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Fine Art Photography
METROPOLITAN
rORONTO
HEFERENCE LIBRARY
3'f>G.C)7Q).\4-
ALl WORK GUARANTEED THE FINEST IN THE DOMINION.
THOMAS CREAN,
LIBRARY
Wl^^K
(Late Master Tailor to H. M. 16th Regiment Foot.)
filaster Tailor to the Queen's 0wn Rifles
95 YONGE ST., TORONTO.
X*rlce I-iist ss3n.t oan. .A-pplicatioan..
Sporting Guns and Rifles,
. M. COOPER,
23 Front Street West, TORONTO,
Sole Canadian Agenf ^
« ■ ^ '../ •'
...-^>=;FOR THK MANUFACTUPxES O F!^.- * ''
' \ "' ' '..
GEO. GIBBS & CO., Bristol, Eng. '' '■ "'
«H»>''fc«*'- .'^^'•'♦•Tr.t >••;...
TI^OMj^S turner, Birmingham, Eijg.'V'i I'l^i'
W. & C. SCOTT & SONS, Birmingham, Eng.
WILLIAMS & POWELL, Liverpool, Eng.
W. W. GREENER, Birmingljam, Eng.
l^K-Snider, Mstrtihi-Henry and Match Rifles always
on hand, together with a full assort-
ment of Guns of the above
manufactures.
Illustrated Catalogue, reissued every three months, Freo
on Application*
- • I !':
THE GUIDE
Manual for the Canadian Militia.
(INFANTRY)
EMBRACING
.. / .
' ' : .'ill
THE INTERIOR ECONOMY,
DUTIES, DISCIPLINE, DRESS, BOOKS AND COR-
RESPONDENCE OF A REGIMENT
IN BARRACKS, CAMP, OR AT HOME,
WITH BUGLE CALLS AND INSTRUCTIONS FOR
TRANSPORT, PITCHING TENTS, ETC.
COMPILED BY
LIEUT.-COL. W. D. OTTER,
Commanding the "Queen's Own Rifles," 2nd Battalion Active
Militia of Canada.
TORONTO:
Willing & Williamson,
1880.
^ A ^ ^*3T
I m
I
PREFACE.
In submitting "The Guide" to the kind consideration
of the Canadian Militia, I am led to hope that it may, to
a certain extent, fill the place of that excellent Manual of
Interior Ecoutjmy, by Major F. E. Dixon, now out of
print.
I have endeavoured to put in a concise and handy form
such information as will, I think, be generally useful in
the working of a Regiment, not only in Barracks or Camp,
but also during the ordinary drills at Head Quarters.
For the latter purpose it may be said that very little know-
ledge or method is needed, but I hold the contrary opinion,
and consider that the same discipline, regularity and order
are required at home as on service, and moreover, that the
best time to acquire and practise soldierly habits is when
quietly parading for weekly drills.
I do not, of course, suppose that opportunities will ofier
on these occasions for the practice of every detail here
provided for, but a vast deal can be done towards increas-
ing the efficiency of the Militia by a rigid adherence to the
system and principles advocated.
The Guide has been compiled from the following
authorities, viz., Queen's Regulations, 1873, Army Discip-
line and Regulation Acts, 1879, Militia Regulations and
Orders, 1879, Sir Garnet Wolseley's Soldier's Pocket Bock,
Colonel Anderson's Manual of Military Usages, tlie
Standing Orders of Her Majesty's i6th, 17th, 6oth, (j7th
Regiments of Foot and the Rifle Brigade, to which I have
added my own experience of nearly twenty years in the
Active Militia of Canada, fifteen having been in the posi-
tions of Adjutant and Commanding Officer.
f
Table of contents.
I :
II
Part I. — Interior Economy.
Section I. — Private Soldiers.
//. — Non-commissioned Officers.
" ///.—Officers.
IV. — Regimental Organization.
•• V. — Drills and Parades.
Part II.— Duties.
Section I. — Roster of Duties.
//.— Guards, Sentries, Picquets and Es-
corts.
///.—Orderly Duties.
Part III. — Discipline.
Section I. — Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry and
Boards.
//. — Powers of a Commanding Officer.
" ///.—Crime.
IV. — Complaints.
7.— Defaulters.
Part IV. — Dress.
Section /.— Officers.
//. — Non-commissioned Officers,
Part V. — Books and Correspondence.
Section I. — Regimental Books.
//. — Company Books.
///. — Individual Books.
" IV. — Correspondence.
Part VI. — Marches and Encampment.
Section I. — Marches.
" //. — Encampment.
Part VII. — Forms.
PartVIII.— Bugle Calls.
is-
nd
PARTI.
INTERIOR ECONOMY.
SECTION I.
Private Soldiers.
The Active Militia being her first line of defence, Can-
ada has to depend upon it for the suppression of all
internal disorders, and, in case of sudden invasion or
war, must look, for a time at least, to that force alone for
protection.
Under these circumstances the Militiaman, whatever
may be his motives for enrolling, whether they be founded
in patriotism, military ardour, a passion for display, or a
desire for recreation, should bear in mind that from the
moment he is attested he becomes a soldier and a servant
of the state, and as such, parts for a time with the priv-
ileges of citizenship, having no will of his own, no liberty
of action, no unrestrained freedom of speech. This is, no
doubt, a severe trial to begin with, but it must be endured,
for rigid discipline and perfect steadiness are indispensable
in the ranks, and these can only be assured through the
prompt resignation on the part of the soldier of all the
license he may have enjoyed before entering the force.
He should understand that subordination, in the most
exact signification of the term, is his first and greatest ob-
ligation, as, without it he is more dangerous and vexatious
to his friends than to his enemies ; he degenerates into a
brigand, and controverts the fundamental principles that
gave him professional existence — the peace and safety of
the commonwealth. By subordination, as by a universal
intelligence, parts apparently the most diverse and discor-
dant are operated on and combined in the strictest unison,
with ease and advantage. The submission of the indi-
I
I
i il
i !
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
vicinal will produce uniformity and energy in the whole,
and enable the directing power to work for the public
benefit, P>y, and under, this beneticial influence immense
bodies of undisciplined soldiers have been overthrown
and destroyed by comparatively insignificant bodies of
better instructed men, and surely none but the most
infatuated can feel repugnance at obeying instructions
calculated to ensure at once safety and conque.i
Obedience is the first duty of a soldier, and should be
rendered unhesitatingly ; orders should not be questioned,
nor the advisability of instant compliance with them be
made a subject for discussion. The action of obedience
should be mechanical in the quickness with which it fol-
lows the order received, although in carrying it out the
soldier can prove that he is something more than a mere
machine by the intelligence he displays in executing it.
Soldiers should be obedient and respectful to all Officers
and Non-commissioned Officers, attentive to their drill,
silent when in the ranks, clean in their persons, and keep
their arms and accoutrements in good order.
No soldier should speak slightingly or disrespectfully in
any way of an Officer or Non-commissioned Officer, nor
should he ever reply when in ranks if checked for neglect
or irregularity. His thinking himself aggrieved will by no
means excuse disobedience or disrespect, but his complaint,
if made afterwards in a regular and respectful manner, will
be attended to. (See " Complaints," Part III., Sec. 4).
Cursing and swearing and the use of blasphemous and
indecent language should be strictly prohibited. None
but the most depraved minds can find pleasure in the use
of brutal expressions.
Drunkenness is a most serious crime and renders a
soldier unfit to be trusted. Those bearing such a chaiac-
ter should be debarred from all indulgences, and receive
severe punishment.
i
xoN-(:oMMissi<)Xi:i) oI'1'ICi;ks.
I
SECTION II.
Non-commissioned Officers.
The accurate execution of the greater part of the duties
of a Regiment is in a great measure depnulent upon the
alertness ind skill of th*^ Non-commissioned Ollicers
The requisites for a good Non-commissioned Officer are
sobriety, activ'ty and zeal, in the performance of duty,
itrict attention to the execution of, and obedience to every
order which may be given, vigilance and undeviating
exactness in requiring from his juniors and the men the
full and perfect performance of all duties pe'taining to
them. He should be particular in his dress and ^ constant
observer of passing occurrences, thai he may obtain a
knowledge of the customs and rules of the service, and be
thereby enabled to act with certainty and decision when
placed in situations of charge and responsibility. He re
quires to be a good drill, able to write orders distinctly,
and make out all returns and states correctly.
Non-commissioned Officers should consider themselves
upon duty at all times when in uniform, and maintain
a constant supervision over the men, particularly of their
own companies and squads ; they should assist the recruits,
tell them the best men to associate with, and prompt, by
their influence and example, the steady men and old sol-
diers to treat the recruits kindly, set forth to them the con-
sequences of misbehaviour, teach them military habits,
punctuality at all parades and duties, and the necessity of
obedience to orders, and impress on then- minds the max-
im, that, right or wrong, soldiers should first obey, and if
aggrieved, complain afterwards.
A Non-commissioned Officer should never under any
circumstances speak to, or argue with a soldier under
the influence of liquor, but at once take steps to have him
confined.
8
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
fU
(1
I >
ft!
A Non-commissioned Officer should never permit even in
j)ke indecent or blasphemous language to be used in his
presence by any soldier, much less offend in this respect
himself; he should endeavour to preserve good order and
correct behaviour among the men at all times.
Non-commissioned Officers should not connive at or
conceal irregularities.
Non-commissioned Officers should not refuse to take a
soldier before an (Officer when asked, unless the Non-
commissioned Officer is on duty or the soldier is guilty of
some offence for which he should be confined.
The moment Non-commissioned Officers become care-
less and negligent in the discharge of their duty, however
irreproachable their characters may be in other respects,
they become unworthy of their rank and an injury to their
corps.
Promotion should depend entirely upon merit, and al-
though length of service may give claim for consideration,
it should give no claim whatever for advancement to posi-
tions for which the individuals are not otherwise qualified.
Such men, therefore, as render themselves most conspicu-
ous by their zeal and ability, should always be promoted
in preference to those who, although of older standing, do
not display an equal degree of merit ; seniority should
only be considered where other qualifications are apparent.
Frequent catechetical examinations of the Non-com-
missjoned Officers should be made by the "Adjutant, and
a nominal list kept in the Orderly Room, on which should
be marked the result of each examination, so that those
Non-commissioned Officers who are best qualified, may
be selected for promotion.
Non-commissioned Officers should never be employed
personally on any duty of fatigue, nor be seen holding or
leading a horse, carrying a bundle, basket, &c., nor appear
in any position beneath the dignity of their rank.
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
at or
15^ Class
Staff
Sergeants.
2nd Class
Staff
Sergeants.
The Non-commissioned Officers take rank and prece-
dence in a Regiment as follows :
ist. — Sergeant Major, \
*2nd. — Bandmaster. I
3rd. — Quarter-Master Sergeant. *"
*4th. — Sergeant Instructor of Musketrv. j
5th. — Paymaster's Clerk. ^
*6th. — Armourer Sergeant.
7th. — Hospital Sergeant. I
8t1i.— Orderly Room Clerk. '^-
*9th. — Dnim, Pipe or Bugle Major. j
*ioth. — Sergeant Cook.
*iith. — Pioneer Sergeant. /
i2th. — Colour Sergeants, who rank with 2nd Class
Staff Sergeants, and take precedence according
to date of appointment.
13th. — Sergeants, according to date of appointment.
14th. — Corporals, do do
Lance Sergeants'and Lance Corporals, where the duty
is heavy, may be appointed, who will rank after Sergeants
and Corporals respectively.
SERGEANT MAJOR.
The Sergeant Major takes precedence of all other
Non-commissioned Officers. His position being one of
the gicatest responsibility and importance, he should be
treated with every possible respect, and never be address-
ed by the Non-commissioned Officers and privates without
the appellation of " Sir.'' When speaking to Non-
commissioned Officers or privates, they should stand at
attention.
He is the assistant to the Adjutant, under whose
immediate orders he acts, and it should be his '^laly and
pleasure to render every assistance in his power to iiiin,
voluntarily, without being called upon.
He should conduct himself so as to merit the respect
of every individual in his Regiment, and must be particu-
larly correct in his personal appearance and dress.
*No provision as to jay in the Militia Regulations.
10
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
1 .
Hi
! I I
II
As the well being of a Regiment depends so much upon
his conduct, he should be a man of sound sense and
judgment, of a good temper, and kind, but firm in the
execution of his duty; he should, of course, endeavour to
possess a knowledge of the characters and capabilities of
all the Non-commissioned Officers and men ; he should
also watch over their general conduct, dress and carriage,
and never conceal the least irregularity from the Adjutant.
He keeps the rosters of all duties for the Non-com-
missioned Officers ; he gives out to the Orderly Ser-
geants of Companies the orders and detail of duties for
the following day ; he parades all Guards, picquets and
escorts for the inspection of the Adjutant, and at tattoo he
parades the Orderly Sergeants of Companies and collects
their tattoo reports, reporting to the Orderly Officer on
duty ; he also attends at the Orderly room with prisoners.
In detailing duties he should be guided by the strength
of the different Companies, which can be learned from
the Duty States. Thus, a Company of sixty duty men
of course furnishes more men at a time for any duty
than one with only forty.
In detailing Fatigue parties, he names those first that
are likely to be first wanted. Thus, a party required at
7 a.m., should be given out before one not required till
9 a.m.
The Sergeant Major is entitled to a servant.
An Assistant or Second Sergeant Major may be ap-
pointed when the duties are very heavy, to assist the
Sergeant Major, ranking immediately after him.
BAND MASTER.
The Band Master is considered the sole instructor of
the Band, subject only to the directions of the Command-
ing Officer and Band Committee ; no others should
interfere either in the practice or public playi: of the
iJand.
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
II
nuch upon
sense and
irm in the
leavour to
abilities of
he should
d carriage,
t Adjutant.
Non-com-
derly Ser-
duties for
;quets and
it tattoo he
id collects
Officer on
I prisoners,
e strength
trned from
duty men
any duty
; first that
required at
quired till
nay be ap-
assist the
structor of
Command-
ers should
^i: of the
He has charge of the clothing, appointments, music
and instruments, being responsible to the Committee for
their safe keeping. He should inspect the instruments at
regular periods, reporting to the President whenever an
instrument is broken or out of order, and be particular in
the care of the music, not permitting any copies of it to be
taken without the special sanction of the Commanding
Officer.
He should make such suggestions to the President of
the Band Committee as he may consider beneficial to the
Band, with a view of their being forwarded to the Com-
manding Officer.
He should be treated with becoming and due respect
by Non-commissioned Officers and men.
QUARTER MASTER SERGEANT.
The Quarter Master Sergeant is the immediate assistant
of the Quarter Master in all his various duties, and should
as well as the Sergeant Major, be a model of good conduct
and respectability.
He should be present at the issue of all Regimental
stores, rations, fuel and ammunition; and should superin-
tend the removal of the same when necessary ; also
attend to the cleaning of Barracks or Camp ground.
He should daily visit the Barrack rooms. Cook
houses, or trenches and workshops, reporting any irregular-
ity to the Quarter Master ; also attend Barrack or Camp
Inspections to see that no improper charges are made
against his Regiment.
The Pioneers are under his orders.
SERGEANT INSTRUCTOR OF MUSKETRY.
The Sergeant Instructor of Musketry takes rank next
to the Quarter Master Sergeant.
His duty is to assist the Officer Instructor, under whose
immediate orders he is placed, in all his duties in the
! I
tv
I i!
12
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Rifle instruction of the Regiment, to which he is to
confine himself exclusively during the season.
He is not subject to the orders of any Non-commissioned
Officer, except as regards discipline, and is exempt from
all Garrison, Regimental and Barrack duties unless
when not actually required for the performance of duties
appertaining to his appointment, when he may be em.
ployed in any manner suitable to his rank as a Staff
Sergeant at the discretion of the Commanding Officer.
paymaster's clerk.
The Paymaster's Clerk is under the orders of the Pay-
master, whom he generally assists.
HOSPITAL SERGEANT.
The Hospital Sergeant is under the direct orders of the
Medical Officers, to whom he reports any irregularity or
deviation from the Standing Orders connected with his
department which may come under his notice.
(For further duties see "Hospital," Part I., Sec. 4).
ARMOURER SERGEANT.
The Armourer Sergeant is under the immediate orders
of the Quarter Master, and is responsible for the care
of all tools in his shop, a duplicate inventory of which
should be in the possession of the Quarter Master.
He should instruct the Non-commissioned Officers and
men in taking off and cleaning the locks of their rifles, as
well as repair and keep in a serviceable state the arms of
the Regiment.
«
ORDERLY ROOM CLERK.
The Orderly Room Clerk is placed under the special
charge and control of the Adjutant ; he has a general
superintendence of the assistant clerks, and everything
connected with the Orderly Room.
i
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS.
13
ich he is to
ommissioned
exempt from
uties unless
ice of duties
nay be em.
ik as a Staff
g Officer.
of the Pay-
Drders of the
regularity or
ted with his
Sec. 4).
ediate orders
for the care
ory of which
aster.
Officers and
heir rifles, as
e the arms of
r the special
as a general
i everything
He should never speak of any business which may be
transacted in the Orderly Room, to any one, except the
Adjutant or Sergeant Major, nor allow the clerks under
him to do so.
As the supply of stationery is a heavy charge, the
Orderly Room Clerk should take especial care that no im-
proper or useless consumption thereof be permitted, and
that every article of a durable kind be used so long as it
is serviceable.
DRUM, BUGLE, OR PIPE MAJOR.
The Drum, Bugle, or Pipe Major is under the imme-
diate orders of the Adjutant; and responsible that the
drummers, buglers or pipers, are instructed in e- ery
part of their duty, that their instruments are kept in
good order, that they practise daily under his superinten-
dence, and that each is capable of performing his duty
as a drummer, fifer, or bugler. He is also answerable
for their conduct and general appearance.
He should not permit drums to be beaten, or bugles
or pipes to be sounded, except by orders from the Com-
manding Officer, Adjutant or Sergeant Major.
On parade he should take charge of both Band and
Buglers, so far as relates to their movements during
manoeuvres, and in case of danger through frightened
horses, or at the instance of the Commanding Officer,
should stop the music.
SERGEANT COOK.
The Sergeant Cook has the superintendence of the
Company Cooks, the cook houses and utensils, and is ;e-
sponcible that the soldiers' meals are properly and regu-
larly cooked.
He should be a steady and trustworthy Non-commic-
sioned Officer, able to write with accuracy and quickr.ess:.
H
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
with a knowledge of the first four rules of arithmetic and
simple proportion.
Sergeant Cooks are usually classed with Staff Ser-
geants.
PIONEER SERGEANT.
The Pioneer Sergeant is in charge of the pioneers, and
should be, if possible, a carpenter by trade. He should
have a thorough knowledge of his own as well as a good
idea of other trades.
He is usually classed with Staff Sergeants.
COLOUR SERGEANTS.
Colour Sergeants who stand in the position of Company
Sergeants Major, should remember that to render them-
selves deserving of the honourable distinction conferred
upon them, they are bound to be irreproachable in their
conduct, zealous and attentive in the performance of their
duties, taking a pride in the cleanliness, soldierlike
bearing and dress of the men of their Companies, and
attentive to the good order of their barrack rooms or tents.
Colour Sergeants (being also Pay Sergeants) should report
direct to their Captains upon all subjects connected with
the payment and general discipline of their Companies.
They are responsible that the Duty rosters of their
Companies are kept with the greatest exactness, and for
the charge of all spare arms and accoutrements.
They should keep the accounts between the men and
the Captain, and attend at the taking or giving over of bar-
racks to be occupied or vacated by their Companies, the
drawing or exchanging of bedding or barrack utensils, also
at all barrack inspections. On these occasions they should
note all damages or deficiencies in the different rooms, so
that when the bill for barrack damages is presented against
the Company, they may be able to charge each individual
with his fair sh^re.
«
NON-COMMISSIONED OI FICERS.
15
metic and
Staff Ser-
neers, and
Eie should
as a good
Company
ider them-
conferred
e in their
ce of their
soldierlike
anies, and
s or tents,
luld report
:cted with
ipanies.
s of their
58, and for
men and
ver of bar-
anies, the
msils.also
ley should
rooms, so
cd against
individual
The following rolls should be ke})t by Pay Sergeants to
assist them in the discharge of their duties : —
1. A daily account of rations drawn for the Company
kept in a tabular form in a book. All charges or casual-
ties should be carefully noted down in the column
for remarks. In the same book should be kept a roll of
men admitted to and discharged from Hospital or in con-
finement, with the dates of admission and discharge ; also
the total number ot days in Hospital.
2. An alphabetical roll of the Company, showing date
of each man's enlistment, age at original enlistment,
country, religion, trade, and present height.
3. A Company clothing roll, showing what articles have
been issued to each man.
4. An alphabetical roll of the Company (including
attached men) for muster parade, with the cause of absence
from parade marked in ink opposite the man's name.
5. A roll showing the number of arms, accoutrements,
&c., in each man's possession. In the column of remarks
should be entered all damages to the arms,&c., which have
been noted at any inspection, and to whom these are
chargeable.
6. A miscellaneous book in which should be entered
an account of the distribution of the Company's bedding,
showing the number of sets in each man's possession.
7. A distribution of the washing for the men.
8. An account of necessaries drawn from Regimental
store, giving the date of drawing, and the price of each
article.
9. A casualty state of the Company, carefully noting in
the column of remarks all changes that may take place
in its strength.
10. A list of men sleeping out of barracks.
11. A roll of Non-commissioned Ofticers, with the dates
of their [iromotions.
i6
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
i!
I ii
§ .1
\ ■
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF ROOMS, TENTS,
OR SQUADS.
The Non-commissioned Officer in charge of a room, tent,
or squad, should keep the Roster for the Orderly men of
his room and be held responsible that the room or tent be
thoroughly cleaned, swept, and ventilated, the beds pro-
perly folded, and everything in order within half an hour
after rouse sounding. He should inspect each man's berth
on these occasions, and see that the accoutrements and
clothing are all arranged according to orders. He should
see that a correct roll of the men of his room is suspend-
ed at all times behind the barrack room door and that
the men sit down to their meals properly dressed. He
should see every man in bed, the water can filled with
water, and every precaution taken against fire by^the time
" lights out " is sounded.
He should be responsible for the good order of
his men's appointments and know the condition of
every man's kit, what part of a man's necessaries are old
and what new ; also what articles require repair, and that
such things as .may be marked for repair, at any inspec-
tion, are repaired accordingly. If a man have any of his
appointments out of order or not properly cleaned, he
should set him to work at them after parade, and should
not permit him to quit the barrack room, except on duty,
until the;y are in a proper state.
When at home parades the Non-commissioned Officer
of a squad should keep a roll containing the names, resi-
dence, and business address of the men in his squad, and
be responsible that they are warned for parades and other
duties, as well as having a general supervision over them
as already described.
The Non-corhmissioned Officer in charge of a squad
should report every occurrence to the Officer of the squad,
or in his absence to the Captain.
OFFICERS.
17
S, TENTS,
oom, tent,
y men of
ar tent be
beds pro-
If an hour
an's berth
nents and
^e should
; suspend-
and that
3sed. He
illed with
y'^the time
order of
idjtion of
es are old
, and that
ly inspec-
any of his
eaned, he
id should
t on duty,
ed Officer
mes, resi-
quad, and
and other
5ver them
i a squad
the squad,
'■■«
SECTION III.
Officers.
Sir Garnet Wolseley says, "an inefficient Officer is a
swindle upon the public." It is of more importance in the
Militia force than in the Regular Army that Officers .should
possess a high standard of professional knowledge : for, in
the Regular Service, where all ranks are well grounded in
their work, the shortcomings of one inefficient Officer are
counterbalanced by the general knowledge possessed by
those around him, and the machine being in daily use is
in such good order that it runs smoothly. It is different,
however, with a Militia Regiment, which is only worked
for short spells and at great intervals of time ; the profes-
sional knowledge possessed by their Officers is also more
theoretical than practical'. To compensate for these
disadvantages their theoretical knowledge should be of a
superior class.
Drill an Officer must learn practically on parade, but
he can acquire a vast amount of military knowledge by
study. In order, therefore, that he should really deserve
the respect of those under his command, he must take
care that his professional knowledge is of a high order,
and his men, feeling that he knows his work thoroughly,
will look up to him, and in moments af doubt or danger
turn to him for guidance.
It is necessary that an Officer should be well informed
in the responsible part he has to perform.
The first step a young Officer must take towards quali-
fying himself for command is to learn to obey, and to
yield readily to the knowledge and experience of his supe-
riors ; he will then, from them, his own observation, and
the many excellent works which have been written on the
subject, find ample means of making himselt a good and
efficient soldier.
i8
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
ji
! I
I!
■1
1 1
I ii'i
' 1
. 1
Example is a duty of high importance in every degree
of life ; in none of more utility and consequence than in
the military profession. This consideration is earnestly
recommended to all oflScers on whom many eyes are
fixed. It is their example that regulates and determines
the behaviour of the Non-commissioned Officers and men.
Officers should always encourage and promote as much
as possible healthful amusements amongst the men, and
they cannot take too much pains to instil into their com-
panies a degree of emulation and pride peculiar to each
respectively, encouraging their men to take immediate
cognizance themselves of irregularities reflecting on all.
By encouraging such a spirit much will be done towards
increasing the efficiency of the force.
Officers should at all times hear patiently any com-
plaint which may be made in a respectful and proper
manner by any of their men, and, if possible, apply a
remedy, or, in more serious cases, report to the Captain,
who, if necessary, will report to the Commanding Officer.
A soldier must be always made to feel that his complaint,
when well founded, will not be made in vain. Officers
however, are not to permit groundless and malicious
reports to pass uncensured ; where malice is apparent,
particularly when the complaint is against a Non-com-
missioned Officer, the person making it, together with his
aiders and abettors, must invariably be punished. Officers
to whom any complaints are made should sift the matter
strictly.
Officers should endeavour to procure for themselves the
confidence of the soldier in every respect. This is only
attainable by attention to his real wants, by studying his
character and treating him accordingly, by preserving a
regular and steady discipline, by the dispensation of
rewards and punishments with certainty and impartiality,
and by showing a decisiveness and fixed rule of action in
li
^
Ji
^
OFFICERS.
19
y degree
than in
samestly
eyes are
termines
md men.
as much
len, and
leir com-
r to each
imediate
g on all.
towards
my corn-
proper
apply a
Captain,
I Officer.
>mplaint,
Officers
nalicious
ipparent,
lon-com-
with his
Officers
e matter
elves the
s is only
lying his
;erving a
ation of
artiality,
iction in
every matter. Inconsistency and indecision can never
command the respect and confidence of the men.
An Officer should never discourage a well-behaved man
from at any time seeking his friendly counsel and advice.
Such terms between a superior and a subordinate, who
from his good conduct is entitled to respect, is unlikely to
lead to abuse, but rather to a feeling of confidence and
the good of the service.
Officers should at all times be anxious to preserve and
uphold, by every means in their power, the authority and
respectability of the Non-commissioned Officers ; no good
can ever result in lessening them in their own or the men's
^ estimation ; rather than subject them to severe and public
reprimands they should be reduced to the ranks, for a
Non-commissioned Officer who will not be attentive to
his Officer's admonition, nor be guided in his conduct by
the advice of his superior, is unworthy of his situation,
and the sooner he is removed from it the better for the
service.
The most scrupulous punctuality as to time and place
is required from every one concerned in any military duty.
They should consider it a material point of duty to pay
strict attention to the appearance and conduct of the
Non-commissioned Officers and men, as well oflf as on
duty.
Officers are at all times to take notice of any slovenli-
ness they may observe in guards, picquets, reliefs, fatigue
parties, or sentries. They are not to make a practice of
ordering sentries to walk about without paying the com-
pliment, as this occasions it being done in a slovenly
manner when received. They should never permit any
man to appear improperly dressed, or dirty in his person,
or awkward or slovenly in the street, whether of their own
or another company, without noticing it, nor should they
ever permit a soldier to pass without saluting, or allow a
i;
f
20
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL
11
I
Non-commissioned Officer or private, when talking to
thorn, to stand in a lounging or unsoldier-like manner.
Officers should at all times endeavour to make each
individual do his own duty. No sergeant is ever to be
reqnired to perform any duty which ought to be done by
an Officer ; neither is an Officer to allow a serge,. 'it to
put his duty on a corporal ; each must do his own.
The chain of responsibility should never be broken.
Officers should be very careful not to reprimand or even
speak to a man in liquor more than is necessary in con-
fining him, because it can have no good effect. A man
in that situation is often led to a reply and insolence of
behaviour which it becomes impossible to overlook.
Officers are never to suffer an answer to be made to an
observation made upon the parade or when under arms.
The soldier who behaves in so unmilitary a manner should
be immediately confined.
They are especially enjoined to avoid making remarks
on any military order or regimental topic within the
hearing of Non-commissioned Officers, soldiers, or ser-
vants, a practice which is at all times injurious to good
order and military discipline.
The Senior Officer present on parade, at mess, at all
times, and in all places, is held responsible that no irre-
gularity or impropriety passes unnoticed by him ; on the
contrary, he must immediately take proper steps to check
'or correct any such conduct.
It is to be considered the duty of every Officer to see
the Garrison and Regimental Orders daily, and Vd send for
the Order Book, if not brought to him at the usual hour,
as no plea is allowed for ignorance of orders.
If the character or conduct of an Officer should be
publicly impugned, he is bound within a reasonable time
to submit the case to the Commanding Officer, or to other
competent military authority, for investigation.
^s*
OFFICERS.
21
Iking to
manner.
ike each
er to be
done by
ge.i'it to
lis own.
en.
I or even
■ in con-
A man
)lence of
3k.
de to an
er arms.
iv should
remarks
thin the
, or ser-
to good
ss, at all
no irre-
; on the
to check
;r to see
I send for
lal hour,
tiould be
ble time
• to other
Officers going on temporary leave ot absence should leave
their address at the Orderly Room, as also the nnme of
the Officer they have arranged to take their duty during
their absence. Any Officer who has been absent from
the regiment, is immediately on his return to make him
self acquainted with all orders that may have been issued
during his absence.
Whenever an Officer joins or returns to the regiment,
he should, before he appears anywhere in public, wait on
the Commanding Officer.
All applications for leave from parade should be made
the day before, in wnting, through the Adjutant, for the
Commanding Officer's permission.
No Officer should exchange any duty without the per-
mission of the Commanding Officer, which is to be made in
writing through the Adjutant ; and this application must be
made before the|name of either party has appeared in orders.
No Officer should ever apply to a Barrack Master for
extra acconmodation, or exchange his quarters without
the Commanding Officer's sanction (obtained through the
Quarter Master.)
Any Officer who may be prevented by illness from doing
duty or attending parade, should immediately send an inti-
mation of it to the Adjutant and Surgeon, or Assistant-
Surgeon, who will report to the Commanding Officer. He
should do the same on recovery. During the con-
tinuance of sickness he should confine himself strictly to
the precints of barracks or quarters, unless he goes out
for exercise by the advice of the Surgeon. Durmg such
sickness and consequent absence from parade, he should,
of course abstain from going to parties and entertainments.
Officers should at all times appear dressed in accordance
mth the order of the station or garrison in which the
regiment may be serving ; an Officer cannot be too
p.5tj.tif.y.lar in his dress.
22
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
COMMANDING OFFICER.
I ill
i\
An Officer entrusted with the command of a regiment
is invested with authority which renders him responsible
to his Sovereign and his country for the maintenance of
discipline, order, and a proper system of economy in his
corps ; he is to exact from Officers and men the most
implicit obedience to regulations, and he is not only to
enforce by command, but to encourage by example, the
energetic discharge of duty, and the steady endurance of
the difficulties and privations which are inseparable from
military service.
A Commanding Officer's authority is paramount,
whether on the parade, at the mess, or in any other situa-
tion ; he should give his best attention to promote a good
understanding amongst the Officers, by advice to the
young and inexperienced, by timely interference to pre-
vent disputes, and by taking immediate notice of any
conduct likely to interrupt the harmony of the corps ; he
should explain to the Officers in the most forcible manner,
the consequences of allowing themselves to be misled by
erroneous notions and false principles of honour, and he
should encourage them, in the event of any dispute or
difference arising, to make him the arbiter, as the person
more immediately responsible for maintaining unblemish-
ed the honour and character of the corps ; and his decision
and disposal of the question should be considered as final.
Courtesy among military men is indispensable to
discipline. Commanding Officers should not only bear
this in mind, but they should inculcate the principle in
those under their command. Whenever it becomes
necessary, in order to check carelessness or neglect of
duty, admonition or reproof (unless the occasion demands
public example) should be conveyed privately, and when-
ever it is desirable to reward the zealous and the worthy.
