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1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

l-  1 


?  m 


U  It? 


niiii 


SMITHSONIAN  MISCELLANEOUS  COLLECTIONS. 


256 


MOiYOGRAPIIS 


OP   TUB 


D    I     P    T     E    R    A 


Ol' 


NORTH  AMERICA. 


PART    III. 


PRBl'ARED    FOtt    THE     SMITHSONIAN    INSTITUTION 


BY 

H .     L  O  E  W 


:,..■■=?■. 


K   '••■ 


••■'       t'    t.' 


1.  ■  4'i 


■«  V -fl 


WASHINGTON: 
SMITHSONIAN    IXSTITUTION. 

I)K''EMHKU.  1S73 


■•?f! 


A  I>VK  II  T  I  SK  M  KXT, 


Mil. 


iS'; 


W-'r^l^ 


The  present  puhliciitioii  is  I'art  III  of  a  work  uiioii  the  Dip- 
Icni  of  Nurlli  Aiiicrica,  prepared  al  tlie  reipiest  of  tlie  Sinilli- 
soiiiaii  liistitiitidii,  l»y  J)r.  11.  Loew,  df  (iiil)eii,  Triissia,  well 
km>\vii  as  one  of  tliu  iiujst  eniiiiont  eultivators  of  this  branch  of 
cntoniolo};)'. 

The  first  part  of  this  series  of  nionojrraphs  was  pnlilishcd  in 
l.S(i2,  and  included  the  families  of  'I'njpdiiUv,  Hi'iomyzidiK, 
JJ/i/ii/(Iri)ii(hr,  and  Cccidomi/idiv.  The  second  i)art  appeared  in 
1S()4,  and  consisted  |)riiicipally  of  a  nionofjraph  of  tlw;  DohClio- 
])0(li(ltv.  The  fourth  part  was  issued  in  18(1!),  ciul»racing'  a 
nionograph  of  jtart  (»f  tin?  Tipitlithr. 

They  were  not  puhlislied  in  sc(iuence,  but  in  the  order  in 
which  materials  coidd  be  collected  for  their  preparation.  The 
original  manu.'-cript  of  Dr.  Loew  was  written  in  (ierman,  and 
the  Institution  is  indebted  to  IJaron  II.  Osten-Sacken  for  trans- 
latinj?  it  into  Enirlish;  and 
York,  for  revising  and  correcting  the  proof-sheets,  in  the  absence 
of  Baron  Osten-Sacken. 


Mr.  ]l.  A.  Witlhaus,  Jr..  of  New 


J  USE  I' II  llKNTxY 


WAsnixaTON',  Dec.  1873. 


Hecrciarj  ,S.  /. 


fit 

1 1 .  >■ 


•li' 


I'liir.Ani'i.piiiA : 

f  <>  I.  1.  I  X  «,     !•  11  1  VT  V.  B. 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


^    '  ',■ 


M5 


THE    FAMILY    ORTALIDiE. 

PART  FIRST.— JNTKODUCTION. 

The  EunoPKAN  ORTALiHiB  .  

Meigen's  ecmis  Ortnlis        ....... 

1.  Cliuiactfi-ri  wliiiOi   Meigen's   species  of   Ortalis  liave   ii 

cniiiinon       ........ 

2.  Species  erroneously  placed  in  the  genus  Ortalis 

The  other  European  Ortalidm      ...... 

1.  Forms  reseniMiiig  Orlnlin  himrd      .... 

2.  Forms  resemlilim;  Oilnlis  si/iii/riiesiir 

3.  Forms  reseml/ling  Or/dlis  /luliKliim 

4.  Forms  not  resembling  any  of  Jicigen's  species 

Aciphorea  not  lielonging  to  tin;  Ortaliclie    .... 
Summary  of  the  Kuropeaii  Ortaliiho  .... 

Tin;  OKTAI,in;K  OTHKR  THAN  EriMPEAN  ..... 

a.  In  Wiedemann       ........ 

h.  In  Roll.  Desvoidy  ........ 

c.  In  Mac(iuart  ........ 

<l.  In  Walker      ......... 

e.  lu  Bigot,  (lerstaecker,  Doleschall,  and  Saunders     . 

naturaii  cnaractkrs  op  thk  i'amii.y  outai.ip.h 

Relationship  of  tiik  Oktai.ih.h  ...... 

Diagnostic  ok  autikkial,  dkfimtion  ok  tiu-:  Oktaijd/t: 

(  iii  ) 


PAOK 
•  > 


S 
ill 

11 
II 

i:> 

19 
2(1 
27 

28 
30 
31 


i  ■      « 


^SK' 


i 

m 


1     •    ,i 

'  r  '' 

■    1   ,,- 

*              '1  .t.. 

1''.  i  '■ '  '' 

■ 


il;' 


^    .,.>^ 


IV 


TAUI.K   UK   (ONTENXS. 


TAUT  SECOND.— SYSTF:MATI('  DISTHIBrTION  OF 

TUK  OKTALID.::. 

Finsr  iiivfsins:  uwrhLWA'.  having  tiik  first  lon(ii- 

TUDINAL  VEIN  UlilSTl.Y  OR  HAIRY 312 

PA(iK 

FiKMT  Skction:   I'YRCOTINA  .       :W    Tiiiui.  Section:  CKPIIALINA  .       48 


SixoND   Skction:    I'LATYSTO- 
MINA  ....       30 


Fii-Tii    Sixtion:     PTKROCAL- 
LINA 58 


SECOXD  D/VrsrOX:   ORTALIDVE  HAVING  TIIK  FIRST  LON- 

(JlTrDINAL  VKIN  BAKE (J!} 

FiBST  Section  :  ULIDINA         .       W  |  Secoxd  !>kcti..n:  RICHARUINA     Ctj 


PAllT  Till  HI).— Tin-:  NOHTII  AMEUICAN 
OllTALIDJ]. 


FinsT  nivisiox:  ortalidte 

TUDINAL  VKIN  BRISTLY  OR 
First  Section  :  I'YRGOTINA  .       72 

(ieii.  I.   1'ykoota  WieJ.  .  7- 

1.  luillepuuctatfi  I.w.  J  .  73 

2.  undata  ICj.v/.  ■J, .  J       .  77 

3.  vespiTtilio  Gerst.  %       .  7i> 

4.  pterophoiina  Girst.  9  •  81 

I 
Second   Section:    PLATYSTO- 

MINA    .         .         .         .       83 


Ocii.  I.    Ampiiicnrpiies  nov. 
cell.  .         .         .         ■ 


83 


HAVING  THE  FIRST  LONGI- 
HAIRY 

4.  vaiialiilia  n.  np.  "J, 

.').  llavimaiia  ii.  sp.  "J)  •  J  . 

tj.  iiiicaiis  u.  Hp.  9   , 

7.  i>allida  ii.  sp.  %  .^ 

Gen.  IV.  Stenopterina  J/arv/. 
1.  caeinlesueiirt  n.  sp.  ■J,    . 

Gen.  V.  MisciiiPOASTER.l/dc//. 

Gen.  VI.     Myrmecomyia   /{. 

