by Mr. Chase, through the
executive, to the General Assembly at the last session,
informed them that the Chancellor would dismiss the
bill, on the allegation thL.t he has no jurisdiction of the
case ; then neither Russell's representative, or any other

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Rufus Kings Negotiation,

223

claimant for compensation out of the bank stock, can
recover in a court of equity ; indeed, all those whose
property has been confiscated, and Russell's family
among others (as already observed), have been indemni-
fied by the British Government. Upon what principle,
then, can it be maintained, that the King of Great Brit-
ain may of right retain the sum awarded and paid to
Russell's family ? And if that sum, why not others ? On
no other ground, we conceive, than that the bank stock,
formerly the property of the people of Maryland, has de-
volved on the Crown ; will you then be pleased to point
out how the King of Great Britain has become heir or
successor to the people of Maryland ? We are really at
a loss to know how the British negotiator will make out
the title of his master to the stock of this State in the
Bank of England ; should he fail in the attempt, the
stock surely cannot be considered as property to which
no person is entitled, it must belong either to the people
of Maryland or to his Britannic majesty ; if to the latter,
whatever right he may formerly have had to it he has
long ago disclaimed.

You have laid great stress on the policy of obtaining
a speedy transfer of the stock ; to the same purpose it
was urged, in a discussion of this subject before the Sen-
ate, that if Mr. King, for so many months, had endeav-
oured in vain to procure a transfer, what chance was
there that he would be more successful for the time to
come ? Be it remembered, that the only claim stated by
Mr. King, as an obstruction to the transfer, was consid-
ered by him as unjust and impolitic ; he said he should
resist both the impolicy and injustice of it, unless other-
wise instructed by the legislature.

Have we any assurances from Mr. King himself, that
his opinion of the claim has been since altered ? Have

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224 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

any reasons been adduced by him to prove that what
was then unjust and impolitic is now become politic and
just ? Do we not now know that the claim in question has
been satisfied by the British Government long since the
dates of Mr. King's letters on this subject to Mr. Pick-
ering ? If the transfer has been thus long delayed from
the non-payment of Russell's claim, it being now paid,
and that stumbling block thus removed, we have <^he
strongest reason to expect, both from the equity of the
case and true policy, that the stock, if not already trans-
ferred to Mr. King, will not much longer be withheld.
Bui 14 we pass the resolution, and it should be known in
England before the transfer is made, it will be construed
iutc T su;..^wder of the ten thousand six hundred and
fifty pounds sterling, awarded Russell, which though
already paid by the British Government, may be stopped
out of our bank stock, not to be twice paid to Russell's
family, not to be returned into the British treasury (for
the sum, though an object to this State, is none to that
nation), but it will probably be deemed a douceur, given
to obtain speedily, what really is our right, .and will, if
insisted on with perseverance, be at length obtained.

Undoubtedly Mr King will imitate the worthy exam-
ple of the late envoys of the United States to France,
and set his face against all douceurs ; he will not surely
purchase redress at the expense of the State, unless im-
prudently authorized to act differently. Thus judging
of that gentleman, our confidence in him is not less than
yours, and although we might have been willing to con-
fide to him a real discretion, had nothing transpired on
this subject, we again submit to you, whether the pub-
licity of the proposed resolution, when once passed by
the Legislature, would not deprive him of the actual ex-
ercise of it, by admitting the British Government to a

Laiv of Nations to Govern,

225

knowledge of our ultimatum, and whether, under these
circumstances, it would not amount to an actual aban-
donment of Russell's claim.

We do not think that either present circumstances, the
interest of our constituents, or the state of our finances,
warrant the sacrifice proposed. Believing that the State
has a full and perfect right to the whole stock, for its
attainment we rely on the justice of our cause, the ability
of our minister, and the firm support of the general
government.'

[January 19, 1799.] Gentlemen :

As the only reasons adduced in your first message
were urged by the agent of the bank stock, when before
the Senate, and as most of your House attended on that
occasion, we were certainly warranted in asserting, that
your message contained no new matter, facts or argu-
ments, to induce us to alter our opinion.

We admit the Chancellor has intimated that he has
not jurisdiction of the cause, that the stock is in the
hands of the accountant-general, and that the subject is
now under negotiation. We contend that the principles
of the law of nations ought solely to govern in such a
negotiation ; that the King of Great Britain ought not to
avail himself of the circumstance of the ;5tock being in
the hands of the accountant-general to indemnify any of
his subjects out of it, if a right to the stock cannot be
established in the Crown ; that if the King may right-
fully thus indemnify one of his subjects, he may indem-
nify all those whose property has been confiscated by
this State, or make such other distribution of the stock
as to him may seem meet.

The right of the State to the stock we deem indisput-
able. In your former message it is said, that eminent
' Journal of the Maryland Senate,

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226 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

counsel in England think differently. We have observed,
and repeat the observation, that opinions we have not
seen, nor the reasons on which they are grounded, ought
not to induce us to relinquish a property to which we
are persuaded we have a good and perfect title. If such
opinions have been given, and have come to the knowl-
edge of Mr. King, and if the reasons on which they are
founded appear in his judgment to have weight, no doubt
he will communicate them to the Ge leral Assembly, and
when communicated, we shall give them all the consid-
eration which their importance may merit.

It is true the negotiation of Mr. King has not hitherto
met with thy desired success, but it does not follow that
he may not succeed hereafter. Matters of this nature
between independent sovereignties are not speedily trans-
acted, and this question in particular may have given
way to more important discussions, A year or two hence
may be as favorable a time for negotiating a transfer as
the present, or the past ; perhaps more favorable, for
then the person forming the chief obstacle to the trans-
fer of the stock may have no control over it.

It is asserted by Mr. Stanley, that the Crown has dis-
claimed already all right to the stock, and we are in-
formed that Russell's family has been recently paid by
the British Government ; the information has been given
to one of our members, who was requested by his in-
formant not to divulge the person's name ; the truth of
it, we doubt not will be confirmed in a short time. We
cannot conceive what right or title the Crown can now
set up to the stock, after the disclaimer in the High
Court of Chancery. It may be urged that Russell, as
trustee, is entitled to indemnification out of the stock,
and that the British Government having paid the ten
thousand six hundred and fifty pounds sterling, may

The Croivn Abandoned All Right. 227

retain that sum out of the stock ; first it must be decreed,
that Russell was entitled to be indemnified out of the stock,
and as the Chancellor has declared he has no jurisdiction
of the cause, he cannot decide judicially on the supposed
equitable claim of Russell ; but the stock cannot be got
out of the hands of the accountant-general, it seems,
without the consent of the Crown, which may not be
obtained, unless we agree to compensate Russell's family.
In plain English, the King will avail himself of a mere
casuality to withhold part of our stock, without an inves-
tigation in a court of equity of the right, in order to
indemnify one of his subjects, and thus constitute him-
self both judge and party. If Mr. King would remon-
strate against such a proceeding, with that decision and
force of argument of which he is capable, we hope the
Chancellor would not persevere in advising his Majesty
to adopt a measure so disgraceful and unjust.

We insist, that if a discretionary power be now given
to Mr. King, he must consider it a departure from the
instructions of the last session, and given for the purpose
of procuring a transfer by the loss of ten thousand six
hundred and fifty pounds sterling. He will conclude
that the State is in such want of money that it is willing
to make that sacrifice ; as that is not our situation, and
were the transfer now made, as we think it would be
advisable to let the stock remain an accumulating fund
in the Bank of England, till it appreciates much beyond
its present value, we cannot consent to leave to Mr.
King the use of his discretion, either to accept a partial,
or insist on a transfer of the whole stock, as he may
judge most expedient ; we deem ourselves more compe-
tent to judge of the true interest of the State than Mr.
King, who certainly cannot be so well acquainted with
its finances, wants or resources.

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2 28 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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We have expressed an opinion, or rather hope, that
the British Government will act justly towards this coun-
try ; it is the interest of both countries to cultivate peace,
and be upon good terms ; that differences will occa-
sionally interrupt this harmony, may be expected, but
moderation and a due regard to justice and true policy,
will probably terminate amicably such differences ; we
believe that both Governments are disposed to act
towards each other in this manner, and though this may
be really the disposition of the British ministers, yet it is
possible one may be found among them who might not
reject a douceur to accommodate a friend. Notwithstand-
ing the temporary suspension of payment in cash of its
notes, the Bank of England has considerably appreciated
within twelve months ; about this time in the year seven-
teen hundred and ninety-seven it was as low as one
hundred and nine per cent, by the last intelligence it had
risen to one hundred and twenty, and was still rising.
P'rom the depressed condition of the commercial rivals
of Great Britain, and the great marts and sources of
trade, which peace will probably leave in the possession
of that nation, we may fairly conclude, that in a short
time after a general peace the Bank stock of England
will attain a higher value than ever. In this view of the
subject, we deem it unwise to sell our bank stock at
present, were we now in possession of it.

The objects referred to in your message unquestion-
ably merit the attention and patronage of the Legislature,
and if money could be borrowed or a small sum even
advanced by the State, to remove obstruction in the
bed of the Susquehanna, individuals might be encour-
aged to co-operate in opening its navigation, without
incurring so great a loss as the present sale of our bank
stock would occasion. The State is not entirely desti-

Last Letter to Washiuptoi.

229

5-1

tute of the means of aiding the navigation of the Patow-
inack and 8us(|uclianna ; to render it as complete as
nature will admit, will re([iiire time and more money than
we can now command. When peace has raised the
value of our stock in the Bank of England, a sale of
part may be made, and tlie proceeds applied to those
two great objects ; we doubt not the wisdom of our suc-
cessors will make the application ; the very difference
between the present and future j)robable value of our
bank stock would more than complete the navigation
of those rivers.

If we apprehended that the State might lose the whole
of its stock by insisting on the unconditional transfer,
we would assent to your resolution, but believing that
no risk is incurred, we will not submit to a certain loss
to obtain what we flatter ourselves will be obtained from
the justice of our case in the course of a few years.'

The following letter relating to the navigation
of the Potomac was written by Charles Carroll of
Carrollton to General Washington, in reply to the
latter, who had expected to see Carroll and others
in Georgetown at a proposed meeting of the Poto-
mac Company. These were probably the last letters
that passed between the two friends.

UoUGiiouKCAX. 5th Aug. 1799.

Dear Sir :

I did not receive your favor of the 21st past, until
yesterday. The pleasure of seeing you at George Town
would have been a strong inducement to me to attend
the meeting of the Company to be held there this day,
even on so short a notice of your intention of giving
your attendance, had I not learnt at the same time I got

» Ibid.

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230 Charles Carroll of Can'olltoii.

your letter lluU you have been lately imu h indisposed.
Mr. Law, however, from whom this disagreeable intelli-
gence came, concluded his letter, I am told, by s?
you was then on the recovery. I sincerely hope ...id
wish you may be speedily restored to perfect health.

I have written to my relative Mr. Dan : Carroll of
Duddington, and authorized him to subscribe on my
behalf one hundred dollars for each of the shares I hold,
provided the sum of forty thousand dollars be subscribed.
The circular letter of the directors states that ;^6o,ooo
will certainly complete the navigation from above Fort
Cumberland to tide-water ; a less sum therefore than
$40,000, I conceive if subscribed and paid^ would be
doing little or nothing. No jierson who could be de-
])ended on, would undertake by contract a work
twenty or thirty thousand dollars, the completioi
which according to accurate estimates, would require
l|6o,ooo. I entirely coincide with your opinion, that
what remains to be done to perfect the navigation of
the Potomack, should be done by contract, under the
inspection of the directors, or of one or two confidential
and intelligent persons to be by them appointed to
superintend the contractor.

I have. Sir, an opinion equally sanguine as yours, of
the eventual productiveness to the stockholders, and
utility to the public of this great undertaking, but fear
it will not be completed for some years, from the want
of funds, and the inability of the stockholders to furnish
them to the extent estimated and required. This State,
to judge from the transactions of the last session of its
legislature, will advance no more money towards that
object, and similar causes may produce the same effects
in the Legislature of Virginia.

I beg you to present my respects to Mrs. Washington,

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Death of \Va shi Hilton A nnoitnccd, 231

and to receive the assurance of the perfect esteem and
very sincere regard of,

Dear Sir,
Your most liumble servant
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

Charles Carroll's able management of the affair
of the bank stock, and his statesman-like papers on
the subject, in which the rights and dignity of the
Government of Maryland are upheld, in a contro-
versy with the Government of Great Britain, form
a fitting close to the services rendered his native
State in a long public career. As a Federalist, he
doubtless, in the session « f 1798, fully endorsed the
action of the Assembly, in their address to President
Adams, approving of his administration, both in its
foreign policy and its " late regulations for internal
quiet ; " and he may have suggested the Senate's
amendment in reference to the ** faction opposed to
the government of our choice." John Adams in his
reply complimented Maryland in these words : •* Con-
vinced, as I have been, by an attentive observation of
more than twenty years, that there is no State in this
Union whose public affairs, upon all great national
occasions, have been conducted with more method,
wisdom and decision, or whose results \sic\ have been
the effect of a more comprehensive and profound
view of the subject, than those of the State of
Maryland etc."

There was reserved one more scene in the
Assembly in which Charles Carroll of Carrollton
was to be a conspicuous figure, the impressive

' Pennsylvania Historical Society.

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232 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

occasion of the announcement of Washington's
death, in the session of 1799. On December 17th,
the Senate, " to giv<" the people a pubh'c oppor-
tunity of regretting' ie irreparable loss which their
country has sustained " proposed a day of " mourn-
ing, humiliation, and prayer," throughout the State.
It was then ordered, ** That Mr. Carroll and Mr.
Forrest " communicate the above Resolution to
the House of Delegates ; and also the Resolution
that, "The General Assembly of Maryland, feeling
the most undissembled sorrow for the irreparable
loss of the illustrious Washington, and anxious to
pay every tribute of respect to the memory of the
departed friend to his country," furnish a scarf and
hatband to the Governor, President of the Senate,
and all the members of the Senate and House, in
attendance on the Assembly, all the Council, clerks,
and every ofificer of the State and General Govern-
ment in Annapolis ** to be worn during the session
as the external mark of their unfeigned grief." '

Roger Brooke Taney, then serving his first year
in the Assembly, as the young member from Calvert
County in the House of Delegates has preserved a
touching account of Charles Carroll's appearance
with these Resolutions, in the House of Delegates.
It will be seen that Taney's memory was at fault
as to Carroll's colleague, who was not John Eager
Howard, then in Congress, but the prominent
member of the Senate, Uriah Forrest of St. Mary's
County. This gentleman had been a lieutenant-
colonel in the Maryland Line, receiving a wound at

' Journal of the Maryland Senate.

1 .

Scene Described by Taney,

Germantown from the effects of which he never
recovered. He had also served in Congress, both
before and after the adoption of the Federal
Constitution.

" General Washington died while the Legislature was
still in session. The news reached Annapolis in the
evening, and the next morning, when the House met,
almost every countenance looked sad, and nothing
else was spoken of. Immediately after the Houses were
organized, the Senate sent down a message to the House
of Delegates proposing to pay appropriate honors.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton and John Eager Howard
[Uriah Forrest] two of the most distinguished men in
Maryland were appointed by the Senate to bring the
message, and I never witnessed a more impressive scene.
The two honored Senators with their gray locks, stood
at the bar of the House with the tears rolling down their
cheeks. The Speaker and members rose to receive
them, and stood while the message was delivered. It
was no empty formal pageant. It was the outward sign
of the grief within, and few were present who did not
shed tears on the occasion. My eyes, I am sure, were
not dry." '

' Tyler's " Life of Roger Brooke Taney" p. 85.

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CHAPTER VII.

RETIREMENT FROM PUBLIC LIFE.
1 800-1 807.

WITH the beginning of the new century Charles
Carroll's public career came to an end, the
session of 1800 being his last one in the Maryland
Senate. The Federalists who were in a majority of
two to one in the House of Delegates in 1800, were
reduced to a minority in 1801, and the political
character of the Senate was, of course, altered as
materially, the victorious party of Jefferson hav-
ing been triumphant in Annapolis as well as in
Washington.

The question of the mode of appointing electors
for President and Vice-President agitated Mary-
land at this time. The Virginia Legislature had
passed a law requiring electors to be chosen by a
general ticket ; this gave the whole electoral vote
to Jefferson. Maryland wanted to give her whole
vote to John Adams, but though the counties were
Federalist, Baltimore, with its large commercial
interests, was in favor of Jefferson, and in order to
prevent Baltimore's majority from overpowering

234

Letter to Alexander Hamilton.

235

that of the counties, it was proposed that the
Legislature should elect the electors. Robert
Goodloe Harper wrote a pamphlet in favor of this
plan, but many objected to it as depriving the
people of their rights. The contest resulted as has
been said, in the defeat of the Federalists. The
following correspondence between Charles Carroll of
CarroUton and Alexander Hamilton, touches upon
this point and it is seen how strongly Carroll dis-
trusted and dreaded the new party which was coming
into power with the election of Jefferson.

Annapolis, iSth April, 1800.
Dear Sir :

. . . We have strange reports circulated among us
respecting the prevalence of Jacobinical principles in
your State. It is asserted with confidence by the Anti-
federal party here, that all your electors will vote for
Mr. Jefferson as President. If such an event should
really happen, it is probable he will be chosen. Of such
a choice, the consequences to this country may be
dreadful. Mr. Jefferson is too theoretical and fanciful
a statesman to direct with steadiness and prudence the
affairs of this extensive and growing confederacy. He
might safely try his experiments, without much incon-
venience in the little republic of St. Marino, but his
fantastic tricks would dissolve this Union. Perhaps
the miseries of France, and more especially the govern-
ment of Buonaparte, may have weaned him from his
predelictions for revolutions. I once saw a letter of
his, in which, amongst several others, was contained
this strange sentiment, — ' that to preserve the liberties
of a people, a revolution once in a century was neces-

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236 Charles Carroll of Carroll to7t.

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sary.* A man of this way of thinking, may be said to
be fond of revolutions ; yet, possibly, were he the chief
magistrate, he might not wish for a revolution during
his presidency.

I beg my respects to Mrs. Hamilton, and to be kindly
remembered to General Schuyler.

I am, with very great regard and esteem, Dear Sir,
Your most humble servant,
Charles Carroll of Carrollton.'

[To Alexander Hamilton Esq.]

New York, July ist, 1800.
Dear Sir :

I yesterday returned from an excursion through three
of the four eastern States, and found your letter of the
18th of April. It is very necessary that the true and
independent friends of the government should communi-
cate, and understand each other, at the present very em-
barrassed and dangerous crisis of public affairs. I am
glad, therefore, of the opportunity which your letter
affords me of giving you some explanations which may
be useful. They are given without reserve, because the
times forbid temporising, and I hold no opinions which
I have any motives to dissemble. As to the situation of
this State with regard to the election of President, it is
perfectly ascertained that on a joint ballot of the two
houses of our legislature the opposersof the government
will have a majority of more than twenty ; a majority
which can by no means be overcome. Consequently all
our electors will vote for Mr. Jefferson, and Mr. Burr.
I think there is little cause to doubt that the electors in
the four eastern States will all be federal.

The only question seems to be as to Rhode Island,

' Hamilton's Works of Alexander Hamilton, vol. vi., p. 434.

Hamilton to Carroll.

237

where there is some division, and a state of things rather
loose. Governor Fenner, as far as he may dare, will
promote the interest of Jefferson.

A considerable diversion in favor of the opposition
has lately been made in New Jersey. But the best and
best informed men there, entertain no doubt that all her
electors will still be federal, and I believe this opinion
may be relied upon.

I go no further South, as I take it for granted your
means of calculation with regard to that quarter are, at
least, equal to mine.

The result of a comprehensive view of the subject,
seems to me to be, that the event is uncertain, but that
the probability is, that a universal adherence of the fed-
eralists to Pinckney will exclude Jefferson.

On this point there is some danger, thougli the great-
est number of strong minded men in Nev/ England arc
not only satisfied of the expediency of supporting Pinck-
ney^ as giving the best chance against Jefferson, but even
prefer him to Adams ; yet in the body of that people
there is a strong personal attachment to this gentleman,
and most of the leaders of the second class are so anx-
ious for his re-election that it will be difficult to con-
vince them that there is as much danger of its failure as
there unquestionably is, or to induce them faithfully to
co-operate in Mr. Pinckney, notwithstanding their com-
mon and strong dread of Jefferson.

It may become advisable, in order to oppose their
fears to their prejudices, for the middle States to declare
that Mr. Adams will not be supported at all, when see-
ing his success desperate, they would be driven to ad-
here to Pinckney. In this plan New Jersey and even
Connecticut, may be brought to concur. For both these
States have generally lost confidence in Mr. Adams.

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238 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

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But this will be best decided by future events and
elucidations. In the meantime it is not advisable that
Maryland should be too deeply pledged to the support
of Mr, Adams.

That this gentleman ought not to be the object of the
Federal wish, is, with me, reduced to demonstration.
His administration has already very materially disgraced
and sunk the government. There are defects in his
character which must inevitably continue to do this
more and more. And if he is supported by the federal
party, his party must in the issue fall with him. Every
other calculation, will in my judgment, prove illusory.

Doctor Franklin., a sagacious observer of human
nature, drew this portrait of Mr, Adams : — "He is al-
ways honest, sometimes great, but often inady I sub-
scribe to the justness of this picture, adding as to the
first trait of it this qualification — "as far as a man
excessively vain Tindi Jealous, and ignobly attached to place
can be,"

With consideration and esteem, I am, dear Sir, &c

[Alexander Hamilton.]
To Charles Carroll of Carrollton,'

1 1

Brooklandwood, near Baltimore, Aug. 27th, 1800.
Dear Sir :

I received this morning, at this place, the country
residence of my son-in-law, Mr, Caton, your letter of the
7th instant. I wish it were in my power to give you
pleasing intelligence of the politics in this State. Our
county (Ann Arundel), which was lately so federal is at
present much divided in the upper part of it, I suspect
there is a majority for anti-federal candidates to our

^ Ibid., vol. vi., p. 445.

■^«.»mw-«i)sr«ws«y?!<'' '7 •'r-'wwrewpB'"

ye ffer son s Election Dreaded, 239

State legislature. This change of sentiment has been
principally effected by a few characters, who, profiting
by the report that our legislature would take from the
people the right of choosing the electors of President
and Vice-President, have infused such jealousies into
the minds of the people, that I fear the federal ticket
will not prevail in Ann Arundel, unless the candidates
will promise not to take from the people the choice of
electors.

Notwithstanding the arts, and lies, and indefatigable
industry of the Jacobins in this State, I am of opinion a
great majority of its inhabitants are friendly to the fed-
eral government and its measures. I suspect Jefferson
and Burr will have three votes in this State, and that the
electors will be chosen by districts, and not by the legis-
lature. The federal electors will vote for Adams and
Pinckney, although the former has lost the confidence of
many of the federals from the incidents to which you
allude, and which are pretty generally circulated through
this State.

It is the character of the age to be timid and suspi-
cious ; and this infirmity, so natural to men of my time of
life, has no doubt its influence on my mind. I much fear
that this country is doomed to great convulsions, changes
and calamities. The turbulent and disorganizing spirit
of Jacobinism, under the worn-out disguise of equal
liberty and right, and equal division of property, held out
to the indolent and needy, bu'. not really intended to be
executed, will introduce anarchy, which will terminate
here, as in France, in a military despotism.

I understand Jefferson and Burr have all the votes in
Virginia. How the votes will be to the southward of
that State I can form no opinion, having no sure data to
form one. If the Virginia electors should suspect that

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240 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Burr might out-vote their favorite, Jefferson, they would
leave out Burr, or only leave him a few votes.

I hope the eastern electors, in a case of so much im-
portance, and when they come to consider the baneful
effects which may result from their giving a chance to the
election of Jefferson or Burr for President, will vote
unanimously for Adams and Pinckney : if they do not
act in this manner, it is highly probable that Jefferson
will be elected President.

Although I dislike laws and changes suited to the spur
of the occasion, yet as I see many evils are likely to re-
sult from the choice of a Jacobinical President, the
insidious policy of Virginia should, in my opinion, be
counteracted ; and if we should have a federal House of
Delegates (of which I really have doubts from the present
ferment in public minds,) I hope the legislature will
choose ** pro hac vice," the electors of President and
Vice-President. I say I hope, for I am not certain, even
if the new House of Delegates should be federal, that
they would pass such a law, as many of the members will
probably be instructed not to vote for it.

I have given you my sentiments upon the subject of
your letter and all the information I possess, which, to
speak the truth, is chiefly derived from others, and those
well disposed to our present government.

Burr will probably act with more decision than Jeffer-
son, if elected President, and will go on better with his
party, but will not Jefferson be afraid to disoblige his
party, and may he not be driven to measures which his
own judgment would reject.

A wise and federal Senate may, for a considerable time,
restrain the wild projects of the Jacobin faction, and in
politics as in war, who gains time, I will not say with the
great Frederick, gains everything^ but gains du great deal.

Marriao^c of Charles Carroll, Jr. 241

If the war in Europe should be protracted to another
year, I fear the anti-federal party will endeavor to pre-
cipitate this country into a war with England, and the
depredations committed by her cruisers on our trade will
aid their designs. I hope, however, the coming winter
will produce a general peace. In chat event we shall
have one evil the less to dread from the machinations of
the enemies of order and good government.

It is much to be wished that our envoys to France
may be able to accommodate our differences with that
nation, before peace is concluded between it and England,
otherwise Buonaparte will, I fear, make us purchase the
forbearance of the great nation at a very dear rate.

I am with sentiments of high esteem and respect, dear
Sir, Your most humble servant,

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

[To Alexander Hamilton, Esq.] '

Two marriages in the family of Charles Carroll of
Carrollton about this time, must have been matters
of deep interest to him as a parent, making, as they
did, a complete change in his domestic circle.
Charles Carroll, Jr. married on the 17th of July, 1800,
Harriet, daughter of the Hon. Benjamin Chew, Chief
Justice of Pennsylvania, of the same family as the
Chews of Maryland and Virginia. Judge Chew had
been twice married, and was the father of six daugh-
ters. Several of these ladies were celebrated as
belles in the social annals of Philadelphia. Of the
two elder ones, Joseph Shippen, one of Philadel-
phia's local poets, wrote in flattering phrases in
some lines on the city beauties ; while ** Peggy "

' Ibid., vol. vi., p. 467.
VOL. n— 16

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242 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

Chew, the eldest of the younger group of sisters,
was one of the heroines of the " Meschianza," in
which entertainment she was associated with the
unfortunate Major Andrc' by whom she was greatly
admired. Though the Chews were Tories, the beau-
tiful ** Peggy " married a gallant Continental officer,
Col. John Eager Howard. This wedding took place
in 1787, at the time of the session of the Federal
Convention, and General Washington was present
at the ceremony.

The three other sisters were Harriet, Mrs. Carroll;
Sophia, Mrs. Henry Philips ; and Maria, Mrs. Mick-
lin. Portraits of Mrs. Howard, Mrs. Carroll, and
Mrs. Philips are extant painted, the former by Pine,
and the other two by Trumbull. A daughter of
Benjamin Chew, Jr., only brother of these ladies,
married the Hon. James Murray Mason of Virginia.
The beautiful home of the Chews at Germantown
— '* Cliveden " — erected in 1761, still stands, and re-
mains in possession of the family. It attained
celebrity during the Revolution as the Chew House,
around which the battle of Germantown was fought.
Sophia and Harriet Chew were great favorites with
Washington, and he saw much of them while Con-
gress was in session at Philadelphia. When Wash-
ington sat for his portrait to Gilbert Stuart at the
artist's house in April, 1796, it is related that he
was several times accompanied by Harriet Chew,
" whose conversation, he said, should give his face
its most agreeable expression." * Col. Howard
had entered Congress, from Maryland, in 1796.

' Griswold's " Republican Court," p. 411.

•* IlouiewooiV and " The Ilouicstcad!' 243

Charles Carroll. Jr., was twenty-five at the date of
his marriage, and tradition says he had been in love
earlier with Nellie Custis, the charming c^randdau^h-
tcr of Mrs. Washington. A letter from Charles
Carroll of Carrollton to his son, dated the 3d of
July, has this quaint allusion to the marriage settle-
ment, and the fee to the lawyer, Charles Carroll's
relative and old friend, William Cooke. " Mr. Cooke
asks a quarter cask of Madeira for drawing the
marriage settlement. I have written him that I shall
present you this summer or autumn with a but of
Madeira out of which you will let him have thirty
gallons." ' In the same letter the father writes :
" I cannot be present at the ceremony. A journey
to Philadelphia at this hot season would be too
fatiguing for me." It will be remembered that at
this time a journey to Philadelphia from Baltimore
was no light undertaking, and could not be accom-
plished in less than five days. The young couple
established themselves at " Homewood," an estate
in Baltimore County, on which Charles Carroll of
Carrollton had built for his son a handsome brick
residence, which is still standing, attracting the ad-
miration of modern architects. ''

One mile south of " Homewood " was the Patter-
son place " The Homestead " where Jerome Bona-
parte and his brilliant American bride lived for the
one short year of their ill-starred alliance. The hills
around the growing young city of Baltimore were

•i lil

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

* " Examples of Domestic Architecture in Maryland and Virginia."
By James M. Corner and E. E. Soderholtz. Boston, 1892.

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244 Charles Canvll of Carrollton,

adorned with the country lionies of many of its
prominent citizens, most of tlu.m incUidcd since
within its corporation h"mits. The neiL^hborinj^f ri.-si-
dencc to "Tile Homestead" was " (ireen Mount,"
now a cemeter)', but then the liandsome estate of
Robert Oliver. At "Druid Hill," Jialtimore's
beautiful park, lived Col. Nicholas Rof_;ers, a Rev-
olutionary officer who devoted his last years to the
delis^hts of landscape j^Mrdenint^f. Col. John Eager
Howartl had brought " Peggy Chew " from stately
" Cliveden " to a newer but even more imposing
home in ^.-laryland, lovely " Iklvederc," now a most
valuable city property. Among Col. Howard's
liberal gifts of land to Baltimore was the ground on
which stands the Washington Monument. He was
wise enough, however, in his bequests to provide
that " Helvedere " should not be swallowed up in
the city's progress. When in 1784, he subscribed a
certain amount of money for opening Calvert Street,
he gave it with the condition that the street should
not be made to run through his grounds. " Beech-
wood," the home of Robert Gilmor, lay on an ele-
vated site west of Baltimore, overlooking the wide
river. And nine miles from the city rose the walls
of palatial " Hampton," built by Capt. Charles
Ridgely of the Continental Navy, in 17^3. iins
place remains to-day in the Rid;' ' niily, and
like " Doughoregan Manor," it is k ap in all tk^
pride and beauty of these years of vv.iich a\ c write.
Mary Caton lived with her husband at " Bruokland-
wood " another handsome estate not far distant, at
the entrance of what is known as Green Spring

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Valley. And here the lovely Caton sisters were to
grow up, three of them marrying abroad, later, into
titled English houses.

Other country-seats nearer Washington, where
lived Charles Carroll's relatives or friends, were
" The Woodyard," " Poplar Hill," " Mclwood,"
"Bel Air" and '* Oxon Hill," the homes of the
Darnalls, Sewalls, Diggeses, Ogles, and yVddisons.
The easy social life of the Southern planter and
country gentleman, Charles Carroll of Carrollton
would now have leisure to enjoy, unimpeded by calls
of public duty. But in this the last year of the
Federalist administrations, he had many misgivings
for the future of his country which was to exchange
the policies of Washington and Adams for the un-
tried system of Jeffersonian Democracy. In a letter
written to his son, a few months after the latter's
marriage, he expresses the same views confided to
Hamilton, and he seems to fear anarchy, and to con-
template seriously the possibility of being driven
into exile. He writes from the home of Mrs. Caton,
(from which place he had dated his letter to Hamil-
ton of August 27th) and he had just been on a
visit to Col. Howard.

Brookkandwijou, 23r(l Oct., 1800.
Dear Charles :

I got here last night more than two hours after sunset.
Mr. Caton accomi)anied me from Belvedere. We were
overtaken with a thunderstorm about three miles from
this place, and heavy rain. We took slielter and re-
mained upwards of an hour in a poor cottage where we
sat during the height of the storm by a comfortable fire.

246 Charles Carroll oj Carroll ton.

■\%\

The good inhabitant, a mother, was giving supper to her
three children ; it consisted of boiled Irish potatoes and
milk. They ate their supper with a good appetite, and
were immediately put to bed. What do you think were
my thoughts during this scene ? It occurred to me that
in the course of a few years I might be driven into exile
by the prevalence of an execrable faction, and forced to
shelter in as poor a hovel the remnant of a life, a con-
siderable part of which had been faithfully devoted to
my country's service. I reflected, however, that if this
turn of fortune should fall to my lot, that very little
would support nature. This train of thought brought
forcibly to my mind the v/ise lesson of Ulysses to one of
the suitors. You will find it in the 4th volume of the
Odyssey. It is well worth your perusal and observance ;
the poetry is fine, the advice worthy the wisdom of the
much enduring and experienced man, and the morality
truly sublime. Such reflections are necessary and should
be frequently entertained in times like these, by men
whose present prospects are bright and promising. They
serve to prepare the mind for adversities, and enable Uo
to bear the frowns and snubs of Fortune with resignation
and fortitude. A mind thus lectured and tutored, will
derive self-satisfaction from the consciousness that it will
remain firm and unbroken in the midst of adverse
storms. Can the pitiful pleasure resulting from a fine
equipage and the gratifications of wealth, which the
greatest villains may enjoy, be compared with this firm
and steady temper of the mind, and its advantages ? . .
Give my love to Harriet, and kind remembrances to
her sister Maria and the rest of the family. I called
Tuesday on Mrs. Howard. She and the children and
Miss Nancy were well. They will remove next Friday
from the country to Belvedere. Enclosed is a letter for

Letters to his Son.

247

Maria which I forgot to leave with Nancy Lloyd to be
put into the post-office. I hope Maria will excuse this
forgetfulness. I send you also a letter from your ac-
quaintance Geraw which I opened through mistake,
thinking it addressed to myself. Mr and Mrs Caton desire
to be kindly remembered to you and Harriet and the
dear family.

Be frugal, be thoughtful, be methodical. You will
have great occasion for the full exercise of all these
qualities. Your affectionate father

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

Extracts from other letters of Charles Carroll to
his son, written in 1801, are interesting as revealing
his fine character, his piety, and his prudence and
exactness in the conduct of his affairs. And his
political speculations, curiously incorrect as they
proved to be, exhibit the old apprehensions of a too
feeble "confederacy," with the resulting effect of its
early dismemberment, which he shared with most
of his party.

Annapolis 30tli Jamimy, iSoi.

. . . I am glad to hear that you and your wife
both look very well, tho' you complain of not being well,
for want of occupation and exercise. Homewood should
occupy you and the weather, excepting a few days past,
has been well suited to exercise.

You must exercise not only your body, but mind, both
will become torpid and diseased, if exercise and study
be neglected and disused. Accustom yourself to think,
and when you read, read with attention, and for im-

' MS : Letter, owned by Hon. John Lee Carroll, published in part
in Appldons Jourttal^ Sept. 19th, 1874.

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248 Charles Carroll of Carrol llofi.

provement, not to kill time, which always hangs heavily
on idlers. Pursue this method ; after you have been
reading till your attention begins to flag, reflect on what
you have read, examine the justness of the author's
thoughts, and compare them with your own on the same
subject ; if it be scientific and argumentative, examine
whether the inferences are logically drawn from the
premises ; if merely literary, endeavour to treat the same
topic, and try whether you can express your sentiments
as justly, as neatly and concisely as the author. The
most beautiful thoughts are always expressed in the
plainest language which ought to resemble the dress of
an elegant woman, and be simplex mundities. The most
sublime and affecting passages in Virgil, and even in
Shakespeare, who is too often turgid, are clothed in such
language. It is this charm which endears the poetry of
Pope to every classic reader of taste.

In improving your mind, remember your God. The
fear of the Lord, says the wise man, is the beginning of
wisdom ; without virtue there can be no happiness ; and
without religion, no virtue ; consider yourself as always
in the presence of the Almighty, if this sentiment be
strong and vivid, you will never sin or commit any
action you would be ashamed to commit before man.
VitcB bene anteald, says Tully, jucundessema est recorda-
tion j and Pope sings: 'and peace, oh virtue, peace is
all thy own '. God bless you."

^'' 8th February. . . I wish you to learn the value
and real use of money ; perhaps experience may teach
you this useful and necessary lesson ; but reflection is
necessary to acquire it, and energy of mind and personal
activity and firmness are not less so to conduct your
affairs to advantage.

The story you have related of Adams is conformable

) i

Marriage of Catharine Carroll, 249

to his character. I have given him up since tlie receipt
of Mr. Henry's letters ; neither Jefferson or Burr can
make so bad a president as Adams, had he been re-
elected ; it is fortunate indeed for this country that he
was not. I hope Burr will be chosen by the House of
Representatives. I had some hopes, before I read Jef-
erson's letter published in the Federal Gazette of last
Friday, that he would, if elected, administer the govern-
ment wisely, and thus if not extinguishing party at least
moderate its excesses ; but it is impossible, if the senti-
ments disclosed in that letter are his real sentiments,
that he can act with wisdom. The man who entertains
such ideas is totally unfit to govern this or any other
country. If he does not think as he writes, he is a
hypocrite, and his pitiful cant is the step ladder to his
ambition. Burr, I suspect, is not less a hypocrite than
Jefferson ; but he is a firm, steady man, and possessed,
it is said, of great energy and decision ; the other poor
creature, will be afraid of using his constitutional powers
in defence of the people, lest he may offend these ignor-
ant and suspicious sovereigns. Thus will the powers of
the general government, at least the executive part of
it, be benumbed and gradually usurped by the larger
States and so will terminate the Union, if Jefferson
should continue President for eight years. . . .
^'' Annapolis^ 12th February : My affairs at present are
in good order, my accounts clear and regular, and in the
condition I hope to leave them when I depart hence." '

On the first of May, 1801, Catharine Carroll was
married at Annapolis to Robert Goodloe Harper of
South Carolina. This gentleman, eminent as a
lawyer and as a statesman, was born in Virginia

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

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250 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

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in 1765. As a boy of fifteen he had fought under
Greene in the Southern campaign. Sent to Con-
gress from South Carolina in 1794, he developed
later into a leader of the Federalists, and was con-
sidered one of their ablest debaters. He made his
home in Maryland after his marriage, entering the
U. S. Senate in 181 5. Many of Charles Carroll's
letters to this son-in-law are extant, and with those
to his son, supply a record of the patriot's life for
a long period, as far as that could be manifested in
an intimate and affectionate correspondence.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton wrote to Charles
Carroll, Jr., from " Doughoregan," July loth, 1801 :
" Do not neglect to attend to this matter [some
business concern]. He who postpones till to-morrow
what can and ought to be done to-day, will never
thrive in this world. It was not by procrastination
this estate was acquired, but by activity, thought,
perseverance, and economy, and by the same means
it must be preserved and prevented from melting
away." Charles Carroll speaks in this letter of
going " to Carrollton the latter part of September,"
his usual time for visiting this plantation. The
birth of a grandson and namesake on the 25th
of July, 1801, is thus alluded to in a note of con-
gratulation dated the following day : '* I sincerely
rejoice with you on the recent happy event, the
birth of your son. May this child when grown to
manhood be a comfort to his parents in the decline
of life, and support the reputation of his family." '

The letters to Robert Goodloe Harper are full

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

'If;

Letters to Robert G. Harper. 251

full

of allusions to public affairs. Writing from Annap-
olis, March lotli, 1802, Charles Carroll says: "I
have read Giles' speech. It is the most specious
which I have seen on that side of the question, and
I suspect that Jefferson, Madison, and Giles have
clubbed heads to produce that artful piece of
sophistry, for in reality it is destitute of sound
argument, and is convincing proof to my mind that
these men are acting against their own conceptions
of the true meaning and spirit of the Federal Con-
stitution." '

Other letters of 1802 to Harper are as follows:

" Annapolis, March 14th : I have just heard two pieces
of intelligence which if true are both important. That
the Spanish government has purchased from the French,
Louisiana, for twenty millions of dollars and that our
bank stock claim has ceased to be an object of diplomatic
negotiation, and is remanded back to the Court of
Chancery for a legal decision, and that the same com-
missioners are to proceed in the liquidation of debts due
from American citizens to British subjects. If this last
intelligence be true it looks as if the British ministry
were bent on quarrelling with this country, or that it is
no object with them to have a good understanding, and
be on a friendly footing with us. Dr. Murray who has
just left me, says that Mr. Whittington brings from the
seat of government these articles of news. The first I
hope is true ; the second I am not sorry for, as in my
judgment so plain a case as the right of this State to its
stock in the Bank of England ought never to have been
taken out of the Court of Chancery and submitted to
negotiation.

' I'amily papers, Mrs. William C. Feniiington.

''41

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252 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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I can scarcely credit all the news ; if the British cabi-
net insist on the same commissioners going on and ascer-
taining what debts the general government must pay,
Congress must give up the idea of repealing the internal
taxes, for McDonald and his associates will award to
British subjects at least $20, 000,000 if they act upon the
same principles which guided their former conduct."

^^ Vfli.i^/iori'gan, jfidy 4th: I had formerly stipulated
with my slaves claiming freedom as descendants from
Joyce, that I would abide by the issue of the trial of
Charles Mahoney. The council for the petitioners
informed me that if I would renew that stipulation and
extend it to the event of the trial to be had next October
term, they would not file petitions for freedom against
me, . . . The question on which the Court of Ap-
peals differed from the General Court was that if Joyce
being a slave was carried to England and from thence
brought to this country her issue did not by such event
become free. When the former trials were had in the
General Court, the council for Ashton urged the jury to
find in their special verdict that, Joyce was a slave in
Barbadoes, and was thence carried to England by her
master and sold to Lord Baltimore, but the jury refused
to find this fact ; they found only that Joyce came from
England with Lord Baltimore. And if on the trial to
be had in October the jury should be of the same opin-
ion, the petitioners for freedom will succeed, the Court
of Appeals having on the last point affirmed the judgment
of the General Court. The only material fact is, where
did yoyce come froiii to this country'^ If from England,
Ashton must prove she was carried there as a slave. I
think the weight of testimony on the former trials was
contrary to that fact, and so the juries found."

" December loth : It is reported here, but I suspect

i 1

Account of St. Johns College. 253

without foundation that llioinas the great man, begins
to be tired of his friend I\u'/ic."

" December /4th : Jefferson and his chief partisans at
the seat of government may pretend to be disgusted with
Paine, but that they are really so I do not believe. They
find his late publications injure their cause with some of
their own party, and therefore they may wish to discard
the author, but his political principles are api)roved by
all of them, and his abuse of Washington by several, and
I fear very many of them approve of his blasphemous
writings against the Christian religion." '

Charles Carroll of Carrollton was one of three
gentlemen who were deputed by the Governors and
Visitors of St. John's College in March 1803, "to
publish an account of the state of the college, and
of the advantages it possesses and may afford." ' In
continuing the excerpts from the correspondence
with his son-in-law, we find Charles Carroll writing
much of European politics, and the great Napoleonic
wars then absorbing the attention of the civilized
world, and indirectly affecting the interests of the
United States.

"1803, 25th April: Notwithstanding the dispatch to
Yrou [D' Yrujo] I am still of the opinion that Bonaparte
directed his master to instruct the Intendant at New
Orleans to shut that port against us, to feel the pulse of
the western peoi:)le and thus to a])preciate the iniblic
sentiment of the United States, and to act accordingly
as the temper of this country and the existing state of
things in Europe might suggest the properest mode of
proceeding with us. Seeing the probability of war be-

JbU.

'^ Riley's History of Annapolis, p. 2io.

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254 Charles Carroll of CairoUton.

twcen France and England, Bonaparte, I suspect, has
ordered the King to countermand his former instructions
and to send those forwarded to Yruo [!)' YrujoJ by the
hite arrival. If war should take place between England
and France, I hope the first expedition of the English
will be against Louisiana and tlie two Floridas, and if
conquered that they will sell to the United States both
those provinces."

" Doug/iofCi^nn Sth June : By some late English news-
l)apers and a letter from Mr. William Cook, Senr., I
jierceive that Malta is not the principal cause of differ-
ence between England and France. Bonaparte is using
every art and all his influence to exclude the British
manufacturers from the continent of Europe, and I sus-
pect has prevailed over the countries over which he has
supreme control, to pass laws against the introduction
of British wares and merchandise. This surely is war
in reality though not in name, and the ministry of Great
Britain seemed determined not to suffer France to trade
as long as Bonaparte pursues such hostile measures
against the commerce of England. Yet why have they
permitted several vessels with troops for St. Domingo to
sail from Dunkirk and other ports of France ? If Bona-
parte lives and rules, war between France and England
is inevitable in my opinion. As soon as the English can
get a sufificient force at sea, I expect they will block up
all the ports of France."

^'- Doughorcgan^ 2jrd "yunc \ By the last intelligence
from Belfast the probability of war is greatly increased,
but that event was not decided when Capt. Barber
sailed. It appeared that Lord Whitworth was expected
in London in a few days, and that Andreossi had applied
for his passports, yet I cannot help thinking that Bona-
parte will concede some points, and try to renew the

A Foreign Policy SkctcJicd.

'55

negotiation to sjnn it out and to gain time. He cannot
be prepared for a naval war witli England, and the
invasion of that island in the face of so great a superiority
of her power at sea would be a most rash attempt, which
would probably terminate in a signal defeat, and the
loss or capture of many ships and 50,000 men ; such an
event might shake the consul's throne and restore the
monarchy to the ancient line of the Dourbons. Depend
upon it the present administration will not join Great
Ikitain in a war against France. Bonaparte will feed
Monroe with fair and fine promises, and those will be
accepted and depended on ; great advantages will be
promised to the United States, perhaps a free trade to
the French colonics on the same terms with the trade of
France to those colonies for a limited period after the
termination of the war with Great Britain ; a perpetual
grant of deposit to New Orleans, the free navigation of
the Mississippi.

I am of opinion it would be good policy to unite with
Great Britain against France and her allies, seize upon
all the country to the east of the Mississippi, and under
cover of the British fleet land 30,000 men in the province
of Yucatan, march to Mexico, then to Peru, and to de-
clare the Spanish colonies independent, and their in-
dependence to be guaranteed by Great Britain and the
United States. If we enter into the war I am not for doing
things by halves. If Monroe is instructed to negotiate
only for the right of navigation through the Mississippi,
to be acknowledged by France as a perpetual right,
secured to us by the treaty with Spain, and binding on
France, I make no doubt those terms will be readily
acquiesced in by Bonaparte, and it is not probable that
ourpusilanimous administration, so averse to war, stand-
ing armies and expense, would dare to ask for more ;

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256 Cliarlcs Can'oll of Carrolltou.

if so could our government, if now inclined, recede from
these terms ? Have our rulers had the foresight to
instruct Monroe not to be Um i)reci[)itate in unfolding
his terms, but to act according to appearances of i)eace
or war between France and ICngland ? If tliey have
neglected to instruct him so to act, in this as in mos of
their measures, they are extremely reprehensible. When
Monroe left this country negotiations between England
and France were going on, and it was known here that
no good understanding subsisted between these powers.
Surely our Cabinet have enjoined Monroe to avail him-
self of the event of the differences between those two
nations not being amicably settled."

^^ J)oui:;/ion\i:;an, loth jfiily : The accjuisition of Lou-
isiana is a fortunate event for the United States, if
obtained without a clause or article which may involve
us in a war with Great Britain. I do not like that part
of Mr. Livingston's memorial relating to the right of
search claimed by the British. The right in the mem-
orial is considered as an usurpation, which ought to be
resisted by neutral powers when in condition to oppose
to it an effectual opposition. Do you know the bounds
of Louisiana as claimed by France previously to its
surrender to the Spaniards in 1763? When does our
treaty with Great Britain expire ? If the French after
the cession to the United States of Louisiana, should be
permitted to trade to New Orleans on the same footing
with Americans, paying no greater duties, would not the
English in consequence of Jay's Treaty be entitled to
the same privilege ? "

" Doi/g/ioregan, November loth. : What think you of
the Louisiana business ? Will the Spaniards resist if we
should endeavour to take forcible possession ? If there
should not be an understanding between France and

The Acquisition of Louisiajta. 257

Spain in this transaction (but I suspect they act in con-
cert) the opposition of Spain to our taking possession of
the ceded country may draw Spain into a war with France ;
in that event England and S))ain will become allies, and
how are we in that case to possess ourselves of Lou-
isiana ? If force be used it probably will not succeed
and should we succeed Spain will declare war against
us ; England cannot as the ally c^ opaui, assist us, and
the superiority of the Spanish naval force will annihilate
our commerce. I fear the acquisition of I^ouisiana from
France by purchase will involve this country in serious
difficulties,"

** March I2th : I cannot agree in opinion with General
Hamilton that should Colonel IJurr be elected Governor
of New York, his election would cement the union [of]
and increase the Democratic party. Where seeds of such
deadly hate have been sown no true reconciliation can
grow. The Jeffersonians and Burrites are at open hos-
tility ; those parties can never again coalesce, their breach
is too public and wide. If the election of Burr should
destroy the influence of the Jeffersonian and Clintonian
factions in the State of New York, it is probable that
from Pennsylvania eastward, the Jeffersonian party will
decline and be extinguished in the course of two or three
years. I have hopes such an event would have a happy
effect on this State ; on the contrary should Judge Lewis
be elected Governor, the Clintonian or Jeffersonian fac-
tion (I consider these two parties acting at present with
the same views) will acquire strength and consolidation."

" A/>n7 igth : By the National Intelligencer of the 15th
instant, I perceive the votes between Gilman and Lang-
don so far as known were even, and that it was certain
that Langdon would have a handsome majority when all
the votes were collected, and that the Democrats, falsely

VOL. 11—17

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258 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

styled in that paper Republicans, would have a majority
in both branches of the New Hampshire legislature. I
hope this account will not be confirmed." '

In 1805 took place the famous impeachment trial
of Samuel Chase. He was then nearly sixty-four,
and is described by Sullivan as " a man of herculean
frame and vigorous mind ; a learned and honest man
no doubt, but not of courteous manners on the
bench." ' Like Luther Martin, Chase had been
metamorphosed from an Antifederalist into a *' bull-
dog of Federalism," and as an associate judge of the
Supreme Court he had made himself odious to the
Democrats in the government prosecutions during
the Adams administration under the famous Sedition
law. Ilis conduct of these cases subjected him to
the charges of partisanship and unfairness, and there
were other counts against him of a similar character.
Charles Carroll of Carrollton, however, looking upon
the trial with the bias of the Federalist, gave Chase
his sympathy, and regarded the impeachment with
the greater interest as his son-in-law was selected as
one of the counsel for the defence. Several of the
following letters to Robert Goodloe Harper refer to
this subject.

" Annapolis I2th J^anuary iSo^ : I see the Senate have
given Mr, Chase only to the 4th of next month to put in
his answer ; can he possibly be prepared to make his de-
fence so soon, or can his counsel be prepared in that
time to do justice to his cause. It is reported here that

• P'amily papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.
" Sullivan's " Familiar Letters," p. 200.

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have
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hnpcachment of yndge Chase. 259

Colonel Burr is very intimate at the President's. Can
this be true after the abuse he has met with ixoxw the
President's partisans in the public prints ? "

^'' February 24th : I thank you for *he answer of Mr.
Chase to the articles of impeachment which you sent by
Mr. J. T. Chase with the Athenian Letters which are re-
ceived. The answer of Judge Chase in my opinion is
a very able, perspicuous, firm and temperate defence of
his conduct, and a most satisfactory refutation of the
sundry charges contained in the articles. I sincerely
hope the same judgment will be formed by his judges.
From your letters to Kitty of the 21st and 22d, which
she received by Saturday's mail, we entertain great hopes
that Mr. Chase will be honorably acquitted ; this event
should it take place, may affix a stigma on the i)arty
which originated the prosecution upon such slender
grounds. But upon the decision of a party (two thirds
of his judges being of it) I can [)lace no dependence ;
instances of the most flagrant injustice in trials on im-
peachment occur in the history of England. Nothing
can exceed the ini'piity of the judges who condemned the
Earl of Stafford, implicated in the ridiculous, contempti-
Me plot fabricated by Titus Gates."

" February 28lh : This day has determined whether a
sense of justice has overcome the blindness and bitter-
ness of party zeal in one third of the judges of Mr. Chase.
It is reported here that, he will be actpiitted by a major-
ity. I cannot bring myself to be of this opinion, however
desirous I am of its being realized. When I reflect on
the baseness of the measuics which have given the as-
cendency to the ruling faction, their abuse of power ob-
tained, and violations of the Constitution to perpetuate
it, I despair of Mr. Chase's having even a third of the
Senators in his favor. P. S. March ^rd : I rejoice at the

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acquittal of Mr. Chase. I consider it a triumph over
party spirit ; but do not the votes against him on some
of the charges justify in a great degree Ihe severity of my
censure and judgment passed in this letter, on the fac-
tion ? The charges of which eighteen votes found him
guilty, appear to me as little liable to censure, and to
warrant his condemnation, as the one of which thirty-
four acquitted him,"

" DougJwrc^an, Juue 2Sih : Great events may be ex-
pected from the large armaments in the West Indies, If
the English Government be not too much distracted with
party squabbles, it has now an opportunity by sending
ten or twelve more ships of the line to join Bickerton's
[here the seal has torn the paper] block up the French
and Spanish fleet in MartinK^ue, when the crews will
probably in the course of a few months, from the want >.(
provisions and the diseases of the climate, lose two-thir-j^,
of their number ; and in the same proportion and from
the same causes their land force; will decrease in the
same time."

" ^///r 2d : I am much pleased at the reversal of the
al)surd opinion or decision of the General Court in the
case of the Roman Catholic clergy. The bishop [Bishop
Carroll was then on a visit to the Manor] informs me
you have also succeeded in the case of the mandamus.
Do send by my son's servant, Tom, the latest ncwsjiapers.
Do you not think the British naval affairs are not con-
ducted with the same sjjirit, energy, and promptitude
which distinguished its operations in the last war ? "

^* fitly 4th: Before the British ministry can equip a
fleet sufficiently strong to cope with the combined squad-
rons in the West Indies and detach a body of land
forces to oppose those of the enemy, it is probable sev-
eral of the English islands will be taken or ravaged ;

Proposed Purchase of Florida. 26 1

except Barbadoes and Jamaica, none of the others I
apprehend, can make much resistance ; disunion and
sickness of the crews and troops of France and Spain
may perhaps save the islands."

" Annapolis, 24th February, 1806 : A report is in cir-
culation here that our government is in treaty with Spain
for the purchase of the Floridas for which seven millions
of dollars are to be given, and all Louisiana on the west
of the Mississippi to be ceded to that monarchy. 1 can-
not credit t.iis report, the bargain would be too disadvan-
tageous to this country, and the Senate, I presume, will
not sanction such a treaty, though the Executive should
be willing to make the sacrifice to obtain peace. An
exchange of that part of Louisiana lying on the west of
the Mississippi for the Floridas might be a desirable
exchange if Spain were to pay us lifteen millions to effect
it. I suppose West Louisiana is at least five times as
large as the two Floridas, and in point of fertility of soil
and healthfulness of climate there can be no comparison
between the two countries. Is not the disjjroportion
between them in these respects richly worth fifteen mil-
lions of dollars ? I would wish you to bring with you
Mr. Madison's pamphlet in support of the direct inter-
course in time of war of our city merchants l)etween the
colonies of France and Spain and the mother countries.
Does he admit the legality of our carrying from those
colonies their produce to J''rance and Si)ain, remaining
the property of the colonists, or of the merchants of
those countries ? If he does not, what satisfactory evi-
dence can be given that the produce of tlnjse colonies
has become />ona fide American property ? Clearances
from those ports certifying the cargoes to be purchased
by and to belong to citizens of the United States, and
the oaths of the masters of the vessels and supercargoes

i\Ai.

■■:'i"'i*

262 Charles Carroll of Car rollto7i.

to the same effect will not be admitted, I presume, in
British tribunals, as sufficient evidence of a knin fide
transfer of the property shijjped on board of sue-',
vessels.

" If the account in the Courier of the 19th December,
of the battles of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th, of that month
should be true, and that the Archduke Charles had given
Massena the slip and joined the Archduke John, and the
Hungarian levy, and if the King of Prussia should act
with vigor and decision against the French, the Emperor
Napoleon may find it much more difficult to regain the
frontiers of France than to have penetrated with little
loss into the heart of the Austrian dominions. Time
alone will clear up these uncertainties. Napoleon must
have been confident of a final success in the war when
he rejected the proffered mediation of Prussia for peace,
but the bloody battles between him and Alexander had
not then taken place ; adversity may teach him modera-
tion, and he may be induced by a reverse of fortune to
accept jf terms less favourable than those which were
offered him by Prussia. The insurrections Napoleon is
said to have endeavoured to excite in Poland to enable
the Poles to regain their inde])endence m'lst rouse the
jealousy of Russia, Prussia, and Austria, and 'hose mon-
archs tvill no doubt strive to restrani all future attempts
of the kind by curtailing the power of the French
Emperor."

" March 4ih : I have seen the account of the decisive
victory gained on the 2nd December over the combined
Austro-Russian army by Napoleon, and that the two
Emperors have been compelled to make peace, or at
least to submit to an armistice which must be followed
by a peace which will leave to Bonaparte a great and
preponderating influence on the Continent of Europe.

\\>i

Napoleons Great Victories,

263

Will England have the spiric to continue the war? Will
not the faction opposed to IST-. !"'itt force the British
government to make peace ? A ,^eare, should it be made
under present circumstances, that will probaljly terminate
in the subversion of her constitution and power. I hope
England will continue a naval war ; we, in my poor judg-
ment should make an alliance offensive and defensive
with her, and raise an army of twenty-five thousand men,
and under the British flag transport them to Mexico,
and with the co-operation of an English army and navy
render Mexico and Peru independent. This measure
would cut off the resources of France in a great degree,
and open an extensive and lucrative trade to England
and this country. Although our government has com-
mitted itself by the Miranda business, I suspect it will
court the friendship of France by declaring war against
England in order to do away [with] any unfavorable
impression its knowledge of that expedition and its con-
nivance at it may make on the mind of Napoleon. From
the paper I have read, I have no doubt of the truth of
the account from Bordeaux, at least in substance ; mat-
ters may be exaggerated, but that Russia will be obliged
to withdraw from the coalition, abandon Great Britain,
and perhaps form another armed neutrality, there is
every reason to fear. Austria must implicitly submit to
the dictates of Napoleon, Nothing is said of Prussia.
Has not the King of Prussia done enough to draw on
Inmself the resentment of Napoleon ? The papers of
this evening will probably contain further details.

"/*. S. I have read Thursday's gazette. If Napoleon
should offer moderate terms of peace to Great Britain I
fear the opposition will force the ministry to accept them,
and in ten years if the Emperor of the French should
live so long, he may have a navy able to cope with that

i i

• i

. M

•) ' A

^:\\

'i i

264 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

of England. It is true Europe must feel its degraded
state, and its sovereigns if possessed of energy and wis-
dom, and a sense of honor, will endeavour to emancipate
themselves from the thraldom of France. If England
continues the war opportunities may be presented of
reducing the power of France, and these will assuredly
be embraced by the powers of the continent. If the
French present a true state of facts the Russians have
acted with great stupidity."

" April gth : Do you believe the letter from Germany
giving an account of the disgrace and punishment of sev-
eral Austrian officers of high rank to be authentic ? If
true no wonder the Austrians were so shamefully de-
feated. Russia and England are the only powers now
able to cope with Napoleon, and I fear if Fox's politics
prevail in the cabinet of London, that, England in a few
years will share the same fate as Germany, Italy, Spain,
Sv/itzerland, and Holland." '

Charles Carroll of Carrollton sat for his portrait
to Field, the artist, in the summer of 1803, and it is
interesting to know from his letters to his son what
he and his family thought of the likeness. He
wrote to Charles Carroll, Jr., from the Manor, August
9th : *' Mr. Field has begun this day my picture.
It is thought the resemblance will be .strong. I
shall offer him $40, which if I am not mistaken you
told me was his price for such a portrait of the size
of the one he drew for McDowell." And again on
the 29th, Charles Carroll writes : " Your sister Caton
thinks, as you do, that Mr. Field has not given suf-
ficient animation to my portrait. I think, however,

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. rcmiington.

y \

Field's ^Portrait of Cm roll.