.,1^
OFFICERS.
23
regiment
sponsible
nance of
my in his
the most
t only to
nple, the
irance of
ible from
ramount,
her situa-
te a good
e to the
:e to pre-
e of any
;orps ; he
; manner,
nisled by
, and he
ispute or
le person
iblemish-
5 decision
i as final,
sable to
mly bear
ticiple in
becomes
Jglect of
demands
id when-
worthy,
the fitting acknowledgment or praise should be bestowed
in public.
The Commanding Ofi&cer should take frequent opportu-
nities of personally examining the Officers — more particu-
larly the Subalterns — upon every point connected with
their duties in the field ; the Militia Regulations and
Orders, the Field and Rifle Exercises, and the interior
economy of a Company.
He should see that Officers are practically instructed in
the duties of picquets and outposts ; in the mode of con-
ducting patrols, and. as far as may be practicable, in the
construction of field-works. He will, at his discretion,
direct the Field Officers and the Captains to take command
of the parade, and in his presence to exercise the regiment
or battalion. The instruction and improvement of his
men also form a most essential part of the supervision of
a Commanding Officer.
Commanding Officers are responsible and accountable
for all public stores of whatever description, belonging or
appertaining to the regiments under their command ; the
duties of detail with which Officers commanding com-
panies, or quarter-masters are charged, being performed
under the Commanding Officer's control and supervision.
An Officer in the temporary command of a Regiment
should not give out any standing orders, or alter those
issued by the Lieutenant-Colonel commanding, without
a reference to him or to the Officer under whose im-
mediate command the corps may be placed; on the
other hand, the Lieutenant-Colonel commanding, when
absent from his corps, is not justified in issuing Regi-
mental orders.
Commanding Officers are to cause every order and
circular issued for general information and guidance either
to be republished in regimental orders, or otherwise cir-
culated throughout the corps ; and they are to afford all
I MM
mum
24
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL
i i
t i ■
:*M
Officers under their command every facility for becoming
acquainted with current changes in the regulations and
orders. Ignorance of published orders will never be ad-
mitted as an excuse for their non-observance.
Whenever armed parties are called out for the perform-
ance of any unusual duties, Commanding Officers are
personally to ascertain that the Officers in charge are
fully acquainted with all orders and directions that bear
on the service they may be called upon to perform.
MAJORS.
Nothing more essentially tends to the maintenance of
regularity and good order than that system or chain of
responsibility which should extend from the highest to
the lowest grade. With this view, a regiment is to be
formed into half battalions, and the companies composing
them respectively placed under the immediate superinten-
dence of a Field Officer, who is to report to the Com-
manding Officer as to their state and condition.
The duty of these Officers is to enforce every order
issued by the Commanding Officer, to assist him by every
means in their power in establishing good order in every
department, in maintaining the discipline of the Regiment,
and in..::ediately correcting any deviations from the Regu-
lations and Orders, and the Standing Orders of the
Regiment.
They will see that Ihe Officers on daily Regimental
duty thoroughly perform what is required of them, and
will immediately make known to the Commanding Officer
any irregularity which may come under their notice, and
of which he ought to become acquainted.
It is of importance that the Regimental Field Officers
should at all times make themselves thoroughly acquainted
with the professional abilities of the whole of the officers
placed under their charge, so as to assist Commanding
I 41
■»>
OFFICERS.
25
becoming
tions and
'er be ad-
; perform-
ficers are
harge are
that bear
rm.
tenance of
r chain of
highest to
t is to be
:omposing
[iperinten-
the Com-
'ery order
1 by every
ir in every
Regiment,
the Regu-
rs of the
egimental
them, and
ng Officer
otice, and
d Officers
cquainted
he officers
nmanding
I
Officers in the appreciation of the military acquirements
of those under their command.
The special duties of the Majors are as follows :
1. To maintain a general superintendence of the Regi-
ment by Half Battalions, the senior the right, the junior
the left.
2. To check immediately any deviation from or neglect
of orders.
3. To superintend all drills and enforce a rigid adherence
on the part of every one to the " Field Exercise."
4. To observe whether Officers adhere to regulation in
their dress and appointments.
5. To visit the barracks occassionally, seeing whether
the rules as to the order and cleanliness of the rooms,
passages, barrack-yard, etc., are being observed.
6. To visit the hospital at least once a week.
They will also take under their especial guidance and
instruction, all young Officers who may belong to their
portion of the Regiment, and will extend to them such
advice and encouragement as they may seem to require.
ADJUTANT.
The Adjutant should generally assist the Commanding
Officer in his duties. He is to be considered as the
"mouthpiece" of ihe Commanding Officer, and orders
given by him, to any Officer of whatever regimental rank,
or seniority, under the Commanding Officer's authority,
are to be obeyed with the same alertness as though
delivered by that Officer in person.
He will be answerable for all the orderly room work,
books, returns, and orders. He will have under his
especial direction the Sergeant Major, the Orderly Room
Clerk, and Drum, Pipe, or Bugle Major. He is to regulate
Rosters, the Officers' Duty Roster being under his especial
care.
26
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
I IMl
He will command at all the regimental drills ; but only
Officers who are his juniors in the Regiment will fall in
under him. Should it be necessary for an Officer senior
to the Adjutant to fall in at his drills for instruction, the
Captain of the day or other senior Officer must be present,
but will not take part in the drill.
The drill of all recruits and young Officers is under his
special direction.
He should report to the second in command of the
Regiment when he considers any recruits fit to join.
The Adjutant should pay particular attention to the in-
struction of the Non-commissioned Officers ; he should
also inspect them together with the band and buglers
before every Commanding Officer's parade.
He should enter into the characters and dispositions of
the Non-commissioned Officers and men of the regiment,
so as to be able to assist them with advice and informa-
tion when he p^jrceives defects ; and that he may be
qualified to recommend the most deserving to the notice
which they appear to merit.
He should be the first to set an example to Officers and
men in dress, obedience to orders, punctual attendance at
parades, alacrity, alertness, and unceasing attention to
all the duties of a soldier.
It is his duty to be constantly vigilant and careful that
the orders of the Regiment are attended to and obeyed,
with the most scrupulous exactness. He must be active
and persevering, never taking for granted that anything is
right, but constantly seeing that it is so ; informing the
Commanding Officer when he finds neglects or irregulari-
ties which it is not in his power to correct.
The dress, appearance and "carriage of the men
both on and off duty, are to be particularly attended to by
him.
He should parade and inspect guards, and armed parties
OFFICERS.
27
but only
all fall in
:er senior
ction, the
e present,
under his
d of the
oin.
to the in-
le should
d buglers
sitions of
regiment,
informa-
3 may be
he notice
ficers and
ndance at
ention to
reful that
i obeyed,
be active
nything is
•ming the
rregulari-
the men
ded to by
2d parties
proceeding on duty, which will then be handed over to
the charge of the proper officer.
When an armed escort returns to Barracks, the Non-
commissioned Officer in charge will not dismiss his men
until he has reported his return to the Adjutant, or in his
absence to the Orderly Officer.
He should be present during the sitting of all Regimental
Courts Martial, and be prepared, if necessary, to answer
to the character of the prisoner, or any other particulars
which may be required, taking care that the prisoners
and evidence have been previously warned, and that
everything is regular, so as to prevent any unnecessary
delay. He should also be present at all Courts of
Inquiry and regimental investigations of that nature.
Although the Adjutant is not to interfere in the interior
arrangement of companies, he is to take notice of all
deviations from the Standing Orders of the Regiment, and
any other irregularities he may observe on the part of the
Non-commissioned Officers or soldiers.
There is no circumstance in which the discipline of the
Regiment can in any way be concerned, which the Adju-
tant should think foreign to his department, and its
general appearance will best evince his zeal and ability.
When the Adjutant is on leave, another Officer should
be put in regimental orders to take his duty, but when he
is only temporarily absent his duty is to be performed by
the Orderly-Officer.
In corps not having an Adjutant, an Orderly-Officer of
the day (or week) is to be detailed in orders to perform
Adjutant's duty : such Officer is to sign all orders, adver-
tisements, etc., by order, before issue.
MEDICAL OFFICERS.
The general charge and management of the Hospital
and sick of the Regiment is under the direction of the
' 'i
i
I lit
1;
«
1
.
fi ;'
'l
:
1
1 J
' ill
! IP
I
28
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Medical Officers. They should visit the barracks and
married men's rooms frequently, and the prisoners in the
regimental cells daily ; communicating personally with
the Commanding Officer on all pcints connected witij the
general health of the Regiment.
The Surgeon will, when on actual service or oat for actual
training, send a daily report of the sick to the Orderly
Room ; he will also inspect every man once a week,, and
in the event of any man dying, or accident happening,, be
will make an immediate written report of it.
A Medical Officer should attend all parades for target
practice and field-days with blank cartridge.
Whenever a soldier is reported too ill to be taken or
sent to Hospital, he is to be instantly visited by one of the
Medical Officers.
The Surgeon or his Assistant will attend the Barrack-
Master at the inspection of the Hospital, and be prepared
to attest by his signature the list of damages or losses
proposed to be assessed in it, and in the outhouses
attached to it.
Upon the receipt of a route for the march of the Regiment,
the Surgeon is immediately to send to the Orderly Room
the names of such men as it will be necessary to leave
behind on account of illness, also a nominal return of
those for whom carriage will be required. See also
" Militia R. & O., 1879," para. 440, etc.
The Surgeon should examine all recruits on their joining
the corps, and report to the Lieut.-Colonel his opinion
of them.
Medical Officeis are exempted from sitting as president
or vice-president at the regimental mess.
For the position of Medical Officers on parade see
" Field Exercise."
When the Regiment manoeuvres, Medical Officers at
once fall out and keep in rear of the formations.
OFFICERS.
29
arracks and
oners in the
onally with
;ed witii the
at for actual
he Orderly
a weeky and.
ppening,, he
s for target
be taken or
y one of the
lie Barrack-
De prepared
es or losses
outhouses
g Regiment,
derly Room
ary to leave
il return of
See also
;heir joining
his opinion
IS president
parade see
Officers at
They do not march past, and never draw their swords
on parade.
During a march past they will place themselves at the
saluting point, in rear of the reviewing Officer.
When troops are on the march, the post of Medical
Officers is in rear of their respective Regiments.
PAYMASTER.
The duties of a Paymaster (on actual service), are
laid down in the " Militia Regulations and Orders, 1879,"
para. 706, etc.
When drill is performed at headquarters, very little is
demanded of him, except calling the roll at muster parades,
and checking and certifying to the correctness of the pay
rolls as made up by the Officers commanding companies,
before they are forwarded to the Commanding Officer.
Paymasters holding the rank of Lieutenant are allowed
a choice of quarters next after the Captains without refer-
ence to their commissions as Subaltern Officers.
For duties on parade see " Medical Officers."
QUARTER MASTER.
The appointment of Quarter Master is one of at least
as great importance to the comfort and health of the
soldier as that of Surgeon. The services of the
latter are only required in exceptional cases, to repair
health which has been injured. The labours of the former
concern every man in the Regiment, and are directed to
maintaining him in health and vigour ; and his duties
require a clear head and untiring assiduity. Commanding
Officers should therefore be most careful in the selec-
tion they make for the post of Quarter Master.
He will take charge of all stores of every description
belonging to the corps, and issue them on the requisitions of
Cnptains of Companies, as may be authorized and required.
30
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
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He is to receive and issue all ammunition, also camp
equipage.
He is responsible for the cleanliness of the Camp or
Barracks.
He has the superintendence of the conveyance of the
baggage of his corps when on the march, and will attend
to the loading of it. One fatigue man per company, with
the Quarter Master Sergeant and a Corporal should, if
necessary, be placed under his orders to enable him to
execute his charge. Upon the receipt of a route for the
march of the Regiment, or a detachment, he is imme-
diately to give notice to the proper authorities, and
procure waggons, or other conveyance for the baggage ;
the regulation of which, both previous to and during the
march, demands his particular attention.
He is to superintend the issue of all provisions, forage-
supplies, &c. ; and during the period of annual training in
camp he is to afford the Commanding Officer every
assistance in the procuring of rations and supplies. He
will give timely intimation to the Commanding Officer,
when a supply of necessaries is required for the Regiment,
in order that the regimental committee (a Field Officer
and the Officers commanding companies) may be assem-
bled to estimate the probable quantity of each description
of articles required.
He must keep in a guard book copies of all circulars.
&c., connected with his department, which may be re-
ceived from time to time, a letter book containing an
impression of all letters written by him, also a stores book
shewing an account of clothing, arms, accoutrements, am-
munition,fuel,provisions,etc.,and the manner in which they
are distributed. This book should be divided into three
parts, viz., an account with the Militia Department,
another with the Regiment in general, and the third with
the several Companies. All articles issued 'should be by
OFFICERS.
31
, also camp
;he Camp or
yraiice of the
will attend
mpany, with
il should, if
able him to
Dute fcr the
he is imme-
orities, and
he baggage;
[ during the
ions, forage-
d training in
)fficer every
ipplies. He
ling Officer,
le Regiment,
neld Officer
y be assem-
1 description
all circulars,
may be re-
antaining an
I stores book
rements, am-
n which they
id into three
Department,
e third with
hould be by
requisition, signed by Officers commanding Companies
countersigned by the Commanding Officer, and for stores
returned a receipt should be given or taken as the case
may be.
For duties on parade, see "Medical Officers."
CAPTAINS.
Every Officer commanding a company is charged with
the arms, accoutrements, ammunition, clothing, and other
public stores, belonging or appertaining to the force
under his command, for which he is accountable to his
Commanding Officer in case of their being lost, spoiled,
or damaged, not by unavoidable accident, or actual ser-
vice. He is in like manner responsible that the men's
messes and necessaries are properly provided as well as
for their military conduct and appearance. He is to
receive all moneys on account of the subsistence of his
company ; to take special care that such moneys are
expended in strict conformity to regulations, and with
a due regard to the interests of the soldier. In the
absence of the Captain these duties devolve upon the
Subaltern Officer appointed to the temporary command.
Officers commanding companies are bound to take
charge oi all public money received from paymasters,
or others, on account of their companies, which is only
to be issued to the Pay Sergeants, as required for the
subsistence of the Non-commissioned Officers and men ;
and no charge can be preferred against them for the
embezzlement or fraudulent application of any sum
beyond the amount actually required for the purpose.
The utmost attention is required from the Officers
commanding companies to the cleanliness of the men
as to their clothing, arms, and accoutrements, and also
as to the state of their barracks or quarters. Strict ad-
herence to this essential point of discipline will tend to
n
32
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
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the health and comfort of the soldier, and at the same
time promote the credit of the service.
They are frequently to visit their companies' quarters,
and part'cularly to attend to their messing, as they cannot
too often make themselves acquainted with the situation
of their men, nor too intimately know their conduct.
Every Captain present with the regiment must pav his
own company.
They are to attend rifle practice with their companies,
and to make themselves equally acquainted with the
instruction of musketry 'as with battalion and company
drill.
Recommendations for promotion and indulgence of
every kind, must come through Officers commanding
companies to the Commanding Officer.
Officers commanding companies are never to award a
soldier any punishment, merely on the recommendation
of a Non-commissioned Officer. They are to enquire into
the case, and dispose of it in the presence of the man.
Officers commanding companies are enjoined to instruct
all young Officers appointed to their companies in all the
details for the interior management of the company ; they
are expected to be acquainted with the name, character,
and all particulars respecting every man of their company.
When one Officer takes over the command of a company,
he should satisfy himself that the arms, stores, etc., are
correct and a certificate is to be sent in to the orderly
room stating that the company has been correctly delivered
over. .
The books to be in the possession of each are specified
in Part V., Sec. 2. They should be produced at the
orderly room at every inspection, tied together with string,
and the Officer's name (usually his card) attached to
them.
Any books that may be provided for the Officers at
I
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OFriCKRS.
33
his
the Government expense are invariably to be returnefl to
the Commanding Officer by any Officer on retirement from
the service, or exchanging his corps, etc.
All returns or states required from companies are to be
signed by the Officer commanding the company, who is
responsible for the accuracy of the "Parade States,"
Returns, and Reports, etc., for the Commanding Officer.
SUBALTERNS.
In order to establish that chain of responsibility so
much enjoined in the Queen's Regulations, and to assign
to each Officer an object to which his attention is more
particularly to be directed, each company should be divided
into four squads, forming two half companies, under the
Subaltern Officers, the senior having charge of the right,,
the junior of the left ; if a company is very strong and
there are more than two Subalterns, it should be divided
into as many parts as there are Subalterns ; or if there
only be one Subaltern with a company he will take charge
of the whole company, under the direction of the Captain.
The Officers to whom half companies are entrusted, are
responsible for the cleanliness of the men as regards their
persons, clothing, arms, accoutrements, and quarters.
Subalterns in charge of half companies should be in
possession of a roll of the same, containing the names of
the men, their respective employments, addresses when
on home service ; also the number of each man's arms,
great coat, etc.
A Subaltern appointed to the command of a company-
becomes charged immediately with the whole of the
responsibility which devolved upon the Captain.
at
34
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
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SECTION IV.
Regimental Organization.
A Regiment should be divided into Half Battalions, the
Senior Major having charge of the right, the Junior of the
left, who should Fuperintendthe Companies of their respec-
tive Half Battalions, reporting to the Commanding Officer.
The Staff Officers, viz., Adjutant, Medical Officer,
Pay-master, and Quarter Master, report to the Command-
ing Officer alone.
The Sergeant Major, Band Master (for discipline only).
Drum, Pipe or Bugle Major, and Orderly Room Clerk
are under the immediate orders of the Adjutant.
The Sergeant Instructor of Musketry is under the orders
of the Officer Instructor. The Paymaster Sergeant and
Quarter Master Sergeant are under the orders of their
respective superiors. The Armourer Sergeant and Pioneer
Srrgeant are under the orders of the Quarter Master, the
Hospital Sergeant, the senior Medical Officer,
Officers commanding Companies should first report to the
Major commanding their Half Battalions upon any subject
of importance connected with their Companies.
Every officer, upon taking charge of a Company, should
send to the Commanding Officer a report that he has had
the arms, accoutrements, company's stores, men's accounts,
&c., given over to him in a regular and satisfactory
manner. The Officer who gives over the Company will
report, in writing, his having done so, and in the event of
any deficiency or irregularity he will mention the circum-
stance and explain the cause.
The statement of arms, accoutrements, and all public
property will be sent to the Quarter Master for comparison
with his books, and will be signed by him as to their
correctness or otherwise. All arms on transfer should
be minutely inspected by the armourer.
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
35
All applications or reports from Companies should be
made through the Captain or the Officer commanding in
his absence ; no Non-commissioned officer or soldier is
ever to be sent to make his application in person to the
Commanding Officer. The only exception permitted is
\vhen the complaint or report is -against tlie Ca\ ta.n or
Officer commanding the Company, or when a soldier , iiot
satisfied with his Captain's decision upon his compl:
The several companies of a Regiment should (for the
purposes of interior economy) be known and designated
by letters. During drill in Battalion, they should be called
by their numbers, as told off.
The flank companies on parade need not necessarily be
those occupying such positions by the natural order of
their letters or the seniority of their captains, but rather
those selected by the Commanding Officer for their
steadiness at drill.
Each Company should be divided into two half com-
panies, each half company into two squads, under the
charge of the Subalterns, who are responsible to the
captain for the condition of their respective half com-
panies.
A sergeant should be told off to each squad, who is
again responsible for its condition to the subaltern. Cor-
porals will be allotted in proportion, to assist the sergeants
in the execution of their duty.
In Barracks, Camp, or at Headquarters, the sergeants
of squads should be answerable (together with the com-
pany orderly sergeant) for the discipline, arrangement
cleanliness, and r^ularity of the tents or barrack rooms,
regular and punctual attendance at drill, the condition of
the arms, accoutrements, the general state of the clothing
and appointments, and their proper adjustment. Thus
the general chain of responsibility, beginning at the
highest, is extended to the junior ranks.
36
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
11
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Non-commissioned Officers in charge of squads are to
be in possession of a roll of their squads, containing the
names of the men, their respective employments, resi-
dences, &c. (when at home), also the number of each man's
arms, great coat, etc. In the absence of any Non-commis-
sioned officer, his place and duty will be taken by the next
in seniority.
Nothing in this system, it should be understood, is to pre-
vent a senior Officer or Non-commissioned Officer interfer-
ing with or giving orders to any person not belonging to his
squad, it being an established axiom of military service
that the senior present is at all times in general charge.
Subalterns should be equally divided among the Com-
panies, and if it be necessary for a Subaltern to do dtity
temporarily with another Company, he should always
return to his own at the earliest opportunity.
Colour Sergeants report to the Officer commanding their
Companies.
Sergeants report, and are responsible to the Colour
Sergeant of their Company, as well as to the Subalterns.
Corporals report, and are responsible to the Sergeants
of their several squads.
ENROLMENT.
By the Militia Act those under the age of eighteen are
not eligible for enrolment, and great care should be taken
that none but well conducted and healthy men are
accepted.
Where the several Companies are all at Head Quarters
the following will be found a good plan for enrolling : —
A Board of Officers, consisting of a Field Officer, a
Medical Officer, and the Adjutant, should be appointed,
before whom all recruits should be brought for examina-
tion as to their qualification bv the Officer commanding the
company they desire to join. Ou being passed by the
11^
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REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
37
i
Board the recruit is brought before the Commanding
Officer, who will attest him and witness his signature to
the service roll of the Regiment, at the head of which
should be set out plainly, the usual conditions of ser-
vice, together ■ with any special regulations peculiar to
the Regiment. In order to obtain full particulars of the
recruit an attestation paper (Form i) will be found con-
venient ; this should be filled up and presented to the
Board, and left in the Orderly Room.
The recruit should then be put in orders as having been
taken on the strength, and posted to his Company with
the date of his attestation, he should then be sent to the
recruits' class, and not dismissed therefrom until the
Adjutant is satisfied that he is fit for duty. On the
Adjutant's certificate to that effect, he is served with
uniform.
In rural corps it may not be possible to carr>' out this
system, but it can be modified to suit circumstances.
Officers, on being gazetted, should be attested and sign
the Standing Orders of the Regiment, agreeing to be bound
by thfc -ame.
DISCHARGE OR TRANSFER.
On completing his term of service, a Non-commissioned
Officer or man is entitled to a discharge (Form 2), but
there is no provision in the Militia Act whereby a man
can claim it as a right until he has fulfilled the terms of
his service.
In the case of a transfer to another corps, a certificate
of service, stating length of the same, should be given,
ara vhenever a man leaves his corps, either through
death, disability, discharge, or transfer, his name shculd
be put in orders as being struck off the strength.
BAND AND BUGLERS.
The band, etc., should be regularly enrolled and taught
squad drill; they are under the orders of the Adjutant with
IP •■;
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38
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL
respect to their discipline, and under the direction and
control of the Band Committee and Band Master, as
musicians.
Bands should be dressed in clothing of the same colour
as that worn by their Regiments, with the additions noted
under " Dress " of Non-commissioned Officers and men.
Whenever the Band is dirf.cted to play at the Mess or
any public assembly, they should l>e properly dressed.
No Bandsman should engage himself to play in uniform
without the consent of the President of the Band Com-
mittee, and the Band should not play any^vhere without
the sanction of the Commanding Officer,
Any Bandsman habitually misbehaving should be sent
to his duty in the ranks, as the Band should always be
composed ol the best conducted men.
Each man should be held responsible for the instru-
ment entrusted to him, which should never be taken fp -n
the Band room unless required for duty 01 by special
permission.
It is essential that the band, bugle, drams r-^d fifes,
when playing or beating for military purpo.-^^, particu-
larly for the marches, should adhere st ictly to the time,
which will allow, within the minute, the exact num-
ber of steps prescribed in the "Field Exercise." For this
purpose the music for the different cadences should be
practised under the direction of the Band Master, with
the plummet, until the prescribed c ■■ lence has been ac-
quired. The band and the drums ?1 rrid be frequently
practised together, in order that, when relieving each other
in the quick march, the cadence may be preserved uni-
formly and uni ;:fcrrupt=wdiv.
The following books of instruction, published by author
ity, should be strictiy adhered to by the corps to which
they appertain, without addition or alteration, either as
regards the soundings or their application : — The " Infantry
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
39
The
m
Bugle Sounds," "Instructions for the Fife," and
Art of Beating the Drum."
Bands are upon no account to take part in any political ,
religious or party procession.
The system so prevalent in the Militia force, of engaging
as Regimental Bands, those of Lodges, Associations, or
private enterprise, should be discountenanced ; the Band
of every corps should be absolutely under the control of
its officers. - •
PIONEERS.
The Pioneers are a small corps of Regimental artificers,
competent to repair barracks, furniture, utensils, etc., or
do other mechanical work in a regiment or garrison, and
if need be instruct others in the same. They should be
selected mainly on account of proficiency in their trades-
and good character; they may also be employed in
the quarter master's store or other duty pertaining to that
department.
Each company should have one pioneer, and the dis-
tribution of trades in a Regiment of ten companies as
follows : Three Carpenters ; two Bricklayers (one able to
plaster, the other to slate) ; one Smith (able to shoe horses');
one Stone Mason ; one Painter and Glariier ; two Plumb-
ers and Gas Fitters.
A proper outfit of tools such as picks, spades, shovels,
axes, augers, a saw, chisel, crowbar, etc., should be in their
possession.
A Sergeant (a carpenter if possible j should have immedi-
ate charge, the whole corps being under the direction of the
Quarter Master.
DAILY ROUTINE.
In all garrisons and camps the hours for the "Reveille,"
" Retreat," and " Tattoo," throughout the year are regu-
lated as follows : —
40
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
1 iil:
REVEILLE.
Varying from
5 A.M.
in Summer to
6:30 A.M.
in Winter.
RETREAT. TATTOO (LAST POST).
At
Sunset.
Varying from
9 P.M.
in Winter to
10 P.M.
in Summer.
The time for sounding these calls is to be taken from the
main or other gua^d — to be named in garrison orders — or
from the firing of the station gun, where there is one.
Daily duties commence at Reveille ; weekly duties at
same time on Mondays.
All daily and weekly reports and returns should be sent
into the Orderly Room by 9 a.m.
On reveille being sounded the Non-Commissioned
Officers and men rise and dress, and the roll is called
by the Orderly Sergeant of the Company who notes men
absent or reported sick. An hour after reivelle sounding
every man should have his bed made up ; the rooms or tents
should be swept and cleaned, windows opened, or tent cur-
tains rolled up, unless in rainy weather, and the urine tubs
emptied, and placed at the appointed spot with clean
water in them. The Regimental Orderly Sergeant should
visit the Companies' rooms to see that this order has been
obeyed.
At a quarter before seven all men off duty should
parade, and drill for one hour ; men attending instruction
drill, and recruits, should also parade for drill at this hour.
Orderly Sergeants should attend at the falling in.
A Fatigue should also parade at this hour, and clean all
drains, urinals, &c., before breakfast.
At seven the rations of bread and meat should be issued,
when the Regimental Orderly Sergeant should see that
the Orderly Corporals and Orderly men of Companies are
properly dressed in fatigue clothing and report to the
Orderly Officers of the day, who attend, together with the
ii
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
41
Quarter-Master, and remain until all are issued ; any
complaints respecting the rations should be made at their
issue through the Orderly Corporals of Companies to the
Orderly Officers.
Vegetables and groceries may be drawn at the same
time, or if more convenient at a later hour,
The Non-commissioned Officer drawing meat for the
Company should be held responsible that it is at once
taken to the Cook-houses from the meat store, and not to
the barrack rooms.
At 7:45 the Regimental Orderly Sergeant should order
the warning or quarter bugle to sound for breakfast.
At eight the breakfast bugle should sound, when the
men sit down to breakfast. During breakfast they should
be visited by the Orderly Officers.
Immediately after breakfast the rooms or tents should
be arranged, the mess things removed, washed, and put in
their places by the Orderly men.
At nine o'clock, the Company Orderly Corporals, with
the men who have reported themselves sick, should
parade with their kits and be marched to the Hospital by
the Regimental Orderly Corporal, or Non-commissioned
Officer detailed for that duty, who should take with him
Sick Reports, and march back those men who may not
be admitted, together with those discharged from Hospital.
The Defaulters should also parade at nine o'clock and
be inspected by the Regimental Orderly Sergeant, and
also by the Non-commissioned Officers on Gate and
Canteen duty, that they may be identified by them.
Fatigue men should again parade at this hour and
thoroughly clean the barrack yard or camp, drains,
urinals, latrines, &c.
At the same hour the Commanding Officer should
attend the Orderly Room for the trial of prisoners and
other business.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
At 9:30 the Regimental Guard should be inspected and
marched off by the Adjutant or one of the Orderly-
Officers.
At 9:40 the " Dress " for parade should sound, and at
ten the Staff parade should be formed, to be immediately
followed by the Regimental parade,
The recruits and defaulters should parade at a quarter
to twelve o'clock, and drill until a quarter to one o'clock,
at which time the warning bugle for dinner should sound.
The hour for dinner should be one o'clock.
The Regimental Orderly Sergeant and Corporal should
precede the Orderly Officers a few paces on their visiting:
the messes, and command " attention."
At 2 the rooms should be visited by the Regimental
Orderly Sergeant, to see that everything is again in order,
mess utensils washed, and set in their proper places^
rooms swept, &c.
At 2:30 afternoon parade ; first class men may be ex-
empted from this parade.
At 4 the defaulters should again parade, and drill
for an hour.
The tea bugle should sound at five, after which the
Regimental Orderly Sergeant inspects the Cookhouses
to see that they have been properly cleaned, and the
fires extinguished, and after locking them should hand
over the keys and those of the wash-houses to the
Sergeant of the Guard.
" Retreat " should be sounded at sundown, the Picquet
being then inspected by the Subaltern of the day.
First Post should be sounded at 9:30 p.m., in the sum-
mer, and at 8:30 in the winter. Last Post at 10 p.m. in
the summer, and at 9 in the winter, when the Subaltern
of the day should attend at the collection of the Tkttoo
reports from the Orderly Sergeants, and again inspects
the Picquet, and also the Defaulters; the Regimental
I
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
43
ted and
Orderly
and at
jdiately
quarter
o'clock,
sound.
should
visiting
iraental
3 order,
places,
^ be ex-
id drill
ich the
:houses
nd the
1 hand
to the
*icquet
3 sum-
.m. in
•altern
rkttoo
spects
lental
Orderly Sergeant and Corporal, and Non-commissioned
Officers on Gate and Canteen duty, attend this parade. The
Subaltern should then remain until lights are reported
out by the JRegimentai Orderly Sergeant, 15 minutes after
last post sounding.
Between tattoo and reveille no bugle should be
sounded, or drum beaten, with the exception of the
call "lights out," the "fire-alarm" or other signal in
case of a turn out of the troops.
In cases of sudden alarm by day or night, and the
•' assemble " sounding a Regiment should instantly fall
in with arms and accoutrements.
In the event of fire, or any serious distubance taking
place at any time in the \.'cinity of their quarters, the
Officers and men of a regiment should immediately
repair to the parade ground and there await orders.
On an alarm of fire, the Guard should fall in ; the
Picquet should also fall in, and march under the Subaltern
of the day to the fire ; on its arrival there, should the
Officer receive no orders, he will form a cordon round the
fire, keep a clear space, and preserve order and silence.
The fire party (for which a Company should be detailed
monthly) should fall in in fatigue clothing, and act as
directed. The Regiment should remain quietly in Bar-
racks and await orders.
When a fire engine is in barracks, the Quarter Master
should have charge 01 it. It should be exercised by the
Fire Picquet every Saturday at noon, under the Subaltern
of the day.
BARRACKS, OR CAMPS.
Commanding Officers should prohibit the indiscriminate
admission of strangers into the barracks or camps, and
take measures to prevent any but persons of respectable
character from gaining access thereto.
The men should rise by five o'clock in the summer, and not
/■S
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44
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
il
later than 6.30 in the winter. The beds should be turned
up, and the rooms swept, and made thoroughly clean in half
an hour from rising; and as ever>' man should be sent to the
regimental hospital, who, from sickness, is obliged to keep
his bed ; no bed should be made down before " retreat " is
sounded. Each man should be answerable for the clean-
liness of his own berth ; the orderly men responsible for
the cleanliness of the tables, mess tins, plates, dishes, and
the room generally ; also the berths of such men as may
be on duty. The windows should be kept frequently open.
In camp, the curtains of tents are to be rolled up if the
weather be fine, and in any case the leeward side should
be raised.
The men should not use the barrack sheets, blankets,
or utensils, for any other purpose than for which they
are intended.