Desv 

1.  myrmecoideo  Liv.  %  .  5 


ill 
'.•2 
94 

itt; 

!»7 

118 

0!) 
It  10 


1.  peitusus  nov.  sp.  %.^  84 

Gen.  II.   IIiMRRoi-;ssA  n.  g.    .  H5 

1.  pretiosa  n.  sp.  %  .  85 

Gen.  III.   RiVELLiA  R.  De.v:  87 

1.  coiijiMicta  11.  sp.  9        •  88 

2.  viridnlans /?. />Mc.  '^  .9  88 

3.  ijiiadrifasci.'ita  Macq.  %,  9i' 


Third  Section  :  CEPHALINA  .  102 

Gen.  I.  Tritoxa  n.  g.  .         .  lt'2 

1.  flexa  Wird.  %.<^  .102 

2.  inenrva  n.  sp.  ^  .9      •  1"4 

3.  cnneata  n.  sp. 'J, .  9      .  1('7 

Gen.  I'    ('AMPTONEriiA  .l/on/.  1('8 

1.   picia  Mn,;,.  ■^.9           .  \W 


.!  r 


TAliLE   «»P   (H»NTKNT8. 


I'ADK 

(Jen.  111.   DiACRiTA  (Jrrsl.     .     Ill 
1.  tostiilis  l.ir^t.  %  .111 

12.  a'liiula  II.  Hp.  9    •         •     1 1°^ 

GhII.   IV.    Il.ANA  II.  g.    .  .      11.') 

1.  iiiurgiiiata  Say,  9  •     H-'' 

FonuTH  Sixtion:  ORTALINA       lis 

0«U.   I.    AUTOMOLA  II.   (<.  .       118 

Ot'Il.  II.    TeTAXOI'H  Fn/I.  .      Ill) 

1.  liiriili|peiiiiisii.,si).  ^  .  9      H'-* 

2.  iiitegia  n.  sp.  ^   .         .121 


Gen.  III.  Tkpiikoxota  Lw. 
1.  luuiiilis  Am'.  ^  .  9 


122 
123 


Oen.  V.  Anacampta  I.w. 
1.   latiusLulii  Lw.  ^  .  9 


TAIIK 

120 
lUO 


flen.  VI.  A  rosi'ASMii  A  n.  g.      llil 


den.  IV.  Ckkoxys  Man/.      .     \2^t 

1.  obscuricoriiis  n.sj>.  ^  .  9    12() 

2.  ouliriforiii.s  n.  Hp.  9  •  1^'> 
;?.  siniilis  11.  sp.  9  •  •  1-" 
4.  caniis  Lw.  'J, .  9    .         .128 


Si:roxr)  DIVISIOX:    ORTALID/E 
(JlTl'DINAL  VKIN  BAIiK 

FikstSkctio.n:  ULIDINA         .  H.") 

(ien.    I.    1)A!<YM1'.T0PIA  f.w.      .  145 

(ien.  II.  Okdopa  f.w.    .         .  14i) 

1.  capito  I.w.  i  .  9   •  •  ^■1'5 

Oeii.  HI.   Notookamma  I.w.  14S 
1.  stigiua  Fbr.           .         .148 

Gen.  IV.   Ei-piiaka  Am).         .  Ifiit 

(Jen.  V.   AcKosTicTA  Lie.       .  151 

Oen.  VI.   Skoptkua  h'irhi/     .  I'd 

1.  colon  f.w.  ^  .  9     •  •  I'''- 

Oen.  VII.   Ei-xRST.v  /.w        .  l.V$ 

1.  spoliata  Ln:  %     .         .  1,')4 

2.  pusio  /jr.  9          .         .  l.''i.5 
o.   nolata  W'l'd.  -t,  .  9          .  l.'-ll  1 


riKTii 

Skptiox  :     I'TKKOCAL- 
Ll.NA     . 

V.Vl 

Gen. 
1. 

I.    I'TKIioi  ALI.A   /iOiid. 
Wtligllla  II.  .-.p.   9 

V'.-l 
i;;:i 

(Jen. 
1. 
2. 

3. 
4. 

II.  Stutiickphala 
iiibciliim  11.  up.  %  .  9 
eiilpiuiii  11.  ^^p.  9 
cortiealis   Jitih,  in  litt 

h-9        •       ■ 

van  Say,  9 

1:^4 
134 

.    1:m 
.     138 

Gen 
1. 

III.    (\\I.U)PISTI!IA  n.  g 

anmilipf's  .Mar<i.  "^  .  9 

140 
141 

(Jen 
1. 

IV.   Myk.nms  A'.  l>,-si'. 

•scuti'llaris  Wiml.  1 .  9 

142 
143 

HAVING  THE  FIRST  LON 

4.  nitidiventris  n.  sp.  9 

5.  cohtalis  A'/.r.  9     . 
'.).   iiiiaternaria  l.ir.  9 

7.  Iiinotata  In    ^     . 

8.  aiiii(in.*B  l-'li\  5j  .  9 
!).   Tlioiiia'  I. If.   I  .9 

1(1.  aliiioininalis  Lie.  ■J,  .  9 

1 1.  alteriiaiis  A«'.  ^ 

12.  sliiiiiiatias  l.tr.  'J, .  9 

13.  eluta  Lw.  'J> .  9     • 

(Jen.  VIII.  Cii.KTc.psis  Lw. 

1.  ;cliea  WinL  'J,  .  9 

2.  .leLilis  Lw.  9 

Gen.  IX.   Hypoeeta  Aw. 

t.';:;'.  X.   Stenomyia  Alt'. 
1.  tenuis  Lw.  ^ 


145 

\^1 
\M 
l.V.) 
1  CO 
1(;2 
1(13 
103 

Idli 

1118 


i<:i) 
170 
172 

173 

173 
174 


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til 

tc'A 

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f 

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hir 

r-'=;' 


Ti 


TAHLK    OF   CONTENTH. 


rAftK 

(len.  XI.   Katiitttopia  JA/c/.  17r> 

1.  lUllpt'rt  il/f/c/.  J,    .  .  iTri 

2.  varipert  /.w.  V      •         .  17ti 

.Skiom)Sk( tkin:  UICIIAUDINA  177 

(inn.  I.   CoMCKi's  II.  i;.  .  177 

1.   Uigur  II.  .-p.  ^  ^  .  17b 

Oeu.  n.  RuiiAiuiiA  li.  Ihsr,  178 

(iell.    III.    CvHTu.MKTDPA  II.  g.  17!) 

(ieii.  IV.   Stk.nomacua  ii.  g.  \W 

1.  (luuiiiiii  li^yot,  ^  .?  IbO 


0«U.   VI.     KUULK.NA  U.  g. 


lb»i 


Ari'EXDIX. 


a«n. 
1. 

VII.    IllIiiTVI'A   11.   g. 

iippeiiilii'uliita    11.    Mp. 
l-?     .         .         .         . 

I*A(IK 

IMI 

I8:i 

O.n. 
1. 

VIII.  Stknkkktma  11.  g. 
luticiiuilii  II.  sp.  ^ 

1st; 
lb7 

fJell. 
1. 

IX.   r<KI.<iMKT()l'IA  Mtlrij, 

liiiimuuluta  ii.  sp.  %     , 

ISS 
iMt 

(iHII. 
1. 