265

it is well executed, and all who have seen it say the
resemblance is striking, but in my opinion it con-
veys the idea of a much larger man than I am." '
This portrait, engraved by Longacre, is found pre-
fixed to the Carroll memoir in Sanderson's " Biog-
raphy of the Signers."

Trouble had visited the " Homewood " family in
1805 and in 1806, in the latter year through the
death of an infant, and words of wise Cliristain
philosophy, and parental sympathy are written to
Charles Carroll, Jr., by his father on those occasions :

^^ Doughoregan, jist October^ iSo^ : We should not set
our hearts too much on anything in this world, since
everything in it is so i)recarious, as health, riches, power
and talents &c, of which disease, revolution and death can
deprive us in a short time. Virtue alone is subject to
no vicissiti'des. In the hour of death, 'vhcn the empti-
ness of all wordly attachments is felt, it alone will con-
sole us, and while we live sotten the calamities of life,
and teach us to bear them with resignation and forti-
tude."

" August I2t/iy 1S06 : Immediately on the receipt of
your letter I gave orders to Harry to take up some of
the pavement of the Chapel to have the grave dug for
the earthly remains of your poor little infant. To soften
the loss of this dear and engaging child, the certainty of
his now enjoying a glorious immortality will greatly
contribute." "

i y

The homely things of home, its cjuiet pleasures,
as well as its sacred sorrows, havj their place in

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll. ' Ibid.

i»

• 1

iV !

> »

266 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Charles Carroll's correspondence with his children,
interspersed with his opinions on foreign wars and
domestic politics. He writes to Mr. Harper in
1804, about a servant, James, that he thinks of buy-
ing from Mr. Ogle for " Kitty," but he is careful to
tell the man's owner that he will neither hire him
nor buy him unless he is willing to come. He is to
be bought for a term of five or seven years, and
"$500 is a great price for a seven years' servant."

The modes of travelling in the early years of the
century, attract our notice. The Catons propose to
go from Annapolis to Baltimore in January, 1805,
in a " sled," the weather and the roads permitting,
and Mrs. Harper is to send her little boy with them,
wrapped up in blankets, as " he will be less exposed
to the cold in this way than if he went in the stage."
In the following July, Mr. Harper, who took the
stage in winter, is driven by *' Luke and Bill " in his
" coachee " from Baltimore to Washington. The
Harpers have also their country home, " Oakland,"
which they occupy when not in Annapolis or Balti-
more.

There are visitors to " Doughoregan," coming
and going: *' I send my servant with a led mare to
bring Miss Nancy R.obinson to the Manor," writes
Charles Carroll to his son in July, 1806. "Mrs.
Rogers," he writes in the following month, "who
returns to town after breakfast, has been so polite
as to take charge of the pears and grapes which I
informed you in my letter I should send." The
Catons and Mrs. Harper were at the famous Ballston
Springs at this time, where " Kittie " had recovered

ft*

J-ii!

Jja/l Given at " Haniptony

267

her health, lier father says, " is in good spirits and
danced a country dance." In July, 1807, Charles
Carroll who had just been staying at " lirookland-
wood," and was then visiting his son, wrote to
"Kittie's" husband of the great ball that was to
come off that evening, the 2d, at " Hampton," and
he adds : "Mrs. Patterson, Betsy and Louisa are
invited [these were Mrs. Caton's daughters] and will
make a part of the three hundred persons who have
received invitations."

In the following extracts from Charles Carroll's
letters to his son, who was part of this time visiting
in Philadelphia, the retired statesman is seen to
make many shrewd guesses, and keen observations,
as to the great game of war and politics going on
in Europe. And it is amusing to read of his intol-
erance of " Democratic principles." The aristo-
cratic spirit of the Southern planter allied itself with
Federalism in Carroll's case as in Washington's —
** Republican? " as they were.

"/^od, September 3rd : Fox, I find has made peace
with France ; the conditions are not yet known, but I
have no doubt of their being dishonorable, unsafe and
highly disadvantageous to England. I had begun to
entertain a more favorable opinion of this man, when
the papers announced his determination to prosecute the
war till an honorable and safe peace could be obtained.
It is however, I find, impossible for a man tainted with
democratic principles, to possess an elevated soul and
dignified character ; in all tlieir actions and in all their
schemes and thoughts, there is nothing but what is mean
and selfish. God bless you."

i\\

n . "

!ii ;)

•,(ii

() I

.iliji'

268 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

** DoU}:;/ior('}^an, yth October : If Russia has concluded a
separate peace with France without the knowledge of the
IJritish Cabinet the inference that the New Prussian min-
istry is favorable to the views of Napoleon may be fairly
drawn, and I think it very probable that France and
Russia will divide between them the Turkish dominions
in Europe, and I think it also very probable that Napo-
leon on the death of the present King of Spain will fix
one of his brothers on that throne, and annex immedi-
ately Portugal to the Spanish crown. In that case no
doubt the royal family of Portugal will fix the scat of
their government in the Brazils, and will be followed by
most of the grandees and men of property. These
measures will force Oreat Britain to continue the war,
and to attempt to render the Spanish colonies on the
continent independent of Spain, and to take possession
for herself of all the French and Si)anish West India
Islands — the Philipine Islands will fall of course.

If our country is directed by wise and vigorous coun-
cils we should make a common cause with Great Britain
in this attempt. It is our interest to, and in my opinion
our existence as an independent nation depends on les-
senin^ the power of France, which nothing will do so
effectually as by cutting her off from those commercial
resources which she will draw from the Spanish colonies,
if not rendered independent.

England must rule the Ocean, and to secure to her-
self its permanent dominion she must cut uj) root and
branch the trade of France. During the war the superi-
ority of her marine will effectively do this ; but she
must also deprive France of having an extensive com-
merce in peace. Excluding her from all intercourse
with the East and West Indies for a limited time after
peace is made, will tend greatly to circumscribe her

her-
t and
iperi-
t she
com-
ourse

after
her

Civilities to FrcncJi Officers.

269

commerce ; hut how is this to he effected ? hy stipidat-
ing with the Spanish provinces of ATexico."

** Annapolis, 20th October : The two French men-of-
war, the Patriot and the E6lc are still here, and will
prohably remain the whole winter ; without considerable
repairs they cannot return to France, even in peace, and
how they will be repaired without money or credit they
are at a loss to tell. Perhaps their minister Turreau may
apply to our government for money ; in case of peace
between England and France a request even to borroiv
money may amount to a demand on our Executive.

The Etat Major of the Edlc gave a very handsome
entertainment on board the ship to a large company of
citizens (ladies and gentlemen). I had an invitation,
but did not acce])t it, having been busily engaged the
whole of last week. I have not yet seen any of the offi-
cers, not having leisure to entertain them before my re-
turn from the Manor. I shall not probably return to
Annapolis before the middle of next month. I then
mean to visit the two captains of the Patriot and i Judc
and have them and some of their officers to dine with me.
God bless you and grant you happiness here and here-
after."

*' Annapolis., 21st November : The French officers be-
longing to the Patriot and the Eote off this city have
rendered themselves very agreeable to the citizens, and
to do the sailors justice they are quiet, orderly, and civil.
I waited yesterday on Krom, the captain of the Patriot,
and on Picot de la Croix, the captain of the Eoiiis ; the
former was out of town, the latter I saw. I intend to
have them dine with me on Thursday next, with some
of their officers.

If the English ministry have wisdom and firmness,
they have it in their power to render Spanish America

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

■^"'^

Lfi

2 70 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

independent. During the war they must keep posses-
sion of the seaports of Mexico and Peru, and in the
other provinces ; probably it will be their interest to
keep the province of la Plata as a colony, and stipulate
for its cession by the treaty of peace, as also for the in-
dependence of all the Spanish colonies on the continent.
They ought to raise an army in those colonies, and with
a part of it in conjunction with their own troops, con-
quer the Island and retain it as a colony by the peace.
If all this be done England will form a counterpoise to
the power of Napoleon. As to a renewal of the war on
the continent I have great doubts ; but very little, should
it take place, that the coalesced powers will be defeated
by the French."

" December 13th : The poor Prussians, I find, have
been dreadfully mauled by Napoleon. I fear Prussia
will be compelled to make an ignominious peace. The
combined powers manage their affairs badly. However,
the decided superiority of the British at sea will bear
them out triumphantly, and the conquest of Spanish
America (continent and islands) will enable them to con-
tinue the war during the life of Napoleon,"

" Annapolis, 4th February, i8oy : I have requested Mr.
Caton to write to some trusty person at Tioga to act as
my agent for making the compromise with the Connecti-
cut intruders on my lands pursuant to the terms adopted
by the other Pennsylvania proprietors of land similarly
circumstanced. •

Prussia is completely vanquished. I wish Alexander
may be firm, and have able and good generals and faith-
ful ministers. The plan of Napoleon to restore the
Kingdom of Poland, and to place on its throne his
brother-in-law Murat, must unite Prussia and Austria in
resisting with all their power this attempt. If they have

Carr oil's Sympathy 7vith Germany. 271

good generals, if Alexander will lead his armies to battle
under experienced officers, and if the Archduke Charles
has the command of the Austrian forces, and the sole
direction of the war, the contest will be long and bloody
between those two powers and France. The victory will
ultimately, I hope, rest on the standards of Prussia and
Austria, and the French be driven out of Poland and
Germany. Should such be the final issue of the war, it
would be for the interest of Europe to have all Germany
consolidated into one Empire under the house of
Austria." '

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

'1 \l.'

,jii

h , I

! I i

CHAPTER VIII.

THE SECOND WAR WITH ENGLAND.
1807-1819.

THE absorbing theme of public interest in the
early part of 1807, was the conspiracy of Aaron
Burr, and it forms the principal topic in the cor-
respondence of Charles Carroll of Carrollton with
his son at this time. In a letter written from
" Brooklandwood," November 11, 1806, he thinks
the reports concerning Burr greatly exaggerated :
" if true he must be in the pay of some foreign
power." And he adds; " If the war between Eng-
land and France should continue, I should not be
surprised if Burr should collect 1500 adventurers,
seize on Pensacola, from which a few British ships
might transport him and his band to join Miranda ;
in that event it is probable the British would gar-
rison and hold Pensacola, and thus put an end to
our intended purchase of the two Floridas, and de-
prive Bonaparte of seven millions of dollars, unless
the bargain be made, which I fear it is, if the nego-
tiations for peace are at an end." Francisco Miraflda
was a Venezuelan patriot who had undertaken to

272

T/ie Miranda Expcditioi,

273

; in the
f Aaron
the cor-
on with
Ml from
thinks
re rated :
foreign
en Eng-
not be
nturers,
ih ships
iranda ;
Id gar-
end to
and de-
, unless
nego-
[irafida
iken to

bring about a Revolution in Spanish South America,
fitting out an expedition in the United States for
this purpose in 1806.

''''Annapolis^ 4th y^iviNary, iSoy :

The proceedings of Burr soem to engross the attention
of the public ; various schemes arc iniputed to him,
resting at present entirely on conjecture. 1 am inclined
to suspect that he contemplates a separation of the
western country, and to possess himself of New Orleans,
and if the government of the United States should act
with vigor and collect a force adequate to the suppression
of the revolt, or should a considerable portion of the
western people be disinclined to a separation, that he
will call in the assistance of some foreign power. Span-
ish forces are nearest at hand, and Spain will be backed
by France, but neither Spain nor France can co-operate
by sea during the war with Great Britain, and to me a
naval force seems necessary to insure his success by in-
ducing the whole of the population westward of the
mountains to establish an mdependent government.
Will Great Britain connive at this interference of Spain
and France ? That in my opinion will depend on the
conduct of our government, which by causing the non-
importation act to be suspended only, and not absolutely
repealed, instead of conciliation holds out a menace.
Great Britain is not to be menaced into a compliance
with such even of our claims upon her as are reasonable
and just. She may not be displeased with the aid af-
forded by Spain and France to the views of Burr, as
such an interference of those powers may lead to an
alliance offensive and defensive between the Atlantic
United States and Great Britain, which in my judgment,
it is the interest of both to form, to set bounds to the

VOL.Il — 18

vr.

I 1

It (.

2 74 Charles Carroll of Carrolltoii.

ambition and power of Napoleon. Such is my view
of this subject.

If the Spaniards have retaken Buenos Ayres, the
reinforcements sent from England in Octol)er, will not I
suspect be able to make a second conciue.st of the coun-
try. The Spanish captain de Liniers appears to combine
judgment, courage and activity. He will raise consider-
able forces, especially of horse, and will have time to
discipline them tolerably v.ell by the arrival of the
English reinforcements, who not expecting such an event
will come unprepared to carry on such military opera-
tions for the conquest of the country which the nature
and situation of it seem to require. A large body of
horse will be necessary to protect the infantry in an
open and flat country, they will want also many gun
boats, and armed vessels drawing but little water to
ascend the Plata. The campaign will probably be opened
by the seige of Montevido, which, if taken, will not give
them possession of the country unless they can possess
themselves of the capitol. How are they to ascend the
river from Montevido to Buenos Ayres without an armed
flotilla to oppose the Spanish flotilla which carried the
troops from Montevido ? Perhaps it will be necessary
to transport from England the frames of gunboats and
of other vessels calculated to pass over shallows, and to
put them together on their arrival at Montevido. All
this will require many months to complete, and when all
the necessary apparatus of offensive war is ready 10,000
good troops will be necessary to insure success."

*' January 16th : I have seen a New York paper of
the 12th inst. which seems to confirm my conjectures
respecting Col. Burr mentioned in my former letter. I
am of opinion he acts in concert with the Spaniards, and
that the expedition to Mexico is held out to entice ad-
venturers to his standard with the^hopes of plunder ; to

Conspiracy of Aaron Burr.

275

invade Mexico New Orleans must l)e taken ; the attack
and capture of that city will render his adherents j^nilty
of high treason against the United States ; having in-
curred this guilt they must acJhere to their leader or
leaders, and to secure themselves against the [)enalty of
the law, they must erect anil establish a separate and in-
de|)cndent government, in doing which I have no doubt
the Spaniards covertly or openly will assist them. The
former nianeuvres of Spain and the money lately fur-
nished to Col. Burr justify this opinion.

" Burr conceives that (Ireat Britain will not interfere
with his schemes or lend its aid to counteract them unless
a treaty of alliance offensive and defensive should be
formed between that Power and these United States,
which he is probably persuaded the jjrejudices of the
ruling faction in this country will prohibit. In this
opinion should he entertain it, he will probably be mis-
taken ; the Democrats are a servile and timid crew, and
to keep themselves in place they would make a treaty
with the devil himself, and would break it as soon as
their interests might seem to render its breach subservient
to their other schemes — the principal difficulty will arise
on the part of Great Britain ; that government will not
trust ours, if it be as well known on the other side of the
water as on this."

" Annapolis^ 2jrd January : The day before yesterday
two persons arrested in Charleston as accomplices in
Col. Burr's treason were brought to the city in the custody
of two continental officers, and yesterday they went off
from hence to Washington. The name of one of those
persons is Swatout, and I think that of the other is V>o\\-
man. It is reported that Edward Livingston has been
arrested at New Orleans, by General Wilkinson, and
sent by water as a prisoner to Washington.

It is given out to be Burr's plan to take possession of

I ;• ;

li T

■

276 Charles Laryoll of Carrolllon.

New Orleans, and liy holding it to compel the western
])eo|)le to come into his views, and to establish a separate
Slate westward of the mountains. If such should be
liurr's plan, it is probable he acts in concert with the
Spaniards, and expects to be assisted by them ; if they
really abet his schemes, they must be authorized by
orders from Madrid, or, in other words, from St. Cloud.
Thus what I have long i)redicted is perhaps going to take
place, and that Napoleon will in reality be the master of
Louisiana ; for a government independent of the United
States cannot be maintained by Col. IJurr in that country
but under the auspices and jirotection of a great foreign
and naval power. The United States might by fitting
out a few frigates, sIoojjs of war and gunboats effectually
block up the river Mississippi, unless prevented by Spain
and France. Perhaps the Spaniards may i)ermit the prod-
uce of the western country to pass from that river into
the Bay of Mobile and so on to Pensacola. This we
cannot hinder wilhout coming to an open rupture with
Spain, which this government seems much averse to, as
such a measure would lead to a war with France as the
ally of Spain, and eventually force the United States into
a treaty offensive and defensive with Great Britain. With
great reluctance would such a treaty be entered into by
our present Administration. Nothing but dire necessity
will compel them to adopt such a measure, the whole
faction from top to bottom detest the English and their
constitution." '

i I

To his son-in-law, Robert Goodloe Harper, Charles
Carroll wrote, July 4, 1807, on the subject of the
conspiracy, in which, it seems, some persons wished

' Family papers, lion. John Lee Carroll,

I II

Resources of Great Britain. 277

to implicate Harper: " Have you received any letters
lately from Mr. Bellman? He has written, I am
told, two in consequence of a threatened prosecution
a<;ainst you as an accomplice in Burr's conspiracy.
Of the inclination of the Administration to prose-
cute you I have little doubt, but none of your inno-
cence. You have too much sense and principle to
have implicated yourself in any of liurr's plans,
whatever they were. His situation as to fortune
was desperate ; distrusted by all parties and hated
by his own, he may have meditated some desperate
and wicked enterprise, but situated as you are, it
would have been the extreme of folly in you to have
participated in it." ' Still closely observing the pro-
gress of events in Europe as well as in the United
States, Charles Carroll writes to his two correspond-
ents his thoughts fully and unreservedly, upon the
passing pageant as the years go by.

" Doiig/ioregan^^th Sept., iSoy : The armistice between
Napoleon and Alexander will probably end in an humlHat-
ing peace of Russia, Prussia and Sweden ; those powers
will be forced to abandon England, exclude her ships
from the Baltic, and perhaps to renew the armed neu-
trality.

" The British nation has resources to carry on a naval
war against France and her allies for 20 years and the
means to revolutionise all the Spanish Colonics ; but the
advanced age of the king, the profligate character of
the heir apparent, the dissensions among the great, and
the weight of taxes, the discontents of the people, and the
precarious situation of Ireland, will, I fear induce the

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

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278 Charles Carroll of Carroll ton.

present ministry, in order to maintain their places, to
make a disgraceful peace, which, if Napoleon lives ten
years longer, \n ill put the independence of the British
Islands in jeopardy. I am firmly persuaded he is bent
on thecon([uest of (Ireat Britain, not to be achieved how-
ever, without a navy capable of contending for the do-
minion of the seas. Peace and i)eace only, will enable
him in the course of ten years to build a fleet and man
it capable to cope with that of l^ngland. If this i)osition
be true, it must be manifestly the interest of Kngland to
continue the war."

" Doug/iorcgaii^ i^th September : F^ither Alexander
must want understanding and firmness, or Russia has
not the power and resources attributed to her by com-
mon opinion. It docs not api)ear that Napoleon has
stripi)ed Russia of any territory, but the peace he has
granted to Russia and Prussia has made him the arbiter
of the continent of Europe. I suspect there are some
secret articles in the treaty to be fulfilled in case Great
Britain should not make peace ; time will discover whether
Napoleon will make peace with Great Britain on such
terms as she can with lionor and safety accejjt.

** I propose going to Carrollton the 25th of this month,
and sliall be glad to have your comjjany. I have but
two complaints, old age and the cholic."

''''February ist, 180S : Nothing has transpired about
the negotiations with Mr. Rose. I hope they will ter-
minate favorably, but my fears are stronger than my
hopes. I suspect the Administration is decidedly under
French influence, and that faction being numerous and
desperate, they will if they can plunge this country into
a war with England."

** February 12th : It is the true interest of this country
to form an alliance, offensive and defensive, with Eng-

■ I

True Interest of America,

2/9

land ; such an alliance woiiUl cnuincipale the Spanish
Colonics on the Continent from the dominion of Hona-
parte, subject all the West India islands to Clreat Britain,
except Cuba, the sovereignty of which should be guaran-
teed to the United States by that power. Vou fear that
England would make peace and leave us in the lurch.
She cannot make peace during the life of Bonaparte ; in
this contest she must either perish or concjuer ; our alli-
ance and powerful co-operation would insure her victory.
If we do not join England and she should be subdued,
can you suppose the ambitious Tyrant of France would
not impose on us his iron yoke ? "

" Annapolis^ igt/i February : An idea pn^vails here
that the fate of Mr. Rose's negociation will be decided in
two or three days and strong apprehensions are enter-
tained about the result. From the following paragraph
in Mr. Harper's letter, I draw the inference that Mr.
Rose's negociation has terminated unfavorably to the
views of those who wish to be on good terms and at
peace with England. Mr. Harper in his preceding let-
ters spoke of the general expectation that the negociation
would be successful. I own my opinion was different,
founded on the publications in \\\^ National Intelligencer^
a paper supposed to be under the influence of the Exec-
utive and to utter his sentiments, and therefore if the
negociation should disappoint the general expectation, it
will not mine, tho' it will my wishes ; for I am persuaded
it is the true interest of this country not only to be at
peace with England, but to make an alliance offensive
and defensive with her ; this opinion I believe to be con-
fined to a few comparatively speaking, and as there is
little prospect of such alliance being formed, England
had better be at open war with the United States than
suffer them under a disguised neutrality, to carry on the

I '..*'

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28o Charles Carroll of Car rolltov.

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trade of its enemies, I hope to hear from you by this
day's mail, and am Dear Charles, Vr. aff. Father, etc."

[To CnAKLKs Cakkom, Jr.')

'* Annapo/is, nth A/>n7, tSoS : Messrs. Livermore and
Alexander Hanson did me the favor to call on me Friday
evening ; by them I was informed you had returned
from Washington on Thursday. What impression has
Champagny's letter made on Congress and the Adminis-
tration ? Will the embargo be taken off soon ? Can any
tolerable giiess be formed who will be the next President ?
If Mr. Rose was not tied up by his instructions, he ought
in my opinion, to have closed with Madison's last [)ro-
posalof declaring what atonement the British government
would offer for the attack on the Chesapeake^ and making
that document and the revocation of the proclamation
bear contemporaneous dates, as Madison consented to
separate the search of merchant vessels for British sea-
men from the reparation of the insult on our flag by the
attack on the Chesapeake. Surely the British ministry, if
really desirous of being on good terms with this country,
were over-punctilious in persisting on the previous revo-
cation of the proclamation, before their envoy should
disclose the nature and extent of the atonement to be
offered for the outrage committed on our frigate. That
ministry insisted that the right of search of private ves-
sels should not be blended with the question of repara-
tion for that outrage ; this point was yielded by our
government. Why then did not Rose with candor de-
clare what reparation he was authorized by his govern-
ment to make ? His conduct, or that of his government,
savors too much, in the whole of his negotiation, of the
tricks and shifts of a pettifogging attorney. Are we to
have war ? And with whom, France or England ? Or

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

ij'

Austria and Archduke Charles,

281

are wc to remain in itatu tjuo^ suffering almost all the
privations of a state of war, with a dei^railation of ( har-
acter which war wajied aj^ainst our real enemy I'rance,
with spirit and conjuct would in some measure wipe
off ? "

*' Anihxpolis lot/i April, iSoi^ : 1 have seen the l^ni!lish
account of the battle on the high grounds of Corunna
given by (leneral Hoi)e to lleneral Haird, which may be
considered as official and to be depended on ; the Eng-
lish claim the victory."

^^ May 14th : Tome it seems evident that Bonaparte
is determined to quarrel v^ i h A uria, p' J to strip that
power of the greater part ot its douiinions, perhaps to
place another dynasty on the throi; ef that ancient house.
If Austria delays tv) strike the fust blow, waiting for the
decision of Alexander, and permit her deadly enemy to
assemble his forces and to bear upon her uom ill sides
with all his resources and power, not all the abilities of
the Archduke Charles, the valor and patriotism of the
subjects of Austria can save her from destruction.

I perceive Messrs. Livermore and Hanson mean to
discontinue their paper after the 4th of July, from want
of encouragement. This determination, and particularly
the cause of it, is much to be regretted ; their i)aper in-
culcated by several masterly productions, correct princi-
ples of government, and has contributed to the decrease
of Democracy. By the late intelligence from Lisbon of
the 27th March, it appears that the Portuguese mean to
defend their country. If a large proportion of the French
enemy has returned to France to attack Austria, and the
unsubdued part of Spain should collect and have time
to discipline an arn^y of 100,000, and the Portuguese
another of the same strength, it is to be hoped their joint
efforts may be crowned with success, particularly if the

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282 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

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war with Austria should employ Bonaparte two or three
years. The inactivity of the French armies in Spain
must be owing either to the diminution of their numbers
by large detachments being sent to Germany, or to the
want of subsistence in Spain and Portugal, and to the
vast expense and delays of obtaining it from France."
[To Robert Goodloe Harper,']

" Doughoregan^ 2Sth July, i8og : It is to be hoped the
Archduke Charles will turn to good account, and make
the most of the victories obtained over Napoleon on the
2ist and 22nd May ; from his past conduct it is to be ex-
pected that the saying or reproach made to Hannibal by
one of his officers after the victory of Cann vincere
qiiidem suis^ uti victorioe nesces, will not be applicable to the
Archduke."

" Annapolis, igth March, 1810 : If Napoleon should
repeal his Berlin and Milan decrees, as intimated by a
letter of the ist of January from Paris, detailing a con-
versation which passed between his ministers and a depu-
tation of merchants, the orders of Council will fall of
course, and our trade such as neutrals ought to carry on,
will suffer no interruption from the belligerents. If Na-
poleon acknowledges the right of search to be authorized
by the law of nations, as has been suggested at the con-
versation above mentioned, our differences with England
must be amicably settled, for that right coupled with that
also claimed by the British Government of taking their
own subjects out of our merchant vessels will no longer
form a pretext of quarrel with the British to keep alive
the animosity of party in this country against that nation,
the only means left to the ruling faction, of perpetuating
their own. power.

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

Meetina^ of Merchants at Paris. 2 S3

or three
in Spain
numbers
3r to the
d to the
nee."

oped the
nd make
n on the
to be ex-
inibal by
vincere
ble to the

n should
Lted by a
g a con-
d a depu-
fall of
carry on,
If Na-
thorized
the con-
England
with that
ing their
o longer
ep alive
t nation,
)etuating

I suspect the meeting of the merchants at Paris with
the ministers, and the alleged conversation above referred
to, is destitute of truth and a mere stock jobbing fabrica-
tion formed in London. The late confiscation of Ameri-
can property in the ports of Spain in the hands of the
French, and the im[)risonment of their crews, declared
prisoners of war, discredit in a great measure the declara-
tions of the French ministers to the merchants ; the two
accounts cannot be reconciled on any other ground than
the determination of Bonaparte to consider the Ameri-
cans trading to Spain as violating tlie rights of belliger-
ents by their commerce, interdicted by the law of nations,
with revolted subjects, A little time will disco/er whether
this construction upon the news from Spain is well
founded."

[To Charles Carroll, Jr.']

In a letter from Charles Carroll of CarroUton to
his son-in-law, Mr. Harper, of February 17th, he has
news to tell of the Austrian army, ** information I
had from Colonel Mercer's son John, which was con-
firmed by Mr. Caton." And then the staunch Fed-
eralist continues; '* How does the Executive relish
the report of the joint committee of the Massachu-
setts Legislature ? In my opinion it is a masterly
performance, and I hope will, with other publications,
open the eyes of this nation that they may see the
deformity of conduct of this Frenchified administra-
tion, plotting the subversion of our independence to
perpetuate their power and misrule under the power
of France."

Captain and Mrs. Decatur visited Charles Carroll

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

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284 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

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at Annapolis in April, " landed here yesterday," as
he writes to Mr. Harper on the 1 3th. They expected
to go from Annapolis to Baltimore, their host pro-
posing to send them in his " Jersey wagon." And
he adds : " Captain Decatur will go to Washington
from Baltimore, and will remain some days in the
former city. I hope you will iiwite them to take up
their quarters with you. Mrs. Decatur intends go-
ing to Brooklandwood if Mr. Caton's family are
there." Charles Carroll was much interested in the
renewal of the charter of the United States Bank,
and wrote to his son-in-law for information about it
from the " influential " members of Congress. In
this letter, dated February 6, 181 1, there is men-
tion of the communications from Europe contained
in the President's message of January 31st, and the
report that later dispatches had been received. And
Charles Carroll adds :

** If such have been received and their contents have
transpired, I should be glad to know if they hold out any
well grounded assurance that the Berlin and Milan de-
crees are in reality repealed, as to the United States, and
whether the two great products of our soil, cotton and
tobacco, are suffered to be imported into France and the
north of Germany, paying such duties only as will leave
a profit on the sales to the importers.

I suspect there is a secret understanding between our
government and that of France ; the President's Proclama-
tion cannot be reconciled to common sense on any other
supposition or principle. If I am not mistaken, Bona-
parte contends that no port ought to be considered as
blockaded which is not invested by land as well as by

Trade ivith Europe Intercepted,

285

sea ; does our Executive admit and contend for this
novel doctrine ? If the Orders of Council should be re-
revoked, it is probable that the British besides keeping
strong squadrons before the Scheldt, Brest, L'Orient
Rochcfort and Toulon, will station one or more frigates
and sloops of war at the entrance of the I'exel and the
principal mercantile ports of France, to intercept all trade
with France and the countries en'^orcing her decrees
against British trade and manufactures. This Great
Britain has a right to do by the law of nations, and if
exerted our commerce with France and the continent of
Europe under the control of Bonaparte will be too haz-
ardous to be pursued with advantage."

On the lotli of March, Charles Carroll writes : *' I
hear wheat and flour have risen considerably in con-
sequence of a supposed contract made by the French
Government for the supply of their armies in Spain
and Portugal. If the English government should be
timely apprised of this measure it is probable it will
station ships to capture our vessels thus loaded to
supply their enemies, and considering the manifest
partiality of our administration for France, we shall
have no just cause to complain." '

The Caton sisters sailed for Europe in April,
181 1. Charles Carroll went to the Manor about the
end of May, where Mr. Harper was to join him with
•' little Dick and Elizabeth." Charles and Mary Har-
per were at school. " In the meantime," writes their
grandfather, ** they may visit the Manor every Satur-
day and return to town the Mondays following."
During the summer of 181 1 and the early months of

' Family papers, Mrs, William C. Pennington,

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286 Charles Carroll of Car rolUon.

18 1 2, the correspondence with Charles Carroll, Jr.,
and Mr. Harper was carried on with unflagging in-
terest.

*^ Doiig/iorcgan, 4th June, iSii : I wish the rencoun-
ter between the Little Belt and the President may not be
attended with serious consequences. As the Adminis-
tration of this country wish to involve it in a war with
Great Britain I do not believe they will make any apology
for Rogers' conduct, which I believe will be expected by
the British ministry and nation. My oi)inion is founded
on the principle that the public ships of a neutral nation
have no right to chase a public ship of war of a belliger-
ent. Rogers admits that he knew the ship which he
chased to be a ship of war, and he must have known that
it was not one of ours. It must then have been either a
British or a French vessel of war : with both of which
nations we are at peace. Captain Bingham, I really
believe, took the President for a French frigate, and fired
with the view of crippling her sails and rigging to effect
his escape, for he must have been convinced from the
great superiority of his enemy that he had no other means
of escaping. Again, what right had Rogers to hail the
Little Belt? In doing so, and in chasing her I consider
him as the aggressor, and on his head, and that of the
Executive, under whose orders he acted the blood spilt
must fall. I wish the British government may not reason
in this case as I have done."

[To Charles Carroll, Jr.']

" Doughoregan, 8th yime : " Kitty, little Dick and
Betsy were at Perry Hall on AVednesday. ... In a
letter from Cadiz of the 23rd April it is mentioned that

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

I \

and
In a
d that

The ''Little Belt'' and '' President r 287

Lord Wellington was following Massena into Andalusia,
and that he was at Zapa. I cannot find any place of that
name in my map of Spain ; I find the town of Zafra in
Andalusia, If the latest intelligence from Cadiz and Lis-
bon can be relied on, we may expect to hear of a battle
fought in Andalusia about the last of April or beginning
of May. I conjecture Massena has formed a junction
with the French forces in Andalusia commanded by Vic-
tor, and that Wellington, Beresford, Ballastros and Blake
with a great part of the garrison of Cadiz have also united.
A dispatch vessel, it is said, had arrived at the Havanna
in twenty-four days from Cadiz, that is on the i7lh May ;
she must therefore have left Cadiz on the 27th April, on
which day an express may have reached Cadiz with an
account of the victory over the combined French armies.

Had Commodore Rogers a right to chase the Little
Belt, and had he a right to hail her ? It appears to me
that he had no right to do either. I should be glad to
know your opinion on these points. I believe Bingham
supposing the President to be a French frigate had a
right without answering the hail, to fire o'l her. I am
anxious to learn how Admiral Sawyer will act on the oc-
casion."

" yune 28th, : I presume Lord Wellington returned to
his army to watch the motions of Massena, whose army
may not be so much crippled as represented. He has
probably sent strong detachments to Beresford who v/ill
not, I suspect, to judge from Lord Wellington's dis-
patches of the 25th April, attempt anything against Soult
and Victor till Badajos is taken.

" I have read Smith's * Address to the people of the
United States' He has painted Madison in his true
colors. But had Smith resigned his office before he was
turned out of it, * and had not waited for an occasion of do-

'I ,:

288 Charles Carroll of Cari'ol Hon.

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|:(

/'//)?• i^ imthout endangering conjliciing agitations among their
respective friendSy his motives for defending his own con-
duct and exposing Madison's would not then have been
imputed to disappointment and resentment. I hope the
partisans of Madison, or he himself under a borrowed
name will attack Smith's Address and gore him for his
patriotism ; if the attack should reflect on his want of
talents, duplicity, or any other vices his political adversar-
ies may liberally heap upon him, this may draw forth a
replication which may unfold more of the machinations
of the Washington Cabinet, if Smith has been entrusted
with all their secrets, which I doubt. But I have no
doubt that Cabinet is delermined on a war with England
and an alliance with France."

'"'' yuly jrd : I congratulate you on the good news
from Portugal and Si)ain. I have looked most anxiously
over the marine list for the arrival of the hx'\g Robert ;
she ought to have reached Lisbon by the 20th. May,"

" 7'fiy 4^h ■ If the victories obtained by Wellington
and Beresford over the French have terminated accord-
ing to the accounts given in the newspapers, the French
must evacuate the Peninsula, unless promptly reinforced.

"What do the Democrats of Annapolis say of Smith's
Address ? If the state paper published in the Boston
Patriot, has been communicated by John Q. Adams to
his father, we cannot doubt its authenticity and it must
make a most serious impression on all those of the Demo-
cratic party who are not determined to go all lengths in
support of the measures adopted, and to be adopted by
our Executive. Is the Boston Centinel a Democratic
paper ? In it a paper has been published entitled
' Additional Instructions for the French Minister Ser-
rurier,' which are evidently fabricated in this country.
The Federal prints ought not to publish falsehood,

k-i

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Hanson and William Carroll.

289

There are true and damning proofs enough against this
Administration ; fictions weaken the force of realities."

^^ Annapolis, 2isi J^anuary, 1812/ The Administra-
tion of this country has got into a miserable hobble,
from which nothing can extricate it but England's declar-
ing war against us. Notwithstanding the manifold
provocations given by our government, and its manifest
partiality for France, the English Cabinet is too wise to
help our rulers out of the scrape by declaring war against
the United States. Is it supposed the Legislature of
Pennsylvania will reincorporate the late Bank of the
United States ? "

^^ May igth : Early in next month 70 pr. ct. on my
shares in the late Bank of the United States will be sub-
ject to my order ; that money and all other sums I can
spare from my own expenses and engagements, I mean
to subscribe to a new Bank of the United States should
such an establishment take place."

[To Robert Goodloe Harper.']

" AnnapoliSy 28th May : I am informed the contest
will be warm between Mr. Hanson and Mr. William
Carroll, and that it is doubtful which will be the success-
ful candidate ; my fear is that in consequence of a divi-
sion among the Federals a Democratic Representative
may be chosen. Certainly Mr. Hanson has more knowl-
edge of the affairs of the U. S., and is better acquainted
with the proceedings of Congress, our foreign relations,
and all the documents relating to them, and the manoeu-
vres of our Administration, than Mr. Carroll ; he also is
accustomed to public speaking, and from this acquired
habit can declare with force his sentiments on the floor
of Congress, an advantage which I believe Mr. Carroll
does not possess, at least in so great a degree as Mr.

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.
VOL. 11—19

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290 Charles Carroll of Carrol lion.

Hanson. For these reasons I wish Mr. Carroll would
decline the contest. It is too delicate a subject for me
to speak or write to him about ; should he give nic an
opportunity of declaring my opinion, I shall embrace it.
A petition intended to be signed by the freeholders and
inhabitants of this county to Congress against war has
been drawn up by Col. Mercer, which I have read and
approve ; it is temperate, the style good, and the reason-
ing clear and forcible. 1 believe it is now in the press
and I am told if industriously circulated, will be signed
by a large majority of the people of this county, Feder-
als and Democrats.

The dread of war, a militia draft and heavy taxes, and
a total stagnation of trade, are beginning, 1 expect, to
effect a salutary change in the sentiments of the Ameri-
can people, which will no doubt be strengthened by the
pointed contempt the Emperor discovers for us. John
Mercer told me that Mr. Monroe assured him that Bar-
low was not authorized to make any treaty with France,
but only to insist on reimbursement of the value of
American vessels seized and sold under the Ramboulet
Decree. Indeed, I do not see what treaty Barlow could
be authorized to make, except an alliance offensive and
defensive with France in case of our going to war with
Great Britain, which probably he was instructed to as-
sure the Emperor this government would declare, if the
property above mentioned, or rather its value should not
be restored, or security given for its restoration. But
what security could be given by Perfidy personified ? "

[To Charles Carroll, Jr.]'

There was now no question indeed whether the
United States would go to war, and with whom.

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

Disturbances in Baltimore.

291

Hostilities were declared on the 19th of June, 18 12.
The objections of Charles Carroll of Carrollton to
the war with England seemed to him to have their
justification in the part Great Britain was playing
as the champion of oppressed nationalities against
the tyrant of Europe, the French Emperor, " Per-
fidy personified." Charles Carroll had too long
looked with all the prejudices of an Englishman
upon Napoleon and his wars, to be willing to see
his country fight Napoleon's great enemy. And
was there not danger, he argued, for the independ-
ence of the United States, in this grasping French
imperialism which had replaced the pseudo-repub-
licanism of the Directory and the Consulate ? He
had appar/^ntly outlived the feeling against England
that would have been natural in the patriot of '^^^
and he was ready to deal le: iently with her sins
against America in 18 12, because of the position
she held in Europe as the one barrier across the
pathway of the destroyer — Bonaparte.

But Carroll's countrymen generally were not of
his opinion. In Baltimore the war sentiment was
very strong, and an attack was made upon the oflfice
of the Federal Republican, Alexander Hanson's
paper, which resulted in a most deplorable riot.
Charles Carroll thus alludes to it in a letter to his
son of August 5th, written from " Doughoregan " :

"The late occurrences in Baltimore, and the temper
of this government render a residence insecure in this
State, and I may want all the sums I can command to
enable me to move out of it, if the state of politics does
not soon grow better, and men be suffered to speak their

h' i

292 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

sentiments on the measures of the present rulers of our
country and to take what newspapers they please," '

The war began with some unsuccessful attempts
at the invasion of Canada and disasters in the north-
west, but was followed by four naval victories, the
last of which took place off the coast of Brazil the
day before the following letter was written :

" Annapolis, 30th December , 18 r 2 : There is a report
that Mr. Pinkney is to succeed Mr. Monroe as Secre-
tary of State, and that Mr. Monroe is to be commander-
in-chief of the army ; but without better troops he will
not be more successful than his predecessors in the inva-
sion of Canada. Many are of opinion that Madison will
continue the war against Great Britain. I am inclined
to this opinion also, knowing his hostility to that coun-
try and suspecting his connection with Bonaparte. If
Bonaparte should prevail against Russia, the war will go
on for another year, till the next House of Representa-
tives will force the Administration to make peace. In
that House the Administration party will either be in the
minority, or have so small a majority, and their war meas-
ures will be so opposed, that this government must ac-
cept the terms which the British ministry may offer, and
of their being honorable and advantageous to both coun-
tries I have no doubt." '

To his son-in-law Richard Caton, who managed
much of his business for him, Charles Carroll of
Carrollton wrote from Annapolis, February 13,
181 3, giving him instructions as to his investments,
and other matters. He fears that his " rent-wheats

> Ibid. ' Ibid.

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French Disasters in Russia,

293

will not produce 1500 barrels of flour," and he
authorizes Mr. Caton to take $10 a barrel for it
which, he adds, " I much doubt your obtaining, as
long as our Bay continues strictly blockaded." The
Baltimore Company is referred to, in connection
with Charles Carroll's will, which he intends to exe-
cute the next day. " What is the price of fustians,"
he asks, "fit for summer liveries for my servants?
Coe is quite out of employment and wishes to make
the liveries at present." And Charles Carroll con-
cludes his letter with a discussion of the latest foreign
news:

" The report of Bonaparte's arrival at Paris at mid-
night on the 1 8th December, appears to me questionable.
Supposing him not to be dead or taken by the Russians,
and that he arrived in safety at Wilna on the 9th or loth
December, he could not leave that place or Warsaw be-
fore the end of that month, as providing winter quarters
for the shattered remains of his army, collecting provisions
and reinforcements would require his presence in Poland
for at least twenty days. If the report of his arrival at
Paris be false, it strengthens the probability of his cap-
ture or death — neither event was known in the Russian
army at the date of Kutusoff's last dispatches of the 17th
November." '

Charles Carroll's correspondence for the following
twelve months carries his readers back and forth
between Europe and America, his interests vibrating
between the two continents. In February, he is
telling of gaieties in Annapolis, where the Misses
Pinkney " fine girls and well educated " are visiting

' MS : Letter, Miss M. A Cohen, Baltimore.

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294 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Louisa Caton at her fjrandfatlicr's house, and where,
lh()ii<.,'h it be war tiine.s, a ball is to be given in com-
pliinont to tliese young ladies by their hostess:
'* Several beaux and some young ladies are invited
to it from iJaltimore." He is writing to Robert
Goodloc Marper in Washington, and adds :

"Shall we have peace with England? Will not the
sad disasters of Napoleon accelerate that event ? 'I'lie
fate of that man is not yet certainly known ; perhaps the
French minister may have certain information about
him, and Marlow may have communicated what he knows.
I cannot bring myself to believe that he is dead or cap-
tured by the Russians ; neither of those events could be
concealed for more than a few days. If living and
returned to Paris, his entry into that capital forms a
mournful contrast to his former triumphant entries, and
the shades of night were well suited to the gloominess
of his mind and desperate situation."

And so the letter continues, with speculations on
the probable course of Russia, Prussia, and Austria,
and the final queries : '* Has anything transpired
from the cabinet ? Have any secret messages been
sent to Congress by the Executive? " Four letters
written in March to the same correspondent all con-
tain some mention of Napoleon and evidence the
close connection his fate was supposed to have on
the issue and termination of the war in the United
States. A new coalition was forming against Bona-
parte in Europe. Charles Carroll writes as the news
just received, March ist by a vessel arrived in the
Delaware : ** The papers from Philadelphia and New

f I :

Madison s Measures Condemned. 295

York will no doubt reach Wa;>liiii«^ton by this day's
mail, and give the details of these important events.
God send tiiey may be true." Three days later he
says: "As Bonaparte's power seems to be on the
decline, and Austria and Prussia with the aid of
Russia will throw off his yoke, and by a powerful
combination of forces drive the French out of Ger-
many and Italy, circumscribe France to her limits
under the last of the Bourbons, and restore the
ancient order of things in Europe, I flatter myself
our war against Great Britain will soon be brought
to a close." And further on there is this frank ad-
mission : "Many persons continue of the opinion
that Bonaparte is dead, from their strong wishes, I
suppose, of his death. Although no one desires his
death more than I do, I cannot suffer my wishes to
betray my judgment." Carroll receives in a letter
from Baltimore, the substance of a handbill circulated
in New York, and congratulates his son-in-law, " and
every friend of humanity, on the extermination of
the tyrant's army," as the result of the Russian
invasion.

Of the home Administration and its policies,
Charles Carroll continues to express the poorest
opinion : " Is the war to go on ? Can it be prose-
cuted without the means, and against the general
bent of the nation ? In consequence of the Presi-
dent's recommendation, an entire stop, I suppose,
will be put to exports from this country. Will the
people long submit to such privations? Their folly
or corruption in the re-election of Mr. Madison must
now be manifest." And again he writes :

296 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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" Will the people of this country submit to the measures
to which you apprehend this wicked Administration will
resort, to carry on the war ? I have long been of the
opinion that the present men in power would not make
peace with England as long as they retained their offices.
It is said some of Napoleon's papers of a secret and im-
portant nature were taken tvith his baggage by the Rus-
sians. I hope the confidential despatches from our
Administration may be among them ; if found, no doubt
they will be communicated to the British ministry and
published. It is reported that the British are sending to
this country nineteen ships of the line and several stout
frigates and some bomb vessels. They must expect a
French fleet on this coast, for so large a force does not
appear necessary to blockade strictly our ports. I sus-
pect they will take possession of Rhode Island and fortify
Newport, from thence they would get fresh provisions,
vegetables and water for their blockading squadrons." '

In letters of March, April, and May, Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton wrote to his son of the war rumors
floating about Annapolis and of preparations he was
making to secure his personal property, should the
enemy appear.

" AnnapoltSy 12th March, 1813 : I have had to dine with
me Mr. Moore the British agent and Captain Ben of the
Francis Freeling, the British packet now lying in this
harbour. I am much pleased with Mr. Moore. This
port is appointed for the reception of flags of truce, and
Mr. Moore is to have the management of them, to receive
despatches and forward them to and from our govern-
ment. Mr. Caton seems apprehensive that the British will
bombard our town, and even poor Annapolis may not

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

Preparing for the Enemy.

297

escape ; the insignificancy of the place, and its being the
station for flags of truce, will exempt it from that
calamity. Indeed I do not believe the enemy will bom-
bard any of our towns ; they will probably enter the port
of New York, destroy the forts and our frigates there,
and at Boston and Norfolk. I should not be surprised
at their landing near Washington on the Potomac from
1500 to 2000 light troops and making a rapid march to
Washington and destroy the Dock Yard there. The
government does not appear to apprehend such zcoii/> de
main, and I suspect is not prepared to defeat it. 1 be-
lieve the British will take Rhode Island and fortify New-
port, the port which a French fleet would certainly steer
for, and which I am confident the British expect, or they
would not send to this country 19 sail of the line.

"27/// April : Mrs. Tayloe writes from Washington to
!ier mother dissuading her from leaving Annapolis, as in
the opinion of persons well informed, Annapolis is the
safest place of residence in this State, It is made one of
the ports in the United States for the reception of cartels
and the exchange of prisoners."

** 8th May : I have sent my valuable papers, books of
account and plate to the Manor, and baggage of different
kinds will be sent to-morrow. When I go to the Manor,
the exact time I cannot now fix on, your sister Caton
and her daughters Betsy and Emily will accompany me.
I shall remove my pipes of wine to my farm near this
city, and some household furniture, for I seriously appre-
hend the enemy will destroy this town. It is reported a
strong force is going up the Potomac and that they are
greatly alarmed at Washington. There are so many re-
ports in circulation it is difficult to determine what to
believe." '

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll.

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298 Charles Carroll of Cm^rollton.

But this time the alarm proved groundless, and
Charles Carroll going from Annapolis to " Doughor-
egan," lingered at the Manor until the second week
in December. From the latter place he writes, Oct-
tober 31st, to Charles Carroll, Jr., rejoicing over Na-
poleon's disasters : " Your servant Sam delivered
your letter while we were at dinner ; the foreign in-
telligence it imparted was more acceptable than the
most luxurious desert could have been." And on
the 4th of November he refers to the details that
had appeared in the Baltimore Federal Gazette :
*' It appears to me that Napoleon is in a very criti-
cal situation. God send that the disturber of the
world may meet with his deserved fate and punish-
ment." Of Madison's " wicked Administration,"
and its threats, the Maryland Federalist writes as
follows :

** Doug/ioregan, 5th December : If the government of
this country should put to death the British ofificers,
soldiers or any of them confined to retaliate the execu-
tion of British subjects taken in arms fighting against
their native country, I have no doubt the British fleet
will destroy in the course of next summer, any town and
habitation on the coast of this Bay and sea accessible to
their ships. That the British government will cause to
be hanged some of the prisoners sent to England to be
tried as British subjects, proved to be so, I am fully pvr-
suaded ; in doing so that government will be justified
by the law of nations. But the execution of British pris-
oners of war by way of restitution cannot be justified by
that law, and though our present wicked Administration
from their deadly hatred to England would willingly ex-

Rights of Naturalized Aliens. 299

ecute their menace, their fears will restrain them, and the
American nation will not suffer the atrocious deed to
take place. From the Regent's declaration, lately made
known to the American government, it is obvious the
British Admiral was instructed not to lay waste our
coasts or destroy our towns, but to confine his operations
to the intercepting our commerce. I presume the same
line of conduct will be pursued by the British if our
rulers dare not retaliate on Britisli prisoners of war the
just ])unishment that may be inflicted on British traitors.
In this view of the subject, which I think correct, there
is no immediate necessity to remove my li')rary from my
house in Annapolis, or my wine from my farm near it." '

On this same subject of British prisoners, and
naturalized citizens and their rights, or " wrongs,"
Charles Carroll has more to say in a letter written
two days later to Robert Goodloe Harper :

'* Dr. Thomas has brought me the President's message.
It breathes a hostile spirit against England and menaces
retaliation if the British government should direct the
prisoners sent to England for trial — if found to be British
subjects — to be executed. Although the standing law of
Great Britain natu'-alizes all aliens, and such naturalized
subjects are employed in her fleets and armies, have not
the original sovereigns of such naturalized aliens a right
to reclaim them, and if at war with Great Britain, and
they should be taken prisoners, a right to punish them
with death ? Does our Constitution or laws admit of its
citizens changing their allegiance and becoming subjects
of another State ? If they do not, should an American
citizen be taken fighting against this country, could he

not be tried as a traitor ?

' Ibid,

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300 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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If this country, or those whose subjects are naturalized
by Great Britain, admit the doctrine that allegiance is
not indefeasible and may be changed, the case put by the
President to justify retaliation does not apply as to Great
Britain and will not justify it. The President asserts that
many of the individuals, prisoners of war and sent to
England for trial, emigrated from the British dominions
long prior to the war between the two countries ; the
President ought to have good proof for this assertion.
Although the British government may have the right to
punish as traitors British subjects taken in arms against
their native country, even being naturalized citizens of
this, the policy of the measure appears to me very ques-
tionable."

Writing again, December i6th, Charles Carroll
tells of his .satisfaction at the election of Governor
Winder and a " Federal Council." He speaks of
the general opinion that an embargo will be laid
by Congress ; " perhaps this measure adding still
more to the distresses of the people, may at last
work a change in the political sentiments of the
Democratic party and induce them to get rid of
their present rulers." Charles Carroll of Carrollton
was at this time in Baltimore, and Mr. Harper was
in Annapolis attending the session of the Court
of Appeals he and his family occupying the Carroll
house.

Complaints had been made against the overseer
at Charles Carroll's farm near Annapolis and several
of the latter's letters during this winter, which he
spends in Baltimore, discuss this matter. He
expects a detailed account of the complaints, from
his son-in-law, when he will be " better able to form

(It

An Unsatisfactory Overseer.

ralized
mce is
by the
) Great
rts that
sent to
ninions
2S ; the
sertion.
right to
against
zens of
•y ques-

Carroll
jvernor
Daks of
be laid
still
at last
of the
rid of
roUton
3er was
Court
Carroll

verseer
several
lich he
. He
;, from
10 form

proper judgment and apply some remedy." And
he adds ** Sears may have faults, and the negroes
may complain without much reason, nay they may
be instigated by a certain person to complain who
bears an ill-will against Sears." Mr. Harper is to
examine how Sears conducts his business, and he
will be able to discover from the looks of the
negroes " if they are well-treated and fed." The
letter continues : ** I really believe Sears is honest
and sober, two very essential qualities in overseers.
He is industrious, though he has not so much judg-
ment in farming as I could wish ; non ego paucis
offendor macules; ille optimiis est, qui minimis
urgetur — this sentiment of Horace may be applied
to overseers as well as poets." A little later Charles
Carroll writes again of Sears, telling Mr. Harper
to be on his guard as to the accusations against him,
as " several are seeking his place who are not trust-
worthy." He wants the case minutely investigated,
however, in case any of the charges are true. But
he does not wish to trust his wines and other valu-
able property to a new overseer, as it would be dif-
ficult, at this season, to find a good one.

He finally decides from his son-in-law's report
that " things are not as they should be." But he
does not want the negroes to be confronted with
Sears, " such an examination will be productive
only of ill-treatment of my negroes." The man
had not managed the place as well as he should
have done : " If I should live to see peace," is
Charles Carroll's conclusion, *' and then reside with
security at Annapolis, I will endeavor to correct
the abuses of Sears and make him a better

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302 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

manager." Should he not succeed he will look out
for an overseer who understands farming, and the
management of stock, in which he thinks Sears
deficient. Of the prospects for peace, Charles Car-
roll writes in this letter of January 16, 1814:
" Till Bonaparte is defeated so as to be forced to
relinquish all his conquests and to make peace, or
what would be more desirable, till death rids the
world of the tyrant, I am persuaded no peace will
take place between this country and England."

The following letter to Robert Goodloe Harper,
then in Washington, treats of the same all absorb-
ing theme :

** Balliniorc, 26th February, 1814 : I have read with
much pleasure your speech at Annapolis ; you have
perspicuously traced the causes of our war with Great
Britain to their real origin and have exposed the dis-
graceful intrigues and falsehoods of the Administration
by which they have gradually led Congress to declare it.
If the war party could divest themselves of their hatred
to England and consider dispassionately the contents of
your address, I should hope the perusal of it would be
followed by happy consequences. But men blinded by
party spirit are not to be cured by reason but by suffer-
ings, and the great mass of the people have not yet suf-
fered enough to make them sick of the war. The avarice
of money lenders will fill the loan, and the large boun-
ties the army, with which when raised, the Administra-
tion may be tempted to carry on the war by forced loans
and conscriptions. The Constitution will present no
obstacle to an Administration which has already violated
it in so many instances. Will a sense of honor, and the
sanctity of oaths restrain men from such a wicked

The Federal Capital Burned. 303

ok out

nd the

Sears

cs Car-

1814:
ced to
:ace, or
ds the
ice will

harper,
absorb-

;ad with
ou have
-h Great
I the dis-
stration
eclare it.
hatred
itents of
ould be
nded by
y suffer-
yet suf-
avarice
e boun-
ninistra-
ed loans
sent no
violated
and the
wicked

attempt, who have long sacrificed every honest principle
to the love of power ?

Our friend Oliver confidently expects peace between
this country and England. I am not so confident ; in-
deed I am inclined to believe the war will be continued,
if continued between the Allies and Bonaparte. The
haughty spirit of that man, I suspect, is not yet suffi-
ciently humbled to submit to a peace dictated by his
enemies, even though that peace should leave to France
a large accession of territory and restore to him his sail-
ors and 300,000 veteran troops. If the offer of peace
and its terms should be rejected by Bonaparte, he must
act on the defensive, and endeavour to tire out the
Allies, gain time, generally favorable to the party acting
on the defensive, and wait for events, which may dis-
unite his enemies. Is the genius of Bonaparte and the
French nation suited to a defensive war ? If the war
goes on, the Allies will probably limit their operations to
expelling the French from all their remaining conquests
and confining them to the limits of the monarchy as held
by the last of the Bourbons. A little time will confirm
the truth of these speculations, or expose their emptiness.
I have hazarded them as the only topic I have to write
about, and rather than not to write at all, I have, perhaps,
exposed myself to the imputation of being a short-sighted
politician." '

In the spring of 18 14, preparations were made by
the British fleet under Admiral Cockburn, for the
attack on Washington and Baltimore. The British
land forces under General Ross routed the Ameri-
cans at Bladensburg, August 24th, and occupied the
Federal City, which was then but a very small town.
Its public buildings were burned by the ruthless
' Family papers, Mrs. William C. I'ennington.

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304 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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enemy, though its archives had been removed to a
place of safety, and a number of private houses were
also destroyed. The brilliant defense of Baltimore
followed in September, Ross being killed at the bat-
tle of North Point on the 12th, and the British fleet
forced to turn back. Charles Carroll of Carrollton,
wrote to Mr. Harper, who was then in Baltimore,
from " Doughoregan," August 25th :

" No doubt you have seen Mr. Smith, but I much
question whether in the present critical situation of this
State he has been able to dispose of my bank shares. I
have heard nothing more of the enemy since your letter
to Kitty, Drummond, I conjecture, attacked our army
in Fort Erie with the expectation in case of success, of
getting possession of our magazines at Buffalo, for while
we have the command of Lake Ontario the English army
beseiging Erie must be in want of provisions, and this
want I imagine forced Drummond to hazard the storm-
ing the position of Gaines* army."

To his son, Charles Carroll wrote the same day :
" The enemy are in possession of Washington ; it is
reported they have destroyed the public buildings
and Navy Yard, I hope the latter only. It is thought
they will next attack Baltimore. The fire at Wash-
ington was plainly seen by several of my people
about ten o'clock last night." And he writes also
on the 26th :

" It is said the enemy are on their march from Wash-
ington to Baltimore, through the country, which they
will probably reach in a day or two. It is probable that
a deputation from the city will meet them before they
enter the town, and capitulate on the best terms they

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Conquest of Canada Hopeless. 305

can ; resistance will be fruitless, and if made, will only
cost the lives of some valuable citizens. It is jjiobable
the shipping will be destroyed — time, perhaps a few days,
will discover the ulterior operations of Lord Hill. Un-
less arrested by peace, he may march to Philadelphia ;
no effectual force will assemble in time to oppose his
march. It is said Lord Hill's army observes the strictest
discipline."

Charles Carroll had come to the conclusion a few
days later that Baltimore would not " capitulate " so
promptly. And he writes to Robert Goodloe Har-
per, August 30th :

" Mr. Gallager is much in want of Dr. Wharton's an-
swer to the Catholic question. He is, 1 believe, writing
some strictures on Wharton's performance, and has
written to the bookseller for it. I send mv servant to
bring the pamphlet to Mr. Gallager, and partly to know
what is doing in Baltimore, and if a defense is beginning
to be organized, such as may, when completed, oppose a
successful resistance to the expected attack. Have you
any tidings of Lord Hill, or any estimate to be relied on
of the forces come, or coming with him ? Is young Mr.
William Cooke in town ? How is Mr. Pinkney and Mr.
Sterrett ? I hope they all will soon recover from their
wounds. Mr. Gallager tells me a large force is now in
Baltimore, and daily increasing. He met great numbers
on the road going there. If Mr. William Cooke, Sr., is
still at the Widow Sterrett's I will call and see him.

As the conquest of Canada is now become hopeless,
will not Madison recall our regulars from the frontiers of
that province, at least the greater part of them ? When
the British get the command of Lake Ontario, Sacket's
Harbour with our fleet must fall into their hands, and the

VOL. 11 — 20

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306 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

garrison also, left to defend it. Is it not time to hear
something from Ghent ? Tlie Hritish Cabinet, I fear, is
playing on Madison his own game, and not very selicit-
ous about peace with this country. That cabinet, how-
ever, will be taught by the event, if the war continues,
as Madison has experienced to his cost, at least of this
country, that honesty is the best policy, and reconcilia-
tion better." '

The crisis was over in Maryland, and Baltimore
was saved from the fate of Washington, when the
next letters that are preserved in this series were
written, October 29th, and December 4th ; too late
to contain any mention of the stirring episode that
has made of September 12th a State holiday. In
the letter to Robert Goodloe Harper of the 4th of
December, Charles Carroll of Carrollton contemplates
with equanimity, in the event of British success at
New Orleans, the secession of the " Western States,"
meaning, doubtless, the states bordering on the Mis-
sissippi, and the formation of " a separate Confed-
eracy," and thinks it will be to the advantage of
the " Union " that remains.

" Doughoregan, 4th December ^ 1814 : I am of your
opinion that the British government is disposed to make
peace on terms which our Administration ought to ac-
cept ; but our rulers and the heads of their faction do
not want peace. They look to a large standing army to
continue themselves and party in power, and to enforce
the collection of taxes by military coercion, and without
which they will not or cannot be paid. What event

* Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll and Mrs. \Vm. C.
Pennington.