No washing of persons or clothes, or smoking in the
barrack room, should be permitted.
No clothing, arras, or anything whatever, should be
allowed to lie about, but everything should be in its proper
place and regular.
Every Barrack Room or Tent should hav^e posted in a
conspicuous place a small and neat label (Form 3), and on
the inside a nominal roll of the men occupying it.
When a passage or flight of stairs leads to more rooms
than one, the men of each room should take their turns
weekly, to keep it clean.
No water, dirt, or filth, should be thrown opposite the
Barrack doors, in the passage or stairs, or out of the win"
dows, but should be carried to the proper sinks for water,
and the receptacles for dirt. No man should make water
except at the places set apart for that purpose.
Any man fo'rad after tattoo in a Barrack room or Tent,
to which he Goes not belong, should be confined by the
Non-Commissioned Officer in charge.
Hi
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REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
45
)e turned
saninhalf
ienttothe
d to keep
itreat" is
he clean-
isible for
ihes, and
as may
itlyopen.
p if the
e should
blankets,
ich they
g in the
lould be
ts proper
ted in a
I, and on
e rooms
ir turns
site the
he win"
■ water,
e water
r Tent,
by the
All lights should be put out immediately on the bugle
sounding for that purpose after tattoo.
In quartering the Non-Commissioned Officers and men
in a Barrack room or Tent, great care should be taken
that the arrangement is by squads. Should it be necessary
to break up any portion of the squads, as many squads
must be kept as complete as possible, instead of detaching
a portion from each. Comrades should be as little sep-
arated as possible in Quarters.
The men should sit down regularly to meals, cleanly
dressed, with tunics or serges buttoned up. No man should
be allowed to take his dinner away from the table. The
corporals dining at the tables should be responsible for
the decent behaviour of every man of their several messes.
Saturday should be appropriated to a thorough cleaning
of rooms, windows, passages, etc., by all hands, when the
tables, forms and utensils of every description, should be
scrubbed as white as they can possibly be made. The
bedding should be placed outside to air at reveille on
Saturday, and be taken in again at twelve, noon, "While
this thorough cleaning is going on, no men should leave
the Barracks or lines.
The following rules respecting the men's rooms should
be strictly attended to, in order to ensure uniformity
throughout a Regiment.
The bedsteads should be turned up, (if of iron) every
morning immediately after reveille sounding, and removed
about one foot from the wall, which will bring them in a
line.
The palliasses should then be rolled up in a circular
form, with nothing but the pillow inside, and placed on the
bedstead two inches from the head with the outward end
to the front ; if attention has been paid to fill all the beds
with the same quantity of straw, placed crossways in the
palliasses, the requisite uniformity will be obtained. The
« I
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46
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
'! 1
If
'I
sheets folded in three, and the blankets in four, wrapped
neatly rou'id and placed on the top, the whole to be bound
round the centre by a strap ; the rug placed on the extreme
end of tlie bedsteads, so as to admit of soldiers sitting
thereon during the day, or folded round the blankets oi
such beds as may not be in use.
Each man's name and company should be written on a
card and hung on the front of his bed clothes. — (Form 4.)
The men's necessaries should always be kept in their
knapsacks, with the exception of one pair of trowsers. a
tunic, jacket, forage cap, towel, one pair of boots, and the
clothes and shoe brushes, which should be disposed of as
follows ;
The trowsers should be folded in two, and placed out-
side on the top of the beds, red seam to the front, the
tunic and jacket neatly folded, will be laid on the top of
the trowsers, waistband of trowsers and collar of tunic to
the right, jacket collar to the left, and the forage cap over
all, with the number to the front.
The towel should be placed under the trowsers ready
or use, the end falling over the back of the bed to drj-.
The boots, well polished, should be arranged under the
fore part of the bed-cot, toes to the front.
The shoe brushes, closed together, should be placed in
front of the boots, with the blacking on the top.
The knapsacks should be placed on the shelves, over
the centre of each man's bed, flat without straps, but with
the great coats neatly folded on the top, the busby or hel-
met on the right; and the mess tin covers, with or without
the mess tin on the left of the knapsacks, flat part to the
knapsack. In tents, all necessaries should be placed in
the knapsacks, which should be arranged in a circle, six
inches from the curtain pegs, with the great coat and
blanket folded on top, the head dress over all.
The rifles should stand in the arms' racks or hoops,
locks outward, the muzzle stoppers in at all times.
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
47
wrapped
3e bound
! extreme
sitting
.nkets oi
ten on a
Form 4.)
in their
wsers. a
and the
sed of as
iced out-
ont, the
e top of
tunic to
cap over
rs ready
3 dr>-.
nder the
)laced in
ves, over
but with
Y or hel-
r without
rt to the
ilaced in
ircle, six
:oat and
r hoops,
Every man (when there are racks for arms) should have
his rifle in one particular place, on which his name should
be put ; the arms should never be taken from the rack
except when the men are using or cleaning them ; when
there are no racks the rifles are to be slung on a peg
at each man's berth, or in camp round the tent pole
confined at the muzzles in a hoop.
ORDERS.
Regimental orders, when issued by the Commanding
Officer of a Regiment, should be promulgated on the
evening of the day before that to which they refer. The
Adjutant prepares the orders under the direction of the
Commanding Officer; and will sign them "by order"
before tlieir issue.
The orders should contain — first, detail of duties
called for by superior authority ; second, of Officers or
Non-commissioned Officers, for regimental duties, then
parades, or anything that has to be generally notified ; and
last of all, appoinments and promotions.
Any general, divisional, or brigade orders should be
republished, with t'l- egimental orders, for the informa-
tion of all concerned.
At the hour named for issue, the Sergeant Major
should cause " Orders " to be sounded, when the Orderly
Sergeants of Companies attend with their companies'
order books, in which they write the orders from the
Sergeant Major's dictation.
All orders, general as well as regimental, should be read
at evening roll call by the Orderly Sergeant, also by
an Ofl&cer of each Company on the first parade after
they are issued ; the Orderly Sergeant being responsible
that every man upon duty or otherwise absent, is niad^
acquainted with them as soon as circumstances ^dmit.
Any order concerning Officers only, or such ai it might
48
CANADIA ilLITIA MANUAL.
?i
'I ill
be inexpedient to publish to Non-commissioned Officers
and men, should be sent round by the Adjutant to the
different Officers to be initialed and returned.
LETTERS.
Under regulations of the Post Office Department letters
for or from Non-commissioned Officers and men of the
Active Militia, when on active service, can be forwarded
between Post Offices in Canada on prepayment of two
cents for each letter un half an ounce in weight. Such
letters must refer solc._, . private affairs, certified to by
the Commanding Officer, and in accordance with Forms.
CRYING DOWN CREDIT.
The Commanding Officer of a corps should, upon
coming to any place where it is to remain in quarters,
cause public proclamation to be made, that if the land-
lords or other inhabitants suffer the soldiers to contract
debts, such debts will not be discharged.
The usual mode of crying down credit is by means of
two Sergeants, accompanied by a drummer and fifer or
bugler, who halt in conspicuous places, and proclaim the
following : —
" This is to give notice that the Officer commanding the
Regiment does not hold himself responsible for any
debts contracted by the Non-commissioned Officers or
men of the Regiment under his command. God save the
Queen."
THE HOSPITAL AND SICK REGULATIONS.
The Hospital is in every respect under the entire direc-
tion of the Medical Officers, who issue such orders as may
be necessary for its government.
When a man reports himself sick, the Orderly Sergeant
of the Company should acquaint the Colour Sergeant,
who should inspect the man's kit, and furnish the Orderly
If!
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
49
Corporal with a list of the necessaries, &c., in the man's
possession, which, in the event of his being admitted into
Hospital, should be handed over to the Hospital Sergeant,
who is responsible for the safety of every article therein
specified.
The Regimental Orderly Corporal or Non-commissioned
Officer detailed for duty should receive a Company Sick
Report from the Orderly Sergeants of Companies (Form 6).
which he delivers to the Surgeon. In the column headed
" Surgeon's Remarks," should the Surgeon insert the
word "duty " only, it will be understood that the man is
immediately available for any duty that may be required
of him, but is to be confined to barracks for the day. Should
"duty to-morrow" or "attend" be inserted, he is not
available for duty on that day, but should be confined to
Barracks. Should the Surgeon insert the remark "Medi-
cine to do duty," the man should not be allowed to enter
the Canteen during the day.
The utmost neatness should be observed throughout
the Hospital ; all Non-commissioned Officers, when in
Hospital, and not prevented by extreme illness, should be
held responsible for the maintenance of discipline in their
respective wards.
The Hospital Sergeant should cause all men, under
medical treatment, to be made aware of the regulations to
which they become subject when in Hospital, and he
should visit the wards frequently during the day, to see
that these regulations are in no respect infringed, and that
all the directions given by the Surgeon are duly complied
with.
The Hospital Sergeant, under the directions of the
Surgeon, should be responsible for the property of such
men as are in Hospital ; the moment a man is admitted
he should take an account of his necessaries, clothing, &c. ;
4
I V .*:
I
'I
.^^v
lUc
c
\o
CANADIAN MILITIA MANU\L.
V
if he has money, he will also take possession of it, return-
ing it when the man is discharged from Hospital.
Gaming of every description should be strictly pro-
hibited.
Any patient who is guilty of disorderly conduct, swearing,
insolence to the attendants, or any other impropriety,
should be most severely punished.
Should the patients have any complaints to make of
their treatment, accommodation, &c., they should state
them to the Captain or Subaltern of the day, when those
Officers visit the Hospital.
The patients who are not confined to their beds should
be attentive to the cleanliness of their persons ; any
reported for irregularity in this respect by the Orderly
Officers should be punished.
No soldier, or soldier's wife, should be permitted to
have any communication with a man in hospital, except
by the special permission of the Surgeon, and in presence
of the Hospital Sergeant.
Convalescents, on coming out of the Hospital, should
not be put on duty till the Surgeon certifies to the Adjutant
that they are perfectly recovered ; for which purpose the
Surgeon, or Assistant Surgeon, should daily make a
particular inspection of these men at morning parade, to
prevent any of them remaining exempted from duty
longer than absolutely necessary-. On a march, when
circumstances will permit, the packs of such convalescents
as have not yet received certificates of being fit for duty
should be carried for them,
The Surgeon should send a return (Form 7) of the
sick to the orderly room every morning for the Command-
ing Officer's information, and a nominal list (Form 7)
of sick is likewise to be transmitted to the orderly room
^very Saturday morning. He should also keep an admis-
.^n and discharge book (See Part V, Sec. i).
at'
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
51
The Surgeon, or his Assistant, should make a minute
inspection of the whole of the Non-commissioned Officers
and men of the Regiment once a week, on such day and
at such hour as may be appointed by the Commanding
Officer, for the purpose of ascertaining whether any latent
disease exists ; if so, he should personally report to the
Commanding Officer. On these occ. jions the parade
should be in bare feet, trousers turned up to the knee,
jackets and stocks off.
The Surgeon should frequently visit the barracks and
messes of the men. He should report as soon as possible
to the Commanding Officer any accident, or circumstance,
which may occur connected with his department, and
whatever appears to him as bein^ either detrimental to
the general health of the men, or likely to be beneficial to
it. He should examine the black holes, and other places
of confinement, to see that they are kept in a healthy
state for prisoners.
All prisoners should be medically inspected by 9:30
a.m. When a prisoner under sentence of, or awaiting a
Court Martial, is admitted into or discharged from
Hospital, the word " Prisoner " should be inserted oppo-
site his name.
A guard should be constantly furnished to the Hospital,
and the Surgeon should signify to the Commanding Officer
the particular orders which he wishes to be given.
DIVINE SERVICE.
The strictest attention should be given by all ranks to
the attendance at Divine Service on Sundays, and the
greatest respect paid during the performance of this im-
portant duty, r.s nothing furnishes so sure a protection
against the allurements of the world, and diffuses so
healthful a sentiment, as a serious observance of the
Sabbath day.
'I
'Ml
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52
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Commanding Officers should afford every facility for
the wives and families of the men to attend public worship,
and induce them by every means in their power to attend
regularly.
All Officers should attend Church Parade, those only
excepted w^ho have the special leave of the Commanding
Officer.
On entering any Church or Chapel all should be rever-
ential and orderly in their behaviour, the Officers com-
manding companies which first go in being responsible
that their men proceed at once to the places allotted them
with regularity and without noise. Each company should
be seated as nearly together as possible, with their Non-
commissioned Officers amongst them, to check and report
any irregularity.
After Divine Service no one should move out of his
place, touch his belt or headdress, or make the slightest
noise, until the Commanding Officer rises, nor attempt to
put on his heaJdress until he gets out of the first door of
the Church.
Soldiers of the Roman Catholic, Presbyterian, or Metho-
dist persuasion should be regularly marched to and from
their own places of public worship under the command of
an Officer if their number exceed twenty, and in charge of
a Sergeant if not exceeding that number ; and the Officer
or Sergeant should remain with them during the service.
If there is no officer of the Roman Catholic or Presby-
terian or other denomination to march parties of those
persuasions to church, an Officer should be detailed for
the purpose.
In cases where there is no clergyman, the senior Officer,
whether on shore or at sea, should read prayers to the
men. ^
Church parade should invariably be considered a
'ill
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION,
■ ■:!
" general parade." Staff-sergeants and all regimentally
employed men should be present.
officers' mess.
Every Officer should be a member of the Mess, and to
direct that establishment a committee should be selected,
consisting of three Officers, the President being a Field
Officer or Captain.
The Committee should arrange such a system of
economical messing as will enable every Officer to belong
to the Mess without inconvenience, extravagant or un-
necessary entertainments being at all times discouraged
by the Commanding Officer,
Although Officers meet at Mess on a footing of social
equality, it nevertheless ought to be distinctly understood
that Mess is a parade, and that Officers attending thereat
are under the same military discipline, and as much
under the orders of their senior Officers as though they
were on a parade under arms.
The senior combatant Officer present is always in
charge ; being responsible for all that takes place at table,
and in the ante-room, both before and after dinner, and
should any individual persist in disobeying orders, he
should at once order the person so offending into arrest.
Two Officers should be detailed weekly to act as Presi-
dent and Vice-president. Medical Officers are not, owing
to the calls which may be made on them, available for
this duty.
The President should be responsible for the corre t
carrying out of every detail connected with service of the
table ; and has power to order any Officer, irrespective of
rank, to desist from doing anything contrary to rule.
He should, if necessary, report on the ensuing day any
Officer violating rules.
The Vice-president should in every way assist the
11.
ill
r
1 ; ..
54
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
President in the execution of his duty, and will sit at that
end of the table which is nearest the point of entrance for
servants, etc.
All servants attending Mess should be under the
immediate orders of the President and Vice-president.
Should any improper occurrence take place at the table,
unobserved by the senior Officer, the President, or Vice-
president through the President, should at once bring it
to that Officer's notice.
When the band play at Mess, it should not begin before
the joints are placed on the table.
No letters should be opened, or notes written, at table,
without the leave of the senior Officer present, the Presi-
dent, or Vice-President.
After dinner smoking at table may be permitted with
the consent of the senior Officer present, but this should
never occur until the wine has been round at least twice.
No spirits should be placed on the table during dinner,
and only after dinner when there is no ante-room.
The practice of Officers taking wine with one another
has become obsolete at Mess.
No Officer (unless on the Mess committee) should on
any account enter the Mess-room before dinner is an-
nounced.
No smoking should be permitted in the ante-room for a
space of one hour before dinner.
On the first bugle sounding (half-an-hour before dinner)
any Officers who may happen to be in the ante-room in
plain clothes should at once leave.
After the sounding of the first bugle, or after dinner, no
Officer in plain clothes should on any pretext whatsoever
enter the ante-room without special leave from the senior
Officer present.
No Officer entering the ante-room before dinner {i.e.^
■}if.
L
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
OD
after the sounding of the first bugle), and after dinner,
should wear his head-dress.
Both on entering and on leaving the ante-room for the
night all Officers bow to the senior Officer.
On dinner being announced, the Officers enter the Mess-
room without regard to precedence, except that the senior
combatant Officer enters first.
Except as above specified, no places are reserved for
any Officers at the table, neither do they sit according to
rank.
The senior Officer present should sit at the centre of
the table, right-hand side, the second senior Officer
generally sitting opposite to him. On a guest night {i.e.,
on a night when guests are entertained at the Mess), the
senior guest usually sits at the right hand of the senior
Officer, this place being considered the seat of honour.
When, at the conclusion of the dinner, the table shall
have been cleared and the wine placed before the President,
the Vice-president (and before the senior officer and the
officer sitting opposite to him, if the table be long), on a
signal from the President, the wine should be passed
from right to left until each set of decanters reach thv?
next point from which the other set started.
As soon as the wine, as above detailed, shall have made
the tour of the table, the President should say " Mr. Vice,
the Queen !" when, and not before, Officers should take
their wine, but not standing, unless on special or extra-
ordinary occasions, saying aloud " The Queen."
As Her Majesty's Health is proposed, the Mess-butler
should give a signal for the band to play a few bars of
" God save the Queen."
It is in no way obligatory for Officers to take wine after
dinner when Her Majesty's health is proposed. The wine
will be passed round the table as often as the President
sees fit ; time for passing the decanters to be taken by the
'!' . I i
PI '< i
i '
'il-
56
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
senior Officer, the Officer opposite to him, and the Vice-
president from him.
No Officer should be at liberty to leave the table before
the wine has been thus passed round twice without asking
leave from the President.
When the Officer commanding the forces dines at a
Mess, all Officers should rise when he leaves the table
after dinner, but it is in no way necessary for them to
follow him therefrom. The Vice-president should not leave
his place before the President does so.
It is not customary for any Officer during dinner to
change or leave his place, on any pretence whatever,
without first obtaining leave to do so from the President.
One Sergeant, three rank and file, with an occasional
assistant, (when applied for by the President of the Com-
mittee,) may be allowed to be taken off the duty roster,
for the purpose of attending the Officer's mess, and every
other facility should be given by the Commanding Officer
to support the respectability of an establishment, in which
the general comfort of the Officers, is so materially con-
cerned.
sergeants' mess.
Whenever possible a Sergeants' Mess should be form-
ed under the regulations below named.
The Sergeant-major should be held responsible for the
general regularity and respectability of the Mess ; if not a
bachelor, he should frequently visit the Mess ; any irreg-
ularity he may observe he should at once report to the
Adjutant for the Commanding Officer's information.
A Committee consisting of one Staff or Colour, and two
stripe Sergeants, should be appointed quarterly, who
should be responsible for all funds and general manage-
ment of the Mess, and should produce, for the inspection
of the Commanding Officer, each month, the Mess accounts,
.1
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
57
Vice-
)efore
at a
table
|em to
leave
I
closed up to end of previous month. The Caterer, who
should be a Sergeant, should produce his Messing accounts
on every Monday morning, with the vouchers for receipts
and disbursements.
The rate of subscription on promotion or appointment,
as also monthly subscriptions, should be fixed from time
to time by the Commanding Officer.
A statement of accounts signed by the President, should
be submitted to the Quarterly Mess Meeting for audit and
approval, and be subsequently laid before the Commanding
Officer.
All Stores, Liquors, &c., purchased for the Mess should
be approved by the Committee, and paid for on purchase ;
the President should receive all subscriptions and mess-
ing bills weekly ; and with his monthly accounts produce
vouchers for all payments ; he should pay over to the
Crterer the messing money required for the ensuing
week.
All liquors should be paid for to the Caterer, when sup-
plied; he should hand over the amount received, daily, to
the President of the Committee.
The Messing bills should be paid weekly ; any neglect
of this order should be at once reported to the Adjutant
for the Commanding Officer's information.
The Sergeants' Mess should be closed one hour after
tattoo, and the key of the Mess-room and liquor store
handed over by the Caierer to the Sergeant-major.
The Sergeants of the regiment should be most particular
as to what civilians they introduce to their Mess.
CANTEENS.
Canteens, where established in quarters, are for the
exclusive use and accommodation of the troops, and
for the ready supply to the soldiers of such liquors or
other provisions as could not be easily procured otherwise,
58
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
^
and for which it would not be consistent with discipline
or the obHgaticns of duty, that soldiers should at all times
and indiscriminately be permitted to resort to the markets
or to shops more or less remote from their quarters.
The Regimental Canteen should be managed by a
standing Committee of three Officers, of whom the Presi-
dent shall not be under the rank of Captain, who should
be selected by and be under thedirection and control of the
Commanding Officer. Quarter-Masters should not be
appointed members of the Committee.
A subordinate Committee of three Non-commissioned
Officers may be appointed by the Commanding Officer, to
act under the superintendence of the first-named Committee
for the more immediate internal management of the Can-
teen, but this Committee should have no concern in any
money payments or contracts.
The selection of a Non-commissioned Officer for the
appointment of permanent Canteen-sergeant, for which
any Staff or other Sergeant is eligible, rests with the
Commanding Officers of the corps. He should be under the
orders of the Committee of Officers. His position should
be that of steward or salesman, not of contractor, and he
should not be permitted to have any interest whatever in
the profits of the Canteen.
The proceeds of the sale of articles should be handed
over daily by the Canteen-sergeant to the Committee of
Officers, which amount should be lodged in the hands of
the Regimental Paymaster, or be otherwii^e placed in
security, as the Committee, with the concurrence of the
Commanding Officer, may arrange.
The Canteen-sergeant should keep regular hours in the
opening and closing of the Canteen, and obey all orders
and regulations which the Commanding Officer may from
time to time think proper to issue, in respect to the open-
ing or closing of the same.
)J!
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
59
by a
Presi-
shoukl
3lofthe
not be
ssioned
icer, to
imittee
le Can-
in any
or the
which
th the
Jer the
should
md he
ver in
anded
tee of
ids of
ed in
)f the
in the
rders
from
3pen-
The Canteen-sergeant should sell only such articles as
are approved by the Officer inspecting the Canteen, the
Commanding Officer, or his representative, and the articles
should be of such quality, and be sold at such prices as
shall be approved by the officer aforesaid.
Schedules of the articles sold, and of their prices should
be affixed in conspicuous places in and about the Canteen ;
these schedules should be revised from time to time by one
of the Committee; and visits should also be made periodi-
cally to the Canteen, to see that the schedules are such as
have been approved, and that the articles sold are of good
quality.
The Canteen-sergeant should at all times prevent, as far
as lies in his power, rioting or disorderly behaviour in the
Canteen; and not sufier any gaming, cards, or gaming
tables to be introduced ; and further, he should not give
credit or trust to, or receive any pledges or pawns from,
any Non-commissioned Officer or man.
No civilians or others should be permitted to frequent,
or in any way make use of the Canteen, without the
knowledge, permission or sanction of the Commanding
Officer.
In the event of any complaint being preferred against
the Canteen-sergeant, which upon investigation, should
prove to be well founded, he is liable to removal from his
appointment. He should then revert to the rank of Ser-
geant, or take that of his successor, at the discretion of the
Commanding Officer.
Soldiers should not be compelled to purchase from
Canteens, but be allowed to buy goods from private trades-
men if they prefer doing so.
Should it be necessary that licences be taken out by
the Canteen-sergeants ; the cost of such should be charged
against the Canteen fund.
6o
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
I i
CHOICE OF QUARTERS.
It being an acknowledged principle of the military ser-
vice that seniority of rank gives priority of selection of
quarters, an Officer put in possession of quarters by proper
authority should not be dispossessed by an Officer of
corresponding rank, viz. ;
A Commanding Officer of a Regiment by a Command-
ing Officer.
A Field Officer by a Field Offxcer.
A Captain by a Captain, or
A Subaltern by a Subaltern.
But in all cases a Captain may claim a priority of choice
over a Subaltern, notwithstanding such Subaltern shall
have been in previous possession of the better quarters.
Officers should be quartered as near as possible to the
men, and in as large a proportion as circumstances will
admit.
No Officer should under any circumstances be permitted
to establish a right to a military quarter he does not
occupy, nor should he at any time transfer his quarters,
or any part thereof, to any other Officer, except with the
special permission of the Commanding Officer.
When Officers are detached on duty, or when they re-
ceive leave of absence for a period not exceeding one
month, they are to retain their rooms in barracks; but,
when the Officer shall be absent from his barrack rooms,
on duty or otherwise, for any period extending beyond
that time, the rooms should be given over to the charge
of the Barrack Master.
LEAVE OF ABSENCE.
The Adjutant being responsible for the correct keeping
of the duty roster and all orderly-room returns, it is im-
perative that he should be acquainted with an Officer's
obtaining leave even from parade.
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
6r
;ary ser-
ction of
y proper
fficer of
mmand-
f choice
■n shall
irters.
2 to the
:es will
jrmitted
oes not
uarters,
nth the
hey re-
ng one
s; but,
rooms,
beyond
charge
eeping
is im-
fficer's
All applications for leave of absence, or leave from
parades from the Subalterns, should be made (in writing)
to their respective Captains, who forward the same to the
Adjutant, for the Commanding Officer's approval, writing
"recommended," (if not, stating the reason); and they
await the reply to their applications before absenting
themselves.
Officers above the rank of Subalterns, wishing for leave
of absence, should apply in writing to the Commanding
Officer, (through the Adjutant) on the day previous to
their requiring it. In cases of emergency, only, personal
application may be made to the Commanding Officer.
Applications for a prolongation of leave should be
made in a similar manner.
In all applications for leave, the reasons for which
solicited, whether a member of a General or a District
Court Martial, their address while absent, and the name
of the Officer taking their duties when absent should be
stated.
Officers going on leave of absence should settle every
regimental account previous to their departure.
So long as Officers remain in barracks, they should
attend all parades and perform all duties, notwithstanding
their leave of absence may have commenced.
Officers who receive leave of absence should be present
with the Regiment on the day on which their leave ter-
minates. They should report themselves personally on
their arrival to the Commanding Officer, and give notice
in person or in writing to the Adjutant.
They should also make themselves acquainted with all
orders issued during their absence.
Officers on temporary leave should make
good
missed during their absence. It is only when on general
leave they are exempt from this.
62
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
PASSES AND FURLOUGHS.
No sDlfiier should be recommended for these indulg-
ences unless he has been clear of a Court Martial six
months; the Regimental Defaulters' Book, three months;
the Company, two months ; punishment by Captain, one
month ; and care should be taken that men are not allowed
to make a habit of applying for passes too frequently.
Men obtaining a pass should have it recommended by
the Officer Commanding the Company. The passes of
men employed should be recommended by their respective
superiors. Bandsmen and Buglers by the Adjutant ;
Servants' passes by their masters ; and those of Mess
servants by the President, as well as by the Officer com-
manding the Company to which they belong, previous to
obtaining the signature of the Commanding Officer.
Not more than five passes, not including Non-com-
missioned Officers, should be sent in from any one
company at a time, and except for very particular reasons,
which must be explained personally to the Commanding
Officer), they should no be om mended for a longer
period than twe^^"" "-ock the same night.
All Passes (F j) should b mi printed forms, which
should be kept in the C vour Sergeant's possession and
filled in by him, from tine to time, as required. Should
the Commanding Officer or Captain refuse ^o grant a pass,
it is to be destroyed and not given to the soldier.
Soldiers, on returning to quarters, should leave their
passes with the Sergeant of the Guard, who should enter
on the face of them, whether drunk oi sober, and the
hour received.
Passes should be sent to the Orderly Room with the
Guard reports daily.
All passes for a later hour than tattoo should be signed
by the Commanding Officer.
KiiGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
63
Leave from tea roll-call may be granted by Ofticers
Cjmmanding Companies to ten per cent, of the strength
of their Companies, except on Sundays, when double
that number of leaves may be granted.
A list of men to whom this indulgence has been granted,
signed by the Officer Commanding the Company, should
be given in with the evening parade state.
Any soldier who commits himself when on pass, should
forfeit the like indulgence for double the above qualifying
periods.
Soldiers with passes granted for forty-eight hours and
upwards, should be treated in the same manner as men
proceeding on furlough.
Men absent on furlough or pass, for less than fifteen
days, should make up their duties.
In case of a man being prevented from rejoining his
Regiment before the expiration of his pass or furlough,
through unavoidable delay of trains or steamboats, he
should bring with him a written statement from the
Station-Master, or Captain of the boat, of the cause of the
delay, or be punished as an absentee.
Before any man can obtain a furlough he should be dis-
missed his drills, his kit should be complete, and he should
be out of debt.
Soldiers should be allowed to take their great coats on
furlough, which should be inspected before going, and on
returning, by the Officer Commanding the Company, but
should not be permitted to take their arms or accoutre-
ments.
In the event of a soldier continuing absent on account
of sickness beyond three months, the Commanding Officer
should require a special medical report on the case,
SERVANTS.
Every Regimental Officer should be allowed to have one
64
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
I
soldier to attend him, and Field Officers, the Surgeon, and
Adjutant permitted to have two.
All servants (those of Field and Staff Officers excepted)
should be men of th>. same Company as the Officer whom
they attend. Th^v should be of established good character,
perfect in drill, and have acquired a complete knowledge
of the duties of a soldier.
No man should be taken as a servant without the
sanction of the Commanding Officer ; application in the
first instance having been made to the Officer commanding
the company to which he belongs. Soldiers who are
likely to make eligible Non-commissioned Officers should
not be taken.
Whenever an Officer dismisses his servant, he should
inform the Adjutant in writing with his reason for so
doing, for the Commanding Officer's information.
A Register should be kept in the Orderly Room of all
men who have been dismissed for misconduct, to prevent
their being employed as servants afterwards.
When a servant is once turned away from his master-
on account of misconduct, he should not be employed
again, unless he has conducted himself, for a period of
not less than six months after his return to duty, to the
entire safsfaction of the Officer in command of the com-
pany to which he belongs.
Every Officer should supply his servant with a suit of
Regimental Mess livery.
No soldier should ever be permitted to work in any pa^t
of his regimental clothing, neither should he ever appear
partly dressed in uniform and partly in livery.
Officers' servants should answer their names at tattoo.
Officers having occasion to send their servants out of
Barracks after tattoo, should always furnish them with a
pass. Unmarried servants should sleep in the barrack
rooms and mess with their companies, and all servants
REGIMENTAL ORGANIZATION.
65
should return to their duty when their masters are on
leave of absence for more than three days.
All servants, vrith the exception of mounted Officers,
batmen, should attend all general parades ; they should
mount guard with the Officer they attend, and perform
their share of duty ; there should be special drill for them
at least one day in the week.
If an Officer is ill, his servant should be excused from
all parades as long as he is on the sick list.
No general pass should be given to an Officer's servant
unless it be signed by the Commanding Officer.
Officers' servants should keep their arms, appointments,
and clothing in good order, and be ready to turn out,
like other soldiers, at any moment.
SECTION V.
Drills and Parades.
Drill is the discipline ot the body, but tends also
materially to discipline the mind, and as the discipline of
the mind is a hundred fold more important to the effici-
ency of the soldier, the constant practice of drill, in which
all ranks have to render instantaneous and silent obedience
to the commands of their superiors, is absolutely necessary.
The efficiency of a Regiment is estimated in a great
degree from the manner in which it drills ; if there is
talking in the ranks it is a sure sign that its discipline is of
a low order. Complete silence when on parade or at
drill is a matter to be particularly attended to ; no matter
what, in the soldier's opinion, may be going w-rong, he
must keep the opinion to himself; if he expresses it some
one is sure to answer, talking becomes general and disorder
is thus created, that, under fire would certainly lead to
disaster. In all moments of confusion remember that the
66
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
first step towards the re-establishment of order is the
hushing of all voices.
When the weather permits, a Regiment should be
practised in manoeuvres by the senior Officer present on
parade, but no deviation from the established regulations
should be permitted.
The Captains of the Regiment should be frequently
called on for this duty, and the junior Subalterns to
command companies.
Drill instruction should be under the charge of the
Adjutant and Sergeant Major, to assist whom instructors
may be appointed, who should do no other duty, when
they can be conveniently spared from it.
In order to prevent the thoroughly drilled soldier being
unnecessarily harassed, a Regiment should be divided into
classes. All applications for advancement from one class
to another, should be made by the Officer commanding
the Company, through the Adjutant to the Commanding
Officer. c
The greatest exactness should be required from first-
class men : any unsteadiness or awkwardness in the ranks,
on sentry, or walking in the street, should subject them
to removal to a lower class.
When a soldier is awkw ard at any exercise or parade
he should beorderedto " Instruction Drill," which should
not be held in the light of a punishment, but only as a
matter of instruction ; he should not, however, on that
account, be exempt from guards or other duties.
All men returning to their duty from prison, hospital,
or furlough, should attend instruction drill until qualified
to act in the ranks.
Servants, tailors, shoemakers, etc., should attend one
drill, by themselves, once a week.