X.  IIkmixa.ntiia  11.  g.  . 
Hpiiiipcs  11.  sp.  9 

T.iit 
1!)0 

(Jell 
I. 

XI.   iMkla.nolomv  11.  g. 

atliiiiri  II.  sp.  '\j 

10-2 

(ieii 

1. 

XII.  Kimpi.atea  Iav.  . 
*  rosa  l.w.  2 

l!tl 
11)4 

*        •      !  i'?. 


'i! 


■:.;.< 


>  il  • 


The    North   Ameiican   Ortalitla'  which  hav«  not   bwn  seen  by  the 

Author \'M 


Sai/.Jourii,  Aidd.Xat.  Sc.Phil. 
OrtalLs  ligata    . 

Ruli    /h'sriilili!.  ]fii(ul<iires, 

MiM-k.  Ill  I'liilailelphica     . 

Walker,  Jus    Suuiiilnsianu, 
()|•tali^:  basalU  "^  .  9 

Mac<inart,  I)l/)t.  Entt. 
lleriiia  iiiexicaiia 

Walhcr,  Lht  nf  Dipt.  etc. 
Urtalis  inassyhi  9     • 


197 


Ortalis  (?)  diopsidos  9      .     2(i(i 
Oitiilis  (.';  costalis  9  .     lidl 


1  Mdci/iKirt,  /lijil.  Exdt.  Sitjipl. 
197  Urophora  aulinaruiu 

I  Bigot,  /ftininii  (li>  In  Smira,  Hist. 
19S  I  ,//.s-.  (/.  /.  /,s/«  ,1a  Cuba. 

I  Ulidia  fulvifioiis 

199     Walker  Trans.  Ent.  Soc. 
Ortalirt  bipars   . 
!  ISi'icinuia 

191)  flexivitta  9 


201 


202 


202 
202 
203 


M. 


l! 


Index 


205 


'  I 


TAIll.K   iiF   n>NTKNT.S. 


Vll 


REVIEW  OF  TFIE  NOimi  AMERICAN 
TRY  PET  IN  A. 

I'Aiii: 

/iitidiluctioii -11 

Li^l  (if  lilt-  (li'scrilifil  speoicH     ........  1214 

l»fsci'ii)ti()ii  of  till'  ^l•tM•i('^^          ........  liM 

.Aiialytlfiil  taliU'  of  tli«  Hiualler  gctiiT.i,  mlopti'd  for  tlio  North  Aine- 

rii'.iii  Trvpi'liH     ..........  15-7 

l)i:<tiil>utioii  of  tliH    North    .Anifricaii  'I'ryju'tiu  among  th«  nilojite<l 

smaller  gunera 32i) 

CiMiiparisoii  between  the  Kurupeau  and  the  Amt'iican  fauna  of  Try- 

petina         .         .                  ........  :!:!1 

Ari'KXDIX  I. 

Critical  enumeration  of  all  the  North  Am>'rican  Trypi'tiiia  ilcsciihi'il 

by  other  Authors         .  .......     '.\?>'> 

APIM-XDIX  II. 

Di'Scriptlon    of   the   five    North    American     TriipvtidiB   containeil    in 

"Kuijeuierf  Rosa,  etc.,"  Zoolo-i,  Part  VI 34f» 


^4 


I'AilK 

Trypeta  lioi^astiT  Thorns.  34n 
femoral  is  Tlnuiix.  342 
acutangula  Thmns.   'M2 

Indrx         ...... 

l'^\r;..VNATiox  OP  the  plates 


I-AOK 

Trypeta  anrifera  Tlmms.  .     '.WW 
genalis  T/tiinis.     .     344 


:i4!) 


-  d- 


V    l.C 


P^» 


NOTE  FROM  TIIK  TRANSLATOR. 

Rpadera  of  these  "Monot,'ra])hs"  may  noti(rf  diserepancies  in  sonic  minor 
jiniiits  of  the  terminology  usctl  in  tlif  first  volume  from  that  of  the  follow- 
iiiii  ones.  A  few  words  of  explanation  are  tlierefoie  him— ssary.  The  lit-Jt 
volume  was  translatod  from  Sir.  Loew's  (Jerman  manrscript  into  iMiulish 
hy  a  (terman  friend  of  his  (see  Vol.  I.  p.  v).  Th^  second  and  tliiid 
volumes  were  translated  eitlier  hy  me.  or  under  Tiiy  supervision.  Altliouu'h 
in  all  essentials  the  terminoloiry  adopted  in  Vol.  I  was  followed,  some 
cliamips,  which  I  thtuiglit  would  he  improvements,  were  introdnceil. 
Thus,  feet  was  used  for  /c/s  ;  ovipositor,  for  hnrer ;  cro-;-ivein,  for  tnnixi-cxi' 
vi'ni  ;  arista,  for  antpiiinil  lo-ht/p  ;  thus  tr(tnxrf>rfin  xhniilil,  r  rriii  came  to  he 
Inuiieral  crossvein,  and  himlcr  fraiisrirsp  nin.  posterior  cmssvein.  etc. 
None  of  these  changes  can  give  rise  to  any  error  or  uncertainty. — <).  S. 


^% 


'    --t 


h  (I 


1»     I  'H 


Vfi.;l 


DITTERA 


or 


NORTH  AMERICA, 


1*AUT   III. 


THE   FA)1ILY  OUTALIDi!. 

I. 

INTRODUCTION. 

In  tlio  vnriety  of  fi)riiis  tlic  Orhilida'  ure  hardly  surpassed  hy 
any  other  family  of  diplera;  at  ihc  same  time,  they  are  liardly 
equalled  by  any  in  the  iniporiiinee  of  the  struetural  difl'erenees 
oeeurrinjf  anionj;  them;  hence,  they  may  he  considered  as  one 
of  the  mo,<t  interesting  families  of  the  onh  r.  Nevertheless, 
hut  little  has  hcen  done  as  yet  for  tiie  exact  definitiun  of  the 
limits  of  this  family,  as  well  as  for  its  suhdivi^iou  into  smaller 
groups. 

It  would  be  impossible,  therefore,  to  attempt  a  satisfactory 
descriplinn  of  the  North  American  species  of  Ortalida,  without 
lirst  settling  the  questions  of  the  true  limits  of  the  family,  of 
its  relationship  to  other  families,  and  of  the  characters  upon 
which  it  is  established.  It  would  also  be  in(lisi)ensable  to 
break  the  family  up  iu  subordinate  groups  and  these  groups  in 
genera. 

Of  all  these  requirements,  only  one  ha.s  been,  as  far  as  I  can 
see,  fulfilled,  and  that  is,  the  definition  of  the  limits  between 
the  Trijpetidse  and  the  Orlalidse,  which  I  have  tried  to  draw  as 
well  as  I  could,  in  the  first  volume  of  these  monographs  and  in 
niy  earlier  work  on  European  Trypetidse. 

1  (1) 


■m 


s 


R''< 


!    !,1 


?  11 


U\  i 


1  .■<, 


I'.  * 


{  '>'. 