V-.v ,

The Battle of New Orleans, 307

could he more calamitous to this country ? 'I'iiis haneful
faction aims at a mililary despotism ; with no other view
has it acted all alonj^ in perfect concert with Bonaparte.
Our commissioners comprehend perfectly the designs of
the Executive, and act in conformity to secret instruc-
tions given to such of them as are most in the confidence
of the President. I have no doubt the Congress at Vi-
enna has by its measures consolidated the pacification of
Europe, and that a long peace in that part of the world
will be the result. About the 12th or 13th instant I ex-
pect to take up my winter ([uarters at Mr. Caton's in
Baltimore ; no danger, f think, of an attack on Hallimore
this winter, or before the end of March. I suspect the
ex])edition which sailed from Plymouth the iSth Sei)tem-
ber, must be gone against New Orleans. Should the
enemy succeed, perhaps the Western States, partly by
force and partly by advantages which the British may
hold out to them, may be induced to form a separate
Confederacy. Their separation will secure the union
of the Atlantic States, and form the best security for
Canada."

Harper liad been commissioned a brif^adier-gcn-
cral of Maryland militia, and hi.s father-in-law wrote
to him from Baltimore, December 17th: "I hope
the Council will speedily appoint a Brigadier General
resident in this city that you may not be summoned
here on every groundless alarm." He adds : " It is
much to be desired to have a body of regular troops
raised by the State for its defence, but I fear the
means will be wanting to raise and pay a complete
number."

The war closed nominally by the treaty of Ghent,
signed two weeks before the actual conclusion of

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308 Charles Carroll 0/ Carrollton.

hostilities in General Jackson's victory at New Or-
leans, January 8, 181 5. There was great rejoicing
doubtless among both Democrats and Federalists,
at the return of peace. The latter party in Mary-
land included such prominent names as the Gilmors,
Howards, Olivers, Sterretts, Smiths, Bryces, Grahams,
and Cookes, ' most of them Charles Carroll's intimate
friends or connections, as will be seen. In Decem-
ber of this year, Charles Carroll writes to Robert
Goodloe Harper, from Mr. Caton's in Baltimore,
giving a pleasant account of the social festivities
attendant upon the visit to that city of one of the
heroes of the war, Carroll's old friend " Capt. Deca-
tur," now risen to a high rank :

** Commodore Decatur and Mrs. Decatur dined with
us yesterday. Wc had a pretty large party, Genl. Rob-
ert Smith, Mr. Cobb, Captain Spcnce, Col. Mercer, John
Howard and several others. Mrs. Decatur dines with
us to-day [December 19th.] Your letter was read to
her. The Commodore is in good health and spirits. He
dines with a large party to-morrow at Mrs. Robert Smith's.
The Governor did intend to go to Annapolis on Monday,
but has been much indisposed. I understand he is now
much better."

In a letter of a little later date, Charles Carroll
says : Commodore Decatur and Mrs. Decatur will
leave Baltimore for Washington on Thursday ; every
attention has been paid to them during their stay."'
The following letters were written by Charles Carroll
of Carrollton to General Harper while the latter was
ittending Congress, in 1816:

' Carey's " Olive Branch," Preface to First Edition.
- Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

* v..

Is opposed to Slate Banks.

309

" Baltimon\ 2jrd February 1S16 ; Shoultl the hill
limitinji the direct tax to one year pass the Senate, it is
to be ipprehended that the House of Representatives
will refuse at the next session to originate another bill
for laying that tax. What then will become of public
credit if permanent taxes erpially productive cannot or
will not be substituted ? If such <:ould be imposed,
operating eipially, as far as is practicable, they would,
perhaps, be preferable to the land tax, the collection of
which will be exi)ensive and difficult. If I am correctly
informed a considerable proportion of the direct tax
laid in Adams' Administration remains unpaid in several
of the Southern States. If a national bank on some
sound principles should not [)ass, how is the present
confusion in our monied concerns to be remedied, and
the taxes collected ? The States will go on incorporating
banks, and this country will be deluged with a paper
medium of no more value than the old Continental cur-
rency in its lowest stage of depreciation. Strange and
most fraudulent expenditures of the revenue, it is re-
ported have taken place in some of the public departments.
If this report be true, will not an investigation of these
abuses be set on foot by Congress ? Has Mr. Gallatin
declined his mission to France ? "

" ^J>rt7 lyth : I have read with pleasure your speech
on the late resolutions moved by you in the Senate, It
seems Mr. King spoke with asperity against the practice
of impressing American seamen ; no doubt it was and
ever will be abused, but how can it be prevented but by
a law excluding foreign seamen from our public and pri-
vate vessels ? Even a law will not be effectual without
proper provisions to be executed under the inspection of
consuls of foreign powers in our principal seajjorts. Un-
less a prohibition sanctioned by an act of Parliament and
of Congress, perfectly reciprocal takes place, and is exe-

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3 1 o Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

cuted on both sides with good faith, to exclude from
British vessels of war and merchantmen American sea-
men, and vice versa British seamen from our vessels,
public and private, the practice of impressment so injuri-
ous and justly complained of, will most certainly lead to
war in the course of years, between the two countries.
War I consider as a great calamity, and having a stronger
influence in corrupting the morals of a nation even than
a long peace, and therefore most weigl/y and just should
be the cause to justify engaging in it ; I think with Cicero,
nulluvibellumjustum^nisi necessariiim. . . . Again, a few
thoughts on war and its causes ; they are frequently con-
cealed from the public, springing more from low in-
trigues, antipathies, ambition of individuals, and plausible
pretences of violated national honor, than from the os-
tensible and alleged reasons and topics set forth in
declarations. Collisions of interest and real grounds of
quarrel, will, no doubt, sometimes arise, especially be-
tween maritime and commercial nations envious and
jealous of each other. But if rulers were wise they
would, at least ought, to resort before the sword is drawn,
to pacific negotiations, carried on with good faith, free
from irritation and in the spirit of peace, avoiding hatred
and mutual reproaches. Such are my sentiments : si quid
novistri rectiiis istis candidus impcsti, si non, his utere me-
cune." *

In July, General and Mrs. Harper were at the Ball-
ston Springs in New York, and in writing to the
former Charles Carroll sends messages to his friends
in that State. He is " glad to hear that Mrs. Morris
is well and happy " and wishes to be remembered
to llr. Morris, Mr. Gracie and Mr. King; "for all

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Portrait Painted by Kinj.

they

those gentlemen I feel a very sincere regard," he
adds. Charles Carroll allude«5 to the recent death of
Gouverneur Morris in a letter of November 2ist:
" Is it known what disorder carried off Mr. Gouver-
neur Morris? His death is a public loss; in him
the United States have lost a citizen of great abili-
ties. Being an old acquaintance which commenced
in difificult times, T regret sincerely his death."
Though the war was over the Federalist statesman
still had causes of complaint against the Democratic
Administration, and he writes in ihe fall of l8i6:
" I say nothing of politics, indeed I hate to think of
them, for in viewing the general complexion and
temper of these United States, I see nothing to con-
sole but much to alarm me for the present and future
welfare of my country ; this despondency is not the
effect of this gloomy weather but of serious reflec-
tion." •

Charles Carroll of Carrollton had written to
King the artist in August ; telling him that he
would be in Baltimore about the 20th of December,
to remain there during the winter, and would sit for
his picfcur" ' 'hich had been requested by Joseph
Dckpl^j'ne for "The Repository" a collection of
biograrjhfcal sketches Delaplaine was editing. This
gen ck nun had asked Charles C. '^ for some facts
of his life, and the latter responded in an interesting
letter giving briefly an accoun*. of his education
abroad, and his public services in America. He
states :

"On the breaking -^ut of oar Revolution I took a de-

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3 1 2 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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cided part in support of the rights of this country ; was
elected a member of the Committee of Safety established
by the Legislature, was a member of the Convention
which formed the Constitution of this State. The jour-
nals of Congress will show how long I was a member c^
that body during the Revolution. With Dr. Franklin
and Mr. Samuel Chase, I was appointed a commissioner
to Canada. I was elected a member of the Senate at the
first session of Congress under the present Confederation :
though well acquainted with General Washington, and J
flatter myself in his confidence, — few letters passed ut,
tween us ; one, having reference to the opposition m-uL;
to the treaty concluded by Mr. Jay, has been repeatedly
published in the newspapers, and perhaps you may have
seen it ; that letter is no longer in my possession." '

Mr. Delaplaine had asked Charles Carroll ab«:^ut
his correspondence with General Washington. " The
Repository, Lives and Portraits of Distinguished
Americans," published in Philadelphia in i8i6 and
i8i8, was never completed as originally designed,
and the Carroll sketch never saw the light.

Inquiries were also made of Charles Carroll, in
1817, as to his part in
formed the Constitution
reply is as follows :

Baltimore, 29th December, 1817.
Dear Sir : I was one of the committee that framed
the constitution of this, State and the mode of chusing
the Senate was suggested by me ; no objection was made
to it in the committee, as I remember, except by Mr.
Johnson, who disliked the Senate's filling up the vacan-

' Maryland Historical Society's " Centennial Memorial," tCjO, p.
106.

" the Convention which
" of Maryland and his

? 1

Letter to Virgil Maxcy.

l^^l

cies in their own body. I replied that if the mode of
chusing Senators by Electors were deemed eligible the
filling up vacancies in that body was inevitable as the
electors could not be convened to make choice of a
Senator on every vacancy and that the Senate acting
under the sanction of an oath, and Z' esprit du corps,
would insure the election of the fittest men for that sta-
tion, nor do I recollect while I was in the Senate, that the
power intrusted to it in this instance was ever abused or
perverted to party views.

I do not remember at this distance of time whether
this part of the committee's report was objected to in the
convention, nor any report of its debates and proceed-
ings other than what is to be found in Hanson's edition
of the laws, nor what was the understanding of that body
respecting the right of the Governor of nomination to
the council. I have answered your several questions to
the best of my recollection, my answers I fear will throw
no new light on the subject ; that the manner of electing
Senators was approved by the experience of many years
and that no inconvenience resulted from the Senate's
filling up vacancies cannot I think be denied. When
parties run high the best institutions afford but a feeble
defence against the passions of interested or deluded
men, party spirit seems to be abated, and to have lost
much of its virulence, whether it will be prudent in this
state of things to alter the mode of electing the Senate
I leave to your better Judgment. I am, with sincere
regard. Dear Sir,

Yr. most hum. Servt.
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.

To Virgil Maxcy. [West River, Md.] '

' MS : Letter, Mr. Worthington C. Ford.

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3 1 4 Charles Carroll of CarrolUon.

The Caton sisters, Mary, Mrs. Robert Patterson,
whose husband was a brother of Madame Jerome
Bonaparte, Eh'zabeth and Louisa Caton were in
Europe at this time. And on March ist, 1817,
Louisa was married to Col. Sir Felton Bathurst
Hervey, who had fought under Wellington in Spain,
and was his aide-de-camp at Waterloo. And an
interesting letter has been published within recent
yeai written to Chailes Carroll of Carrollton by
Col. .:y, at the request of his wife's grand-

father, i 'ribing the battle of Waterloo.' Allu-
sion is made to this letter in the correspondence
with General Harper. Charles Carroll was sending
his grandsons abroad in these years, to be educated.
And he makes careful inquiries in advance. Mary
Harper was sent over to France, under the care
of Mr. Gallatin, in 18 16, to a school in Poitiers,
where she will be " more piously educated than in
the very best boarding-school in Philadelphia."
And the affectionate grandfather writes tenderly :
" A kind Providence, I hope, will guard my dear
granddaughter and restore her to you both in good
health, pious and improved in all those qualities
which render women amiable and estimable. It is
probable I shall not see the dear girl before her
departure, and may not live to see her return. Kiss
her for me. I send her my love and blessing." This
young girl, it appears, died while abroad.

Charles Carroll wanted the two boys, young
Carroll and young Harper to be educated together,

' LittelVs Living Age, April 29th, 1893, from The Nineteenth
Century ; MS : at Hornby Castle, England.

The Harpers in Europe.

315

and he thought first of Cambridge, but there were
objections to the English University, " too many
and too long vacations." On tlie 21st of February,
18 17, he wrote from Annapolis to General Harper
who was then in Washington :

" The enclosed letter I beg you to deliver to the
French minister with my respects, and request to him
to forward it to Paris by the first opportunity. The
purport of the letter is to request Mr. Perigny to give
me his opinion as to the education of youth in France,
and where morals are most attended to, and the best
education can be obtained, in Paris or in the provinces,
and in which of them. Should he prefer a Parisian
education would he advise me to fix my grandson Charles
Carroll, the expenses of board and tuition, and of being
taught dancing, fencing, music and drawing. Uncertain
of Mr. Perigny's residence, I have addressed the letter
to Julius de Menon."

Mrs. Harper's health failing in 1818, she sailed
with her husband to England, for the benefit u."
the sea voyage and a change of climate ; and the
following letters from Charles Carroll of Carrollton
to his son-in-law, tell something about himself, as
well as about the travellers across the sea.

" Doug/ioregan, 26th J^uly, 1818 : I received yester-
day your letter of the loth of June from Liverpool. I
hope you will find Mrs. Hervey and Betsy and the boys
at Paris in good health, and the latter much improved.
I send them my love and blessing. Betsy undoubtedly
will not miss so good an opportunity of returning home
with you and her aunt. Mr. and Mrs. Bagot favored me
with a short visit. We have had some excessive hot days

! . \%

3 1 6 Charles Carroll of Carrolllon,

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unfortunately while my amiable and distinguished visit-
ors were here. The more I see of them the more I like
them ; they grow upon acquaintance.

" When you see Julius assure him I have a sincere re-
gard for him. Remember me also to his mother and her
sister Madame Le Peltier. You will ceriainly take Cam-
bray in your way. The boys are to spend their vacation
with Mrs. Hervey. No doubt you will see the Duk'^ of
Wellington and Col. Hervey. From Mrs. Patterson's
account of the Duke there cannot be a more friendly and
amio'i^ ; man ; and all who know Hervey love him. I
suppose you will pay Mr. Cooke a visit. His character
and great tenderness to Mrs. Harper's nieces entitle him
to e. :ry actention from every part of our family."

^^ August 2Sth : [Thanks him for the letter of 21st of
June.] . . . very interesting and satisfactory from the
description of the country and gentlemen's seats which
you visited. Lord Grovenor must have a revenue ex-
ceeding ;^55,ooo sterling, or must have incurred a con-
siderable debt by expending ^^400,000 in building at the
rate of ^^40,000 a year in ten years. I should suppose
his style of living could not fall short of ;;i£'i5,ooo pr.
year. Betsy, I confidently hope, will return home with
you. Present my kind respects to Col. Hervey. I have
answered his obliging letter giving an account of the
battle of Waterloo."

''^November 3rd: Kind respects to Count de Menon
and Mr. and Mrs. Dunlevy. Assure [Kitty] of my ten-
derest affection and ardent desire for her return. Your
dear little Robert enjoys excellent health and an abun-
dant flow of spirits. He really is a charming child and
most endearing. The distinguished reception you have
received from the Duke of Wellington and Woronsoff
could not fail of giving you much pleasure. The re-

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Story of the Morancy Brothers. 3 1 7

^ YA

views of troops must have been most amusing, and trav-
elling must have contributed to your health. That you
may long enjoy it is the sincere wish," etc'

The French friends mentioned by Charles Carroll
of Carrollton in these letters had probably al' been
among the refugees who had come to the United
States during the Reign of Terro' in France ; such
at least was the case with Madame Le Peltier, whose
maiden name was Perigny and v/ho was doubtless a
sister of the Rev. Mr. Perigny, then living in Paris,
the former chaplain at the Manor, and she was asso-
ciated with Charles Carroll in an act of benevolence
in connection with some of the St. Domingo exiles
which may here be related.

Among the French families of means and social
position living on that island at the time of the
Revolution in St. Domingo was that of Jean Fran-
cois Morancy, consisting of himself, his wife, and
three children. They lived near the town of Aux
Cayes, to which place they fled from their planta-
tion home to avoid the insurgent negroes. Here
Madame Morancy died of yellow fever. Soon after
came the fearful massacre of the whites by the
slaves ; Mr. Morancy, his brother, and the brother
of his wife were all among the slain. The three
helpless children, Victoire, Honore Pierre, and
Emile, aged thirteen, ten, and five, were saved by
their nurse, who carried them to the United States,
where they landed at Charleston, South Carolina.
Pierre recalled in after years the terror and agony
of the flight, the hurried drive in a close carriage

' Family papers, Mrs. William C, Pennington.

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3 1 8 Charles Carroll of Carrolllon.

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through the blood-stained streets to the ship which
took them away, three lonely, destitute orphans.
There were others escaping at the same time who
knew this family, and acquainted the French consul
in Baltimore with their situation.

Victoire and the little Emilc were adopted by
Madame Le Peltier, who was then supporting her-
self by teaching, but the young girl finally went
to live with relatives in the West Indies. Honore
Pierre and Emile remained in America, and the edu-
cation of Emile was provided for on the return of
his benefactress to France, by Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton. In gratitude to Madame Le Peltier, Hon-
ore Pierre's name was changed to Honore Pcrigny.
He became a teacher of languages, after his educa-
tion was finished, until his marriage in i8i8, to a
lady of some fortune in Louisiana. Pierre lived
with Mrs. Harper for some time, and was intimate
with Charles Carroll's grandsons, corresponding with
them while they were at school in Paris, and at col-
lege on their return to America. He became a phy-
sician, living also in Louisiana, and his son and
grand .jn bore the name of Charles Carroll Morancy,
in grateful remembrance of the benefactor of the
family, Charles Carroll of Carrollton. Many letters
from Charles Carroll to the Morancy brothers were
among their cherished possessions and descended
to their children, but were lost in the havoc of the
war between the States.'

' Data furnished by a descendant of Pierre Morancy.

»v

CHAPTER IX.

THE LAST OF TIIK SIGNKKS.
1 820-1832.

THE year 1820 is memorable as the year when
Missouri was admitted into the Union, when
"the South reluctantly submitted to the so-called
* compromise' proposed by Henry Clay; the first of
a long series of compromises in all of which the
South purchased over again what was already hers,
while all in the North took credit for generosity or
complained of wrong, because she, [the North],
yielded to her partner some small fraction of equal
privilege and common property, arrogating the rest
to herself."' The "compromises" came to an end
in 1861, and descendants of Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton, among other gallant Marylanders, took up
arms for the rights of the South in the war that en-
sued, for the principles expounded in the immortal
Declaration of Independence which their ancestor
had signed. Charles Carroll, however, saw not the
signs of the times, it would appear, from his political

*" History of the United States," by Percy Greg, American Edi-
tion, vol. i., p. 324.

319

320 Charles Carroll of Carrollion,

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allusions in the letters to Robert Goodloe Harper
written at this period :

" Annapolis, lyth February 1820 : Mr. Bullet who
heard Mr. King's speech Friday last was disappointed. He
thought it defective in argument, declamatory and in-
flammatory. Economy is said to be the order of the day
at Washington ; such a waste of time on the Missouri
question is certainly incompatible with that order. The
ardor and perseverance with which the debate is pursued
give room to suspect that something else than the exclu-
sion of slaves from the Missouri State is at the bottom.
Will a bankrupt law be passed this session ? Is there
any chance of getting an act to compel the purchasers of
lands in the western country to pay ready money for
them ? Will any measures be adopted by Congress to
prevent abuses, such as have been committed by the
president, cashier, and other officers in the office of Dis-
count and Deposit in Baltimore ? These matters are
certainly of more importance to the Union than the
Missouri question. The opinion of all acquainted with
banking is that a good direction cannot be insured with-
out giving every share a vote. I hope Mrs. Decatur's
party was fully attended, and I doubt not great elegance
and taste were displayed by the mistress of the mansion,
to whom and to the Commodore I desire to be kindly
remembered, Mr. and Mrs. McTavish intend to pay
them a visit as soon as the road gets settled,"

" Aj>rt7 igth : The brig on board of which Mr. and
Mrs. Patterson have taken their passage has passed
Annapolis and is nearly out of sight. I write this half
hour past four o'clock.

'* April 2jrd : Mr. Walsh has sent me four of the Na-
tional Gazettes, no doubt with the expectation that I

'!^UI

The Missouri Compromise, 321

Na-
hat I

should become a subscriber. That the Gazette will be
ably conducted, and contain many interesting disserta-
tions and essays, the talents of Mr. Walsh are a sufficient
guarantee ; but why keep alive the question of slavery ?
It is admitted by all to be a great evil ; let an effectual
mode of getting rid of it be pointed out, or let the ques-
tion sleep forever ; the compromise will prevent the ex-
tension of slavery beyond 36 degrees north and west of
the Missouri. It appears from the latest accounts from
Madrid that Ferdinand has proclaimed his adherence to
the Constitution made by the Cortes, 1812. Is that the
last Constitution ? If it be many alterations must be
made to render it durable." '

Emily Caton had married John McTavish a Scotch
gentleman, who had removed to Canada and was
sent as consul to the port of Baltimore. After his
marriage Mr. McTavish made his home in Maryland.

In one of Charles Carroll's letters written in April,
1820, he refers to several tracts of land he owned
" on Sugar and Pine Creeks in Pennsylvania," which
he has devised to his two daughters, and the four
daughters of his son, Charles Carroll, Jr. It seems
that Charles Carroll of Carrollton owned, " in various
parts of Pennsylvania, 27,691 acres of land, part of
which lay in Bradford County."'

The death of Decatur in a duel v ♦i Commodore
Barron took place March 22d, 1820, and the grief-
stricken widow was staying with her friends in
Annapolis in May. Charles Carroll writes on the
loth: "Mrs. Decatur continues much in the same

• Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.
'Charles Carroll of Carrollton, p. 15, Rev. Horace E. Hayden.
See also Appendix, Will of Charles Carroll.

VOL. II— 21

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322 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

state as when you left us. She cannot be prevailed
on to go out in the carriage, or even to walk in the
garden ; she eats little and slee[)s little." H'^ was at
" Doughoregan " soon after, where Mrs. C. and

Mrs. Decatur join him June 3d ; "the exercise and
change of air," he says, " has greatly benefited Mrs.
Decatur, her spirits are more composed, she dines
with us and converses more." Of his business affairs
and the stringency of the times, Charles Carroll
writes, in connection with banks and banking:

" The Congress has passed an act in relation to the
banks in the district of Columbia. I am considerably
interested in the Bank of Columbia, holding 236 shares.
It is very uncertain whether the Bank of the ^Jnited
States will make a dividend next month. I r( e no
money but from bank dividends, and these \\\^^ cap-
plied to the annuities of my children. Upwards of
$3,000 are due to me in Baltimore for rents which cannot
be collected, or are not ; large sums are due for interest,
which the debtors give themselves no concern about."

The latest foreign news receives attention in a
letter dated July 25th :

" I got by the stage this morning Monday's Gazette. I
find the Queen has arrived in England ; I suspect her
coming was encouraged by the Opposition to perplex the
ministry. These men want to be ministers ; a station in
the present situation of England, in my opinion, no ways
desirable. Subjects of discomfort enough exist without
adding to them the embarrassment which the Queen's
arrival will occasion, and the riots it has already excited,
and probably will excite still greater." '

' P'amily papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

Mr. Bagot and M. dc Ncnville, 323

With his family about him, children and grand-
children, and interesting; company staying in the
house, the summers at " Dou«;horcg;in Manor" in
these years, were seasons to Charles Carroll oj social
and domestic pleasure, agreeable to contemplate.
Among his visitors, in i8i!i, as we have seen, were
the British Minister, Mr, Bagot and his wife. The
former is described at this time as "about 35, tall,
elegant, and rather graceful in person, countenance
open and ingenuous, English complexion, and eyes
mild though dark. He has thrown aside English re-
serve and hauteur, and attends to all with equal
courtesy," ' says this writer.

And Watterston gives a pen-portrait of another
distinguished foreigner, who had lived many years in
the United States, having left France to escape Na-
poleon's tyranny, and who was also a friend of Charles
Carroll of CarroUton's and a visitor at the Manor.
This was the French Minister, Mons. Hyde de Neu-
ville, a " fat, portly gentleman, with a broad chest, big
head, and short neck. He is full of Bourbon import-
ance and I French vivacity, has petit soupers every
Saturday evening during the winter, and spends his
summer at the springs, or his country residence, in
extolling the virtues of his beloved Louis le destroy '
He and his wife Madame de Neu\'ille gave an ele-
gant entertainment on the birthnight of the Duch-
esse d' Angouleme, in December, 1817.

Adam Hodgson, an Englishman travelling in

' " Letters from Wasliington, by a Foreigner " [George Watterston,
Librarian of Congress], i8l8.
' Ibid.

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324 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

America in 1820, has left on record a detailed ac-
count of a visit to " Doughoregan Manor " in July
of this year which brings vividly to view the house-
hold and its guests, r-'d the genial, courteous host.
Writing from Baltr ore, July 13th, he says :

" I have lately been paying some very agreeable visits
at the country-seats of some of my acquaintances in the
neighborhood. . . . The other morning I set out, at four
o'clock, with General H [arper ?] on a visit to a most
agreeable family, who reside on a large Manor, about
seventeen miles distant. We arrived about seven o'clock
and the family soon afterwards assembled to breakfast.
It consisted of several friends from France, Canada, and
Washington and of the children and grandchildren of my
host, a venerable patriarch, nearly eighty-five [eighty-
three] years of age, and one of the four survivors of those
who signed the Declaration of Independence. The house,
situated in an extensive manor, is a large, unpretending
mansion, and the whole domestic economy is substantially
English. After breakfast Mr. C. retired to his study, and
General H [arper ?] conducted me to my room, where I
read the Edinburgh Review till nearly dinner time, the
weather being too hot for exercise, and each person be-
ing left to his own pursuits. The family portraits in the
dining-room, comprised two or three generations, in their
appropriate costume ; and among others, was one of Mr.
C. himself, painted, as he told me, by Sir Joshua Reyn-
olds, more than sixty years since.

" In the cool of the evening three ponies were brought
out for the children, who had been anticipating their
evening ride all day with great glee. As the General
rode with them, leading the ponies of the little girls with
long reins, I was reminded with feelings of a melancholy

.\^

Life at '^Doughoregan Manor y 325

pleasure, o*" ' days that must return no more.* It was a
beautiful night, and we sat, talking in the porch, till a
late hour, admiring the brilliant stars. General H's travels

on the Continent, Mr. 's residence in Canada, the

Count's budget of news from France, and my Indian tour,
furnished the subject of conversation. After breakfast
the following morning, the ladies played for us on the
harp ; and in the evening, I set out on horseback, to re-
turn hither, not without a feeling of regret, that I had
probably taken a final leave of my hospitable friend, who
although still an expert horseman, seldom goes beyond
the limits of his manor. I had, however, seen him riding
in a long procession, through the streets of Baltimore,
holding in his hand, the Declaration of Independence,
which he delivered to the orator of the day, at the monu-
ment of General Washington. Among the distinguished
personages at his house, I forgot to mention a little lap-
dog, which Lord Wellington gave to Madame Jerome
Bonaparte, who, you will recollect, is a very near connec-
tion of the family." '

A New England tourist had passed by " Dougho-
regan Manor" in the summer of 1819, which he ig-
norantly calls " Carrollton," but he did not stop to
pay his respects to the retired statesman living there.
He notes that there was no town of "Carrollton"
[sic] only Charles Carroll's plantation, on which there
were nearly a thousand slaves, and which produced,
twenty thousand bushels of wheat. " Attached to the
house," he observes., " was a small Roman Catholic
chapel." " He is now very old," writes Jared Sparks,

' Hodgson's " LeUers from North America," London, 1824. Let-
ter XX,, vol. i., p. 326.

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326

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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*' but still active." ' Charles Carroll of Carrollton is
thus described in a newspaper of this year :

** Of activity of body, and energy of mind, evidencing
a constitution preserved by the strictest discipline, which
promises him long to this country and the community of
which he has long been considered the most venerable
and distinguished ornament. His m ion has given
celebrity to the hospitality of Maryland, .jy being opened
to distinguished visitors from every quarter of the Union
and every civilized country of the globe. The utility of
his public life is gilded by the peaceful beams of his de-
clining years. A worthy associate of those men whose
names are engraven upon a bolder monument than the
pyramids of Egypt." '

A re-survey of " Doughoregan Manor," with the
additions to the original tract, was made December
4th, 1820. And as .so enlarged it contained 13,361^
acres : " Beginning at a stone heretofore planted near
the east side of the public road leading from Balti-
more to Rockville in Montgomery County, marked
with the following inscription, to wit :
Here Stand the Beginning Trees of Doughoregan,

Push Pin and
the Girl's Portion."'

Charles Carroll v^^as in Annapolis the following
winter and spring, where children and grandchildren
were staying with him in April, when he writes to
Robert Goodloc Harper on the i6th, that " Mr. and
Mrs. Patterson and my son, and Mr. and Mr.s.

' Adams's " Life and Writings of Jared Sparks," vol. i., p. 151.

* Riley's " History of Annapolis," p. 256.

* Land Office, Deeds, Annapolis.

A Pious Parental Letter.

327

McTavish intend to visit Mrs. Lloyd. During their
absence Mrs. Caton will accompany me to ' Mel-
wood ; ' our stay there will not exceed two days. I
shall return to Annapolis on the 1st or 2nd May.
Mrs. Caton may possibly pay Mrs. Decatur a visit."
He returned to Annapolis from " Melwood," May
1st, stopping on the way to dine with the Ogles at
" Bel Air," and pay ** a flying visit to the priests at
White Marsh." ' The following pious letter was writ-
ten by Charles Carroll of Carrollton to his son, while
the latter was at " Doughoregan " attending to his
father's affairs there.

April I2th, 1821.

In writing to you I deem it my duty to call your
attention to the shortness of this life, and the certainty
of death, and the dreadful judgment we must all un-
dergo, and on the decision of which a happy or a
miserable eternity depends. The impious has said in
his heart, *' There is no God." He would willingly
beUeve there is no God ; the passions, the corruptions
of his heart would fain persuade him there is none. The
stings of conscience betray the emptiness of the delusion ;
the heavens proclaim the existence of God, and unper-
verted reason teaches that He must love virtue and hate
vice, and reward the one and punish the other.

The wisest and the best of the ancients believed in the
immortality of the soul, and the Gospel has established
the great truth of a future state of rewards and punish-
ments. My desire to induce you to reflect on futurity,
and by a virtuous Hfe to merit heaven, have suggested
the above reflections and warnings. The approaching
festival of Easter, and the merits and mercies of our

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

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328 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

Redeemer copiosa assudeum redemptio have lead me
into this chain of meditation and reasoning, and have
inspired me with the hope of finding mercy before my
Judge, and of being happy in the life to come, a happi-
ness I wish you to participate with me by infusing into
your heart a similar hope. Should this letter produce
such a change, it will comfort me, and impart to you
that peace of mind which the world cannot give, and
which I am sure you have long ceased to enjoy.

As we shall now probably have pleasant weather, a
jaunt to Carrollton will be of service to you. Before
you leave the Manor, desire Mr. Dean to have an eye to

the gardeners.

God bless you, from yr. aff. father

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

In a letter to his son-in-law^, Richard Caton, written
from the Manor, July 20th, Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton in the midst of business details, inserts a
paragraph or two which may be quoted : " We have
had a fine rain this morning, between four and five
o'clock," says the energetic old gentleman who still
preserved his habit of early rising, " I hope we shall
have more: ^hc corn, tobacco, and young clover
wanted rain, and more than has yet fallen here.
. . . When will the brick and plaster and scant-
ling for the Catholic Chapel at Annapolis be for-
warded to that city?'"

This Roman Catholic Chapel, called St. Mary's
Church, was not completed until about 1830, and
it was erected chiefly through the liberality of

' Family papers, Hon. John Lee Carroll. Published in part in
Appleton's Journal, Sept. 19th, 1874.

* MS : Letter, Frank D. Andrews, Vineland, New Jersey.

Laments the Loss of Friends.

329

s
id

Charles Carroll of Carrollton. It stood on the Duke
of Gloucester Street, and was in good condition
when Ridgely described it in 1839.' ^^ ^^as torn
down only a few years ago, on account of its unsafe
condition."

William Pinkney died in 1822, and in this same
year John Eager Howard lost his wife. Both events
are alluded to in letters of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton to Robert Goodloe Harper :

" Baltimore^ 28th February^ 1822 : I presume the sud-
denness and violence of poor Pinkney's disorder pre-
vented him from making a will during his illness, and if
not made previously to it, probably he has made none.
His death is a heavy loss to his family. Mr, Oliver told
me he believed Pinkney had saved and laid up $30,000.
This sum divided among his children will make but a
scanty fortune to each."

^^ Doughoregan, 2ist y^ufie : We are ail well; nothing
further from Mr. de Neuville. I am concerned to hear
that Judge Chase is so declining ; to him, to his family,
and to the family with which you now reside, I desire to
be kindly remembered."

" October 22nd : How is Col. Howard ? This last
blow notwithstanding the firmness of his character, has
made a deep impression on his mind and heart ; though
averse he may be from seeing company, yet the visit of a
friend might console him, at least discovt r that you feel
for him. I suggest the propriety of calling on him.
Should he decline your visit, you may learn from his son
Ben how he bears his loss,"'

' Ridgely's " Annals of Annapolis," p. 245.

* Riley's "History of Annapolis," p. 304.

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

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330 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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The Potomac Company of which Charles Carroll
had so long been a member was merged in 1823 into
the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. Vir-
ginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of
Columbia, sent delegates to a convention to meet
in Washington to organize the Company, which had
for its object the construction of a canal along the
Potomac River to its head, and from that point to
the waters of the Ohio. They met on the 6th of
November, and the new company was incorporated,
January 27, 1824.

The Alum Works Company was another enter-
prise in which Charles Carroll was interested at this
time. He wrote on the 12th of May 1823, about
the alum which was to be reserved for his use, suf-
ficient to pay his last note of $1000 given to Mr.
Mitchell, agent of the Alum Works Company. This
corporation failed and judgments were rendered
against the Alum Works in November of this year.
Among the visitors at " Doughoregan Manor " in
the fall of 1823, was the Count de Menon, either the
nephew or brother-in-law of Madame le Peltier, and
this was very probably the same French Count who
is mentioned as at " Doughoregan " in 1820. The last
letter of importance in the correspondence of Charles
Carroll of Carrollton with his son-in-law Robert
Goodloe Harper, was written from " Doughoregan,"
1 2th of August, 1824. General Harper, who was
then in failing health, was, with his family, visiting
his brother-in-law, Dr. Joseph Speed, in Tompkins
County, New York. After some details about the
crops in Maryland, Charles Carroll adds :

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Visit of Lafayette to Baltimore. 331

" I dwell on these matters as I have nothing more in-
teresting. No doubt the newspapers have informed you
of the sudden death of our Chancellor Johnson ; it is
conjectured Mr. John Buchanan will be his successor.
We have not received any late letters from England ; by
the last, early in June, Mrs, Patterson's health was im-
proving. Mr. and Mrs. Bayard will leave us next Tues-
day, the 17th inst. The late proceedings in Albany
seem to promise Mr. Crawford a better chance of being
President. I apprehended your accommodations on a
considerable part of your route would be very indiffer-
ent, and would lessen the pleasure if not the benefit of
travelling. I find they have been comfortable all the
way, and in most instances good. This proves that it is
wrong to anticipate evils which may never happen ; a
lesson I would impress on Mrs. Harper, too apt to look
on the gloomy side of incidents that may occur through
life. Give my love to her and your children. I suppose
we may expect you about the 20th of September, when
I hope we shall have the consolation of beholding you
greatly benefited by your journey.'

>>i

General Harper died in Baltimore, January 15,
1825. Mary Sophia Carroll, the second daughter of
Charles Carroll of " Homewood " and Harriet Chew,
born in 1804, had married the Hon. Richard H. Bay-
ard of Delaware, and was visiting with her husband
at the Manor in Augur>t, 1824, as has been seen.
The great incident of interest in America marking
the year 1824, was the visit to its shores of General
Lafayette. Preparations were early made in Vir-
ginia, for a celebration at Yorktown, the scene of the

' Family papers, Mrs. William C. Pennington.

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332 Charles Carroll of Car rollton,

surrender of Cornwallis, on the 19th of October, the
anniversary of this event. Madison, Jefferson, and
Charles Carroll of Carrollton were all invited to be
present but declined ** from age and infirmities."
Charles Carroll wrote the following letter expressing
his regret at his inability to be present.

IUltimore, October stli, 1824.

Sir : I received this morning your letter of the 27th
l)ast. I am flattered by the volunteer companies of Vir-
ginia in inviting me to the village of Yorktown on the 19th
instant. My advanced age prevents my being present at
the place where the surrender of Lord Cornwallis to the
united American and French Forces, sealed our indepen-
dence. The recollection of a scene so long past will be
highly gratifying to the nation's guest, who by his valor
and services contributed to that important event. I re-
main, with great respect. Sir, your most humble servant,

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.
Robert G. Scott, Esq., Richmond, Va.'

In Maryland, the two most conspicuous survivors
of the Revolutionary period were Charles Carroll of
Carrollton and John Eager Howard. And they
were associated together in a toast proposed, at this
time, by George Washington Parke Custis of "Ar-
lington," when he drank to Baltimore, "the city of
Howard and Carroll." Lafayette came to Baltimore
from Philadelphia, October 7th, with a party of
gentlemen among whom was John Quincy Adams,
who has left in his memoirs an account of the recep-
tion of " the nation's guest " in the Monumental city.

' Niles's Register, vol. xxvii., p. 120.

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Prefers Jackson for President. 333

At Fort McHenry, he says, they were met by the
Governor of Maryland and others.

" Mr. Charles Carroll of Carrollton, one of the three
surviving signers of the Declaration of Independence,
Col. John Eager Howard . . . and several other
veterans of the same class were there, all deeply affected
by the scene which was purely pathetic. After partak-
ing of a collation in the tent (used by General Washing-
ton during the Revolutionary War and borrowed from
Mr. Custis of Arlington) the procession for the general's
entry into the city was formed.' '

Charles Carroll of Carrollton formed a part of this
pageant, which is fully described also in the news
papers of the day. Lafayette was entertained at
** Belvedere " by Col. Howard. And on the night of
the 9th of October a grand ball was given to La-
fayette, at which Charles Carroll of Carrollton was
present for part of the evening.

We learn from the memoirs of John Quincy
Adams, something further as to Charles Carroll's
political sentiments at this time. In the winter of
1 824-1825, there were four Presidential candidates
in the field, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay,
William H. Crawford and Andrew Jackson, all of
them professing to be " Republicans," or Demo-
crats, for the party of the Federalists had ceased to
exist as an organization, though it had its represen-
tatives in individuals. From Charles Carroll's allu-
sion to Crawford's chances for the Presidency in his
letter of August, 1824, it would seem that he advo-

' " Memoirs of John Quincy Adams," vol. vi., p, 426.

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334 Charles Carroll of Carrol Itoii,

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cated the cause of the able Georgian. In February,
1825, it appears that as between Adams and Jack-
son, he preferred the latter, believing that he would
be less inimical to the Federalist remnant. In this
opinion he was supported by Roger Brooke Taney.
John Quincy Adams who was then in Washington
writes :

" Mr. VVarfield came ... He said that he had not
expressed his determination for whom he should vote
in the House on Wednesday. His friends, Mr. Charles
Carroll of CarroUton, and Mr. Taney, of Baltimore, had
urged him to vote for General Jackson, under an impres-
sion that if I should be elected, the administration would
be conducted on the principle of proscribing the Federal
party. I said I regretted much that Mr. Carroll for
whose character I entertained a profound veneration, and
Mr. Taney, of whose talents I had heard high encomium,
should harbor such opinions of me." '

The biographer of Judge Taney informs us that
the latter's conversion to Democracy, in which change
of faith he was joined by many other Maryland
Federalists, was caused by the publication in 1824,
of the correspondence of Monroe and Jackson, 1816-
18 1 7, on the subject of the New England Federalists
and their attitude in the war of 18 12, the proceed-
ings of the Hartford Convention having been kept
secret by those engaged in it.

Charles Carroll of " Homewood " died on the 3d
of April, 1825. He had been the object of his father's
tender affection and solicitude as the correspondence

• Ibid., vol. vi., p. 499.

Survives Both Son-in-Law and Son, 335

of Charles Carroll of Carrollton testifies. In one of
these many letters of shrewd, practical wisdom, and
pious exhortation, the good man writes to his son :
"God bless and prepare you for a better world, for
the present is but a passing meteor compared to
eternity." Writing to him in the summer of 1809,
when his health was not good, the father says :
"This cool weather will contribute to remove your
indisposition, but you must lend your assistance by
keeping your mind employed, by due exercise of
body and mind, and by a light regimen and absti-
nence from wine and heating liquors, by going to bed
at nine o'clock and rising by five o'clock in the morn-
ing. I believe lounging in bed after waking in the
morning, to be very injurious to health, particularly
to persons inclined to a corpulent habit. I pre-
scribe nothing for you but what I practice myself."
In one of his letter of 181 5, Charles Carroll says:
" While Mr. Hurley remains with you I hope you
will profit by his good advice. At the hour of your
death, ah ! my son, you will feel the emptiness of all
sublunary things ; and that hour may be much
nearer than you expect. Think well on it, I mean
your eternal welfare."

Charles Carroll, Jr., was handsome in feature, and
of winning, agreeable manners, characteristics cal-
culated to render him socially popular. He left,
with other children, a son, of whom mention has
been made, the fifth of the name and line, known later
as Col. Charles Carroll to whom his grandfather de-
vised " Doughoregan Manor." Charles Carroll of
Carrollton had now survived both his favorite son-

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33^ Charles Carroll of CarrolUon.

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in-law and his only son. He was eighty-nine years
old, and the following deeply impressive letter was
written by him in September, 1825, apparently in
response to one from a friend, perhaps the editor of
the National Journal,

" On the 20th of this month I entered into my eighty-
ninth year. This, in any country, would be deemed a
long life, yet as you observe, if it has not been directed
to the only end for which man was created, it is a mere
nothing, an empty phantom, an indivisible point, com-
pared with eternity. Too much of my time and attention
have been misapplied on matters to which an impartial
judge, penetrating the secrets of hearts, before whom I
shall soon appear, will ascribe [no ?] merit deserving
recompense. On the mercy of my Redeemer I rely for
salvation, and on His merits ; not on the works I have
done in obedience to His precepts, for even these, I fear,
a mixture of alloy will render unavailing and cause to be
rejected." '

Though he had reached such an advanced age,
Charles Carroll's mind was still vigorous, and his
interest in public affairs unabated. The publication
of the debates in the Federal Convention, up to this
time kept secret, drew men's minds to the 1 'ra-
tion of the formation of the existinpf T'^r' al Govern-
ment. And Charles Carroll of Cc .on, it see s,
still cherished his old fears as to t dang'^rs mena-
cing the central system from the sovert gn States
that had delegated to it some of their powers.

' Niles's Register, vol. xxx., p. 374. The National Journal, July,
1826.

Honored by the City of Nexv York, 337

Judge Hanson liad lent him the volume which he
returned with tlie following note :

" Mr. Carroll returns to Judge Hanson the book contain-
ing the secret debates and proceedings of the Conven-
tion. Mr. [the name illegible] and others who opposed the
Confederation were apprehensive that the general govern-
ment would swallow up the State governments. I wish
to God the very reverse may not happen. I already
discover the seeds of such an event ; both must be pre-
served to insure the continuance of Liberty in the spirit
of the Constitutions of both.

26th February, 1826.

[Endorsed] The Honorable Judge Hanson." '

The year 1826 had brought round the fiftieth an-
niversary of the signing of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, the semi-centennial of the birth of the
States forming the "Confederation" of 1789, as
Charles Carroll styled the existing Union, and all eyes
were turned upon the three men still living who had
signed the immortal charter of '^6^ one of them, in-
deed, being the illustrious Virginian who had penned
it. The Erie Canal had just been completed, uniting
the Northern Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean, and the
city of New York, in striking medals to commemor-
ate this important event, ordered that the three
highest, made of gold, should be presented to the
three survivors of the signers, Thomas JefTcrson,
John Adams and Charles Carroll of Carrollton. To
the Committee which presented him with this token
of reverence and regard, Charles Carroll wrote as
follows :

' Pennsylvania Historical Society.

VOL, 11—22

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338 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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Baltimore, May 9th, 1826: Gentlemen, I was this
day highly gratified by your letter of the 28th past, and
the delivery of the gold medal, of the highest class, com-
memorating the completion of the Erie Canal, uniting the
great western lakes with the Atlantic Ocean, which as a
committee of the corporation of the city of New York,
you were instructed to deliver to me, being one of the
surviving signers of the Declaration of Independence of
these United States. I am much honored by this testi-
mony of respect paid to me by the order of the Common
Council of the city of New York for the part I took in
signing that important paper.

The completion of the great work, uniting the western
lakes with the ocean, do^s honor to the State of New
York. May the benefits resulting from the undertaking
amply reward the wise and patriotic exertions of its citi-
zens, and perpetuate to the city of New York its growing
prosperity.

Accept, gentlemen, my thanks for your letter and the
satisfaction you have expressed in conveying to me this
testimony of public respect. I remain, with great re-
spect, gentlemen, your most humble servant,

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

P. S. I have also received the medal, enclosed in a
box made of the maple from Lake Erie. The memoir of
the Canal of New York when printed, I request the favor
of you to forward to me ; it will be a most interesting and
instructive communication.'

The citizens of Washington invited the surviving

signers of the " Declaration " to the celebration of

the fiftieth anniversary of American Independence,

on the 4th of July, 1826, and also the two ex-Presi-

' Niles's Register, vol. xxx., p. 314.

Death of Adams and Jefferson. 339

dents, James Madison and James Monroe. All five
declined the invitation. Charles Carroll, who had
also been asked to attend the celebration in New
York and had declined to do so, gave this as a rea-
son for not going to Washington in his letter from
" Doughoregan Manor," June 17th, to the chairman
of the Washington committee.' But no doubt he
did not feel able to endure the fatigue and excite-
ment, especially at such a hot season of the year.
This memorable 4th of July was signalized by the
dramatic death, almost at the same moment, of
JelTerson and Adams, leaving Charles Carroll of
Carrollton the sole survivor of the Signers. He was
now called upon to unite with his fellow-countrymen
in paying the last honors to the memory of the two
departed statesmen. A committee of the corpora-
tion of Baltimore city, accompanied by the Mayor,
visited Charles Carroll at " Doughoregan Manor,"
presenting him with a written request to be present
at the memorial services to take place in Baltimore.
He replied in a letter addressed to the Mayor :

Sir

Doughoregan Manor, 16 July, 1826.

I request you to convey to the municipal authorities
of the city of Baltimore, and to the committee of arrange-
ments, my acceptance of their invitation to join in those
ceremonies with which it is intended to commemorate
the veneration and respect so justly due to the memories
of the two departed and illustrious signers of the Decla-
ration of Independence, who bore so conspicuous a part
in that great event. The testimonies of respect to be

' Ibid., p. 342.

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340 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

paid on this solemn occasion to the memories of citizens
so deserving of public gratitude, will be a strong incen-
tive to the present and future generations to merit that
esteem which disinterested patriotism sooner or later
never fails to command.

Accept, Sir, individually, my warm thanks for the
honor you have done me on this occasion, and believe
me with the greatest respect. Sir, yr. most humble
servant,

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.
To the Honorable John Montgomery, Esq., Mayor of

the city of Baltimore. '

Three days later Charles Carroll wrote the follow-
ing interesting letter to Charles H. Wharton of
Philadelphia, who was then in Washington :

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1826, July 19th, DOUGHOREGAN.

Dear Sir :

I received the 17th, your friendly letter of the 14th
instant. As I am fast approaching to the last scene,
which will put an end to all earthly cares and concerns,
I am looking to that state from which all care, all solici-
tude and all passions which agitate mankind are ex-
cluded. Revelation instructs us that eternal happiness
or eternal misery will be the destiny of man in the life to
come ; the most pious, the most exemplary have trem-
bled ac the thought of the dreadful alternative. Oh !
what will be the fate of those who little think of it, or
thinking square not their actions accordingly.

Though I disapproved of Mr. Jefferson's Administra-

' MS : Letter, Miss M. A. Cohen, Baltimore.
Niles's Register, vol. xxx,, p. 375.

Published in

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Attends Memorial Services.

341

tion, and was dissatisfied with a part of Mr. Adams',
both unquestionably greatly contributed to the Inde-
pendence of this country ; their services should be re-
membered, and their errors forgotten and forgiven.
This evening I am going to Baltimore to attend to-
morrow the procession and ceremonies to be paid to the
memories of those praised and dispraised Presidents,

The Baron de Montreul and his family are now here :
they are indeed amiable and we are all delighted with
their manners, ease, affability and cheerfulness. When
they return to France the society of Washington will
feel the loss.

I was not in Congress when the vote of Independence
was taken. As soon as I took my seat I signed that
important declaration, which has thus far produced, and
I hope will perpetuate the happiness of these States.
You say you should be happy to see me ; why then do
you not come to see me. The distance is not great, and
you are young compared with me. I shall always be
happy to see you at this my summer and autumnal resi-
dence. Wishing you health and happiness, I remain.
Dear Sir, your friend and humble servant,

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

The memorial services in honor of Adams and
Jefferson took place on the 20th of July. In the
procession was a Funeral Car with black horses and
trappings of mourning. This was preceded by the
clergy, a band of music playing dirges, and a troop
of horse with standard draped in black and swords
sheathed. In a barouche following the car were the

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Book of the Signers, for fac-simile.

See Brotherhood's

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342 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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distinguished mourners, Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton, the surviving signer of the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, General Samuel Smith, who was to be the
orator of the day, and Col. John Eager Howard.
The Governor of Maryland and his staff followed,
with the Executive Council in carriages, the com-
mittee of arrangements and the many others who
made up the imposing cortege. Charles Carroll was
the chief mourner, says a writer of the day, and four
generations followed him : " those who fought at
Bunker Hill and Yorktown, those who fought at
North Point and New Orleans, those now arrived at
the point of manhood, and those who clinging to
their parents or collected under their instructors
(youths at the schools and juvenile institutions)
urged the short, rapid steps of infancy to keep pace
with the proud ranks that marched along." *

Charles Carroll sat for his bust to Browere, at the
sculptor's request, in this month, July, 1826, as he
mentions in a letter to Archibald Robertson, the
artist. The Browere bust of Charles Carroll of
Carrollton was exhibited in Baltimore and pro-
nounced an admirable likeness.*

i I '.

DouGHOREGAN MANOR, July 29, 1826.
Sir:

Mr, Browere has produced and read to me several let-
ters from sundry most respectable personages ; on their
recommendation and at his request I sat to him to take
my bust. He has taken it, and in my opinion and that
of my family, and of all who have seen it, the resem-
blance is most striking. The operation from its com-

' Niles's Register, vol. xxx., p. 383. " /did., p. 411.

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Copies of the Declaration.

343

mencement to its completion was performed in two hours,
with very little inconvenience and no pain to myself.

This bust Mr. Browere contemplates placing, with many
others, in a national gallery of busts. That his efforts
may be crowned with success is my earnest wish. That
his talents and genius deserve it I have no hesitation in
pronouncing.

I remain with great respect, Sir, your most humble
servant,

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.

To Archibald Robertson.'

A letter of John Quincy Adams, written June
24th, 1824, on the subject of the circumstances at-
tending the signing of the Declaration of Indepen-
dence, was sent to Charles Carroll of Carrollton at
" Doughoregan Manor," September 15th, 1826, with
the facsimile copies of the Declaration to which
Carroll had appended his signature, August 20th,
just fifty years from the day he had originally signed
it. Carroll had signed several of these engrossed
copies, as the sole survivor of the signers of the orig-
inal paper. One of the two presented to him in Sep-
tember, 1826, he gave to John McTavish, the husband
of his favorite granddaughter. Another one of these
copies of the Declaration was " presented to the
New York City Library, countersigned by President
John Quincy Adams and several of his cabinet offi-
cers, and some other public characters, and also en-
dorsed by Governor De Witt Clinton and others of
the State of New York. This copy is bound in folio

' MS : Letter, Gen. C. W. Darling, Oneida Hist. Society.

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344 Charles Carroll of Carrollion.

form in vellum, and after having been misplaced for
many years, has recently been recovered." '

A poetess next brought a wreath of bay for the
aged patriot's brow, the nonagenarian who held the
interesting position of the last of the stalwart band
of the Signers of ''j^, who a half-century before had
risked Hfe and fortune for the republican principle of
the right of self-government. To Mrs. Sigourney's
poetical tribute Charles Carroll made response in a
fine and feeling letter.

THE LAST SURVIVOR OF THE SIGNERS OF
OUR DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE.

Assyria boasted him who humbled Tyre,
Her warrior monarch. Greece the clarion swell'd
For him of Macedon, whose sick 'ning tear
Flow'd o'er the narrow limits of a world,
Though in a wine cup's narrower round his soul,
Dissolving sank. Stern Carthage too was proud
Of old Hamilcar's son, when from the height
Of Alpine cliffs, with vengeful eye she scann'd
Her haughty rival. Rome beset the heavens.
Even while her veins were bursting, with the shout
Of " lo Caesar ! " On red Sweden's sky
A meteor glared, till dire Pultowa quench'd
The wild-fire flame. France trembled as she took
Her idol on her shoulders, and compell'd
Tribute from mightier climes, but the cold blast
That swept Siberian pines breathed o'er his brow,
Proving he was but clay. —

Behold they died !

* " Autograph Collections of the United States," Lyman C. Draj er,
p. 105.

Poem by Mrs. Sigotirney.

345

These demigods of earth, — and left their fame
To ravaged realms, and slaughter'd hecatombs,
And widow's tears. But in this western world
Which nature in her bosom long conceal'd,
As her last, precious gem, a band arose
Of nobler heroes. They, no conquest sought.
No throne usurp'd, nor vassal homage claim'd,
But bade the sceptre, and the crowned head
Bow to the righteous cause. Time laid his hand
Upon their silver'd brows, and summon'd all
Save one, who in the dignity of age
Linger'd amid the blessings they had wrought,
Crown'd by a nation's thanks. —

To honor's tomb
He saw his brethren gather'd, one by one,
Yet found they might not die.

Amid the haunts
Of industry, who o'er his harvest sings,
Of lettered knowledge, liberty and wealth.
They move illustrious in the gifts they gave.
When to the woodman's axe the forest groans
Brief answer, and the new-born city springs,
It bears their name. Those mighty streams that roll
The tide of commerce o'er our cultured vales.
And ocean's thundering wave which proudly bears
The star-clad banner on its course sublime.
Speak forth their praise.

The husbandman who guides
His caravan far from his father's fields.
On toward the setting sun, and boldly rears
A cell upon the frontiers, makes their deeds
His text-book nightly to his list'ning sons
Who throng the winter fire. Their pictured forms

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346 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Look down from halls of taste and wake the soul
Of the young student to heroic deeds.
Babes learn to name them in their rnurmur'd prayer.
And as Penates, at each household hearth,
Where freedom smiles, they dwell.

Say not 't is death
When this clay fabric falls, and weary yields
Each element a part. Is it not life
To prompt heroic thought, to cheer the toil
Alike of statesmen and of laboring swain,
To prop the columns of a nation's strength.
And soar on gratitude's unresting wing
Around the earth ? — Such glorious life they live}

Doughoregan, 14th September, 1826 : Madam : I was
this day honored with your letter of the 5th instant con-
taining your beautiful verses on departed and forgotten
heroes : they have all sunk into the Abyss of oblivion ;
their fame now exists only in history.

Who are deserving of immortality ? they who serve
God in truth, and they who have rendered great, essen-
tial, and disinterested services and benefits to their
country.

To be esteemed and loved by a whole people is most
flattering and acceptable ; especially to those really
meriting that esteem and love. I am not so vain as
to consider myself as one of them ; I conscientiously
voted for the Independence of my country ; its cause
was righteous, and I lent my feeble aid in its support
during the struggle.

Accept, Madam, my thanks for your approbation of

' *' Poems by the Author of ' Moral Pieces in Prose and Verse,' "
Boston, 1827, p. 194.

CarrolVs Letter' of Thanks.

347

my conduct and wishes for my health and ha])piness ;
the same acknowledgement I beg your husband to
accept.

I remain with great respect, Madam,

Your most obedient humble servant
Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

To Madam L. Sigourney, Hartford, Connecticut.'

A medal was struck by Charles Carroll to com-
memorate his ninetieth birthday, September 20,
1826. Three of them were of gold and were given
to hi'-, daughters and eldest grandson. Silver ones
were given the other grandchildren. On one side
is the profile bust of Charles Carroll in relief,
with the legend round the margin : " To Charles
Carroll of Carrollton." On the other face of the
medal are the words : " The surviving Signer of
the Declaration of Independence after the 50th
Anniversary," surrounded by a laurel wreath en-
twined with ribbon, a scroll, pen, and olive branch,
below. And around the margin here is the motto :
" Upon entering his 90th. year. Sep. XX. MDCCC-
XXVI." Charles Carroll is described as he appeared
on his birthday anniversary, 1826, by a writer in
the American Farmer, September 22d, who tells of
the present annually made him on this day by some
of his neighbors :

" There are more than 100 deer on the Harewood

estate, from which the best buck is always selected as

an annual offering to the venerable Charles Carroll of

Carrollton on his birthday. The last of these occurred

' MS : Letter, Charles J. Hoadly, L.L.D. Hartford, Conn.

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348 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

on Wednesday last, the 20th, when in fine health and
spirits he received the heart-felt congratulations of
family and friends, at his manor on Elkridge. . . .
He plunges into his limestone spring bath every morning
before sunrise, and still rides on horseback with pleasure
in good weather, A large portion of the day is devoted
to reading. He retains his partiality for Latin and
French literature." '

P'rom the letter of Charles Carroll to Robert
Gilmor of Baltimore, written about this time, a quo-
tation has been given in a former chapter :

Manor, 15th Oct., 1826.
Dear Sir :

It would give me pleasure to comply with your request
but it is not in my power. I held no correspondence
with the members of the Revolutionary Congress, except
those from Maryland. Many letters passed between
Messrs. Chase and Paca and myself on the passing events
of that critical period ; when those events had gone by,
the matter to which they relate ceasing to be interesting
to the writers the letters were destroyed, at least those
that were directed to me.

I shall be much gratified with the purusal of Doctor
Franklin's letter to the Lady on the loss of a dear con-
nection ; every subject handled by that great man bore
the image of his genius, and none was more suitable to
it than administering consolation to the person so deeply
afflicted.

With my respects to Mrs. Gilmor, I remain with esteem,
Dear Sir, Your most humble servant

Ch. Carroll of Carrollton."

' Niles's Register, vol. xxxi.., p. 55.
" Penn-ylva; ia Hiuoiical Society.

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Macreadys Visit to Carroll.

349

Robert Gilmor, it seems, had written to Charles
Carroll "requesting his aid in completing a collec-
tion of autographs of the signers of the Declaration
of Independence," as he notes on the margin of
Carroll's letter.

Two pen-pictures of Charles Carroll of Carrollton
have come down to us, describing him, in this his
ninetieth year; one by .Sullivan, who it would appear
gives his account at second-hand, and the other, full
of enthusiastic appreciation, from Macready, the cele-
brated actor, who, as he relates, visited Charles Carroll
'* on his own particular invitation." Sullivan says :

** Mr. Charles Carroll was rather a small and thin per-
son, of very gracious and polished manners. At the age
of ninety he was still upright, and could Jiee and hear as
well as men commonly do. He had a smiling expression
when he spoke, and had none of the reserve which usu-
ally attends old age. He was said to have preserved his
vigor, by riding on horseback, and by daily bathing in
cold water. He was a gentleman of the * old school ' of
deportment, which is passing away if not gone." '

Charles Carroll was at his winter home, which was
then in Baltimore, with his daughter Mrs. Caton,
when visited by Macready the latter part of Novem-
ber, 1826. Macready writes that he was

** A man most interesting from his varied and extensive
acquirements, and especially as being the last surviving
Signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was a
rare instance of extreme old age (being then in his nine-
tieth year) retaining all the vivacity and grace of youth

' Sullivan's " Familiar Letters on Public Characters," p. 108, 1833.