Companies in succession should be kept off duty daily
for exercise by the Adjutant and Sergeant Major. At
DRILLS AXD PARADES.
67
thes-e Drills, the greatest attention should be paid to the
setting up of the men, their exact carriage, and squareness
of position, with and without arms. The Companies
on these occasions, should be practised also in saluting —
in their duties as sentinels by day and night — in receiving
rounds or patrol, extended order, etc.
When circumstances permit, the Non-commissioned
Officers should be practised by the Adjutant in the duties
of Markers, Commanders of guards, and reliefs, etc.
When the weather does not allow of the Non-commis-
sioned Officers being exercised outside, they should be
assembled at the Orderly Room for the purpose of being
questioned by the Adjutant on different subjects con-
nected with drill and interior economy, and the duties
they have to perform on guard, picquet, &c.
Officers and Non-commissioned Officers should take
care, under all circumstances of parade, that the same
exactness which is insisted on in the drill squad, as to
position, smartness, silence and steadiness, is ever to be
maintained. They should bear in mind that, if the soldier
is permittted to indulge under their eye, an idle and
slovenly habit in the ranks, the best exertions of the Drill
Sergeants will never accomplish the end required; and
the instruction of the men will never have ai\y termina-
tion; for, even with the oldest soldier, his labour must, in
some cases, be resumed, and rendered almost perpetual.
No Non-commissioned officer or soldier should be
allowed out of barracks before the parade is dismissed,
or on days when there is no parade, before 11 a, m., except
on duty.
FORMING PARADES.
Drill parades should be formed as follows: five
minutes to the hour named for the parade, the "Non-
commissioned Officers' call " should be sounded for the
Torar
68
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Staff parade, which all Sergeants, Corporals, Band , Buglers,
and Drummers attend.
The parade should be formed in column of companies,
the Band and Buglers being in front, in a manner similar
to that described below; and after the rolls are called,
should be wheeled into line by the Sergeant-Major, the
ranks opened and inspected by the Adjutant or Orderly
Officer and dismissed.
The Buglers, who, immediately after the Staff parade,
should fall in at twenty paces from the centre of the
directing dank of the parade ground, facing the column,
will then sound for "Orderly Sergeants."
The Orderly Sergeants should fall in on the directing
flank at the "Advance" or "Shoulder,'' under the charge
of the Sergeant-Major, who, after dressing them, gives the
command, "Take up — distance from No. i," "Outwards
Turn," "Quick march." The Sergeants turn outward and
move off to their respective distances, and take up their
dressing with arms at "the recover." When dressed, the
Sergeant-Major gives the command, " Steady," when they
"shoulder" or "advance." Buglers should then sound
* Fall in," when the men smartly and quietly move on to
the parade ground with shouldered arms, and fall in at
♦• the order," one pace in rear of and on the right of their
Orderly Sergeants. The Band should fall in at lo paces
from the reverse flank of the leading Company, in line
with it, and, if the parade be formed in the open air, they
should play during the formation.
The Sergeant-Major gives the command, "Parade, by the
Lefl, Dress up," when the Orderly Sergeants turn to the
r;^ht, dress their Companies, and give the command,
•■ Eyes front."
The Companies being dressed, the Sergeant-Major
gives the command, "Call your rolls," when the Orderly
P
DRILLS AND PARADES.
69
Sergeants move to the front of their Companies and call
their rolls, and then open the ranks for inspection.
The *' Officers' call ' should now sound, and Orderly
Sergeants report their Companies present or otherwise to
the senior Officer of the Company. The Sergeant-Major
hands the parade over to the Adjutant, and Officers inspect
their Companies as laid down in the " Rifle Exercises. "
The Adjutant having received the orders of the Com-
manding Officer, as to into how many companies the
parade is to be equalized, should communicate them to the
Sergeant-Major, and while the inspection of the Companies
is going on, the Sergeant-Major will inquire the number
of files that each Company stands on parade ; and then,
knowing into how many Companies the parade is to be
formed, makes his calculation as to the number of files
up to which each Company is to be made.
In the army the Companies under the command of the
junior Officers on parade are always broken up. In the
Militia Force this point should be left to the discretion of
the Officer in command ; but it should generally be the
weakest Company, or the weaker ones alternately.
The Sergeant-major now calls for Orderly Sergeants,
who fall in opposite the centre of the reverse flank of the
column, and the Sergeant-Major informs them of how
many files they are to get, and from what Companies
they are to get them.
The Orderly Sergeants should at once double to those
Companies from which they are to obtain the required
files. Should an Officer be in charge of a Company from
which fil«;s are to be obtained, an Orderly Sergeant should
ask permission before taking the files away.
These files should be marched in double time by the
reverse flank of the column, to the reverse flank of the
Companies into which they are to be placed. Officers
whose Companies are broken up place themselves on the
70
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
reverse flank of the column, and the Adjutant should
inf(^rm them of the Companies they are to join, Ser-
geants being posted by the Sergeant-Major.
An Officer now proceeds to size and prove each Com-
pany, which should be done quietly and without worry;
if a man cannot drill he should be marked down for
instruction afterwards.
Whilst the Companies are being proved, the Adjutant
goes to the head of the column, and calls out the left
markers of Companies, who mark with arms at the " re-
cover " where the left of their respective Companies will
rest " in column by the left;" the marker of the leading
Company placing himself wherever he is directed ; the
remainder covering on him.
The Adjutant when they are dressed gives the command,
" Steady," the markers coming to the " shoulder."
The " Advance " should now be sounded, on which the
Officers draw their swords, and fall in with the Companies,
marching them on to their respective markers, who fall to
the rear on the words " Eyes front " from the left guides
who should dress their Companies from the left.
Each Captain should now order his Company to " stand
at-ease."
The Adjutant then reports the parade as ready, the
Commanding Officer takes command, and calls the parade
to attention, ordering the reports to be collected. The
Adjutant gallops down the directing flank of the column,
and each Captain should hand him his parade state
(Form lo) as he passes. Having passed the directing
flank of the rear company, the Adjutant rides up to the
Commanding Officer, makes his repoii, ^:v\ places him-
self in his proper place in column. If the Adjutant be
on foot he should march in quick time, as above described.
At inspections a field state (Form ii) should be ready
Ij
■^TFPl
n
DRILLS AND PARADES.
71
made out, and be handed to the Inspecting Officer
immediately after the salute has been given.
The collection of reports may be dispensed with, in
which case the parade states should be sent to the orderly
room before the parade is formed.
The parade state should be signed by the Senior Officer
of the Company present on parade, who should never
affix his signature to it without having previously made
himself acquainted \yith the correctness of the state-
ments, and thereby enabling him to answer any question
the Commanding Office, may put to him respecting the
distribution of his men. On Sundays a church parade
state is required (Form 12).
Officers should consider exactness of time at all parades
and posts of assembly as an essential principle of military
duty. They should understand that the warning bugle
is for them as much as for the men.
Officeis should not collect in groups or quit their com-
panies on parade. It should be the particular duty of
the Majors to see that these orders are attended to.
On all extraordinary occasions the bugle should sound
the Regimental call, followed by the " Assemble." This
implies the necessity of the utmost haste, when the whole
should fall in with arms, by companies, as rapidly as
possible ; eight minutes should be enough at any hour,
day or night, from the first sounding of the assembly for
a Regiment to be formed.
MUSTER PARADES.
On the last day of each month, when on permanent
service, or at the completion of the annual drill, there
should be a muster parade, which all Officers and men,
except such as are on guard or sick, must attend and
answer to their names.
The parade should be in fatigue dress, and the roll is
!]
;
72
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
called by companies by the Paymaster from a special
form, to be made out alphabetically by the Colour
Sergeants (Form 13).
The Inspecting or Commanding Officer stands by the
Paymaster, and as each Officer or man's name is called,
he moves out from his company, answering : " Here, sir, "
salutes and passes before him, the companies being
re-formed on another part of the parade ground.
DUTY "ARADES.
Guards should fall in on the Regimental parade ground
for the inspection of the Adjutant previous to marching to
their repective posts. They parade in "marching order, "
without mess tins which are left with thei. messes for
their meals to be sent to them in. The knapsacks being
taken oft by the first relief, when going out, and by the
remainder when turned in after mounting. They should be
worn again when the Guard dismounts.
The parade should fall in by Guards in column, by
the left, under the Sergeant-Major. The Sergeants of the
Guards taking up the marking, while the Orderly Ser-
geants fall in on the directing fiank of the parade, turning
inwards. The waiting men should be formed by them-
selves in rear of the column.
On the command, " Call your rolls," the Sergeants should
number their Guards, and the Sergeant-Major, who of
course knows the strength of each Guard, then calls in
succession thus: " Main Guard," "Hospital Guard," &c., in
answer to which the senior Non-commissioned Ofticer of
each says, " One Sergeant, two Corporals, one Bugler and
fifteen men, present, sir," and so on until all have an-
swered.
The Sergeant-Major then wheels the Guards into line, no
points being necessary, opens the ranks and the Adjutant
inspects, after which column is formed by him, he delivers
DRIiJ- AND PARADES.
73
the countersign (if there is one) to the Commander, and
Officers fall in.
Should there be no Officer on parade, senior to the
Adjutant he will march them off, giving the command,
Fours, right, to your respective Guards — Quick march. •
When roads are ver>' dirty. Guards may be marched to
their posts as follows: Form the Guard in file in the road,
and give the word "ranks — outwards half-turn," or
"wheel;"' this forms the Guard into two single ranks, one
on each side of the road. If there be two present, a Non-
commissioned Officer will lead each rank, which will march
down the outer edge of the pavement ; the leading man
of the rear rank will be kept opposite the leading man of
the front rank. When turning into streets at right angles,
one rank has, of course, to move much further round than
the other, which must wait for it before moving on. The
Commander, in this formation, is in rear. Before arriv-
ing at its destination the ranks of the Guards should be
closed again on each other.
The hour for Guards to mount is generally named as
from 9 to lo a. m. or 2 p.m.
The proportion of men to be furnished to each post is
three ; thus, for a guard with five posts, fifteen privates
would be required.
The Picquet should parade with the Guard, and be in-
spected with it, being dismissed when the latter marches
off.
DISMISSING PARADES.
Before being dismissed a parade should be formed in
" column by the left ' on the same ground upon which it
fell in previous to the drill.
On the Commanding Officer calling " Officers," at the
end of a parade, they should all proceed towards him.
saluting with their swords as they come up, and then re-
turning them. After receiving his instructions, they
74
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
should salute with the hand and leave the parade. The
parade, if a Commanding Officer's, should be handed
to the Adjutant ; or, if the Adjutant's, to the Sergeant-
Major, who should dismiss it as a whole, the men
leaving the parade quietly, with arms at the " shoulder "
or "advance." When not in barracks or camp, the
Officers, on being dismissed, return to their Companies, who
should be marched to their armouries in small parties,
and there deposit their arms, falling in again to hear the
orders read, and then be dismissed ; Officers being careful
that no noise is made on leaving the parade.
Officers, when called out by the Commanding Officer
during a parade, should salute with their swords, both on
approaching and leaving him, coming to the "carry" in
the interval.
No Regiment, company or party should be either dis-
missed or marched off a ground without permission being
first asked by the person in command thereof of the
senior Officer present, without respect to the branch of the
service to which such senior Officer may belong.
DRAWING SWORDS ON PARADE.
Swords should not be drawn in a slovenly manner, but
according to the instructions laid down in the "Infantry
Sword Exercise."
All Officers, except as below specified, should draw their
swords on parade, when the " advance" sounds, or on the
command, " march on your markers," without further
orders.
The senior Officer in command of a parade (except a
Guard) does not draw his sword, neither do Medical
Officers, Paymasters, Quarter-Masters or Staff Sergeants,
except the Sergeant-Major, and he only when the Colours
are trooped.
No Staff-officers, or Officers acting on the divisional
•! I
or brigade staff, should ever draw their swords on parade ;
but Officers actinj^ as brigadiers do, should there be any
senior Officer acting as General present.
When men parade without arms (as when the Royalty,
etc., visits a camp, or with side arms only, as on Church
parade), no Officer should draw his sword.
Officers on falling out when the sword is not drawn
salute with the hand.
BANDS ON I'AKADE.
Each Regiment should have its own tunes for marching
past — viz.: —
(i.) For marching past in column.
(2.) For marching past in quarter-column.
{3.) For marching past in double time.
Xo Regiment, except when ordered to the contrary,
should march past to any other tune than its own.
The airs fixed upon should be published in orders, and
strictly adhered to until ( fficially changed.
Whilst a Regiment is parading in the open air the band
should play after the " OfUcers' call" has sounded, and
continue to do so — the necessary intervals for rest of
course excepted— until the "Advance " sounds. At these
times the band uusally moves from the reverse flank and
forms a circle at about fifteen paces from the left of the
leading Company of the column.
When the Adjutant collects the reports, the band plays
a " galop " if he be mounted, and a " quickstep " if he be
on foot, from the time he starts until he reports to the
Commanding Officer.
On a signal being given, the band should then and there
instantly cease playing, no matter at what part ot a. bar,
or musical period.
When marching out, the Drum-major should be atten-
tive to keep the band at the proper distance from the
I
I
76
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
head of the column (twelve paces), and to accom-
modate the length of pace to that of the Sergeant-major,
who, marching at the head of the column, regulates the
length of pace of all.
When there is no advance guard, the Drum-major or
Pioneer Sergeant should be informed of the route to be
followed.
When marching in fours, the leading Company of the
column should always follow the band ; no word of com-
mand is necessary if the head of the column wheels at a
cross road.
No band, when marching by itself and unaccompanied
by troops, should play on any account.
When a brigade marches past and the bands are
brigaded, the particular air belonging to each Regiment
is plajed as it passes the saluting point ; during the inter-
vals between successive Regiments, the drums only beat
for a short time a flourish, dividing as it were the tunes,
except during the interval before and after Rifle Regiments
when the bugles usually sound " la casquette."
:;! '
MANNER OF ADDRESSING OFFICERS.
On any parade or duty, v/hether under arms or not, all
Officers addressing their seniors, whether of like or
superior rank, should apply to them the title of " Sir."
Officers, both on and off duty, when speaking to a
General (or Officer acting as such), or to the Officer com-
manding their Regiment, should address hmi as " Sir."
This rule should especially be observed by Staff Officers
towards the superior Officer to whose staff they are
attached.
\ Lieutenant-colonel may be addressed by Officers of
senior rank, or by those with whom he is familiar, as
" Colonel," the word " Lieutenant" being, when speaking
to or of such an officer, omitted.
H I
DRILLS AND PARADES.
77
Majors are called " Sir" by the Oflicers of their own
Kegiinents. In conversation they may, when spoken to
or of, be called by their rank only. Thus : " Do you think
so, Major ? " " Take this to the Major. "
When addressing a Captain (if his rank is mentioned),
he should invariably be called both by rank and name.
Thus: "Good morning, Captain Nash," not "Good
morning. Captain." In like manner, when speaking of
these ollicers to inferiors, their name and rank will be
mentioned : "Tell Captain Foster." etc.
Lieutenants should never be addressed or spoken of by
their rank, either on parade, duty, or otherwise, except
under grave circumstances, as when an officer is arraigned
for trial, or is being rebuked by his Commanding Officer,
or when put in orders for duty.
They are to be addressed, cr spoken of, as " Mr." :
" Fall in, Mr. Close." " Take that to Mr. Hodgins."
Non-commissioned officers and men should, in like
manner, always apply the title of " Mr." to Lieutenants.
Officers holding brevet commissions, when addressed
or spoken of, whether on (garrison or regimental) duty or
not, should be called by their senior rank, the word
*' Brevet " being omitted. Thus: " March off your Com-
pany. Major Miller," etc. ; not" Brevet Major Miller."
i
m
FIRING A " FEU-DE-JOIE.
In most instances a " feu-de-joie " is spoiled from the
left-hand rear-rank men of Regiments (that have practised
this exercise singly) firing immediately after their front-
rank men have delivered their fire, and thus not waiting
for the fire to run down the rest of the front rank of the
brigade and up its rear rank to them.
This error inev al)ly spoils a "feu-de-joie," as the
remainder of the rea» rank on their right surely fire after
them.
78
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL
To obviate this, it will be found a good plan, when corps
are practising singly, to extend several files at intervnls,
according to the ground, to represent the remainder of
the lirigade. The rear-rank men of the extended files to
cover their front-rank men two paces in rear of them (as
at open order). The front rank men should take up the
fire after the left- hand front-rank man of the corps has
fired ; the rear rank extended men will run the fire from
left to right until it reaches the left hand rear-rank man
of the corps.
EXAMINATION OF ARMS.
After a field day, etc., on arriving on its private parade,
the arms and pouches of a Regiment should be examined.
Each Captain examines the arms of his own Company.
The Regiment will, for this purpose, be formed in column
or half-column.
Each Captain should report to the Field Ollicer of his
half-battalion that all the arms of his Company are un-
loaded and pouches emptied, and the Field Officers then
report to the Commanding Officer of the Regiment.
When arms, etc., are to be examined by the Inspecting
Officer (should space admit) the corps should wheel or
break into column, after giving the prescribed salute, and
proceed as in Part III., Field Ex.
SALUTES, COMPLIMENTS, ETC.
By the peculiar organization of the Militia Force, it
may frequently occur that Officers have relatives and per-
sonal friends serving as Non-commissioned Officers, pri-
vates, etc. Whatever may be the relations existing between
Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, etc., in private life,
it should be distinctly understood and appreciated by all
concerned that, when in uniform, the relative military
p.tsitions of the ; .tvf.'.is should— in the interests of dis-
,' 1
DRILLS AND PARADES.
79
cipline and example — be strictly maintained, and the
customary observances of the service from subordinate
towards superior in all respects carried out.
Non-commissioned OfHcers and men addressing the
Sergf •'iU-Major apply to him the title of " Sir. "
A soldier, desirous of speaking to an Officer should be
accompanied by a Non-commissioned Officer.
Non-commissioned Officers and men should salute all
Officers in uniform, whether of their own corps or any
other, so long as they can fairly distinguish them.
If standing still when an Officer passes, they should
turn towards him, come to attention, and salute at four
paces distance ; when walking, they salute as they pass.
When approaching to speak to an Officer, they salute and
halt at two paces. When a private, accompanied by a
Non-commissioned Officer, comes up to speak to an
Officer, the Non-com«iissioned Officer should halt him by
word of com.m.and. When appearing before an Officer, in
a room, a salute should be given, but the head-dress not
removed, unless in a case of a prisoner, or summoned for
misconduct, in which case no salute is required, or in
places of worship, civil courts, or in the presence ci a
magistrate. A man without his head-dress, or who is
carrying anything which prevents his saluting properly,
should, if standing still, come to attention as an Officer
passes ; if walking !-,e will turn his head slightly towards
the Officer in passing. When individuals meet troops on
the inarch they should salute the Commanding Officer and
colours. Men with rifles should never salute by raising
the hand, but come to the " Shoulder," or " Advance," and
bring the left arm across the centre of the body, hand (ncr
the sling.
When an Officer comes into a room, the first that sees
him should call "Attention," when all present rise and
remain at attention while he is presei.^t.
8o
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
A salute made to two or more Officers should only be
returned by the senior.
When a salute e.t reviews is given, all Officers on the
ground in uniform as spectators, should turn toward the
saluting point, and salute with the hand.
Officers attending reviews in uniform, as spectators,
during the march past should place themselves in rear of
the saluting point.
At all inspections or reviews a general salute should
only be given to such Officers as are by Regulations en-
titled to the compliment ; other Officers vaU be received
at the "shoulder."
When a corps is inspected in line, the Commanding
Officer only accompanies the Inspecting Officer down the
ranks.
The manner in which compliments are paid and re-
turned by armed and unarmed parties is laid down in
Part VI., Field Exercise.
A party marching under the command of an Officer
should only pay compliments as follows : To Royalty and
General Officers, the Officer commanding the district in
which the party is serving, the Field Officers of its own
Regiment.
When a Commissioned Officer proceeds as above, he
should, as he passes the person saluted, raise his hand to
his head dress ; should his sword be drawn (as in the case
of a Commander of a Guard), he will salute with the
svv-ord.
It is customary for Officers to salute with the hand all
members of the Royal Family, all General Officers, Gov-
ernors, and Commandants of places, their own Command-
ing Officers, the corpse at all military funerals, r-.vid the
colours of Regiments. When any Officer makes a report
or delivers an official message to another, he salutes.
Officers meeting an Officer in command of a party should
DRILL AND PARADES.
Si
salute him as they pass, always pnnided that his rank be
not inferior to their own.
All Officers, whether in uniform or not, salute (or how to)
the Commanding Officer, and the Field Officers of their
Regiments, and all General Officers.
Officers in uniform when bowing to an acquaintance,
should never raise their head dresses from their heads.
Mounted Officers in the Field, or otherwise, when pass-
mg Royalty, a General (or any Officer acting as such), at
a trot or gaiiop. should rein up to a walk, and salute ;
after passing, the original pace may be resumed. This
rule should be observed towards the Officer commanding
the district in which the parties are serving.
The above is not, however, applicable to Staff-Officers
when actually engaged in carrying an order ; at such times
the salute should be given wit!;out checking the pace.
A Non-commissioned Officer in charge of a party should,
on meeting an Officer, pay him the prescribed compliments.
When a General Officer visits the men at their meals,
on "attention" being called, they should stand up, until
directed to the contrary ; when visited by any other
Officer they sit at attention ; at any other time no soldier
is ever to be off the position of attention, or to continue
silting, when met or visited in his quarters by an Officer ;
nor should any soldier continue talking or cleaning his
arms or accoutrements while an Officer is present, until
directed to the contrary.
Part II.— Duties.
SECTION I.
Roster of Duties.
In all duties, whether v ith or without arms, and whether
performed by corps or by individual Officers, the roster
should commence with the senior.
Duties are thus classified :
1. Guards, ist of the Sovereign ; 2nd of Members of
the Royal Family; 3rd, of Viceroys; 4th. of the
Captain General, or Governor of a colony ; 5th,
of the Commander in Chief at home or abroad.
2. Divisional duties under arms.
3. Brigade or garrison duties under arms.
4. Regimental duties under arms.
5. Courts Martial, ist, General ; 2nd, District ; 3rd,
Regimental.
C. Boards or Courts of Inquiry, ist, Divisional ;
2nd, Brigade ; 3rd, Regimental.
7. Working parties.
b. Fatigue duties.
These are divided Regimentally into duties for Ollicers.
and for Non-commissioned Ollicers and men.
3-
4'
OFFICERS.
Guards, ist, Outlymg picquet ; 2nd, Guard.
Courts Martial, ist. General ; 2nd, District,
Boards, ist, Divisional ; 2nd, Brigade
Oderly.
ROSTFR or DUTIES
83
5. Courts Martial (Regimental).
6. Boards (Regimental).
7. Working parties.
8. Fatigue parties.
The Officers' Roster (Form 14) is kept by the Adjutant
who should have one for Garrison and another for Regi-
mental duties, the former taking precedence of the latter.
When an Officer's tour for more than one duty comes
round on the same date, he should be detailed for that
duty only which has the precedence in the classification
already given and should receive an overslaugh for any
other duties. When an Officer is actually in the perform-
ance of one duty, and his tour for another dut}' occurs, he
should not make good that other duty, but his tour is to
pass him. An Officer detailed as "in waiting " is not
entitled to count a tour of duty.
No overslaugh should be allowed for one of two duties
which come round on the same date, when such occur
through an Officer having exchanged duties, or when he
is making up duties at the end of the roster.
In pressing cases an Officer on Regimental duty may
also take his tour as a member of a Regimental Court
Martial.
Attendance at a Court Martial, the members of which
shall have been assembled and sworn, should be reckoned
a duty, though the Court should be dissolved without trying
any person. On any day on which a Court Martial is not
actually sitting, its members are, without further orders,
to be considered available for parades or other duties ;
they should not, however, quit the station without the
authority of the General or other Officer commanding,
until the Court shall have been dissolved. This rule is
also applicable to Courts of Inquiry and Hoards.
A Brevet Officer should })erform all Regimental duties
according to his Regimental rank — ^Garrison duties accord-
ing to his Militia rank.
84
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Guards of Honour should be furnished regimentally.
When an Officer returns from short leave of absence,
and h.'ts to make up duties, he should make up one at the
end of each roster. When an Oflicer has to make up
duties, he should only make up as many duties of each
kind as any individual OlVicer has done of that kind
during the period of his leave.
A Regiment, detachment, guard, picquet, or fatigue
party, is only entitled to count a tour of duty when it has
marched off the ground where it may have been ordered
to parade.
An Officer detailed in orders should not exchange his
duty with another without the permission of the authority
by whom he was detailed.
The Officers on duty, and those in waiting as next for
duty, who are always to be mentioned in the orders of the
day, should remain in quarters.
No armed party, consisting of more than twenty men,
should bo allowed to proceed (^n any duty unaccompanied
bv an Ollicer.
NON-COMMISSIONi:i) OFFICERS AND MEN.
I St. — Guards.
2nd. — Escorts.
3rd. — Pictpiets.
4th. — Onlerly.
5th. — Cooks.
Oth. — Regimental fatigues detailed from Orderly room.
7th. — Company fatigues, orderly men of rooms, stairs
and passage orderly, rations carriers, etc.
The Sergeant-Major keeps the Duty Roster of the Non-
commissioned Ollicers ami men (I'onn 15) detailing the
former by name, and giving the number of men retpiired
fmm each Company according to its duty state (l'\)rni 16)
which is sent into the Orderly Room weekly.
ROSTER OF DUTIES.
85
The Orderly Sergeants keep their Companies' Rosters
(Form 17), and should have their Orderly Corporals
present as witnesses when they warn the men individually
for their several duties, which should be done at evening
parade, or at the tea hour.
In detailing fatigue parties the Sergeant-Major names
those first which are liable to be first wanted.
When more than one description of duty or fatigue is
detailed from the Orderly room, the men should be taken
off the Company Roster in the same order as the fatigues ;
i.e. the first men for duty will be for that fatigue first
named by the Sergeant-Major.
If after the issue of the usual detail for the day follow-
ing, a fatigue party should be unexpectedly called for, the
men first on the Roster for Regimental fatigue should be
taken, e\en though they should have been previously
warned for another fatigue.
Excej)t in cases of necessity men should not be taken
for fatigue within a shorter interval than two hours after
guard, or one hour after meals.
Men on guard should not be allowed to claim exemption
from a fatigue because whilst on guard it may have passed
their turn.
As a general rule, the Cook of a Company, Non-com-
missioned Officers and men on Escort, on giving evidence
before a Court Maitial, should not make good any Guards
picquets, or fatigues, when it has passed their turn in the
roster. An assistant cook should be exempt from Escort,
picquet, or fatigue during his occupation as such.
Non-commissioned Officers and men on duty or " in
waiting" should not be permitted to leave their quarters.
.,11
:
16)
RELIEVING GUARIX
Guanls will be relieved with all ordered forms as found
in the Field Exercise, Part VII.
86
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
SECTION II.
Guards, Sentries, Picquets and Escorts.
There is no situation in which soldiers are so conspicu-
ously placed as when upon Guard ; they are then exposed to
constant observation, and the honour and character of the
corps becomes, in consequence, more than ever in the
keeping of every individual, be his rank ever so humble.
Every man is aware of the impression made upon his mind
when he sees in a strange Regiment reliefs marching
irregularly, sentries lounging lazily upon their posts, the
men of a Guard lying about upon their benches, their
tunics but half buttoned, their accoutrementsdisarranged,
and their caps carelessly put on ; he never expects to find
that such slovens and unsoldierlike characters belong to
a Regiment in a good state of discipline.
DUTIES ON GUARD.
An Orderly bugler should always be warned, and parade
with the Regimental Guard.
Commanders of Guards shoald make themselves ac-
quainted with the orders of the Guard, as also with those
which each sentinel ought to have on his post. They
should inspect all reliefs both on going out to their posts
and returning from them, and should particularly ascer-
tain that the Corporals themselves are well informed with
respect to the orders they are to deliver to the several
sentinels, whom they should frequently visit, to be assured
that they know their duty and have received the proper
instruction, taking with them a file of the Guard as escort
and specifying in their Guartl report the particular hour
at which they performed these duties. In the reports of
all Guards should likewise be mentioned the hours when
visited by Oflicers or rounds of any description. They
should maintain a proper authority, and be responsible
CA'ARDS, SENTRIKS, iiTC.
87
tli.lt no drinking, swearing or K''iniblinK is allowed in the
Guard room, takinj^ care that all are exact in the per-
f(jrmance of their di'^y, and that no species of irregularity
is permitted anions the men.
When an Ollicer visits sentries, he shonld l)e accom-
panied by a Non-commissioned Oflicer of the j^uard, and
when a Non-commissioned Officer visits his sentries he
should take a file of men, marchin},' six paces in front ( f
them.
Neither Officers or soldiers should on any account take
off their clothes or accoutrements while they are on guard,
except when cleaning themselves after reveille in the
morning, and then (jnly one relief should do so at a time;
they should shave, wash, and clean themselves, and the
men on sentry at the time should do so as soon as
relieved.
No man of the Guard should ever be seen smoking out-
side the guard room, or appea;' outside with a forage
cap on.
Commanders of Guards should remain constantly with
their Guards, except while visiting their sentries, and
they should not enter any public house or place of
entertainment ; when obliged to leave the Guard, they
should inform the second in command of the reason of
their absence and the probable time of return. In the
absence of Non-commissioned Ollicers - as for instance on
a Corporal's Ciuard or party, — if anything should liaj>pen
*.o the Corporal, the oldest soldier, whether drummer or
private, becomes answerable for the Ciuard or party until
a Non-commissioned Ollicer joins it. The roll should be
called at uncertam hours to see that no man is absent
without permission.
They should patrol round the (juarters at uncertain
hours during the night, to see that all is correct, and that
no lights but those authorized are burning.
i
\
88
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
They shoijlrl receive all passes from men coming into
fjuarters after hours, and enter on the same the time that
each individual came in, also, whether drunk or sober:
these passes should be sent with the Guard report to the
Orderly room.
They should report all Non-commissioned Officers and
men coming into (juarters after tatto(j, who are not (jn
duty or pass ; if they are drunk they should be detained
as prisoners.
They should be responsible that no one but the Guard
and the prisoners are permitted to remain in the Guard
house, and should give orders to the sentry on the dofir
not to admi* any one except the (Officer of the day, or
those with rations or clothing, which latter should be ex-
amined previous to its being handed to the men.
Should a man be taken ill on guard a report is im-
mediately to be sent to the Adjutant or Sergeant-Major,
who should see that one of the waiting men is sent to
relieve him without delay,
In case of fire or other alarm, it should be reported at
f)nce to the Adjutant or Orderly Officer, and the Guard
should at once turn out and remain under orders.
Commanders of Guards receive such [prisoners as
are made over to them by an Officer or Non-commissioned
Officer. A written charge or crime should in all cases be
retjuired with each ; but the Commander of a Guard should
not refuse to receive a prisoner on the ground that a
written charge or crime is not given him with the prisoner.
It is sufficient for him to know that the prisoner is amen-
able to military law, and that the person confining him is
known and responsible.
If no charge is received against a prisoner by the Com-
mander of a Guard, he should report the prisoner and the
person confining him, stating that no crime had been
received, to the visiting Officer, and enter his name in the
Guard report.
U i
GUARDS, SENTRIES. ETC.
89
The Coinmaiuler of a (iuanl should on no account
rehiase a prisoner committed to his charge, without proper
authority.
Commandersof Guards should minutely inspect prisoners
before they are placed in confinement, and take from them
any implement with which they can injure themselves or
others, or that can be used in any way to facilitate their
escape. Any article found on prisoners should be delivered
to Colour Serj,'eants.
The Commander of a (iuard should see that the j)ris-
oners under his charge shave and wash and are inspected
by the Surgeon, before being brought before the Command-
ing Officer. He should likewise be careful that none
of them are brought up except they are perfectly sober.
The Commander of a (iuard should direct the (Orderly
lUigler to sound the "reveille" at the j)roiK'r hour; also
for defaulteis at uncertain times, and on a general average
of once an hour, between reveille and tattoo. The first
call should not be earlier than half an hour after reveille,
and the last at first post. Defaulters should not be
called at a time when they are supposed to be in their
quarters, at meals, &c. He should of course, have a
list of defaulters and men on pass, furnished him by
the Regimental Orderly Sergeant.
The name of every prisoner confined during the period
on duty should be inserted in the (iuard report, and men-
tion made of authority on which any prisoner may have
been released.