'}m\ 


^:.Um 


iH;, 


h: ;  1- 


■1  :1i 


I 
i 


■!■•     Ill 


mi'TKHA    OI"    Nninil    AMl'.KICA. 


[ 


I'AUT   III. 


'I'liniii^li   tlio   succcssivf,   alllinii,i;li   (liscdiiiicctcd,   |)iililic;il 


H)I1S 


uf  sfViTiil  iiulliors  tlic  s_vsl«'iii;ilic  iirr;iii^riiu'iit  ol"  llic  Ortdlnln, 
like  tliat  of  sdiiif  nilicr  I'iiinilits  ol'  iliiilcia.  lias  jrraduallv  rcnclicd 
a  state  of  (■(iiit'iisiuii  wliicli  it  is  iiii|inssilil('  to  unravel  willuml  a 
(ietaileil  ami  SiPiiiew  lial  leii^-ll:y  (liseussioii.  I  may  lie  cxeiisi d, 
tliiTelore,  if  I    jirelaee   liic   (le.<cri|il  iim   nf  a  eomparatively  small 


iiiimiter  of  A  merit  an  sjieeies    li}-  an  un 


I  usually 


lung  inlrudueliiry 


er. 


eliapt 

In  order  to  point  nut  tlie  relntionsliip  of  tlie  Or/tilid.r  with 
otluT  families,  as  well  as  the  diiVerenei's  wliieli  distinu-iiisli  them, 
il  is  necessary,  first  of  all,  lo  di>eovir  ihuse  characters  whiili 
•sei'veto  deline  the  family. 

TlIK   Ml  ItoI'KAN  OUTAI.mi'E. 

The  e.\amim)tion  of  the  works  of  Meijieii,  the  founder  of 
Kvsteunilie  dipterolojiV,  will  alVord  a  solid   liii.--is  to  pmeeed  IVdm, 


at)i. 


I  will  1)eu;in  with  the  Miirupean  speide.s  wliieh  are  the  Ion 
known  and  the  hest  Invest igated. 

Tlio    inH'1eus   of  the    I'lnro'iean    ()rlti!iil;\    is  fornn-d   of  1 1 


lose 


vipecies  w  liieh  Meifreii  has  liroii<:ht  tofi'elher  in  the  !>-enns  (*/V^///s, 
a  ^I'lins  which,  in  his  aeeeptal  ion,  far  exceeded  the  limits  which 
w  are  aci'Mistonn d  to  give  to  iicnera  at  present. 

1.  Ch-.iiaeters  wliieh  Meigcn's  species  v'i  Ortalis  have  in 
common. 

I  discovered  a,  number  of  characters  which  the  species  of 
this  genus  have  in  common,  and  which  also  occur  in  many 
species  added  to  tlu;  genus  hy  sul>se(|ucnt  authors.  These  com- 
mon characters,  to  the  exclusion  of  those  which  also  belong  to 
most  of  the  neighboring  families,  nr(>  the  following: — 

Front  broad  in  both  sexes;  a  more  or  less  distinctly  developed 
snnill  callosity  runs  from  each  corner  (»f  the  vertex  down  the 
front  ;  it  bears  in  frtmt  of  the  lateral  bristle  of  tin;  vert(\\  one 
or  two  distinct  additional  brislU's  ;  beyond  this,  the  front  is  beset 
with  only  short  luiirs,  or  else  (piit<'  bnre;  it  never  has  the  second 
row  of  bristles,  nearer  the  orl>it,  which  distinguishes  all  tin; 
genera  of  Tn/prtid.r. 


!yes  bare,  even   under  a  strong  lens;  the  compound  inioro- 


(?eope  shows  only  some  sjiars*',  very  short  hair.s. 


(IHTA1.I1>.V. —  IN  rUtlD;  ("IION. 


3 


Tho  frontal  fisstiro  is  distinct,  hut  the  froiitnl  hiiuilc  is  not 
piislicd  lip  US  far  as  tlir  I'ltPiit,  so  as  to  sccni  to  form  a  part  of 
it  ;  on  tlic  C'liiti'iiiT,  it  tipp<'ars  iis  tlir  upprr  part  of  tlic  fare. 

Vilirissii',  swell  US  \\\v\  appear  in  all  tlic  jjcin'raof  Uf/(iiiii/:i(!ir, 
are  not  extant. 

Tlie  clypeiis  is  always  distinct.  Tin'  ])alpi  are  ratlicr  lirond  ; 
the  ])rol)oscis  more  or  less  stout. 

Tlie  nictalliorax  is  larger  than  usual,  very  iiineli  projcotiiif? 
interiorly  and  posteriorly. 

The  feet  short  and  strontr,  rather  than  lonj;  nii<l  slender; 
middle  tihia'  distinctly  spurred  ;  iVoiit  and  hind  tiliia'  spnrless  ; 
the  erect  bristle  extant  in  several  families  of  the  Pi/'lrra  iiralijp- 
it-ra  on  tho  upper  side  of  the  tiltia-,  near  their  end,  for  instance 
in  the  Hiii>ri)in>jzidn  and  Sriitiitijzidn ,  does  not  occur  lure  in  any 
sitecics. 

'I'he  abdomen  of  the  male  has  four  scfrtnonts,  the  first  of 
which,  like  the  lirst  scirmeiit  of  the  fiinalc  al>doinen,  is  formed 
of  two  coalescent  seirments  ;  the  diniiiintive  fifth  scij:nieiit  of  the 
male  ai)domeii  forms  the  small,  more  or  less  imlieddetj  hypopy- 
giuiii ;  the  sometimes  more  liliforin,  in  other  instances  tape-like, 
rolled  up  penis  is  of  an  extraordinary  leiiu:th. 

The  altdonicn  of  the  female  consists  of  five  sec^nients;  tin' 
sixth,  seventh,  and  eiuhtli  sc<;ments  ait>  converted  into  a  flat- 
tened, extensile  ovipositor,  the  lirst  joint  of  which  surpasses  the 
tw'o  following  ill  hreadlh  very  nincli,  and  is  oj'ien  colored  like 
the  rest  of  the  alaloineii  ;  tin;  slender  last  joint  of  the  ovipositor 
ends  in  a  Hiinple  point. 

'riio  winjrs  show  the  complete  venation  of  the  Diplcrn  (iciih/j)- 
fera;  the  auxiliary  vein  is  entirely  sep:irat<'d  from  the  lirst 
li)nfj;itii(limil  vein,  althonii'h  it  is  s(ui>ctinies  rather  nppro\iiu;iicl 
to  it;  it  ends  at  a  more  or  less  acnie  an;f|e  in  tie  ('osinl  vein, 
without  hecominjj  less  distinct  at  its  end;  the  first  lonsritudinal 
vein  is  provided  with  lirislles,  at  least  al  its  <  ud  ;  the  two  pos- 
terior basal  cells  j.re  comparatively  lartre. 

2.   Species  orroneously  placed  in  the  irenus  Otialis. 

The  agreement  of  all  the  species  |)lMced  by  Mcifren  in  ^h(^ 
peiMis  Otialis  would  have  been  complete  if  (>.  pd'cilojtcrn 
{/ulminatis  M.),  co)UH\in,  vihuniK,  and  ni/ufjeiiCHin  did  not 
siiow  dilVeronees,  which  re(|iiire  a  special  mention. 