III

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350 Charles Carroll 0/ Carrollton,

with the polish of one educated in the school of Chester-
field. In my life's experience I have never met with a
more finished gentleman. At his advanced age he kept
up his acquaintance with the classics. He spoke of Eng-
land with respect, and of his own country, its institutions,
its prospects, and its dangers, with perfect freedom,
anticipating its eventual greatness, if not marred by fac-
tion and the vice of intemperance in the use of ardent
spirits, detaining me not unwillingly, more than two
hours in most attractive conversation. When at last I
was obliged to take my leave, he rose, and to my entreaty
that he would not attempt to follow me down stairs, he
replied in the liveliest manner, * Oh, I shall never see
you again, and so I will see the last of you.* He shook
hands with me at the street door, and I bade a reluctant
adieu to one of the noblest samples of manhood I had
ever seen, or am ever likely to look upon." '

The following letter dictated by Charles Carroll of
Carrollton, relating to his ancestry, was written in
response to the queries of an Irish gentleman of the
same name living in Cork.

Balti.more, 24th February, 1827.
Sir :

Mr. Carroll of Carrollton received a letter from you
dated the first of December last, enquiring of him if he
could inform you if any, and what relationship there may
be between you and his family. He desires me to in-
form you that he has no knowledge of any of the branches
of his family in Ireland. His grandfather left England
in the year 1688. His father was sent at an early period
to France, to receive his education, and was there at the

' Macready's " Reminiscences," Ijy Sir Frederick Pollock, Bart.,
London, 1875, vol. i., p. 322.

TX''*:

Bart..

The " Carrolllonian " Ncivspapcr, 35 i

time his father (the grandfather of Mr. Carroll of Carroll-
ton) died. He had therefore no opportunity of learning
the particulars relating to his family. The arms of your
seal are the same he bears. The family [motto] in Ire-
land previous to his grandfather's coiv.ing to America
was ** In Fide et in Bella fortei.. '\ lie one adopted by
his grandfather on quitting l-^ngland is " Uliicuinque, cum
I.ibcrtiXte." He desires me to assure you that it gives him
l)leasuro to liear you arc in the enjoyment of ease and in-
depcndonce, with a family possessing the gifts of educa-
tion and an ami)le jjrovision.

I am, Sir, your most obedient servant

George Neilson.
To Charles Carroll Esq., No, 3 St. Patrick street, Cork,

Ireland.'

To the editor of a newspaper printed in Annap-
oils, and called in his honor The Carrolltonian,
Charles Carroll wrote kindly notes of appreciation,
March 20th, and August 22, 1827, accompanied in
the first instance by a substantial token of his re-
gard. ** Enclosed you will have my check," he
writes, " for fifty dollars as an acknowledgment of
the compliment paid by the title of Carrolltonian
given to your newspaper, which I hope meets with
the encouragement it deserves and will be profit-
able." " In August, it appears, he had been suffer-
ing with inflammation of the eyes of which he speaks
to Mr. McNair as his " late indisposition." " I thank
you," he adds, '* for your friendly sentiments respect-
ing my health and continuance of it, and am pleased

' Family papers, Rev. Thomas Sim Lee.

' MS : Letter, D. Mc. N, Stauffer, New York.

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352 Charles Carroll of Carrollton

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by your forwarding to the Ma.chioness Wellesley a
complete file of T/ie Carrolltonian ; she will be
amused by the perusal of them and will be grati-
fied by this mark of attention," '

Charles Carroll's granddaughter, Mrs. Robert
Patterson had lost her husband in 1822. She, with
her two sisters, Mrs. Hcrvey, afterwards Duchess
of Leeds, and Elizabeth Caton, who became later
Lady Stafford, were together in England, soon after ;
and at the country-seat of the Duke of Wellington,
where they were visiting, the fair widow met the
Duke's elder brother, the Marquis of Wellesley, a
widower of sixty-three. He fell in love with the
beautiful American, and in 1825, he addressed her
and they were married in Dublin, where the Marquis
of Wellesley was then living in vice-regal state, as
Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland. Here the Marchioness
of Wellesley presided, with the Marquis, at a grand
ball given on the nth of May, 1826, seated on a
throne, under a canopy of scarlet and gold. At a
banquet in Charleston, South Carolina, the 4th of
July, 1827, Bishop England, in allusion to these
dignities and honors, gave the following toast :
" Charles Carroll of Carrollton ; in the land from
which his grandfather fled in terror, his granddaugh-
ter now reigns a queen." ^

The opinion of Charles Carroll of Carrollton, on
public matters, was still sought at this time, by his
friends and admirers, but that he was not disposed

' MS : Letter, Charles Roberts, Philadelphia.
' " The American Graces," by Eugene L, Didier, Harper's Maga-
zine, September, 1880.

n, on
)y his

)OS«-*d

Maga-

Letter to Richard Peters.

353

to make public his views on current politics appears
from the following communication to one of his
correspondents. Asked to t^ive his preference as to
the two candidates for the Presidency, his reply was
cautious and non-committal :

*' 1827, May 25th : I received yesterday your letter of
the 23d. I take nn part in the contest respecting the
election of the next President ; of course I give no
opinion which of the candidates should be the choice of
the people. Anxious for the welfare of the country, my
only wish is, that it may fall on him whose measures will
be solely directed to the pubhc good." '

As in 1824, the contest was again between John
Quincy Adams and Andrew Jackson, and this time
Jackson was to win. Adams, with Henry Clay as
his Secretary of State, had shown himself a Federal-
ist, to all intents and purposes, and this division of
the " Rv.publican " party now called themselves
" National Republicans," in opposition tc the true
r>emocratic party led by Jackson. That Charles
CarioII was still a Federalist on the more essential
points in controversy, in connection with the Federal
and State governments, is manifest from an enter-
taining letter addressed by him to his old friend, and
associate on the Board of War, Richard Peters of
Philadelphia.

DoucHOREGAN, :^5th Juiie, 1827.
My dear Sir :

The sentiments expressed in your acceptable and in-
teresting letter accord perfectly with mine. Though no

' Niles's Register, vol. xxxii., p. 227.
VOL. 11.-23

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354 Charles Carroll of Car yollton.

correspondence has taken place between us since I ceased
to be a member of the committee of the Board of War,
the drudgery of which fell upon you, the transactions of
those days still occupy my thoughts ; of course you are
frequently an object of them. All who took a part in
that hazardous and glorious cause are dear to me ; the
memory of those gone before us I venerate, the living I
love ; all acted from principle and all contributed, more
or less, to our Independence. The government estab-
lished by the people will secure their happiness as long
as its end, spirit and principles are acted upon and pre-
served. Should tlie jealousy and ambition of some States
succeed in sapping the powers of it, or so restrict the
exercise of them as to control its superintendence c er
the States within the limits prescribed by the Constituti '
the confederacy will be dissolved and all the evils ex-
perienced under the first will recur, and in a greater
degree in proportion to the increase of population and
multiplicity of clashing interests.

I think with you, the addition of new States will not
produce, but will rather prevent, at least retard, such an
event. Are there not other evils threatening the general
government ? What government, the principal object of
which should be the preservation of morals, can subsist
midst their general corruption ; what has a greater ten-
dency to corrupt them than the prevalence of drunken-
ness of the lower classes of society ?

I consider the Supreme Court of the United States as
the strongest guardian of the powers of Congress and
rights of the people ; as long as that Court is composed
of learned, uj^right and intrepid judges the Union will
be preserved. Would it not be an improvement of the
Federal judiciary to make the Supreme Court consisting
now of seven judges, reducing that number, merely a

T A

lates as
ess and
iposed
)n will
of the
isisting
;rely a

Personal Recollections.

355

court of appeal, stationed at Washington, holding three
terms in each year ; that court being so constituted,
circuit judges should be appointed sufficient for the ad-
ministration of justice in this extended and extending
empire. But I forget I am writing to a judge, a good
and upright one, Sutor me ultra crcpidam.

I do not correspond with Lafayette ; just before his
sailing, expecting him in Baltimore, I invited him to my
country-seat. I suspect he did not get my letter ; in all
of yours to him I beg you to assure him of my affection-
ate remembrance and esteem. I am sorry to learn from
your letter that Mr. Jay is lingering under a sickly con-
stitution of body but possessing a mind unimpaired by
sickness. I envy your happiness in corresponding with
so good and great a man ; in my estimation he is one of
the brightest characters this country has produced. I
yet remember with pleasure a conversation at his house
over a bottle of good old Madeira, between him and Mr.
Clinton afterwards Vice-President, at which I was present
but not bearing any part in it : this incident has prob-
ably escaped his memory, but it will never mine.

I am pretty active for a man in his ninetieth year ;
my rambling is over, and now limited to between this
manor and Baltimore. I should be happy to see you
again, and of this I despair from the causes mentioned
in your letter and in this. Your recovery from your
late indisposition will soon permit me [you ?] to resume
the cold bath which I have used, at intervals, upwards of
fifty years. Since coming here I have gone into my cold
bath only thrice owing to the damp and cool weather;
when settled and warmer I shall resume the habit. I
have always taken great delight in reading ; the weakness
of my eyes deprives me of that pleasure. Conversing with
the dead we are amused and instructed, and not flat-

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356 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

tered ; to be excluded from their conversation at my
time of life is a serious misfortune ; to be exempt from
every evil in this state of probation is the lot of very few,
if of any.

You seem to think your letter is too garrulous ; I am
pleased with its garrulity ; dtdccest dccipene in loco. Re-
flecting on the prosperous termination of the contest
with England ; the fortitude, steady perseverance dis-
played and the privations suppressed \sic\ during its
continuance what consolation must they not feel who
were actors in it.

With respect and esteem, I remain. Dear Sir,
Your friend and humble servant

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

To the Hon. Richard Peters, Philadelph a.'

Home affections and domestic interests occupied
now the larger place in the correspondence of the
aged statesman. He had written to his agent from
Baltimore in May, ordering wagons to be sent in
from the Manor to carry things out, preparatory to
his removal there for the summer. And in antici-
pation of the usual hospitality exercised at his
country home, two barrels of port wine, containing
twenty-nve gallons each, had been despatched to
the Manor a month or two before. '

From " Doughoregan," June 1 Ith, Charles Carroll
wrote to his son-in-law, Richard Caton, telling him
of the prospects for wheat, of the new lime-kiln, the
rebuilding of the saw-mill dam, the putting new
stones in the grist-mill, and other plantation affairs.

' Pennsylvania Ilistoncal Society.
» MS. Letter, Worthington C. Ford.

irroll
him

I, the
new

[airs.

Letter on Religious Liberty. 357

Mrs. Harper, who had not been in good health, had
left him that morning to go to the Springs. The
latter continues: "When shall I have the pleasure
of seeing you and my daughter at the Manor ?
Little Mary Wellesley has a cold and is teething.
The cold affects somewhat her spirits, but I appre-
hend no danger. I hope the waters of Leamington,
change of air, and company, and the return of spring,
if they do not perfectly restore the Marchioness's
health, will in a great degree alleviate her com-
plaints. It is probable that the Marquis may hold
another year the lieutenancy of Ireland." " Mr.
Vaughn" is mentioned as at the Manor in July, and
he goes from there to Long Branch. Mrs. McTavish
was, (with her family,) spending the summer with
her grandfather.

Charles Carroll rented his house and garden in An-
napolis to Mr. John Randall in 1827. His farm near
the town was rented to a Mr. Nichols, who raised to-
bacco 0,1 it, having several hogsheads on hand in
August of this year. In September we find Charles
Carroll importing a quantity of wine from Leghorn,
for the use of his family.' One other letter of Charles
Carroll of Carrollton's, of general interest, is extant,
written in 1827. This was addressed to the Rev.
John Standford, of New York, and is upon the sub-
ject of religious liberty :

DoUGHOREGAN, October 9, 1827.

Reverend and dear Sir :

I was yesterday favored with your friendly letter of the
loth past, and the discourses on the opening of the House

' Letters to Richard Caton, Esq.

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358 Charles Carroll of Carrollto7i.

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of Refuge and on the death of Jefferson and Adams. The
former I have not yet read. With the latter I am highly
pleased and I sincerely thank you for your pious wishes for
my happiness in the life to come. Your sentiments on relig-
ious liberty coincide entirely with mine. To obtain re-
ligious, as well as civil liberty, I entered zealously into the
Revolution, and observing the Christian religion divided
into many sects, I founded the hope that no one would be
so predominant as to become the religion of the State.
That hope was thus early entertained, because all of them
joined in the same cause, with few exceptions of indi-
viduals. God grant that this religious liberty may be pre-
served in these States, to the end of time, and that all
believing in the religion of Christ may practice the lead-
ing principle of charity, the basis of every virtue.
I remain with great respect, Rev. Sir,

Your most humble Servant,
Charles Carroll of Carollton.
To the Rev. John Standford, Chaplain of Humane and
Criminal Institutions in the City of New York.'

It was about this time that John H. B. Latrobe
published his sketch of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton, in Sanderson's Biography of the Signers. Mr.
Latrobe writes in later years :

" After I had finished my work, I took it to Mr. Carroll
whom I knew very well indeed, and read it to him, as he was
seated in an arm chair in his own room in his son-in-law's
house in Baltimore. He listened with marked attention
and without a comment until I had ceased to read, when
after a pause he said : ' Why, Latrobe, you have made a

' Scharf's " History of Maryland," vol. ii., p. 136, foot-note.

ite.

Letter to Javies Monroe,

much greater man of me than I ever thought I was ; and
yet really you have said nothing in what you have written
that is not true.' In my mind's eye I see Mr. Carroll now,
a small, attenuated old man, with a prominent nose and
somewhat receding chin, small eyes that sparkled when he
was interested in conversation. His head was small and
his hair white, rather long and silky, while his face and
forehead vverv_ seamed with wrinkles. But old and feeble as
he seemed to be, his manner and speech were those of a
refined and courteous gentleman, and you saw at a glance
whence came by inheritance the charm of manner that so
eminently distinguished his son, Charles Carroll of Home-
wood, and his daughters Mrs. Harper and Mrs. ('aton."

James Monroe published a pamphlet in 1828, ad-
dressed to the " people and government of the
United States " sending a copy to Charles Carroll of
Carrollton. The latter wrote the following letter of
thanks in reply :

Baltimore, 23d April, 1828.

Dear Sir :

I received a few days since, your friendly letter of the
18th instant, conveying your Memoir to the ])eople and
government of the United States. I have not yet had
time to read the whole, but will, with all the attention the
subject requires. From a passage in your letter 1 derive
the hope of a personal interview, when we will discourse
on the subjects detailed in your Memoir and on the trans-
actions your letter has recalled to my recollection. In
speaking of my services to our country, all that in truth
I can say is, that you overrate ihcm ; they were, how-

' Applctotis CyclopLcdia of American Biography, edition of iSS8,
art. on Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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360 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

ever, disinterested, persevering and confident of ultimate
success. I remain with great respect, dear Sir,

Your most humble servant,
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.
To James Monroe, Esq., late President of the United
States, Aldie, Loudon Co., Virginia.'

A compliment was paid to Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton in May 1828, by the House of Representa-
tives in bestowing" upon him the franking privilege.
This is given him, said the Speaker, as a "token of
distinguished respect and veneration which Congress
entertains toward an early and devoted friend to lib-
erty, and one who stood eminently forward in the
purest and noblest band of patriots that the world
has ever seen." Charles Carroll replied: "This
privilege I consider an honorable approbation of the
part I took in the Revolution, and commands my
grateful acknowledgments and thanks." '^

The 4th of July, 1822, was celebrated in Maryland
by the laying the corner-stone of the Baltimore and
Ohio Railroad by the Grand Lodge of Masons, in
which ceremonies Charles Carroll of Carrollton bore
a conspicuous part. The pick, spade, hammer and
trowel that were to be used were all presented to
Charles Carroll by the Blacksmiths' Association,
and he wrote a letter to them July 15th, thanking
them for an address they had made to him, and say-
ing he had delivered these instruments to the direc-
tors of the road, to be employed in its construction.
He ad is :

' MS. Letter, D. McN. Stauffer, New York.
'■^ Niles's Register, vol. xxxiv. , p. 216.

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad.

361

** You observe that republics can exist, and that the
people under that form of government can be happier
than under any other. That the republic created by the
Declaration of Independence may continue to the end of
time is my fervent prayer. That protracted existence,
however, will depend on the morality, sobriety and in-
dustry of the people, and on no part more than on the
mechanics, forming in our cities the greatest number of
their most useful inhabitants." '

The implements hero enumerated arc still pre-
served, and with the badge worn by Charles Carroll
of Carrollton on this occasion, were among the
relics exhibited by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad
at the World's Fair in Chicago. Charles Carroll
was on the first Board of Directors of this, the first
Railroad Company in the United States. In a letter
to William Gibbons, written February 28th, 1829,
Charles Carroll has something to say on the ques-
tion then agitating England, of " Catholic Eman-
cipation ":

" The Duke of Wellington's letter to the R. C. primate
satisfies me that the Roman Catholic will never be re-
stored to equal rights with the rest of the King's subjects
until the British nation cease to be persecuting, the
Established Church [becomes ?] dispassionate and dis-
interested, and the Protestant ascendancy in Ireland
cease to be selfish, I am pleased with the Primate's
answer to the Duke's letter. It speaks the language of
truth ; 'you dare not from the fear of losing your place,
hazard the attempt of getting an act passed which you
think just, and conducive to the welfare of your country.'

' Ibid., p. 346.

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362 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

I am of the Primate's opinion ; were the Emancipation
act passed all the virulence of party and opposition
would cease in a few weeks after its passage." '

On the death of Bushrod Washington, Charles
Carroll of Carrollton was elected president of the
American Colonization Society, P^ebruary, 1830.
Charles Carroll was now obliged, from his impaired
sight, to employ an amanuensis. Two letters of iiis
are extant written in 1830, one to the Rev. Mr.
Sprague, of Albany, giving an account of his gene-
alogy, from which extracts have been made in pre-
vious chapters, and the other to the Superior of the
Sulpitians, upon donating land and fifty shares of
bank stock to St. Charles College, Howard County
(formerly Anne Arundel). The corner-stone of St.
Charles College was laid by Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton on ground which had been part of the Manor
estate, July i ith, 1831. In the letter referred to, con-
veying the deed, Charles Carroll writes : " I request
that mass be said once a month for myself and fam-
ily. . . . That this gift may be useful to religion and
aid our church in rearing those who will guide us in
the way of truth, is the fervent prayer of your sincere
friend, etc." " The College, with its imposing build-
ings and beautiful grounds, is to-day in a flourishing
condition and one of its priests holds services regu-
larly in the Chapel of " Doughoregan Manor," a
walk of about a mile, after crossing the turnpike
road, through the Manor park.

' New York State Library, Albany, N. Y.

"^ Records. Clerk's Office. Ellicott City, Md. Family papers, Rev.
Thomas Sim Lee.

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WEBSTER, NY. 14580

(716) 873-4503

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CHARLES CARROLL OF ANNAPOLIS.

17M2-t7B2

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Bit!':.

His Latter Years Described.

363

The Rev. Mr. Pise in his oration upon Charles
Carroll, previously quoted, gives an interesting pic-
ture of him in these last years of his life. From
1822 to 1832 Mr. Pise had been honored, as he says,
with the familiar acquaintance of Charles Carroll of
CarroUton "and his delightful family." He tells,
from personal observation of this

"venerable and serene old age, of those rare virtues
which adorned him, of his simplicity of heart and man-
ner, urbanity, elegant hospitality, social intercourse with
his friends, solicitude and care for his domestics and
slaves, suavity, alacrity, charity, liberality, piety, religion,
[to which] thousands can bear testimony. I have seen
him. . . . spending his summers under the shade of
those trees which his father's hand had planted nearly a
century and a half ago, and which consociare amant love
to twine their hospitable boughs over the venerable man-
sion of * Doughoregan.' "

He then describes his manner of life in summer,
enumerating the early rising, the cold bath, and
morning ride on horseback, followed by prayers, or
hearing mass in the chapel, if the chaplain was there.
Later the hours given to reading his favorite English
authors. Pope and Addison, and the other writers he
had learned to love in his youth ; the Greek and
Roman classics, with volumes such as Wraxall's
Memoirs^ Eustace's Travels in Italy, of which he
makes mention in some of his letters. He was fond,
too, of French literature. His "conversations with
the dead " were varied by conversation with his
guests, the Manor seldom being without visitors.

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364 Charles Carroll of Carrollion,

Of the winter months spent with Mrs. Caton in Bal-
timore, Mr. Pise writes :

" Nothing could be more delightful than the fireside
character of this amiable Patriot. The social nature of
the hearth and the blaze seemed to excite his spirits to an
unrestrained flow of conversation, wit, hilarity and jocose
entertainment. His old age was the very reverse of that
of the generality of mankind, as described by Horace.
. . . . He found fault with none, and so far from
being a castigator minoru?n, he displayed peculiar conde-
scension, and evinced an especial partiality towards the
young, in whose company he appeared to catch once
more, all the fire and vivacity of youth."

He loved to talk of the Revolution. This, says
Mr. Pise, was his favorite topic :

" It was deeply riveted in his recollection, with all its
details and all its dangers ; often have I heard him tell,
with an eye flashing with enthusiasm, of the destitute state
of the country, of the want of troops, of discipline, of
ammunition, of everything, when the first Congress de-
clared the Colonies independent. The members of that
Congress were all fresh in his memory. He would often
describe the persons and characters of the leading per-
sonages of those days, and passages of their speeches
which had then made an impression on his mind, he still
remembered. ' Were I to enter the Hali, at this remote
period,' I once heard him say, * and meet my associates
who signed the instrument of our independence, I would
know them all, from Hancock down to Stephen Hop-
kins.' "

He read his beautiful editions of the classics, says
Pise, up to his ninety-third year.

Gratifying Public Tribute.

365

ays

" I once entered his study, and found him intently ab-
sorbed in meditating the treatise of Cicero on old age.
He entered on a highly entertaining and critical discus-
sion on the subject of the philosophic writings of that
extraordinary Roman. He seemed to turn with inex-
pressible satisfaction to some passages of the treatise he
was perusing ; and dwelt with a deep feeling of the wis-
dom of it, on the admirable sentiment, following the line
cited from Ennius.

Nemo me lachrymis decoret neqtte fitncra fletu

Faxil

Non censet lugendam mortem, quam immortalitas conseqiiattir.

* After the Bible,' he added, with his peculiar earnestness
and vivacity of manner, * and the Following of Christy
give me. Sir, the philosophic works of Cicero.' " '

It is a peculiarly appropriate circumstance that
the last letter known to be extant, written by
Charles Carroll of CarroUton, was penned on the
occasion of the proposed celebration in Baltimore of
the centennial of Washington's birthday. It fitly
closes the correspondence of the aged patriot, link-
ing the final months of his life with the patriotic past
of which he had been a part.

Baltimore, 20th Feb., 1832.
I. J. Cohen, Esq.

Sir:

I have a pleasure in acknowledging the receipt of your
Letter acting as chairman of the General Committee for
the celebration of the centennial anniversary of the late

* Oration of Rev. Constantine Pise, D.D., Georgetown, 183a.
Printed by Joshua N. Rind.

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366 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

General Washington, I am sensible of the honor donf.
me by the Committee, and would gladly accept the invi-
tation, did my health admit of it. I have been confined
to the house for many weeks, and altho' I have regained
my health I should be afraid of exposure to a cold air.
The event you are about to commemorate must be felt by
every individual who loves his country and who can ap-
preciate the blessings it enjoys. To General Washington
mainly belongs under the protection of Providence, these
blessings, and I have in unison with my fellow-country-
men offered up my prayers to that Providence which sus-
tained us, and my gratitude to the memory of the man
whose virtues so ably maintained the struggle that created
us into a Nation, and by whose wisdom it was fostered,
and now flourishes.

Accept my respectful thanks and consideration, to
yourself and the Committee, and believe mc to be

Your obedient humble servant
Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.'

The " Young Men's National Republican Con-
vention " met in Washington on the nth of May,
1832, and passed resolutions outlining their posi-
tion on the political questions of the hour, opposing
the re-election of Jackson, and advocating Henry
Clay as their candidate for President. They ap-
pointed a committee consisting of one delegate
from each of the States they represented, and one
from the District of Columbia, to express to Charles
Carroll of Carrollton, " the last surviving Signer of
the Declaration of Independence, the high sense
entertained by the members of this convention, of

' MS. Letter, Miss M. A. Cohen, Baltimore.

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Final Illness and Death.

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the virtues of himself and associates and of their
labors in the great cause of national union and inde-
pendence." The committee went to Baltimore and
waited upon Charles Carroll in person, being intro-
duced to him separately by Brantz Mayer of Mary-
land, their chairman. Mr. Mayer delivered an
address, and an eloquent letter was read from the
three hundred young men composing the conven-
tion.' Charles Carroll must have been deeply
touched by this tribute of youthful enthusiasm, the
last public ovation he lived to receive. And in
returning verbally his thanks to the delegation he
closed the dramatic episode, where the Past and
Future clasped hands, Carroll the Federalist salut-
ing Clay the Whig. But there was another party
still more significant of the future of his section
and of his descendants, which was to hold a con-
vention a little later and to put on record its appre-
ciation of Charles Carroll of Carrollton. While the
convention of South Carolina, called to pass the
Ordinance of Nullification, vas in session, intelli-
gence reached them of the death of Carroll. They
immediately, by a unanimous vote, passed resolu-
tions of regret, and the members were instructed to
wear the usual badge of mourning, crape on the
left arm, for thirty days."

On the 14th of November, 1832, came the last

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' Niles's Register, vol. xHi., p. 236. It is interesting to note that
Brantz Mayer lived to write the Memoir of Carroll for the "Centen-
nial Memorial " of 1876.

' Hid., vol. xliii., p. 299. Congress put on mourning for Carroll
three months, a tribute hitherto paid only to Washington.

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368 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

scene in this remarkable life, when full of years and
full of honors Charles Carroll of Carrollton was
gathered to his fathers. Of his last illness the Rev.
Mr. Pise writes :

" He met his end like a philosopher and a Christian.
As long as I possess the power of memory I shall never
forget the interview which I had with the dying patriot,
a short time before he sank in death. He was seated on
a couch, in the room in which he had been accustomed
to receive his familiar friends ; his daughter hung in deep
grief over one side, and his granddaughter watched by
the other, in tears ; he was at the moment of my enter-
ing in a state of lethargy, but he soon awoke from it, and,
on my being made known to him, 'You find me very
low,' he whispered, * I am going, Sir, to the tomb of my
Fathers.' The earnest expression, the calm resignation,
the amiable conviction, with which he uttered this senti-
ment, displayed his character as a philosopher, as much,
perhaps, as any act or saying of his past life. And when
he found that the ladies melted with grief, he endeavored
to turn their attention from the approaching catastrophe
by jesting about his physicians, whom he facetiously
styled his Esculapiuses." '

One of these physicians, Dr. Richard Steuart, thus
describes the death of Charles Carroll of Carroll-
ton :

" It was toward sundown in the month of November,
and very cold weather. In a large room — his bed-room
— a semicircle was formed before a large, open fire-place.
The venerable old man was in a large easy-chair ; in the
centre, before him, a table with blessed candles, an an-

' Oration, by C. C. Pise, Georgetown, 1832,

A Beautiful Christian Faith. 369

tique silver bowl of holy water, and a crucifix ; by his
side the priest, Rev. John E. Chaunce, President of St.
Mary's College and afterwards Bishop of Natchez, — in his
rich robes, about to offer him the last rites of the Holy
Catholic Church. On each side of his chair knelt a
daughter and grandchildren, with some friends, making
a complete semicircle ; and just in the rear, three or four
old negro servants, all of the same faith, knelt in the most
venerating manner. The whole assemblage made up a
picture never to be forgotten. The ceremony proceeded.
The old gentleman had been for a long time suffering
from weak eyes, and could not endure the proximity of
the lights immediately before him. His eyes were there-
fore kept closed, but he was so familiar with the forms
of this solemn ceremony that he responded and acted as
if he saw everything passing around. At the moment of
offering the Host he leaned forward without opening his
eyes, yet responsive to the word of the administration of
the holy offering. It was done with so much intelligence
and grace, that no one could doubt for a moment how
fully his soul was alive to the act."

The narration of Dr. Steuart then enters into the
little details illustrating his piety, his unfailing cour-
tesy. When pressed to take food after his long fast,

" in the most gentle and intelligent manner he replied,
'Thank you, Doctor, not just now ; this ceremony is so
deeply interesting to the Christian that it supplies all the
wants of nature. I feel no desire for food.' In a few
moments more one of his granddaughters and the doctor
lifted him from the chair and placed him in his bed. He
said to them, * Thank you ; that is nicely done.' "

VOL. 11,-34

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3 'JO Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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Wlicn again urged to take some nourishment, he
refused, and soon after fell into a doze. While
sleeping, his position seemed to become uncomfort-
able, and the doctor lifting liim to an easier one,
he looked up and, seeing who it was, said, "Thank
you, doctor." These were his last words. *' It was
after midnight, the hour not exactly remembered,
when the vital spark went out without a struggle,
he breathing as calmly as if falling into a gentle
sleep." '

Doubtless it was some time in this, his last illness,
and he had been for weeks " declining from ossifica-
tion of his heart and the debility of old age," that
he gave utterance to the sentiments recorded by
the Rev. Mr. Pise, and often quoted as the ** last
words " of Charles Carroll of Carrollton :

" I have lived to my ninety-sixth year ; I have enjoyed
continued health, I have been blessed with great wealth,
prosperity, and most of the good things which the world
can bestow — public approbation, esteem, applause ; but
what I now look back on with the greatest satisfaction
to myself is, that I have practiced the duties of my re-
ligion."

' Appletotis younial, September ig, 1874. Magazine of Ameri-
can History, February, 1878, articles by J. C. Carpenter.

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last

APPENDIX C.
CARROLL WILLS, I718. i;28, 1780. 183I.

APPENDIX D.
GENEALOGICAL NOTES.

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371

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APPENDIX C.

CAKROLL Wi] f.S.

WILL OF CHARLKLi CARROLL.

In the name of God, Amen.

I Charles Carroll of Anne Arurdt ' County, being at the
writing hereof in perfect health of Body, and of sound
mind, memory and understanding, but taking into seri-
ous consideration the frailty and uncertainty of this Life,
and being designed by God's divine permission to make
a voyage into Europe speedily, and willing to leave my
worldly affairs in the clearest aud best condition which
my circumstances will admitt of, in order to prevent all
disputes or misunderstandings that may by any means
arise betwixt my loving wife, children or Relations after
my decease do make and ordain this my Last Will and
testament in manner and form following, hereby revok-
ing, annulling and making void all former Wills, testa-
ments or other Codicills heretofore by me made, and
declaring this to be my last Will and Testament.

Imprimis.

I Give and Bequeath my Soul to God who gave it, my
body to the Earth, hoping that through and by the mer-
itts, sufferings, and nediation of my only Savior and
Redeemer Jesus Christ, I may be admitted into the
heavenly Kingdom prepared by God for those who love,

373

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374 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

fear and truly serve Him, and as to the worldly posses-
sions, Estate and Goods which God of His infinite
bounty far above my deserts hath been pleased to be-
stow upon me, I give and bequeath as followeth, vizt. :
I order all my just debts to be paid, &c.

I give such poor people of this Province, as shall be
thought by my Trustees, hereafter named, the fittest
objects of Charity, the quantity of five thousand pounds
of Tobacco, to be forthwith as the season will admit,
paid out of the best and securist of my Debts and dis-
posed pursuant to the Direction of the said trustees or
the Survivors of them for the best advantage and relief
of such poor whose prayers I begg for the repose of my
Soul, in case there be no reddy tobacco debts due at the
time of decease, the [same] to be paid them in money at a
penny pr pound. I likewise give to the poor of this
town the sume of tenn pounds to be distributed the day
of my buriall or otherwise when my death's known.

Item. — I give unto my said trustees tenn thousand
pounds of tobacco and twenty pounds sterling to be dis-
posed to such charitable uses as I shall direct.

Item 3. — I give and devise unto my loving wife Mary
Carroll all my houses-hould goods, bedding, linen, woolen,
brass, pewter Iron, Chests, Chest of Drawers, tables,
chairs, cheny, glass, looking glasses, and Generally all
utensils of househould stuff that shall be in use at my
dwelling house at Annapolis at the time of my death,
my plate excepted, which I hereby give to my three
Sonnes, to be equally divided between them, as they
respectively come to age ; and allsoe excepting my after
[altar ?] plate which I give solely to my sone Henry, but
my will is that my loving wife have the keeping and use
of Charles and Daniells parte's of the said househould
plate 'till my said Sone Charles come to age, and likewise

Appendix C.

375

the keeping and use of my sone Daniell's parte while she

lives.

Item. — I like\

said 1(

wife di

iwise devise unto my said loving
ing her lifetime my tract of Land in Prince Georges
County called Enfield Chace, containing about sixteen
hundred Acres.

Item. — I likewise devise to my said wife my dwelling
house at Annapolis during her life, but if my Sonne Henry
shall agree to build her such a house as she shall like,
and on such part of Enfield Chase as she shall direct,
then he to enjoy my said dwelling house as my heir at
Law. And I hereby devise and appoint that my Execu-
tors, or any of them, place thereon at convenient quar-
ters to the good likeing of my said wife, fifteen able
negroe Slaves to be at the direction of my said wife, her
overseer or overseers to make Crops of Corne, tobacco
graine, or doe any other labour or work whatever they
shall be sett about, and the produce to be for the sole
use of my said wife, her Executors and Administrators,
and in case of the death or disability of any of such slaves
at any time dureing my wife's life, I doe will and appoint
that my Ex'" put another in his or their place, and keep
the number complete while my said Wife lives, and after
her death that such negroes be divided amongst my Ex-
ecutors, and this provision I make for my wife in full
compensation for her Dower of my Real Estate and
rationabile parti bonorum of my personall estate. I fur-
ther give unto my wife my Chariott and Horses with
all it's furniture thereunto belonging.

Item, — I will order and appoint that untill Enfield
Chase be sufficient to raise stock enough to support itself
that my Executors furnish from some other of my planta-
tions what it falls short of a reasonable subsistence for
the Slaves, and that in case my wife shall think fitt to con-

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76 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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tinue her habitation at Annapolis she shall have during
such her continuance the use of my old Plantation and
such stock as shall be thereon at the time of my death,
making good the principall, as also free wooding for her
house on any part of the said Land. And for a further ad-
dition towards a decent maintenance for my said Wife I
give her one thousand pounds sterling to be paid by my
Executors in six months after my death, and do therewith
as she shall think fitt.

Item. — I also give and bequeath unto my said wife for
her better support the rents of my houses and Lotts at
Annapolis during her widowhood, except the Lotts herein
named vizt the house and Lott I bought of Mr. Wornell
Hunt, \vhich I hereby devise unto my son Charles and
the Heirs of his Body lawfully begotten, and my Market
house Lott which I give to my son Daniell and the heirs
of his Body lawfully begotten, my Lott bought of Wil-
liam Taylord which I give to my Daughter Mary and the
heirs of her body lawfully begotten, and the lott whereon
Edward Smithe lives which I give to my Daughter Elianor
and the heirs of her body lawfully begotten.

Item. — I also give unto my said two Daughters Mary
and Elianor one Moyety of my tract of Land of twenty
thonsand acres, intended to be laid out for me on Poto-
mack to have and to hold five thousand acres thereof to
my Daughter Mary and the heirs of her body lawfully be-
gotten, and for want of such heirs, to her sister Elianor
and the heirs of her body lawfully begotten, the other
five thousand acres I devise to my daughter Elianor and
the heirs of her body lawfully begotten, and for want of
such, to my daughter Mary, and the heirs of her body
lawfully begotten, and if both my said Daughters should
die without Issue, or enter into religion, then the re-
mainder to descend to my heir at Law.

Appendix C

Item. — I likewise give unto each of my said two Daugh-
ters one thousand pounds sterling to be paid respectively
at their ages of sixteen years, or days of marriage ; and
in the mean time the Interest of their money to goe tow-
ards their maintenance, and in the case of the death of
either of them before their respective age of sixteen
years, or marriage, then I devise the portion of that so
deceasing to the other sister, and in case of both their
deaths before the said age or marriage, then I give the
said two thousand pounds to my Executors, and in case
my said Daughters should not prove dutyful to their
mother and my trustees hereafter named and marry ac-
cording to the directions of them or ye survivor of ihem,
then I leave them to the discretion of their said mother,
and my said trustees as to their fortunes.

Item. — I give devise and bequeath unto my two Sones
Charles and Daniell all my lands in Baltimore County,
except those hereinafter expressed wherein I have an ab-
solute Estate in fee simple, and which are free from con-
ditions, limitations or Equity of redemption on payment
of money, as also all the land which at any time during
my life I may take up or purchase in fee simple in the
said County, to have and to hold unto my said sons
Charles and Daniell, viz. the one Moiety thereof unto my
son Charles and his heirs forever, and the other Moiety
thereof to my son Daniell and his heirs forever, to be
equally divided share and share alike.

Item. — I devise unto my four kinswomen Elinor Boyd,

Margerett Macnamarra, Joyce Bradford and Maccoy

my tract of land in Baltimore County called Encles good
will, to be equally divided betwixt them and their heirs
forever, and to my kinswoman Johanna Crocksdell five
pounds current money, and to my kinsman Major John
Bradford six pounds to buy him a mourning suit. In

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378 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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case any gift or legacy be made to my wife during my life,
or that any divisionall part of the estate of any parent or
Relation fall to her in that time, my will is that it be reck-
oned no part of my Estate, but do hereby give the same
to my said Wife, to be disposed of as she shall think fitt.

I give unto my loving kinsmen Thomas Macnemara,
James Carroll, William Fritzredmond, Charles Carroll,
Dominick Carroll, Michael Taylor and Daniel Carroll the
sum of six pounds each to buy them mourning.

Whereas I now have several sums of money out
upon mortgages and bills of Sale for negroes, and other
personall goods and probably may have others at the
time of my decease, I doe therefore hereby give and
devise the same to my Executors and their heirs towards
payment of what just debts I shall owe at the time of my
Death and for payment of my Legacys and gifts afore-
said, and all the rest, as allso all my personall estate what-
soever, whether consisting of negro slaves, horses, cattle,
ready money, money in England in the hands of any of
my correspondants, or of any other denomination or kind
whatsoever be the same in money or tobacco debts, out-
standing or reduced into possession, I give and bequeath
to my said Executors equally to be divided between
them share and share alike, and I doe hereby nominate,
ordain, constitute and appoint my three Sons Henry,
Charles and Daniell and ye survivors of them to be
Executors of this my last will and testament, and I fur-
ther appoint that my loving Brothers-in-law Mr. Henry
Darnall, Mr. Benjamin Hall, My Kinsmen Mr. James
Carroll and Daniel Carroll to be overseers and trustees
thereof to see the same punctually observed and fulfilled
and in case of the absence or inability of my Executors
to take the Execution thereof upon themselves according
to the true intent and meaning thereof, and for the use

5* 1 1..

Appendix C,

379

therein mentioned, hereby Earnestly recomending to
them by their good advice and instructions to recomend
to my said Executors virtue, sobriety andadecent frugal-
ity, and retain [restrain ?] as much as possible can be
the extravagancy incident to youth.

I doe hereby revoke, annull, cancell and make void
all former wills, testaments, or codicils by me made, and
declare this to be my only last Will and Testament, and
no other this first day of December, one thousand Seven
hundred and Eighteen

Charles Carroll.
[Seal]

Signed, Sealed declared and published the day and year
aforesaid, in the presence of

Luke Gardner

Jacob Henderson

D. Dulany

John Gresham

Thos. Stewart.

On the back of the aforegoing Will was thus endorsed
viz.

July the twenty-eighth, seventeen hundred and twenty.
The Reverend Jacob Henderson and John Gresham
Esq. two of the evidences subscribing the within Will
make Oath that they saw Charles Carroll Esq. the within
testator seal the within instrument as his last Will and
Testament, and that he published and declared the same
so to be, and that at the time of his so doing he was of
sound and perfect mind and memory, but that to the best
of their remembrance they did not see him subscribe the
same, his name being writt to the seal before they see it,
but that they are well acquainted with his handwriting,
he acknowledging it so to be before them before me

Th. Bordley Com'*^ GEN'*^

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380 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Eodem Die

Mr. Henry Darnall Mr. Jas. Carroll Mr. Daniell Car-
roll three ex'" of the within Will mentioned make Oath
that they do not know of any later Will or Testament
made by the said Testator in his lifetime but believe
this to be his last Will and Testament,

before me
Th. Bordley Com"^ Gen\

Likewise Madame Mary Carroll the Widow of the De-
ceased makes oath as above the same Day, and also de-
clares her consent to, and acceptance of the legacies and
Devises in the within will, and that she is well satisfied
therewith in lieu of any other claims she might have
against the Deceased estate according to Act of Assembly.

Th. Bordley Com''"' GEN^

Vide further probate to this will in Lib. C.C. No. 3, folio 293,
anno 1731.

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!' S I 51

WILL OF JAMES CARROLL.

In the name of God, Amen.

I James Carroll of Tingaul in Alhallows Parish in Ann
Arundel County being through the Mercy of God in per-
fect Health, do declare what follows to be my last Will
and Testament, hereby revoking all other wills hereto-
fore by me made. First I humbly Recomend and give
my soul unto my heavenly Father through whose Mercy
and the Merits of Christ Jesus I most humbly hope for
eternal happiness.

Item. — T desire that all my just debts (which are few
and small) be punctually paid.

Item. — I give to forty such poor mendicants of and in
the parishes of English and Lorrah in lower Ormund in

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Appendix C,

38"

the County of Tipperary in the Kingdom of Ireland as
my Executors or such as they or the Major part of them
shall appoint to distribute the same, shall deem proper
objects of charity, the sura of ten shillings Irish money a
piece.

Item. — I give to such twenty poor people in this parish
of my Residence, and the Parish where my Quarters are
in Prince Georges County such as my P^xecutors shall
judge to be in necessity, two Barrels of Indian Corn a
piece at times at their Discretion, within four years after
my decease, to be delivered if applied for at my dwelling
place, or Carrollburgh, or part at one, or part at another,
at the discretion of the proprietors of those places. I
desire that such of my apparel as may be fit (and not in-
decent) for my slaves to wear, may be given to such of
them as are honest, and have a sense of Christian dutys,
as Tomboy, Jack, Jerey, Dick etc. And that means may
be used (at the discretion of my devisee) to Instruct
them all in the Christian Doctrine.

Item. — It is my Will and desire that with all Conven-
ient Reasonable speed my Debts be received or secured
after the best manner my Executors can. I empower
my Executors, or the Major part of them, to sell and
dispose of all my Lands in Baltimore County, my Lands
in Somerset County, all my Lands in Calvert County,
also all my Mortgages and Bills of Sale with Conditions
for Redemption. Also my two Lots in Annapolis, lying
near the head of the Creek, and which I bought of Mr.
John Hammond — the neat produce or amount of my
Debts aforesaid, the sale of my Lands, Lotts, Mortgages,
and bills of sale aforesaid, I dispose of and in the fol-
lowing manner : Imprimis, I appoint that out of it and
my money Lodged, or that shall be in the London
Merchants hands (which is to be understood as part of

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382 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

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my outstanding debts) my debts be satisfyed, after which
I desire and appoint one thousand pounds sterling of
the produce aforesaid be applied towards the Education
of my Nephew and heir apparent Anthony Carrol, my
Brother Daniel's only son, to be laid out in the manner
hereinafter mentioned, that is to say, one hundred
pounds sterling to be laid down in consideration of all
charges in going through his lower studys, and (at the
discretion of my Executors, or the survivors of them)
such summes annually afterwards as may enable him to
go through his higher studys, and so on through a course
of the study of Law or physick. But physick Rather, as
it may afford the least temptation to change his Religion.
And in Case my nephew shall dye or prove unsusceptive
of Learning, or prove Incorrigible, or want application
in any of the courses aforesaid before he attains to
Twenty one years — then it is my Will and I do require
my Executors to discontinue the application of money
to his education, or if he prove vicious, to also discon-
tinue. In which cases It is my Will that the money
designed for his education be applyed to the education
of my Nephew James Carroll, son of my brother Michael
if he shall not exceed sixteen years of age at my Death,
but if he shall, to be laid out on such one of his brothers
as shall not be sixteen years at the time of my death. I
do recommend to my Executors to place the one thou-
sand pounds sterling after a secure manner at Interest
so as the Interest may defray the ordinary annual stipends
necessary to be expended for his education. And fur-
ther it is my will that in case any friend or Guardian
hinder or obstruct the Childs being educated in such
place and after such manner as my Executors shall think
fit, that in such case the money be not laid out on him,
but be applyed as in case of his Death as above. And

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Appe7tdix C.

383

lest any dispute should hereafter arise about this point
between my said cosin Anthony or his guardian and my
Executors, so great is my confidence in my Executors
that I leave it to them to apply the said thousand pounds
and its interest at their choice to my Nephew James or
Anthony, It being my will that whatsoever Child or
Children of my Brothers receive benefit by this will be,
until they go and pass through their studys already men-
tioned, at the Intire direction of my Executors, or the
survivors of them. It is my Will in case my Nephew
Anthony aforesaid lave and do not forfeit my good De-
signs for him by any the means above mentioned, that
after his passing through his studys aforesaid, he have
the thousand pounds aforesaid, or so much as shall re-
main unexpended on him. I give to my Cosins Domin-
ick, Anthony and Daniel Carrolls, sons of my brother
Michael, five hundred acres of land each to them — sev-
erally and their Heirs and assign? severally forever out
of a Tract of Land called pork Hall, lying at pipe creek,
the remaining nine hundred and eighty I bequeath to
my sister Johanna Croxell, and my cosin Mary Higgins,
to them and their Heirs severally forever. Notwithstand-
ing what is already said with Relation to my Lands in
Baltimore County, I bequeath to my Cosin Michael Tay-
lor my tract of land called Bin containing about seven
hundred and odd — Acres, to him and his heirs forever.
My Land called the Hop yard I bequeath to my Cousins
Edward Tully and Michael Tully's two sons, that is to
say one half to Edward, his heirs and assigns, the other
half to the aforesaid two sons their Heirs and assigns.
It is my will that the survivors of my Executors may act
and do what all my Executors are empowered to act or
do by my will. I bequeath to my Cosin Anthony Carroll
now with me, two Negroes viz Hen .y and Mary, to be

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384 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

delivered if alive, to him the tenth of October after my
decease the better to enable him to seat his five hundred
acres of land, which is to be laid out in a convenient
form where he shall think fit to seat if he settles first ; I
bequeath to my sister Johanna my two Negroes James
and Daniel, provided she, her husband and their Family,
or the survivors of them will remove to and settle on the
above five hundred acres to her given, to be delivered to
her, if alive, the loth of October after my decease, pro-
vided they go and seat the land as aforesaid the same
fall. And it is my Will that the Residue (after the thou-
sand pounds as aforesaid bequeathed to my Cosin An-
thony Carroll son of my Brother Daniel), of what my
standing Debts, Money in England, Bills of Exchange
remitted. Tobacco remitted or to be remitted or housed,
Lands, Mortgages and Bills of Sales, or other securities
shall amount to, I give and appoint to be disposed of as
follows. That is to be laid out and expended on the
education of such two of my Brother Michael's Sons as
are under and nearest fifteen years of age at my death.

Having sold to George Jeams a piece of Land, another
to Francis Day for which I am paid, I authorize my
Executors, or any two of them to convey them to the
said George and Francis according to agreement. I 've
also sold two hundred acres, part of pork Hall, to George
Roberts — I empower my Executors, or any two of them,
on receiving the consideration money to make the Land
over to him. / bequeath to my very dear Cosen and God-
son Charles Carroll the ps. or parcel of a Lot of Ground
given me by him and his mother ^ also the Lott adjoining there-
to ^ lying partly between the same and half a Lott bought of
Benjamin Tasker Esq. and ivhereon my new house is, also
the aforesaid half Lott bought of Mr. Tasker, all lying
adjoining one to the other in the City of Annapolis, unto him

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Appendix C.

385

J my

3 the

I've

God-
round
there-
ktof
also
lying
him

the said Charles his heirs and assigns forever} I also
bequeath unto the said Charles my dwelling place con-
sisting of two parcels of Land containing about four
hundred and sixty acres. Also what remains unsold of
Bright Seat and Ayno near Petuxent, above the head of
South River in Ann Arundel County, also my Lands
called Carrols Burgh, Chenys plantation, and about
sixty acres, part of Ridgely and Tylors Chance, in all
upwards of two thousand acres lying in Prince George's
County, also my two Lotts in Queens Anne Town, and
two parcells of Land near the said Town, one bought of
Thomas Lancaster, the other of Turner Wootten, lying
in the said county. I bequeath and give unto him the
said Charles his Heirs and assigns forever, also all my ser-
vants and slaves, household stuff, goods, and chatties and
personal estate whatsoever, or wheresoever and of what
denomination soever, not before disposed of in and by this
will, unto him the said Charles and his assigns forever.
I desire there be one hundred pounds sterling laid down
and paid for my nephew James, his education in his
lower studyes, and that there be paid to bear his expenses
to London in order to be sent thence to School where
my Executors shall order, fifteen pounds sterling more,
all which, as well as my debts, to be paid out of my
money in England, outstanding debts, lands and mort-
gages, Bills of Sale, tobacco housed, shipped or ready to
be shipped designing no Diminution whatsoever to be
made of my General Devise to my Cosen Charles Carroll.
I appoint my Cosen Anthony my heir at Law, and my
aforesaid Cosen James, my joint Executors, and during
their minority and absence, Cosen and Godson Charles
Carrol, Mr. John Diggs, Mr. Francis Hall, and my Cosen
Doctor Charles Carroll of Annapolis, Executors of this
' These italics are not in the original will,

VOL. II.— 25

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386 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

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Witnesses that the same
was signed and scaled and
declared as his Will in
presence of us.

my last will and testament in testimony whereof I have
hereunto Set my hand and seal this twelfth day of Feb-
ruary one thousand and seven hundred and twenty eight,
in the presence of the Witnesses thereunto subscribed.

James Carroll.
[Skal]
Samuel Chew of Maid-
stone
RiCF[ARi) Hill
Wm. Richardson
And. Taile.
Om the buck of the aforegoing will was thus endorst, viz.

June 27th, 1729.
Then canm Doctor Richard Hill, one of the subscrib-
ing evidences to the within will, who takes his test in
usual form (being one of the people called Quakers) that
he saw the within named James Carroll the Testator sign
and seal the within Instrument as his Last Will and
testament, and at the same time heard him publish and
declare the same to be, and that at the Time of his so
doing he was of sound disposing mind and memory to
the best of his knowledge, and he further afifirms that he
signed as an evidence in the presence of the Testator.
Affirmed to before me the day and year above
John Beale, Deputy Com""',

A. A. County.
July 24th, 1728.
Then came Doctor Samuel Chew of Maidstone, one of
the subscribing evidences to the within will who takes
his test in usual form, (being one of the people called
Quakers) that he saw the within named James Carroll the
Testator sign and seal the within instrument as his last
will and testament, and at the same time heard him pub-
lish and declare the same so to be, and that at the time

Appendix C,

387

of his so doing he was of sound disposing mind and
memory, to the best of his knowledge, and he further af-
firms that he signed as an evidenre in the i)resen(:e of the
Testator, and that tlie other evidences ti) the within will
signed as lOvidences thereto at the samet'me.

Affirmed to before me the day and year last mentioned.
John Bkamc, Dki-uty C*>m"\

A. A. County.

Whereas I James Carroll of Allhallow's parish at South
River hundred in Ann Arundel County, have by my Last
Will and Testament, bearing date the twelfth Day of
this Instant February Anno Doni, 1728 bequeathed unto
my cosin Charles Carrol a certain part of my estate, In
trust and confidence that he would invest therewith my
Good friend Mr. George Thorold of Portoliacco, in
Charles County, Hut through a|>prehen[sion] of the said
Charles Death 1 do by this Codicil which I desire and re-
quire to be deemed and taken as part of my Last Will
and Testament, Confirm and Give unto the said George,
what I expected and do not doubt the said Charles would
give pursuant to my instruction if Death or other acci-
dent did not interpose Hereby confirming my former
Will in all respects except the following clause, which I
do hereby rescind annull and make void af' to the sai<l
Charles his heirs, executors and administrators. It is
thus expressed viz — I also bequeath unto the said Charles
my Dwelling Place consisting of two parcels of Land con-
taining about Four hundred and sixty acres, also what
remains unsold of Bright seat and Ayno near Patuxent,
above the head of South River in Ann Arundel County,
also my lands called Carrollsburgh, Cheneys Plantation,
and about sixty acres part of Ridgeiy and Tylers Chance,
in all upwards of two thousand Acres lying in Prince
Georges County, Also my two Lotts lying in Queen

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388 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

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Anns Town, and two parcels of Land lying near the said
Town, one bought of Thomas Lancaster, tother of Turner
VVooten lying in the said county, also all my servants and
slaves, Household stuff, goods and chattels and personal
estate whatsoever or wheresoever and of what Denomina-
tion soever, all which I give and bequeathed to the said
Charles, his heirs and a?signs forever. But now by this
codicil do hereby give, devise and bequeath the aforesaid
Lands goods and chattels in as full and ample manner
unto the aforesaid George Thorold, his heirs and assigns
forever, as the same are bequeathed to my Af^** Cosin,
and do hereby give and bequeath the aforementioned
Lands and the goods and chatties aforesaid unto the said
George Thorold, his heirs and assigns forever. And in
case of his Death before me then I bequeath the aforesaid
Lands, and Goods, Chatties unto my very good friend Mr.
Peter Attwood of Portobacco aforesaid, his heirs and
assigns forever. And in case of both their Deaths before
mine, then I bequeath the aforesaid Lands & Goods &
chatties unto Mr. Joseph Greaton his heirs and assigns
forever.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
seal this seventeenth day of February one thousand,
seven hundred and twenty-eight.

James Carroll.
[Seal]

Signed, sealed published and declared as a Codicil to
his last will in the presence of us

John Walch Anth. Carroll

his
John B. Galloker
mark.

On the back of the aforegoing Codicil was thus en-
dorsed

Appendix C

389

June 27, 1729.

Then came John Welsh and John Galloker, two of the
subscribing evidences to the within Instrument, who
makes Oath upon the Holy Evangelist of Almighty God
that they see the within named James Carroll, the Tes-
tator sign and seal the within Instrument as a Codocil or
part of his last Will and Testament, and at the same time
heard him publish and Declare the same so to be, and
that at the time of his so doing he was of sound disposing
mind and memory to the best of their knowledge, and
that they signed as evidences to the within Instrument in
the presence of the Testator.

Sworn to before me the day and year above

John Beale, Dep^\ Com"^'.,

A. A. County.

July 15, 1729.

Then came John Galloker and also made Oath on the
Holy Evangely of Almighty God, that Anthony Carroll,
one of the evidences to the within instrument or codicil,
signed as an evidence thereto at the same time with the
said John Galloker, in the presence of the Testator.
Sworn to before me, the day and year last mentioned.
John Beale, Deputy Com'*''.,

A. A. County.

July, ye 21st, T729.

Then came John Walch and also made oath on the
Holy Evangelists of Almighty God, that Anthony Car-
roll, one of the Evidences to the within Instrument or
Codicil signed as an evidence thereto at the same time
with the said John Walch in the presence of the Testator.
Sworn to before me the day and year last mentioned
John Beale, Deputy Com***.,

A. A. County.

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390 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

LAST WILL AND TESTAMENT OF CHARLES
CARROLL OF ANNAPOLIS.

1780-1782.

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In the name of God, Amen.

I, Charles Carroll of Anne Arundel County, at the writ-
ing hereof in perfect health of body and of sound
memory and understanding, for which I thank God, Do
make and ordain this my last will and testament in the
manner following.

Imprimis, I order all my just debts to be paid, which
are but few and small. 2nd. I order my body to be
buried as privately as possible consistently with decency.
3rd. Whereas my nephew Charles Carroll and his sisters
Eleanor and Mary are entitled to a moiety of severall
lands, as may appear by my father's will, I do hereby
empower my executor hereinafter named, to sell all the
said lands which I have not already sold and accounted
for, and to pay one moiety of the proceeds to the repre-
sentatives of niy said nephew Charles Carroll and his
sister Eleanor, and to his sister Mary, my niece.

4th. Whereas my cousin Rachell Darnall always behaved
very dutifully to my late wife, her aunt, and in her last
sickness was very tender of her and tended her with the
greatest care and affection and has by a long residence
with me merited my esteem and affection, I bequeath to
my said Cousin Rachall Darnall thirty pounds sterling to
be paid her in three months after my death. I also be-
queath to my said Cousin Rachell Darnall thirty pounds
sterling a year during her life, the first yearly payment
to be made in twelve months after my death.

Item, all other my estate both real and personal of
what kind or nature soever not herein before bequeathed,

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Appendix C.

391

with all my lands, houses, etc., now in my possession or
which I shall purchase before my death, I give and be-
queath unto my son Charles Carroll by my late wife
Elizabeth Brooke, the daughter of Clement Brooke, Esq : ,
to him I say I bequeath them and to his heirs forever in
fee simple.

7th, I constitute and appoint my son Charles Carroll
my whole and sole executor of this my last will and
testament.

8th Item, I do hereby nominate, constitute, and api)oint
my said son Charles Carroll my whole and sole executor
to prove this my will in the Commissary's office by the
subscribing witnesses thereto for passing my lands and
real estate as herein before mentioned and to entitle him-
self to Letters Testamentary thereon to enable himself to
recover what may be due to me and that he then also give
good and undoubted security for his performance of this
will, and payment of all my debts, for which purpose I
desire he will have undersign an admission of assetts but
by no means to lodge any inventory or list of debts or to
pass any account of my estate in any publick oflice.

9th, Lastly I declare this to be my last will and testa-
ment and I hereby revoke all wills by me heretofore made.
In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand and
seal this nineteenth day of June Anno Domini, one thou-
sand, seven hundred and eighty. Cha : Carroll.

[Seal]

Signed, sealed, published, and declared by Charles the
Testator to be his last Will and testament in the presence
of us the subscribers,

Edwd. Gaithek, Jr.,

Reuben MEREWEATF^ER,

Thomas Dorsev,

RiDGELV WaRKIELD.

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392 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

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At the foot of the foregoing Will were the following en-
dorsements to wit :

Anne Arundel County Set., the 5th day of June, 1782,
Then came Edvv'' Gaither J', Thomas Dorsey and Ridgely
Warfield three of the subscribing witnesses to the within
last will and testament of Charles Carroll late of Anne
Arundel County deceased, and severally made oath on the
Holy Evangely of Almighty God, that they did see the
Testator therein named sign and seal this will, and that
they heard him publish, pronounce and declare the same
to be his last will and testament, that at the time of his
so doing he was to the best of their apprehension, of
sound and disposing mind, memory and understanding ;
and that they respectively subscribed their names as wit-
nesses to this will, in the presence and at the request of
the Testator, and in the presence of each other, and that
they also saw Reuben Meriweather subscribe his name as
a witness to this will in the presence of the Testator and
at his request.

Certified by Thos. Gassaway,
Reg. Wills, Anne A. County.

Anne Arundel County Set. June 5th, 1782, Came
Charles Carroll of Carrollton the executor appointed in
the within will and made oath on the Holy Evangely of
Almighty God that the within instrument of writing is
the true and whole will and testament of Charles Carroll
late of Anne Arundel County deceased, that hath come
to his hands or possession ; and that he doth not know
of any other made since.

Certified by Thos. Gassaway,

Reg. Wills, Anne A. Co^

Maryland, Anne Arundel County, Set :

I hereby certify, that the within and foregoing Will of
Charles Carroll is truly copied from Liber T. G. No. i,

Appendix C

393

folio 1 06, out of the Will Record Books in the office of
the Register of Wills for Anne Arundel County aforesaid.
In testimony whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name and
affix the Seal of the Orphans' Court for Anne Arundel
County, this i8th day of October, A. D., 1883.
Test:

John W. Brasheass,
Register Wills, A. A. County.

WILL OF CHARLES CARROLL OF
CARROLLTON.