The Commander of the new Guard, before receiving
over the prisoners, should fall them in, call over their
names from the duplicate Guard report, inspect them,
and also the several articles in charge of the Guard.
Prisoners in the Guard Room should not have their
great coats durinp the day in the summer months, but they
should be brougia to them at tattoo, and taken away
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
at reveille. Prisoners in the Regimental cells un-
dergoing imprisonment by order of the Commanding
Officer should be allowed great coats and rugs or blankets
for the night.
Corporals of Reliefs should always count and hand over
the prisoners to the new sentry, when in the act of re-
lieving.
If a prisoner, or a soldier of the Guard, is found to be
in liquor, the Commander of the Guard should be held
accountable for it, as no such occurrence can take place if
he does his duty.
The Corporal should assist the Commander in the per-
formance of his duties, and check all irregularities that
may come under his notice ; he should post the sentries
properly, and see that all is correct about and near their
posts, and read and explain the orders to those who cannot
read.
Although guards may mount in great coats in con-
sequence of wet weather, it is not intended that they
should be worn during the day after the rain has ceased.
No soldier should be employed in holding a horse, or
in any other way unconnected with the orders of his
guard.
The meals of all on guard should be brought to them,
or if at too great a distance should be taken and cooked
on guard.
Commanders of Guards should make out a report (Form
18), stating the hours at which they visited their sentries,
the hours they were visited by the Orderly Officers, with
a list of the prisoners under their charge, a list of the
articles in the guard house received from the last guard.
Anything unusual occurring during the tour of duty should
instantly be reported to the Officer of the day.
Every man's name, the number of the post on which he
does sentry, and the hours during which he is posted,
GUARDS, SENTRIES, ETC,
m-
ng
91
should be entered in the report ; men should not be
changed on the several posts.
A Commander of a Guard should be held responsible for
the furniture, etc., that betakes over, and should be par-
ticular to notify damages in his report.
Guards turn out at Reveille, Retreat, and Tattoo, and
should be inspected by the Officers or Non-commissioned
Officers commanding.
Guards on being relieved should march to their Regi-
mental parades and be dismissed, the Commander first
reporting his guard to the Adjutant.
li^
GUARDS PAYING COMPLIMENTS.
Guards should be under arms at all times when armed
parties approach their posts ; and when such parties are
commanded by Officers they present arms and beat a
ruffle or sound a flourish. Officers saluting, but they
should not pay compliments nor turn out as a mai.tf^r of
compliment afterthe " Retreat " has been sounded. Guards
should " stand to" their arms while unarmed parties com-
manded by Officers pass their posts. The manner in
which guards turn out, pay compliments, and sentries
salute, is laid down in the " Field Exercises," Part VII.
To the Governor-General all Guards should turn out
with presented arms, and beat a ruffle or sound a flourish.
Guards should turn out and pay the compliments to
General Officers in uniform. General Officers meeting
Guards on the march are also entitled to the usual salute
in passing.
When such Officers pass Guards while in the act of
relieving, both guards should salute, receiving the word
of command from the senior Officer present with them.
The colours of a Regiment, passing a Guard, should be
saluted with the utmost respect, bugles or trumpets sound-
ing, and the drums beating the march.
92
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
To Lieutenant-Colonels the Guards of their own Regi-
ments should turn out, and "present arms '' once a day,
after which they turn out to him with shouldered arms.
To Majors their own Guards should turn out with
shouldered arms once a day ; at other times they are to
"stand to" their arms.
When the command of a Regiment devolves on a Major
or Captain, his own Guards should pay him the same com-
pliment as is ordered for the Lieutenant-Colonel.
When Garrison or other guards proceeding to or from
their posts meet the Field Ofl&cer of the day, they should
salute him in passing.
No Officer, who is not dressed in uniform, is entitled to
the compliment of a guard turning out. The several
members of the Royal Family and His Excellency the
Governor-General are excepted from this rule.
Whenever the turning out of the Guard is dispensed
with by the person entitled to the compliment, the Com-
mander of the guard should remain outside until he has
passed.
RELIEFS.
The manner of relieving and posting sentries is laid
down in the " Field Exercise," Part VIL
Reliefs marching in line should move at right angles to
the front of the sentry to be relieved.
A Relief in line should stand as follows : — No. i right-
hand man front rank covered by No. 2, No. 3 next to
No. I , covered by No. 4, and so on— f 1 1
As each man in succession moves out to go on sentry,
the remainder of the men of the Relief should move so
as to bring the man for the next post on the right of the
front rank ; and also so as to make a vacant place for the
relieved sentry to occupy on the left of the rear rank.
A relieved sentry when joining a Relief should move
into his place round the left flank.
■'I'
GUARDS, SENTRIES, ETC.
93
The following is a detailed description of the manner
in which men in a relief move, as alternate men move out,
to go on sentry : —
At No. I Post. — No. I steps out to relieve old sentry,
his rear-rank man, No. 2, steps up into the front rank and
occupies his place, the remainder of the rear rank covering
off 24 inches to the right ; by these movements No. 2 is
ready on the right of the front rank to step out at the
next post, and a vacant space is left on the left of the rear
rank for the relieved sentry to occupy.
At No. 2 Post. — No. 2 (right-hand front-rank man) steps
out, and in order to bring No, 3 (the man for next post)
on the right of front rank, the remainder of the front rank
cover off 24 inches to their right, the left-hand rear-rank
man steps up into the front rank, thus leaving the required
vacant space on the le:t of the rear rank for the relieved
sentry ; and so on.
SENTRIES.
For Instructions in paying compliments and challenging
see " Field Exercise," Part VII.
A Sentry is a Soldier placed in such a position as to
be able to watch the approach of the enemy, to prevent
surprises, to protect property, to stop any person who en-
deavours to pass his post without an order, and without
stating who he is. Sentries should be placed before the
arms of all Guards, at the quarters of General and C. i-
manding Officers, or over any person or property to be
guarded. They should be vigilant at their posts, not
sing or smoke, nor suffer any noise to be made near them.
They shouid at all times be provided with a written or
printed order, detailing ^he special duty they are to dis-
charge.
Sentries should be relieved every, two hours ; in very
severe weather they may be relieved every hour ; but a
sentry should not on any account leave his post until
M.
i
94
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
regularly relieved. In case of illness he should pass the
Avord to the Commander of the Guard, whose duty it will
be to relieve him.
If a fire breaks out, or other alarm occurs, he should
immediately pass the intelligence to the Commander of
the Guard.
Sentries posted near Barrack cells should not be per-
mitted to communicate with prisoners, or have anything
to do with their discipline. They should call the attention
of the Commander of the Guard to any irregularity, and
apprise him if a prisoner desires to see him.
A Sentry should never stand to speak to any one while
on his post ; but, if spoken to will answer civilly and walk
on ; and if any civilian is doing anything contrary to the
orders of his post, he should tell him to desist in a quiet
and respectful tone, which, if of no effect, he should call
for the Commander of the Guard.
Hospital Sentries should not admit any person except
the Medical Officer, Chaplain, Officers of the Regiment,
persons employed in the Hospital, and visitors at the
fixed visiting hours ; the latter should be provided with
passes from the Medical Officer. They should prevent
liquor or any other axticle being carried into the Hospital
without the Surgeon's permission, and not allow any
patient to go beyond the prescribed boundaries without a
leave ticket. They should also stop Orderlies carrying
bundles from Hospital without a pass.
Sentries mounted over the quarters of a General Officer,
should be instructed to pay the compliment of " presenting
arms ' to General Officers only; to Officers below that
rank Sentries should stand with shouldered arms ; in all
cases, however, they should pay the prescribed compliment
to armed parties passing their posts.
The Sentry at the Guard room door should take charge
of the prisoners confined in the Guard room and the arms
GUARDS, SENTRIES, ETC.
95
of the Guard. He should turn out the Guard on the
approach of armed parties or the Commanding Officer ;
also to grand and visiting " rounds."
A Sentry should always take charge of government
property within his view, and never, upon any account,
give up or allow his arms to be taken from him.
All orders to sentries should be given through an Officer
or Non-commissioned Officer of the Guard, and a Sentry
should never give over his orders to any one except the
Commanding Officer, unless in the presence of an Officer
•or Non-commissioned Officer of the Guard.
!^!
; li
ESCORTS.
Officers, or Non-Commissioned Officers, commanding
Escorts, should be held strictly responsible for their conduct
and appearance, the safe custody of their prisoners, and
the security of the stores entrusted to their charge, and
should invariably demand a receipt from the person to
whom they deliver over the same.
The subsistence of men proceeding on detached duties
should be given to the Officer, or Non-Commissioned Offi-
cer, commanding the party, by whom it should be issued
daily to the men, care being taken that no claims of land-
lords or other inhabitants are left unsettled.
Escorts under charge of Non-Commissioned Officers
should, immediately upon arrival at a military station, be
marched to the parade ground, for the purpose of being
inspected by the Orderly Officer.
On the return of an Escort, or detachment, to Head
Quarters, the Commander should report in person, (if an
Officer to the Commanding Officer, and if a Non-Commis-
sioned Officer to the Adjutant,) before dismissing his party
in order that the same may be inspected without delay.
The Commanders of Escorts should march immediately
in rear of their party, which will enable them to have a full
view of each individual.
96
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
When Escorts have loaded arms care should be taken
on the return of the party, that the cartridges are drawn-
and returned to the Quarter Master, before the men are
dismissed.
Escorts of prisoners proceeding by rail, should not load
until they have quitted the train, but the prisoners should
be handcuffed,
PICQUETS.
The Picquet should parade daily at Guard mounting,
and remain in quarters ready to turn out when required ;
they fall in at Retreat, and at Tattoo, and receive from the
Orderly Officer the necessary instructions relative to send-
ing out patrols.
When Picquets parade for patrolling, they should wear
side arms only.
Patrols should consist at least of one Non-Commissioned
Officer and eight privates, and should make prisoners of
all soldiers found drunk, or disorderly, in the streets, or
public houses, or men out of barracks or camp after hours
without a pass.
The Patrol should not enter a public house unless the
street door is open, and on no account examine any other
part of the house than the bar room, except accompanied
by a constable.
The Patrol should not on any account interfere with the
inhabitants, nor take others than soldiers into custody.
When the alarm sounds, the inlying Picquet should
immediately get under arms, and the fire Picquet fall in as
rapidly as possible, in fatigue dress, and wait for instruc-
tions. The Officers on Regimental duty should join the
Picquet.
Should the Regimental call and the " Assemble " sound,
the whole will turn out with arms.
No man of the Picquet should be allowed to enter the
GUARDS, SEN'TKIES', ETC.
97
i
Canteen from the time he mounts until he is dismissed at
night.
POLICE.
With a view to maintain order and regularity within the
lines of a Regiment, every corps should detail two or three
steady soldiers to act as regimental police, under the
superintendence of the Provost-sergeant, whom they should
assist in the performance of the police duties above speci-
fied. The number of men for this special service should
vary according to circumstances, but in ordinary cases
three men in an enclosed barrack ought to sufl&ce. The
number should never exceed six.
A Sergeant specially selected from the regiments in garri-
son or camp, with a view to his fitness for the office,
should be appointed to perform the duties of Provost-
sergeant for each Provost-prison; unless the strength of
the garrison is under two companies. In the latter case
the cells, whatever the number of them may be, are to
be placed under charge of the Non-commissioned Officer
commanding the Guard. The Provost-sergeant should
be allowed such a number of Sergeants or Corporals
under him as assistants, as may be deemed necessary, and
a private soldier as cook.
He should be specially employed under the Officer com-
manding the garrison (or regiment, if the cells are appro-
priated exclusively to a particular regiment) , in taking charge
of the cells, and is to be held responsible for the safe custody
of the prisoners, and for carrying into effect their sentences
according to the rules laid down for that purpose.
It should be also a part of the duty of the Provost-ser-
geant to perform the police duties of the Barracks, or camp,
or of that part of the garrison in or near which the Provost-
prison may be situated. He should frequently visit the
canteens in the neighbourhood, and interfere to prevent
drunkermess or riot ; using his authority to repress all irreg-
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
ularity ; and to clear the quarters of any loose or dis-
orderly characters. In the course of these duties he should,
at all times, be extremely careful to avoid any personal
collision with soldiers. He should be allowed such assist-
ance in making his rounds as may be deemed necessary by
the Officer commanding the garrison or camp.
He should, without reference to other authority, receive
into his charge, to the extent of the accommodation, as
well as release prisoners, on requisitions in the prescribed
form, signed by Commanding Officers of corps ; who should
ascertain at the brigade or other staff office, what number
of unoccupied cells are disposable, before requiring the
Provost-sergeant to take their prisoners in charge.
i
SECTION III.
Orderly Duties.
Each Regiment should daily detail a Captain, Subaltern,
Sergeant, and Corporal of the day, besides Non-commis-
sioned Officers for Canteen, Gate duty, &c. Each Com-
pany an Orderly Sergeant and Orderly Corporal weekly,
and Orderly men daily,
CAPTAIN OF THE DAY.
The duties of the Captain of the day commence at
reveille and last for twenty-four hours or until he is
relieved.
He should be held so strictly responsible for the clean-
liness and regularity of the barracks or camp and answer-
able for the manner in which all parts of the daily duties are
executed by every individual, that he must ascertain that
the duties reported have been actually performed, which
he can only be enabled to do satisfactorily by attend-
ing in person, and seeing that those concerned are really
Tf
ORDERLY DUTIES.
99
engaged in the execution of the duty required of them.
He should be assisted in the performance of his duties by
the Subaltern of the day, who will be under his orders.
He should be present at the issue of the rations to the
Regiment, and see that the bread and meat are of the
proper weight and quality, and in all respects according
to contract. If the Officers of the day consider the rations
inferior, they immediately report to the Commanding
Officer. He visits such portions of the quarters as he
may think fit (directing the Subaltern of the day to take
the remainder) at the breakfast and dinner hours, and
ascertains if the men are all present, if there are any
complaints, and that the quarters are clean.
He visits and turns out the Guard by day, sees the
prisoners, enquires if they have any complaints to make,
and ascertains that the Guard room is clean and everything
regular, and the sentries acquainted with their orders; also
visits the Hospital, observes the state of the wards, the
regularity of the messing, and the cleanliness of the men.
Should anything extraordinary have occurred during
the period of the Captain's duty, he should personally
report the same to the Commanding Officer, exclusive of
making the necessary allusion to it in his written report.
He makes a report, as per Form 19, to the Commanding
Officer the following morning, stating that he has per-
formed his several duties, with any remarks he may think
necessary, and encloses the report of the Subaltern of the
day with it.
Should there not be sufficient Officers present with a
corps, to furnish both a Captain and a Subaltern of the
day, one Officer may be detailed for both duties.
SUBALTERN OF THE DAY.
The Subaltern of the day comes on duty at reveille an d
assists the Captain of the day in his various duties, re-
porting himself in person to receive his orders.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
He is present at the issue of the rations to the Regi-
ment, and ascertains that they are in all respects equal to
the requirements of the contract, and that they are of
proper weight. He then attends at the issue of the rations
to the messes by the Quarter-master. .
He visits the barracks or such portions of them as may
be directed by the Captain of the day, at meal hours,
ascertains that the men are all present, that the messes
are regular, and that the men have no complaints to
make concerning them. If any complaint is made of any
mess, he will, after making every enquiry himself, report
the matter to the Captain of the day, with as little de-
lay as possible. That the quarters are clean and the
beds neatly folded ; that the clothing, necessaries, arms
and accoutrements are arranged according to order, that
plenty of fresh air is admitted, and the men properly
dressed and all reported present. If any men should be
absent, a written report containing the names of the
absentees will be given him by the Orderly Sergeant, and
he will enter their names in his own report.
He is present at Guard-mounting, and in the absence of
the Adjutant it will be his duty to inspect the Guard, unless
some other Officer has been appointed in his place. He
visits the Guard, once by day and once by night, at such
hours as may be directed by the Captain of the day. He
inspects the men under arms, ascertaining that all are
present, sober, and alert ; visits the Guard room and
prisoners, and sees that everything is correct and regular,.
enquires if the prisoners have any complaints, and sees
that the sentries are acquainted with and understand the
orders of their posts. If a sentry should be unacquainted
^^..MdXh or misunderstand his orders, he will see that he is
/ T^p/<^j>ddy instructed at once, and find out whether the
».? ignor^lice of the sentry was the result of neglect of duty
9 on tli^j part of the Corporal who posted him. While
S^^
ORDERLY DUTIES.
lOI
visiting the sentries he should be accompanied by the
Corporal of the guard. He sees that the meals for the
men on guard are carried to the Guard by their comrades
or the orderly men of room who will be paraded with
the mess tins containing the meals in their hands, by the
Regimental Orderly Ser;oant, for tho inspection of the
Orderly Officer, five minutes befor j the meal hour of the
Regiment. It is his duty to nspect the old Guard after
it is relieved, to examine the arms, and if loaded, have
the cartridges drawn under his own superintendence.
Should there be a senior Officer present on the parade,
he reports the old Guard, and obtains permission to
dismiss it.
He visits the Hospital, Cells, Cookhouses and Canteen ;
also the Library, School, and Tailor's and Shoemaker's
shops, if any, and sees that everywhere there is cleanliness,
order, regularity, and strict observance of the Command-
ing Officer's orders. He ascertains if the sick in hospital,
or the prisoners in the cells have any complaint to make
and sees thatthe wards areclean, and the messing regular.
At the canteen, he should see the Non-commissioned
Officer on duty, ascertain if any complaints have been
made to him, and receive his report as to the good order
of all in his charge. At the cookhouses he should inspect
the coppers or kettles, while the meals are being cooked,
and afterwards see that they are thoroughly cleaned when
the meals have been removed.
At retreat he inspects the Picquet and sees that the men
are all present and sober. At tatteo collects the reports,
inspects the picquet, and sees that the canteen is cleared.
At lights out, he ascertains that the lights and fires in
•every room occupied by the Non-commissioned Officers,
privates and married people, with the exception of the
Sergeants' Mess, in which gas may be burnt half an hour
later, have been extinguished.
102
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
He will send in to the Captain of the day, before
9, a.m., the following day, a written report (Form 20), of
the performance of all ordinary duties. If it be necessary
to report anything extraordinary, the report should be
made verbally and at once.
If any portion of an Orderly Officer's duty should be
omitted it should be distinctly so stated in the body of the
report. When the omission has been unavoidable, no
more need be said. If otherwise, the report should be
accompanied by a written explanation, to be laid before
the Commanding Officer by the Captain of the day.
If an Orderly Officer should be relieved before the
expiration of his tour of duty, on account of illness or any
other cause, he should make over his duties regularly to
the Officer who relieves him ; and it is the duty of the
relieving Officer to report that he has received over every*
thing regularly.
Orderly Officers should not leave barracks, camp, or
cantonment. Should they be stationed out of barracks
they must confine themselves to their quarters when not
actually out on duty. They should remain in uniform,
and attend all parades and drills with their Companies,
unless specially ordered.
REGIMENTAL ORDERLY SERGEANT.
The Regimental Orderly Sergeant is appointed daily,
for the purpose of superintending the good order of the
barracks or camp, and his term of duty lasts from
reveille to reveille.
He parades the Orderly Sergeants of companies half an
houi after reveille, and receives their reports ; ascertains
from them that the men are all present, that nothing
extraordinary has occurred, or smoking been allowed
during the night, and what men are going sick.
One hour after reveille, he will go round and see that
the rooms or tents are in proper order.
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ORDERLY DUTIES.
103
t '.]:
He parades the Orderly Corporals and men for rations,
and marches them to place of issue.
He parades the defaulters at the hours specified, collect-
ing the reports from the Orderly Sergeants, handing the
defaulters over to the Non-commissioned Officer detailed
to drill them, with a report of same (Form 21).
He parades the Non-commissioned Officers for gate and
canteen duty ; sees that the prisoners' necessaries are
sent to the guard room, and gets a list of men reported
absent.
He parades the Orderly men with the meals for the men
on guard and prisoners five minutes before the second
bugle for meals, for the inspection of the Orderly Officer.
He accompanies and assists the Orderly Officer in his
visits to the barrack rooms at his inspection of rations.
He parades the sick and sees them marched to Hospital.
He parades the Orderly Sergeants and evidences, so as to
be ready in time for the examination of prisoners by the
Commanding Officer.
He makes out a list of defaulters (Form 22), which he
hands to the Ncn-commissioned Officers on gate and
canteen duty.
He visits the cook-houses a quarter of an hour before
meal hours, to see that the meals are being prepared, and
parades the Orderly Corporals and men and marches them
to the cook-houses. Visits the cook-houses after tea, and
sees that they are all clean and the fires extinguished, then
locks them up and hands the keys over to the Sergeant of
the regimental guard.
He visits the canteen frequently, and reports any irregu-
larity. Visits the Non-commissioned Officers on gate
duty, and sees that the names of defaulters are on the
gate and canteen boards.
He makes out a list of passes for the Sergeant of the
guard, and delivers the passes to the Orderly Sergeants of
companies, and shows the orders to the Staff Officers.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
He parades the Picquet at retreat and tattoo for the
inspection of the Subaltern of the day.
He sees the lights out and dampers closed at the proper
time.
He attends at tattoo, and gets a list of men reported
absent, which he sends to the Subaltern of the day in
time for his report the following morning (Form 23).
He will not on any account leave the barracks during
his tour of duty. '
He should send in a written report (Form 24) to the
Sergeant-Major, stating that he has performed his various
duties.
REGIMENTAL ORDERLY CORPORAL.
The Regimental Orderly Corporal's tour of duty lasts
from reveille to reveille, and he assists the Regimental
Orderly Sergeant. He accompanies the Captain or
Subaltern ot the day, during their tour of duty. When
no Non-commissioned Officer is detailed to march the
sick to hospital he should do so.
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER DETAILED FOR THE SICK.
The Non-commissioned Officer detailed for the sick is
also warned daily, and takes his duty from reveille to
reveille ; attends the Regimental Orderly Sergeant, and
receives over from him all men reported sick, with their kits.
Marches the men to hospital, and remains there until the
Surgeon makes his morning visit. He hands the sick report
to the Surgeon, who will mark opposite their names how
the men are disposed of. He will then return to barracks,
and report to the Orderly Sergeants of Companies to which
the sick men belong, whether they have been admitted to
hospital or otherwise. This report will be handed to the
Sergeant-Major. He accompanies the Medical Officer, if
called upon, in his visits to those who may be reported sick
in quarters. Again visits the hospital at such hour as
ORDERLY DUTIES.
105
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in
may be named by the Medical Officer, and marches all
men discharged from hospital into barracks, delivering
them over to the Orderly-Sergeants of Companies.
He will not, on any account, leave barracks, or camp
except in the performance of his duty.
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICER DETAILED FOR DEFAULTERS.
The Non-commissioned Officer detailed for drilling
defaulters will parade and drill them at the hours fixed
for such drill, or employ them on any fatigue if so ordered,
taking his instructions from the Regimental Orderly Ser-
geant. His tour of duty should last for one week.
:'
NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS ON GATE DUTY.
Two Non-commissioned Officers should be detailed
daily for barrack gate duty, who should be responsible
that no Non-commissioned Officer or soldier passes out
of the barrack gate, unless dressed strictly according to
regimental order, and that no one enters the barracks ex-
cept those duly authorized. Men coming into barracks
drunk, whether by day or night, should at once be con-
fined. Men proceeding out of barracks on fatigue should
be passed out or marched by a Non-commissioned Officer.
No bundles are to be taken out of barracks, except passed by
a Non-commissioned Officer. The Non-commissioned Offi-
cers at the gate should attend to such local orders as may
be given them, and relieve each other every two hours, re-
porting to the Sergeant-Major at tattoo.
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NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS ON CANTEEN DUTY.
Two Non-commissioned Officers should be detailed
daily for Canteen duty, who will relieve each other every
two hours, the duty to commence on the opening of the
canteen in the morning, and continue until tattoo. They
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL,
should be responsible that no soldier enters the canteen,
before morning parade or guard mounting, or any other
hour that may be ordered from time to time; that no
defaulter is permitted in the canteen, and no man-
having the appearance of being in liquor is allowed to re-
main there, and attend to such other local orders as may-
be given them. Should any riot or disturbance take place
in the canteen, the Non-commissioned Officer in charge
should send to the guard and have the offenders confined.
They parade at tattoo and report to the Sergeant-Major
next morning, (Form 25).
COOK-HOUSE ORDERLY.
Where there is no Sergeant-Cook, and the number of
Non-commissioned Officers admits of it, a Non-commis-
sioned Officer should be detailed daily to superintend the
cooking of the men's meals ; he should begin his duty at
such an hour as may be necessary to light the fires. He
should be held strictly responsible that no part of the
provisions are made away with, that no person whatever
enters the cook-house, except those on duty. At the first
sound of the bugle for breakfast or dinner, the orderly
men should receive the rations ; and, after dinner, the
Cook-house Orderly should see that the cook-houses, cop-
pers, and cooking utensils are thoroughly cleaned, and
then lock up the cook-houses, and hand the key to the
Regimental Orderly Sergeant.
ORDERLIES.
When a General Officer visits a Regiment, a Sergeant
should be detailed as his Orderly.
A private should be detailed as Orderly to the Com-
manding Officer, and another as Orderly Room Orderly.
These should be selected daily from the cleanest men
parading for guard.
H(
ORDERLY DUTIES.
107
COMPANY ORDERLY SERGEANT.
The Orderly Sergeant's term of duty should last for one
week, beginning on Mondays. The duty is taken by the
Sergeants in rotation.
He calls the roll at reveille, also at the quarter bugle for
meals, and the first post for tattoo. Should any man be
absent, he makes out a report (Form 26), and gives
it to the Orderly Officer when he visits the Barrack rooms.
Whenever a man is absent without leave for twenty-
four hours, his kit should be immediately inspected by
the Orderly Sergeant and Orderly Corporal of the Com-
pany, and a list of deficiencies sent to the Colour Sergeant
On calling the roll of his Company at reveille in the
different rooms, he should take down the names of all
reporting themselves sick, and make out a report, (Form
6) and another for those too ill to attend hospital. He is
responsible that men going to hospital take their kits with
them. He should, therefore, make out a list of necessa is
for each man, sign the same, and deliver it, together with
the sick reports, to the Regimental Orderly Sergeant. If
a man going sick is too ill to carry his kit, he should warn
another to carry it for him. He sees the arms and ac-
coutrements of all men going sick handed over to the
Pay Sergeant. Nothing should prevent a man in case of
sudden illness being taken at once to hospital, either by
night or day. In these cases the sick report and the man's
kit will be attended to after his admission into hospital.
He answers to the Regimental Orderly Sergeant half-an-
hour after reveille, that the men are all present or otherwise-
He should parade the defaulters of his company, and
attend when the Sergeant of the Guard calls the roll for
the first time in the morning, and account for any of his
defaulters who may be absent. He does the same the
first time they are called after guard mounting.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
He makes out the parade state, which he should have
signed by the Captain of his company. As many of the
returns sent from the Orderly room depend upon the
accuracy of the parade states, it is of the utmost import-
ance that they should be carefully made out.
All passes and daily reports should be sent to the
Orderly room by 9 o'clock in the morning.
He attends at the Orderly room at 9 a.m., or office hour,
lias the evidences warned, and if he has prisoners, should
see that they are clean.
He makes out the crimes (Form 27) of all men confined,
and shows them to the Pay Sergeant before they are
■brought to the Captain for signature. In the event of
any other person than himself confining a man of his
Company, he should receive from that individual, either
verbally or in writing, a statement of the offence, with
the names of the evidences. On prisoners of his Com-
pany being brought before the Captain or Commanding
Officer, he should attend, whether he is evidence or
not, and is responsible that all evidences against any man
confined are warned that they are such.
He parades the Company and calls the roll at all
parades, also parades all parties for duty.
He parades and inspects the men for guard, and marches
them to the general guard mounting parade, remaining
till dismissed.
When guards are mounted beyond the precincts of the
barracks, he sees that the men's meals are ready to be
sent off at the proper time, which should always be by
the second bugle sounding. A private may be sent with
these meals unaccompanied by a Non-commissioned
Officer, unless he happen to be a defaulter, but the
man should invariably report his return to the Company
orderly.
He attends the Orderly room at the hour appointed for
( H
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ORDERLY DUTIES.
109
issuing regimental orders and the detail of his Company
for the following day, after which he should lose no time
in warning personally all men for duty. When warning
men for duty it should never be done in a familiar
manner, nor should any freedom either in conversation or
behaviour be allowed. Any man not in barracks at the
time should be warned at tattoo, or if on pass, at reveille
next morning. If he has any men for guard he should
also be careful to warn a waiting man, who parades with
the guard, and remains in barracks to be ready to take,
the place of any man on guard who may be taken sick.
He reads to the Company all orders of a public nature
received from the Orderly room. The Company order
book should be taken by him to the morning parade, that
the orders of the preceding day may be read out by the;
Officer commanding the comnany.
He is responsible that the servants, and other casualties
of his Company, are made acquainted with such orders as
concern them, and attend all parades required of them..
He calls upon the Pay Sergeant at an appointed hour for
all documents requiring the Captain's signature. On his,
visit to the Captain for this purpose, he should report to
him anything concerning the Company which may have-
occurred during the day. When the Officer in command
of a Company is quartered out of barracks, there should
be a Corporal warned on fatigue for the day, to take all
crimes and passes to him for signature ; but this Non-
commissioned Officer should not be called upon to perform
any part of the Orderly Sergeant's duties within the bar-
racks. He should submit to the Pay Sergeant the names;
of all men either admitted to or discharged from hospital
or confinement, also every circumstance affecting the pay
or rations of the men of the Company, and should assist
the Pay Sergeant when exchanging or drawing barrack,
bedding or utensils from the barrack stores.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
He attends the tattoo parade, and reports to the Sergeant
Major (Form 26) the men absent from evening roll call.
He sees that lights are out and stove dampers closed at
the proper hour.
In all his duties he should be assisted by the Orderly
Corporal.
He should not on any account leave the quarters during
his tour of duty, unless by permission of the Captain of
his company. In such case, he should make the Sergeant
Major and Pay Sergeant acquainted with the fact, and
with the name of the Non-commissioned Officer who will
answer for him in his absence.
Sergeants and Corporals holding permanent situations
should be exempt from taking the duties of Company
Orderlies.
On all occasions of the bugle sounding for Company
Orderlies, he should immediately repair to the regimental
parade ground, and the orders he may receive there
should be immediately communicated to all concerned.
He alone should be responsible for the correct keeping
of the Company duty roster, and consequently no other
man should be allowed to make any entries in it. At the
close of his term of duty he should take the duty roster to
the Colour Sergeant, by whom it will be checked and made
over to the next Sergeant for duty. It should frequently
be inspected by the Captain, who is responsible for its
accuracy. As there is no necessity for every Orderly
Sergeant having a clear roster when he commences his
duties, but at the same time it being desirable to prevent
disputes, the Sergeant who happens to be Orderly on the
morning of the last day of each month should be the one
to make out the new duty roster of his Company, the same
to be taken into use on the day following.
He should be provided with a small detail book, of
which a fresh page should be used every day, in which
ORDERLY DUTIES.
Ill
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are entered the names of all Non-commissioned Officers
and men for any duty, and the duty which they are for.
COMPANY ORDERLY CORPORAL.
The Orderly Corporal should assist the Orderly Sergeant
and is to be present as a witness when the duties are
warned or rolls called. His term of duty lasts one week,
beginning on Monday.
He parades the sick in the morning with their kits,
necessaries, &c., and hands them over to the Regimental
Orderly Sergeant.
When no contracts for delivery have been made he
receives daily from the Pay Sergeant the mess money,
and parades the market party, consisting of the orderly
men of rooms, with the cook and assistant cook, to be
marched oft by the Regimental Orderly Sergeant for the
purchase of groceries, vegetables, &c., for his company.
The mess book should be signed daily by the Captain of
the Company and the Mess Corporal.
He parades the defaulters and orderly men with pris-
oners' and guards' meals, answering to the Regimental
Orderly Sergeant whether they are present or not, also
sees that the prisoners' cleaning necessaries are sent them
with the orderly men.
He shows the orders to the Officers of his Company.
He attends upon the Pay Sergeant for the ration return
(Form 28) at the hour appointed for the issuing of the
rations, and makes himself acquainted with the quantity
and quality of the issue of bread and beef. Should he
be dissatisfied with either, he should respectfully bring
it to the notice of the Orderly Officer, but this must be
done before removal from the place of issue.
He receives over from the Quarter Master the Com-
pany's allowance of wood on issuing days, and divides
the same to the different rooms. He should also
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
attend at the Quarter Master's stoie on the day appointed^
and draw the weekly allowance of oil or lights for his
Company.