0.  j^a'ciUiptvra  and  voinicra  dilVer  from   the  other  species  in 


;,■'■  > 


Din  ERA    OF    NOKTII    AMERICA. 


[I'Ai'.T  HI. 


m 


IV'  I  ' 


■'ifi 


■11.  '; 


,:-r;i! 


llio  ])rosonco  of  a  row  of  bristU's  on  eiu-li  side  near  (lie  orljit,  Ito- 
sides  the  bristles  common  to  all  the  Otialidii.  These  bristles 
are  a  character  so  exclusively  peculiar  to  the  Trypvlidse  that 
we  cannot  but  consider  those  two  species  as  belonging  to  tliiit 
family  (as  I  have  already  proved  it  olsewhen.).  They  cannot, 
therefore,  be  further  considt'red  here, 

Oiialia  vihranti,  the  fennile  of  which  has  only  four  segmenl.s 
on  tlie  abdomen,  approaches,  in  Ihe  absence  of  bristles  upon  the 
first  longitudinal  vein,  rulloptcra  and  the  related  genera  so 
much,  that  one  might  bo  tempted  to  place  it  among  the  Pul- 
lojiieridss;  but  there  are  other  genera  having  the  first  longitu- 
dinal vein  bare,  to  which  Ortdlis  vibrans  is  still  more  closely 
allied,  and  which,  as  I  will  have  occasion  to  show  hereafter, 
cannot  possibly  bo  separated  from  the  Oitalida.  Such  being 
the  case,  O.  vibrans  has  to  rcnuiin  in  this  family,  and  this  is 
also  justified  by  the  large  size  of  the  two  posterior  cells  in  this 
species,  which  is  a  proof  of  its  relationship  to  the  other  Orta- 
liJie.  There  is  Jio  doubt,  at  the  same  time,  that  this  species  is 
a  stranger  in  Alcigen's  genus  OrUdi>i. 

Orlalis  syngcnesise  is  also  distinguished  from  tlic  other  species 
of  Orudis  by  its  abdomen,  which  has  only  four  segments  in  the 
female ;  in  other  respects  it  is  more  related  to  them  than  0. 
vibrans;  it  is  more  closely  allied  to  the  spircies  of  the  genus 
Plali/sloma  than  to  the  other  species  of  Meigeu's  Orlalis. 

The  olher  European  Ortalidac. 

After  having  thus  disposed  of  those  species  placed  by  Mcigcn 
in  the  genus  Orlalis,  which  have  either  to  be  entirely  withdrawn 
from  the  family  of  Orlalidiv,  or  which  can  only  conditionally  be 
received  in  it,  the  next  step  to  be  taken,  in  order  to  chalk  out 
the  whole  extent  v.*"  the  family  Orlalida',  is  to  discover  such 
other  genera  as  may  likewise  possess  the  characters  common 
to  the  species  of  Orlalis.  After  this,  we  will  have  to  point 
out  such  genera  as  possess  not  all,  but  most  of  those  charac- 
ters only,  and  especially  tlie  principal  ones  ;  and  thus  wc  will 
reach  a  limit  beyond  which  only  such  genera  will  be  found, 
as,  on  account  of  important  diflercnces  from  the  species  of 
Oi'talis,  cannot  any  more  be  united  in  one  family  with  thorn. 
This  research  has  also  to  show  us  which  among  the  characters 
common  to  tlie  above  enumerated  species  oi  Orlalis  have  to  be 


'    5 


. ■•■  ■'.»•-  < III 


OUTALIIi.E — lNiUtil>LCTI(iN'.  0 

etrU'kon  out,  or  at  Itast  to  he  modified,  in  onlcr  to  leave,  as  a 
rtsidiit',  tlic  true  cliaructfis  of  tlie  faniily  Orldliilw. 

llvro  also  1  l)i'giii  with  tlio  Kuropoaii  fauna,  as  the  genera 
aud  f^pecies  coiiii)o>iiig  it  are  liy  far  the  best  known. 

The  variously  organized  groups  of  species,  within  the  genua 
Ortalix,  caeh  have,  outside  of  this  genus,  a  circle  of  relatiou- 
ship  of  their  own. 

1.   Forms  reminding  of  Ortalis  lamrd. 

If  we  ])egin  with  Orlaliti  lamed  {pulchella  Meig.),  we  are  led 
at  once  towards  Sciomy^a  bucephala  Meig.,  wiiich  Mac(piart 
has  united,  with  several  other  het(!rogeneuus  species,  in  the 
genus  Oiih's,  and  for  which  I  have  later  celablished  the  genus 
Curniocaris. 

Cormncoris  brings  us  to  Tvtariopii,  which  agrees  in  its  prin- 
cii>al  characters  with  t'onnocaris  huccjihala,  quite  erroneously 
placed  in  the  genus  Sviomyza  \)y  !Meigen.  In  this  species,  as 
well  as  in  all  the  European  species  of  2\'la)w/is  which  I  know 
of,  none  of  the  characters  are  wanting  the  presence  of  which 
distinguishes  the  genus  Or/olis. 

'Hh'  geiuis  Titanoim  again  leads  us  towards  Doryccra;  the 
remarkable  elongation  of  the  second  antennal  joint  is  a  peculiar 
character  of  most  species  of  this  genus,  a  character  not  to  be 
found  in  the  species  of  Ortalis.  However,  the  difl'erence  in  the 
length  of  this  joint  in  difTerent  species  of  Dori/cera  sufTicieiitly 
shows  that  too  much  .ystematic  stress  ought  not  to  be  laid  upon 
this  char.H'ter ;  all  the  other  characters  agreeing  with  those  of 
the  Ortalidiv,  JJorijcera  must  necessarily  be  placed  in  this 
family. 

Xe.xt  to  Dfii'yara  I  find  the  genus  Adapsilia,  founded  by 
Waga,  which,  like  most  Thirticrrir,  has  an  elongated  second  an- 
tennal joint.  It  is  distinguished  by  a  very  projecting  front, 
very  approximated  antennaj,  and  the  want  of  ocelli  ;  with  the 
species  of  Ortalis  it  agrees  in  the  characters  already  specified, 
except  that  the  first  joint  of  the  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  not 
flattened,  as  in  all  the  species  of  Ortalis,  but  capsule-sliajntl, 
swollen ;  as,  however,  in  other  respects  the  structure  of  this 
ovipositor  resemljles  [V.:\-  *"  Ortalis,  Adnjisilin  must  also  be 
added  to  the  Orfalidup.  At  the  same  time,  the  statement  crm- 
cerning  the  shape  of  the  ovipositor  of  this  family  must  be  some- 
what modified  to  be  ai»plicable  to  Adapsilia. 


1,  •.•Ai-;i4-*  W 


Il 


H'   '       I'  ii-1      ■' 

ill  '  \\-\-ii     i 


:<.ii 


6 


DII'TLUA    OF    NUUTII    AMERHW. 


[part  hi. 