State of Maryland :

I, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, of Anne Arundel
County, in the said State, do make this my last will and
testament, in manner following, hereby revoking all for-
mer wills and codicils by me made, that is to say : —

To my Grandson Charles Carroll and his Heirs, I
devise all my Island in Chesapeake Bay, called Poplar
Island also all my Lots and Houses in the City of An-
napolis, (except the Houses and Lots hereinafter devised to
my daughter Mary Caton), also all my Estate, Plantation,
or tract of Land in the vicinity of Annapolis, called " the
Farm," with the two adjoining Tracts of Land called
Edges advance, and Edges addition, and all my tract of
Land in Anne Arundel County, on the road from An-
napolis to Elk Ridge, called " part of Trusty Friend," or
the Half-way .House ; I also devise to him for his life
without impeachment of waste, my Manor in Anne Arun-
del County, called Doughoragen Manor, or Doughoragen
Manor enlarged, with all my Lands adjoining thereto ; and
after his death to his eldest Son^ lawfully begotten whom
he may leave alive, or in ventre sa mere at the time of his
death, and to the Heirs of such eldest Son for ever ; and

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394 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

in case my said Grandson should die without leaving any
son then alive, or of wliom his wife maybe then pregnant,
I then devise all my said Manor and adjoining Lands to
his eldest legitimate male descendant in the eldest male
line who may then be alive or in ventre sa mere, and to
the Heirs of such eldest male descendant for ever ; and
in default of such legitimate male descendant of my said
Grandson in the male line, 1 then devise all my said
Manor, and adjoining Lands to my daughters Mary Caton
and Catharine Harper, and their Heirs as tenants in
common and to the children, grand children, and de-
scendants of my deceased Son Charles Carroll, and their
Heirs as tennants in common in such manner as that
each of my said daughters shall have each an equal third
part, and the children of my said Son then alive, and the
children or descendants of such of them as may then be
dead shall have one equal third part among them, which
last mentioned third shall be so divided that each child of
my said Son then living shall have one equal part thereof
in fee simple, and the children and other descendants of
each child then dead one equal part equally among them
in fee simple/^/- stirpes, the children of each dead child
or descendant standing in the place of their Parent, and
taking the part which said parent if alive would have
had, equally to be divided among them. And if at the
death of my said Grandson, my said daughters or either
of them should be dead, it is my will and 1 hereby devise
and direct, that their children and descendants then alive
shall stand in their places respectively as to my said
Manor and adjoining Lands, and shall take to them and
their Heirs as tenants in common, the parts respectively
which my said daughters if alive would have respectively
taken, the third pan of each of my daughters in such
case, being divided among her children then alive, and

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Appendix C

395

fil

the descendants of such of them as may be then dead in
such manner as that each child then alive shall take in
fee simple one equal part of the said third, and the chil-
dren and other descendants of each child then dead one
equal part in fee simple equally among \.\\Qm per stirpes^
the children of each deceased child or descendant stand-
ing in the place of their parent and taking equally among
them the part which that parent if alive would have had.
I give to my Grandson Charles Carroll all the Slaves and
other personal property which at the time of my death
shall be on the Farm called the Folly (which is part of my
Manor) that is to say, personal property which at the
time of my death shall be commonly employed or used
on or belonging to the said Farm, commonly called the
Folly. All the rest of the Slaves, Horses, Cattle, Hogs,
Sheep, and farming utensils which at the time of my
death shall be on, and belong to my aforesaid Manor
called Doughoragen Manor, or Doughoragen Manor
enlarged, I direct to be divided into three equal parts,
one of which parts I give to my Grandson Charles Car-
roll, his Executors, Administrators and Assigns. An-
other third part to my three Grandchildren, Charles
Carroll Harper, Robert Goodloe Harper, and Emily
Harper ; equally to be divided between them share and
share alike. And the remaining third part of the afore-
said Negroes, Horses, Cattle, Hogs, Sheep and Farming
Utensils I give to my four Granddaughters Mary Ann
Patterson, Elizabeth Caton, Louisa Catherine Harvy, and
Emily MacTavish, equally to be divided between them,
and if either of my said last mentioned four Grand-
daughters should die in my life-time, without leaving
issue living at my death, the share which would have
belonged to her in case she had survived me shall go to
her surviving sisters, and the descendants of such of them

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396 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

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as may have died before me leaving issue equally to be
divided between them, the issue of such deceased Grand-
daughter to stand in the place, and be entitled to the
share that would have belonged to such deceased Grand-
daughter in case she had survived me. All the rest of
the personal property of every kind that may be on my
said Manor at the time of my decease, I give to my
Grandson Charles Carroll, his Executors, Administrators
and Assigns. All my Wines in every other place except
the said Manor I give to my two Daughters and my said
Grandson, to be equally divided among them in such
manner as that each shall have one third of each kind
and quality.

Whereas I hold sundry Lots in the City of Baltimore
leased out on ground rent, by leases renewable forever,
and other Lots with Flouses on them which are rented
from year to year, and some vacant Lots yielding no rent,
I do hereby devise to my friends John MacTavish of the
City of Baltimore and Lewis Neth of the City of Annap-
olis, and Richard S. Steuart of the City of Baltimore
aforesaid, and to the survivor of them and to the Heirs
of such survivor, all my Lots and Houses and Rents in
the City of Baltimore, except my Lots and Houses front-
ing on Gay street and Frederick street, or either of them,
between Second and Water Street. I also give and be-
queath to the said John MacTavish, Lewis Neth, and
Richard S. Steuart and the survivor of them and the Ex-
ecutors and Administrators of such survivor, the follow-
ing Slaves, that is to say, Luke, William, Richard, Dennis
Carpenter, William, Robert, James, Old Henny and her
Grandchildren, Polly and her daughter, Sarah, and Katy
and her children, Peggy and her children, and Nellie
and her children, which said Slaves now reside and are
employed at the house of Richard Caton in the City of

\\\

Appendix C.

397

Baltimore, or at the farm called Brookland Wood, near
the City of Baltimore, also all the children and descend-
ants of the above mentioned female Slaves, which may
be born after the date of this my last will and testament,
and during my life. I further give and bequeath to the
said John MacTavish, Lewis Neth, and Richard S. Steu-
art, and the survivor of them, and the Executors and
Administrators of such survivor, all the Plate, Household
and Kitchen furniture which shall at the time of my
decease be at the dwelling house of the said Richard
Caton in the City of Baltimore, or at the said Farm
called Brookland Wood and be commonly used and
employed, or kept in or about the said two dwellings, or
either of them. To have and to hold the said Lots,
Houses, Rents, Slaves, Plate and Furniture and Property
to the said John MacTavish, Lewis Neth, and Richard
S. Steuart, and the survivor of them, and thf: Heirs, Ex-
ecutors and Administrators of such survivors, for and
during the lives of Richard Caton, ai.d my daughter
Mary Caton his wife and the life of the survivor of them
upon the following trusts, that is to say, in trust for my
daughter Mary Caton during her natural life, for her
sole and separate use free from the controul or power
of her present or any future husband, and to permit her
or any person she may authorize to receive and take
during her life the rents, profits and issues thereof, for
her sole and separate use, and to make and execute dur-
ing her life all such Sales, Conveyances, Leases, Trans-
fers, and Assignments thereof, or any part thereof, as she
by writing under her hand shall from time to time direct ;
and the proceeds of all such Sales, Conveyances, Leases,
Transfers, and Assignments from time to time to invest
in such purchases of Stock, Funds, Rents or Property of
any kind as she by writing under her hand may from

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398 CJuirlcs Carroll of Carrollton.

time to time direct, to be held by them in their names in
trust for her sole and separate use as aforesaid during
her life, and in case her said husband Richard Caton
should survive her, then in trust as to all the said Lots,
Houses, Rents, Slaves, Plate, Furniture and also prop-
erty of any kind that may have arisen from the Sale,
Conveyance, Lease, Transfer, Assignment and reinvest-
ment aforesaid, to hold the same for the use and benefit
of the said Richard Caton during his life, and to permit
him to take and -eceive during his life the rents and
profits and issues thereof for his own use, and to make
such Sales, Transfers, Assignments, Conveyances and
Leases thereof, and of any part or parts thereof as he
may direct by writing under his hand from time to time,
and the proceeds of all such Sales, Conveyances, Leases,
Transfers and Assignments, to invest in their own names
in such Stocks or other productive funds as he may from
time to time direct ; the same to be held in trust for him
in the same manner, and with the like benefit and advan-
tages and powers, as are above mentioned, and from and
after the death of the said Richard Caton and Mary
Caton, I give, devise and bequeath all the said Lots,
Houses, Rents, Slaves, Plate and Furniture, and also all
property of every kind accruing from the Sale, Trans-
fer, Conveyance, Lease, Assignment and reinvestments
aforesaid, unto my Granddaughters Mary Ann Patterson,
Elizabeth Caton, Louisa Catharine Hervey, and Emily
MacTavish, their Heirs, Executors, and Administrators
as tenants in common, equally to be divided between
them. I devise to my friends John MacTavish and
Richard S, Steuart, of the City of Baltimore, and Lewis
Neth, of the City of Annapolis, and the survivors and
survivor of them, and to the Heirs of such survivor,
Fifteen thousand eight hundred and ninety-seven Acres

Appendix C.

399

icres

of Land in the State of Pennsylvania, being an undi-
vided part of twenty-seven thousand six hundred and
ninety-one acres held by me in different parts of that
State. Also all my late dvvellin{^ house in the City of
Annapolis, and the Outhouses, Garden, and Lots ad-
joining and belonging to the said dwelling house, includ-
ing the Lot between the said dwelling house and the
house formerly occupied and owned by the late Doctor U.
Scott, also the Carriage House on the opposite side of the
street, that passes in front of my said dwelling house ; the
said John MacTavish, Richard S. Steuart and Lewis Neth,
and the survivors and survivor of them, to hold the said
Lands. Lots and Houses, in trust for my daughter Mary
Caton her Heirs and Assigns, for her sole and separate
use free from the controul and jjower of her present or
any future husband, with power to my said daughter Mary
Caton, to sell, give, convey, or otherwise dispose of the
said Lands, Lots and Houses, or any of them, or any
part thereof, by deed or last will and testament, or in any
other mode in which she may think proper in the same
manner as if she were a feme sole. I devise to my daugh-
ter Catharine Harper, and her Heirs and Assigns forever.
Five thousand, eight hundred and ninety-seven acres of
Land in the State of Pennsylvania, being one undivided
part of the aforesaid Twenty-seven thousand six hundred
and ninety-one acres held by me in different parts of the
State of Pennsylvania aforesaid ; also all my Houses and
Lots in the City of Baltimore which front on Gay street
and Frederick street, or either of them, between Second
and Water streets, to her the said Catharine Harper, her
Heirs and Assigns for ever. The remaining part of the
aforesaid Twenty-seven thousand six hundred and ninety-
one acres of Land held by me in different p^rts of the
State of Pennsylvania, I devise to my Granddaughters

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400 Charles Carroll of Car roll ton.

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Elizabeth Chew Tucker, Mary Sophia Bayard, Hariet
Carroll, and Louisa Catharine Carroll, and their Heirs
as tenants in common to be e(iually divided among them.
I devise to my Grandchildren Charles Carroll Harper,
Robert Goodloe Harper, and Emily Harper and their
Heirs forever as tenants in common all my Landfj in
Tioga and Steuben Counties in the State of New York
commonly called Moreland Manor, as well as that part
which I purchased from a certain Robert C. Johnson, as
those parts which were purchased by my late Son-in-law
Robert Goodloe Harper from the said Robert C. John-
son and a certain Isaac Bronson, and conveyed to me by
the said Robert G. Harper by way of mortgage.

I give to my Grandson, Charles Carroll Harper, his
Heirs and Assigns for ever my Plantation in Baltimore
County, called Oakland, conveyed to me by my late Son-
in-law, Robert Goodloe Harper.

I devise and bequeath to the Right Revend Ambrose
Arch Bishop of Baltimore and his Heirs, the Chapel on
my Manor of Doughoragen near to the dwelling house,
with all the Utensils, Vessels, Furniture, Books, and
Vestments used in the said Chapel for the purposes of
public worship, and for the accommodation of the offici-
ating Priest, and the Land on which the said Chapel
stands ; and also one square Acre of Ground near to the
said Chapel including the Burying Ground now used for
burying the dead (li the Congregation worshipping in the
said Chapel ; and also a right of way to and from the
said Chapel and Burying Ground for ever ; for the pur-
poses of attending the duties of religion, burying the
dead, making repairs and other necessary purposes.
And also the sum of Five thousand dollars now due to
me from the Reverend John Tessier, being the part that
remains due of the sum of Fifteen thousand dollars orig-

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Appendix C.

401

pur-
the

inally lent by me to the Reverend William Dubour^', and
all mv Right, Title, Interest and Estate of, in, and to, a
certain piece or parcel of ground within the present
limits of the City of Haltinioic, heretofore mortgaged to
me to secure the payment of the said sum of l-'ifleen
thousand dolhirs, and also all arrears of interest on the
said sum of Five thousand dollars that n)ay be due or
growing due to me at the time of my decease, and I
direct, and my will is, that in the general division of the
residuum of my personal Estate directed by this my will
to be made into three ])arts, this sum of live thousand
dollars shall be charged to the family of my Son lately
deceased, and taken as a part of the third allotted to
that Branch of my family ; and that in the division of
that third between my (Irandson and his sisters, or their
representatives, the said sum of Five thousand dollars
shall be charged to my Grandson solely, and considered
as part of his portion of that third. I make this disposi-
tion because I believe that the large Estate allotted by
this will to my Grandson, will greatly benefit by the use
and application which will be made of this sum of money,
while the other branches of my family will not be in the
way of participating in this benefit.

I hereby release and discharge my (irandd. ughter Mary
Ann Patterson from the payment of her two notes to me
and also from all rent due from her to me at the date of
this my last will and testament, provided the said notes
and rent shall remain unpaid at my death, and provided
also, that nothing herein contained sluill be construed
to release any rent which may become or fall due after
the date of this my last will and testament.

I give and bequeath to my friend John MacTavish,
the sum of Twenty thousand dollars.

All the rest and residue of my Estate, real, personal,

VOL. 11,— <26

/III

'I I'

402 Charles Carroll of Carrolllon.

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and inixt, I direct to be divided by my Executors into
three parts as equal as may be in value with regard to
present productiveness as well as to future ; and out of
one of those thirds I direct them to raise by such means
as they may judge most advantageous and beneficial for
those to be ultimately interested in this third, the follow-
ing annuity ; for whicii purpose 1 give them all the neces-
sary powers, including the power to convey real estate in
fee simple when required, for accomplishing the object ;
to transfer Stocks, and to sell personal estate, that is to
say, an annuity of Three thousand dollars for my daugh-
ter-in-law Harriet Carroll during her life, to be paid to
her quarterly or half yearly and in full and entire dis-
charge and satisfaction of the sum of Three thousand
dollars annually secured to her by her marriage settle-
ment, and chargt;d thereby on my Manor of Carrollton
and the adjoining Lands, which are to be fully discharged
and exonerated therefrom by this payment ; and if my
said daughter-in-law should decline receiving this annu-
ity in discharge and satisfaction of her marriage settle-
ment, I then authorize and direct my Executors to
retain the annuity, or the fund out of which it is to arise
in their own hands during her life, and to pay the said
sum to her annually in discharge of her claim under that
Settlement. And I request my said daughter-in-law to
accept this annuity in lieu of the said provision by her
marriage Settlement, and in consideration thereof, to
release my said Manor of Carrollton by a sufficient deed
from all claim on account of the annuity provided for
her as aforesaid by her marriage Settlement, so as to
leave my said Manor free and unincumbered to those to
whom I have already conveyed it after the termination
ol the life estate reserved to myself ; because the Sale of
it should they be inclined to sell it, might be injured by

Appendix C.

403

its remaining in any degree subject to this encumbrance ;
and as an equal sum is ~ecured to her by this my will,
she can lose nothing by the Release. And it is my will
that after the said annuity shall be raised and secured
out of the said Third, and after my said daughter-in-law
shall have by a good and sufficient Deed consented
to accept and receive the Annuity of Three thousand
dollars for her life, hereby provided for her in lieu and
discharge of the Annuity of Three thousand dollars pro-
vided for her by her marriage Settlement aforesaid, and
shall by such good and sufficient deed have released my
said Manor of Carrollton and other Lands in Frederick
County from all claim under, or by virtue of the said
marriage Settlement, and not before, all that remains of
it shall be divided equally by my Executors between my
Grandson Charles Carroll, and four Granddaughters, his
Sisters, or such of the whole five as shall be alive at the
time of my decease, and the children of such as may be
then dead ; giving to each, one equal part, and to the
children of any of them that may be then dead equally
among them, the part which tlieir parents respectively
would have taken if alive, and that in case of any part of
the saini Third being retained as a fund for producing
tht: s:"' ^ iiiuiity in whole or in part, such fund shall be
divided and disposed of iu the same manner when the
,s?id annuity shall cease. And if it should so happen
tha* at the time of my dece..". 'I my said five Grand-
dildren should be dead without leaving any children
or descendants I then will that all the afo»-esaid residue
of the said third shall go to my daughters, Mary Caton
and Catharine Harper share a.id share alike, and if either
or both of them should be th^n dead, their pa/ts respec-
tively shall go to *-heir c':iidren, to be equally divided
auiong thtm. 'v\ sich manner that the children of each

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404 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

shall take equally among them, the part that their mother
if alive would have taken. And as to the remaining two
thirds of all the general residue of my estate directed
above to be divided into three equal parts, I devise and
bequeath one of those thirds to my friends John Ma •
Tavish and Richard S. Steuart of the City of Baltimore,
and Lewis Neth of the City of Annapolis, and the sur-
vivors and survivor of them and to the Heirs, Executors,
and Administrators of such survivor during the life time
of my daughter Mary Caton, in trust for my said daughter
Mary Caton, during her life, for her sole and sepi-raie
use, free from the controul or power of her present 01 r i>v
future husband ; and to permit her, or any person whom
she may authorize to receive and take during her life, the
rents, profits, interest, income and dividends thereof for
her sole and separate use ; and to make and execute
from time to time during her life all such Sales, Convey-
ances, Leases, Transfers, and Assignments thereof or of
any part thereof, as she by v/riting under her hand shall
from time to time direct ; and the proceeds of all such
Sales, Conveyances, Leases, Transfers, and Assignments
from time to time to invest in such purchases of Stock,
Funds, Rents, or property of any kind, as she may by
writing under her hand direct from time to time to be
held by them, in their names in trust for her sole and
separate use as aforesaid during her life. And upon the
death of the said Mary Caton, I give, devise, and bequeath
the said one third of the general Residuum aforesaid
unto my Granddaughters, Mary Ann Patterson, Elizabeth
Caton, Louisa Catherine Hervey, and Emily MacTavish,
their Heirs, Executors and Administrators forever as ten-
ants in common, and if any one or more of my said Grand-
daughters shall die in my lifetime without issue, the share
that would have belonged to such Granddaughter in case

ill

Appendix C.

405

she had survived me, shall go and belong to the surviv-
ing sisters of such deceased Granddaughter and the issue
of such of them as shall have died leaving issue, such
issue to stand in the place, and have the share that would
have belonged to his, her, or their mother if she had then
been living. And as to all the remaining third part of
the general Residuum aforesaid, I give, devise and be-
queath the said one third of the general residuum afore-
said to my Grandchildren, Charles Carroll Harper, Emily
Harper, and Robert Goodloe Harper, their Heirs, Exec-
utors and Administrators as tenants in common. But if
my daughter Catharine Harper shall within six months
after my death, convey to my last mentioned Grandchil-
dren or their descendants in fee simple, all those parts
of the Manor of Carrollton heretofore conveyed by me
to the said Catharine Harper (the said Land to be con-
veyed to the said children or descendants of such of them
as may be dead, in such proportions, as at the time of
the making of the said deed, they shall be respectively
entitled in the said last mentioned one third of the gen-
eral Residuum aforesaid) then, as soon, as the said con-
veyance shall be duly made by the said Catharine Harper,
and the Title to the said Lands become legally and fully
vested in my said Grandchildren or their descendants in
manner aforesaid, I then and in that event give to my
daughter, her Heirs, Executors and Administrators the
said last mentioned one third of the general Residuum
aforesaid.

And whereas I have heretofore given to my Son and
daughters from time to time, and paid and advanced for
them "-oectively, sundry sums of money for their Settle-
ment, Establishment, and Advancement in life, and may
hereafter make further advances for them respectively
for the same purpose, all which sums so advanced are to

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406 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

be charged to them respectively, and whereas for the
better explaining of my will and intention in this respect,
I have raised accounts with my Grandson, Charles Car-
roll as the Administrator of his father, and with my
daughters respectively in a Book marked F. A. in which
I have charged and intend hereafter to charge each of
them respectively in their General Accounts with all such
sums as are to be considered as given towards the Estab-
lishme , Settlement, and Advancement in life of the
three B< " "i of my Family, and are consequently to be
carried to ' ,ir debit ; Now my will is, and I do hereby
bequeath, direct and devise that all sums charged in my
said Book marked F. A. against my Grandson Charles
Carroll as the Administrator of his father shall stand and
be debited in the division of the general Residuum of
my estate as a part of the one third of the said residuum
devised to my said Grandson and his four sisters, and shall
be allotted and accounted for as a part of their said one
third. And all sums charged against my daughter Mary
CaLon shall stand and be debited in the said division of
the general residuum as a part of the one third of the
said residuum devised in trust for my said daughter
Mary Caton for life with remainder to her four daughters
and shall be allotted and accounted for as a part of the
said one third, and all sums charged against my daughter
Catharine Harper shall stand and be debited in the said
division of the general residuum as a part of the one third
of the said residuum devised to her three children, and
shall be allotted and accounted for as a part of the said
one third, but neither of them shall be debited or charged
in the said division with any interest on the said sums so
advanced, or to be advanced to them, or on any of them,
nor with any sums heretofore allowed and paid to them
respectively by way of annuity or annual stipend for their

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heir

Appendix C.

407

support and maintenance or personal expcnccs, or with
any sums hereafter to be so allowed and i)aid to them
respectively for the same purposes.

And it is my will, and 1 do hereby further devise, be-
queath and direct that in any case my said daughters or
Grandchildren, or either of them should die in my life-
time, none of the f)rovisions hereby made for such of
them as may so die shall be considered as lai)scd or void
Devises or Legacies, but that the estates and Interests of
every kind hereby limited to take effect at their deaths
resjiectively, in case of their surviving me shall take
effect respectively at the time of my decease in case of
any of them dying before me, in the same manner in all
respects as if they had respectively survived me and then
died, and when no Estates or Interests are hereby limited
to take effect on the death of either of my Daughters, or
Grandchildren it is my will, and I do hereby further devise,
bequeath and direct that in case of the death of either or
both of my daughters or any of my Grandchildren, in my
lifetime, the property interest and estates of every kind
hereby devised or bequeathed by way of Trust or otherw! e
to each of them respectively so dying, shall at my decease
go to and be vested in the same persons, and for the
same interests and Estates therein respectively, and sub-
ject to the same conditions, powers and provisions in all
respects, who would have taken such property, interest
and estates, either by operation of Law or by virtue of
this my last will in case the daughter or (irandchild
so dying, had survived me and then died ; and I hereby
devise and bequeath the said Property Interest and
Estates accordingly to such persons, for such Interests
and Estates therein and subject to such conditions,
powers and provisions as are aforesaid respectively, ex-
cepting however, out of this clause of my will, those

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408 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

cases where there is an express limitation over, in case
of the death of a Devizee or Legatee in my Lifetime, pro-
vided such express limitation shall be to a different per-
son or persons from those designated in this clause of
my Will.

It is my will, and I direct that no In^'entory shall be
made or returned of my personal Estate, but, that my
Executors sign and file in the Orphans Court of the proper
County an Admission of Assets to pay all just demauds
against me ; and confidently relying on the friendly and
affectionate disposition of my children and Executors
towr 13 each other, I do earnestly recommend that if
any difference of opinion should arise among them touch-
ing Miis 1'y will, or in the execution or construction
thereof they will agree to refer it to the decision of some
common friend or friends, in preference to any legal
Controversy.

And as it is not my intention or expectation that the
Trustees appointed by my will, or the survivor of them,
or the Heirs, Executors, or Administrators of such sur-
vivor, shall have any labor or trouble, or incur any risk
or expense in the performance of the Trusts created by
my said Will, but that the various Devizees and legatees
shall and will take upon themselves all the business,
labour, trouble and expense of the affairs of my Estate ;
merely acting in the name, and with the permission and
sanction of the said Trustees when necessary ; I do
therefore for avoiding and preventing any doubt that
might hereafter arise on the subject of Commission or
Compensation to my said Trustees, or either of them,
or either of their Heirs, Executors or Administrators,
Declare and Direct that no Commission or Compensation
whatever shall be allowed or paid to my said Trustees or
either of them, or to the Heirs, Executors or Adminis-

Appendix C.

409

trators of the survivor of them for or on account of any
matter or thing to be done, directed or assented to by
them, or either, or any of them, in or about the affairs of
my Estate, or the Execution of the said Trusts, or either
or any of them, except the necessary expenses which they
or any of them may from time to time incur in and about
the said Trusts, or any of them ; which expenses I direct
to be paid, or borne by the persons respectively, for
whom or for whose benefit the acts giving rise to such
Expenses shall respectively be done.

Having already divided my Manor and Lands in Fred-
erick County among the different Branches of my family,
reserving to myself a Life Estate therein, and having
caused the said Lands (including my Manor of Carroll-
ton, and all the Lands which I hold adjoining it, or in
its vicinity) to be divided into twelve parts or Lots,
equal in quantity and value, by Peter Mantz, John H.
Simmons and Ignatius Davis, who by my direction have
made a plot of the said Lands and division, with an ac-
companying Table of Courses, all which I have approved,
and attested my approbation by signing the said Table
on the Eighth day of February One thousand, eight hun-
dred and twenty one, and having in further pursuance
of my plan in this respect, divided the parts by Lot
among the different Branches of my family, and executed
Conveyances to each of them for their several parts, re-
serving to myself a Life Estate in the whole, — One of
which Conveyances is to my daughter Catharine Harper
and her Heirs by way of Covenant to stand seized, bear-
ing date on the seventh day of February One Thousand
Eight Hundred and Twenty one, of and for Lots Num-
bers Six, Eight, Eleven and Twelve, and the small or
two acre Lots, Numbers Six, Eight, Eleven and Twelve
by metes and bounds, being one equal third part in

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4 1 o C/ia vies Carroll of Ca rrollton .

quantity and value of the said Manor and Lands ; One
other of which Conveyances is to Robert Patterson and
Mary Ann Patterson and the Survivor of them, and the
Heirs of such Survivor by way of Lease and Release
bearing date respectively on the sixth and seventh days
of February One Thousand, Eight hundred and twenty
one, and for Six hundred Acres of Land, part of the said
Manor by metes and bounds, and of and for Lot Num-
ber Nine, and the small or two acre Lot number nine,
also by metes and bounds being together one equal
Twelfth part of the whole of the su.d Manor and Lands
in quantity and value ; One other of which Conveyances
is to my Granddaughter Elizabetli Caton and her Heirs
by way of Covenant to stand seized bearing date on the
Seventh day of February One Thousand, Eight hundred
and twenty one, of and for Lot Number One, and the
small or two acre Lot Number One by metes and bounds,
being one equal Twelfth [)art of the said Manor and
Lands in quantity and value ; — One other of which Con-
veyances is to my Granddaughter, Louisa Catharine
Hervey, commonly called Lady Hervey, and her Heirs
by way of covenant to stand seized, bearing date on the
Seventh day of February One thousand. Eight hun-
dred and twenty one, of and for Lot number Two and
the small or two acre Lot number Two by metes and
bounds, being one equal Twelfth part of the said
Manor and Lands in quantity and value : — One other of
which Conveyances is to my Granddaughter Emily Mac-
Tavish and her Heirs by way of Covenant to stand
seized, bearing date on the Seventh day of February,
One thousand, Eight hundred and twenty one, of and
for Lot number Five, and the small or two acre Lot
number Five by metes and bounds, being one equal
Twelfth part of the said Manor and Lands in quan-

Appendix C.

411

tity and value ; which four twelfth parts last mentioned
are the portion of the snid Manor and Lands for-
merly destined for my daughter Mary Caton, and by
consent of her and her husljand tluis conveyed to her
said four Daughters in her stead ; One other of which
Conveyances is to my Granddaughter Mary Sophia Bay-
ard and her Heirs by way of Covenant to stand seized,
bearing dale on the Seventh day of February One thou-
sand, eight hundred and twenty one, of and for Lot
number Ten and the small or two acre Lot number Ten
by metes and bounds, l)eing one equal twelfth part in
quantity and value of the said Manor and Lands ; One
other of which Conveyances is to John Eager Howard
the younger, and Doctor William Howard both of Balti-
more, and the Survivor of them, and the Heirs of such
Survivor in Trust for my Granddaughter Elizabeth Chew
Carroll now Elizabeth Chew Tucker and her Heirs, sub-
ject to certain charges, of and for Lot number Three and
the small or two acre Lot number Three by metes and
bounds, being one equal Twelfth part in quantity and
value of all the said Manor and Lands by deeds of Lease
and Release bearing date respectively on the sixth and
seventh days of February one thousand eight hundred
and twenty one ; One other of which Conveyances is to
the said John Eager Howard the younger, and Doctor
William Howard and the Survivor of them, and the Heirs
of such Survivor in trust for my Granddaughter, Harriet
Carroll and her Heirs, subject to certain charges of and
for Lot number Four and the small or two acre Lot
number Four by metes and bounds being one equal
twelfth part in quantity and value of all the said Manor
and Lands by deeds of Lease and Release bearing date
respectively on the sixth and seventh days of February
one thousand, eight hundred and twenty one ; One other

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4 1 2 CJiarlcs Carroll of Carrollton,

of which Conveyances is to the said John Eager Howard
the younger, and Doctor William Howard, and the Sur-
vivor of them and the Heirs of such Survivor, in Trust
for my Granddaughter Louisa Catharine Carroll and her
Heirs subject to certain charges of and for Lot number
Seven, and the small or two acre Lot number Seven, by
metes and bounds being one equal Twelfth part in quan-
tity and value of all the said Manor and Lands by deeds
of Lease and Release, bearing dates respectively on the
sixth and seventh days of February one thousand, eight
hundred and twenty one ; and, as doubts may exist con-
cerning the validity and operation of the said Convey-
ances or some of them by reason of outstanding Estates
in Trustees in one undivided third heretofore conveyed
to my daughter Mary Caton and her Heirs and of vari-
ous contingent interests and limitations over of parts of
the said undivided third created by conveyances made
of parts of the said third by my said daughter and her
husband to some of their daughters ; all difficulty to
arise from which doubts, I am desirous of preventing by
devising to the same persons and their Heirs, any in-
terest in their respective parts that may remain in me at
the time of my decease ; I do therefore devise in man-
ner following ; that is to say. To my Daughter Catharine
Harper and her Heirs all the aforesaid Lots, Numbers
Six, Eight, Eleven and Twelve, and the small or two
acre Lots Numbers Six, Eight, Eleven and Twelve,
which are conveyed to her as aforesaid according to the
metes and bounds expressed in the said deed to her of
the seventh day of February, One thousand, Eight Hun-
dred and Twenty one ; and to the said Mary Ann Patter-
son, the survivor of the said Robert Patterson and her
Heirs, all the aforesaid Six hundred acres of Land and
Lots Numbers Nine which are conveyed to the said Mary

I I

« A

i^t

appendix C.

413

Ann and Robert as aforesaid, according to the several
metes and bounds thereof, expressed in the said deeds
of Lease and Release to them of the sixth and seventh
days of February, One tiiousand, eight hundred and
twenty one ; to my said Granddaughter Elizabeth Caton
and her Heirs, all the aforesaid Lol Number One, and
the small or two acre Lot Number one, which are con-
veyed to her as aforesaid according to the metes and
bounds expressed in the said deed to her bearing date on
the seventh day of February, One thousand eight hun-
dred and twenty one ; to my said Granddaughter Louisa
Catharine Hervey and her Heirs, all the aforesaid Lot
Number two, and the small or two acre Lot Number
Two, which are conveyed to her as aforesaid according
to the metes and bounds expressed in the said deed to
her, bearing date on the seventh day of February, One
thousand eight hundred and twenty one ; to my said
Granddaughter Emily MacTavish and her Heirs, all the
aforesaid Lot Number Five, and the small or two acre
Lot Number Five which are conveyed to her as aforesaid
according to the metes and bounds expressed in the said
deed to her, bearing date on the seventh day of February
one thousand eight hundred and twenty one ; To my
said Granddaughter Mary vSophia Bayard and her Heirs,
all the aforesaid Lot Number Ten and the small or
two acre Lot Number Ten which are conveyed to
her as aforesaid according to the metis rad bounds
expressed in the said deed to her, bearing date on the
Seventh day of February, One Thousand Eight hundred
and Twenty one ; and to the said Doctor William Howard
the Survivor of the said John Eager Howard the younger,
and his Heirs, all the aforesaid Lot Number Three, and
the small or two acre Lot Number Three which are con-
veyed to them as aforesaid in Trust for my said Grand-

'I ^1

!' (

i |.

4 1 4 Charles Carroll of Car roll ton.

*^.! '.:

, \

■^ \

•'•'»

I .

daughter Elizabeth Chew Carroll now Elizabeth C'hew
Tucker and her Heirs, and for other purposes, according
to the metes and bounds expressed in the said - 's of
Lease and Release thereof to them, bearing date .pect-
ively on the sixth and seventh days of I'Y'briiary, one
thousand eight hundred and twenty one ; which devise
is upon the same Trusts, and for the same intents and
purposes as are expressed in the deed of Release last
aforesaid ; and to the said Doctor William Howard, the
Survivor of the said John Eager Howard the younger,
and his Heirs, all the aforesaid Lot Number Four, and
the small or two acre l^ot Number Four, which was con-
veyed to them as aforesaid in Trust for my said Grand-
daughter Harriet Carroll and her Heirs, and for other
purposes, according to the metes and bounds exi ised
in the said deeds of Lease and Release thereof t 'm,
bearing date respectively on the Sixth and Seventh days
of February, One Thousand, Eight Hundred and Twenty
one, which devise is upon the same Trusts, and for the
same intents and purposes as are expressed in the deed
of Release last aforesaid ; and to the said Doctor
\Villiam Howard the Survivor of the said John Eager
Howard the younger and his Heirs all the aforesaid
Lot Number Seven, and the small or two acre Lot Num-
ber Seven which are conveyed to them as aforesaid in
Trust for ray said Granddaughter Louisa Catharine Car-
roll and her Heirs, and for other purposes, according to
the metes and bounds expressed in the said deeds of
L<ease and Release thereof to them, bearing date respec-
tively on the Sixth and Seventh days of February, One
Thousand, Eight hundred and Twenty one ; which De-
vise is upon the same Trusts, and for the same intents
and purposes as are expressed in the deed of Release
last aforesaid.

.\ I «

;h c:hew
:cordinp;
'" ^s of

;iry, one
h devise
jnts and
lease last
vard, the
younger,
'our, and
was con-
i Grand-
or other
xt ised

t Mil,

inth days
i Twenty
I for the
he deed
Doctor
1 Eager
foresaid
ot Num-
esaid in
ine Car-
rding to
leeds of
respec-
ry, One
lich De-
intents
Release

Appendix C.

415

And whereas I have Contracted, and may hereafter
contract for the Sale of sundry parcels and tracts of land,
to Conveyances of and for which the (Jontrac ting parties
will become Entitled on fuKiUing the conditions of Iheir
respective Contracts, which may not take place during
my life, I do hereby direct and empower my Executors
hereinafter named, and the survivors or survivor of them
to execute Conve}ances for and of all such Eands in
Fee simple or otherwise according to the respective ct)n-
tracts to the respective contracting p-arties, or those
claiming under them, on the fulfilment of the Conditions
of Sale by them respectively, and I do hereby Devise all
such Lands to my said Executors and to the Survivor of
them and the Heirs of such Survivor for the purpose of
better enabling them so to Convey.

1 have already paid for my Grandson Charles Carroll
a sum of money in order to prevent the Sale of Home
Wood, which belongs to him ; and may hereafter pay
other sums for his individual benefit ; and as it is not
just that the ])ortion of my Estate devised to his Sisters
should be charged with money paid for his exclusive
benefit, I hereby direct that all sums (except the annual
allowance for the su])port of himself and his family),
which shall be charged against him not as Administrator
in my said Book marked F. A., and which shall remain
open against him at the time of my decease, shall be
allotted and charged against him as a part of his share
of the one Third of the General Residuum devised to
him and his Sisters, and shall be accounted for out of
his part of the said one third.

I do hereby nominate, Constitute, and ai)point Robert
Oliver, Richard Caton, and John MacTavish, Executors
of this my last Will and Testament. But as the said
John MacTavish is not a Citizen of the United States,

II'

It'

1 f

4 1 6 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

ti'

^ A

and may therefore at the time of my death not be quali-
fied by Law to act as one of my Executors, I do therefore
(in case the said John MacTavish by reason of any legal
Impediment should • disqualified from acting as one of
my Executors), \ "eby substitute my Granddaughter,
Emily MacTavi?'. in the place of her husband, the said
John MacTavish, and in that case constitute and appoint
the said Emily MacTavish, Executrix, and the said Rob-
ert Oliver and Richard Caton, Executors, of this my last
Will and Testament. And I do further will and direct
that no Commission or Compensation whatsoever be al-
lowed on the Settlement of my Estate ; it being my ex-
press desire that no expense be incurred in the winding
up of the same, excepting such, as shall be just and
unavoidable.

I give to Mrs. Jane Shaw the sum of One Thousand
dollars provided she survives me.

My servant Bill has served me faithfully, and if he
survives me, I wish to make his latter years comfortable.
But at my death he may be over forty-five years of age,
and therefore, incapable of receiving a manumission.
If he should be over forty-five at the time of my death,
I request that, he may be released from service, and that
my Grandson, Charles Carroll, pay him an Annuity of
Fifty dollars a year, during his Life, and to permit him,
if he desires it, to reside on the Manor of Doughoregan.
If my said servant Bill should be under forty-five years
of age at the time of my death, I hereby manumit him,
and set him free at my death, and direct my said Grand-
son to pay him the above Annuity.

In witness whereof, I have to this my last Will and
Testament set and subscribed my Hand and Seal, this
second day of September, One Thousand, Eight hundred
and Twenty-five. Ch. Carroll of Carrollton.

[Seal]

be quali-
therefore
any legal
as one of
daughter,
, the said
i appoint
laid Rob-
s my last
id direct
rei be al-
g my ex-
winding
just and

'housand

nd if he
fortable.
s of age,
imission.
ly death,
and that
nuity of
mit him,
loregan.
ve years
mit him,
Grand-

Vill and
eal, this
luudred

LTON.

Appendix C. ^ly

Signed, Sealed, Published, and Declared by the Tes
tator as his last Will and Testament, in the presence of
us, who at his request, in his presence, and in the pres-
ence of each other, have subscribed our Names as
Witnesses thereto, the following interlineations and cor-
rections being first made, that is to say, the words %ach
of " being first inserted between the words •' of " and
"my " in the eighth line of the fifth page, the words
^^last mentioned four " between the words ''said "and
Granddaughters " in the fourth line from the bottom
of the seventh page, the words " Katy and " between
the words " and " and '' her " in the fifteenth line of the
tenth page, and the words " and Nelly and her children "
between the words "children" and "which" in the
following line of the same page ; the words " and the
house formerly occupied " in the sixteenth and seven-
teenth Imes of the sixteenth page being first expunged
and the words " and owned " at the commencement of
the fourth line from the bottom of the same page being
inserted ; the words " of her " in the ninth line of the
seventeenth page being also expunged as well as the
words "Two Thousand " in the fourth line of the eigh-
teenth page ; the words " and also all arrears of interest
on the said Sum of Five Thousand Dollars " being in-
serted between the words " Dollars " and " that " in the
fifth line from the bottom of the twenty-first page •
the words " and rent " between the words " notes " and
"shall " in the eleventh line of the twenty-third page •
the words " and with my Daughters respectively " be-
tween the words "father" and "in" in the fourth line
from the bottom of the thirty-fourth page, the words "as
a part of the one third of the said residuum " between
the words "residuum " and "devised " in the first line
""^ ^^voL^^/'Jj;'^^^^' P^S^ ' ^^^ ^^^ ^"^'^^ " now Elizabeth

I i

,i (

:'l f

4 1 8 CJiarles Carroll of Carrollton.

Chew Tucker " being also inserted between the third and
fourth lines from the bottom of the forty-seventh page,
and the same words again introduced between the sec-
ond and third lines of the fifty-fifth page ; the numerical
figures in red ink at the corners of the pages from forty-
five to fifty-eight inclusive being also Expunged.

Witnesses :

B. Taney,
ALLEN Thomas,
Geo. Howard,
Geo. Cook.

I, CHARLES CARROLL OF CARROLLTON, do
make this Codicil to my last Will and Testament.

ist. I give and devise to my Grandson, Charles Car-
roll, his Heirs and Assigns, all my Manor and Lands
situate in Anne Arundle County, called, or known by the
name of Doughoregan Manor, or Doughoregan Manor
enlarged, together with all my other Lands adjoining to
the said Tract or Tracts of land, or to either of them.
But, if my said Grandson, Charles Carroll, shall die with-
out leaving issue, Male, living at the time of his death,
or in ventre sa mere, then, I give and devise all of the
said Lands, from and after the death of the said Charles
Carroll to my daughters Mary Caton and Catharine
Harper and to all the daughters now born, or hereafter
to be born, of my said Grandson, Charles Carroll, their
Heirs and Assigns for ever, as Tenants in common, and
not as joint Tenants to be divided between them in the
following manner, The one third of all of the said Lands
above mentioned to my daughter Mary Caton, her Heirs
and Assigns. Another third part to my daughter Catha-
rine Harper, her Heirs and Assigns ; and the remaining
third part to all the daughters of my said Grandson now

'.M

Appendix C.

419

lird and
h page,
the sec-
merical
n forty-

)MAS,
lRD.

ON, do

les Car-

l Lands

a by the

Manor

ining to

)f them.

lie with-

death,

of the

Charles

atharine

ereafter

1, their

on, and

n in the

1 Lands

r Heirs

Catha-

Tiaining

on now

born, or hereafter to be born, their Heirs and Assigns
for ever, equally to be divided between them as Tenants
in common,

2d. In my Will I have devised to my daughter Catha-
rine Harper, Five thousand Eight hundred and Ninety-
Seven Acres of land in Pennsylvania, being an undivided
part of Twenty-seven thousand Six Hundred and Ninety-
one Acres, and also certain Houses and Lots fronting on
Gay street in the City of Baltimore, — Now, I do by this
Codocil give and devise the said Five thousand Eight
Hundred and Ninety-Seveii Acres of land and the said
Houses and Lots fronting on Gay Street, in the City of
Baltimore, to my three Grandchildren, Charles C. Har-
per, Emily Harper, and Robert Harper, their Heirs and
Assigns, for ever, to be equally divided between them as
Tenants in Common.

3d. In my said Will I have devised and bequeathed
sundry Lots and Rents in the City of Baltimore, together
with the plate, household and kitchen furniture which
may be commonly used or employed in or about the
House in which my Son-in-Law, Richard Caton, resides
in the City of Baltimore, or at th^ Farm in Baltimore
County, called Brookland Wood at the time of my death,
and also all the Slaves commonly employed in or at, and
about the said House or Farm at the time of my death
to my friends John MacTavish, Richard Steuart, and
Lewis Neth, in trust for the separate use of my Daughter
Mary Caton during her life, and after her death for the
use of the said Richard Caton during his life, and after
his death to their four daughters, Mary (now Marchioness
of Wellesly), Elizabeth Caton, Louisa, and Emily, their
Heirs and Assigns for ever, as by the said Will, reference
being thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear.
Now I do hereby revoke so much of the said clause

420 CJiarles Carroll of Carrollton,

^.j' I'M

^h iki

{M^

above mentioned in my Will as directs that the said
property so devised or bequeathed, should be for the
use of my Son-in-Lavv, Richard Caton, for and during
his life, in case he should survive his wife, Mary Caton.
And, I will and direct that, all the Rents, Lots, Slaves,
Plate, Household, and Kitchen furniture, and property
mentioned, and devised or bequeathed by the aforesaid
Clause of my Will, shall upon the death of my daughter
Mary Caton, be conveyed and transferred by my said
Trustees to my four Granddaughters, Mary (Marchioness
of Wellesly), Elizabeth Caton, Louisa, now Lady Hervey,
and Emily MacTavish, to them, their Heirs, Executors,
Administrators, and Assigns as Tenants in Common.

4th. I give and devise to my friends, John MacTavish,
Doctor Richard Steuart, and Lewis Neth, and to the Sur-
vivors and Survivor of them and to the Heirs of such
Survivor, all my Lots and Rents in the Village of Caton-
ville in Baltimore County, and all my right, title, and
interest in, to, or out of the said Lots, in trust for the
separate use of my daughter Mary Caton during her
natural life, free from the controul of her husband, and
from and after the death of the said Mary Caton for the
use of her fcu^ daughters Mary, Elizabeth, Louisa, and
Emily, their Heirs and Assigns for ever, in equal propor-
tions as tenants in Common.

5th. I give and bequeath to my Granddaughter Emily
MacTavish the one half of the Negroes and the one
half of all the other personal property belonging to me,
which may be on the farm called the Folly, part of
Doughoregan Manor, at the time of my death ; but, this
Bequest is not intended to embrace those Slaves on the
said farm which formerly belonged to my Son, Charles
Carroll.

6th. I give and bequeath to my Granddaughter

t I ='!l

I' •

Appendix C. 421

Emily MacTavish, the following Negroes that is to say
Nancy (Gardener Harry's daughter), and her children,
and Basil her husband— also Rachel Hart and her chil-
dren and increase, William, (Charlotfs son), Adolphus,
Beales son), Susan, ( Fitia's daughter), and Julie, (Mil-
ley's daughter), and also all the children of the above-
mentioned female Slaves which may be born after the
date of this Codocil and before my death.

7th. I give, to my four Grand-daughters, Mary, (Mar-
chioness of Wellesley), Elizabeth Caton, Louisa (Lady
Hervey), and Emily McTavish to be equally divided
between them as Tennants in Common, the following
Slaves, some of whom at the date of this my Codocil are
learning the several Trades annexed to their Name^-
that is to say, Paul, (Beal's son) Blacksmith ; James'
(Harry's son) Ploughmaker ; William, (Toney's son)
Stone Mason ; Sally, (Charles' daughter) at Gibbons's •
Moses, (Joe's son) Wheelwright ; Robert, a Shoemaker ;'
Kitty, (Ben's daughter) at this time at the Farm called
Brookland Wood, and Ellen, (Harry Hart's daughter)
who is also at Brookland.

And it is my Will, and 1 do hereby direct that, if any
of the Slaves mentioned in the two last preceding Clauses
of this Codocil, that is to say in the sixth and seventh
Clauses of this Codocil, shall be at Doughoregan Manor
at the time of my death, they shall not be reckoned
among the Slaves to be distributed in Uie manner men-
tioned in my Will, nor shall the Slaves bequeathed to
my Grand-daughters, or either of them in the said two
Clauses of this Codocil be considered as a part of the
one third of the Slaves on Doughoregan Manor be-
queathed in my Will to my four last mentioned Grand-
daughters to be equally divided between them.

8th. I bequeath to my Grand-daughter Emily McTav-

■M.

\t\

t \ jf I

422 Charles Carroll of Car rollton.

1 \

.ffj, ,

1 r ' k. 1 BS 'I;

ish the one half of all the Tobacco, Corn, and Wheat
which shall be on Doughoregan Manor and belong to me
at the time of my death, and which at that time shall not
have been sold, or contracted to be sold ; excepting from
this bequest what may be due from Tenants. In this be-
quest I mean to include the tobacco, Corn, and Wheat
growing, or remaining on the ground, and also that which
may be secured in Houses, Barnes, or otherwise, at the
time of my death. I also give to the said Emily McTav-
ish the one half of the plate and household furniture
which shall belong to my dwelling House on Doughore-
gan Manor at the time of my death. The other half of
the said Tobacco, Corn, and Wheat, plate and household
furniture, and all rents due at the time of my death to
remain to my Grandson Charles Carroll.

9th, I bequeath to my Grand-daughter Elizabeth Caton
Ten thousand Dollars ; and also to my Grand-daughter
Louisa (Lady Hervey) Ten Thousand Dollars. And I
hereby direct that the said Two Legacies, amounting to-
gether to Twenty Thousand Dollars, be taken out of the
one third of the General Residuum of my Estate devised
and bequeathed in my aforesaid Will in trust for my
daughter Mary Caton for life, and after her death to her
four daughters. The said Sum of Twenty Thousand
Dollars is to be reckoned and accounted as a part of the
said last mentioned one third of the general residuum of
my Estate in the division thereof, and the other two
thirds of the said general residuum are not to be dimin-
ished by reason of the said two Legacies.

loth. It is my Will and intention that all property real
and personal of every kind and description devised or
bequeathed to my Grand-daughters, or to any, or to
either of them, by my aforesaid Will, or by this Codocil,
and all the Estate, interest, property and money to wii'rh

ty real
Ised or
or to
odocil,

Appendix C.

423

my Grand-daughters, or any, or either of them may here-
after become Entitled under or by virtue of my said Will,
or this Codocil, shall be free from the Control of their
respective husbands, and in order more effectually to ac-
complish this purpose I hereby devise and bequeath to
my friends John McTavish, Doctor Richard Steuart, and
Lewis Neth all the property, Estate and estates, interest
and interests, share and shares, proportion and propor-
tions, money and legacies, which by my said Will or this
Codocil I have before given to my Grand-daughters, or
to any, or to either of them in possession or remainder,
or to which my said Grand-daughters or any, or either
of them may become entitled in any manner under and
by virtue of my said Will, or this Codocil, in trust that
they the said John McTavish, Doctor Richard Steuart
and Lewis Neth, and the Survivors and Survivor of them,
will by proper Deeds and Instruments of writing secure
the same, and every part and parcel thereof to the sepa-
rate use of my Grand-daughters and of each and every
of them according to their several proportions and inter-
ests as specified and mentioned in my said Will, or in
this Codocil, And in such manner that my said Grand-
daughters and each and every of them may at all times
hold their said respective interests free from the Controul
of their present or future husbands, and be able and ca-
pable notwithstanding their Coverture to use or dispose
of the same and every part and parcel thereof by deed.
Will, or otherwise, as absolutely and freely as if they were
sole and unmarried.

nth. In my aforesaid v\iU^ I have devised and be-
queathed to the Most Reverend Ambrose Marechal
Arch-Bishop of Baltimore certain real and personal
property particularly mentioned in my said Will, I hereby
revoke and annul all the devises and bequests made to

i i

I ' I '^

:i]

Li • 1

1 >

424 Charles: Carroll of Car roUto7i,

him in my said Will, and declare the same and every
part and parcel thereof, and the uses and privileges con-
nected therewith to be annulled and revoked. — And, I
hereby bequeath to the Most Reverend Ambrose Mare-
chal the sum of Three Thousand Dollars.

1 2th. I hereby revoke and annul so much of my afore-
said last Will and Testament as may be inconsistent with
this Codocil, and in all other respects ratify and Confirm
the said Will.

In Testimony Whereof, I have hereunto set my Hand
and affixed my Seal this fifth day of February in the year
of our Lord One Thousand Eight hundred and Twenty
Seven.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

[Seal]
Signed, Sealed, Published and Declared by the above
named Charles Carroll of Carrollton the Testator therein
mentioned, as and for a Codocil to his Last Will and
Testament, in the Presence of us, who, at his request, in
his presence, and in the presence of each other, have sub-
scribed our Names as Witnesses thereto.

RoswELL L. Colt.
John Thomas.
R. B. Taney.

I, CHARLES CARROLL, OF CARROLLTON, do

make this my second Codocil to my last Will and Testa-
ment. In my first Codocil, I have devised to my Grand-
son Charles Carroll, his heirs and assigns, all my Lands
called Doughoregan Manor, or Doughoregan Manor
Enlarged, with all my lands adjoining the said tract or
either of them, and in the event of his dying without
issue male, living at the time of his death, or in ventre sa
mere, I have by the same Codocil, devised over the same

Appendix C.

425

^ ij

d every
;es con-
-And, I
e Mare-

y afore-
snt with
Confirm

ly Hand
the year
Twenty

LTON.

al]

e above
r therein
Vill and
auest, in
ave sub-

LT.

ON, do

Testa-
Grand-
Lands
Manor
tract or
without
ntre sa
le same

lands, among the families of my said Grandson, and my
two daughters : as by the said Codocil appears.

It has always been my desire to secure the said lands to
the male branch of my family as long as the laws of this
State will permit ; and as my said Grandson has at this
time two sons, I have determined to change the dis^josi-
tion heretofore made of these lands, find do now devise
as follows :

I give and devise all my lands called Doughoregan
Manor, and all my lands called Doughoregan Manor
Enlarged, and all my lands adjoining the said tracts of
land or either of them, to my grandson Charles Carroll,
to hold to him during his natural life ; and from and
after his decease, 1 give and devise all the said lands to
my great-grandson Charles Carroll, eldest son of my
said grandson, for and during the term of his natural
life : and from and after the decease of my said great-
grandson Charles Carroll, to remain to the first son of
my said great-grandson, and the heirs male of the body
of such first son lawfully issuing ; and for default of such
issue, then to the second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth,
and all and every other sons of my said great-grand-
son Charles Carroll, to be lawfully begotten, and to
the heirs male of their bodies, respectively the elder
of such son or sons, and the heirs male of his body
lawfully issuing, always to be preferred and to take
before the younger of such sons, and the heirs male of
his body : — and in default of such issue, then I give the
said lands to my great-grandson Thomas Lee Carroll,
second son of my said grandson, for and during the term
of his natural life ; and after his decease, to remain to
his issue, in tail, male, in such manner as I have limited
the same to my great-grandson Charles Carroll ; and his
issue male : — and in default of such issue then to the

'' i il

!: im

426 Charles Carroll of Carrollton,

third son of my grandson Charles Carroll ; and to the
heirs male of the body of such third son, lawfully be-
gotten ; and for default of such issue, then to the fourth,
fifth and sixth, and all and every other sons of my said
grandson Charles Carroll, lawfully begotten, and to the
heirs male of their respective bodies : — the elder of such
son or sons, and the heirs male of his body, lawfully be-
gotten, always to be preferred, and to take before the
younger of such sons and the heirs male of his body :
and in default of such issue, then, the one undivided
third part of the said lands to remain to the right heirs
of my said grandson Charles Carroll forever. One other
undivided third part, to my daughter Mary Caton her
heirs and assigns ; and the remaining third part to my
daughter Catharine Harper her heirs and assigns.

In my Will, I have given to my daughter Mary Caton,
certain lots in the City of Annapolis, and among them,
my lot adjoining my former dwelling house, upon which
my Coach-house stands : I hereby declare that in that
devise I intended to give all of the ground to the waters
edge, as a part of the said lot, and direct that the said
devise shall be so construed and understood. And it is
my Will that all of the property real and personal, devised
and bequeathed to the trustees mentioned in my Will and
Codocil, upon certain trusts therein mentioned shall be
and remain subject to the said trusts, not only in the
hands of the said trustees, but in the hands of the survi-
vors and survivor of them, and the heirs. Executors and
Administrators of the survivor.

In my book of family accounts marked F. A. I have
caused the accounts of my advances, made to the family
of my deceased son, and of my two daughters, to be care-
fully revised, and balanced to the twentieth day of No-
vember Eighteen hundred and twenty-nine ; and I have

I i-

Appendix C.

427

•i

d to the
fully be-
e fourth,

my said
d to the

of such
fully be-
ifore the
s body :
n divided
^ht heirs
'ne other
aton her
rt to my

y Caton,

ng them,

n which

in that

e waters

the said

^nd it is

devised

Will and

shall be

in the

le survi-

ors and

, I have

i family

)e care-

of No-

I have

ascertained that up to that day, I have advanced to the
family of my daughter, Mary Caton, Fifty-four thousand
three hundred and thirty-two dollars and ninety-two
cents ; to the family of my deceased son Charles Carroll,
one hundred and seven thousand, four hundred and fifty-
one Dollars and sixty-seven cents ; and to the family of my
Daughter Catharine Harper, one hundred and four
thousand, three hundred and five Dollars and fifty-three
cents : and I do hereby ratify and confirm the balances
so struck in my said book marked F. A. and declare the
sums above mentioned to be the amount advanced to the
respective families of my three children to the twentieth
day of November in the year eighteen hundred and
twenty-nine : which said several advances are to be ac-
counted for, and allowed in the distribution of the
general residuum of my Estate, in the manner directed
in my Will. The sums of money charged against my
grandsons Charles Carroll, and Charles C'arroU Harper,
as Administrators of their respective fathers are included
in the balances above mentioned, and are not to be
charged to my said two grandsons individually, but to be
allowed as a charge against their respective families, and
form a part of the general balance herein before men-
tioned : and the sums charged to my grandson Charles
Carroll Harper individually are to be allowed as a charge
against the share of the residuum of my Estate bequeathed
to him and his brother and sister, and are not to be de-
ducted from his proportion of that share in the division
thereof, — between him and his brother and sister.

In my Will, I have given, among other things, One
third of my Slaves on Doughoregan Manor (except those
on that part of the Manor, called the Folly), to the four
daughters of my daughter Mary Caton. 1 hereby revoke
so much of the said bequest as relates to the said one

428 Cha rlcs Ca rroll of Ca rrolltoyi.

\ ,ir

third of the said Slaves so given to the children of my
daughter Mary Caton, and I do hereby give and be-
queath the said one third to my granddaughter Emily
MacTavish.

I transferred to my granddaughter Emily MacTavish,
Two hundred Shares of Stock in the Bank of the United
States, in the month of November last. The said shares
were transferred to her as a gift, and I do hereby ratify
and confirm it.

The sums charged in my book marked F. A. advanced,
or to be advanced for the education of my great-grand-
son Charles Carroll MacTavish, are not to be charged
against any bequest made to his mother or father, in my
Will or Codocils.

I hereby direct my Executors to pay to A. Brown and
Sons, five hundred pounds Sterling, which they the said
A. Brown and Sons, have loaned to my granddaughter,
Elizabeth Caton, and the payment of which I have guar-
anteed to them ; Which said sum so to be paid I intend
as a gift to my said granddaughter, and hereby so de-
clare it.

I direct that Julia, the mother of my servant Bill, shall
be allowed to live on Doughoregan Manor, during her
life, and be provided for and supported by my grandson
Charles Carroll.

I hereby revoke so much of my said Will and first
Codocil, as may be inconsistent with the directions "''
bequests contained in this my second Code ' » 'fying in
all other respects my said Will and first ^il.

In testimony whereof, I have herei. > set my hand
and affixed my seal, on this fifth day of Janua' v in the
year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty.

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

[Seal]

lS<^ I

Appendix C,

429

1 of my
and be-
r Emily

cTavish,
: United
d shares
by ratify

Ivanced,

it-grand-

charged

;r, in my

own and
the said
laughter,
ive guar-
I intend
y so de-
Jill, shall
ring her
randson

uid first

|fying in

ly hana
in the

.TON.

Signed, sealed, published, and declared by the above
mentioned testator, as and for his second Codicil to his
last Will and Testament, in the presence of us, who, at
his request, in his i)resence, and in the presence of each
other, have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto.

R. B. Taney,
Matt^' Bathurst,
R. W. Fisher.

Whereas I Charles Carroll of Carrollton, of
Baltimore City in the State of Maryland, have hereto-
fore made and duly executed my last will and testament,
in writing, bearing date on the second day of September,
in the year Eighteen hundred and twenty-five, and since
the Execution thereof have annexed sundry Codocils
thereto : and whereas since the execution of my said last
will and testament, I have also made sundry dispositions
of portions of my Estate, real, personal and mixed, and
have done various acts affecting the same, which disposi-
tions and acts are not mentioned in my said last will and
testament, or in any of the Codocils thereto : and whereas
it is my anxious desire that the property which I may die
possessed of, or which I may heretofore have disposed of,
or in any way affected by any act of mine, or any part
thereof, — may not become after my death, a subject of
litigation among my heirs or devisees ; but that the dis-
position which I have made of the same, or any part of
it, by deed, last will and testament and the Codocils
thereto, or otherwise, may remain without impeachment,
by any person, or persons, claiming or to claim, in any
manner, by from or under me, as heirs devisees or other-
wise. I do therefore make this my Codocil, which I will
and direct shall be taken and held as a part of my said
will and testament in manner and form following ; that

III

\ \\

5 I ^

N-i

■P .t :

430 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

is to say, — 1 do declare it to be my will and intention,
that if any person or persons, claiming, or to claim, any
interest or estate whatever, by from or under my last will
and Testament, and the codocils thereto, or from or un-
der any other act or deed of mine bearing my signature,
or the heirs of such person, or persons, or any of them,
shall directly or indirectly, attempt by suit in law or in
Equity, or in any other manner, to set aside, alter, im-
pair, disturb or interfere with, any disposition, which I
have heretofore made of my said property or any part
thereof, by last will and testament and the Codocils
thereto, by deed, by writing bearing my signature or
otherwise, or who shall not stand to or abide by the
same ; according to the true intent and meaning thereof ;
that then and from the time of such attempt, such per-
son or persons so making, or causing to be made the
same, shall forfeit and be deprived of all devise, bequest,
legacy, estate or interest, made or created in his, her or
their favor, in and by my said last will and testament,
and the Codocils thereto ; and the property or estate
real personal or mixed, so forfeited, shall immediately
vest in the Executors of my said last will and testament,
and the survivors of them, and the heirs of such sur-
vivor, with full power to sue for and recover the same,
should the person or persons so forfeiting refuse the
peaceable delivery thereof ; and my said Executors and
the survivor of them and the heirs of such survivor, shall
hold the property so forfeited as aforesaid, in Trust, for
the children of the persons so forfeiting, the revenue ac-
cruing on the estate so forfeited, to be applied in the dis-
cretion of my said Executors, and the survivor of them,
to the maintainance and education of such children, in-
vesting the surplus revenue, if any, in such manner as
my said Executors, and the survivor of thera may deem

HMi

Appendix C.