He attends all parades of his company, and does not
leave the barracks except in the performance of his duty^
being at all times properly dressed.
COMPANY COOKS.
There should be a Cook and Assistant Cook for each
company. The former may be changed only at long in-
tervals, or for misconduct; the latter weekly, or oftener if
necessary.
The Cook should be held responsible that the meals ar&
ready to be removed from the cook-house by the first
bugle sounding. Care should betaken by him not to have-
them ready too soon ; this is a fault as great as the meals
being too late. He should be particular in having the
kettles cleaned thoroughly, both before and after the cook-
ing of each meal. When a sufficient number of kettles
can be had, one should be set apart for soups or stewsr
another for tea and coffee, and another for potatoes. He
should pay the utmost attention to the cleanliness of the
cook-house, and to his manner of cooking the rations.
He should accompany the Orderly Corporal of the
Company at his purchase of groceries for the Company's-
messing, and is responsible, as well as the Corporal, for
the proper expending of the mess money, and the articles
furnished being of good quality.
The barrack utensils, as enumerated on the board of
inventory in the cook-house, should be under his special
charge, and on the completion of his term of duty, should
there be any deficiencies or damages, a memorandum of
the same should be given by the Orderly Sergeant to the
Pay Sergeant, so that at the barrack inspection the charges,
may be made against the proper individual
If^
ORDERLY DL'TIES.
113
The refuse of meat, &c., should be sold under contract
made by the Commanding Officer, the proceeds being
divided among the companies, and carried to the credit oi
messing.
The Assistant Cook should assist the Cook to wash
the potatoes, clean and cut up vegetables, carry in
water, empty slops, and assist in cutting wood for cooking
purposes. He should be in charge of the cook-house when
the Cook may be at any time temporarily absent.
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ORDERLY MEN OF ROOMS OR TENTS.
There should be one or two (according to the number
of the men) Orderly Men to each room or tent, their
duties continuing from reveille to reveille.
Except for parade purposes, they should not leave the
barracks or camp the day they are on duty. They should
be held responsible for the general cleanliness of that
part of the barrack room common to all, or of their tent,
also the cleanliness and completeness of the furniture and
utensils, reporting all deficiencies and damages to the
Non-commissioned Officer in charge, within one hour
after they come on duty. They carry out all slops, remove
sweepings, and keep the quarters at all times well supplied
with fresh water. They light the fires, and remove the
urine tub to the place appointed for it, and partly fill it
with water, within one hour after reveille sounding. They
prepare the tables for the different meals, attend the cook-
house at the warning bugle, and receive from the Com-
pany's Cook the rations for tne men of the room. They
divide the meals into single messes, and have everything
ready for their comrades to take their seats by the time
the second bugle sounds. They are responsible that the
meals of the men on guard are ready to be handed over to
those appointed to carry them by the second bugle sound-
After meals they wash the dishes or mess tins, and
8
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114
Canadian militia manual.
put them away in proper order. They attend at the place
appointed for the issue of rations, and should consider it
their duty, if they think them not of proper quality, to
bring the same respectfully to the notice of the Orderly
Officer, through the Orderly Corporal. They convey
back the urine tubs to the barrack room by retreat sound-
ing. They are responsible that the damper of the stove
(in winter time) is shut at lights out, and at all times
during the day should have a watchful eye towards the
stove, to prevent accidents by fire. They attend upon the
Orderly Corporal for the allowance of light for the room,
and also assist in dividing the company's allowance of
wood by rooms. Orderly men of rooms should be avail-
able for all general parades and drills, except during the
season when fuel is used, when one man should always be
left to guard against accidents by fire.
■ri
PART ill.
DISCIPLINE.
Discipline means obedience to orders, which is the first
principle and duty of all soldiers. The best disciplined
soldier is he who most implicitly obeys, not only in the
letter, but in the spirit, all orders which he may receive.
Without discipline there can be no real bond of confidence
between Ofl&cers and men, or even between men them-
selves, and without it no great results can ever be attained.
Life in a highly disciplined corps is always more pleasant
than in one where order and regularity are not strictly
maintained. '
Respectful obedience is the only true basis upon which
sound discipline can rest. It must not hare its origin in
fear or dread of punishment, but should be rendered from
the conviction that the orders emanate from a superior
not only in rank but in knowledge.
Officers and men of the Militia when called out for
actual service, the annual drill, or for any parade or drill,
or when in uniform, are subject to the " Army Discipline
and Regulations Act," and all other laws applicable to
Her Majesty's troops in Canada as are not inconsistent
with the Militia Act.
SECTION I.
Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry, and
Boards.
The regulations for the composition of Militia Courts
Martial, Courts of Inquiry and Boards, with the modes
of procedure and powers thereof, are the same as
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
the regulations which may at the time be in force for
Her Majesty's regular army, and which are not incon-
sistent with the Militia Act.
No Officer or man of the Militia can be sentenced to
death by any Court Martial, except for mutiny, desertion
to the enemy, or traitorously giving up a garrison, fortress,
post or guard, or traitorous correspondence with the enemy ;
and no sentence of any General Court Martial can be car-
ried into effect until approved of by Her Majesty.
Among the offences expressly laid down as liable to trial
by Court Martial in the Militia are the following : —
1 . Being absent without leave for more than seven days,
when called out for actual service.
2. Refusing or neglecting to parade when properly
warned for actual service.
3. Claiming pay for drills not performed.
Claiming pay for men not enrolled and attested.
Claiming pay for drill performed in other corps.
Signing false pay sheets or returns.
Retaining pay belonging to others.
4.
5-
6.
7-
COURTS MARTIAL.
By the Army Discipline and Regulation Acts of 1879,
the degrees of Court Martial are classed thus :
1. General.
2. District.
3. Field General.
4. Regimental.
A General Court Martial can only be convened by Her
Majesty, or by an Officer deriving authority to do so from
Her Majesty ; it should not consist of less than nine
Officers, unless, in the opinion of the convening Officer,
that number is not available, when it may consist of not
less than five Officers. Each of the members should have
held a commission during the three years preceding the
! 1 1-;
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COURTS MARTIAL, ETC.
11-7
day of assembly of the Court Martial, and for the trial of
a Field Officer none of the members should be below the
rank of Captain. It has power to sentence to death,
penal servitude, corporal punishment, dismissal, discharge
with ignominy, or imprisonment, &c.
A District Court Martial can only be convened by an
Officer authorized to convene General Courts Martial, or
by an Officer deriving authority to do so from him. It
should not consist of less than seven Officers, except
where impracticable to obtain that number, when it may
be reduced to five, or even to three. It has not power to
try an Officer, nor award the punishment of death or penal
servitude, its limit being imprisonment with or without
hard labour for a period not exceeding two years.
A Field General Court Martial is for the trial of offenders
against the property or person of inhabitants or residents
of a country beyond the seas, which cannot practicably be
tried by an ordinary General Court Martial, and may be
convened by the Officer in command of the detachment
or portion of troops to which the offender belongs, although
he may not be autnorized to convene any other kind of
Court Martial.
It should consist of not less than three members, and
the convening Officer may preside if he cannot obtain
another, but he should not be under the rank of Captain.
Its powers are those of a General Court Martial.
A Regimental Court Martial may be convened by any
Officer authorized to convene General or District Courts
Martial, or any Commanding Officer not below the rank
of Captain, or, on board a ship not commissioned by Her
Majesty, a Commanding Officer of any rank. It should
consist of five but lot less than three Officers, the President
not being under the rank of Captain, if possible.
It cannot try an Officer, nor award death, penal
servitude, or. discharge with ignominy, its limits being
forty-two !^?'/s' imprisonment.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
COURTS OF INQUIRY AND BOARDS.
A Court of Inquiry may be assembled by any Officer
in command, to assist him in arriving at a correct conclu-
sion on any subject on which it may be expedient for him
to be thoroughly informed. With this object in view,
such Court may be directed to investigate and report
upon any matters that may be brought before it ; but it
has no power (except when convened to record the illegal
absence of soldiers, as provided for in the Discipline Act)
to administer an oath, nor to compel the attendance of
witnesses not military.
A Court of Inquiry is not to be considered in any light
as a judicial body. It may be employed, at the discretion
of the convening Officer, to collect and record information
only ; or it may be required to give an opinion also on
any proposed question, or as to the origin or cause of
certain existing facts or circumstances. Specific instruc-
tions on these points are, however, always to be given to
the Court. The proceedings are to be recorded in writing,
as far as practicable in the form prescribed for Courts
Martial, signed by each member, and forwarded to the
convening authority by the President. The foregoing
applies equally to a Board of Officers assembled by a
Commanding Officer.
A Court of Inquiry or Board of Officers may consist of
any number of members, but the composition of such
Courts or Boards must be regulated, at the discretion of
the convening Officer, by the circumstances under which
they are assembled. Three members, the senior acting
as president, will in ordinary cases be found sufficient.
Medical Officers are exempted fron serving as members
of Courts of Inquiry or BoLrds, except medical boards.
Should a medical opinion be required by a military board,
reference is to be made to the medical Officer detailed to
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COURTS MARTIAL, ETC.
119
attend it, who will furnish his report in writing, or give
evidence in person if considered necessary.
Courts of Inquiry, as a general rule, sit with closed doors,
but they may be either open or closed according to the
nature of the investigation, or as may be directed by the
convening Officer. The accused party should be present
and may either answer or refuse to answer any question
put to him, or may avail himself of the opportunity to
explain any particular act, or any part of his conduct on
which an imputation prejudicial to him may have arisen.
He cannot claim permission to ask any question, to pro-
duce any testimony nor has he any right to insist on the
attendance of counsel. It is not usual to permit the pres-
ence of a professional adviser before Courts of Inquiry.
The rank of the Officers comprising the Court should
be equal or superior to that of the Officer whose conduct
or character may be implicated in the investigation.
If the members cannot agree on an opinion collectively,
any dissenting member should state in writing the nature
and extent oi the difference, or give his opinion in writing
to the President for transmission with the proceedings.
CIVIL COURTS.
The undernamed offences are punishable by Civil Courts :
1. Failing to keep Arms, &c., in order.
2. Refusing to deliver up Arms, &c.
3. Unlawfully disposing of Arms, &c.
4. Refusing to attend Drill.
5. Disobeying Orders.
6. Disorderly behaviour.
7. Refusing to aid the Civil power when lawfully
called upon.
8. Personating another on Parade.
9. Refusing to give information, or giving false,inlbrjna-
tion. /t-^^/c
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
SECTION II.
Powp:rs of A Commanding Officer.
A Commanding Officer cannot award summarily more
than seven days' imprisonment, with or without hard
labour, except in case of absence without leave, when he
may award twenty-one days as a maximum ; but if the
award is for more than seven days, it must not exceed the
number which the offender was absent. He may order
deductions of pay for absence without leave, loss or
damage to equipment, &c., and fines for drunkenness; in
the case of absence without leave, deductions to the
amount of all the offender's ordinary pay may be made,
except one penny per day, and the fine for drunken-
ness cannot exceed ten shillings sterling in addition to
imprisonment.
He may award confinement to barracks for any
period not exceeding twenty-eight days, which carries
with it punishment drill to the extent of fourteen days,
the taking of all duties in regular turn, attending parades,
and being further liable to be employed in duties of
fatigue.
Extra Guards or Picquets may also be ordered, but
only for minor offences or irregularities when on or
parading for these duties.
SECTION III.
Crime.
A Commanding Officer cannot pay too much attention
to the prevention of crime, but he should bear in mind
that the positive absence of crime, and not its screened
existence, is the criterion of a well-established discipline.
In all first offences, not of an aggravated character, mild
TTB
CRIME.
121
reproof and admonition should be tried, and punishment
not resorted to until a repetition of the offence shall have
shown that the milder treatment has not been productive
of the desired effect.
Commanding Officers should use their utmost vigilance
to prevent the Officers, Non-commissioned Officers and
men publishing information relative to the numbers,
movements, or operations of troops, or any military de-
tails ; nor should they permit any letters of complaint to
be published, or memorials or requisitions to be made
without their consent ; any Officer or soldier should be
held personally responsible for reports of this kind which
he may make without special permission, or for placing
the information beyond his control, so that it finds its way
into unauthorized hands. Officers and soldiers should be
forbidden to give publicity to their individual opinions, in
any manner tending to prejudge questions that may at the
time be undergoing official investigation by the authorities.
No assemblage of Officers, Non-commissioned Officers,
or men should ever take place for the purpose of deliber-
ating on any military matter without the consent of the
Commanding Officer.
Neither Officers nor men should be permitted to take
part in any political, religious, or party demonstration.
Commanding Officers may, at their option, delegate to
Officers commanding companies the power of awarding
punishments to soldiers for minor offences, not exceeding
seven days' confinement to barracks or camp ; such pun-
ishments in all instances to be brought under the notice of
the Commanding Officer, and approved of by him.
Officers should avoid reproving Non-commissioned Offi-
cers for any irregularity, neglect of duty, or awkwardness,
in the presence or hearing of the privates, lest they should
weaken their authority and lessen their self-respect —
unless it be necessary for the benefit of example that the
reproof be public.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
An Officer under close arrest should not be allowed to
leave his quarters, If he be in arrest at large he may be
permitted by superior authority to take exercise within
defined limits, viz.; not beyond the barracks, or if in
camp, not beyond the quarter guard, and then only at
stated periods ; but he should not be allowed to dine at
his own or any other mess, nor to appear at any place of
amusement or public resort, and on no pretext to quit his
room or tent dressed otherwise than in uniform, without
his sash, pouch belt, or sword.
Non-commissioned Officers should not be subjected to
minor punishments; when it is necessary to confine them
for any offence, they should be placed under arrest, and
not sent as prisoners to the guard-room, except in extreme
cases, when it is necessary to ensure their safe custody;
nor should they be allowed by resigning to escape trial by
Court Martial, except by the special sanction of the General
Officer commanding.
Soldiers committing minor otfences, such as absence
from tattoo and other roll-calls, overstaying a pass, or
slight irregularities in quarters, should not be lodged in
the guard room before their cases are disposed of by the
Commanding Officer. If returning sober after tattoo,
they may be allowed to proceed to their rooms, but their
names and the exact hour of their return to quarters
should be noted in the Guard or Orderly Officer's report
and a report made to the Officer commanding their com-
pany. They should not, however, be allowed out of the
quarters until their cases have been disposed of, and should
attend all parades, but not be detailed for any duty.
If a soldier refuse to obey an order distinctly given, or
resist the authority of a Non-commissioned Officer, he
should be confined without altercation, and immediately
reported to the Officer commanding his company or to
the Adjutant, When a Non-commissioned Officer has
CRIME.
123
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diately
or to
jr has
occasion to confine a soldier for any offence, he should
invariably obtain the assistance of one or more privates ta
conduct the offender to the guard-room, and should him-
self avoid in any way coming in contact with him— except
under unavoidable circumstances.
There is no case in which Ofl&cers should be more par-
ticular than in their treatment of men when under the
influence of liquor, and they should also be most particular
with their Non-commissioned Officers on the same point.
Men observed in a state of drunkenness should be imme-
diately confined.
Soldiers in a state of drunkenness should, if possible,
be confined alone, in the prisoners' room or cells,
until sober — not in the guard-room, where they may be
often provoked to acts of violence and insubordination ;
they should be visited at least every two hours by a Non-
commissioned Officer of the guard and an escort, in order
that their condition may be ascertained. Should any
symptoms of serious illness be observed, a medical officer
is forthwith to be sent for. Soldiers suspected of being
drunk should not be put through any drill exercise, or
otherwise tested, for the purpose of ascertaining their
condition.
In cases of drunkenness the offender should be released
by the Commanding Officer only.
When a soldier, either before the investigation of an
offence, or whilst undergoing punishment, has been de-
prived of his arms, they should not be restored to him
without an order from the Captain of his company, or
other superior Officer.
No Non-commissioned Officer or soldier who has been
placed in arrest or confinement should be permitted to
perform any duty (except carrying his own arms and
accoutrements in marching) until his case is disposed of.
If, however, by error, such an offender has been permitted
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
to perform any duty, he should not thereby be absolved
from liability to punishment for his offence, but may, if
the proper authority shall think fit, be-summarily punished,
or be brought to trial before a Court Martial, according to
the circumstances of the case.
-• Defaulters should not be required to undergo any por-
tion of their punishment which may have lapsed by reason
of their being in hospital or employed on duty.
All gambling in quarters shoul'd be strictly forbidden.
Non-commissioned Officers have authority to confine a
soldier in the Guard room for an offence, but an immediate
report should be made by them to the Officer commanding
his company ; they have no power or authority to order
any punishment whatever.
Should the nature of the crime be such as to allow the
Captain to deal with it, he will write the punishment
awarded on the Crime report (Form 27), which should
then be given to th " Commander of the Guard, in order
that he may enter both crime and punishment in the
Guard report.
In case the Captain does not award punishment himself,
the report should at once be sent to the Commander of
the Guard as his authority for detciining the prisoner ; but
the absence of a Crime report does not authorize Com-
manders of Guards refusing to receive prisoners nor to
release them without competent authority.
Notice of a man's being confined should also be reported
to the Orderly Sergeant of his company, either verbally
or in writing, without delay, stating the nature of the
crime, and the names of evidences in support of the
charge.
When a prisoner is brought bisfore the Commanding
Officer, the Officer commanding his company should
attend with the Defaulters sheet, being ready to speak
as to character ; the Pay and Orderly Sergeants of his
CRIME.
125
company should also be present, whether they are evidence
or not, to answer for his kit, &c.
The Adjutant should attend the investigation of all
crimes or complaints by the Commanding Officer.
All prisoners previous to being brought before the
Commanding Officer, should be taken to Hospital at
the morning visit of the Surgeon, who should certify their
state of health (Form 29). This report should be made
out by the Non-commissioned Officer in charge of the
Guard, who should also have the prisoners marched
to hospital under sufficient escort. The report should
be sent to the Orderly room, after the performance of the
duty.
The punishment awarded to men who have been con-
fined and are brought before the Commanding Officer
should be entered on the back of the copy of the Crime
in his own hand-writing ; also, entries should be made
by him in the Regimental Defaulter book. The reversion
of Colour-Sergeants to the rank of Sergeant, by award of
the Commanding Officer, or the deprivation of Lance-
Sergeants or Lance-Corporals of their acting rank, are
not circumstances of themselves to be recorded in the
Regimental Defaulter book, but should be entered in the
Company Defaulter book.
Prisoners should not be kept in confinement for a longer
period than forty-eight hours, without having their cases
disposed of, unless it be preparatory to bringing them
before a Court Martial.
Whenever a prisoner has been in the Guard room three
days, he should have two. hours walking exercise daily.
The greatest regularity and respectful demeanour
should be observed by Officers and others whilst the
Commanding Officer is administering justice in the
Orderly room.
When a Non-commissioned Officer is brought in a
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125
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
prisoner before the Commanding Officer, men of inferior
rank to him should withdraw.
Non-commissioned Officers should invariably take the
soldiers they may have to complain of before the Officer
of the company, and never on any account make a report
of a man behind his back ; nor should an Officer ever
award a punishment, however trifling, without having
inquired into the complaint. And although every exer-
tion should be used to enforce the greatest respect and
obedience to the Non-commissioned Officers, they should
not be encouraged in making frivolous complaints against
the men, which will sometimes occur from private pique
or dislike.
Colour or Pay Sergeants should, on the return of a
deserter, or man absent without leave, immediately pro-
ceed to the Guard room, and minutely inspect the clothing
he has in wear, and ascertain if any portion is regimental-
Also, when a man is confined for being drunk, his kit
should be inspected by the Pay Sergeant and Orderly
Sergeant of his company previous to his crime being
made out ; and in the event of any article being deficient,
the same should form part of the charge against him.
Guard room cells are for the temporary custody of
prisoners who should be kept alone. When a soldier is
confined for being drunk or riotous, he should be con-
veyed direct to the cells, the Non-commissioned Officer of
the Guard being called to receive him in charge. The
practice of sending a file of the Guard to take a prisoner
from his quarters to the Guard room, should not be
resorted to, except when there are no other men nearer at
hand available for the purpose. The cells should be
cleaned out by the prisoners every morning.
Great coats for prisoners should be sent at retreat, by the
Corporal of the squad to which the prisoner belongs, to
the Guard room, and removed after reveille the following
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CRIME.
127
iferior
morning. He should also have shaving and cleaning
materials sent as well as meals p.nd a change of clothes
in the morning, for a prisoner of his squad.
Prisoners should not be allowed to have their new
clothing in the Guard room, but only their oldest fatigue
dress, and but one suit at a time ; they should not be
allowed to have money or tobacco. Every care should be
taken that no one holds communication with them, except
on duty ; the men of the Guard and the sentries should
particularly be enjoined not to enter into conversation
with them, nor should anything be given to them, even
meals or clothes, except in the presence of a Non-commis-
:sioned Ofl&cer of the Guard.
A prisoner can only be released from the Guard room
by the Officer commanding his Company, or by the
Adjutant. The reason for the prisoner being released
should be sent to the Orderly Room, in writing, before
parade the next morning.
Whenever a soldier appears in a Civil Court, either as
a prosecutor or prisoner, an Officer of his company should
invariably attend during the proceedings.
Mil
SECTION IV.
Complaints.
If Officers, Non-commissioned Officers or men, whether
'On actual service or otherwise, have any complaint or
accusation to bring against a superior or other Officer,
such complaint should be forwarded through the com-
plainant's Commanding Officer, who should transmit the
same with his remarks through the Deputy- Adjutant-
General commanding the District, for consideration at
Headquarters, if necessary. They are not permitted to
.bring accusations against superior Officers or comrades
128
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
before the tribunal of public opinion, either by speeches or
letters inserted in any newspaper ; such a proceeding is a
glaring violation of the rules of military discipline, and
contempt of authority.
One of the fundamental and most necessary rules of
military discipline is to forbid anything bearing the appear-
ance of combination, to obtain redress of grievances,
among individuals composing a military force. If Officers
or men, whether on actual service or otherwise, have
any grievance, their complaint should be laid before their
Commanding Officer in respectful language, each indi-
vidual speaking for himself alone. Appeals for redress
by "round robins," or by means ot any document bearing
the signature of more than one complainant, are strictly
forbidden.
A Non-commissioned Officer or soldier having a com-
plaint should make it to the Officer in charge of his
Company. The proper course is for the soldier to apply
to the Colour Sergeant, who may either accompany the
man himself to his Officer, or direct the Orderly Sergeant
to do so. The same rule should be observed when there
is a favour to ask. This course does not prevent a soldier
from asking the privilege of speaking privately with the
Officer when brought before him.
It is the duty of all Officers when receiving complaints
for transmission for the consideration of superior authority,
to point out to the parties concerned any irregularity in
the means they employ in seeking redress, and to refuse
to forward any representations that may be subversive of,
or contrary to, the general rules by which all military
bodies are governed.
In hearing complaints or statements, etc., of Non-com-
missioned Officers or men, Officers should invariably
have another Officer present as a witness to all that
passes.
Complai
should not
allowed to
and men
Officer CO
unable to
Command
in the .;^.at
declares h
he may th
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COMPLAINTS.
129
Complaints, etc., of Non-commissioned Officers or men
should not, except in cases of unavoidable necessity, be
allowed to be put in writing ; Non-commissioned Officers
and men should make their statements verbally to the
Officer commanding their Company, who, should he be
unable to deal with the matter, will lay it before the
Commanding Officer; or, if a Captain declines to decide
in the .:-.atter of complaint brought before him, or a soldier
declares himself dissatisfied with the Officer's judgment,
he may then request his case to be brought before the
Commanding Officer. If still dissatisfied, he then has
recourse as above stated ; but his appeal must invariably
be forwarded through the Officer commanding his Com-
pany to the Commanding Officer, for transmission to any
higher authority.
A soldier having the slightest appearance of being
under the influence of liquor, or seeming excited or out
of temper, should never be taken before an Officer for
any purpose whatever.
A soldier who considers himself improperly warned for
duty may respectfully remark so to the Non-commissioned
Officer ; but if the latter still adheres to his warning, there
can be no further altercation ; the duty should be done,
and afterwards reported by the aggrieved party.
No application or complaint should ever be made to
the civil power in any regimental matter, except through
the Commanding Officer of the Regiment, or by his sanc-
tion.
SECTION V.
Defaulters.
A Non-commissioned Officer should, if hecan be spared,
be kept off duty for the week to take charge of and drill
all Defaulters; otherwise the Regimental Orderly Sergeant
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
or Corporal must do it. He should be held strictly re-
sponsible that they attend such drills as are ordered, that
they turn out clean and regular in every respect, and that
the drill is conducted as correctly as if under the Adjutant
or Sergeant-Major. The Non-commissioned Officers in
charge of the Defaulters should inspect the necessaries
of the Defaulters at every drill previous to dismissal, re-
porting all irregularities to the Sergeant Major.
He should admit no Defaulter into his squad, whose
name (as such) he has not received from the Regimental
Orderly Sergeant.
The Sergeant of the Guard should direct the Orderly
Bugler to sound for Defaulters at uncertain times, and on
a general average of once an hour,, between reveille and
tattoo. The first call should not be earlier than half an
hour after reveille, and the last at the warning bugle for
tattoo. Defaulters should not be called at a time when
they are supposed to be in their Barrack rooms, such as
about meal hours, etc.
On all occasions of Defaulters answering their names,
they should be clean and properly dressed in fatigue
■dress. Orderly men of rooms and Company cooks, if
confined to Barracks as a punishment, should be exempt
from answering their names at Defaulters' roll call, except
between retreat and tattoo.
When not on fatigue or parade they turn out for
punishment drill in " Marching Order." At other parades
they should be dressed the same as the rest of the men.
Men with disfigured faces or black eyes should be con-
fined to quarters till they are perfectly recovered.
Punishment drill, which consists of marching only,
and not of instruction drill, should not exceed one
hotir at a time, exclusive of the inspection of necessaries
before and after, nor more than four hours in th«; same day.
Part IV.— Dress
SECTION I.
Officers.
Officers must, by the Militia regulations, provide their
own uniforms, arms, and accoutrements, within three
months after the date of their appointment or promotion)
and in the case of mounted Officers, suitable saddlery for
their horses in addition. Medical Officers having the
relative rank of Field Officer are to provide themselves
with chargers and horse furniture, and to be mounted
when required to attend parade.
Commanding Officers of corps are strictly forbidden to
introduce or sanction any unauthorized embroidery,
or ornament, or the ?.ddition to or increase in the descrip-
tion or width of lace or ot'"^r deviation from the approved
patterns.
The rank of Officers in the Militia is indicated by the
lace and badges on their cuffs, collars, &c., &c., as laid
down in the " Dress Regulations."
All Regimental Badges and devices, and other peculiar
distinctions, which may have been granted under special
authority to different corps, are to be strictly preserved.
Officers in uniform, when in mouruing or attendii.^.
funerals, are to wear . p see of black crape round the Itft
arm above the elbow : no other sign of mourning is to be
worn at any time, unlei:: otherwise specially ordered.
Officers assumirs^ prf^minent positions at military
reviews, and upon all occasions of State or ceremony,
should appear in the full dress of their rank. They are
132
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
not to appear mounted unless entitled to do so by reason
of their rank or position.
Brevet Field Officers, doing duty with their corps as
Captains, are to wear uniforms according to their rank in
the Militia ; in the Infantry, however, such Officers will
not wear spurs on parade, except when doing duty as
Field Officers.
The following general rules are to be observe I as to
the manner and times of wearing certain articles of
uniform, viz : —
a. The Sash is to be worn diagonally over the left
shoulder and over the sword belt, with the tunic only.
b. The Pouch-belt is to be worn diagonally over the left
shoulder.
c. The Sword-belt will be worn as follows, viz. :— Over
the tunic by Officers of Infantry, under the tunic by
Officers of Rifle Regiments, and under all jackets.
d. When the Sword-belt is worn over the tunic, and the
sword is hooked up, the edge mus**- be turned to the rear,
and the back of the sword to the iront. Swords are to be
hooked up during parade, and at Levees and Drawing-
rooms, by Officers who wear the waist-belt over the tuni''.,
sword-knots to be twisted round the hilt. The sword-belt
is never worn without the sword.
e. When Officers dismounted draw their swords, the
scabbards are to be hooked up by Officers who wear the
waist-belt over the tunic, but carried in the left hanc': by
all other Officers.
/. The Sabretache is to be worn on mounted duties o'llv.
In the field the Sabretache may be worr. on the belt or
attached to the saddle, by monr^^^d Officers of Infantry
and Rifles.
g. Steel spurs, both fixed and with straps and buckles,
are to be worn with the Wellington and high-boot
respectively, by all mounted Officers, except those entitled
DRESS OF OFFICERS.
133
Jason
>s as
ik in
will
fty as
by
to wear brass scabbards, who will have brass spurs.
Dress spurs (of brass) are to be worn by all mounted
Officers — except Adjutants and Musketry-instructors of
Infantry and Officers of Rifle regiments —at Levees and in
evening dress.
h. Whenever spurs are worn with trousers, straps are
to be worn also.
. i. The sleeves of the tunic and jacket are not to be
of excessive width.
k. Watch-chains and trinkets are not to be worn outside
the uniform.
/. Shirt collars are on no account to be worn, either in
dress or undress, except when shell jackets are worn open.
m. The dress sash, trousers, and sword-belt are
appointed to be worn at Levees, Drawing-rooms, Balls, &c.,
but not on any parade unless especially ordered.
The following orders of dress for parade should be
observed by Officers : —
Review Order. — To be worn when the Sovereign or Her
representative is present, for Royal Escorts and Guards
of honour, at all State ceremonies, and otherwise when
specially ordered — Full dress ; horse-furniture for mounted
Officers, complete.
Marching Order. — To be worn on the line of march,
at route marching, in the field and on other occasions
when specially ordered — Same as in " Review Order " ;
horse-furniture for mounted Officers, without saddle-cloth
or shabraque.
Field-day Order. — Used generally for field-days, divisi*. lal
and brigade drills, and on other occasions when specially
ordered — Same as " Marching Order."
Drill Order. — To be used at ordinary drills — Undress
(patrol jacket) ; horse-furniture — Same as " Marching
Order."
Mess Order. — To be worn at mess on all ordinary occa-
iii
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134
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
sions when not on duty — Shell-jacket, waistcoat, and red-
stripe trousers. Officers who wear mess waistcoats open
in front should wear white collars and black neck-ties;
Mounted Officers to wear spurs, the Orderly Officers
v ' "le jacket hooked up (with pouch belt in Rifle
Re^ tits) and swords.
Divine Service Order. — Same as " Review Order."
Officers should appear in " Review Order " on Guards^
General and District Courts Martiil ; in " Drill Order" on
Regimental Courts Martial, Courts of Inquiry and Boards,
and Orderly duty.
Collar-chains to be carried by mounted Officers in all
orders of parade. On active service and when encamped ^
head-ropes should be carried.
SECTION II.
Non-commissioned Officers and Men.
Nothing has a more unmilitary appearance, or shows
more an utter want of attention to the first rules of mili-
tary service, than for Officers, Non-commissioned Officers,
or men, to smoke, when in uniform, in the streets or other
public places.
The only times at which smoking in uniform should be
permitted, is when marching at ease on the line of march ;
at field-days, when regiments break off for rest and refresh-
ment ; when on rifle ranges; or when travelling by trains,
steamers, etc.
The dress and appearance as well as the demeanour of
soldiers should on all occasions, and in all situations, be
such as to create a respect for the military service. Offi-
cers of all grades cannot too forcibly point out to those
under their command the great impropriety of appearing
in the streets or other public places partially dressed in
?
DRESS OF NON-COM'D OFFICERS AND MEN.
135
i :i
uniform and partially in plain clothes. All ranks should
be strictly prohibited from appearing in public otherwise
than properly and completely dressed in uniform or
entirely in plain clothes. Officers should take care that
this be explained to, and forcibly impressed on, all under
their command, as this most unmilitary of habits is calcu-
lated in the extreme to bring discredit on, and lower the
respectability, of the Militia. Military great-coats should
never to be worn when in plain clothes.
No soldier should ever be seen beyond the precincts of
his barracks, or camp, improperly dressed; any man so
seen should be immediately confined.
The ordinary dress worn out of quarters should be
cloth or serge tunic, forage cap and waistbelt. Helmets
or busbies should be worn on Sundays.
Staff sergeants should wear their swords when walking
out, at other times their sword-belt only.
Sergeants only should be permitted to wear side-arms off
duty.
Non-commissioned Officers and men on duty wear side-
arms, save men on fatigue.
Non-commissioned Officers and men should sit down to
meals with tunics buttoned.