I  know  of  no  other  Europoiin  genus  wliicli,  ullliuufi-li  s'.ill  niuro 
distant  from  OrluUs  in  ilie  directioa  of  Jilajtfulia,  would  nt'vcr- 
tliuless  be  admissible  into  tho  I'uniily  of  Oiialidx, 

2.   Fornitj  rondnding  of  Otialis  .sij)i(jt'm'.-iiai. 

If,  in  our  search  for  forms  related  to  Ortalis,  wc  start  from 
Oftatis  isi/iKjcnesiiii,  distinj^uished  by  its  funr-Juinted  female  abdo- 
men, the  genera  Ulidia,  Tiinia  and  i'lulijaloma  at  ouee  claim  our 
attention. 

Ulidia,  in  Meigen's  sense,  is  not  a  homogeneous  genus.  Vlidia 
dcmandata  is  too  aberrant  to  remain  in  it.  Tugether  with  seve- 
ral exotic  species  allied  to  it,  it  lia.s  to  fonn  a  sei»arate  genus  for 
which  Chrywmijza,  a  namo  already  used  by  Fallen  for  Ulidia 
demandata,  may  be  applied. 

Tiinia  opiralia,  described  by  ^Feigen,  is  nothing  but  an  UUdin, 
and  must  be  referred  to  this  genus;  the  diU'erences  which  appear 
in  Meigeu's  statements  and  his  ligures  do  not  e.vist  in  nature. 

Timia  eri/IIiruccpJiala,  upon  which  Wiedemann,  in  the  .,-I/m- 
lecta,  has  founded  the  genus  limia,  dill'ers  from  Ulidia  oidy  in 
its  extreme  glubrousness,  its  swollen  head,  much  more  project- 
ing beyond  the  eyes  in  profde,  and  perhaps  also  the  somewhat 
less  developed  clypeus ;  in  all  the  other  important  characters 
both  genera  agree. 

In  all  the  species  hitherto  placed  in  the  genera  Timia  and 
Ulidia,  and  consecpiently  also  in  the  sitecies  of  Chryi^omyza,  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  is  bare.  In  all  other  respects,  these  spcr 
eies  share  all  the  characters  common  to  the  species  of  Orlalis,  so 
that,  in  my  o[)inion,  their  position  among  the  Oiialidw  cannot 
well  be  disputed,  uidess  we  separate  from  thi.s  fauuly  all  the  spe- 
cies tho  first  longitudinal  vein  of  which  is  bare.  Nevertheless, 
tho  relationship  between  tho  species  of  Ulidia,  Timia,  and  Chry- 
mmyza  to  Orlalis  symjencsise  cannot  be  considered  as  unusually 
close,  beeau.se  they  diller  from  it,  not  only  in  the  bareness  of  the 
fi'.'st  longitudinal  vein,  but  also  in  the  presence  of  a  fifth,  very 
much  abbreviated,  segment  of  the  female  abdomen. 

A  genus  agreeing  with  them  in  the  bareness  of  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein,  and  most  closely  related  to  them,  is  the  genus  Em- 
jyycloccra,  introduced  by  me. 

The  genus  Lonchsca  also  seems  related  to  Ulidia;  I  will, 
therefore,  iu  the  serpiel,  explain  its  systematic  location. 

The  species  of  Platyt'oma  diller  somewhat  from  Ortalism  the 


OttTALlb.E — LNTUODUCTION.  7 

shape  of  the  ovipositor:  its  first  joint  is  smaller,  narrower,  and 
somewhat  less  flattened;  generally  also  more  withdrawn  in  the 
lust  ubduininiil  segment.  The  hypopyjrium,  f(jrmed  by  the  uj)per 
halt'  of  the  fifth  ubdouiinal  scirnifiit,  is  unusually  snuill  ;  whether 
the  peni?.  has  the  shape  of  an  unntijcd  tape  or  thread  I  cannot 
aseertain  at  present,  as  I  have  no  fresli  specimens  at  hand,  but  I 
have  every  reason  to  suppose  that  such  is  the  case,  as  the  female 
ovipositor,  in  its  structure,  is  al^solutely  analogous  to  that  of  the 
species  of  Oiittlis.  The  agreement  of  all  other  characters  com- 
pels us  to  admit  J'laliju/dnia  among  the  Orlolidse;  and  this  genus 
really  siiows,  in  the  four-j(jinted  abdonien  of  the  female,  the  ab- 
sence of  bristles  on  the  pleura?  and  vn  analogous  structure  of 
the  mouth,  a  close  relationship  to  Ortaiis  sj/mjenesise. 

I  know  of  no  other  European  goiicra  which,  in  following  the 
came  direction  of  relationship,  might  be  still  more  distant  from 
Orudis  than  the  species  of  ]'luti/.-i/i)wn.  are,  and  which,  neverthe- 
less, would  show  a  suflicient  agreement  with  the  Orlaliilie  to 
be  placed  among  them.  I,  therefore,  hold  riatynfovio.  to  be  one 
the  more  distant  genera,  placed  on  the  extreme  limit  of  the 
family. 

3.   Forms  reminding  of  Orlnlis  jxiludvm. 

Species  like  Ortaiis  jmlinhim,  luvtuofa,  and  others  of  the 
same  group,  remind  of  the  genera  Psairoiitera  and  Cci>hulia. 

The  comparatively  low  head,  the  transversely  oval  eyes,  and 
the  small  development  of  the  clypeus  give  rsairoplcra  a  very 
])eculiar  appearance;  novertlu'less  in  :ll  the  other  important 
characters  it  agrees  with  the  si)ecies  of  Ortaiis  so  well,  that  its 
l)osilion  among  the  Orlalida  cannot  be  disputed,  although  its 
precise  location  within  this  family  may  not  be  very  easy  to  de- 
termine. The  ralationshij)  of  P^niroi'tera  with  the  above-named 
species  of  Ortaiis,  far  from  being  a  close  one,  can  rather  be  called 
distant. 

In  Cephalia  I  cannot  discover  a  single  character  which  would 
justify  its  separation  from  the  Ortalidiv.  To  place  this  genus 
among  the  St'psidse  seems  to  mo  utterly  inii)racticable,  as  the 
distinctive  character  of  the  latter  family,  the  rudimentary  struc- 
ture of  the  jialpi,  must  be  maintained,  unless  we  render  the  limits 
of  the  family  altogether  doulttful.  ^Moreover,  CephalinWocs  not 
show  any  vestige  of  vibris,-ie  which  the  Scjitfidw  possess,  and 
more  than  all,  the  structure  uf  the  ovipositor  of  Cephalia  is  like 


^'•-1.^1; 


•  •  •     j.iUi 

'"...■  ■'•U..M 


'    '   <i.' yjl 


■■'■■■         :  •■  .-Mal'.i,;'' 


•♦■J*?,  ^>'' 


^m 


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[I'-i 


i;  :  ri 


rii 


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M 


tl 


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L  ! 


I. 


I'i! 


8 


DirXERA   OF    XORTII    AMERICA. 


[part  TII. 


thnt  of  tlie  Ortalidee,  niul  not  like  that  of  tlie  Scjmdiv.  C'l'i'/m- 
lia  is  more  closely  related  to  the  abuve-iiuniod  (•[tefit'S  of  (Jiialis 
than  F.tuiroplera. 