431

best, until the death of the person or persons so forfeit-
ing as aforesaid, when and not before, the property so
forfeited, together with the increase thereof, shall be
transferred to such child or children in the manner indi-
cated by my said last will and testament ; or in the ab-
sence of such indication in the proportions prescribed by
the laws of Maryland, with regard to the distribution of
intestates Estates ; and if the person or persons so for-
feiting as aforesaid shall have no children at the time of
such forfeiture, then my said Executors and the survivor
of them and the heirs of such survivor shall within one
year after the forfeiture aforesaid, or whenever they
shall receive the same, distribute the property so for-
feited among my heirs at law, according to the legal dis-
tribution of the Estates of Intestates.

In testimony whereof, I have hereto set my hand, and
affixed my seal, this eighteenth day of November in the
year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirtv-
one. ^

Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

[Seal]
Signed sealed published and declared by Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton, the above named Testator as and for
a Codocil to his last Will in the presence of us, who at
his request in his presence, and in the presence of each
other have subscribed our names as witnesses thereto.

Matt"^ Bathurst
John White
Rob"^ Barry

i '■:

i« f.

■WMfWINifM

I i'l

y \

,«^ m

'1 V

P' t

'i »'J-. ..f ,

ii'"'

t I

if'.l '.4 ''It"''

APPENDIX D.
GENEALOGICAL NOTES-CARROLL FAMILY.

EXTRACTS from original MS. of the pedigree of the
Carroll family, Doughoregan Manor ; confirmed
collaterally by the official genealogy in the " Linea An-
tiqua " in Dublin Castle. (See chart.)

"the origiual of the foregoing genealogies of the
O'Carrolls was brought by Charles Carroll into Maryland
in a little Irish MS. book which he strictly charged his
wife to deliver to me, his son Charles, and which when
I was at Paris in the year, 1757, I got translated into
English, as will appear by the Irish and English, in op-
posite pages, from page i to page 65 ; the original little
Irish MS. book being still in my possession. The above
Charles was second son of Daniel Carroll, Esq., of Litter-
luna, in the King's County, in Ireland. In some meas-
ure to corroborate the authenticity of the foregoing
genealogies, the following are here added, which were
lately transmitted to me from Ireland, viz. : Anno. 1765,
by Anthony Carroll, son of Daniel, son of Anthony Car-
roll, of Lisheenboy, in the county of Tipperary, which
Anthony of Lisheenboy was elder brother to Chicles,
the first settler in Maryland, and it likewise evidences
the faithfulness of the foregoing translation." (Here
follows an authentic and exact genealogy of the family
°^ * vo\?l^f """"' ""^ ^^"^'" ^"^ Adamstown-Litterluna

433

5 ^

I ■}

1^'

■fl '

' '^ !'■

-^1 !

434 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

and Cadamstown, or Baile-mic-Adam — in the King's
County Kingdom of Ireland).

The above is given as quoted in " Stemmata Carroll-
ana^ being the true version of the Pedigree of Carroll of
Carrollton and correcting that erroneously traced by Sir
William Betham, late Ulster King-of-arms." [See chart.]

Charles Carroll of Carrollton no doubt brought over
for his father, this genealogy furnished by Anthony
Carroll, on his return to America in 1765. It will be
seen that Anthony Carroll is here spoken of by Charles
Carroll of Annapolis as son of Daniel, son of Anthony
Carroll of Lisheenboy, County of Tipperary. By refer-
ring to the genealogy given by Anthony, it is found that
Anthony of Lisheenboy, son of Daniel, had beside his eld-
est son, Daniel, three other sons, Michael, James, and
Charles. According to the chart given in this book, James
was a Captain in Lord Dongan's Regiment of Dragoons,
from whom descend Carrolls of Dublin and New York.
Who then was James Carroll of Ann Arundel, Maryland,
apparently from Tipperary County, Ireland, who made
his will in 1728 ? (See Appendix.) He was undoubtedly
a relative of Charles Carroll, brother of Anthony of
Lisheenboy. (See his will and will of Charles Carroll
the Immigrant.) James mentions in his will two brothers,
Daniel and Michael ; he does not mention any brother
Charles. But Charles, son of Anthony of Lisheenboy,
died in 1724, therefore, of course, would not be men-
tioned in his brother's will. James makes Anthony Car-
roll, only son of his brother Daniel, his heir-at-law, and
apparently was himself unmarried and childless.

Anthony Carroll, grandson of Anthony of Lisheenboy,
speaks in his letters to Charles Carroll of Annapolis, of
his uncle Michael, who died in 1762. He mentions no
brothers of his own and was apparently an only son. His
mother and sisters were living in 1763 as were children

I )

Appendix D.

435

e King's

Carroll-
^arroU of
sd by Sir
;e chart.]
ight over
Anthony
X will be
' Charles
Anthony
By refer-
und that
e his eld-
mes, and
)k, James
)ragoons,
ew York,
laryland,
ho made
oubtedly
:hony of
s Carroll
brothers,
brother
eenboy,
De men-
Dny Car-
aw, and

eenboy,
polis, of
ions no
Dn. His
children

of Michael. In James Carroll's will, he speaks of his
nephews, sons of his brother Michael, James, Uominick,
Anthony and Daniel, This Anthony may have been the
Anthony Carroll mentioned as one of the witnesses to
James Carroll's Will.

In the Will of John Carroll of Ann Arundel County
May ist 1720, (Register of Wills office, Annapolis), both
*' Mr. James Carroll of Ann Arundel County " and " Mr.
Dominick Carroll of Ann Arundel County, son of
Michael Carroll of the Kingdom of Ireland, gentleman,"
are mentioned. Were not Dominick and his brothers the
sons of Anthony's " uncle Michael ? " Of these Carrolls,
the descendants alone of Dominick have been traced, if
we may assume that the latter is identical with Dominick
Carroll of Cecil County, who married Mary, daughter

of Major Nicholas Sewall, widow of Lowe, Sept. 3rd

1725. She married thirdly William Frisby, and fourthly
a gentleman named Baldwin. (Chancery suits. Land
office.) Dominick and Mary Carroll had five daughters,
Mary, Julian, or Julianna, Eleanor, Susanna and Anasta-
sia. Mary born April 15th 1727 married Captain Michael
Earle of Swan Harbor, and died childless, 1787. Julian-
na, born Jan. 3rd 1729, married Edward Tilghman 25th
April 1759. Eleanor, born 23rd of March 1730, married
James Earle. Susanna born 30th of June 1733. (Han-
son's " Old Kent," and G. G. Eaton, genealogist, Wash-
ington.)

James Carroll, living in Somerset County in the ist
half of the i8th century may have been the son of
Michael Carroll, and brother of Dominick. He mar-
ried Eleanor Van Swearingen, daughter of Garrett Van
Swearingen of Holland, and his second wife Mary Smith
of St. Mary's county, where Van Swearingen was then
living. Garrett Van Swearingen emigrated from Holland
to Deleware 1656, and from Delaware to Maryland about

i< a

' f

/''IMP

I) !
•ii

436 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

1669. (Judge H. N. Goldsborougb, and "The Tiernan
Family in Maryland.") The son of James Carroll and
Eleanor Van Swearingen, Henry James Carroll, married
a Miss King of Somerset County, and they were the
parents of Thomas King Carroll, Governor of Maryland,
1830.

Joanna Carroll, sister of James, Daniel and Michael
Carroll married Richard Croxall, and though the Croxall
name is nearly extinct, many of the descendants of Jo-
anna Carroll Croxall are living, and are socially prom-
inent at the present day. Among them may be
mentioned the artist R. Le Grand Johnston, Wash-
ington D. C. and Mrs. Fielder C. Slingluff of Baltimore,
Maryland.

CHILDREN OF RICHARD AND JOANNA ' CARROLL

CROXALL,

Richard *" Croxall of " Garrison Forest," m. Eleanor
Buchanan. She d. Feb. 12 1805, aged 74; Charles'
Croxall m. July 23, 1746, Rebecca, daughter of John
Moale. They had a son Richard ^ lost at sea, 1782, aged
24 ; James Carroll" Croxall, d. y. Oct. 17, 1748 ; Rachel'
Croxall, m. Richard Carroll of " Mount Dillon ; " Mary'
Croxall m. Nathaniel Rumney, d. Oct. 1754 ; daughter '
d. y. daughter,'' m. Howard.

CHILDREN OF RICHARD CARROLL OF " MOUNT DILLON**
AND RACHAEL' croxall.

Richard ' Carroll, m. Judith Carter Armistead of
"Hesse," Virginia, widow ist of Richard Moale, 2nd
of Robert Riddell ; Margaret' Carroll, m. ist — McMe-

chen, m. 2nd Harvey, had a son Carroll * Harvey ;

Fanny * Carroll, m. Dr. Martin of Virginia. (Croxall
Family Bible).

4i-

V!:

le Tiernan
]!arroll and
>11, married
' were the
Maryland,

d Michael
the Croxall
ants of Jo-
ally prom-
1 may be
on, Wash-
Baltimore,

lRROLL

n. Eleanor
; Charles »
r of John
1782, aged
: Rachel'
; " Mary »
daughter '

DILLON

listead of
[oale, 2nd
:— McMe-

Harvey ;

(Croxall

Appendix D.

437

THE CARROLLS OF " DOUGIIOREGAN MANOR," AND " DUD-

DINGTON MANOR," USUALLY CALLED THE CARROLLS

OF CARROLLTON.

I. Daniel ' Carroll of Hitterluna, King's County Ire-
land, m.— . He had two sons who left issue, Anthony " of
Lisheenboy, Co. Tipperary, b— ; and Charles,' b. 1660
emigrated to Maryland, d. July ist, 1720. Anthony,'
will proved 1724, had four sons, Daniel," Michael'
James, ' Charles.' Daniel ' had son Anthony,* and dau^h '
ters, two o. more, who were living, with their moth°er
in 1763. Michael,' d. 1762, had children living in 176,'
James,' a captain in Lord Dongan's Regiment of Dra-
goons, at the Boyne. Charles,' will proved 1724.

II. Charles ' Carroll arrived in Maryland the ist day
of October, 1688. He married Martha UnderNvood
November 4th 1689. She died, November, 1690. Charles'
and Martha Underwood Carroll had Anthony ', d inf
Charles Carroll m. 2d Mary Darnall, February 14'
1693. She died February, 1742. Charles' and Mary
Darnall Carroll had Charles ', b. April 27, 1695 d. April
30 ; Charles ' b. March 6, 1696, d. same day ; Henry ' b
January 26, 1697, d. April lo, 1719 ; Elianor \ b. March
26, 1699, d. i8th September, following ; Bridget ' b
September i, 1700, d. same day; Charles ' Carroll of
Annapolis, b. April 2, 1702, d. 1781 ; Anthony,' b. Novem-
ber 2, d. December, 1705; Daniel,' of *' Duddington "
b. October 3, 1707, d. April 15, 1734 ; Mary,' b. June 3
1711; Ehanor,' b. August 2, 1712, "at Woodcott in Surry
m old England." She died April 26, 1734. [The dates
of the births of children of Charles' Carroll have been
copied from the fly-leavesof his Latin Prayer Book where
they are entered more fully than here given].

III. Charles ' Carroll of Annapolis and " Doughore-

:i :"y

1 ' }

438 Charles Carroll of Carrolltojt.

gan Manor," m. Elizabeth, daughter of Clement and
Jane Sewall Brooke. She was born May 17, 1709, died
March 12, 176 1.

IV. Charles * Carroll of Carrollton, only child of
Charles' and Elizabeth Brooke Carroll was b. September
8 (old style) 1737, d. Nov. 14, 1732. He m. Mary
Darnall June 5, 1768. She was born March 19, 1749.
The children of Charles * Carroll of CaroUton and Mary
Darnall Carroll were

V. Elizabeth ' b. 1769; Mary,* b. September 2, X770,
m. Richard Caton, son of Joseph Caton of Liverpool,
England, November, 1786 ; Louisa Rachel, b. 1772 ;
Charles' Carroll of " Homewood," b. March 2, 1775;
Anne Brooke,* b. 1776 ; Catherine,* b. December 18,
1778 ; m. Robert Goodloe Harper ; Eliza,* b. 1780, d.

1783.

VI. The children of Richard and Mary* Carroll
Caton were Mary,' m. ist Robert Patterson, m. 2d.
the Marquis of Wellesley, d. s. p. 1853 ; Elizabeth,'
m. Baron Stafford, d. s. p. Oct. 29, 1862 ; Louisa
Katherine,* ra. ist. Col. Sir Felton Bathurst Hervey, m.
2d Francis Osborne, seventh Duke of Leeds, d. s. p.,
April 8, 1874; Emily,' m. John McTavish, British con-
sul to Baltimore.

VI. Charles' Carroll of "Homewood" m. July 17,
1800, Harriet Chew. He died April 3, 1825, Mrs Carroll
b. Oct. 22, 1775, d. April 8, 1861. The children of
Charles * and Harriet Chew Carroll were Charles,' b.
July 25, 1801 ; Elizabeth Henrietta,* b. Oct. 6, 1802, m.
Dr. Aaron Tucker ; Mary Sophia,* b. April 9, 1804, m.
Hon. Richard H. Bayard ; Benjamin Chew,' b. Sept. 27,
1805 ; Harriet Juliana,' b. Jan-y 30, 1808, m. Hon. John
Lee of " Needwood," d. April 17, 1881 ; Louisa,' b. Oct.
2, 1809, m. Isaac Rand Jackson.

V '\

t> till i.i

■^

;ment and
1709, died

child of
September
; rn. Mary

1 19, 1749.
and Mary

er 2, 1770,

Liverpool,

b. 1772 ;

I 2, 1775 ;

;ember 18,
i. 1780, d.

y* Carroll
3n, m. 2d.
Elizabeth,*

2 ; Louisa
lervey, m.
s, d. s. p.,
ritish con-
July 17,

Irs Carroll
lildren of
harles,' b.
, 1802, m.

1804, m.

Sept. 27,
ion. John
a,' b. Oct.

Appendix D.

439

VI. Catherine ' Carroll m. at Annapolis, May ist, 1801,
Hon. Robert Goodloe Harper. The children of R. CI.
and Catherine " Carroll Harper were Charles Carroll," b.
August 23, 1802, m. Charlotte Chiffelle ; Mary Diana,* b.
Oct. 7, 1803 ; Richard Caton,' b. March 24. 1806 ;
Emily Louisa Hinton,' b. May 28, 1812, died in Norfolk
Va. (though a resident of Baltimore), 1S92 ; Robert S.

Vn. The children of John and family* Caton Mc-
Tavish were Charles Carroll,' b. Jan-y 18, 181 8, m.
Marcella Scott; Richard Caton,' b. March 24, 1821 ;

Mary Wellesley,' b. Nov. 21, 1825, m. Howard, son

of Earl of Carlisle ; Alexander Simon,' b. April 28,
1829, m. Ella Gilmor.

vn. Charles * Carroll of *' Doughoregan Manor," m.
October, 1825, Mary Digges Lee. She was born June
9, 1800. [" Lee of Virginia " p. 385]. The children of
Charles * and Mary Digges Lee Carroll were Mary,' ni.
Dr. Eleazer Acosta ; Charles,' b. Oct. 1828, d. February,
1895, s. p. He inherited " Doughoregan Manor," and
is named in the will of his great grandfather, married
Caroline Thompson of Virginia. Thomas Sim Lee,'
named in the will of his great grandfather, b. 1829, d.
1833; Louisa,' m. George Cavendish Taylor of England,
nephew of Lord Waterpark, an Irish peer. Mr. Taylor,
while on a visit to " Doughoregan Manor," copied the
genealogies from the Irish MS : book preserved in the
family there, used by Fredrick John O'CarroU in his
'' Stetfmata Carrollana." John Lee,' b. 1830, m, 1st
Anita, dau. Royal Phelps of N. York, m. 2d Mary Carter
Thompson, sister of Mrs. Charles Carroll. John Lee
Carroll was member of Md. State Senate 1867-72,
Governor of Maryland, 1875, owns " Doughoregan
Manor," where he resides during part of the year.
Louisa,' Thomas Sim Lee,' Oswald,' d. infants ; Albert

M ■

/» f ';.'

f :

■ii

!( hP '

''I ■

,I;:pi
I "i ^ v^

440 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Henry,^ m. May 4, 1858, Mary Cornelia, daii. Wm. George
Read of Baltimore. He served in the Confederate Army
during the War between the States, and was killed in bat-
tle, near Martinsburg, Virginia, September 7, 1862. Mrs.
Carroll m. 2d. Col. James Fenner Lee. Robert Goodloe
Harper,^ b. 1840, m. 1st Ella Thompson, d. s. p., m. 2d.
Mary Digges Lee [" Lee of Virginia," p. 485]. Mr. R.
G. Harper Carroll served also in the C. S. A. He re-
sides in Howard County on his portion of the Manor
estate. Helen Sophia,' m. Charles Oliver O'Donnell.

Vn. The children of Charles Carroll 'and Charlotte
Chiffelle Harper were Harriet Ladson,' b. April 13, 1828,
d. March, 24, 1836 ; Catharine Carroll,' b. March 30,
1832, d. May 27, 1841 ; Emily Louisa,' married Mr.
William C. Pennington of Baltimore.

VHL The children of Charles Carroll' and Marcella
Scott McTavish were Mary,* Emily,* b. 1855, Charles
Carroll," b. 1857, Virginia Scott," b. 1859, Paul Winfield
Scott," b. i860.

VHL Alexander Simon ' and Ella Gilmor McTavish
had Francis Osborne " McTavish.

VHL Dr. Eleazer and Mary ' Carroll Acosta had
Rafaella " Acosta.

VHL George Cavendish and Louisa ' Carroll Taylor
had 2 sons and 3 daughters.

VHL John Lee ' and Anita Phelps Carroll had
Charles Lee," b. 1857, d. 1858 ; Mary Louisa ' m. Comte
Jean de Kergolay of France ; Anita Maria," m. Baron
Louis de la Grange of France ; Royal Phelps," m. Marion
Langdon of New York ; Charles," m. Susanne Bancroft ;
Albert Henry," d. 1867 ; Mary Irene," d. 1888 ; John
Lee," d. 189- ; Mary Helen," m. in Paris, 1897, Herbert
D. Robbins of New York. John Lee and Mary Carter
Thompson Carroll had Philip Acosta Carroll, b. 1879.

Appendix D.

441

VIII. Robert Goodloe Harper ' and Mary Digges
Lee Carroll had Charles,' b. August 12, 1873 ; Albert
Henry,' b. October, 1874.

VIII. Charles Oliver and Helen Sophia' Carroll
O'Donnell had John,' Mary,' m. the Vicomte de La
Bassetier, Paris, France ; Aileen.'

VIII. William Clapham and Emily Louisa * Harper
Pennington had Clapham,' and Charles Harper' Penn-
ington, artist.

THE CARROLLS OF DUDDINGTON.

Daniel ' Carroll of " Duddington Manor," married
Ann, daughter of Notley Rozier of ** Notley Hall,"

Prince George's Co. Md. Mrs. Carroll m. 2dly Benja-
min Young. The children of Daniel and Ann Rozier
Carroll were Charles,* of "Duddington," b. Sept. 12,
1729, sometimes called Charles Carroll of " Carrolls-
burg " ; Eleanor,* m. Daniel Carroll of Upper Marlboro,
brother of Rt. Rev. John Carroll ; Mary,* m. Ignatius
Digges of " Melwood," Prince George's Co., d. s. p.
Mary Carroll was the 2d. wife of Ignatius Digges.

V. Charles * Carroll of " Duddington " and " Carrolls-
burg," * m. 1763, Mary dau. of Henry Hill. The chil-
dren of Charles * and Mary Hill Carroll were Daniel,' of
*• Duddington," Charles,' of " Bellevue," Henry Hill,' of
" Litterluna," Baltimore County.

VI. Daniel' Carroll of "Duddington," m. ist. Anne
Brent, m. 2d. Anna R. Boyce. He built the manor-house
of ** Duddington" in 1793. The Duddington Manor es-
tate of one thousand acres was surveyed for George
Thompson, in 1663, Ann Young having possession of it,
later through the Notley family with whom the Roziers
intermarried. Charles* Carroll, Jr. received it from Ann
Young, his mother, in 1758. Daniel ' Carroll of " Dudd-

'ii

^ r

.1
if

442 Charles Carroll of Carrolllon.

I ;

'liii

ington " was one of the commissioners for laying out the
District of Columbia, and ** Duddington " w is in the city
of Washington, occupying the square between istand ad
and D and E streets southeast. Daniel * Carroll of
" Duddington " died in 1849. His children were Charles,*
m. Mary Carroll of ** Litterluna " ; Norah," m. William
Dudley Digges ; Maria,* m. Robert H. Filzhugh ; Eliza-
beth,* m. Henry J. Brent, Ann,' Sarah,' m. Maj. Nichol-
son ; Rebecca,* d. 1887 ; Jane,' b. April 2, 1821, d. 1896.
VI. Charles ' Carroll of " Bellevue," m. Anne Sprigg.
He left his splendid estate in Washington County, Md.,
adjoining Hagerstown, in 18 n to settle with other Mary-
landers in the Genesee country, western New York.
The children of Charles ' and Anne Sprigg Carroll were
Henry,* d. s. ; Charles H.* of " The Hermitage," M. C.
1843-1847, m. Alida Van Renssalaer ; Hannah,' d. s. ;
William Thomas,' m. Sarah Sprigg ; Daniel Joseph,* d. s. ;
Anne,' m. Dr. Lane ; Jane,' m. M. Tabb ; Elizabeth
Barbara,* m. Henry Fitzhugh.

VI. Henry * Carroll of " Litterluna," Baltimore
County, m. Sarah Rogers. The children of Henry * and
Sarah Rogers Carroll, were Mary,* m. Charles * Carroll
of " Duddington " ; Henry,' m. Mary Sterrett.

VII. William Dudley and Norah * Carroll Digges had
George Attwood ^ ; Daniel Carroll ^ ; William Dudley ' ;
Robert' ; Charles ' ; Anne ' ; Catharine' ; Norah,' m.
Dr. James Ethelbert Morgan of Washington, D. C.

VII. Robert H. and Maria' Carroll Fitzhugh had
Daniel Carroll ' Fitzhugh who married his cousin Maria
A. Fitzhugh.

Vn. Henry J. and Elizabeth* Carroll Brent had
Catherine D.,' married her cousin Daniel H. Fitzhugh.

VII. Maj. and Sarah* Carroll Nicholson had

EUzabeth,' m. Capt. Burrit.

VIP

Appendix D.

443

g out the
I the city
stand ad
arroU of
Charles,'
William
i ; Eliza-
Nichol-
d. 1896.
: Sprigg.
ity, Md,,
u Mary-
w York,
oil were
," M. C.
I,' d. s. ;
Vd.s. ;
Elizabeth

altimore

ry ' and

Carroll

ges had
jdley ' ;

ah,' m.

;h had
1 Maria

nt had
lugh.
xi had

VII. Charles H.* and .Mida Van Renssalaer Carroll
had Cornelia,' m. E. P. Fuller and Anne E.,' m. William
Dana Fitzhugh.

VII. The children of William Thomas* and Sarah
Sprigg Carroll were Gen! Samuel Sprigg,' U. S. A., m.
Helen Bennett ; Violetta Lansdale.' m. Dr. Thomas
Swann Mercer, of West River, Mu. ; birah,' m. ist Genf
Charles Griffin, U. S. A., m. 2d. Count Esterhazy of Aus-
tria ; Caroline,' m. Lieut. Boles, U. S. N ; Alida,' m.
Gen) John M. Brown.

VII. Dr. — and Anne* Carroll Lane had F^lizabeth,' m.
S. H. Peake ; Hardage, d. s. ; Harvey, d. s.

VII. M. and Jane" Carroll Tabb had Mary,' m. Thos
J. Gantt ; Anne d. s. ; Alida, m. Mr. Littlejohn.

VII. The children of Henry and Elizabeth Barbara*
Carroll Fitzhugh were Henry,' d. s. 1889; Gerrit ; '
Anna' d. s. 1867 ; Gen'. Charles Lane,' U. S. A., m.
Emma Shoenberger ; Col. Robert Hughes ' Fitzhugh.

VIII. The children of Dr. Thomas Swann and Violetta
Lansdale' Carroll Mercer were Carroll,' and John Fran-
cis ' Mercer.

VIII. The children of Gen'. Charles Lane' and Emma
Shoenberger Fitzhugh were Henry," m. ist Winifred Lee
Foe, m. 2d Edith Frances Dantry ; George,' d. s.; Car-
roll ' Fitzhugh, m. Mary M. Bell.

DESCENDANTS OF ELEANOR* CARROLL CARROLL.

V. Eleanor* Carroll of '* Duddington," married her
cousin (See Notes on the Darnail Family), Daniel Carroll
of Upper Marlboro', or Rock Creek, statesman. She
died April 13, 1763. Daniel Carroll, b. July 22, 1730,
was the son of Daniel Carroll of Upper Marlboro' who
d. 1750, and the grandson of Kean Carroll of Ireland.
The children of Daniel and Eleanor,* Carroll Carroll were

' ill

I ' n

.hi

444 Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

Daniel,' m. Elizabeth Digges of " Warburton," Priice
George's Co. Md. ; Mary,* m. Colonel Sim.

VI. Daniel ' and Elizabeth Digges Carroll had the fol-
lowing children ; William,* m. Henrietta, dau. David
Williamson of Baltimore ; George Atwood,' m. Clarissa
Mitchell ; Ann, d. at " The Cottage," Montgomery Co.
Maryland, aged 85.

VII. William ' and Henrietta Williamson Carroll, had
David Williamson ^ Carroll of Little Rock Arkansas ;
john,^ d. s. p.. Mary,^ m. Benjamin EUicott of Baltimore.

VII. George Atwood' and Clarissa Mitchell Carroll,
had George Richard ^ Carroll m. — Clarke.

VIII. David Williamson' Carroll, m. — , had daughter,
Mrs. Daniel Boone of Baltimore.

VIII. Benjamin and Mary ' Carroll EUicott had daugh-
ter,* xin. Charles Balche of Philadelphia, U. S. Coast
Survey.

VIII. The children of George Richard^ and — Clarke
Carroll were Anna,* m. Outerbridge Horsey of " Need-
wood," Md. ; Maria," m. — Hooper of Sonona, California ;
Daniel,* in C. S. A,, killed in the War between the States.

-' VI

CARROLL ARMS.

Avy two lions combatant gu^ supporting a sword ppr.
in pale hilted and pommelled or. Crest : On a stump of
an oak sprouting new branches ppr. a hawk rising of the
last belled or. Motto : Ubictinqiie cum libertate.

On the old bookplate of Charles Carroll the Immigrant,
the hawk in the crest is resting with folded wings, and as
a symbol of the flight of the family to America, he is
represented later with his wings outspread, or rising to
wing his way across the Atlantic. " A hawk rising " is
the crest on the bookplate of Charles Carroll of An-
napolis.

Appendix D.

445

All the oldest silverplate at ** Doughoregan Manor "
has the older crest upon it, and the more recent silver
has the rising hawk. In the Maryland Gazette, published
at AnnapoHs, there is the following advertisement, under
date of November 9th, 1749 : " ^.ost or stolen from the
dwelling house of Charles Carroll Esq: in the city of
Annapolis, about ten days ago, one old silver mug, hold-
ing above half a r,int ; with a coat of arms engraved
thereon, being a sword erect, between two Lyons ram-
pant. Likewise three silver spoons, with a crest engraved
on each, being a Falcon, with wings expanded, standing
on a stump having a branch on each side. [A reward of
£S offered].

Charles Carroll."
In Burke's *' General Armory " the Carroll Arms of
Ireland are given as follows :

Ar, t.7o lions combatant ^«. supporting a sword or
hilt and pomel or. Crest : On the stump of an oak, sprout-
ing new branches ppr. a hawk of the last belled or.

Carroll, as borne by Henry Carroll of Ballynure, Co.
Wicklow, 1828, ihe same with motto, /« fide et m bello
forte.

Charles Carroll the founder of the Maryland family of
" Carrolls of Carrollton," changed the crest and motto,
on coming to America.

DARNALL FAMILY, OF LONDON AND HERTFORDSHIRE, ENG-
LAND, AND OF THE " WOODVARD," PRINCE GEORGE's
CO., MARYLAND.

Arms : Argent, on a bend two fleurs de luce sable, be-
tween three leopards faces or.

Henry' Darnall of Birels-Placc, Essenden, Herts, Esq.,
Counsellor of Law, Grey's Inn, b, 1564, d. 1607. (Armorial

44^ Charles Carroll of Carrollton.

tombstone at Essenden, Herts, with list of his children).
He had five sons, John," Henry," Sir Thomas,' Philip,' and
Ralph.' The fourth son, Philip,' barrister of London, m.
Mary — . His portrait and that of his wife are at " Poplar
Hill," Maryland. John,^ youngest son of Philip' and
Mary Darnall, was Secretary to Lord Baltimore, and died
in 1684. He married Susannah, daughter of Richard
Bennett, Esq. and his wife Henrietta Maria Neale.
She married secondly, Henry Lowe, nephew of Lady
Baltimore. Henry,' eldest son of Philip' and Mary
Darnall, "Collector of the Port of St. Mary's," came to
the Province of Maryland in 1672, was commissioned
Justice of the Peace in 1681. He was Colonel of Horse,
Agent of the Lord Proprietor, and at one time Deputy
Governor of Maryland. His estates were: "Portland
Manor " Ann Arundel Co., and " The Woodyard," Prim
George's Co., also ** The Girls Portion " near Georgetown
and "My Lord's Kindness." K? died in 17 11. Col.
Henry' Darnall married twice, it is said, but of his first
wife nothing is known. His second wife was Elinor,
daughter of Richard Hatton and widow of Col. Thomas
Brooke, of " Brookfield," Calvert Co. The will of Elinor
Hatton (Brooke), Darnall was probated February 21st,
1724. The children of Henry' and Elinor Darnall were
Philip,* Henry,* Mary,* Anne,* Elizabeth.* Philip* T>2^^
nail married Elinor Brooke and died in 1705, leaving a
son, Henry * Darnall of " Portland Manor " who married
Elizabeth Lowe. Mary* Darnall, b. 1678 married Feb-
ruary 14th 1693, Charles Carroll, the Immigrant. Anne*
Darnall married Clement Hill in 1696, and Elizabeth*
Darnall married Edward Digges, Henry* Darnall of
" The Woodyard," born 1682, married Anne, daughter
of Col. William Digges and his wife Elizabeth Sewall of
Mattapony. He sold " The Woodyard " in 1728, to pay

Appendix D.

447

2ISt,

were

ang a
irried
Feb-
,nne*

a debt. The children of Henry* Darnall and Anne
Digges were Henry," Elinor," John," and Mary.* Elinor *
Darnall married 1727-28, Daniel Carroll of Upper
Marlboro', Prince George's Co. Md., (son of Kean Car-
roll, native of Ireland). Mrs. Elinor Darnall Carroll d.
May 23, 1796, in her 93d year. Daniel and Elinor Dar-
nall Carroll were the parents of Daniel Carroll, statesman,
and Archbishop John Carroll. John ' Darnall lived in
Frederick Co. Md., and his will was probated 1768.
Henry * Darnall of " Poplar Hill " (then called '' My
Lord's Kindness," ) which place was conveyed to him by
his father in 1729, was born in 1703, was Attorney General
of the Province 1754, was at Bruges, Flanders in 177 1,
and was living in 1788. He married Anne, daughter of

Talbot, Esq., "niece and ward to George, 14th

Earl of Shrewsbury," (see Land Office Records). The
children of Henry" and Anne Talbot Darnall were Rob-
ert,* Henry," John,' Katharine," Anne' and a daughter
who married Nicholas Sewall of St. Mary's Co. Robert '
Darnall of " Poplar Hill," married twice but died child-
less, leaving " Poplar Hill " to his nephew Robert Sewall.
Henry ' Darnall married Rachel, daughter of Henry
Brooke, and these were the parents of Mary Darnall, wife
of Charles Carroll of Carrollton. John' Darnall lived in
Culpeper Co., Virginia, and died in 1819. He has des-
cendants living in Kentucky and Arkansas. Katherine '
Darnall married a Digges. (Condensed from chart pedi-
gree prepared by Mrs. Vernon Dorsey, Genealogist,
Washington, D. C).

There was a relationship between the Calverts and
Darnalls and in a Letter-Book extant of Charles Cal-
vert's (this was the 3d Lord Baltimore) he writes from
"Maryland, loth July, 1697," to "Mrs. Mary Darnall,
at the Lady Summersetts house near Heme Stile,

■M

i •

448 Charles Carroll of Carrollion.

In London," Calling her his " Cosen Darnall." He
thanks her for several letters, and for lier " trouble and
pains " in letting him know how his children were. Mrs.
Darnall seems to have charge of Lord Baltimore's chil-
dren, as he and his wife thank her, in this letter for her
great kindness to their children, begging its continuance,
and that she will write by all opportunities. He is sorry
to hear of her husband's indisposition, and will send him
some money ; ** as a small token of my kindness to your-
self." Lady Summersett was Charles Calvert's aunt,
and Mrs. Mary Darnall who was staying with her, was
the wife of Philip Darnall, — evidently the Philip ' Dar-
nall of the above pedigree. ** The Calvert Papers," Num-
ber One, p. 310. (Publications of the Maryland
Historical Society).

\ mm

11." He
Lible and
e. Mrs.
re's chil-
r for her
inuance,
J is sorry
lend him
to your-
t's aunt,
her, was
ip" Dar-
;," Num-
laryland

INDEX.

Abercrombie, (Jen. James, i, 380 i
Acadia, Acaclie, i, 25-27 I

Acadians. Sec French Neutrals
Acosta, Dr. I'^leazer, ii, 439, 440 ;

Mary, ;/.V Carroll, ii, 439, 440 ;

Rafaella, ii, 440
Adams, Abij^ail, lu'c Smith, ii,

138 ; Charles Francis, i, T31 ;

ii, 333 ; Herbert 15., ii, 32b ;

John, i, 131, 145, 1S2 ; ii, iiS, I

IT9, 122, 125, 127, 12S, 133,

134, 138, 141, 142, 145, 14.^,

155, 156, 162, 190, 193, 207,

231, 234, 237-240, 245, 24S,

249, 258, 309, 337, 339, 341.

358 ; John Quincy, ii, 288,

332-334. 3-43. 353 ; Samuel,

i. 203
Adamses, the, i, 236
Adams's " Life and Writings of

Ja.-ed Sparks," ii, 326
Adams's " Memoirs of John

Quincy Adams," ii, 333
Adams's " Works of John

Adams," i, 131, 182 ; ii, 134,

141
Adamstovvn, Ireland,], ^S
Addison family, ii, 245 |

" Address to the People of Mary- j

land," ii, 40, 41, iii
Ahagurton Ireland, i, 3
Albany, i, 29, I47-I49, 172, 214, j

221, 222, 367-370, 399 ; ii' 362 '
Aldie, Va., ii, 360 i

Alexander, Mr., i, 215 ; Robert,

i, 136 I

449

Alexander, Fnipernr of Ru>,sia,
ii, 2^.2, 270, 271, 277, 273, 2S1

Alexandria, Va , ii, 82, S3, roo,
169, 170, 203

Alexandrians, ii, 170

Allen, Colonel, i, rso, 372 ; Mi.,

i. 37^^
Alum Works Company, ii, 330
American Archives, i, 145, r53-

159, 162, 164, i6(), 1O9, 185
American Colonization Society,

ii, 362
Amherst, (Icneral, i, 240, 241,

3'^

Amsterdam, ii, 1 10

Andahisia, ii, 2S7

Andrews, Frank D., ii, 32S

Anglaise, ii, 197

Annapolis, i, 1, 6-8, 12, 14, 15,
18. 23, 37, 41, 59, 60, 65, 70,
72, 73. 93-95. i'«. ^28, 130,
132, 134, 136, 138, 142. 143,
177, 1S5, 186, 191, 19b, 197,
224, 368 ; ii, 14, 2b, 40. 48, 55,
56, 66, 75-77, 80, 87, 91, loi,
103, 104, III, 142, 167, 171,
i8f, 191, 193, 198, 2f)2, 232-
235, 247, ■■•^9. 251, 258, 261,
266, 269, 270, 273, 275, 279-
282, 284, 2S8, 289, 292, 293,
296. 29-7, 299-302, 315, 320,
321, 32^-32S 351, 357, 374-
376. 381, 3*^4, 385, 390, 393,
396, 39S, 404, 439. 444.^ 445

Annemours, Chevalier d', con-
sul-general of France, ii, 76

i.il

1 /

M IVi

\ >:

! 1 =

J ^

■ '* .

1 ' i '

' i

450

Index.

A])alathean Mountains, i, 26
Appleton's " Cyclopanlia of
American Biography," i, 96 ;

ii. 350
Archduke Charles of Austria, ii,

262, 271, 281, 282
Archduke John of Austria, ii, 262
Arkansas, ii, 44-I, 447
Arnold, Gen. Benedict, i, 147,

152-155, 158, 161, 164-166,

168, 214. 222, 392, 396, 397
Articles of Confederation, i, 219,

220, 232 ; ii, 4, 5, 7-9, ir-13,

44, 45, 80, 105, 114, 116, 177
" Asserters of British American

Privileges," i, 72
" Association of the Freemen of

Maryland," i, 135
Atlantic Ocean, i, 26 ; ii, 337,

338, 444 ; States, ii, 307
Atlee, Mr., i, 223
Attwood, Peter, ii, 3S8
Augusta, Ga., ii, 158
Austria, ii, 6, 217, 262, 263, 270,

271, 281, 282, 294, 295, 443
Aux Cayes, ii, 317

Bacon, Lord, i, 325

Badajos, ii, 287

Badiere, Mons. La, i, 204

Bagot, Mr., English minister,
ii. 315. 323; Mrs., ii, 315, 323

Baile-mic-Adam (Cadamstown).
See Adamstown

Baird, General, ii, 281

Baker, Louisa, i, 59-61, 63, 79,
80, 87 ; Mr., i, 59, 61

Balche, Charles, ii, 444 ; Mrs.,
«/t.-Ellicott, ii, 444

Baldwin, Mr., ii, 435

Ballendine, John, i, 95

Ballston Springs, ii, 266, 310

Ballynure, Ireland, ii, 445

Baltic Sea, ii, 277

Baltimore, Md., i, 15, 72, 73,
131, 137, 142, 143, 191, 196,
197, 209, 216, 220, 221, 231,
232; ii, 40, 73, 74, 91, 96, 100,
106, 107, 112, 157, 158, 193,
200, 213, 234, 238, 243, 244,

266, 284, 291, 294, 295, 298,

300, 302-309, 312, 318, 320-

322, 324, 325, 329, 332, 338-

342, 343-35", 355, 356, 358,

359. 364. 365, 367. 394-401.
404, 411, 419, 423, 436, 438,

439, 440, 444

Baltimore Library Company, ii,
201

Baltimore Iron Works Company
(Baltimore Iron Works. S<u'
Patapsco Iron Works), i, 23,
60, 64, 92, 143, 144, 203 ; ii,
73-75, 100, 171, 293

Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, ii,

360, 361

Baltimore, Barons of. See Cal-
vert

Baltimore, Lady Jane, tide Lowe,
i, 2, 76 ; ii, 446 ; Lady Mar-
garet, i, II

Banister, John, ii, 3

Bank of England stock, ii, 43,
44, 75, 76, S3, 84, 92,98, 167,
168, 214, 218, 219, 221-229,
231, 251

Barbadoes, ii, 252, 261

Barber, Captain, ii, 254

Barlow, Joel, ii, 290, 294

Barnes, Richard, ii, 44, 49, 50,

57,, 77
Barre, Chevalier de. i, 226, 22S
Harrington, Daines, i, 66, 88,89,

Barron, Commodore James, ii,
321

Barry, Robert, ii, 431

Bassetier, Vicomte de la, ii, 441 ;
Mary, Vicomtesse de la, nee
O'Donnell, ii, 441

Bassctt, Richard, ii, 169

Bathurst, Matthew, ii, 429, 431

Batson, Mr., i, 5

Bavaria, i, 238, 239 ; ii, 6

Bay of Fundy (Baye Fran9ois),
i, 27

Bayard, Mary Soi)hia, n^e Car-
roll, ii, 321, 331,400,403,406,
407, 411, 413, 415, 438; Rich-
ard H., ii, 331,438

Index.

451

.ompany, 11,

Bay Vert, i, 27

Beale. John, ii, 386, 387, 389

Beaubasin, i, 27, 28

Beckwith, Sir Peyton, i, 93

BcfUoe's Island, i, 363

Belfast, ii, 254

Ben, Captain, ii, 296

Bennett, Henrietta Maria, lu'e

Neale, ii, 446 ; Richard, ii,

446
Beresford, Gen. William Carr,

ii, 287, 288
Berlin and Milan decrees, ii, 282,

284
Berthier, i, 160
Betham, Sir William, ii, 434
Bickerton, Admiral, Sir Richard

H., ii 260
Bilboa, ii, 4

Bingham, Captain, ii, 286, 287
Bird, Christoplier, i, 79, 82, 85
Birels-Place, ii, 445
Bladen family, i, 103, 104
Bladen, Mrs., nee Jannsen, i,

104 ; Thomas, ii, 45, 104
Bladensburg, ii, 303
Blake, Admiral, ii, 2S7
Blandike, i, 22
Board of War, i, i8r-i84, 203-

205, 217, 220, 223-225, 231,

235 ;.ii- 3. 4. 6. 353.354
Bohemia, College of, i, 18
Boles, Caroline, nee Carroll, ii,

443 ; Lieutenant, ii, 443
Bollman, Dr. Eric, ii, 275, 277
Bonai^rte, Elizabeth, ni!e Patter-
son, li, 243, 314, 325 ; Jerome,
ii, 243; Napoleon, ii, 235,
253-255, 262-264, 268, 270,
272, 274, 276-279, 2S1-285,
291, 293-296. 29S, 302, 303,

307, 323
Boone, Melanie Athanaisc, nt'c

Carroll, ii, 444
Bordeaux, ii, 263
Bordley, Thomas, ii, 380
Boston, i, 131, 202 ; ii, 200, 297
Boston Port Bill, i, 128
Boswell, James, i, 07
Boucher, Rev. Jonathan, i, 100

Bourbons, the, ii, 255, 303
Bourges, i, 19
Boyd, Elinor, ii, 377
Boyle, Esmeralda, i, 7
Boyle's " Marylanders," i, 7
Boyne, battle of the, ii, 437
Braddock, (Jen. Edward, i, 23,

29. 30
Bradford, John, ii, 377 ; Joyce,

ii, 377
Bradshaw, Mr., i, 77, 79
Brandywine, battle of, i, 228-230
Brasheass, John W., ii, 393
Brazil (the Brazils), ii, 217, 268,

292
Brehan, Marchioness de, ii, 124
Brent, Anne, ni'e Carroll, i, 18 ;

Elizabeth, «t''(!' Carroll, ii, 442 ;

George, ii, loi ; Henry J.,

ii, 442 ; John Carroll, i, 4 ;

Robert, i, 18
Brent's " Biographical Sketch of

Rt. Rev. John Carroll," i, 4,

153 ..

Brest, ii, 30, 285

Brice, John, Jr., i, 64

Bristol, i, 217, 400

Bronson, Isaac, ii, 400

Brooke, Cl.ment, i, i8;ii, 391,
438 ; Clement, ii, 73, 74 ; Eli-
nor, nee Hatton. .S'('<' Darnall ;
Henry, ii, 447 ; Jane, nee Sew-
all, i, 18, 21 ; ii, 438 ; Cf)l.
Thomas, i, 9 ; ii, 446

Brooke family, i, 2

Brotherhood's " Book of the
Signers," ii, 341

Browere, John Henri Isaac, ii,

342. 343 .
Brown, Alida, n^e Carroll, ii,
443 ; Esther, i, 79, 82, 83, 85 ;
Gen. John M., ii, 443 ; Major,
i, 394. 395 ; Mr., i, 45, 47;
Mr., i, 241, 242 ; Mr., ii, 171;
William, i, 85
Brown, A., and Sons, ii, 428
Brown's Battery, i, 164, 395
Browne, William Hand, i, 12
Browne's " History of Mary-
land," i, 12, 15

■!i

:ii

'* 'I

452

Index.

.!>

I ^

Ikowniiig, Charles, i, 08, 69 ;

Lonisa, nrc (-'alvcit, i, Tk)
Ijiowniii^'s " liiief Kxplaiialiuii,

etc.," i, (v)
fJniges, ii, 447
IJniiiswick, i, 206
liryce family, ii 308
IJiicliaimn, joliii, ii, 331 ; Mr., i,

221, 222 ; Mrs., i, 221, 222
lUicnoi) Ayrcs, ii, 274
Fiiiffalo, ii, 304
Bullet, Mr., ii, 32(1
iUiuker Hill, lialllc of, ii, 342
Biir{;oyne, (len. John, i, 174,

214, 220, 222, 223
liiirko, lidimui'l, i, (j6
Uurkc's " (jciieral Armory," ii,

r.urliiiglDii, N. J., i, 231

15uir, Aaron, ii, 236, 239, 2.10,
24(), 257, 2f,9, 272-277

Miirrit, Captain, ii, 442 ; Eliza-
beth, ncc Nicholson, ii, 442

r.utlcr, J'icrce, ii, 131, 135, 141,
ir/, 150, isr, T57, 158

Huttcrheld, Major, i, 3cj6

Cadiz, ii, 287

Cadwaladcr, Oen. John, ii, 48

California, ii, I(j6, 444

Calvert, Benedict Leonard, 4th
Lord Baltimore, i, t2, 38, 42,
43 ; Cecelius, 2d Lord Balti-
more, I, 5, 42, 69 ; Cecelius,
i, 38, 44, 46, 65 ; Charles, 3d
Lord Baltimore, i. 2-8, 11, 12,
14, 38, 42, 43 ; ii, 44(J-44S I
Charlc;;, 5th Lord 15altimoie,

i, 38. 3'9, 42, 4.3, f'9. ^04;
Frederick, 6th Lord Balti-
more, i, 33, 38, 39, 42, 45,65, 68
Calvert, Jane. See Lady Balti-
more
Calvert, Margaret. Sec Lady

Baltimore
Cp'vcrt family, ii, 447
Co. vert I'ape;s, i, 68 ; ii,448
Calvert Papers, MS., i, 6, 7, rS
Calvert Rent Rolls, i, 6, 63
Cambray, ii, 316

Cambridge, University of, i, 190;

ii, 315
Campltell, Colonel, i, 157
Canada (New France), i, 25-27,
142, 143, 145-147, 153-159.
161, 167, 168, 170, 171, 173-
r77, 1S3, 207, 208, 366, 369,
37^'. 379. 380, 382, 386, 388,
390, 393, 394, 396, 399 I ii,
158, 292, 305, 307, 312, 321,

324., 325

Canadian Commission, i, 145,
147, 163-165, 183 ; Commis-
sioners, i, 147, 149, 152-159.
161, 169, 170, 172

Carey's " Olive Ihanch," ii, 30S

Carleton, Sir Guy, i, 394 ; ii, 50

Carlisle, I'a., i, 218

Carmichacl, William, i, 206 ;
ii, 1 1

Carpenter, John C, ii, 370

Carroll, Albert Henry, C. S A.,
ii, 440 ; Albert Henry, d.
y., ii, 440; Alert Henry, ii,
441 ; Alexander, i, 50 ; Alida,
ne'e Van Rensselaer, ii, 442,
443 ; Anita, ne'e Phelps, ii,
439, 440 ; Ann, n^e Rozicr.
Sec Young ; Ann of " The
Cottage," ii, 444 ; Ann of
" Duddington," ii, 442 ; Anna
R., Hi'c Boyce, ii, 441 ; Anne,
tiL^c Brent, ii, 441 ; Anne, nee
Sprigg, ii, 442 ; Anne Brooke,
i, 221 ;ii, 54,55.438; Anthony
of Lisheenboy, i, 22, 48, 59 ;
ii, 433, 434, 437 I Anthony,
son of Michael, ii, 383 ; An-
thony, grandson of Antlioiiy
of Lisheenboy, i, 22, 24, 48-
50; ii, 433, 434, 437 ; Anthony,
son of Daniel and nephew of
James of Ann Arundel County,
i, 14; ii, 382-385 ; Anthony,
ii, 383, 388, 389 ; Anthony,
d. inf., i, 9 ; ii, 437 ; Anthony,
d. inf., ii, 437 ; Benjamin
Chew, ii, 438 ; Bridget, ii, 437 ;
Cresar, i, 50 ; Caroline, n^e
Thompson, ii, 439

Index.

453

iity of, i, i')0;

i, 157

iccj, i, 25-27.

47, 153-159.

70, 171, 173-

:)8, 3 60, 369,

32, 386, 388,

396, 399 ; i'.
07, 312, 321,

lion, i, 145.

83 ; Coniniis-

[49, 152-159,

inch," ii, 30S

i, 394 ; ii. 5"

am, i, 206 ;

, ii, 370
nry, C. S A.,
It Henry, d.
»it Henry, ii,
i, 50 ; Alicia,
elaer, ii, 442,
'e I'helps, ii,
i, nie Rozicr.
in of "The
44 ; Ann of
ii, 442 ; Anna
i, 441 ; Anne,
|.i ; Anne, na
Anne Brooke,
438 ; Anthony
i, 22, 48, 59;
57 ; Anthony,

ii, 383 ; An-

of Anthony

i, 22, 24, 48-

37 ; Anthony,

nd nephew of

undel County,

55 ; Anthony,

3g ; Anthony,

37 ; Anthony,

7 ; Benjamin

ridget, ii, 437 I

Caroline, n^e

Carroll, Charles, Alt'>rney-(Jcn-
cral of Maryland, Lorn iGOo,
i, I ; cdu'jaied at Douai, 2;
.studied at the Temple, 2 ; sec-
retary to Lord Powis, 3 ; arrives
in Maryland, 4 ; ii, 351) ; com-
mission as Attorney-CIeneral
confirmed, i, 4; resists the over-
throw of the proprietary gov-
ernment, 4 ; imprisoned by
Gov. Cojiley, 4, 5 ; appointed
Judge, and Register of the
Land Office, 5 ; a favorite with
Lord Baltimore, 5 ; patents
land, 6 ; ol. tains lots in .Annap-
olis, 7 ; his instructions from
Lord Baltimore, 7 ; his offices
enumerated, 8 ; changes the
motto of his family ar, lis, 3; ii,
351 ; his two marriages, i, 9 ; ii,
437 ; letter to his sons, i, 10,
II ; made his will, 11 ; visited
England, 11; attorney for
Lady Baltimore, 11 ; his influ-
ence in the colony, 12 ; his
death, 11, 13; Gov. Sharpe's
allusions to him, 13 ; his trus-
tees and their religious differ-
ences, 13 ; his manors and
other property, 13, 14 ; patent-
ing of " Carrollton Alanor,"
f)8 ; his will given, ii, 373-379 i
his !)Ool<-plate, i, 48, 59 ; ii,
444 ; family of his second wife,
446

Carroll, Charles, of Annapolis, b.
1702, i, 9 ; ii, 437 ; sent to
France for his education, i,
10 ; ii, 350 ; his godfather
manages his estate, i, 14 ; is liv-
ing in Annapolis, 15 ; death of
James Carroll at his house,

15 ; sells land to trustees of
Baltimore 'J'own, 15 ; is inter-
ested in a " Virginian jirojtct,"

16 ; guardian to his nephew
Chailcs, 16 ; difticuity about
quit-rent, 17; has share in
" Carroll's Delight " and " Car-
roUsburg," i3 ; goes to Europe,

19 ; letters to his son, 20-22 ;
letter recommending a volun-
teer for the war with Trance,
23 ; memljcf of the Baltimore
Iron Works Company, 23 ; his
intimacy with Dr. (,'urroll, 23;
his cousins the Croxalls, 24 ;
leltt-r to his son, 24-31 ; (ii--
salislied with the .Maryland
laws, 31 ; scheme for set-
tling in Louisiana, 32; goes to
France to secure a Luid grant,
32 ; his character and attain-
ments and motives for his voy-
age dit^cussed by Gov. Sliarpe,
32 ; writes to his son from Lon-
don, 33 ; letters from Mary-
land to his son, 38, 39 ; loses
his wife, 40 ; lawsuit with his
neithew, J r ; letters to his son,
42- 0 1 ; " Carrollton" coulirmed
to him, 63 ; welconie> him
home, 70 ; entertains Washing-
ton at Annapolis, ()4 ; writes to
his son, I3() ; is known in the
land-l)ooks as "t!harles Car-
roll of Elk Ridge," I Si ; letter
to his son, 196 ; elected one
of the Governor's Council,
19S ; declines the hon(*r, i^t^;
receives a letter from .NL
riiarne, 220 ; wants to hire
two weavers from among the
Hrilisli prisoners, 223 ; hears
again from M. I'iiarne, 225,
231 ; his sudden ileath, ii, 55,
56 ; mtntion of him ii; his
father's will, 374, 376-37S ;
mention of him in will of his
godfather, James Carroll, 3S4,
385, 387, 3SS ; his own will
given, 390-392 ; his book-plate
mentioned, 444 ; arms o'.i his
silver-plate, 445
Carroll, Charles, (jf Carrollton,
his ancestry, i, 2 ; ii, 433, 437,
445, 44G ; born, Sept. 19, 1737,
i, iS ; ii, 43S ; sent to i-chool
in Maryland, i, 18 ; goes to
St. Omer's, 19 ; stands third

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454

Index.

Carroll, Charles — Continued.
in the school, 2J ; is sent to
Rhfims, 22 ; at college in
Paris, 24 ; good conduct and
proficiency in his studies, 31 ;
])rudent in the exjienditure of
money, 35 ; reads civil law at
Hourges, 19, 38 ; goes to Lon-
don, 3S ; dines at William
Sharpe'swith Mr. C'alvcrt, 40;
lives in handsome style, 44 ;
his portrait painted by Reyn-
olds, 52 ; ii, 324 ; attends
del)ates in the House of Com-
mons, i, 51 ; studies book-
keeping and mathematics, 54,
60 ; his law studies, 56, 66 ;
engagement to Miss Raker, 5g,
66, 67 ; a tutor's tribute, 62 ;
his English friends, 66, 67 ;
companions at the "Crown
and Anchor," 67, 91 ; return
to America, 70 ; denounces
the Stamp Act in letters to
England, 73-75 ; falls in love
witii Miss Cooke, 76, 78-80 ;
grief at her death, 81-84 I
engaged to Miss Darnall, 84-
87 ; marriage to Mary Dar-
nall, 88 ; letter to Dailies Bar-
rington about his book, 89 ;
letter to Mr. Graves intro-
ducing William Cooke, 90-92 ;
writes of Col. Ludwell's be-
quest, 92, 93 ; friendship for
Washington, 94 ; suliscribes to
Potomac Company, 95 ; pa-
tron of Charles Will son Peale,
95. 9^* I li'^ opposition to the
Proclamation settling fees, and
" Letters of the First Citizen,"
99, 101-127, 245-362; is
thanked by citizens of Annap-
olis and others, 100 ; again
in Annapolis, 130 ; repartee at
entertainment of Lloyd Du-
iany's, 130 ; advises burning
of the Peggy Stewart, 130,
131 ; joins the association to
resist tax on tea, 132 ; visits

Philadelphia, 131 ; attends po-
litical meeting, 132; appointed
on Non - Importation Commit-
tee, 132; on Committee of Cor-
respondence, 132 ; appointed
delegate to Maryland ("onven-
tion, 133 ; on Provincial Com-
mittee of Correspondence, 133;
presides at meeting of County
Committee of Observation,
134; in Convention, 134 ; signs
Association of the Freemen
of Maryland, 135 ; on impor-
tant committees, 135, 136 ; on
Committee of Observation for
town and county, 136 ; in Con-
vention, 136 ; member of Coun-
cil of .Safety, 135, 136 ; writes
to Jenifer on Council business,
137 ; letter to Washington
introducing young Key, 138,
139 ; with the Council at
Chester Town, 140 ; in Con-
vention, 140 ; opposes position
taken against independence,

141 ; attends Council of Safety,

142 ; orders out the Elk Ridge
Militia, 142; signs contract to
lease Baltimore Iron Works
Company property to the State,
144 ; appointed by Congress
on Canada Commission, 145 :
account of his journey, 147-
152, 371-392 ; reception by
Gen. Arnold, 152, 153, 392 ;
difficulties encountered in
Canada, 154-158, 393-397:
letters to Generals Schuyler and
Thomas, 158-160; labors and
discouragements, 161-165;
letters to Gen. Thomas, i6()-

168 ; last letter to Congress,

169 ; the journey back to
Philadelphia, 170-172, 397-
400 ; letter to Gen. Gates, 174-
176 ; in Maryland Convention,
178 ; elected to Congress, 17S ;
helps to procure resolution of
Convention advocating inde-
pendence, 179 ; takes his seat

iT i

Index.

455

Carroll, Charles — Contitiurd,
in Conj^iess, i8(J ; s\^ws Uccla-
ralion of Iiulepcndcnce, iSo,
i8i ; on tile Hoard of War,
181-183 ; writes to Council of
Safety, 184, 185 ; in Conven-
tion, 186 ; on committee to
prepare Declaration of Ki^dits
and Constitution, 186 ; returns
to Congress, 1S7 ; again in
Convention, l8S, 189; his
])art in framing Maryland Con-
stitution, 190, 191 ; suggests
mode of electing Senate, 190 ;
its excellence, 191-195 ; al-
tered after his death, 196 ; in
Congress, 197 ; member of
first Maryland Senate, 197 ;
prominent in its legislation,
198-200 ; files a dissentient
against a bill, 200 ; receives
letter from Col. Fitzgerald,
201, 202 ; again in Congress,
203 ; member of Committee on
Foreign Applications, 204 ; on
Board of War, 205 ; returns to
Maryland, 205 ; letter to Dr.
Franklin, 206-211 ; again in
Congress, 212 ; sent to see
condition of the army, 212 ;
letters to Gov. Johnson, 212-
216 ; letters to Gen. Washing-
ton, 217, 218 ; returns to Con-
gress, 217, 219 ; votes on
Articles of Confederation,
219, 220; at " Doughoregan
Manor," 223; letter to Rich-
ard Peters, 223, 224 ; receives
letter from Gen. Conway, 225-
230 ; in the Assembly, 232-
234 ; in Congress, 235 ; sent
to Valley P'orge, 235 ; helps to
defeat Conway Cabal, 236 ;
writes from Congress to Gov.
Johnson, 237-242 ; on com-
mittee to give Washington
larger powers, ii, 3 ; on more
committees, 3, 4 ; letter to
Gov. Johnson, 6-9 ; gives
account of Maryland amend-

ments to Articles of Confed-
eration, 7-9 ; in M.nryland
Senate, 11 ; resigns seat in
Congress, 11, 26; on com-
mittee to amend the criminal
law, 14 ; again in Asseinl)ly,
\U ; dissents to risolve increas-
ing pay uf mend)ers, 16 ; dis-
sents tosupply bill, iS ; attends
fall session, 20 ; on committee
to procure supplies for troops,
20; votes for nun-exportation
bill, 21 ; writes Senate mes-
sages, 22-24 ; resists confisca-
tion act, 25 ; letter to I)r.
Franklin, 2(')-3i ; receives
letter from Ednuind Jennings,
31-33 ; in the Assembly, 34 ;
drafts bill for recruiting troops,
35 ; with T. Stnne writes mes-
sage on confiscatii^n bill, 38 ;
attends extra session, 39 ;
brings in embargo act, 39 ; on
committee to prejiare address
to the people, 40 ; attends fall
session, 41 ; on important com-
mittees, 42 ; refuses re-election
to Congress, 43 ; votes to ratify
Articles of Confederation, 44 ;
again in Maryland Senate, 46 ;
attends fall session, 48 ; on
committee to thank Washing-
ton for victory at Yorktown,

48 ; attends sjjring session,

49 ; on joint committee to
confer for protection of the
Bay, 50; letter to Gov. I.ee
on death of Mrs, Darnall, 53,
54 ; l)irth of youngest child,
54 ; .leathof his father, 53, 55,
56 ; death of his wife, 53, 55,
56 ; in the Assembly, 56 ; dis-
sents to su|iiily bill, 58-61 ;
with C. Carroll drafts mes-
sage on defence of the J'ay,
62 - 64 ; drafts message to
the House, 64-65 ; dissents to
bill for defence of Hay, 65 ;
in Assembly, May, 1783, and
elected President of the Senate,

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23 WEST MAIN STREET

WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580

(716) 872-4503

456

Index.