The carrying of bundles or baskets in the streets should
not be allowed, otherwise than in fatigue dress.
Plain clothes should only be allowed to be worn by
men employed at the Officers' mess, and by Officers' ser-
vants.
The helmets or busbies should not be worn on one
side but be placed even on the men's heads, and brought
well down on the forehead. The chin strap should be under
the chin, and not hooked up, except when marching at
ease. Cap-covers should not be worn on ordinary parades,
but may be worn on guard, or on the march, in wet
weather, and during night duties, at the discretion of the
Commanding Officer.
i
136
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
The Water-bottle should hang over the left shoulder,
restinf^ on the right hip.
The Haversack should be worn slung across the
right shoulder. When empty it should be neatly rolled
up, and hang over the bayonet, resting on the left hip.
The ]3ayonet should hang on the left hip, not too far
to the front.
The large Pouch should hang about four fingers below
.he rlbow; the small pouch or ball bag is worn in front,
on the right side.
Leggings should be worn on parade in wet weather, but
not when the men are off duty.
Plumes should be worn on parade at all times when the
Officers wear them. The plume cases are for the preser-
vation of the plumes when not in use.
The Great-coat should be folded at the back of the
knapsack, the top in a line with the collar of the tunic.
Width of the great-coat to be sixteen inches, depth eleven
inches. Space between straps from the outside of each to
be six inches. The upper edge of the Knapsack should be
on a level with the lower seam of the collar of the tunic,
and the straps worn over the shoulder straps.
Sergeants' sashes should be doubled longitudinally, and
passed over the right shoulder under the shoulder strap; the
runner to be level with the belt ; the ends of the tassels
level, and not to hang below the tunic.
Accoutrements should not be cleaned with jet or any
substance with a brittle surface, but with ordinary blacking.
No Non-commissioned Officer or man should alter any
part of his clothing or accoutrements without permis-
sion, or put any private mark upon the same, on his arms,
clothing, or equipment. By doing so he renders himself
liable to punishment, or make good the article so injured.
No alteration of clothing or accoutrements should be
permitted, except by a competent mechanic. All distinc-
DRESS OF NON-COM'D OFFICERS AND MEN.
137
ilder.
the
•oiled
hip.
o far
ttions, whether of rank or good conduct, should be put on
by the Regimental Tailor, under the supervision of the
Quarter Master.
Non-commissioned Officers are disi'mguishedhy chevrons.
Guards, Fusileer, Light Infantry, and Rifle Corps wear
them on both arms , other Infantry Corps on the right
arm only.
With tunics the chevrons are worn above the elbow
by all Non-commissioned Officers ; with great-coats and
mndress uniform Staff Sergeants wear them inverted just
above the wrist.
Pioneers are distinguished by crossed axes worn on the
upper axm, the Non-commissioned Officer in charge
wearing them above his chevrons.
The Band wear wings or shells on the shoulders of
alternate stripes of the colours of uniform and facings.
Buglers wear a twisted cord on the back and sleeve
seams, also wings on the shoulders.
The chevrons and distinctive badges worn by the
several ranks are as follows : —
Lance Corporals — One stripe.
Corporals — Two stripes.
Sergeants — Three stripes.
Colour Sergeants of Infantry — Crossed Swords and
Colours, surmounted with a Crown.
Colour Sergeants of Rifles — Crossed Swords, surmounted
with a Crown within a wreath on right arm and three
stripes on left.
Orderly Room Clerk,
Armourer Sergeant,
Hospital Sergeant,
Paymaster's Clerk,
Drum Major — Four stripes and Drum.
Bugle Major — Four stripes and Crossed Bugles.
Sergeant Instructor of Musketry — Four stripes and
Crossed Rifles.
Three stripes.
J
II
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138
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Quarter Master Sergeant — Four stripes.
Band Master — Four stripes and Lyre.
Sergeant Major — Four stripes and Crown.
The chevrons of Infantry should be of white, on a
ground same colour as facings ; for Staff Sergeants, silver;
Rifles, of black, on a ground same colour as facings,
each stripe being one inch wide.
The following are the orders of dress for Non-commis-
sioned Officers and men, viz. : —
Review Order — Tunic, Helmet or Busby ; no packs or
valises unless specially ordered.
Marching Order — Tunic or Serge frock, Helmet or
Busby ; packs or valises ; complete kit and equipment.
Field Day Order — Tunic or Serge frock, Helmet or
Busby ; no packs or valises unless specially ordered.
Drill Order — Serge frock, Forage cap.
Divine Service Order — Same as Review order, without
Crossbelts for rank and file.
I'
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or
PART V.
BOOKS & CORRESPONDENCE.
SECTION I.
Regimental Books.
The books to be kept in a Regiment, as laid down by
the Queen's Regulations, are only necessary when perma-
nently embodied for lengthened service. It will be seen
in describing them that such only as will be most useful
to the Militia, in their ordinary duties at home or in camp,
are noted. The entries made in them should be carefully
examined periodically by the Commanding Officer, and
the books produced at every inspection, and at such
other times as the Commanding Officer may think proper
to call for them.
GENERAL ORDER BOOK.
All General Orders, Regulations and Circular Letters
received from the Militia Department should be posted as
they are received, in the first instance, into a guard book ;
these documents are printed on sheets of uniform size,
with a margin, so as to admit of their being bound from
time to time in volumes of convenient size ; the volumes
being numbered, and having each an index, the original
orders and regulations received will form the regimental
records under this head, instead of manuscript copies.
An ordinary guard book of foolscap size will be found
sufficient to contain the General Orders of a Militia Regi-
ment for three or four years.
REGIMENTAL ORDER BOOK.
This book should consist of two parts, viz.;
?li
1: 5
J
I
If
1
1
.
1 j
'■i
1
i
?,
i
I
1
k.
140
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Part I. — Of Temporary orders.
Part 2. — Of f Permanent orders.
In Part i, all General orders affecting the Regiment,
and orders issued by the Commanding Officer of the
District, Station, Brigade, etc., or by the Commanding
Officer of the Regiment, should be entered as they
are issued. At the commencement of each year these
entries should be reviewed, and such of the orders
(including the number and date) as shall appear to the
Commanding Officer necessary to be retained should be
transcribed into Part 2 ; after these extracts have been
made. Part i may be destroyed in a few months. The
Permanent Book should have an index, containing the
date and purport of each order, the name of the Officer
by whom issued, and the page at which it is entered. It
may be considered as the "Standing Orders" of the
Regiment.
RECORD OF officers' SERVICES.
This should contain the names of the Officers of each rank
in the Regiment, showing the dates of their appointments-
their age, country, calling, date of their commissions, their
certificates of qualification, date of retirement, with par-
ticulars of their services (Form 30).
The Record of Officers' Services and Digest of the Ser-
vices of the Regiment may in the Militia be placed in
the one book, and in most corps will form a very interestmg
record.
DIGEST OF SERVICES OF THE REGIMENT,
An historical account should be kept in every corps
of its services, etc., stating the period and circumstances
of the original formation, the means by which it has from
time to time been recruited, the stations at which it has
been employed, and the period of its arrival at and depar-
ture from such stations. It should specify the military
REGIMENTAL BOOKS.
141
.m\
ent,
the
ding
they
hese
Irders
|o the
d be
been
The
the
ficer
It
■ the
operations in which the Regiment has been engaged, and
record any achievement it may have performed, and
contain the names of any Officer, Non-commissioned
Officer, or private who may, in a peculiar manner, have
distinguished himself in action, or who may have been
killed or wounded by the enemy. The badges and devices
which the Regiment may have been permitted to bear, and
the causes on account of which such badges and devices,
or any other marks of distinction, were granted, should be
stated, and the dates of such permission being granted.
Any particular alteration in the clothing, arms, accoutre-
ments, colours, horse furniture, etc., should be recorded,
and a reference made to the dates of the orders under
which such alterations were made. The various altera-
tions which may be made iu the establishment, either by
augmentation or reduction, should also be stated in this
book. The entries should be made under the immediate
inspection of the Commanding Officer.
This record, as already suggested, may be placed under
the same cover with the Record of Officers' Services.
i:M
it :
I
sr
PORTFOLIO OF ATTESTATIONS.
In the regular service the attestatici; i^i deposited with
the Paymaster of the Regiment (or of the Brigade Depot
for Infantry of the line), and filed in the Portfolio of
Attestations, in numerical order, an alphabetical index of
the men's names being kept in each volume.
In place of the above it is recommended that a " Service
Book" be substituted for home service, being an alpha-
betical roll showing the name, age, height, calling, date
of enrolment, and date of discharge, with a column of
remarks giving promotions, services and character of each
man enrolled. The attestation form (No. i), referred to
under Enrolment, should be filed in the Orc'erly room for
reference. • ...
142
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
LETTER BOOK
Should contain the entry of all official letters written by
the Commanding Officer, or under his direction, to the
Public departments, and to individuals on regimental
business, and contain an alphabetical index, with a separ-
ate index for the public departments.
It need not be preserved beyond three years after it is
completed, care being taken to keep copies of such letters
as may be likely to be required for reference.
A foolscap book for press cojiying of 500 p will be
found to last years, under ordinary circumstances, in the
Militia service. Such a book is absolutely necessary in
ever> well regulated corps.
RETUKN BOOK
Is for copies of all monthly and other returns transmitted
to Departments, or to the General Officers commanding.
They are to be kept together in a guard book, and may be
destroyed after the expiration of three years, with the
exception of such as the Commanding Officer may deem
it proper to retain.
REGISTER OF FURLOUGHS.
This is a register of all leaves of absence granted to
Officers, Non-commissioned Officers, and men ; the Officers'
names being kept separate from the Non-commissioned
Officers' and privates'. The entries should be made in
alphabetical order, and show the name of the person to
whom leave of absence is granted, the period for which it
is granted, the particular place to which he has been
permitted to go, and to which any orders necessary to be
sent to him during his absence may be addressed ; the
date of his returning to duty, and a column for remarks.
DESCRIPTION OF DESERTERS.
As accurate an account as possible of the deserters
REGIMENTAL BOOKS.
H3
should be preserved, in order that they may be readily
identified when apprehended.
DEFAULTER HOOK.
This contains a sheet for every Non-commissioned Oflicer
and soldier, with his number and name at the head of
each sheet (Form 31), and the following punishments
should be entered therein, viz. : —
a. Every conviction by Court Martial or by a Court of
ordinary criminal jurisdiction, or by a Magistrate (involv-
ing imprisonment, or a fine in lieu thereof).
b. Every case of reduction of a Non-commissioned
Ofticer to the ranks for a crime — not^for inefficiency.
c. Every award of imprisonment ^by the Commanding
Officer.
d. Every award of deprivation of pay, fine for drunken-
ness, for any period exceeding seven days.
e. Confinement to barracks, exceeding seven days ; but,
when awarded for concealment of disease, the entry is to
be discretionary with the Commanding Oflicer.
A half-sheet, or two pages, should be allotted to every
man, the whole secured together in a guard book in
alphabetical order, but not bound in sheets, so that when
a soldier becomes non-effective by death, the record of his
misconduct, if any, may be destroyed. If the man be
transferred or removed to another Regiment, it is
invariably to be transferred with him (in blank if there
are no entries). If he be discharged as an invalid, it is
to be forwarded with his discharge documents. If he be
discharged for any other cause, it is to be preserved for
the full period within which such jsoldier on re-engaging
or re-enlisting is allowed to reckon former service.
officers' court martial book.
A guard book should be kept as a confidential document
144
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
by the Commanding Officer of every Regiment, to contain
certified copies of all charges which may have been
prosecuted before Courts Martial on any of the Officers
therein serving, together with the finding and sentence In
each case, and minutes of the execution or remission of
all or any parts of such sentence.
COURT MARTIAL BOOK.
The Court Martial Book should contain copies of the
charges, findings and sentences of all Courts Martial;
such copies to be verified by the signature of the Com-
manding Officer. The original proceedings, signed by
the President and countersigned by the Commanding
Officer, should be kept by corps for one year after the
date of the prisoner's release from imprisonment, or, if
no imprisonment be awarded, from the date of trial.
DIARY OF PARADES.
A record of each parade, with details of the drill, number
present, etc.
CASUALTY BOOK.
A book is kept in the regular service at the head-quarters
of every Regiment in which all changes in the soldier's
service are inserted daily.
For all ordinary purposes in the Militia the " Service
Book '.' will be found to answer as a Casualty Book.
CRIME BOOK
Should contain the names of all men brought up before
the Commanding Officer, the crimes they have committed,
V ith the dates thereof, the names of the evidences against
them, and the punishment awarded.
HOSPITAL BOOK.
The Surgeon of each Regiment should keep an Admis-
sion and Discharge Book of all cases taken into Hospital
(Form 32;.
REGIMENTAL BOOKS.
145
QUARTER MASTER S BOOKS.
In the Quarter-Master's branch the following mode has
been found to work very well in our Militia, and by it one
book can be made to answer for all ordinary purposes ; in
barracks or camp an account for rations, fuel, etc., should
also be kept, as well as a Letter Book at all times.
The Quarter-Master should keep an account with the
Department (Form 33), one with the Regiment (Form 34),
and another with each of the Companies, band, buglers,
pioneers, and staff-sergeants.
All " Issues " from the Quarter-Master's store should
be on requisitions from Officers commanding companies
(Form 35), countersigned by the Commanding Officer ;
and for all " Returns " a receipt should be given by the
Quarter-Master.
^51'
V
:(
:* ■■
in
it;
SECTION IL
Company Books.
Ill
111
ORDER BOOK.
This book should contain a copy of all Regimental and
other orders particularly affecting the Company, which are
to be read to the men.
Such a book should be in possession of every Company,
and the orders regularly copied into it from the Regimental
Order Book.
ROLL BOOK
Contains the names of the Non-commissioned Officers
and men of the Company, with columns ruled in which
their attendance at parades, and dates thereof, should
be carefully recorded in ink.
LEDGER.
On home or camp service a book should be Kept in
10
146
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
place of the Ledger, containing a list of those receiving
drill or other pay, with the date, amount, and particulars
of the service
DEFAULTER BO K.
In the Company Defaulter book, all offences of what-
ever shade or denomination which a soldier may commit,
with the punishment awarded, should be regularly re-
corded in the handwriting of the Officer comn;ianding the
Company. It should be made with a screw back
and moveable leaves, and invariably be in possession
of the Officer commanding the Company, except on the
line of march, when it should be carried by the Colour
Sergeant. In the column for remarks should be written
the station where the offence was committed. The Com.
pany Defaulter book should be taken to the Orderly
room and checked over with the Regimental Defaultsr
book in the beginning of every month.
STORES BOOi:
Each Company should keep a Stores book, in which
all " Issues" from the Quarter-Master's store or " Returns"
thereto should be entered at once, with the date and any
particulars connected therewith. In this Book two
accounts should be kept : one with the Regimental store
(Form 36), the other with the individual men of the
Company (Form 37).
A page should be given to each man, and each " Issue"
made to him signed for and the date given ; when
" Returns" are made, the Officer or Non-commissioned
Officer receiving should sign for vhem in the presence
of the man returning them. When Rifles, Swords, Knap-
sacks, Haversacks, Great coats, &(.., are issued or returned,
the Regimental number of each '-hould be marked in their
respective columns.
INDIVIDUAL BOOKS.
H7
\ : '»,:!
SECTION III.
Individual Books.
Every Officer and Non-commissioned Officer shuuld
have in his possession the latest editions of the following
books : —
I ield Exercise.
Rifle Exercises.
Militia Regulations and Orders.
Soldier's Pocket Book for Field Service. (Wolseley's).
Standing Orders of the Regiment.
SECTION IV.
Correspondence.
OFFICIAL.
All communications on matters in any way connected
with duty should be official.
Semi-official letters are applicable only to certain cases
of correspondence between superior military authorities ;
they are not considered confidential unless so marked.
Official correspondence and returns, intended for sub-
mission to the Adjutant General should be transmitted by
Deputy Adjutants General commanding Districts; and
not addressed by p(jrsonal name, but as follows : —
The idjutant General of Militia,
Head Quarters,
Ottawa.
Official letters and reports made to Deputy Adjutants
General and Brigade Majors, by Commanding Officers of
Corps, or other Officers within their respective districts,
should be addressed in like manner : —
The Deputy Adjutant General of Militia,
Military District No. 2,
Toronto.
Or,
The Brigade Major of Militia.
148
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Officers, in affixing their names to official documents,
should specify under their signatures, which must be
legibly written, their rank, with the corps or department
to which they belong, and should be careful to maintain
the proper channel of communication in correspondence
with the Deputy Adjutant General in command of their
District, or with Head Quarters, whether in the actual
performance of duty or not, except under special circum-
stances where a direct reference may be necessary. Any
Officer who, on his own responsibility, transmits docu-
ments otherwise than through the proper channel, should
fully explain the causes which induce him to do so, and,
at the same time, forward copies for the information of
the authority through whom they should have passed in
regular course.
Letters should be addressed to the Brigade-Major of the
Division to which the corps may belong, for the informa-
tion of the Deputy Adjutant General of the District, by
whom, if necessary, they are to be transmitted to the
Adjutant General.
Officers not in command of corps, or subalterns, should
forward all their communications on Militia matters to
the Commanding Officer of their corps.
Official letters should contain full information of all
particulars upon the subject to which they relate ; each
letter should refer to one subject only, and be written
on foolscap paper, with a convenient {i.e., from half to
quarter) margin ; the margin to be left on the inner side
of each page. The paragraphs should be numbered, and
the enclosures (if any) described in the margin, or on a
separate schedule. As a general rule, when the letter
extends beyond one page, or is accompanied by enclosures,
it should be written on a whole sheet. The transmission
of unnecessary enclosures should be avoided ; and when
additional papers are forwarded, all blank fly leaves
should be removed from them.
CORRESPONDENCE.
149
W\
Mere covering letters should not be used, as they add to
the bulk of documents without conveying any additional
ii/ 'lation.
I emoranda may, whenever practicable, be substituted
L- letters. The half sheet of foolscap on which they are
written should be folded in four divisions, as is the custom.
On the back of these divisions a second memorandum can
be written by the recipient in answer to it, or on forwarding
it on to some other Department. A sheet thus folded has
places for four memoranda on the back ; so that if it has
to go to that number of people, all they have to say on the
subject is on the one half sheet of foolscap.
Superior Officers and other intermediate authorities are
responsible for the correctness of what is set forth in
documents submitted by them. It is their duty to endeavour
to adjust all matters that come within the scope of their
authority; and, in transmitting applications or correspond-
ence to Headquarters, they should invariably state their
concurrence, or otherwise, adding such additional observa-
tions, based on local knowledge, as may be necessary to
enable the authorities to come to a final decision on the
question without further reference and correspondence.
Letters addressed to and received from Headquarters,
Ottawa, pass free from any charge for postage.
The following are forms of an application and a report :
Toronto, * * * i8
From Captain Allan, ♦ * * Regiment,
To the * * *
Sir, ~I have the honour to request that you will be pleased
to submit * * * . * * this my
application « ♦ ♦
/ have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
D. H. ALLAN, Captain,
The Officer Commanding * * Regiment.
* * Regiment, Toronto.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Toronto, * * * i8 .
From Lieut. -Col. Arthurs, Commanding * * RegimnU.
To the * *
Sir, — / have the honour to report for the information of
the
I have the honour to be,
Sir,
Your obedient servant,
WILLIAM ARTHURS, Lieut.-Col,
Commanding * * Regiment.
The Adjutant-General of Militia,
Ottawa.
Military correspondence should never be addressed to
an Officer by name, but to the designation of the function
he fulfils, thus : —
To the Officer Commanding
Regiment.
NOT
To Lieut.-Col. Arthurs,
Commanding * * Regiment.
Officers holding Brevet commissions should sign official
documents as under : —
SALTER M. JARVIS.
Major and Bt. Lt.-Col.,
* * Regiment.
In all communications these Officers should be addressed
and described by their regimental rank and their rank in
force, thus : — Major and Bt. Lieut.-Col. Jarvis.
The word Brevet is usually abbreviated thus: — " Bt."
PRIVATE.
Private letters, etc., if addressed to Officers in their
military capacities, should be addressed as under : —
To Lieut. -Colonels, Brevet) » /-« i ^ r^u
CORRESPONDENCE.
151
To Majors. Brevet and Hon-, As Major Lee. ^ ^^^^^
orary Majors ' *
To Captains and Honorary, •■ Captain Hammon^^^^
Captains ' *
Lieutenants, Quartermasters.'
Medical Officers (other than
those of the degree of M.
D).
Hy.Kersteman, Esq.,
* * Regiment.
M
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PART VI.
MARCHES AND ENCAMPMENT
SECT ION I.
Marches.
There is no occasion on which the discipline of a Regi-
ment is more conspicuous, nor on which the attention and
vigilance of every Officer in maintaining order and regu-
larity are more especially requisite, than upon the line of
march.
Officers of all ranks should be sensible of the import-
ance of preserving the compact order of a column of
march, by not allowing irregular intervals, straggling, or
falling out, except during periodical halts; these should
be frequent, and at a distance from public houses.
It is most important that all marches should commence
as early in the morning as practicable. As a rule, troops
should move at day-break, and, in sultry weather, even
before day-break. The march need not then be hurried,
the proper halts may be observed, and the heat of the day
avoided.
Troops should begin with short marches, say six miles,
and then work up to thirteen miles per day, which should
not be exceeded unless a forced march be required ; two
and a half miles an hour can be accomplished by troops
without distress.
Advance and rear guards should always be formed ; the
latter is to bring up any man who may have fallen out,
and, if such soldier be unable to march, he should be
given in charge of a Corporal or steady man of the Com-
pany to which he belongs. The Commander of the rear
MARCHES.
15^
T
guard should make a report of all occurrences to the
Commander of the column at the end of each day's
march.
Men falling out for a short time should leave their arms
to be carried by the section to which they belong, and
straggling should be avoided, as it upsets all calculation
as to time.
A Regiment should move with as broad a front as the
ground will admit, as men suffer in warm weather from
dust and want of air when in close formation, and when
marching in fours, a column of tired men is indefinitely
lengthened.
On arriving at a bad piece of road, Officers should pre-
vent men from defiling individually.
On reaching a brook or bad piece of road, the front
should be increased for crossing. Defiles, or narrow
passes, should be crossed at the double, to prevent the
rear being retarded.
Music and singing should be kept up as much as possi-
ble, and when the band ceases playing the drums should
beat the cadence.
On the line of march an opportunity of washing the
feet should never be lost, and, when possible, name the
period of the halt ; if the feet are sore, bathe in tepid
water with alum at night ; if blistered, do not tear them,
but run needles through them with worsted thread, and
leave the thread in and cut off ends, and next day, before
marching, apply grease or soft soap. A lotion of whiskey
or rum and water is a good preventative of sore feet.
Loose the boot-laces at night when your boots cannot
be taken oft.
Never allow men to be idle, but let them see the work
they are doing is for their own good.
Want of food and exhaustion predispose to sunstroke ;
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
in such a case, open the coat and throat, and keep a stream
of water on the patient's head till he is conscious.
Discourage men from drinking water largely on the
march, though the idea that danger may result therefrom
is obsolete, but the more you drink when hot the more
thirst will be felt.
Take men into camp cool, and advise them not to take
oflF their coats for half an hour, unless to bathe at once,
before getting cool.
BIVOUAC.
Troops encumbered with tents and baggage cannot
move with the rapidity required in modern warfare, and
in the case of pursuits and retreats, when no shelter can
be found, when near the enemy, and about to engage, they
must bivouac.
On arriving on the ground, a Corps should be shown
the position it is to occupy, and informed of the duties it
is to furnish.
Column is then formed, arms piled, the duties fur-
nished, and meals and shelter prepared ; the greater the
regularity and division of labour, the sooner the hour of
rest arrives.
Latrines should be made, as they are absolutely neces-
sary for the cleanliness of a camp, even for one day.
Fires are more necessary in a bivouac than in a camp,
and when allowed should generally occupy the position of
tents when camping. A few logs of wood, sods of grass
or turf, or stones piled up to windward, afford a fair
shelter ; or, if there be time and material, make a shelter
by driving forked sticks 4 or 6 feet long into the ground ;
rest a pole between them ; lay branches to windward, at
the angle of 45 "^ , end of branches upwards.
When lying on the ground, unless on soft sand, always
scrape out a hole for the hip-bone to rest in, and it will be
MARCHES.
555
Stream
fomnd a good plan to club blankets, so that there may be
©cue above and one below ; under any circumstances, dry
bashes, fern, grass, etc., should be cut to lie upon. Always
contrive something for a pillow; even a stone is better than
nothing.
Men should sleep in squads in rear of their arms.
On waking in the chill dawn, take a sharp run.
Hot tea or coffee and a biscuit at daylight should be
served without waiting for breakfast.
Working parties should never be left without Officers ;
for wnless men see their Officers interested in their labour
they become dispirited ; and, of all duties, soldiers most
dislike "fatigue" work.
Every facility consistent with safety should be given to
men to wash all over with cold water, and, if a bath
cannot be had, take off the clothing and shake it ; this alone
will give refreshment.
m
BAGGAGE.
Each Regiment should furnish its own Baggage Guard
en the line of march, and be responsible for the safety of
its baggage. The guard in a weak Regiment should not
exceed one Sergeant, one Corporal and ten privates ; it acts
under the orders of the Officer in charge of regimental
transport, by whom it is distributed along the column of
waggons as he may consider mo st advisable ; he makes them
accountable that nothing is taken off. The men of the
guard should never put their arms on the waggons, but
inarch by the sides with bayonets fixed. In the case of
hived transport, the Officer should be responsible that the
drivers and horses are not ill-used, and that nothing is
required of them to which they are not bound by law or
previous agreement. At night, when the baggage is not
unloaded, the waggons should be parked, so as to occupy
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
as little space as possible, and placed under the charge of
sentries.
As a rule, the Officer's place is with the rear waggon.
The pace for all transport is a walk, even with empty
waggons ; if a waggon falls behind, it should regain its
proper position at the walk during the next halt.
If a load falls off, or a waggon breaks down, the whole
of the baggage should draw up on the near side of the
road, and the guard then repack the load or distribute it
amongst the others.
The articles which compose the baggage should be so
arranged that the weight of any one package in no case
exceeds 3 cwt.; that being the weight which four men can
load and unload without risk of sustaining personal injury.
The size of packages should not exceed 3 feet 6 inches in
length, 2 feet in width, and 2 feet 3 inches in depth.
Every chest, trunk, bale, or other article of public bag-
gage, belonging to the Regimental Store, Orderly Room,
Band, Officers' Mess, or the Hospital, should be distinctly
numbered and marked with paint ; and every article of
baggage belonging to individuals should ha^ • the rank,
name and corps of the owner legibb na^ :ed upon it.
TOLLS.
All troops, on duty or on the march, w th their horses
and baggage, all recruits marching by route, all prisoners
under military escort, and all carriages and horses
belonging to Her Majesty, or employed in her service,
when conveying any such persons as aforesaid, or their
baggage, or returning from conveying the same, are
exempted from payment of any duties and tolls on em-
barking or disembarking from or upon any pier, wharf,
quay, or landing place, or in passing along or over any
turnpike or other roads or bridges.
MARCHES.
157
[charge of
Jaggon.
|th empty
pgain its.
Je whole
[e of the
fribute it
d be so
no case
nen can
I injury.
iches in
1.
^lic bag-
Room,
stinctly
tide of
e rank,
it.
Worses
Joners
lorses
rvice,
their
are
em-
harf,
any
TRANSPORT OFFICER.
On the line of march, a Subaltern should be placed
in charge of the Regimental baggage, baggage guard, and
transport equipment, whose duty it should be to see that
the waggons are correctly loaded, under the superintend-
ence of the Quarter Master, that the horses are harnessed
and hooked in, and ready for marching at the proper
time, that the order of march is strictly carried out, that
no unauthorized loads are placed on the waggons, and
that stragglers do not mount them ; reporting both before
and at the end of the march to the Commanding Officer,
that everything is regular or otherwise.
He should also see that a list of stores is in each waggon.
TRANSPORT SERGEANT.
On the line of march a Sergeant should be appointed
to assist the Transport Officer, being selected for his
trustworthiness and general smartness in duty matters ;
he should be a fair horseman, and form part of a company's
establishment.
RAILWAY TRANSPORT.
A Regiment moving by railway should, on arriving at
the station, be halted, and the Companies told off according
to the number each car will contain, a proportion of Non-
commissioned Officers being allottef! to each party.
Pouches, bayonets, haversacks, &c., should l>e shifted to
the front of the body, and the companies then be marched
into their respective cars, at once taking their seats, and
holding their rifles between their knees, the Officers
remaining with their men, the Majors looking after their
respective Half Battalions, and the Adjutant the Band,
Buglers, and Pioneers.
When all is ready to start, the " advance " should be
sounded. No shouting, cheering, or playing on band
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
instruments should be permitted whilst the train is leaving
or arriving at stations.
When away from the station the men should be allowed
to take off their accoutrements, &c., and make themselves
comfortable ; as soon as all ar .' in order the Oflficers cast
then be permitted to go to their own car.
Kifles should not be placed on the floor, but secorelj
fastened in an upright position.
Orderly Officers should be detailed whose duty it should
be to pass continually through the train to see that the
train orders are carried out. At stations they should
remain on the platform during the stoppage.
Bayonet sentries should be placed at each door wills
orders not to allow men to stand on the platform, nor lea\«
the train unless permitted to do so; during stoppages two
or more sentries should be placed outside each car ta
prevent liquor from being passed into the train.
If a long journey, the men .should, if piossible, be occa-
sionally allowed out of the trair to stretch their limbs; ojt
returning to the train rolls should be called and the
Companies reported as present or otherwise.
When nearing the destination the Officers should joiic
their companies ; on arrival the markers should first be
thrown out, but until the "fall in" is sounded neither
Officers nor men should be permitted to leave the train.
When a Corps leaves its own headquarters the Com-
manding Officer should send a " Marching out " State ta
the Staff Office' of his District and at the end of its
journey a " Marching in " State (Form 38). This forns
can be altered to suit both cases.
WATER TRANSPORT.
In moving by water, the Regiment should, if possibla
move on the steamer without halting (the Band ceasjiijj
playing on reaching the wharf), and the companies aJ
MARCHES.
159
leaving
'lowed
iseJves
-rs cajt
icnvelj
once directed to their several stations, where they should
remain standing at ease until the steatner leaves the dock.
The Majors should specially superintend the embarka-
tion of their Half Battalions, the Adjutant, if not re-
quired by the Commanding Officer, looking after the
Band, etc.
On the steamer getting well away from the dock, arms
and accoutrements should be put carefully away, each
Company's being separate and distinct, and the men
then allowed to move about.
Orderly Officers and Non-commissioned Officers should
be detailed. Regimental and Company alarm posts named,
and all duties carried out as regularly as if on shore.
The Officers should constantly go among the men during
the journey, to attend to their wants and to enforce orderly
behaviour; during night journeys at least one Officer
per Company should always be up, in addition to the
Officer detailed for duty, and visit the men frequently.
The men should not be allowed to get off the steamer at
intermediate landing places, except by special permission.
On nearing its destination the Regiment should be
accoutred and fall in by Companies, and on arrival, after
the markers are thrown out, each Company marched
off the steamer on its markers.
The baggage should be placed under a guard, and sent
down before the Regiment, being put on the steamer in
advance of it, but not taken off until after it has disem-
barked.
SECTION II.
Encampment.
A camp should be on dry ground, accessible from a
main road, with a good supply of water and fuel in its
vicinity, and within easy reach of all necessary supplies.
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C/NADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
The means of passing freely through the camp with a
large front should bfe maintained. The camp should be
as compactly arranged as the above considerations permit.
The tents, bivouacs, or huts, should be disposed with a
view to the greatest amount of order, cleanliness, ventila-
tion and salubrity.
The tents of a Regiment should never be arranged in a
double line ; short single lines are best. The tents in line
should be separated from each other by a space at the
very least equal to a diameter and a half of a tent, and
the farther the lines can be conveniently placed from each
other the better ; if troops are at a distance from an enemy,
and are to remain some time in camp, and ground is avail-
able, the camp should be formed at double intervals.
Whenever troops remain in camp more than three days,
tents should be struck every two days. All arms, straw
and blankets should be removed from the ground covered
by the tents, and the ground swept clean with a
broom, or branches of trees, and left exposed to the sun
and wind. Blankets, clothes, etc., should be spread out
to air, and the tents roughly pitched in the intervals of the
camp with slack ropes, and the fly loose to allow it to be
well blown about. Tents should never be pitched for a
night in the intervals, as men invariably urinate around
them, and consequently pollute the ground.