4.   Forms  not  rescniblinp:  any  of  Moipon's  species. 

A  fly  which  iio.ssesses  all  the  essential  cliaraet'Ts  of  the  species 
of  Oiialis,  and  undouhtedly  beloiijrs  to  the  Orlali(l,v,  is  the 
ticatophaya  fascialu  of  Fabrieius,  erroneously  i»laeed  l)y  ^Meijicn 
in  tlie  genus  Tryprta.  The  Musva  oc(u]na}ctala  of  Coquebert, 
Dec.  III.,  Tab.  XXIV.,  is  proljiil)ly  identical  with  it.  The  cir- 
cumstance that  there  is  no  other  European  Ortalida  resemblinjr 
this  species  probul)ly  caused  Mei<reii  to  overlook  its  true  rela- 
tionship. Similar  forms  are  more  fre(iuent  in  other  parts  of  the 
world,  especially  in  America.  Anionu;  them  I  will  name  Didyn 
ocellata  Fain*.,  OrUrlis  rau  Siiy,  and  rinh/.^foma  annidijiets 
Maeq.,  which,  by  the  way,  i,s  no  I'luAydunia  at  all. 

Aci2)1wrca  not  heJoiigincj  to  the  Ortalid^h. 

That  group  of  genera  which,  on  account  of  its  peculiar,  three- 
jointed,  horny  ovipositor,  ending  in  a  simple  point,  has  been  called, 
and  not  improperly,  i-'Z/^/rJo  ftr/^///c»/vY«,  is  represented  in  Europe, 
besides  the  Tnjix'liduc-  and  those  genera  which,  on  the  ]>rcceding 
pages,  I  have  claimed  fur  the  Ortalidse,  only  by  Lonchsea,  with 
the  genus  Earumyia,  separated  fnnn  it  by  Zetter.stedt,  and  by 
J'uU(j])tvra  and  Tojoncura.  As  it  would  be  useless  to  look  for 
Ortdlidit  outside  of  the  I)i}itf?'a  arijihorea,  it  remains  for  us  at 
l)rcsent  to  deiinc  the  position  of  those  genera  with  regard  to  the 
OrtaJidse. 

The  number  and  position  of  the  frontal  bristles,  the  distinct- 
ness of  the  clypeus.  the  absence  of  vibrissa,  and  the  want  of 
the  cliaracteristic  bristle  on  the  upper  side  of  the  tibia,  before 
its  end,  which  is  distinctive  of  several  families,  the  spurred  middle 
tibia,  the  spurless  front  and  liind  tibia),  as  well  as  the  com- 
pleteness of  the  venation,  olearly  prove  the  close  relationship  of 
these  genera  with  Oiialis.  They  are  less  closely  allied  to  the 
I'riipdidse,  from  which  they  dilVer  in  the  arrangement  of  the 
frontal  bristles  and  in  the  course  of  the  au.\iliary  vein.  All  four 
differ  from  all  the  genera,  the  location  of  which  among  the  Orta- 
lidic  I  have  proved  in  the  j)receding  discussion,  by  a  much 
smaller  size  of  the  two  posterior,  usually  called  small,  basal  cells 


(.lUTALlD^E — INTROltUCTIOV. 


9 


of  the  wii)<rs,  mid  nil  lour  niirco  niuoiif?  tln-'iiiselvt's  in  the  iil)- 
si'iice  of  bristk'S  on  tljo  first  lonfiitudinul  vein,  unci  this  oluiract.r 
llicy  siiare  with  some  of  tiie  {rcncni  i)lacod  anioiij;:  tlio  Ortaliii'ie. 

Tiic  ^i.^uv\'iil'allup(rfa  and  'J'ujuiici'ru  possess  moreover  anotiiei" 
fitriidng  ehnraeter,  whieh  occurs  also  among  some  few  of  tiio 
•rencra  of  OrtnUilre,  but  in  none  to  tliat  marked  extent;  they  have, 
upon  the  middle  of  the  otherwise  t^hort-pilose,  thoracic  dorsum,  as 
far  as  its  anterior  part,  a  series  of  binary  bristles,  distinguislied 
by  their  length,  stoutness,  and  regular  arranficnient.  The  dif- 
ference in  the  venation  already  spoken  of,  together  with  tliirf 
marked  peculiarity  in  the  arrangement  of  the  bristles  of  tho 
thorax,  seem  to  afford  suffieient  ground  for  excluding  those  two 
genera  from  the  family  Ortalidtr.  I  consider  them  as  tho 
nucleus  of  a  separate  family,  whieh  I  call  VaUoiiteridiv. 

The  syslematic  position  of  LomJ-ia  is  more  dillicult  to  de- 
cide upon  than  that  of  PaUoptvra  and  Toxoncuro  "While  the 
venation  of  Lonchna  closely  approaches  these  two  genera,  the 
position  of  the  bristles  on  its  thorax  is  more  like  that  of  many  Orta- 
lidse,  as  there  are  no  stronger  bristles  on  the  thoracic  dorsum, 
anterior  to  the  suture  ;  this  genus  stands  therefore  nearer  to  the 
undc'ibted  Orlolidte  than  P(illoj)lera  or  Tojrorieiira.  Against 
its  being  unit(!d  with  the  Ortalida'  mny  be  urged  (not  to  men- 
tion the  sniallness  of  the  two  posterior  'I'sal  cells),  not  so  much 
those  characters  which  are  common  to  all  Lonrhnn-.  as  a  number 
of  peculiarities,  which  do  not  occur  among  the  0)-talid.T,  and 
which  distinguish  difl'erent  species  (jf  Lonchfio,  and  are  (piite 
proper  to  form  the  basis  of  a  sulidivision  of  this  widespread 
and  rather  immerous  genus.  As  such  characters  I  consider  the 
long  and  strong  hairs  ui)ou  the  whole  body  of  some  species,  tho 
long  and  dense  pubescence  of  the  eyes  of  others,  the  partial 
coalescence  of  the  auxiliary  vein  with  the  first  longiuidinal  in 
several,  and  finally  the  circumstance  that  in  the  fenuiles  of 
some  species  the  sixth  aljdominal  segment  does  not  take  part 
in  the  formation  of  the  ovijiositor  quite  in  tho  same  manner  as 
among  the  Orfalidse.  I  am  afraid  that  the  Orlnh'dn^  as  a 
family,  would  lose  too  many  of  their  well-defined  characters,  if, 
in  order  to  accommodiite  Lonchna  among  them,  we  undertook 
to  modify  these  characters  in  accordance  with  the  aliove  imn- 
tioned   peculiarities   of  the  latter  genus.      The  nature   of  tho 


;■■('  " 

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.  • 

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■  ■.•■;..  t'v 

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10 


DlPTiCUA   OF    NOUTII    AMERICA. 