■i

IM.J

Cam ill, (.'harlcs — Continued.
67 ; dissents lo solicitors and
attoiiiics hill, 67-72 ; writes
to members of Daltimoie Iron
Works Company, 74, 75 ;
attends fall session, 75 ; on
coniinittce to confer with
consiil-j^cneral of France, 76 ;
on committee to prepare ad-
dress to Washington, 76 ;
elected President of the Senate,
77 ; member of Susquehanna
Canal Company, 79 ; again in
the Senate, 79; on committee
to prepare address to Lafay-
ette, 80 ; one of committee to
tunlor with V^irginia commis-
sioners on navigation of the
Potomac, 80 ; on committee
to instruct Maryland commis-
sioners, 82 ; opposed to Chase's
management of ]Jank of Eng-
Lind stock negotiation, 83, 84 ;
dis.ents to resolution advanc-
ing him money, 85-88 ; votes
for non-jurors bill, 88; advo-
cates permanent salaries for
judges, 90, 91 ; in Senate,
1 78?>, and opposes emission
of paper money, 93-9(1; allu-
sion to tl;is controversy, 97,
105 ; helps to defeat the
measure, 99, 100; elected to
seat in Federal Convention,
but declines it, 99 ; solicits
suljscriptions to (Jeorgetown
College, loi ; sends his son
to Liege, loi, H)2 ; letters to
Daniel Carroll of Duddington,
103-106 ; marriage of his
daughter Mary, 106 ; sends
his daughter Catharine abroad,
I(i6, 107 ; in the Assembly,
loS ; becomes identified with
the Federalists, H)9, 117 ; on
committee to settle Van Stap-
horst claim, no ; attends May
session, 114; drafts insolvent
debtors bill, 114 ; in Nov>.mber
Assembly, 114, 115 ; elected

to U. S. Senate, 115; arrives
in Philadelphia, 117; opposes
titles, 118, 123, 125 ; on com-
mittee to prepare an answer
to President's address, 120-
122 ; at the theatre with Wash-
ington, 124 ; speaks on impost
bill, 126-130; conversation
with John Adams, 128 ; votes
for tarifif report, 131 ; speaks
in favor of viva voce vote on
presidential nominations, 132 ;
approves of giving President
power of removal, 133 ; on
impost bill and compensation
bill committees, 137 ; opposes
high salaries, 139 ; speaks on
residence bill, 141, 142 ; in
Maryland Assembly, 142 ;
drafts message on bill to abol-
ish slavery, 143, 144 ; unites
in address of Roman Catholics
to President Washington, 145 :
again in Congress, 145 ; on
important committees, 145,
147 ; favors assumption bill,
147 ; interested in the French
Revolution, 148 ; moves that
the Senate wear mourning for
Franklin, 149 ; on committee
to consider relations with
Rhode Island, 150; reports
additions to the bill, 151 ;
votes for Rhode Island reso-
lutions, 153 ; on committees
for intercourse with foreign
nations and post-oflice bills,
155-159; discusses residence
bill and advocates the Po-
tomac, 157-160; promotes
assumption bill, 160-163;
letter to Governor of Mary-
land, 165 ; votes on Indian
treaty, 166 ; cannot collect
interest on money loaned,
167 ; in Maryland Assembly,
167 ; re-elected to U. S. Senate,
167 ; brings in bill on Bank
of England stock, 168 ; in
Congress, 168 ; moves amend-

Index.

457

Carroll, Charles — Continued.
ment to residence bill, 169 ;
serves on committees, 170 ;
writes from Annapolis to
Thomas Jefferson, 171, 172 ;
in the Assembly, 172 ; dis-
sents to bill for relief of S.
Sterrett, 173-176 ; his views
on federal nature of U. S.
Government, 177 ; in Con-
gress, 179 ; votes for open
sessions of Senate, 179; inter-
ested in missions to the
Indians, 179, 180; letter to
Alexander Hamilton, 181 ; in
the Assembly, 182 ; resifjns
his seat in U. S. Senate, 182 ;
works on militia bill, 183 ;
with J. E. Howard drafts
message to the House. 183-
1S7 ; jjives account of Mary-
land affairs in letters to John
Henry, 189-196 ; receives let-
ter from Washington, 197,
198 ; declines appointment
offered him, 198, 199 ; letter
to Joshua Johnson, 200 ; enter-
tains French royalist refugees,
200, 202 ; receives letter from
Washington, 204, 206 ; writes
report against Virginia amend-
ments to Federal Constitution,
208-212 ; in the Assembly,
213 ; on committee to hold
lottery for benefit of Federal
City, 213 ; interested in suf-
ferers from St. Domingo, 213 ;
approves of Jay's Treaty, 215 ;
letter to Washington, 216-
218 ; drafts reports on bank-
stock affair, 219-229 ; last
letter to Washington, 229-
231 ; announces Washington's
death in the Maryland Senate,
232, 233 ; his retirement from
public life, 234 ; correspond-
ence with Alexander Hamil-
ton, 235-238 ; marriage of liis
son, 241, 243 ; letters to
Charles Carroll of " Home-

wood," 245-249 ; marriage of
Catharine Carroll, 249 ; letters
to Robert Goodloe Harper,
251-258; appointed one of a
committee to report on con-
dition and advantages of St.
John's College, 253 ; interested
in impeachment trial of Samuel
Chase, 258 ; letters to Harper,
258-264 ; his portrait painted
by Field, 264, 265 ; has visi-
tors at the Manor, 266 ; letters
to his son, 265, 267-271 ;
speculates on lUirr's move-
ments, 272-277 ; letters to his
son, 273-276; writes to
Harper, 277 ; writes to his son,
277-280 ; letters to Harper,
2St)-282 ; letters to his son,
282, 283 ; the Decaturs visit
him in Annapolis, 284 ; the
Harpers with him at the
Manor, 285 ; letter to his son,
286 ; letters to his son-in-law,
286-289 ; writes to Charles Car-
roll, Jr., 289, 290-292; opposed
to the war with England, 291 ;
writes to his son-in-law R,
Caton, 292, 293 ; a ball given
at his house in Annapolis,
294 ; anxious for the downfall
of Napoleon, 295 ; the enemy
expected at Annapolis, 296,
2()7 ; family letters continued,
298-300 ; has trouble with an
incompetent overseer, 300-

302 ; letter to Harper, 302,

303 ; writes of the occupation
of Washington by the British,

304 ; of Baltimore's danger,
304. 305 ; family letters, 305-
307 ; tells of festivities after
the peace, 308 ; letter^ to
Harper, 309-311 ; his portrait
to be painted by King, 311 ;
writes to Joseph Delaplaine,

312 ; to Virgil Maxey, 312,

313 ; sends his grandchildren
to school in Europe, 314-316 ;
letters to Harper, 315-317 ;

458

Index.

i«'

I 'I

Carroll, Charles — Continurd.
has a French chaplain a^t the
Manor, 317 ; educates Kinile
Morancy, 318 ; letters to
Harper, 320-322 ; writes of
his Pennsylvania lands, 321 ;
his guests and his hospitality
described, 323-326 ; an Eng-
lish visitor's impressions of
him, 324, 325 ; goes to " Mel-
wood " and " Bel Air," 327 ;
letter to his son, 327, 328 ;
builds a church at Annapolis,
328, 329; last letters to
Harper, 329-331 ; invited to
Yorktown celebration, 332 ;
letter to Robert Ci. Scott,
332 ; greets Lafayette in Balti-
more, 332, 333 ; ojjjjosed to
J. Q. Adams for President,
334; loses his son, 334, 335 ;
reflections on his S9th birth-
day, 336 ; receives a gold
medal, 337 ; letter of thanks,
338 ; joins in memorial services
on death of Adams and Jeffer-
son, 339, 341, 342 ; letter to
Charles II. Wharton, 340,
341 ; sits for his bust to
Hrowere, 342 ; letter to Archi-
bald Robertson, 342, 343 ;
commemorates 50th anniver-
sary of American Independ-
ence, 343 ; receives a poem
from Mrs. Sigoumey, 344-
346 ; writes letter of thanks,
346, 347 ; strikes a medal on
his 90th birthday, 347 ; letter
to Robert Gilnior, 348 ; de-
scribedby Macready, 349, 350;
writes to a namesake in Ire-
land, 350, 351; letters to
editor of the Carrolltonian,
351. 352 ; letter to Richard
Peters, 353-356, writes on
religious liberty to Rev. J.
Standford, 357, 358 ; Latrobe's
description of him, 358, 359 ;
letter to Monroe, 359, 360 ;
lays corner-stone of B. and O.

Railroad, 360, 361 ; writes to
William Gibbons, 361 ; gives
land for St. Charles College,
362 ; described by Rev. Mr.
Pise, 3^^)3-365 ; letter to I. J.
Cohen, 365, 366 ; receives
committee of young Whigs,
367 ; last illness and death,
368-370 ; tributes to his mem-
ory. 367 ; named as heir and
executor in his father's will,
391 ; his will given, 393-431
Carroll, Charles, son of Anthony
of Lisheenboy, ii, 434, 437 ;
Charles of " Duddington" and
" CarroUsburg," i, 16, 17, 40,
41, 57, 181 ; ii, 56, 73, 102,
390, 441 ; Charles of " Home-
wood," i, 221; ii, 54, 55, loi,
200, 206, 241, 243, 245, 247,
250, 264-267, 286, 321, 326,

331, 334, 335, 359, 394, 401,

405, 406, 420, 427, 438 ;
Charles of " Doughoregau
Manor," ii, 53, 314, 315,

318, 335, 393-396, 401, 403.

406, 415, 416, 418, 422, 424-
428, 438, 439 ; Charles of
" Bellcvue," ii, lOi, 102, 105,
441, 442 ; Charles of " Dud-
dington," ii, 442 ; Charles of
Cork, Ireland, ii, 350, 351 ;
Charles, ii, 378 ; Charles, d.
inf., ii, 437 ; Charles, d. inf.,
ii, 437 ; Charles, ii, 425, 439 ;
Charles, ii, 440 ; Charles, ii,
441

Carroll, Charles, M.D., de-
scended from eldest branch of
the Ely O' Carrolls, i, i ;
related to James Carroll and
the Attorney-General, 2 ; mem-
ber of the Baltimore Iron
Works Company, 23 ; corre-
sponds with Richard Croxall,
23 ; writes to Charles Carroll
of Annapolis, 23 ; dies Sept.
29, 1755, 23 ; had lived forty
years in the colony, 23 ; in-
volved in lawsuit with his

'I'll

Index.

459

Carroll, Charles — Continued.
cousin at time of his death,
25 ; named in will of James
Carroll, ii, 585

Carroll, Charles, barrister, son of
Dr. Charles Carroll, i, 23 ;
graduated at Cambridge, Eng-
land, 193 ; studied law at the
Temple, 190 ; on Land Office
books as " Charles Carroll, bar-
rister-at-law," 181 ; member of
Maryland Committee of (Cor-
respondence, 133 ; delegate to
Maryland Convention, 134 ;
on Council of Safety, 135 ;
chairman of a county political
meeting, 136 ; in Maryland
Convention, 140 ; member of
Baltimore Committee of Ob-
servation, 142 ; a partner in
Baltimore Iron Works Com-
pany, 143 ; ii, 74 ; consents to
contract with Whitecroft, i,
144 ; in Maryland Conven-
tion, 177 ; again in Convention,
186 ; on committee to frame
Bill of Rights and Constitu-
tion, 186; objects to plan for
Constitution, 187 ; resigns from
Convention, ih/, 189 ; in Con-
tinental Congress, 187 ; drafts
Declaration of Rights, iqo ;
legal learning and ability,
190 ; in Maryland Senate,
232 ; present at other sessions,
ii, II, 15, 21 ; accusation made
against him by Chase, 15, 20 ;
carries message to House of
Delegates, 18 ; on committee
to confer as to suspected
persons in prison, 46 ; Sen-
ator selected to present vote
of thanks to Washington, 48 ;
one of committee to draft
message on civil list bill, 57 ;
on joint committee to present
voteof thanks to Rochambeau,
6i ; with C. Carroll of Carroll-
ton drafts message to the
House, 62-64 ; opposes in-

crease of allowance to mem-
bers of Assembly, O4 ; his
death in 1783, 67 ; his nephews
made his heirs and take Car-
roll name, 67

Carroll, Charles Lee, ii, 440 ;
Charles II., ii, 442, 443; Cla-
rissa, Hi'e Mitchell, ii, 443 ;
Daniel of Adamstown, i, 48 ;
Daniel of Litterlouna, i, 3,
59 ; ii, 433, 437 ; Daniel, son
of Anthony of Lisheenboy, ii,
433. 434. 437 I Daniel, brother
of James of Ann Arundel
County, ii, 382, 384; Daniel,
son of Michael, ii, 383 ; Dan-
iel, ii, 378, 380 ; D.miel, i, I2 ;
Daniel (ist)of " Duddington,"
i, 9, 10, 14-18, 68 ; ii, 102,
374-377.437.441 ; Daniel (2d)
of " Duddington," ii, 101,
106, 230, 441, 442 ; Daniel,
Midshipman, C. S. N., ii,
444 ; Daniel, of Upper Marl-
boro', ii, 443 ; Daniel (2d) of
Rock Creek, ii, 444

Carroll, Daniel, of Rock Creek
or Upper Marlboro', son of
Daniel of Upper Marlboro', ii,
443, 447 ; bom July 22, 1730,
443 ; married Eleanor Carroll
of " Duddington," 441, 443 ;
family prominent in Maryland,
i, I, 2 ; mentioned in letter of
Charles Carroll of Annapolis,
35 ; loses his wife, 57 ; ii, 443 ;
corresponds with Charles Car-
roll of Carrollton, i, 78 ; mem-
ber of Maryland Council, 232 ;
ii, 20 ; in Maryland Senate,
75 ; elected President of the
Senate, 75 ; on committee to
draft address to Lafayette. 80 ;
on committee to ' truct Ma-
ryland coniniissioi:cis, 82 ; one
of Senate conferrees on bank-
stock controversy, 84 ; one of
committee to answer House
message on non-jurors bill,
33 : approves permanent sala-

riH

46o

Index,

■It!

£»t ' i

! it

^'"

I'l

Carroll, Daniel — Continued.
ries for judges, 90, 91 ; op-
posed ti) Chabe's management
of bank - stock agency, 92 ;
delegate to the Federal Con-
vention, 99 ; voted with the
Federalists, loS ; in Maryland
Senate, loS ; elected to U. S.
Congress, 117 ; rooms in house
with Charles Carroll of Car-
rollton, 117; signs an address
of Roman Catholics to the 1
['resident of the United States, I
145; called "statesman" to !
distinguish him from his cousin
of same name, 443, 447

Carroll, Daniel Joseph, ii, 442 ;
David Williamson, ii, 444;
Dominick, ii, 378 ; Domi-
nick, son of ^Iichael, ii,
383 ; Kleanor, i, 9, 11, 16,
(>8 ; ii, 376, .377, 437 ; Klca-
nor, (1. inf., ii, 437; Eleanor,
M/f Carroll, i, 18, 57 ; ii, 56,
390, 441 443 ; Kleanor, «/<?
Darnall, i, 152 ; ii, 467 ; Elea-
nor, n<^e Van Swearingen, ii,
435. 43^> ; Elizabeth, m'e
Brooke, i, 18, 21, 31, 40 ; ii,
54, 390, 39 1; 438 : Elizabeth,
n^e Digges, ii, 444 ; Elizabeth,
d. inf., ii, 54, 43S ; Eliza, ii,
54, 438 ; Ella, n^e Thompson,
ii, 440 ; George Atwood, ii,
444 ; George Richard, ii, 444 ;
wife of George Richard, nee
Clarke, 444 ; Hannah, ii, 442 ;
Harriet, n^e Chew, ii, 241,
242, 246, 247. 331, 402, 438 ;
Helen, nee Bennett, ii, 443 ;
Henrietta, ni'e Williamson, ii,
444 ; Henry, i, 9, 10, 12 ; ii,
374, 375, 378, 437 : Henry,
ii, 102 ; Henry of " Dud-
dington," ii, 442 ; Henry of
" Litterluna," ii, 442 ; Cap-
tain Henry, i, 35, 52, 62, 65 ;
Henry of Ballynure, Ireland,
ii, 445 ; Henry Hill, ii, 441,
442 ; Henry James, ii, 436 ;

wife of Henry James, nfe
King, ii, 436 ; James, son of
Anthony of Lisheenboy, ii,
435. 437 ; James, son of Mi-
ciiael, ii, 3S2, 383, 385 ; James,
of Somerset County, i, 2 ; ii,
435, 436 ; James. See Mac-
cubbin
Carroll, James, of Anne Arundel
County, conspicuous figure in
Maryland, i, 2 ; related to Dr.
Charles Carroll and the Attor-
ney-General, 2 ; deputy sur-
veyor and Keeper of the Kent
Rolls, 14 ; granted 3500 acres
of land, 68 ; one of the trus-
tees named in will of Charles
Carroll, Attorney-General, i,
12 ; ii, 378 ; manages the estate
for the heirs, i, 14 ; is god-
father of Chailes Carroll 01
Annapolis, 14 ; ii, 384 ; brother
of Joanna Carroll (Mrs. Rich-
.ird Croxall), i, 24 ; ii, 436 ;
leaves property in his will to
Charles Carroll, his godson, i,
15 ; ii, 384 ; dies at house of
Charles Carroll, in Annapolis,
i, 15 ; account of his funeral,
15 ; his will given, ii, 380-

389
Carroll, Jane, ii, 442 ; John, of
Ireland, i, 50 ; John, of Anne
Arundel County, ii, 435; John,
Archbishop of Baltimore, i, 2,
18, 21. 64, 146, 152, 158, 162,
170, 208, 293 ; ii, 53, 55, 145,
180, 200, 260, 441, 447 ; John
Lee, ii, 53. 72, 243, 247, 249.
250, 265, 271, 276, 280, 283,
286, 290, 292, 297, 299, 306,
328, 439, 440; Judith Carter,
nee Armistead, ii, 436 ; Kean,
i, 59; Kean,i, i ; ii, 443, 447;
l.ouisa, d. inf., 439; Louisa
Rachel, ii, 54, 438; Marion, n^e
Langdon, ii, 440 ; Martha, nie
Underwood, i, 9 ; ii, 437 ;
Mary, i, 9, 11, 17, 18, 68; ii,
376, 377, 437 ; Mary (ist), nde

t \

Index.

461

Carroll, Mary — Continued.
Darnall, i, 9, 15, 18 ; ii, 374-
378, 380, 384, 437, 446 ; Mary
(211(1), Hi'e Darnall, i, 77, 81,
84, 85, 86, S8, 171, 196, 202,
221, 222; ii, 53-55, 43S, 447;
Mary, nee Carroll, ii, 442 ;
Mary, nt'e Hill, i, 57 ; ii,

441 ; Mary, n^e Sewall, ii,
435 ; Mary, nt'c Sterrett, ii,

442 ; Mary Carter, nt'e Thomp-
bon, ii, 439, 440 ; Mary Cor-
nelia, nt'e Read. See Lee ; Mary
Digges (ist), «/<? Lee, ii, 53,
439 ; Mary Digges (2nd), ni'e
Lee, ii, 440, 441 ; Mary Irene,
ii, 440 ; Michael, son of An-
thony of Lisheenboy, i, 48, 50;
". 434. 435. 437 ; Michael,
brother of James of Anne
Arundel County, ii, 382-3S4 ;
Nicholas. See Maccubbin ;
Oswald, d. inf., ii,439 ! fhilip
Acosta, ii, 440 ; Rachel, n^e
Croxall, ii, 436 ; Rebecca,
ii, 442 ; Richard (ist), ii,
436; Richard (2nd), ii, 436;
Robert Goodloe Harper, ii,
440, 441 ; Royal Phelps, ii,
440 ; Samuel Sprigg, ii, 443 ;
Sarah, m'e Rogers, ii, 442 ;
Sarah, w/e' Sprigg, ii, 442, 443;
Susanna, ii, 435 ; Susanne, nt'e
Bancroft, ii, 440 ; Thomas
King, i, 2; ii, 436 ; Thomas
Sim Lee, ii, 425, 439 ; Thomas
Sim Lee, d. inf., ii, 439 ; Wil-
liam, ii, 289 ; William of
Rock Creek, ii, 444 ; William
Thomas, ii, 442, 443

Carroll Arms, i, 8 ; ii, 351, 444,

445
Carroll Family Papers, i, 3, 11,

22, 31, 36, 39. 43. 47-50, 58-
61, 71, 78, 79, 81, 83-S9, 92;
ii, 54, 55, 103, 107, 200, 243,
247, 249-251. 253, 258, 264,
265, 271, 276, 277, 280, 282.
283, 285, 286, 290, 292, 296,
297, 299, 303, 306, 308, 310,

311, 317, 321, 322, 327-329.
331. 351- 3^>2

Carroll graveyard, i, 15

Carroll Papers, Sclmrf Collec-
tion, i, 16, 17

Carroll's Clreen, ii, 66

Carroll's Isle, i, 50

Carrolls of Cariollton, i, 1, 24,
69 ; ii, 433, 437, 445

Carrolls of Ely O'Carroll. i, i.
48, 50 ; ii, 433

Carrolls of Somerset County,
Md., i, 2

Carson, Joseph, ii, 1

Carter, i5ettie, nt'e Lewis, ii,
167 ; Charles, ii, 167 ; koi)ert
of " Noniini," i, 92, 143, 14 j,
203 ; ii, 73, 96, 100

Carter Letter-lionks, i, 144, 203

Carter Papers, ii, 75, ()7

Caton, Joseph, ii, 438 ; Mary,
nt'e Carroll, i, 171, 221 ; ii,
54, 55, 102, 105, 106, 146,
147, 244, 245, 247, 264, 266,
267, 297, 322, 327, 349, 357,

359. 3f'4. 393. 394, 397-399.
403. 404, 406, 407, 411, 412,
418-420, 422, 426-428 ; Rich-
ard, ii, 104, 106, 238, 244,
245, 247, 266, 270, 283, 284,
292, 293, 296, 307, 308, 323,
35f'-358, 39^-398, 415. 416,
419, 420, 433
Catonsville, Md., ii, 106, 420
Chaniblay, i, 152, 155, i6[, 165,
166, 168, 170, 370, 391, 393-

397
Champagny, ii, 280
Charleston, S.C., i, 213. 275 ; ii,

317, 352

Charlestown, i, 237

Chase, Jeremiah Townley, i,
189 ; ii, 112, 215, 259

Chase, Samuel, one of the "Sons
of Liberty," 1, 73 ; has con-
troversy about tithes with
Rev. J. Boucher, 100 ; anec-
dote relating to him and to
Charles Carroll, loi ; one of
the '* Independent Whigs,"

462

Index.

^ \

* )

It i'il

Chase, Samuel — Continued.
106 ; delegate to Continental
Congress, 131 ; introduces Car-
roll to Adams, 131 ; member
of Anne Arundel County Com-
mittee of Correspondence, 132;
on Trovintial Committee of
Correspondence, 133 ; member
of Council of Safety, 135 ;
writes to the Council of Safety
from Congress, 140 ; delegate
to Maryland Convention, 140 ;
appointed commissioner to
Canada, 145 ; mentioned in
Carroll's Journal, 148, 364,
3^^5. 376, 3S5 ; writes from
Montreal to Franklin and
Schuyler, 158 ; writes to Con-
gress and to Schuyler, 161 ;
inspects forts with Carroll,
164, 165, 394 ; writes to Gen-
eral Wooster, 165 ; letter to
General Thomas, i66-i68 ;
leaves Montreal to return to
Philadelphia, 170; incidents
of the journey, 171, 172, 399 ;
interview with Washington,
173 ; in the Maryland Conven-
tion, 178 ; re-elected to Con-
gress, 178 ; impatient for
Maryland to act, 179; writes
to Virginia, 180; letter from
Congress, 184, 185 ; on the
committee to prepare Declara-
tion of Rights and Constitu-
tion, 186 ; resigns from the
Convention, 187 ; in the Oc-
tober Convention, 188, i8g ;
approves construction of Mary-
land Senate, 192 ; elected to
Congress, 199 ; mentioned in
letter of Charles Carroll, 208 ;
is sent by Congress to the
army, 212 ; returns to his seat
in Congress, 219 ; mentioned
in letter of M. Pliarne, 220 ;
again elected to Congress, 233 ;
commissioner to settle ques-
tions of jurisdiction with Vir-
ginia, 234 ; mentioned in let-

ter of Gen. Charles Lee, 236 ;
mentioned in letter of Charles
Carroll, 242 ; in Congress, ii,
I ; on committee with Duer
and Carroll, i ; in the Mary-
land Assembly, 15 ; makes ac-
cusations of treason against
members, 15 ; files a statement
on the subject, 20 ; one of the
House conferrees on the con-
fiscation act, 43 ; sent to Eng-
land to see about Bank of
England stock, 75 ; his letters
and papers read in the Senate,
76 ; his portrait at the State
House, 77 ; named commis-
sioner to settle boundary ques-
tions, 82 ; discussions in the
Assembly over his agency, 83-
85 ; agreement reached to pay
the fees, 92 ; a leader in the
House of Delegates, 99 ; pro-
poses issue of paper money,
99 ; an Antifederalist, 109 ;
writes to General Lamb, 112 ;
more discussion of his bank-
stock agency, 167, 168, 219,
222 ; Judge of the Supreme
Court, 258 ; had been promi-
nent as a Federalist, 258 ;
tried by impeachment for his
action under the sedition law,

258 ; his answer to the articles,

259 ; his acquittal, 260 ; men-
tioned in letters of Charles
Carroll, 312,329; his letters
to Carroll destroyed, 348

Chaunce, Rev. John E., ii., 369
Chesapeake Bay, i, 142, 212,

213, 232-234 ;ii, 2, 39, 82,393
Chesapeake and Ohio Canal

Company, ii, 330
Chesshire, Mr., i, 398, 399
Cb°stertown, i, 140
Chew, Benjamin, ii, 3, 241 ;

Benjamin, Jr. , 242 ; Samuel of

•' Maidstone," ii, 386
Chew family, ii, 241, 242
Chew House. See Country seats,

"Cliveden."

r i

Index.

463

Chicago, ii, 361
China, ii, 130
Christie, Col., i, 387
CIari<, (Jeorge Rogers, ii, 10
Clay. Henry, ii, 319, 333, 353,

366, 367
Clement, J., ii, 26
Clifton, William, i, 49, 94
Clifton estate, i, 93
Clinton, DeWitt, ii, 343; George,

ii, 124,355; Sir Henry, i, 214,

221, 241 ; ii, 6 ; Mrs., ii, 124
Cobb, Mr., ii, 308
Cockburn, Admiral, ii, 303
Cohen, I. J., ii, 365 ; Miss M.

A., ii, 293, 340, 366
Cohooes, Falls of, i, 368, 373
Colt, Roswell L., ii, 424
Commissioners Point, i, 385
Connecticut, ii, 9, 124 ; ii, 237,

270, 347

Contee, Thomas, i, 197

Continental Congress Journals,
i, 182, 184, 204, 205, 220, 235 ;
ii, 2-5

Conway, Genl. Henry Seymour,
i» 35 I Genl : Thomas, i, 204,
225, 230, 231, 236

Conway Cabal, i, 224, 236

Cook, George, ii, 418

Cooke, Mr., ii, 316 ; R.-xchel, i,
76, 78, 79, 81-85 ; William, i,
90, 91 ; ii, 215, 243, 254, 305 ;
William, Jr., ii, 305

Cooke family, ii, 308

Copley, Sir Lionel, i, 4, 5

Corbin, Richard, i, 92, 93

Cork, ii, 350, 351

Corner and Soderholtz's " Ex-
amples of Domestic Architect-
ure in Maryland and Virginia,"

ii, 243
Cornwallis, Lord Charles, i, 231 ;

ii, 46, 332
Coronada, Cal., ii, 196
Coudray, Monsieur de, i, 204
Counties: Anne Arundel, i, 13,
15, 17, 23, 44, 73, 100, 132,
134, 136, 140, 142, 143, 177,
187, 205, 206, 238, 239, 362 ;

ii, 373. 3S0, 3S5-3S7. 3^0. 300.
392, 3')3. 418. 434-430 ; I'alt'-
more, i, 6, 13, 23, 41, 68, ido ;

ii, 377, 3''i, 383,420, 441,442;
Urndford, Pa., ii, 321 ; Bucks,
Pa., i, 213; Calvert, ii, 232,
381, 446 ; Cecil, ii. 435 i
Charles, i, 13, 15 ; ii, 387 ;
Charlotte, N. Y., i, 373 ; Cul-
pepper, Va., ii, 167, 447 ; Fair-
fax, Va., i, 94; Frederick, i,
4i,67-f)(), ux);ii, 42,403,409.
447 ; Galloway, Ireland, i, 50;
Ilarford, ii, 115 ; Hertford-
shire, Eng., i, 2 ; ii, 445, 44*^' I
Howard, ii, 362, 440 ; Kent, i,
13, 140 ; King's, Ireland, i,
I, 48. 59 ; ii, 433, 434, 437;
I.oudon, Va., ii, 360; Mont-
gomery, ii, 326, 444 ; Prince
George's, i, 6, 9, 13, 15, 17, 4i.
68. 88; ii, 375, 3S1, 385. 387,
441, 444, 446. 447 ; Queens'
Ireland, i, 48 ; St. Mary's, i, 13,
203 ; ii, 44, 49, 232, 435, 447 ;
Somerset, i, 13, 198 ; ii, 381,
435, 43f» ; Surrey, Eng., ii,
437 ; Talbot, ii, 49 ; Tioga, N.
Y., ii, 270, 400; Tipperary,
Ireland, i, 50; ii, 3S1, 434,
437 ; Tompkins, N. Y., ii, 330 ;
Tryon, N. Y., i, 214 ; Wash-
ington, ii, 144, 441 ; Westmor-
land, Va., i, 13, 92, 95 ; Wor-
cester, i, 198
Country Scats. Manors and Plan-
tations : " Arlington" Va., ii,
332, 333 ; " Ayno," ii, 385,
387 ; " Beechwood," ii, 244 ;
"Belair," (Bel Air) i, 39; ii,
245, 327 ; " Belvedere," ii,
244-246, 333 ; " Bellevue," ii,
441, 442 ; "Bin," ii. 383;
"Bright Seat," ii, 385, 387;
" Brookefield," i, 2, 9; ii, 446;
" Brooklandwood," ii, 238,
244, 245, 267, 272. 284. 391,
419, 421 ; " Bushford," i, 13 ;
" Carrollsburgh," i, 15, 17, 18;
ii. 385, 387, 441 ; " Carroll's

MffiiR

464

Index.

* '*r

If^

! ■'.

Country Seats — ContinueJ. I

Delight."!. 17, 18; "Carroll's, '
Forest," i. 6 ; " Carrollton I
Manor," i. 61. 67-69; ii, 250,
278. 32S ;" Chance," i. 41, 61;
" Cheney's Plantation," ii, 385, 1
387 ; " Cliveden," ii, 242, 244 ; \
"Clynnialyra,"i,6, 41 ; "He la '
Rrooke," i, 2 ; " Douglioregan
Manor," i, i, 6, 23, 37,41,61,
67, 72. 136, ic)6, 205, 206, 223 ;
ii, 53, 74, loi, 142, 200, 202.
216, 229, 244, 250, 252, 254,

256, 260, 265, 266, 268, 269,

277, 278, 285, 286, 297. 293,
304, 306, 315, 317, 322-329,

330. 33^ 335, 339. 34". 342,
343, 34<^, 348, 353, 355-357,
362, 363, 393, 395, 416, 418,
420-422, 424, 425, 427. 428,
433. 439; " r^ruid Hill," ii,
244 ; " Duddington Manor,"
i.g ; ii, 441, 442 ; Edges Addi-
tion, ii, 393 ; Edges Advance,
ii, 393 ; Encles Good Will, ii,
377 ; " Enfield Chase." i. 6 ; ii,
375; "Elyo Carroll," i, 6.
41 ; " Garrison Forest." ii,
436; "Green Mount," ii,
244; " Green Spring." Va., i,
92; "Hampton," ii, 244;
" Hesse," Va., ii. 43(> ;
" Homewood," ii, 243, 247,
265, 415 ; " Hop Yard," ii,
383 ; Litterluna. Ireland, ii.
433, 437 ; " Litterluna," Md,
(Litreach-Luna.) i, 6, 41 ; ii,
441, 442; "Maidstone," ii,
386 ; " Melwood." ii, 56, 245,
327, 441 ; " Moreland Manor,"
N. Y., ii, 400; "Mount Dil-
lon," ii, 436 ; " Mount Ver-
non," Va., 03, 159; "My
Lord's Kindness," See " Pop-
lar Hill," "Needwood." ii,
444; "Nomoni Hall," Va.,i,
203 ; "Notley Hall," i, 9; ii,
441 ; " Oakland," ii, 266, 400;
" Oxon Hill," ii, 245 ; " Perry
Hall," ii, 286; "Poplar Hill,"

ii. 215-247 ; Pork Hall, ii, 383,
384 ; " Portland Manor," i, 2;
ii, 446 ; Push Pin, ii, 326 ;
Ridgeiy and Tylor's Chance,
ii, 385, 387 ; " St. Clements,"
i, 13 ; "Sotterly," ii, 49 ;
"The Barrens." i, 17 ; "The
Cottage." ii. 444: "The
Farm." ii, 393; "The Folly."
ii, 395, 420, 427 ; The Clirls'
Portion, ii, 326. 446; "The
Hermitage." N. Y., ii, 442;
"The Homestead," ii, 243,
244; "The Woodyard." i, 2;
ii, 245, 246 ; Trusty Friend,
ii. 393 ; " Tudor Hall," ii, 44 ;
Underwood's Choice, i, 9 ;
Vale of Jehosophat, i, 44 ;
" Warlnirton," ii. 444 ; "West-
wood," i, 13; "Wye House,"
ii, 49

Cowjjcns, battle of, ii. 142

Craik, Dr. James, ii, 15

Crawford, William H.,ii, 331, 333

Crouchs' Mills, i, 215

Crown and Anchor Tavern, Lon-
don, i, 67, 90, 91

Crown Point, i, 146, 150, 170,
206, 3S1. 383. 39S

Croxall. Charles, i. 24; ii, 436,
Eleanor, Ut'e Buchanan, ii, 436;
James Carroll, ii, 436; Joanna,
tu'c Carroll, i, 24 ; ii. 377. 383,
436 ; Rebecca, uce Moale, ii,
436; Richard (rst), ii, 3S4,
436; Richard (2d), i, 23, 24,
35; ii, 436; Richard (3d), ii,
436

Croxall Family Bible, ii, 436

Cruckshank (Crookshanks) Rob-
ert (?) i, 34, 44

Cuba, ii, 279

Cumberland Bay, i, 385, 389

Cumberland Head, i, 385, 397

Gumming, William, i, 17

Custis, George Washington
Parke, ii, 332, 333

Dalton, Tristram, ii, 135, 169
Dana, Francis, i, 225, 325 ; ii, 3

Index.

465

Darling. Gen. Charles W. , ii,

343
Darnall, Anne, «»v Digges, ii,
446, 447 ; Anne, lu'c 'I'iilbot,
i, 447; Anne, i, 88 ; ii, 447 ;
Elinor, ucc Hattnn, widow of
Col. Tlionias Hrooke, i, 9 ; ii,
446 ; Klinor, ni!e Brooke, ii,

446 ; Elizabeth, tit'e I, owe. ii,
446; Henry of Birels-Tlace,
ii, 446; Henry, i, 44<^> ; Col.
Henry, i, 5, 7, 9 ; ii, 446 ;
Henry of " The Woodyard,"
i, 12, 14, 17; ii, 37H, 380,
446, 447 ; Henry of " I'orlland
Manor," ii, 446 ; Henry of
"Poplar Hill," i, 45.46: ii.

447 ; Henry, Jr., i, 87, 88 ;
ii, 447 ; Jolin, ii, 446 ; John,
ii, 446 ; John, ii, 447 ; John,
of Virginia, ii, 447 ; Mrs.
Mary, ii, 446-448 ; Miss,
ii, 103, 105 ; Philip, of Lon-
don, ii, 446, 448 ; Philip,
ii, 446 ; Rachel, ne'e Brooke,
i, 87, 88, 171, 221, 232 ; ii,

53-55, 390. 447 : R.-^lph, ii.
446 ; Susannah, lu'e Bennett.
See Lowe ; Sir Thomas, ii,
446
Darnall family, i, 2, 18 ; ii, 245,

445
Davis, Ignatius, ii, 409
Day, Francis, ii, 384
Dean, Mr., ii, 328
Deane, Silas, i, 204, 205, 227,

228
Decatur, Commodore Stephen,

ii, 283, 284, 308, 320, 321 ;

Mrs., 283, 284, 308, 320-322,

327
Declaration of Independence, i,
180, 181, 183 ; ii, 116, 319,

324, 325. 333, 337-339. 341.
343. 344. 347, 349. 361. 3f>6
Dc Haas, Colonel, i, 165, 168,

396, 397
Delaplaine, Joseph, ii, 206, 311,

312
Delaplaine's " Repository, Lives

and Portraits of Distinguished
Americans," ii, 311. 312
Delaware, ii, 2, 9, 42, 92, 331,

435
Delaware Bay, i, 213 ; ii. 2
Dc Linicrs, Captain, ii, 274
Dent, Cicorge, ii, 172
D'Estaing, Admiral, ii, 30
Detroit, i, ifi2, 175 ; ii, 197
Dickinson, John, i, 90, 232
Didier, Eugene L., ii, 352
Dieskau, Baron, i, 29, 374
Digges, Catharine, ii, 442 ;
Charles, i, 88 ; ("iiarles, ii,
442; Daniel Carroll, ii, 442;
Edward, ii, 446; Elizabeth,

fit'e Sewall, (widow of

Wharton), ii, 44O ; Elizabeth,
tu'e Darnall, ii, 446 ; George
Attwood, ii, 442 ; Ignatius of
" Melwood," i, 49, 94 ; ii,
441 ; Jolin, ii, 385 ; Jf'seph,
i, 88; Katharine, //(> Darnall,
ii, 447 ; Mary, nee Carroll, i,
18; ii, 56, 390, 441 ; Norah,
nee Carroll, ii., 442 ; Robert,
ii, 442 ; Col. William, ii, 446 ;
William, i, 94; William, jr.,
i, 88 ; William Dudley, ii, 442 ;
William Dudley, ii., 442
Digges family, ii, 245
Dirguill, Ireland, country of, i, 48
Dis>5entients of Charles Carroll
of Carrollton, i, 200 ; ii, 16,
17, 58-61,68-72, 8r, 82, 85-88,

173-176

District of Columbia, ii, 322,

330, 366, 442
Doans, Mr., i, 212
Donoho's tavern, i, 391, 397
Dongan, Lord, ii, 434, 437
Dorsey, Col. Thomas, i, 142 ;

Thomas, ii, 391, 392; Mrs.

Vernon, ii, 447
Douai, University of, i, 2
Dover, Del., i, 237
Dover, Mr., i, 371
Draper, Lyman C, ii, 344
Draper's "Autograph Collections

of the United States," ii, 344

466

Index.

Ltl 'I

i A

!■ t

Pruminond, SirCiordon, ii, 30.1
I )iil)lin (iistlf, ii, 433
Diililiii, Iicland, ii, 35'J
Dubois, Major, i, i<ii
|)iii)ourjT, Kev. Willimi, ii, 401
hiicoudray, Monsieur, i, 22'),

227
I)ucr, William, i, 205, 225, 23');

ii, I, 3

Dalany, Anne, «/<• Taskcr, \\.\\ ;
Daniel, i, 17, 104 ; ii, 371)

Diilany, Daniel (2nd), son of
I )anicl, connniss!iry-j;encral
and altorncy-{,'encral, i, 104 ;
in London, 1701, (\% ; wrole
jianipldet aj^ainst the Stamp
Act, Toi, 102, 104; Seirttary
of Maryland, 102 ; distin-
{.Miislitd as a jurist, 100, Ji)2 ;
josiah Quincy's tribute, 102 ;
tics binding; him to the {govern-
ment, 103, 104 ; his contro-
versy with Charles Carroll of
Carrollton, 106-127, 245-362;
McMahon's estimate of his
essays, 10 1 ; partner in the
iJaltiinore Iron Works Com-
pany, 143 ; consents to contract
for erecting iron mills for the
State, 143. 144

Dulany family, i, 103, 104 ; ii, 49

Dulany, Lloyd, i, 52, 64, gi,
130; ii, 4<) ; Mary, nt'e Graf-
ton, ii, 66 ; Walter, i, 98, 104

Dulany's " Considerations," etc.,
i, 102, 33t

Dumfries, Va., i, 203

Dunkirk, France, i, 11 ; ii, 254

Dunlevy, Mr., ii, 316 ; Mrs.,
ii, 316

Dutch loan. Sec Van Staphorst
claim

Dutchmen, i, 368

D'Vrujo, Spanish minister, ii,
253, 254

Earlc, Eleanor, nt'e Carroll, ii,
435 ; James, ii, 435 ; Mary,
n,!c Carroll, ii, 435 ; Michael,
ii. 435

Eastern .States. Set New Eng-
land
l'".alon, (jeorge O., ii, 435
iCilen, Lady ('nroline, >i,'t' ("al-
vert. i, 104; Sir Kol)ert, i,
94, 9S, 104, 105. 124, isi, 265,

3M>: ii, 57
Kli/abethiown, N. J., 172, 41 o
Klk KidgelLIk Kidge Landing),

i, 72, 73, 142, 171, 232, 34H;

i«, 393
Ellicoll, Henjaniin.ii. 444 ; Mary,

Ui'i- I'arioll, ii, 444
Ellicott City, Clerk's Ollice

Records, ii, 'iin
Elliot's " Del)atcs of State

Conventions," ii, iii
Ellsworth, Oliver, ii, 120, 121,

123, 124, 12S, I2y, 147, 149.

I5'». 15?, 161, 162
Elmer, Jonathan, i, 220 ; li,

170
Ely O'Carroll, Irelanu, country

of, i, 4fi
Emmet, Dr. Thomas Addis, i,

139. i^>f^ ; ii, 9, 199

England, i, 2. 5, 7, 8, 9, 25, 28,
40, 42. 53, 9'\ 92, 121, 1 31),
139, 241, 283, 289, 290, 292,

295. 313,331. 341 ; ii, 10, 27,
30, 36. 66, 75, 200, 201, 202,
207, 217, 241, 252, 254-257,
259, 263, 264, 267-270, 272.
277, 280, 282, 2S8, 289, 291,
294, 296, 298, 299, 300, 302,
303, 322, 331, 350, 352, 356,

.361, 3S4, 385. 439
Erie Canal, ii, 337, 33S
Essenden, P-ngland, ii, 445, 4(6
Esterhazy, Count, ii, 443; Sarah,
«/t' Carroll, Countess, (ni. ist
Gen. C. Griffin), ii, 443

Falkner, Mr., i, 21

Falmouth, Eng., i, 238

Faris, Mr., i, 385

Federal Congress, Executive
Journal, ii, 136, 140, 166

Federal Congress, Senate Jour-
nal, ii, 1(8, 120, 123, 126,

'I M'!

hldi

ex.

467

Federal Congress — Con/inn ft/.
120, 135-140. 142, 145. '4^.

»5i. 155. 157. »5«. '<»'. i^^-
170, 179

Kedenil t^jnslitution, ii, 108,

109, III, 112, 114. ii(>, 123,

131, 135. 138, 130. 143. 14').
ir,2-i54, 174, 177. 178, iSf),
187, 205, 208, 210-212, 213,
214, 215. 299, 302. 354

Fcnncr, Governor, of Rhode Isl-
and, ii, 237
Ferdinand VIF., of Spain, ii,

3 -'I
Ferrol, France, ii, 30
Few, William, ii, i?3, 129, 131,

132, 145, 147. '!^b

Fiam (Florenc ' King of El;,

Ireland, i, i
Field, K., artist, ii, 26.,
Fisher, R. \V,, ii, ; ^9
Fishei's Mills, i, 215
Fiteau, Messrs. Mat., i "4
Fitzgerald, Col. John, i, 201,

202, 213, 214 : ii, 100, loi
Filzhiigh, Anna, ii, 443 ; Anne
E., «/(? Carroll, ii, 443 ; Carroll,
ii, 443 ; Catharine D., w.V
Brent, ii, 442 ; Gen. Charles
Lane, ii, 443; Daniel Can oil,
ii, 442 ; Daniel H., ii, 442 ;
Edith Frances, ttc'e Dantry, ii,
443 ; Elizabeth Barbara, Ht'c
Carroll, ii, 442, 443 ; Emma,
tt/e Shoenberger, ii, 443 ;
George, ii, 443; Gerrit, ii,
443; Henry, ii, 442, 443;
Henry, ii, 443 ; Henry, ii,
443; Maria, *t/e Carroll, ii,
442 ; Maria A., uA- Fitzhugh,
ii, 442 ; Mary M., n/e Bell,
ii, 443 ; Robert H., ii, 442 ;
Col. Robert Hughes, ii, 443 ;
Col. William of " Rousby
Hall," i, 187, 189; ii, 48 ;
William Dana, ii, 443 ; Wini-
fred T.ee, fi/e Poe, ii, 443
Fitzredmund, William, ii, 378
Fitzsimons, Thomas, i, 129, 145,

Florida (the Floridas), i, 2fi ; ii,

254, 2^)1, 272
Flowers, (Commissary, i, 2l8
T'olsom, Nathaniel, i, 235
Forbes, fames, i, 235; ii, 5, 11
Ford, Worthington C, i, 94,

")i ; ii. 3«3. 35^J
Ford's " Writings of Washing-

t(m," i, 94, 173, 235; ii, 167,

206
V'orrest, Uiiah,ii, no, 191, 232,

233
Forts : Ann, N. Y., i, 398 ; Con-
stitution, N. Y., i, 3^)5-3^17 ;
Cumberland, Md., i, 95 ; ii,
144, 230; l)u Qiicsne, Va.,i,
20; ii, 159; lulward, N. Y.,
i,' 150, 172, 371-373. 370 i
I-lric, N. Y., ii, 304 ; George,
N. Y., i, 150, 155, 172, 372-
375. 3')') ; Mcllenry, Md., ii,
333; Miller, N. Y., i, 371,
372 ; Montgomery, N. Y., i,
221, 365 ; Mount Indepcnd-
CT-p, N. Y., 206; I'itt, .S<v
I)u Quesne; St. Anne's Can-
ada, i, 393; St. Frederic, N.Y.,
i, 29 ; Schuyler. N. Y., i, 214;
Washington, IM. Y., i, 196;
William Henry, N. Y., i, 374
Foster's " List of Admissions

to (iray's Inn," i, 9

Four r.rothcrs, islands of, i, I5t

Fox, Charles James, ii, 264, 267

France, i,2, 13, 25, 27,3.'? 35. 40

44, 145, 202, 204, 205, 208,227

228, 239-242, 396 ; ii, 6, 10,

27, 30.31. 41. 50. 51, 7f». !'>•.
103, xA), 134, iji, 172, 181,
195, 200, 201, 202, 207, 216,
218, 224, 235, 241, 254-257,
261-264, 268, 269, 271-273,
276, 277, 280-2S2, 284, 285,
288-290, 295, 303, 309, 323-

325.341. 350.440, 441

Franconia, i, 51

Francy, Mr., ii, 6

Franklin, Benjamin, i, 145, 157,
158, 162, 163, 170, 173, 202,
204, 205, 363, 376, 393; ii,

.(,,

468

Index,

Franklin, Benjamin — Con.
25, 26, 43, 149, 150, 238, 312,

Fredericksburg, Va., i, 233 ; ii,

100
Fredericktown, Md., i, 6g, 72,

95. 137 ;ii. 42
Freeman, Mr., ii, 204
French, Captain, i, 217
French and Indian War, i, 19,

25-29, 380, 3°i, 383, 388
French Neutrals, (Acadians), i,

27, 28
Frisby, William, ii, 435
Fuller, Cornelia, nee Carroll,

ii, 443 ;K. r., ii, 443

Gaines, Gen. Edmund Pendle-
ton, ii, 304
Gaither, Edward, Jr., ii, 391,

392
Gale, George, ii, 82, 98, 117
Gallager, Mr., ii, 305
Gallatin, Albert, ii, 309, 314
Galloker, John B., ii, 388, 389
Gantt, Mary, n^e Tabb, ii, 443 ;

Thomas J., ii, 443
Gardner, Luke, ii, 379
Gardoqui and Sons, ii, 4
Gardoqui, Don Diego, ii, 124
Garvey, gunmaker, i, 53
Gaspe, Gaspesie (Gaspiesie,)

Canada, i, 26
Gassaway, Thomas, ii, 392
Gates, Gen. Horatio, i, 138, 172-

174, 206, 214, 224, 225, 231,

236, 238, 399 ;ii, 3,80
Genesee country, N. V., ii, 442
Georgia, i, 25 ; ii, 9, 28, 76, 148,

149, 158, 165
Georgetown College, i, 67 ; ii,

loi
Georgetown, D. C, ii, loi, 229,

446
Germantown, Pa., i, 220, 232 ;

ii, 140, 142 ; battle of, i, 229,

230 ; ii, 242
Germany, i, 40, 238, 239 ; ii,

264, 271, 282, 284, 295
Gerry, Elbridge, ii, 4

Ghent Belgium, i, 44 ; ii, 306 ;

treaty of, ii, 307
Gibbons, William, ii, 361
Giles, William Branch, ii, 195,

257
Gilman, Nicholas, ii, 257
Gilmor family, ii, 308
Gilmor, Robert, ii, 244, 348, 349 ;

Mrs., ii, 348
Godard, Miss, i, 232
Goldsborough, Judge H. N., ii,

436 ; Robert, i, 131, 133, 136,

197, 198; ii, 13. 36, 50
Gouvion, Monsieur de, i, 204
Gracie, Mr., ii, 310
Graham family, ii, 198
Grahame, Charles, i, 198
Grand Isle, Lake Cliamplain, i,

389
Grange, Anita Maria, nie Car-
roll, Baronne de la, ii, 440 ;
Louis, Baron de la, ii, 440
Gravel Hill, N. Y., 365, 367
Graveling (Gravelines), France,

i. II
Graves, William, i, 66, 71, 75,

77, 8r, 84, 86, 88-90
Gratz, Simon, i, 165
Grayson, William, ii, 128, 130,

134. 135, 142, 149
Great on, Joseph, ii, 388
Green, Frederick, ii, 57
Green Spring Valley, Md., ii, 244
Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, ii, 66,

250
Greg, Percy, ii, 319
Greg's " History of the United

States," ii, 319
Gresham, John, ii, 379
Griffin, Gen. Charles, ii, 443
Griswold's " Republican Court,"

ii, 117, 166, 242
Grove, Sylvanus, ii, 44, 45
Grovenor, Lord, ii, 316
Gunn, James, ii, 149

Hagerstown, Md., ii, 442
Hall, Benjamin, i, 12 ; ii, 378 ;

Francis, ii, 385 ; John, i, 133 ;

ii, 97, 98

Ifidex.

469

4 ; ii, 306 ;

361

:h, ii, 195,

257

4,348,349;

H. N., ii,
, 133, 136,
>, 50
e, i, 204

198

amplain, i,

a, «/(? Car-
a, ii, 440;
ii, 440

65, 367

s), France,

66, 71, 75,
o

, 128, 130,

Vld.,ii, 244
liel, it, 66,

he United

", 443
an Court,"

h45
6

442

; ii, 378 ;
in, i, 133 ;

Hamilton, Alexander, i, 193 ; ii,
147, 150, 160, 162, 180, 181,
201, 202. 235, 236, 238, 241,
245, 257 ; Elizabeth, n/e
Schuyler, i, 148, 368 ; ii, 181,
236

Hamilton's '* Works of Alexan-
der Hamilton," ii, 18 1, 236,
238, 241

Hammond, John, i, 64; John,
ii, 381 ; Matthias, i, 100

Hanbury, Osgood, ii, 44, 45

Hancock, John, i, 171, 181 ; ii,

364

Hands, Thomas B., i, 198

Hanson, Alexander, ii, 280, 281,
291 ; Alexander Contee, i, 191;
ii, 105, 190, 313; George A.,
i, 190 ; Judge, ii, 337 ; Mil-
dred, i, 38; Mr., i, 59; Mr.,
ii, 289

Hanson's " Edition of the Laws
of Maryland," ii, 313

Hanson's " Old Kent," i, igo ;

ii, 435
Hardwicke, Philip Yorke, Earl

of, i. 53, 326

Harewood, Md., estate of, ii, 347

Harford, Henry, ii, 91

Harper, Catherine, nee Carroll,
ii, 103, 105-107, 200, 249, 259,
266, 267, 286, 304, 310, 315,
316, 318, 321, 331, 357, 359,
394, 399, 403, 405-407, 409,
412, 418, 419, 426, 427, 438,
439; Catherine Carroll, ii, 440;
Charles Carroll, ii, 285, 314,

315, 318, 395, 400, 405, 407.
419, 427, 439 ; Charlotte, nc^e
Chifielle, ii, 439; Emily Louisa
Hinton, ii, 395,. 400, 405-407,
419, 439 ; Harriet Ladson, ii,
440; Mary Diana, ii, 285, 314,
439 ; Richard Caton, ii, 285,
286, 439 ; Robert Goodloe, ii,

316, 395, 400, 405-407, 419.

439
Harper, Robert, Goodloe, b. in

Virginia, 1765, ii, 249 ; a sol-
dier of the Revolution, 250 ;

sent to Congress from South
Carolina, 1795, 250; became a
Federalist later, 250; in U. S.
Senate, 250 ; eminent as lawyer
and statesman, 249 ; writes in
defence of Jay's treaty, ii, 203;
writes pamphlet on mode of ap-
pointing presidential electors,
235 ; marries Catherine Car-
roll, 249, 439; corresponds with
Charles Carroll, 250, 25 t ; de-
fends Chase in the impeach-
ment trial, 258 ; drives from
Baltimore to Washington in
his "coachee," 266; letters
to him from Charles Carroll,
267 ; charged with being im-
plicated in Burr's conspiracy,
277 ; his opinions quoted in
letter of Charles Carroll, 279 ;
fur'her correspondence with
Charles Carroll, 280-282 ; goes
to Doughoregan Manor with
his children, 285 ; gives Carroll
the news from Washington,
294 ; is consulted by him on
constitutional questions, 299 ;
attends session of Court of Ap-
peals in Annapolis, 300 ; ex-
amines into the conduct of
Carroll's overseer, 301, 302 ;
makes a speech at Annapolis,
302 ; Charles Carroll writes to
him in Baltimore, 304-306 ; is
commissioned brigadier-gen-
eral of militia, 307 ; is again in
Congress, 308 ; goes with Mrs.
Harper to Ballslon Springs,
310 ; sends his daughter to
school in France, 314 ; sails
with his wife for Europe, 315 ;
is received by the iJuke of
Wellington, 316 ; is again in
Washington, 320 ; is staying
with a party at Doughoregan
Manor, 324, 325 ; visits his
brother-in-law in New York,

330 ; his death in Baltimore,

331 ; mentioned in Charles
CairoU'sWill, 400, 427

470

Index.

\i J

> yi

'!<;

m :

Harrison, Benjamin, i, 182, 203,
236 ; Robert Hanson, ii, 52,

99
Hartford, Conn., ii, 347
Hartford Convention, ii, 334
Harvard College Library, Lee

papers, ii, 26, 33 ; Sparks

MSS., i, 168, 176, 211 ; ii, 31
Harvey, Carroll, ii, 436 ; Mar-

geret, n^e Carroll, ii, 436 ;

Mr., ii, 436
Hatteras, Cape, ii, 105
Hatton, Richard, ii, 446
Hatton family, i, 2
Havanna, ii, 287
Havre de Grace, ii, 79
Hawkins, William, i, 117, 278,

326, 327
Haydon, Rev. Horace Edwin,

i. 145
Hayden's "Charles Carroll of

CarroUton," i, 145 ; ii, 321
Hazen, Colonel, i, 151, 152,

391
Heath, General, i, 148, 366
Hemsley, William, ii, 39, 93
Henderson, Rev. Jacob, ii, 379
Henrick, Captain, i, 45
Henry, Daniel Maynadier, ii,

191
Henry, John, Member of Conti-
nental Congress, i, 235 ; sends
acts of Parliament to Gov.
Johnson, 238 ; writes to Wil-
liam Lux, and forwards money
from Congress, 242 ; has leave
of absence, ii, 4 ; re-elected to
Congress, 11 ; in the Maryland
Assembly, 43 ; votes to ratify
the Articles of Confederation,
44 ; on committee to confer
about suspected persons in
prison, 46 ; on an important
joint committee, 50 ; one of a
committee to draft message on
civil list bill, 57 ; with Charles
Carroll presents address to
General Washington, 76 ; on
committee to amend bill lay-
ing a duty on British vessels,

77 ; on committee to prepare
address to Lafayette, 79 ; ob-
jects to emission of paper
money, 94, 95 ; chairman of
committee to answer a mes-
sage from the House, 97 ;
elected to the United States
Senate, 115 ; has rooms on
Queen street, 117; takes his
seat, 118 ; obtains the long
term in Congress, 123 ; in
Washington's box at the the-
atre, 124; votes against
amendment to increase num-
ber of representatives, 140 ;
votes against Pennsylvania on
the residence bill, 142 ; in the
2d session of first Congress,
145 ; votes against Rhode Isl-
and bill, 151 ; conversation
with William Maclay, 162 ;
with Carroll, writes letter to
Gov. Howard, 165 ; in the
Maryland Senate, 167 ; again
in Congress, 168, 172 ; in-
structed to vote for open ses-
sions of U. S. Senate, 178 ;
disregards instructions, 179 ;
is censured by the House of
Delegates, 188 ; receives let-
ters from Charles Carroll, 189,
191 ; elected Governor of
Maryland, 218 ; writes to
Charles Carroll about John
Adams, 249

Henry, J. Winfield, ii, 193 ;
Patrick, i, 133, 179; ii, 134;
William Wirt, ii, 10

Henry's " Life of Patrick
Henry," ii, 10

Henry's " Memoir of John
Henry," ii, 191

Henzell, Captain, i, 134

Herbert William, Lord Powis,

i, 3
Herman's Manor, Md., i, 18
Ilervey, Col., Sir Felton Bath-

urst, ii, 314, 316, 433
Hesselius, John, i, 95 \
Hessians, i, 214, 223

LideXt

471

Hickes, Major, i, 398

Higgins, Mary, ii, 383

Hill, Anne, nee Darnall, ii,
446 ; Clement, ii, 446 ; Clem-
ent, i, 17, 40, 41 ; Henry, i,
57; ii, 441 ; Richard, ii, 386

Hill, Lord, ii, 305

Hindman, William, ii, 17, 84

Hinsdale, B. A., ii, 10

Hinsdale's " Old Northwest,"
ii, 10

Hoadley, Charles J., ii, 347

Hodgson, Adam, ii, 323

Hodgson's " Letters from North
America," ii, 325

Holland, i, 24 ; ii, 28, 264, 435

Hollyday, James, ii, 183

Holt, Sir John, Chief-Justice, i,

331

Hood, Zachariah, i, 72, 73

Hooe, Robert, i, 189

Hooper, Maria, nee Carroll, ii,
444; Mr., ii, 444

Hope, General, ii, 281

Hopkins, Stephen, ii, 364

Hopkinson, Mr., i, 23

Hornby Castle, England, ii, 314

Horsey, Anna, «/-? Carroll, ii,
444 ; Outerbridge, ii, 444

Houses, Mrs., ii, 195

Howard, Benjamin, ii, 329 ;
George, ii, 418

Howard, Col. John Eager, dis-
tinguished in the Revolu-
tion, ii, 142 ; hero of battle
of Cowpens, 142 ; handsome
country-seat on outskirts of
Baltimore, 244 ; liberal gifts
of ground to the city, 244 ;
gave site for the Washington
monument, 244; married
" Peggy Chew" during session
of Federal Convention, 242 ;
Washington present at the
ceremony, 242 ; elected Gov-
ernor of Maryland, 142 ; re-
ceives letter from Maryland
Senators, Henry and Carroll,
165 ; in the Maryland Senate,
183 ; with Carroll, drafts mes-

sage on the militia bill, 183 ;
appointed presidential elector,
igo ; favors the election of
John Adams, 190 ; in Con-
gress, 242, 232, 233 ; Charles
Carroll of CarroUtou visits him
at " Belvedere," 245 ; loses liis
wife, 329 ; his grief at her
death, 329 ; receives Lafayette
in Baltimore, 332, 333 ; enter-
tains him at "Belvedere,"
333 ; in the procession at the
memorial services over Adams
and Jefferson, 342

Howard, John Eager, Jr., ii,
308, 411-414; Margaret, nee
Chew, ii, 241, 242, 244, 240,
329 ; Mary Weilesley, nee
McTavish, ii, 357; Mrs., nee
Croxall, ii, 436 ; Dr. Wil-
liam, ii, 411-414

Howe, Lord, i, 150, 379 ; Rich-
ard, Viscount, i, 212 ; ii, 6 ;
Gen. Sir William, i, 206, 213,
215, 223, 231, 241, 3C6; ii,

3, 15
Hoxton, Walter, i, 21, 25, 31,

64
Hubbard, Robert J., ii, 201
Hughes, Samuel, ii, 79, 80, 190
Hunt, Wornell, ii, 376
Hunter, James, ii, 100
Huntington, Samuel, ii, 3
Hurley, Mr., ii, 385
Hussey, Mr., i, 66, 91
Hyde Park, London, ii, 203

He Royal, British America, i, 25
India (Indies), ii., 130; East, ii,

268 ; West, ii, 30, 31, 200,

203, 260, 268, 279
Indian missions, ii, 180 ; trade, i,

154,155. i(>3, 175 ; treaties, ii,

140, 165, 166, 197 ; tribes, i,

155. 175 ; ii, 140, 148, 179. 180

Indians, i, 30, 154, 162, 165,
387 ; Creek, ii, 165, 166 ;
Five Nations, ii, 180

Inns of Court, Gray's Inn, i,
9 ; »', 445

rfyjfi^

472

Index.