Every morning, except when it rains, the sides of the
tents should be rolled up, and, previous to retiring for the
night, all the tent ropes should be slacked off a little, as
the rain or dew will tighten them enough to draw the
pegs, and strain, if not tear, the canvas.
As a rule, the doors of the tents should face the head of
the column, but this rule should never prevent their bemg
turned away from the prevailing wind.
Trenches should be dug round tents, and a drain should
connect these trenches, so that the water may not lodge in
E.N'CAMPMENT.
I6l
them, but may run freely off. The first wet day after the
camp is formed Officers commanding Companies should
personally examine the ground on which their Companies
are encamped, and should see that the proper drains are
constructed ; half an hour's work on a wet day, when the
natural run of the water can be seen, w^ill do more to keep
the camp healthy than a day's labour in dry weather.
In encamping large bodies of troops, it is very desirable
that a sketch of the ground, no matter how rough, showing
the place to be occupied by each Corps, should be prepared
beforehand ; by this means the Officer charged with form-
ing the Encampment can, in a few minutes, place the whole
of the camp-colour men, so that when the Regiments
arrive they may proceed at once to the position assigned
to them.
PITCHING TENTS.
Whenever the nature of the ground will admit, the fol-
lowing mode will be observed in the formation of camps
by all Infantry Corps : The front of each camp to be
the same as the front of a Regiment when in line.
When a Regiment marches on to its ground, a portion
of the Advanced Guard, previously warned, immediately
takes possession of the spot where the Quarter Guard
tent is to be erected, and where a small camp colour
should have been already placed by the Quarter Master,
with the approval of the Commanding Officer ; and the
necessary number of sentries to cover the front of the
camp are then thrown out. At the same time a Rear
Guard, similarly warned, marches to the spot where the
camp Rear Guard is to be located. The Regiment should
be in column by the left, so that each Company stands
on the parade opposite the ground previously marked off
for its tents, by the Quarter Master.
The leading Company being at wheeling distance in rear
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
i
of the colour, the tents should be pitched in column,
to the reverse flank of each Company as it stands, and are
deposited near the several Companies.
A Regiment on the march should have all the men
warned for their several duties at the last halting place
before entering the camp ground. Until the tents are
pitched the Officers should not leave their Companies, nor
employ men for their own convenience.
The following parties should then be told off and
paraded by the Adjutant :
Cooking party — Two men per Company, under the
Sergeant Cook.
Latrine party — All the Pioneers who carry pick-axes
and shovels, and one man per Company.
Water party— One Non-commissioned Officer and two
men per Company, under a Sergeant.
Ration party — A Non-commissioned Officer and two
men per Company, or more if the Company is strong,
under the Quarter Master Sergeant.
Wood party — Two men, or more if requisite, and a
Non-commissioned Officer per Company.
The Sergeant Cook should select the place for the
kitchen, within the space marked out by the camp
colours, and make the kitchen as soon as the tools can
be procured. As will be seen by the diagram, (page 164)
Company cooking trenches should be dug between the
Officers' and men's tents.
The Corporal of Pioneers should at once begin the
latrines, it being essential that the ground be not fouled.
The Ration party, under the Quarter Master Sergeant,
vill go to the depot and receive the rations.
The Wood party will, if no fuel is issued, seek for and
bring it to the kitchens.
Each Company should then be told off in squads to
occupy the tents. The usual uumber is ten men and one .
ENCAMPMENT.
163
Sergeant. The squad is subdivided as follows : Six tent
men, of which one is pole man, one bagman and remainder
peg men.
The Regiment now piles arms, takes off accoutrements,
etc., which are placed in ro\vs on the ground or hung on
the piles of arms.
Each Company should proceed as follows (say the Com-
pany is sixty men, and that six tents are required for it) :
The Captain gives the word, " Out, pole men." The
men told off as "pole men" to each tent fall in, in single
rank, so that the left-hand man rests on the alignment of
the pegs driven by the Quarter Master.
The command, " From the left — paces extend, " when
the pole men extend to — paces from each other ; each
man, except the left-hand man, turning towards the reverse
flank of the Company.
The Senior Major should then dress the left-hand pole
men from the left-hand man of the pole men of the leading
Company, so that they stand exactly on the alignment of
the colour placed by the Quarter Master, and give the word
" Steady," on which the Captain of each Company will
dress his own row of pole men from the left-hand man
(who has already been covere<:l by the Senior Major)
Pegs should then be driven exactly on the spots on
which the extended pole men stand ; these pegs mark
where the pole of each tent is to rest.
Each tent squad should bring up a tent, pegs, and pole
open the tent bag, and drive a peg between the heels of
the pole man, who then grasps the pole ; the tent should
then be opsned and phiced on the pole. If the tent has
Storm guys, they should be fixed, and the ends held by
four men ; if the tent has no storm guys, the four red
runners then are held each by a man ; the Non-commis-
sioned Officer seeing thit the door points the proper way,
and that the fly is hooked. On all being reported ready.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
the bugle should sound one "G," and the whole be raised
at once, the guys fixed, and the pegging down completed.
The work is proceeded with in silence, Non-commissioned
Officers directing the men where to drive the pegs, &c.
In a few minutes the camp for the men should be com-
pleted. After which, and not before, fatigue parties may
be told off to pitch the Officers' tents. The Companies'
cooks, under the direction of the Quarter Master, having
selected a place for their kitchens, fatigue men collected
fuel, &c., the preparation of the meal is forthwith com-
menced.
Infantry Camp of 8 Companies of 60 Men Each.
I .
Latnne.
■3 1
-a
•a
u
a-
Qr. Guard
160 yards.
20
20
Piles
20
of
20
Arms
20
20
X
X
I
Latrine.
I
I
I
20 I 20.
X
« -
♦ * *
Privates' Tents.
i< ♦ *
"Staff Sergeants.
Line of Kitchens.
X X X X X
Company OfiBcers.
* * ♦ * ♦
*
X
♦
Surgeons, Majors, Lt.-Col. Pay Mstr. Qr. Mstr.
and Adjt.
Waggons, Horses, Chargers, &c.
Officers' Latrine.
Rear Guard
5
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i
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ENCAMPMENT.
165
t
a
o
Officers commanding Companies should now examine
the tents, to see that they are properly pitched ; the arms,
accoutrements, and blankets brought in ; and a trench
dug round each tent with a proper drain to carry off the
water.
The space in front of the front row of tents is the regi-
mental parade ground and alarm post.
To the front, and in line with the centre of the Camp,
the Quarter-guard tent should be pitched, and a latrine
constructed on either side, half way between it and the
flank of the Regimental parade ground.
The rear tent of each row of tents should be occupied
by the senior Sergeant of the Company. Staff Sergeants
have tents to themselves, pitched in continuation of the
central Companies' rows of tents.
Rifles during the day in fine weather should be piled
outside each tent; in bad weather and at night they should
stand round the pole, confined at the muzzles by a barrel
hoop (wood) suspended from the roof. Bayonets and
accoutrements should hang from, crossed pegs on the pole
above the rifles.
Officers' tents should be in rear and on the reverse flank
of their respective Companies ; Staff and Field Officers,
tents in rear of the Company Officers' ; Rear Guard ten
at the limit of ground in rear of all ; Hospital tent, in
a place selected by the Medical Officer ; stores, chargers,
horses, waggons, &c., on the most suitable ground in rear
of the Staff Officers' tent.
Each Commanding Officer should have a distinguishing
flag erected in front of his tent. The colours ot a Corps
should be in charge of the Quarter-guard, and stacked
(in their cases) under the charge of No. i sentry of that
Guard.
No traffic of any kind should be allowed along the front
of a Camp, or through the tents. All carts, waggons, and
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
horses should pass through the intervals and along the
rear. A place for a market should be selected and named
in orders. All persons coming to the camp to sell articles
of any kind should be confined to this place and not
allowed to wander about the Camp. The Camp Police
should arrest all persons found wandering, and a Picquet
should remain in the market until it is cleared. The
Commanding Ofl&cer should arrange a tariff of prices at
which various articles may be sold, and no departure
from this should be allowed, all articles being paid for at
the time by the purchaser.
The Camp Police should make rounds at uncertain
intervals through the Camp and summarily arrest all who
may contravene the orders. Women of loose character
should be carefully excluded from the camp.
The Main Sireet, through the OfiQcers' tents, should be
used by men on duty only. Non-commissioned Officers, or
persons having business with OfiQcers.
No person should be allowed amongst the Officers' tents
except the Sergeant-Major, the Quarter-Master Sergeant,
men on duty (such as sweepers, orderlies, &c.). Non-
commissioned Officers, or persons having business with
Officers ; all other persons being directed to pass by the
flanks.
NECESSARIES.
Two flannel shirts, two padrs of woollen socks, a towel, a
woollen cap, a knife and lanyard, a spare pair of boots,
should be sufficient necessaries for a short camp.
As washing clothing is not generally practicable, it is
sufficient, for a few days' work, to expose flannel articles
to the air, and beat them.
Next in importance to the feeding of the men, is the
condition of their feet for marching. Good boots and
woollen socks are indispensable for marching ; the boots
ENCAMPMENT.
167
■ 7- \h^ ^ole low-heeled, and sufficiently
should be broad m he sole, low ^^ ^^^^ ;
,HcU to obviate the foot feeing the .^^^^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^
t^^^ n^^L^fert^^^^^^^^^^ in while ho.and
be dried at a fire. . . j^^^^ .
A .oonen cap is very Sno^^^^^^^^^^^^^ "r: aU .Mn,s
the " Glengarry answers xni;> i f
keep the hair closely cut.
KITCHENS.
^^ en as not to incommode the
Kitchens should >- ""ade -^s^o" ^^ ^^.^^.^
occupants of the t^^'^.^^^te^ Stents, To obviate any
a reasonable distance of he men s t^ ^^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^^^
chance of this "convenience the doo ^^ ^^
'^^^r'-'T^:'"'^':^ the s^oUe into the
no change ot wmu
doorways. _ _^ j^jj^^^n in rear ot
Each Company should have Us o ^^^ ^._^p,^^,
^d in line «»\'*\°;°,rg >n the direction that the
Kitchen consists of a trench dug ^^ ^^^^^^^ ^,
^ind is blo^ving, of »»<* vnd ^^^^ „„ ^ach s.de ;
placed on it, should not rest abo ^^.^^ ^^^ ^,„ ^
fts depth should be .^ ">• !» f J"^ („, , ft,, decreasing
is blovving, and conuuue ^at dept^^^ ^^^^ ^,,^,, , .pace
then gradually to 3 '«• f* *°" ^^^ of the trench, to serve
„ust be left equal to *« ^readt ^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^
,s a chimney. The fire .s U a^ * ^^„ ^.^ „p the
is deep; it should ''°\fT^ Aching one another
trench. The Kettles are ^aced ^^^^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^
along this trench; dry so^s shou ^ ^^^, j^,
chinks made by the '"""^^^^^^'fl^, u is advisable to
pile up sods, or v/itn bi.
1 68
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
in
height at the end away from
13 1
of at least one foot
the fire.
If the Regiment halts for more than one day these
Kitchens are susceptible of great improvement ; the
chimney can be made of mud or wattle and daub, and
the draught may be increased by using short pieces of
hoop-iron, as bars stretched across the trench to support
a filling in of clay round each kettle, or in other words,
to make a regular place for each kettle, into which it will
fit exactly, so that its position may be frequently changed
to prevent the contents of one being cooked before the
other. As the day following the wind may change to an
exactly opposite direction, a similar trench must be dug
in continuation of the former one, the same chimney
being used ; in this manner the same chimney will serve
for trenches cut to suit the wind blowing from all four
quarters. The openings from these trenches into the
chimney should be closed with a sod, except the one to
be used when the fire is lit. In some places, where bricks
or stones suitable to the purpose are to be had, it is better
to construct these Kitchens on the ground, instead of
below the surface.
Two logs rolled together in the direction of the wind,
the fire being kindled between them, make a good Kitchen,
the kettles being hung from a stick resting at each end on
a forked upright.
Where stones are plentiful a temporary fire place can
be quickly constructed ; small poles six or eight feet long,
one end resting on the ground, the other end projecting
over the stones, can be used to hang the kettles on.
STRAW.
When Straw is issued for the use of troops, it should
be made into mats, and not left loose in the bottom of
the tent. Mats mav be best made as follows:— The
ENCAMPMENT.
169
from
these
the
• and
es of
^port
lords,
t will
nged
? the
o an
idug
Jiney
rve
four
the
le to
ricks
2tter
1 of
straw is twisted into ropes ; two rows of tent pegs are
driven into the ground parallel to one another and two
feet apart, and the rope passed round the pegs to form
the web. Other straw ropes are interlaced, so as to form
the woof, and an excellent mat is made in a short time.
Each man should have two mats, one for his head and
shoulders, the other for his legs. Four men will make
the mats for an entire tent in one day, two twisting the
ropes and two weaving.
WATER.
Few things arc of more importance to the well-being
of troops when encamped, than a plentiful supply of pure
water.
From whatever source the water supply is derived, it
is absolutely requisite that it should not be polluted. The
Officer entrusted with the duty of forming the encampment
should therefore post sentries over it, taking them from
the first troops that arrive on the ground; when the
camp is completely formed, a Guard should be posted
over the water supply. If the supply is from a stream,
great care should be taken that the watering place for the
men should be distinct from that for the animals. The
latter should be lower down the stream than the former,
and it is advisable to send patrols up the stream to prevent
men washing or bathing in it.
All washing in the neighbourhood of wells or watering
places used for drinking, should be strictly forbidden, as
the foul water percolates through the soil.
If the stream have a muddy bottom, great care should
be taken not to stir up the mud by dipping vessels into it.
If the stream be shallow, dams should be made on it ;
these are easily constructed with a few pickets and sods,
a small piece of tarpauling may be used with great advan-
tage for the purpose of making them water tight, A barrej
170
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
il
sunk in the bed of the stream affords a convenient place
into which to collect water.
Filters can be easily made by placing two barrels one
within another, and ramming the place between with clean
straw, coarse sand, and charcoal if it can be procured, or
branches of trees with the bark taken off. The water is
allowed to flow into the outer barrel and rises through
holes pierced in the bottom of the inner barrel. In a
standing camp, if the water is not good, charcoal should
be made, and the water regularly filtered ; an average of
one gallon per head is sufficient for troops when encamped ;
if in standing camp, this allowance should be increased,
as men should be encouraged to wash themselves as much
as possible.
LATRINES.
Latrines should be made in the most convenient situa-
tion, by fatigue parties as soon as troops arrive on the
ground, the places having been previously marked out for
them by the Quarter Master. The trench should be made
as narrow as possible, and about four feet deep, a rail or
post supported upon a forked post at both ends, and
about eighteen inches from the ground, laid along the
edge, will serve for the men to sit on, and the whole should
be screened with brushes, trees or lumber from public
view. A fatigue party should throw a couple of inches of
earth over the soil every day. This, if carefully done,
will prevent all smell. When the trench is filled up,
another one should be dug near it.
The Camp Police and Sentries should have orders to
prevent the men from committing nuisances in the vicinity
of the camp.
PART VII.
FORMS.
Owing to want of space the accompanying Forms are
necessarily very much contracted, but at the foot of each
a note is attached specifying the size that each should be.
Printed Forms are recommended in the majority of
cases, as a great saving of both time and labour.
172
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
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ijf,
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N.P). — In making out this Parade State, which is
intended for Barracks or Camp, the number of the "Total
on Parade/' added to the "Total Present, " will give the
number of "Total Effectives; ' add again the "Total
Absent" and " Wanting to Complete," and you get the
" Establishment." The Officers should not be added in
with the Sergeants, Corporals, &c., in the total. The
names of the Casualties should be written on the back,
under their respective heads.
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for:ti 19.
Captain of the Day's Report.
18
Sir —I have the honour to report, that, as Captain of
the Dav yesterday. I inspected the rations issued to the
Regiment^ and found them of good quahty and proper
weight.
I visited the Barracks or Tents of — - Companies
at Breakfast and Dinner hours and found the rooms (or
S staVs and passages clean, the arms and accoutre
ments properly arranged, the men a 1 P'^^^^''^]"^'^^
meals good, well cooked and punctually served, (or other-
wise).
I visited the Hospital, found it clean and regular ; the
patients preferred no complaints, (or otherwise) .
I visited the Cells at o'clock and found all
regular ; the prisoners made no complaints.
I inspected the Guard at o'clock by day and
I inspectea ^^.^^ ^ ^ ^^ JT'Trt
correct- I also visited ^he Sentries and found them alert
and properly informed of their duties.
I did not quit the camp or quarters of the Regiment,
during my tour of duty.
The Report of the Subaltern of the day I enclose
herewith ; also the Tattoo Report.
I have the honour to be,
Sir.
Your obedient servant,
— Captain.
— Regiment.
The Officer Commanding,
— Regiment.
(To be written on a half sheet of foolscap, one-third
margin) .
I
igS
CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
Subaltern of the Day's Report.
i8
Sir,
I have the honour to report that, as Subaltern of the
Day, yesterday, I attended at the delivery of the bread
and meat, and found them of good quality and proper
weight ; also at the issue of groceries.
I visited the Companies, (as the case may be),
at meal hours, and found everything regular. The messes
were well supplied, the men all present, and no complaints
(or otherwise).
The rooms and passages were properly cleaned, the
beds turned up, the doors and windows opened, the bed-
ding folded, and appointments, &c., arranged according to
order.
I saw the guards' dingers marched off at the proper
hours.
I visited the cook-houses previous to the time of the
meal at dinner hour, and found everything regular.
I visited the Schools, Tailor's, Shoemaker's and Ar-
mourer's shops, and found all regular.
I visited the guards and sentries at o'clock by
night, also the prisoners in the guard-room and cells,
and found all correct and regular (or otherwise).
I visited the canteen and found everything regular.
I attended at the hour of retreat and tattoo, and in-
spected the Picquet, and found all present and regular.
I attended at the hour of tattoo, when all the Non-com-
missioned Officers and men were reported present (or
otherwise), the report of which I now enclose you.
I saw the lights and fires extinguished at the proper
hours.
I have the honour to be, etc.,
Lieut.
Regiment.
To the Captain of the Day,
Yesterday.
(Half sheet foolscap, one-third margin).
FORMS.
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FORITI '^4.
Regimental Orderly Sergeant's Report.
i8
As Regimental Orderly Sergeant yesterday, I performed the follow-
ing duties : —
1. I paraded the Orderly Sergeants at a.m. who reported their
men all out of bed, and that no smoking had occurred during the
night.
2. I paraded the Orderly Corporals and men for rations at
3. I saw the prisoners' necessaries sent to the Guard Room at
a.m.
4. I went round the Barrack rooms (or tents) with the Captain of
the Day at a.m., and found everything regular, (except No.
toomofNo. Company.) I saw that the urme tubs were removed
to the proper places, and partly filled with clean water.
5. I marched off the rations to the several guards, in charge of the
respective Non-commissioned Officers.
6. I saw tb«? sick paraded and marched to Hospital.
7. I parai.v-d the Orderly Sergeants and evidences at a.m.
8. I collected the gate and canteen reports, and handed them to
the Non-commissioned Officers on those duties.
9. I visited the cook-houses at , and , and , and found
everything regular.
10. I paraded the Orderly Corporals and men at-
and , and
— , and marched them to the cook liouse for the meals.
II. I paraded the Orderly Corpor;Js and men for getting groceries
at —
12. I visited the canteen at , and , and , and found every
thing regular.
13. I visited the Non-commissioned Officers on gate duty at ,
and , and I saw that the names of the defaulters were on the gate
and canteen boards.
14. I left list of passes with the Sergeant of the Guard, and handed
the passes to the Orderly Sergeants of Companies.
15. I saw that the defaulters paraded, and found all present and
sober.
16. I shewed the Orders to the Field and Staff Officers.
17. I attended at T .ttoo, with the Subaltern of the Day.
18. I went round tne Barracks for camp) with the Subaltern of the
day half an hour after Tattoo, and saw that all fires and lights were
out, and everything quiet and regular.
To the Sergeant Major,
Regimem.
Sergeant,
Regiment.
(Sheet of foolscap, one-fifth margin.)
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AL.
To the Quarter- .Alaster;—
Required for the use of
nairicd stores •—
FORlfl 3,3.
■ Keginient.
Xc—
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Commanding Qq
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PART VIII.
r
BUGLE CALLS.
Every Regiment should have an easily distinguishecr
"Regimental Call," which precedes every call except
" Reveille," "Retreat" and "Tattoo.'
Duty Calls should be sounde 1 from the Regimental
parade ground; Calls applying to Officers only, in front of
their quarters.
The "Dress" and other Calls for Commanding Officers
parade. "Reveille," "Retreat" and "Tattoo." should
be sounded by all the Buglers ; other duty Calls bv the
Orderly Bugler with the Regimental Guard.
The " Halt " sounding annuls the last Call.
Between "Tattoo" and "Reveille" no Bugle should
sound or Drum beat, except for "Lights out" or the
purposes of alarm.
BUGLE CALLS.
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CANADIAN MILITIA MANUAL.
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INDEX.
A.
, Go
Absence, officers' leave ot ■ •■•• ••■••••
non-commissioned olliccrs' and mens leave ol ^^^^^
witliont leave ,^
Accoutrements, how arranged • ^^^^
blacking for
Adjutant, duties of ^^
Addressing; ofliccrs, manner of '^ ^^
Address of soldiers' letters •■" ^^
Armourer sergeant, duties of
Armed parties, by wliom commanded ■••••••■• _^
Arms, how arranged 78
examination of
B.
155 .
Baggage _ 10
Band master, duties of y ^„
Bandsmen, duties of ■■■■ ^^
Band, duties on parade 43
Barracks, regulations for 44
Beds, how arranged .'............... 154
Bivouac 118
Boards 139
Books, regimental i45
company j^^
individual j,^
Book, general order 139
regimental order ■ ^^^
record of officers' services
digest of services of regmient ^^^
portfolio of attestations ••••••■ ^^^
letter ''" 1^2
return _ j^2
register of furloughs ^^^
description of deserters ZZ... I43
defaulter, regimental
238
INDEX.
Book, officer's court martial
court martial ^'♦3
diary of parades ......_ ^'^'^
casualty ^44
crime ^44
hospital ^44
quarter master's ^'^"^
company order ^"^^
company roll ^45
company ledger ^'^^
company defaulter .,." ^'^^
company stores ^"^^
Bugle major, duties of !.."..".!.!! ^'^^
Buglers, duties of ^3
Bugle Calls !!.".".!!!!"!!. ^^
advance guard... ^^°
band 235
bread '^'.''^^^^^'Z ^^^
corporals' ^^^
defaulters' ^^7
disperse ^^3
dress, the ^^^
drummers'... ^^^
fall in ZZ.'....Z. "^
fatigue 2^^
first post ^^5
flank guard ''''Z'ZZZ. ^^^
general salute ^^^
guard 2^^
lightsout ^^^
meat; ^34
. 22^
non-commissioned officers' .
officers' ^^-^
officers' mess ^^^
orders ^^^
picquet ^^^ ^^^
quarter ^^^
rearguard ^^^
retreat [ ^^
reveille ^^°
221
rouse
sergeants' "^l
, ,. 226
sergeants dinner... o
22o
INDEX.
239
225
Bugle Calls, sit down ^^^
tattoo
224
vegetables
c.
, . J. 43
Camps, regulations tor ^^^
plan of '^"'^^'Z 167
kitchen
Canteens, regulations for ^^
Captains, duties of g
Captain of the day, duties of ^^^
Casualty book ■■■■ ^^6
Cells J27
Chevrons go
Choice of quarters ^g
Clothing, how arranged, in quarters ^^^
Civil courts, offences punishable by ^^
Colour s-rgeants, duties of ^^
Commanding officer, dutiesof ■" ^^^
powers ot ,,
Company organization ^^ ^^
taking over, ' ^^
designation, ^ ^^ ^5
flank, 107
orderly sergeant, duties of ^^^
corporal, duties of ^^2
cook, duties of j^j
books j^5
order book ^ j^j
roll book j^5
ledger '""' ,46
defaulter book j^g
stores book ^ J27
Complaints, 78
Compliments, general y gj
guards paying g3
sentries paying j^
Cook, sergeant, duties of ■" j^e
house orderly ■■""' hG
Courts martial 118
Courts of inquiry 144
Court martialbook 147
Correspondence, official j^o
private
i tl
11
240
INDEX.
Crying down credit 48
Crime 120
book 144
Daily routine, regimental 39
Defaulters 41
drill of 130
Defaulter book, regimental 143
company 146
Desertion 126
Deserters, description of 142
Diary of parades 144
Digest of services of aregiment 140
Discharge 37
Divine service 51
Dress, officers' 131
non-commissioned officers' and men's 134
order of, officers' 133
order of, non-commissioned officers' and men's 138
Drills 65
Drum major, duties of 13
Drummers, duties of 37
Drunkenness 123
Duties, roster of 82
on guard 86
on sentry 93
on escort 95
onpicquet 96
of police 7
of provost sergeant 97
of captain of the day 98
of subaltern of the day 99
of regimental orderly sergeant 102
of " " corporal 104
of non-commissioned officer for sick, 104
©I •• " " defaulters, 105
of " " " on gate, 105
of " " " on canteen 105
of " " " for cook house, 106
of regimer.tal orderlies 106
of company orderly sergeant, 107
of " " corporal, iii
mM
INDEX.
241
Duties, of company cooks, "2
of '' orderly men, 113
Duty roster, officers' 83
non-commissioned officers' and men's 84
company 85
E.
Encampment formation of i59
Enrolment, mude of ■ 3^
Escorts, duties of 95
F.
Feu-de-joie, firing a 77
Flank companies 35
Fire, alarmof 43
Forms ^7i
Form of attestation ^72
discharge • ^73
door card ^74
bed card ^74
address for soldiers' letters. ^75
company sick report ^/^
surgeon's daily report "^17
" weekly " ^7^
pass ^79
morning parade state ^°°
afternoon " " ^^^
field state ^^3
church parade state ^°4
iuusterroll ^^5
officers' duty roster '°"
sergeant major's roster ■^°7
duly state ^^*
company duty roster ^9*^
guard report ^92
captain of day's report '97
subaltern of day's report '9^
defaulters' list '59
gate and canteen report... 200
general absent report 2°^
regimental orderly sergeant's report 20z
c. n;cen re ort 2°i
242
INDEX.
Form of company absent report
crime report ^°'^
ration return ^°5
medical report on prisoners !"!!!!"!! -^^^
record of officers' services . ^^^
defaulter book " '' ^°^
hospital admission and discharge book ^°^
quarter master's account with militia depariment 211
regiment ...
requisition. ■*
company's account with regimental store Trt
II 1, • 1. . , . 215
individual
marching in state ^^^
Furloughs, regulations for . ^^^
62
a- .
Gateduty
General order book ..." "^
Giving military information ^^^
Great coats, how worn folded ...^ "^
Guards, dutieson ^^^
meals for ' ^^
paying compliments "^
relieving ^^
: 85
H.
Haversacks, how worn
Head-dress, how worn ^^^
Hospital Book ^35
Hospital, regulations for ^^*
■ sergeant, duties of . ^^
49
I.
Individual books
Inspection, medical, of a regiment ^'^'^ "
m II „r • 51
of prisoners
51
K.
Kitchens, camp
Knapsacks, how worn ^^'^
136
I
INDEX.
243
^
L.
Latrines 170
Leave of absence, officers' 61
non-commissioned officers' and mens' 62
Leggings, when worn ^i^
Letters, regulations for 48
Letter book ^42
Lights out, hour for 43
M.
Majors, duties of ••• ^4
Marches ^52
Meals, hours of 4^
dress for 45
Medical officers, duties of 27
Medical inspection, of regiment 5i
«« " of prisoners 5^^
Mess, officers' 53
sergeants' 5^
Military discussions, prohibition of 121
Musketry, duties of sergeant instructor "
Muster parades 7^
N.
Necessaries, for camp ^^^
Non-commissioned officers, duties of 7
promotion of °
examination of °
precedence of 9
in charge of squads, &c 16
tour of duty 84
punishment of ^"
dress ^34
orders of dress ^3^
books tor ^^7
o.
Ofifences, punishable by court martial "6
" by civil courts "9
" by c mmanding officer 120
Officers, general duties of ^7
mess 5^
244
INDEX.
Ofllcers' leave ,..., 60
manner of addressing 1 76
tour of duty * 82
duty roster 83
orderly duties 98
punishment of 122
dress 131
orders of dress 138
court martial book 143
books for 147
OflBcial correspondence 147
Orders, issue of 47
Orderly room clerk, duties of 12
Orderly sergeant, duties of regimental 102
*' " " of company 107
Orderly corporal " of regimental 104
" •• " of company m
Orderlies, duties of 106
Orderly, cook house, duties of 106
men, duties of "3
Organization, regimental 34
company 35
P.
Pay master, duties of 29
clerk, duties of 12
Parades, regulations for 65
forming 67
muster 7^
duty 72
dismissing 73
drawing swords on 74
bands on 75
Party demonstrations, forbidden 121
Passes, regulations for 62
Plan ol a camp 1^4
Plain clothes, by whom worn ^35
Picquets, duties of 9^
Pipe major, duties of i3
Pioneers, duties of 39
Pioneer sergeant, duties of X4
Pitching tents, mode of 161
Police, duties of^ 97"
INDEX.
245
Portfolio of attestations ^^^
Private soldiers, duties of 1 5
Prisoners, medical inspection of 5^
before commanding officer ^^^
pmiishment by captain "^
Private correspondence, how addressed ^5°
Provost sergeant, duties of 97
Punishment, by commanding officer ^^°
■ ' . 121
by captam
drill, description of ^^°
Q.
Quarter master, duties of ^9
sergeant, duties of
books ^^
Quarters, choice of ■•
Railway, transport by ^^7
Record of officers' services ^'^"
Registerot furloughs ^'^
Regimental organization
orderly sergeant, duties of
" corporal, duties oi ^^^
books ^^
order book ^^
Relieving guard
sentries
Retreat, hour of ^
Return book ^^
Reveille, hour of ^^
Roster of duties, officers'
non-commissioned officers' and men °+
Routine, daily in barracks or camp 39
s.
80
Salutes, officers g
non-commissioned officers'and men 7
sentries, dutiesof
paying compliments
relieving
Sergeant major, duties of
246
INDEX.
Sergeants' mess, regulations for 56
Servants, regulations for 63
Sick, going into hospital 49
coining out of hospital 50
list of, for orderly room 50
non-commissioned officers detailed for 104
Squadding, mode of 35
Staff sergeants, report to 34
Straw, regulations fbr, in camp 168
Subalterns, duties of 33
Subaltern of the day, duties of 99
T.
Tattoo, hour of 40
Tent pitching, mode of 161
Tolls, regulations for 156
Tour of duty, officers' 82
non-commissioned officers' and men 84
Transfer of men 37
of a company 32
Transport by railway, regulations for 157
by water, regulations for 158
officer, duties of 157
sergeant, duties of 157
w,
Water bottles, how worn 136
in camp regulations for 169
transport by, regulations for 15S
■=^,aO«°*
T. CLAXTON,
Importer & Dealer in
AlITARY IIaND llNSTRUMENTS
. BAND MUSIC,
Husical Instruments & Fittings of all kinds.
{»HERT MUSIC AT.IIAI.F t*UI€E,
A $i.oo Piece for 50c. and a 50c. piece for 25^.
(catalogues free).
Having an established connection with some of the largest and best
Houses in England, France and Germany, I am prepared to
accept import orders for Band Instruments and
Musical Instruments of every description.
P. S. — Send a Post Card for my Catalogue of Half-price Music,
and Thereby Save 50 Per Cent.
V. €L.AXTOI¥t 197 Von|p;e St., Toronto.
SezicL fox X^e^-acecL Xjist of ^Prices.
lattitavu Snilcrv and ©titfittev,
ALBERT HALL BUILDING,
ISl ■2"03^TC3-E3 STI^EET,
TORONTO,
A few Doors North of Queen St.
Uniforms of every description made to order according to the
Latest Regulation, and everything necessary to
an Officer's Outfit supplied at the
Shortest Notice.
TERMS STRICTLY CASH.
ALL GOODS FORWARDED C. O. D.
Willing & Williamson,
TORONTO.
Military Books a Specialty.
^
CATALOGUES FREE ON APPLICATION.
7 & 9 KING ST. E., TORONTO.
JiL..
\
SRDDLERS, HARNESS
8c TRUNK MMERS,
And Dealers in all Kinda of
lilHarii ^rconirenicnis.
Prompt attention to Orders and Enquiries
by Mail.
115 YONGE STREET, TORONTO.
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