^5» ii

J i

ll I

Ireland, i, 3, 6, 23, 50, 53 ; ii,

30. 277, 350-352, 357. 361,

381, 433-435
Ireland, Captain, i, 232
Irish Brigades, i, 20(j, 227
Isle, aux Noix, i, 382, 387, 388,

391 ; aux Tetes, i, 387, 390;

de Belle Coeur, i, 389 ; la

Motte, i, 151, 386, 389 (Lake

Cbamplain)
Italy, ii, 264, 295
Izard, ii, 119, 124, 129, 131,

136, 150, 152, 153, 157; Mrs.,

ii, 124

Jacobite, i, 12

Jackson, Gen, Andrew, ii, 308,
333. 334, 353, 366; Captain,
i, 129, 130; Isaac Rand, ii,
438 ; Louisa Catherine, n^e
Carroll, ii, 321, 400, 403, 406,
407, 412, 414, 415, 438

Jacques Cartier, post of, i, 155,
162, 166, 175

Jamaica, island of, i, 277, 360 ;
ii, 261

Jay, John, ii, 28, 202-204, 207,
211, 214, 312, 355

Jay's " Correspondence and Pub-
lic Papers," ii, 203

Jay's Treaty, ii, 202-205, 207,
215, 256, 312

Jeams, George, ii, 384

Jefferson MSS., State Depart-
ment, ii, 172

Jefferson, Thomas, ii, log, ir7,
156, 158, 160, 161, 166, 1C8,
170, 171, 180, 203, 207, 234-
237, 23g, 240, 249, 251, 253,
259, 332, 337, 339-341, 358

Jenifer, Daniel, of St. Thomas,
on Council of Safety, i, 135 ;
receives letter from Charles
Carroll, 137 ; collects specie
for Canada Campaign, 143 ;
elected to Maryland Senate,

197 ; President of the Senate,

198 ; on committee to instruct
Maryland Commissioners, 234;
in Congress, ii, ii ; President

of Maryland Senate, 15 ; de-
nies charges made against him
by S. Chase, 15 ; objects to
voting on Confiscation bill,
36 ; on committee to settle
questions of jurisdiction with
Virginia, 82 ; elected delegate
to Federal Convention, gg

Jenifer, Mr., i, 44,64, 74

Jenison, Mr,, i, 62

Jennings, Edmund, i, 64, 66, 73,
84, 95, 96, 102, 180 ; ii, 31,
33 ; Thomas, ii, 11, 13-15, 20

Johnson, John, ii, 331 ; Joshua,
ii, 103, 107, 200 ; Robert C,
ii, 400 ; Dr. Samuel, i, 67

Johnson, Sir William, 1, 39,
374 ; William S., ii, 120,
122, 124, 140, 145

Johnson, Thomas, in Continental
Congress, i, 131 ; on Anne
Arundel Co. committee, 132,
133; on Council of Safety, 135 ;
in Maryland Convention, 177 ;
in Congress, 178 ; again in Con-
vention, 188 ; suggests amend-
ments to draft of State Con-
stitution, i8g ; objects to part
of draft proposed, igo ; elected
to Maryland Senate, ig7 ;
declines election, 198 ; elected
Gov. of Maryland, 198 ; re-
ceives letters from Charles Car-
roll, 212-216, 237-242 ; ii., 2 ;
M aryland delegates in Congress
report to him by letter, 6 ;
in House of Delegates, Md.
Assembly, 43 ; on important
committees, 82, g3 ; on com-
mittee to settle Van Staphorst
claim, no ; on committee to
investigate revenue grievance,
III ; mentioned in letter of
Charles Carroll of Carroll ton,
igi

Johnson's Ferry, i, 215

Johnston, R. Le Grand, ii, 436 ;
Samuel, ii, 158

Johnstone, Governor, i, 240, 241

Jones, Mr., i, 215; Mr., i, agg

ti I

V 1 1*

Index,

473

Jordan's Island, Del., i, 237
" Journal of William Maclay,"
ii, 118, 120-133, 135, 137-142,
146-150, 153, 156-160, 162-
164, 170

Kalb, Baron de, i, 224, 225, 230
Katskill Mountains, i, 367
Keaton, Doctor, i, 50
Keith, Charles P., ii, 75, 97
Kelty, Captain, i, 43, 59
Kennedy, Mr., i, 59
Kennett, Mr,, i, 10
Kentuckians, ii, 149
Kentucky, ii, 447
Keppel, Admiral, i, 240
Kergolay, Jean, Comte de, ii,
440 ; Mary Louisa, n^e Carroll,
Comtesse de, ii, 440
Key, Edmund, i, 40, 52, 64, 138 ;
Francis Scott, i, 138 ; John
Ross, i, 137, 138 ; Philip Bar-
ton, ii, 215
Kildare, Gerald, Earl of, i, 50
King, the artist, ii, 311 ; Rufus,
ii, 136, 137, 140, 149, 162, 218,
221-224, 226, 227, 309, 310,
320
Kingsbury Falls, N. Y., i, 373
Knox, Gen. Henry, ii, 150
Krom, Captain of French man-
of-war, ii, 269

La Chine, Canada, i, 165, 168,

397
Lafayette, Gilbert Motier, Mar-
quis de, ii, 46, 79, 178, 202,

331-333. 355
Lane, Anne, n^c Carroll, ii, 442 ;

Dr., ii, 442 ; Hardage, ii,

443 ; Harvey, ii, 443
La Nore, i, 164, 395
La Plata, province of Spanish

America, ii, 270
La Prairie, Canada, i, 152, 154,

158, 159, 161, 391, 394
Lakes, Chaniplain, i, 150, 153,

206, 369, 375, 377-386, 388-

391, 398; Erie, ii, 338;

George, i., 150, 370, 372, 375-

381, 383, 399; of the Sacra-

ment, i, 29 ; Ontario, i, 29,

30 ; ii, 304, 305 ; Oswego,

i, 388 ; St. Pierre, i, 159, 160

Lamb, Gen. John, ii, 112

Lancaster, Thomas, ii, 385, 388

Lancaster, Pa., i, 217, 219, 223

Langdon, John, i, 227 ; ii, 124

126, 127, 129, 135, 147, 158,

170, 257

Latrobe, John H. B., i, 181 ;

ii, 35S

Laumoy, Monsieur de, i, 204

Laurens, Henry, ii, 28

Law, Edmund, ii, 230

Lawson, Alexander, i, 65

Leake's " Life and Times of
General Lamb," ii, ii2

Leamington, Eng., ii, 357

Lebanon, Pa., i, 223

Lee, Arthur, M.D., ii, 31, 33 ;
Gen. Charles, i, 13S, 203, 214,
224, 236, 241 ; Charles Car-
roll, M.D., ii, 54; Edmund
Jennings, M.D., ii, 439, 440 ;
Francis Lightfoot, i, 203 ;
Harriet Juliana, «/<• Carroll,
ii, 321, 400, 403, 406, 407,
411, 414,415. 438; Henry, ii.
79 ; James Fenner, ii, 440 ;
John of " Needwood," ii,
438 ; Mary CorneHa, n^e Read,
widow of AUiert H. Carroll,
ii, 440 ; Philip, i, 64 ; Rich-
ard Henry, i, 95, 96, 179, 180,
236; ii, 3.5. 26, 118, 119, 121,
128-131, 135, 139, 142, 151,
152, 159, 161, 179 ; Thomas
Ludwell, i, 179 ; Gov. Thomas
Sim, ii, 20, 41, 53, 57, 99,
190; Rev. Thomas Sim,
i, 3, II, 22, 31, 39, 43,
48-50, 59. 60, 77, 79, 81 ; ii,
55, 107, 200, 351, 362 ; Wil-
liam, i, 92

Lee Papers, i, 180

Lee's " Lee of Virginia," ii,

439, 440
Leeds, Francis Osborne, Duke
of, ii, 438 ; Louisa Catherine,

''I

474

Index,

I i

Leeds, Francis Osborne — Con.
n^e Caton (Lady Ilervey),
Ihichess of, ii, 267, 294, 314-
316, 352, 395. 398, 404, 406.
407, 4107413, 419-423. 438
Lees, the, i, 236
Leghorn, Italy, ii, 357
Lemmoii, Robert, ii, 96
Leesburg, Va., i, 203
Leonardtown, Md., 1, 203
Le Peltier, Madame, n/e Perigny,

ii, 316-318, 330
'* Letters of the First Citizen,"
i. 9". 97. 99. 1 01-106, 113,
114, 120-127, 243, 256, 318-
362

' ' Letters of a Pennsylvania
Farmer," i, 90, 125, 354
Lewis, Eleanor Parke, «/i?Custis,

ii, 243 ; Judge, ii, 257
Lexington, battle of, i, 134
Liege, Belgium, i, 44 ; ii, loi-

103, 106, 107
" Linea Antiqua," ii, 433
Lincoln, Gen. Benjamin, i, 214,

222
Lisbon, Portugal, ii, 281, 288
L' Isle Dieu (Monsieur's), i, 34
Littlejohn, Alida, «/<? Tabb, ii,

443 ; Mr., ii, 443
Little Rock, Ark., ii, 444
Livermore, Mr., i, 280, 282
Liverpool, Eng., ii, 315, 438
Livingston, Edward, ii, 275 ;
Mr., ii, 256; Robert R., i,
148, 367
Lloyd, Edward of "Wye
House," ii, 49, 56, 61, 78, 84,
88, 92; Mrs., ii, 327; Anne,
ii, 247 ; Philemon, i, 68
London, i, 2, 19, 21, 32, 33, 36,
38, 39, 44, 47, 48, 59. 64. 65,
70, 73. 76, 90. 92, 95. 202 ; ii,
28, 87, loi, 103, 107, i63, 200,
254, 283, 381, 385, 446, 448
Longacre, engraver, ii, 265
I^ong Branch, N, J., ii, 357
Long Island, N. Y., i, 222
Longueil, Canada, i, 396
Louis XVI., ii, 148, 179, 323

Louisburg, Nova Scotia, i, 35
Louisiana, i, 25, 32 ; ii, 217,

251, 254, 256, 257, 261, 276,

318
L'Orient, France, ii, 285
Lovell, James, i, 225
Love Island, Susquehanna River,

ii, 79
Lowe family, i, 2
Lowe, Henry, ii, 446; Mr.,ii,

435 ; Susannah, n/e Bennett,

widow of John Darnall, ii,

446
Lower Ormund, Ireland, ii, 380
Ludwell, Col. Philip, i, 92
Lux, Mr., i, 136, 220 ; William,

i, 242
Luzerne, Chevalier de la, ii, 27
Lynch, Dominick, ii, loi, 145

Maccoy, (Miss or Mrs.), ii, 377
Maccubbin,James,(namechanged
to Carroll), ii, 67 ; Nicholas,
(name changed to Carroll) ii,

67
Maclay, William, ii, 118, 127,

129-142, 145-153. 155-166,

168-170, 179, 180
Macnamara, Margaret, ii, 377 ;

Thomas, ii, 378
Macready, William Charles, ii,

349
Macready's " Reminiscences," ii,

350

Madison, James, i, 192 ; ii, 132,

159, 160, 254, 261, 280, 283,

292, 295, 298, 305, 306, 332,

339
Madrid, Spain, ii, 28, 276, 321
Magazines : American Farmer,
ii, 347 ; Appletons Journal,
vol. 12, i, 66, 71, 75, 76, 78,
83, 89, i8o ; ii, 55. 56, 216,
247, 328, 370 ; Edinburgh Re-
view, ii, 324 ; Harper's Maga-
zine, ii, 106, 352 ; Journal of
Royal, Historical, and Arch.
Association of Ireland, i, 1 ;
LittelVs Living Age, i, 95 ; ii,
314; Magazine of American

Index.

475

M agazi nes — Con tin tted.
History, i, 8i, 139; ii, 370 ;
The Crayon, i, 95 ; The Nine-
teenth Century, ii, 314 ; Vir-
ginia Historical Magazine, ii,
203 ; Virginia Historical Reg-
ister, i, 95

Mahoney, Charles, ii, 252

Malta, ii, 254

Manjan, Mrs., i, 45

Mantz, Peter, ii, 409

MS. Letters, i, 8, 93, 139, i6o,
165, 191, 196, 216; ii, 9, 171,
193, 196, 199, 201, 293, 313,
328, 340, 341, 343, 347, 352,
356, 357, 360, 366

Marbler's Rock, Hudson River,

i, 365
Marechall, Rt. Rev. Ambrose, ii,

400, 423. 424
Margate, Eng., i, 66
Marseilles, France, ii, 100
Marshall, John, ii. 217
Martin, Dr., ii, 436 ; Fanny, «/<f

Carroll, ii, 436 ; Luther, ii, 99,

109, 116, 258
Martinique, ii, 260
Martinsburg, Va., ii, 440
Martin's paper, ii, 206
" Maryland Archives, "i, 4, 5, 13,

33, 40, 133, 136, 137, 142, 143,

185
Maryland Assembly, Resolutions

of, ii, 50, 51 ; Senate, i, 190-

197 ; ii, 312, 313
Maryland Constitution and Dec-
laration of Rights, i, 186-190 ;

ii, 58, 67, 113, 192, 312, 313
Maryland Convention Journals,

i, 141, 177, 178, 186, 188, 189;

Council Journal, i, 7
Maryland, Eastern Shore, i, 135 ;

ii, 2, 23, 115; Western Shore,

i. 135, 143, 191 ; 11,64,65,76,

115, 183
Maryland Historical Society, i,

6, 7, 18,68, 197,202, 214,216,

222, 232, 238, 240-242 ; ii, 7,

201, 219, 448
Maryland Historical Society's

*' Centennial Memorial," i, 63,
100, 173 ; ii. 312, 367

Maryland Land Office, Chancery
Suits, i, II, 14, 18, 19 ; ii, 435 ;
Deed liooks, i, 6-8, 41, 68 ; ii,
326

Maryland Laws, 1783, ii. 79

Maryland Register of Wills Office,
i, 12, 68 ; ii, 435

Maryland Senate Journals, i, 200,
233,234 ;ii, 12, 14, 17. 19,21-
23, 25, 35-38, 40, 42, 45-47.
49, 51, 52, 58, 61, 64-66, 72,
77, 78, 82, 88, 90, 93, 96, 93,
99, 109, III, 114, 115. 144,
168, 176, 178, 183, 187-189,
212-215, 225, 229, 232

Mason, Eliza, «/<?Che\v, ii, 242 ;
George, i, 179 ; James Mur-
ray, ii, 242 ; Stevens Thomson,
ii, 202

Massachusetts, i, 93, 225 ; ii, 4,
9, 105, 127, 163, 180, 200, 213,
283

Massena, Andre, ii, 262, 287

Maxcy, Virgil, ii, 313

Mayer, Brantz, ii, 367

McCarty, William, i, 154, ^63,
167

McCaully, Mr., i, 385

McDowell, Mr., ii, 264

McGillivray, Alexander, ii, 165

McHenry, James, ii, 49, 58, 99,
183, 189

McMahon, John V. L., i, 189,

193

McMahon's "History of Mary-
land," i, loi, 130, 190, 192

McMechen, Margaret, ne'e Car-
roll. See Harvey, Mr., ii, 436

McNair, Mr., ii, 351

McNeill's Ferry, N. Y., i, 371

McSherry, James, i, 179; ii, 113

McSherry's "History of Mary-
land," i, 179; ii, 10, 113. 114

McTavish, Alexander Simon, ii,
439, 440 ; Charles Carroll, ii,
428, 439, 440 ; Charles Car-
roll, ii, 440 ; Ella, 7itfe Gilmor,
ii, 439, 440 ; Emily, n<!e Caton,

^mim

476

Index,

\\\

M,M

McTavish, Alexander S. — Con,
ii, 297, 320, 321, 327. 357. 395.
398, 404, 406, 407, 410, 411,
413, 416. 419-423. 428, 438.
439 ; Emily, ii, 440 ; Francis
Osborne, ii, 440 ; John, ii,
320, 321, 327. 343, 396-399.
401, 404, 415, 416, 419, 420,
423, 438, 439 ; Marcella, n^e
Scott, ii, 439 ; Mary, ii, 440 ;
Paul Winfield Scott, ii, 440 ;
Richard Caton, ii, 439 ; Vir-
ginia Scott, ii, 440

** Memoir of Josiah Quincy, Jr.,"
i, 102

Menon, Count de, ii, 316 ; Julius
de, ii, 315.. 316, 330; Madame
de, nt'e Perigny, ii, 316

Mercer, Col, George,!, 72 ; John,
ii, 2S3, 290 ; John Francis, ii,
99, 109, 112, 195, 283, 290,
308; Thomas Swann, M. D.,
ii, 443 ; Violetta Lansdale, nde
Carroll, ii, 443

Mereweather, Reuben, ii, 391,
392

Mexico, ii, 255, 263, 269, 270,

274. 275
Micklin, Maria, ttJe Chew, ii,

242, 246, 247
Middle States, i, 207 ; ii, 124,

237
Mifflin, Gen. Thomas, i, 176,

225, 231; ii, 3
Minors, Mr., i, 3
Miranda, Francisco, ii, 263, 272
Missouri, ii, 319-321
Missouri Compromise, ii, 319,

321
Mitchell, Mr., ii, 330
M'Kean, Thomas, ii, 3
Moale, John, ii, 436 ; Richard,

ii. 436
Mobile, bay of, ii, 276
Monongahela, battle of, i, 23
Monroe, James, ii, 179, 255, 256,

290, 292, 334, 339, 359, 360
Montcalm Bay, N. Y., i, 375
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Mar-
quis de, i, 374

Montevideo, South America, ii,

274
Montgomery, John, ii, 340 ; Gen.

Richard, i, 147
Montreal, Canada, i, 147, 151,

152, 155. 157. 158, 160, 161,

164-166, 169-171, 174, 376,

389-394, 396, 397

Montreul, Baron de, ii, 341

Moore, Mr., ii, 296

Morancy, Charles Carroll, ii,
318 ; Charles Carroll, ii, 318 ;
Emile, ii, 317, 318 ; Honore
Pierre (Perigny), ii, 317, 318 ;
Jean Fran9ois, ii, 317 ; Mad-
ame, ii, 317 ; Victoire, ii, 317,
318

Mordaunt, Gen. Sir John, i,

35
Morgan, General Daniel, i, 214 ;

James Ethelbert, M.D., ii,

442 ; Norah, nJc Digges, ii,

442
Morris, Gouverneur, i, 235, 236 ;

ii, 34, 311 ; Mrs., ii, 310;

Robert, i, 240 ; ii, 48, 124,

129-131, 135-137. 140-142,

150, 152, 170, 310
Morristown, N. J., i, 201
Motier's, tavern (?), i, 172, 399
Moustier, Count de, ii, 124
Moylan, Stephen, i, 172, 176,

399
Murat, Joachim, ii, 270
Murray, Elizabeth Hesselius, ii,

66 ; Doctor, ii, 251 ; General,

i, 240
Murray's " Life and Times of the

Rev. Walter Dulany Addison,"

ii, 66

Natchez, Miss., ii, 369

Neth, Louis, ii, 396-399, 404,
419, 420, 423

Neuville, Hyde de, French min-
ister, ii, 323, 329 ; Madame
de, ii, 323 ; Monsieur de la,

ii, 3
Newark, N. J., i, 197
New England, or Eastern States,

h ►(•i:'

Index,

477

th America, ii,

n. i», 340 ; Gen.

'' '. M7, X5I,
158, 160, 161,

71. 174, 376,

le, ii, 341

i Carroll, ii,
irroll, ii, 318 ;
318 ; Honore
"• 317, 318;
n. 317; Mad-
ctoire, ii, 317,

Sir John, i,

'aniel, i, 214 ;
, M.D.. ii,
' Digges, ii,

. '. 235, 236 ;
s., li, 310;
'i. 48, 124,
7, 140-142,

, 201

'. »72, 399

ii, 124

. 172, 176,

870

lesselius, ii,
[ ; General,

rimes of the
K Addison,"

•-399. 404,

ranch min-
; Madame
eur de la,

srn States,

New England— Ccw/mwA/.
i, 27, 102, 206, 207 ; ii, 124,
127, 236, 237, 334

New Hampshire, ii, 5, 7-9, 124,
158, 258

New Jersey, i, 197, 220 ; ii, 6, 9,
120, 237

New Mexico, i, 25

New Orleans, La., ii, 253, 255,
256, 273, 275, 276 ; battle of,
ii, 306, 308, 342

Newport, R. I., ii, 296, 297

Newspapers : Boston Ccntitwl, ii,
288 ; Boston Patriot, ii, 288 ;
Cornier, ii, 262 ; Federal Ga-
zette, ii, 249, 298 ; Federal Re-
publican, ii, 291 ; Maryland
Gazette, i, 15, 38, 70, 88, 90,
99, 105, 106, 108, 113, 114,
248, 250, 254, 257, 297, 315;
ii, 445 ; Maryland Journal
and Baltimore Advertiser, ii,
41 ; National Gazette, ii, 320,
321 ; National Intelligencer,
ii, 257, 279 ; National Jour-
nal, ii, 336 ; The Carrollton-
ian, ii, 351, 352; Truth
Teller, New York, i, 100, loi,
180, 183

Newton, Mr., i, 21

New York, city of, i, 29, 136,
'47-149. 152, 160, 172, 173,
185, 222, 334, 363. 364, 367,
369, 382, 390, 399; ii, 30, 31,
loi, 106, 112, 117, 142, 145,
146, 157, 158, 160, 165, 236,
274, 295, 297, 337-339, 343,
351, 357. 358, 439. 440

New York Historical Society
Collections, "The Lee Pa-
pers," i, 236

New York State Library, ii, 362

New York, State of, i, 207, 366,
379. 380, 383. 386, 387 ; ii,
5, 8, 9, 124, 163, 257, 310,

343. 44a
Niagara, N. Y., ii, 198
Nicholas, Robert Carter, i, 92,

93
Nichols, Mr., ii, 357

Nicholson, Captain James, i, 143 ;

Commodore, John 15., ii, 202 ;

Sir Francis, i, 398 ; Joseph, i,

197, 233, 235 ; Major, ii, 442 ;

Sarah n^e Carroll, ii, 442
" Niles Register," ii, 332, 334,

336. 338-340, 342, 34S, 353.

3f'0, 361, 367
Noailles, Viscount, <le, ii, 202
Noland, Anne Victoria, n^e Mo-

rancy, ii, 318
Norfolk, Va., ii, 297, 439
North Carolina, i, 233 ; ii, 8, 9,

76, 129, 141
North, Frederick, Lord, Earl of

Guilford, i, 239
North Point, battle of, ii, 304,

342
Notley family, ii, 441
Nottingham, town of, i, 216
Nourse, Mr., i, 203
Nova Scotia, i, 25-27
Nullification Ordinance, ii, 367

O'CarrolI, Frederick John, ii,

439
O'Donnell, Aileen, ii, 441 ;

Charles Oliver, ii, 440; Helen

Sophia, ii, 440 ; John, ii, 441
Ogle, Benjamin, i, 65 ; ii, 266 ;

Samuel, i, 107, 108, 265, 312
Ogle family, ii, 245, 327
Oliver family, ii, 308
Oliver, Robert, ii, 243, 415, 416 ;

Mr., ii, 303, 329
Oneida Historical Society, ii, 343
Oswego, N. Y., i, 29, 30

Paca, William, student at the
Temple, i, 65 ; one of the Md.
" Sons of Liberty," 73 ; rep-
resented Annapolis in the
House of Burgesses, 100 ; an
" Independent Whig," 106 ;
in the Continental Congress,

131 ; on the Anne Arundel Co.
committee of correspondence,

132 ; on provincial committee
of correspondence, 133 ; one
of the Council of Safety, 135,

478

Index.

(■J

ir ti

r ; ■;':

■r 'i

Vaca, Will iain — Continued.
137; again in Con ti nental
Congrcsii, 178 ; in the Mary-
land Convention, 186; on
committee to draft Dec. of
Rights and Constitution, 186 ;
returns to ConfjresG, 187 ; again
in Maryland Convention, 188 ;
memher of fust Maryland Sen-
ate, i()7 ; in Congress, iqq ;
declines re-election to Con-
gress, 233, 235 ; again in Con-
gress, ii, li ; in the Maryland
Senate, 20 ; elected (Jovernor
of Maryland, 56 ; his portrait
in the State House at Annap-
olis, 77 ; re-elected Governor
of the State, 79 ; in the Mary-
land Convention called to vote
on the Federal Constitution,
112 ; a prominent Antifeder-
alist, 112 ; his letters to
Charles Carroll of Carrollton
destroyed, 348

Pacific Ocean (South Sea), i, 25,
219, 220 ; ii, 5, 10

Paine, Nathaniel, i, 93 ; Thomas,

ii, 253
Paris, France, i, 19, 24, 30, 32,

33. 37. 44, 47, 59. <J4. f>7, 206,
208, 240; ii, 282, 283, 293,

294, 3i5» 317, 318, 433. 440,
441

Parish, All Hallow's, Md., ii,
380, 381, 387 ; English, Ire-
land, ii, 380 ; Lorrah, Ireland,
ii, 380

Parran, John, i, 14 ; Mary, i, 14

Patapsco, Iron Works. See Balti-
more Iron Works Company

Paterson, William, ii, 120-122,
145, 161

Patterson, Robert, ii, 314, 320,
326,410,412,413,438

Peake, Elizabeth, n^e Lane, ii,
443; S. H., ii, 443

Peale, Charles Willson, i, 95, 96,
ii, 79 ; Rembrandt, i, 95

'* Peggy Stewart Day," ii, 131

Penn, John, i, 212 ; ii, 3

Pennington, Charles Harper, ii,
441 ; Clapham, ii, 441 ; Emily
Louisa, ni'e Harper, i, 22, 31,
44. 58, 79. 83. 84,92, 103,251,
253, 258, 264, 277, 282, 285,
29^, 303, 306, 308, 310, 311,
317, 321, 322, 327, 329, 331,
440, 441 ; William Clapham,
ii, 440, 441

Pennsylvania, i, 30, 223, 224,
391 ; ii. 3.9. 42, 92. 118, 119,
124, 129, 141, 142, 145, 147,
149, if)o, 163, 241, 257, 270,
289, 321, 330. 399. 419

Pennsylvania Historical Society,
i. 23, 55, 214, 224, 231; li,
337, 348, 356

Pensacola, Florida, ii, 272, 276

Perigny, tieorge de. Rev., ii,

315, 317
Perkins, Messrs. and Co., i, 87 ;

WMlliam, i, 24, 34, 38, 47. 53, 65
Perry, William, ii, gi, 98, no
Peru, ii, 255, 263, 270
Peters, Mrs., i, 223 ; Richard, i,

182, 217, 220, 224 ; ii, 353,

356

Phelps, Royal, ii, 439

Philadelphia, Penn., i, 131, 136,
158, 165, 170, 172-174, 179,
184, 186, t88, 167, 212, 213,
216, 217, 222, 223, 231, 232,
241, 386,400 ; ii, 5, 6, 21,93,

95,99. 105. 141. 142, 157. 159.

168, 180, 191, 197, 204, 241-

243, 267, 294, 305, 312, 314,

332. 340, 353, 356
Philippine Islands, ii, 268
Philips, Sophia, n^e Chew, ii,

242
Philipse, Colonel, i, 148, 172-

174, 363

Philpot, Mr., i, 33

Pickell's, " History of the Poto-
mac Company," ii, 80

Pickering, John, ii, 224

Picot de la Croix, Captain
French man-of-war, ii, 269

Pinckney, Charles Cotesworth,
ii, 237, 239, 240

-,'| V,

Va\ I,

Index,

179

Pine Creek, Pa., ii, 321
I'ine, Kolicrt Edyc, ii, 147, 242
Finkncy, William, in Md. Con-
ventio'i called to vote 011 the
Fedrial Constitution, ii, 112 ;
prominent as an Antifedcral-
ist, 112; commissioner to set-
tle with Viri;ini.i question of
State boundaries, 215 ; sent
to England by U. S. (lovern-
nient to negotiate Jay's treaty,
215 ; mentioned in letters of
Charles Carroll of Carrolllon,
292, 305, 329 ; wounded at
liladenshurg in War of 18 12,
305 ; sudden illness and death,
329 ; the Misses I'inkney men-
tioned as visiting Louisa Caton
in Annapolis, ii, 293
Pipe Creek, Md., ii, 383
Pise, Rev., Constantine C, i, 63 ;

ii,^ 363.^3(^4. 3<''S, 370

Pise's " Eulogy on Charles Car-
roll," i, 63, 66 ; ii, 365, 368

Pitt, William, Lord Chatham, i,
51, 66, 95 ; William, ii, 87,
263

Plater, George, dines with
Charles Carroll in London, i,
40, 64 ; in Maryland Conven-
tion, 186 ; on the committee
to prepare Declaration of
Rights and Constitution, 186 ;
reports Declaration of Riglits
from committee to the Con-
vention, 187 ; in first Mary-
land Senate, 197 ; elected to
(Congress, 233 ; objects to Arti-
cles of Confederation, ii, 4, 5 ;
with Carroll writes to Gov.
and Assembly of proceedings
in Congress, 7-9 ; re-elected
to Congress, 11 ; in Maryland
Senate, 49 ; on committee to
confer with consul-general of
France, 76 ; elected President
of the Senate, 79 ; in the Con-
vention called to vote on the
Federal Constitution, iii ; as
President of the Convention

rends subsequent ninendments
reported to it l)y a committee,
III ; writes to the Md. Assem-
bly enclosing the ratification
of the Federal Constitution,
114; elected (Governor of
Maryland, 172

Pliarne, Mons, i, 220, 221, 225,
231 : ii, 55

Plymouth, Eng., ii., 307

I'oe, David, i, 242

I'oint Dischambault, Canada, i,
157, 158, 161, i()2, 166, 171,

175
Point aux Fer, Canada, i, 3^7,

3«8, 391, 397
Point aux Roches, Canada, i,

386
Poison, Mons,, i, 45
Poitiers, France, ii, 314
I'oland, ii, 262, 270, 271, 293
Pollock, Sir Frederick, ii, 350
Poplar Lsland, Md., i, 389 ; ii,

393
Poitail, Chevalier du, i, 204,

205
Port Lorient, i, 227
Port Tobacco, Md., ii, 387, 38S
Portland, New Hampshire,

(Maine), ii, 158
Portsmouth, Nev Hampshire, i,

202, 227, 240
I'otomac Canal Company, ii, 100
Potomac Company, i, 94, 95 ; ii,

80, 229, 230, 330
Portugal, ii, 217, 268, 282, 285,

288
Potts, Richard, ii, 182, 188-190,

192
Potts Groves, i, 217
['ower, Mr., i, 34
Prescott, General, i, 164, 214,

241, 395
Preston, General, i, 382
Price, Mr., 159, 160, 167
Proclamation settling fees, i, 98,
ICK), 102, 104-107, 109, 116,
n8, 119, 121, 125, 243, 256,
257, 260-265, 269, 271, 273,
276, 278, 279, 281, 282, 284,

\ \

48o

Index,

r !

ill

286-288, 294, 299, 300, 306-
314, 320-322, 328, 330, 351,
358

" Protestant Revolution," Md.,

i. 4. 8
Provoost, Rt. Rev. Samuel,

Bishop of New York, ii, 119
Prussia, i, 36, 51 ; ii, 6, 217,

262, 263, 270, 271, 277, 278,

294, 295
Purviance, Samuel, i, 143
Putnam, Gen. Israel, i, 172, 221,

399

Queen Ann's Town, Md., i, 15 ;

ii, 385. 388
Queen Caroline of England, ii,

322
Quinze Chiens, Canada, i, 397
Quebec Bill, i, 146
Quebec, Canada, Province of, i,

387 ; city of, i, 145, 147, 149,

155. 157. 162, 175, 3^'9. 390
Queensbury, township of, N. Y.,

i. 373

Ramboulet decree, ii, 290

Ramsay, David, i, 192

Ramsay's " History of the Amer-
ican Revolution," i, 192

Randall, John, ii, 357

Randolph, Edmund, ii, 93

Raymond, Lord, i, 330

Read, George, ii, 129, 140, 162,
170 ; William George, ii, 440

Red Bank, N. J., i, 231

Reed, Joseph, 1, 285

Revolution of 1688, i, 4, 8, 48

Reynolds, Sir Joshua, i, 64 ; ii,

324

Rheims, France, i, 19, 22

Rhode Island, ii, 9, 129, 134,
150-154, 236, 296, 297

Richards, Rev. F. H., i, 67

Richardson, Mr., ii, 190; Wil-
liam, ii, 386

Richelieu, falls of, Canada (Sorel
River), i, 175, 176

Richmond, Va., ii, 201

Riddell, Robert, ii, 436

Ridgely, Capt. Charles, ii, 344 ;
Richard, i, 198 ; ii, 93, 98,

143

Rid-ely family, ii, 244

Ridgley's " Annals of Annapo-
lis," i, 13, 130, 179; ii, 329

Ridley, Mr., ii, 32

Ridout, John, ii, 26 ; Thomas,
ii, 26

Kilcy, Elihu S., i, 130, 132, 134,
136

Riley's " History of Annapolis,"
i, 130. 132,134. 136, 179.253;
ii, 326, 329

Rivers, Arkansas, i, 32 ; Ber-
thier, Canada, i, 160 ; Chop-
tank, Md., i, 185 ; Delaware,
i, 197,400; ii, 140, 159; Elk,
Md., i, 215, 216 ; Fishkill, N.
Y., i, 369; Harlem, N. Y.,
i, 214 ; Hudson (North River),
N. Y., i, 148. 172, 238, 3O3,
366, 367, 369, 371-373. 379.
399 ; ii, 19S ; Kennebec.'Maine,
i, 25 ; La Pla'.a, So. America,
ii,274; Little Chamblay, Can-
ada, i, 396 ; Mississippi, i, 25,
220 ; ii, 5, 10, 46, 255, 261,
276, 306 ; Mohawk, N. Y., i,
149, 175, 2X4, 368. 373 ; Mo-
nonacy, Md., i, 68, 69 ; Ohio, i,
28 ; ii, 80, 330 ; Patapsco, Md.,
i, 15 ; Patuxent, Md., i, 46 ; ii,
385, 387 ; Pocomoke,Va. and
Md., i, 233-234 ; ii, 82; Po-
tomac, Va. and Md., i, 68, 94,
95, 179, 212, 232-234; ii, 80,
82, 141, 142, 158-161, 163, 170,
229, 230, 297, 330, 376 ; St.
John's. See Sorel ; St. Law-
rence, Canada, i, 26, 157, 159,
160, 164, 170, 174-176. 369,
377, 388, 392, 394. 396. 397 ;
Sassafras, Md., i, 216 ; Savan-
nah, Ga., i, 25 ; Seine, France,
i, 24 ; .Severn, Md., i, 130 ;
Sorel, (Richelieu, St. John's)
Canada, i, 27, 157-162, 164-
166, 170, 174, 175, 369. 377.
387, 390. 393-397 ; South,

Index,

481

30,132,134,

Ri vew— Continutd.
Md., ii, 385, 387 ; Susque-
hanna, Pa., i, 315 ; ii, 79, 140
-142, 159, 160, 228,229 ; Wye,
Md., i, 185

Roberts, Charles, ii, 341, 35a ;
George, ii, 384

Robertson, Archibald, ii, 342,

343
Robbins, Herbert D., ii, 440;

Mary Helen, nSe Carroll, ii,

440
Robinson, Anne, ii, 266
Rochambeau, Jean Baptiste,

Count de, ii, 61
Rochefort, France, ii, 285
Rock Creek, Md., ii, 53, 56
Rockville, Md., ii, 326
Rodgers, Ccmmodore John, ii,

286. 287
Rogers, Col. Nicholas, ii, 244 ;

Mr., i, 215 ; Mr., ii, 266
Roll, Chief Justice, i, 330
Rose, George, British agent, ii,

378-280
Ross, General Robert, ii, 303,

304
Rouen, France, i, 24
Rozier, Henry, i, 43, 44, 65 ;

Notley, i, 9 ; ii, 441
Rozier family, ii, 441
Rumney, Mary «/<? Croxall, ii,

436 ; Nathaniel, ii, 436
Rumsey, Col. Benjamin, i, 199,

215, 316
Russell, James, ii, 44, 218-227
Russia, 1, 239 ; ii, 6, 217, 262-

264, 268, 277, 278,292, 294,

295
Rutland, Thomas, i, 14
Rutledge, Edward, i, 182
Ryegate, Eng., i, 66, 83

Sabatay Point, Lake George, i,
376, 381

Sackett's Harbour, N. V., ii,
305

St. Anthony's Nose, Cape, Hud-
son River, i, 364. 365

St. Charles College, Md., ii, 362

St. Clair, Colonel, i, i6r, 214
St. Domingo, West Indies, i,

227; ii, 213, 217, 254, 317
St. John's College, Md., ii, 214,

353
St. John's, garrison of, Canada, i,
150, 15a. 154. i6r, 165, 167,
170, 171, 382, 383, 387, 388,

390, 391. 393. 304. 397
St. Marino, republic of, ii, 235
St. Mary's, city of, Md., i, 7 ;

ii. 446
St. Mary's College, Md., ii, 369
St. Omer's, College of, Flanders,

i, 9, 18, 63, 106, 113, 312
St. Tammany Society, Sons of,

ii, 166
St. Therise, Canada, i, 393
Sanderson, John, ii, 265
Sanderson's " Biography of the

Signers," i, 141, 181 ; ii, 265,

358
Sandy Hook, N. J., i, 213
Saratoga, N. Y., i, 149, 220, 369-

371, 399

Saratoga Lake, i, 369

Sawyer, Admiral, ii, 287

Scharf, John Thomas, i, 12

Scharf's "History of Maryland."
i, 12, 60, 179, 236 ; ii, 25, 358

Scheldt, France, ii, 285

Schuyler, Mrs., i, 385, 389 ; Gen.
Philip, i, 147-150, 157, 158,
161, 162, 170-172, 206, 214,
367-372, 375-377. 379. 380,
383, 390, 398, 399; ". 147.
170, 236

Schuyler family, i, 172, 399

Schuyler's Island, Lake Cham-
plain, i, 385, 389

Scott, Robert G., ii, 332

Sears, overseer, ii, 301, 302

Seney, James, ii, 190

Serrurier, Mons., French Minis-
ter, ii, 288

Sewall, Jane, nie Lowe. See
Lady Baltimore ; Maj. Nicho-
las, ii, 435, 447 ; Mrs., nde
Damall, ii, 447 ; Robert, ii,
447

* <

482

Index,

V- '

/ H

>t t

h .

I ! I

Sharpe, Horatio, Governor of
Md., i, 12, 32, 39, 40 ; Wil-
liam, i, 32, 39. 40, 44, 46

Shaw, Jane, ii, 416

Shea's " Life and Times of Arch-
bishop Carroll," i, 153 ; ii, loi,

145
Sherburne, Major, i, 162
Sherman, Roger, i, 182 ; ii, 3
Shippen, Joseph, ii, 241
Ships : Adventure, i, 134 ; Al-
fred, i, 240 ; Amphitrite, i, 204,
227, 228 ; Asia, i, 363 ; Chesa-
peake, ii, 280 ; Chesterfield, i,
38 ; Defence, i, 143 ; ii, 62 ;
Duke William, i, 38 ; 'Eole
(Eolus), ii, 269 ; Fearnought,
ii, 62 ; Francis Feeling, ii,
296 ; Little fielt, ii, 286, 287 ;
Mercury, i, 238 ; Otter, man-
of-war, i, 142, 143 ; Pallas, ii,
200 ; Patriot, ii, 269 ; Peggy
Stewart, i, 128, 130, 132 ; ii,
49 ; President, ii, 286, 287 ;
Robert, brig, ii, 288 ; Raleigh,
i, 240 ; Royal Savage, i, 382 ;
Sans Pareil, ii, 200 ; Terrible,
ii, 62 ; The Two Sisters, i, 65
Shirley. Gen. William, i, 29
Short Hills, battle of, i, 229
Shrewsbury, George, Earl of.

See Talbot
Shrie, Mr., i, 185
Sigoumey, Lydia H., ii, 344,

347
Sigourney's "Poems," Boston

edition, 1827, ii, 346
Sim, Colonel, ii, 444 ; Mary,

«/(? Carroll, ii, 444
Simmons, John H., ii, 409
Sinclair, Colcnel, i, loi, 161,

372, 373
Skeene, Major, i, 171, 398
Skeenesborough, N. Y., i, 171,

379, 381, 398
SlinglufT, Mary Le Grand, n/e

Johnston, ii, 436
Smallwood, Gen. William, i, 184,

185, 198, 212, 215, 216, 237 ;

ii, 1, 2, 58, go, 93, 98, 112

Smith, James, of Pennsylvania,
ii, 3 ; John, of Maryland, ii,
49, 77 J Jonathan Bayard, of
Pa., i, 225 ; Mr., ii, 304 ; Gen.
Robert, of Md., ii, 287, 288,
308 ; Mrs. Robert, ii, 308 ;
Gen. Samuel, of Md., ii, 342 ;
William, of Md., i, 199, 2l6,
217, 219, 220 ; ii, 6, 117, 201 ;
William, of South Carolina, i,
194 ; William Loughton, of
South Carolina, ii, 161
Smith's " Address to the People
of the United States," ii, 287,
288
Smith family of Maryland, ii,

308
Smithe, Edward, ii, 376
Smith's "Comparative View of
the Constitutions of the Sev-
eral States," i, 194
Sonona, Cal., ii, 444
"Sons of Liberty," i, 72, 73
Sorbonne, College of, Paris,

France, ii, 20
Soult, Nicolas, Marshal, ii, 287
South Amboy, N. J., ii, 6
South Carolina, ii, 9, 96, 124,
147, 151-153, 163, 249, 250,
352, 367
South River Hundred, Md., ii,

387

South Sea. See Pacific Ocean.

Southern States, i, 102, 197 ; ii,
124, 216, 309

Spain, i, 13, 25, 86, 239 ; ii, 10,
46, 217, 255, 257, 261, 264,
268, 273, 275, 276, 281.283,
285, 288

Spanish Colonies, ii, 277, 279 ;
Cortes, ii, 321

Sparks, Jared, i, 139, 240 ; ii, 325

Sparks MSS. See Harvard Col-
lege Library

Sparks, " Writings of Washing-
ton," ii, 180, 198

Speed, Dr. Joseph, ii, 330

Spence, Captain, ii, 308

Sprague, Rev. William B., i, 8 ;
ii, 362

It 1 ■

index.

483

", 277, 279;

-''Prigg, Mr., ii, 204

Stafford, Lady Elizabeth, m'e Ca-

ton, ii, 267, 285, 286, 297,

314-16, 352, 395, 398, 404,

406, 407, 410, 411, 413, 4ig-

423, 428, 438 ; Sir George

William, Baron, ii, 438 ; Ma-

jor, i, 394
Stamp Act, i, 71, 73-75, lor, 103
Stamp Act Congress, i, 72
Stanley, Mr., ii, 226
Standford, Rev. John, ii, 367,

358
Staten Island, N. Y., i, 172, 222,

400 ; ii, 6
Statc-s Rights, i, 220 ; ii, 5, 153,

163, 213, 214, 319
Stauffer, D. McN., ii, 351, 360
Stemmata Carrollana, ii, 434,

439
Sterett, James, i, 196, 197 ; Mr.,

ii, 305 ; Mrs., ii, 305 ; Samuel,

ii. 172, 183
Sterett family, ii, 308
Sterling, William Alexander,

Lord, i, 172, 400
Steuart, Dr. Richard, i, loi ; ii,

368, 369, 396-399. 404, 419.
420, 423
Stevenson, Dr. H., i, 215
Stewart, Anthony, i, 128-130 ;
Dugald, i, 192-194 ; Margaret,
i, 130 ; Thomas, ii, 379
Stewart's " Lectures on Political

Economy," i, 194
Stodd's tavern, Canada, i, 387
Stone, Thomas, in the Conti-
nental Congress, i, 133 ; on
Maryland Council of Safety,
135 ; re-elected to Congress,
178 ; sends resolutions of that
body to Maryland Convention,
186, 187 ; in the Maryland
Senate, 197 ; declines re-elec-
tion to Congress, 199 ; on
committee to draft instructions
for Maryland commissioners,
233 ; appointed one of the
commission to settle questions
of jurisdiction with Virginia,

234 ; opposes confiscation of
British property, ii, 25 ; with
Carroll drafts Senate messages
on the subject, 25, 26, 38 ; on
important committees, 34-36 ;
on joint committee to consider
letters from the commander-in-
chief and other comii.unica-
tions, 39 ; again in Md. Senate,
41 ; on committee to instruct
delegates in Congress on the
subject of confederation, 42 ;
votes to ratify Articles of Con-
federation, 44 ; on joint com-
mittee to consider subject of
suspected persons confined in
prison, 46 ; on committee to
draft resolutions of thanks to
Washington, 48 ; on other
committees, 49, 50; files an
answer to Carroll's ' ' Dissen-
tient " on solicitors and attor-
nies bill, 77, 85 ; one of com-
mittee to confer with Virginia
commissioners on navigation
of the Potomac, 80 ; on com-
mission to confer with Virgin-
ians on jurisdiction of rivers
and bay, 82, 83 ; on committee
to consider plan for recovering
Bank of England stock, 84 ;
one of a committee to answer
House message on non-jurors
bill, 88 ; advocates permanent
salaries for judges, 90 ; one of
a committee to draft message
on tliis subject, 90, 91 ; on
joint committee to consider
changes in high court of chan-
cery, 91 ; one of committee to
confer on proposition from
Virginia to revise the confed-
eration, 93 ; opposes emission
of i5a])er money, 93-95 ; with
Carroll influences the Senate
to reject the bill, i, 195 ; ii, 93,
99, 100 ; one of committee to
draft messages to the house on
the subject, 95, 96 ; elected to
Federal Convention but refuses

484

index.

.^^■•»

%■''

I > ; t

Stone, Thomas — Continued.
the appointment, gg ; an Anti-
federalist, 109 ; his death a loss
to the party in Maryland, 109

Stone, Colonel, ii, 189

Stony Point, N. Y., i, 216

Stormont, Lord, i, 228

Streets : Arundel, London, i, 67 ;
Calvert, Baltimore, ii, 244 ;
Duke of Gloucester, Annap-
olis, i, 14 ; ii, 329 ; Freder-
ick, Bait., ii, 399; Gay,
Bait., ii, 399, 419 ; Nassau,
New York, ii, 117 ; Queen,
N. Y., ii, 117 ; St. Patrick,
Cork, ii, 351 ; Second, Bait.,
ii, 399 ; Smith, N. Y., ii, 117 ;
Wall, N. Y., ii, 117; Water,
Bait., ii, 399

Strong, Caleb, ii, 127, 147, 155,
158, 161, 170

Stuart, Gilbert, ii, 242

Sugar Creek, Pa., ii, 321

Sullivan, Gen. John, i, 170, 173,
397 ; William, ii, 258, 349

Sullivan's " Familiar Letters on
Public Characters," ii, X17,

258, 349
Summerset, Lady, ii, 447, 448
Susquehanna Canal Company, ii,

79
Susquehanna Ferry, i, 12, 15
Swan Creek, i, 215
Swan Harbor, Md., ii, 435
Swatout, Samuel, ii, 275
Sweden, ii, 277
Switzerland, ii, 264

Tabb, Anne, ii, 443 ; Jane »/e
Carroll, ii, 442, 443 ; Mr. M.,
ii, 442, 443

Taile, Andrew, ii, 386

Talbot, George, Earl of Shrews-
bury, ii, 447 ; Mr., ii, 447

Talleyrand, Charles Maurice,
Marquis de, ii, 202

Taney, Roger Brooke, i, 195 ;
ii, 99, 100, 232, 234, 418,424,
429

Tasker, Anne, n^e Bladen, i, 45,

104 ; Col. Benjamin, Sr., i,
45, 103, 104 ; ii, 384 ; Col.
Benjamin, Jr., i, 39, 45, 103
Tasker family, i, 103
Tayloe, Mrs., n/e Ogle, ii, 297
Taylor, George Cavendish, ii,
439, 440 ; Louisa, n/e Carroll,
ii, 439, 440 ; Michael, ii, 378,

383
Taylord, William, ii, 376
Temple, the, London, i, 14, 19,
38-40, 42, 49, 65, 90, 91, 190 ;
Inner Temple, i, 2, 3 ; Mid-
dle Temple, 64
Temple, Sir William, i, 113
Tessier, Rev. John, ii, 400
The Buttermilk Cascade, Hud-
son River, i, 365
The Cedars, Canada, i, 162, 165,

168, 174, 396
The Endless Mountains, i, 366
7'Ae Federalist, i, 192, 193 ; ii,

131
The Four Brothers, islands of,

Lake Champlain, i, 385
Thomas, Allen, ii, 418 ; Dr., ii,

299; Gen. John, i, 147, 149,

157-159, 161, 162, 164, 166,

168, 169, 368, 370, 395 ; John

ii, 424
Thompson, General, i, 147, 158,

161, 164, 165, 393. 395 ;

George, ii. 441
Thorold, George, i, 15 ; ii, 387,

388
Three Rivers, Canada, i, 161, 162
Thunder Hill bay, Hudson

River, i, 364
Ticonderoga, N. Y., i, 146, 150,

152, 157, 170, 206, 222, 377,

379-381, 383. 391. 398
Tiernan's " Tiernan Family in

Maryland," ii, 436
Tilghman, Edward, i, 102, 198 ;
Edward, ii, 435 ; James, i, 197,
198
Tilghman, Matthew, in Conti-
nental Congress, i, 131 ; in
I Maryland Convention, 133 ;
on committee of correspond-

tndi

ex^

4B5

Tilghman, Matthew — Continued.
ence, 133 ; elected again to
Congress, 178 ; President of
the Maryland Convention,
186 ; on committee to prepare
Declaration of Rights and
Constitution, 186 ; in the
Maryland Senate, 197, 198 ;
on committee to instruct dele-
gates to Congress, ii, 11 ; on
committee to consider the
proposition for a confederation,
13 ; accusations made against
him by S. Chase, 15 ; assists
in drafting address of thauks
to the retiring governor, 20 ;
with Carroll drafts message on
bill relating to estates of de-
ceased persons, 22 ; assists also
in writing message on confisca-
tion bill, 23 ; one of the Sen-
ate's chosen penmen, 23 ; on
other committees of import-
ance, 38, 39, 41 ; on commit-
tee to draft instructions to
delegates in Congress on sub-
ject of confederation, 42 ; one
of joint committee to confer on
the confiscation act, 43 ; on
committee to inquire into sub-
ject of suspected persons in
prison, 46 ; one of committee
to draft resolutions of thanks
to Washington after York-
town, 48 ; chairman of com-
mittee to draft message on
civil list bill, 57 ; opposed to
increasing salaries of members
of Assembly, 64 ; President of
the Senate, and succeeded in
this office by Charles Carroll
of Carrollton, 67

Tingaul, Md., ii, 380

Toner, Doctor Joseph M., i, 94,
95

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, i, 27

Treaty of Utrecht, i, 25, 26, 28

Trenton, battle of, i, 203

Trenton, New Jersey, i, 217

Trumbull, John, ii, 242

Tucker, Aaron, Doctor, ii, 438 ;
Elizabeth Henrietta Chew,
w^if Carroll, ii, 321, 400, 403,
406, 407, 411, 414, 415, 418,
438

TuUy, Edward, ii, 383 ; Michael,

ii. 383

Tunbridge Wells, Eng., i, 66

Turkey, Porte of, i, 239 ; ii, 6

Turks, i, 238

Turreau, Mons., French Minis-
ter, ii, 269

Tyler, Lyon G., ii, 203 ; Samuel,
i, 195 ; ii, icx), 233

Tyler's " Life of Roger Brooke
Taney," i, 195; ii, 100, 233

Underwood, Antony, i, g
Upper Marlboro, Md., ii, 56,
441

Valley Forge, i, 235, 236 ; ii, 11
Van Rensselaer family, i, 148,

367
Van Rensselaer, Margaret, n^e

Schuyler, i, 148, 368
Van Staphorst Claim, ii, 110,

183, 191
Van Staphorst, Messrs., ii, no,

183, 191
Van Swearingen, Garrett, ii, 435 ;

Mary, nee Smith, ii, 435
Vans Murray, William, ii, 201
Varnum, G. W., Doctor, ii, 196
Vaughn, Mr., ii, 357
Vienna, Congress of, ii, 307
Ville Le Brun, Commodore, ii,

Vineland, N. J., ii, 328

Virginia, ii, 5, 6, 8-10, 39, 42,
51, 52, 76, 80, 82, 83, 92, 93,
100, loi, 141, 151. 157, 160,
164, 169, 201-203, 208, 212,
213, 215, 234, 239-242, 249,
330, 332, 360, 447

Virginia Coffee House, London,
ii, 203

"Virginian Project," i, 16

Virginia's Western Lands, ii, 9,
10

4S6

tndi

■'\m: '

S-:i

I) .4!.

\ i

'»>

Wadsworth, Jeremiah, ii, 4
Walch, John, ii, 388, 389
Walker, John, ii, 151 ; Thomas,

i. 152, 393

Wallace, Johnson, and Muir,
London merchants, ii, loi,
106

Walsh, Mr., ii, 320, 321

Wansey's "Voyage to the United
States," ii, 201

Wappeler, Mr., i, 20, 21

Warfield, Mr., ii, 334; Ridgely,
ii, 391, 392

Waring, Basil, i, 40, 41

Warring, Mr., i, 21

Warsaw, Poland, i, 238, 293

Washington, Bushrod, ii, 362 ;
George, i, 93-95. I37, 172,
176, 185, 201, 202, 204, 206,
213, 215-218, 223-225, 231,
235-238. 242, 399 ; ii, 2, 3, 6,
26, 31, 39. 48, 76, 77, 79. 80,
106, 119, 120, 124, 136-138,
145, 147, 159. 160, 163, 165-
167, 170, 178-180, 197, 198,
201, 204, 206, 207, 215, 216,
229, 232. 233, 242, 245, 253,
26b, 312, 325, 333, 365, 366,
367; Henry Augustine, ii,
161, 207 ; Martha, n/e Dan-
dridge, ii, 138, 230, 243 ; Wil-
Ham Augustine, ii, 79

Washington College, Md., ii,
2x4

Washington's " Works of Jeffer-
son," (Congress Edition), ii,
161, 207

Washington, D. C, ii, 172, 178,
213, 234, 275, 280, 284, 294,
295, 297, 302-304, 306, 308,
315, 320, 324, 330, 334, 338-

341, 355, 435. 436, 442, 447
Washington Ledgers, i, 94 ;

MSS., i, 139; MSS., State

Department, i, 217, 231 ; ii,

206, 218
Waterloo, battle of, ii, 315, 316
Waterpark, Lord, ii, 439
Watterston, George, ii, 323
Watterston's "Letters from

ex.

Washington on the Constitu-
tion and Laws," ii, 116, 323
Wellesley, Mary, Marchioness
of, n/e Caton, (widow of Rob-
ert Patterson), ii, 267, 314-
316, 320, 326, 331, 352, 357,
395. 398. 401, 404. 406, 407,
410, 413, 419-421, 438 ; Rich-
ard Colley, Marquis of, Lord
Lieutenant of Ireland, ii, 352,

357. 438
Wellington, Arthur Wellesley,
Duke of, ii, 2*" 288, 316,

325, 361
West River, Md., ii, 313, 443
Western States, ii, 306, 307
Wharton, Charles H., ii, 340;

Dr., ii, 305 ; Elizabeth, n/e

Sewall. See Digges
White, Alexander, ii, i6i ; John,

ii. 431
Whitechurch, Eng., i, 2
Whilecroft, William, i, 143, 144
White Marsh, i, 225
White Marsh, Md., ii, 327
Whitten, Mr., i, 59
Whittington, Mr., ii, 251
Whitworth, Lord, ii, 254
Wilkinson, Gen., ii, 275
William and Mary College

Quarterly, ii, 203
Williams, James, i, 129 ; Joseph,

i, 122 ; Thomas, Charles, &

Co., i, 128
Williamsburg, Va., i, 93, 180 ; ii,

203
Williamson, David, ii, 444
Wilmington, Del., i, 237
Wilna, Russia, ii, 293
Wilson, James, i, 182 ; Samuel,

i, 197 ; ii, 15, 20
Willsborough, N. Y., i, 397
Winder, Gov. Levin, ii, 308
Windmill Point, Lake Cham-
plain, i, 387
Wingate, Paine, ii, 124, 135, 170
Wing's Tavern, N. Y., i, 372,

373
Wisconsin Historical Society, i,
136 ; ii, 165

d:':^^f'.i,'Mi

Index*

487

he Constitu-
i, 116, 323
Marchioness
dow of Rob-
i, 267, 314-
>i, 352, 357.
)4, 406, 407,
,438; Rich-
uis of, Lord
and, ii, 352,

Wood Creek, N. Y., i, 369, 397,

398
Wood, Major, i, 393
Woodcott, Eng., ii, 437
Wooster, Gen. David, i, 147,

165-167, 169, 397
Wootten, Turner, ii, 385, 388
Worcester, Mass., i, 93
Worthington, Brice Thomas

Beale, i, 187, 197, 233, 234 ; ii,

13, 17, 20, 25, 38-40, 43,

189

Wright, Turbutt, i, 197, 233

Yorktown, Pa., i, 219, 221, 224,

231,237 ; ii, 6, 7
Yorktown, Va., ii, 48, 51, 203,

331. 332, 342
Young, Anne, n/e Rozier, (widow

of Daniel Carroll), i, 9, 64 ; ii,

441 ; Benjamin, ii, 441
Yucatan, Mexico, ii, 255

Zafra, (Zapa), Spain, ii, 287

END OF VOLUME IL

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