[I'AIIT  III. 


vi-natioii  of  the  wings  having  proved,  in  bo  many  cases,  to  bo  tho 
nid.il  truslvvorliiy  ehuraclcr  for  the  distinction  of  the  families  of 
dipteru,  we  have  to  take  care  not  to  ullaeh  too  little  importance 
to  the  sinalliies.s  of  the  posterior  basal  cells  in  Lonr/iuu,  cells 
wliieli,  in  the  OrluLidn,  always  are  of  a  considerable  size.  These 
reasons  induce  me  to  exclude  L'^/jcAw a  from  among  the  OHuliihv. 
Those  entoniologi.'^ts  who  take  the  European  fauna  alone  in  con- 
sideration, will,  1  liave  no  doul)t,  justify  this  course,  as  that 
luuiia  does  not  contain  any  intermediate  forms  between  Luiuhaa 
and  the  genera  of  Ortaluhr,  but  1  ant  not  (juite  as  sure  of  the 
approbation  of  those  who  have  a  wide  ae(piaintaneo  with  the 
diptera  from  all  parts  of  the  world,  because,  among  the  number, 
forms  ticcur  which  seem  to  be  intermediate  between  Loncliaa 
and  the  genera  of  Orialidve  allied  to  C/7iflfia,  and  it  is  i)ossiblo 
that  the  discovery  of  a  large  numl)er  «jf  such  forms  may,  at  some 
future  time,  render  the  exclusion  of  Lonchaa  from  the  Oiialidiv 
less  plausilile  than  it  appears  to  me  now.  In  the  first  volume 
of  these  monographs,  I  placed  this  genus  in  the  family  of  the 
J'allopteriihx'  and  considered  it  as  the  typical  genns  of  a  second 
group  in  this  family.  "Whether  this  arrangement,  which  I  for 
the  present  retain,  is  satisfactory,  or  whether  it  woidd  not  be 
better  to  take  Lovvhna  as  the  typical  genus  of  a  separate,  small 
family,  interm:  diate  between  the  rano/ilm'dw  and  the  Ortulldn', 
is  beyctnd  the  scope  of  the  present  discussion,  and  may,  there- 
fore, be  left  for  future  investigation. 

The  genus  Earomyia  is  so  near  Loni'hfra,  that,  with  regard 
to  its  .systematic  position,  whatever  I  said  of  the  latter  may  be 
applied  to  the  former. 

Summary  of  the  European  Ortalidse. 

From  what  precedes  may  be  deduced  the  following  list  of 
genera  and  species  of  European  diptera,  whi'h  1  jdace  in  the 
family  of  Ortalidie:  all  the  species  of  Ortalis,  in  Meigen's 
sense,  with  the  exception  of  O.  pa'cHoptera  and  coniicva ; 
Sciomijza  bucephala ;  the  genera  Ada2)xiUa,  Dori/fVfa,  Tela- 
7iop)<,  Psairoplera,  CepJuiIia,  PhityHtoma,  Timia,  Ulidia,  Chrij- 
somyza,  Empyelocera,  and,  Anally,  Tri/j/eta/aticiala. 


I 


ORTALID^E — INTRODUCTION. 


The  OiiTALiu^K  otiieu  than  EuuoI'ean. 


11 


I  will  now  try  to  lind  llio  gfii-  ni  and  Kpecii'.s  IVuiii  oiliir  [liiits 
of  llie  world  thuii  Kurui>f,  whitii  must  be  j)lucod  iu  the  luniily 
OrluliUu;. 

(a.)  Id  While  man  a. 

I  b»'f;in  by  llio  Orlolii/ic  cuiituiii'jd  in  WitMk'iniiiiii's  writiiitr?!. 
iJi'ftiek'.s  liis  fj"  "fit's  of  tiin  gciiiis  (Jrlalis,  against  the  iofutimi  uf 
two  of  which,  however,  I  will  have  to  raise  Home  doul)tH,  and  l)o- 
sides  his  Tiniia  <rijtliro<ep/iala,  which  occurs  in  the  suntlua.^t  of" 
Europe  and  iu  the  neifihboring  provinces  of  Asia,  the  species  of 
Vijilidlia  described  by  him  undoulttedly  belong  to  the  Orlaluhf. 
They  dill'er  somewhat  fnjm  the  luiropean  t'cp/Kilia  rnji/irs,  and 
belong  in  the  rehuionshii)  of  those  species  which  Kol).  Dcsvoidy 
distributed  among  his  genera  Pulishjiloi  and  Jfi/nihcoini/in : 
^Ir.  ^Macquart  has  established  for  Ihem  the  genus  Mii/nxjii.-^/i'r 
(better  Mit^vhorjadcr),  which  coincides  with  the  genus  Coimi)- 
sidcn,  introduced  by  him  at  a  later  time. 

The  two  Ortalis  of  Wiedemann,  the  systematic  position  of 
which  .seems  doubtful  to  me,  are  Orialis  trifanLUtla  and  att,. 
mariii,  both  from  Urazil,  both  closely  related  to  each  other,  and 
somewhat  reminding,  in  their  general  appearance,  of  Uiilmnlui 
and  Iilifipalonwra.  IJolh  havo  an  erect  bristle  bi'fore  the  end  of 
the  tibia;,  which  I  cannot  take  for  anything  else  but  the  pneapi- 
cul  bristle,  wanting  in  all  the  Ortalidne.  Considering  the  ini[)or- 
tance  which  the  ])resence  or  absence  of  this  Ijrislle  has  in  the 
classification  of  all  the  JJiplera  ardh/plira,  I  wonlil  Ijc  very 
much  inclined  to  exclude  both  of  those  species  from  the  family 
Ortdlidit,  if  i  could  assign  them  a  fitting  jdace  in  some  other 
fuMiilv.  The  structure  of  the  oviixjsitor  clearlv  proves  that  thcv 
belong  in  the  circle  of  the  Diptcra  acipliorea,  but  even  in  this 
wider  circle  the  existence  of  their,  however  weak,  pra'apical  bris- 
tle assigns  them  a  rather  isolated  position.  The  venation  iind 
the  position  of  the  frontal  bristles,  in  which  tin  y  agree  with  the 
Orlalidtr,  do  not  allow  their  introduction  among  thr  Trijpeluht. 
TIk'v  have  still  less  connection  with  the  Palloplcridiv.  Hence, 
nothing  remains  to  be  done,  as  it  seems,  but  to  tolerate  them  in 
the  family  Ortalidte,  however  unwelcome  they  may  be  among 
them,  as,  iu  consequence  of  their  appearance,  the  abseucu  of  a 


^:"%^ 

im 

••'■■  VMS 
.-■--■""J 

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nvK 


IF. 


im 


,.;  A[ 


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M% 


1: 


DII'TEIIA   OP   N(»UTII   AMKKICA. 


[I'AKT  III. 


jiiii'iipii'iil  l)ristlt!  t'L'usct)  to  be  uii  undoubted  disthictivo  clmnicicr 
ol  llir  Urldtiilie.  Tliut  tlicso  two  sfn^eii-s,  to  which  suviTiil  uii- 
(Ifhcriljed  South  Auicricuu  fonus  hiivi;  to  l)c  added,  uio  to  tbnu 
ihc  iiut'lfus  ol'  u  now  goiius  ia  beyond  ijui'stion.  1  propose  for 
it  ilu!  nunii!  of  Aiiloinula. 

^^■||L'lhl■l•  the  two  species  of  I<',ibricii,<H,  which  "Wiedeinnnn 
fpiotu.s  uniong  tlio  species  of  Ulidia,  renlly  I'donpr  to  tliis  genus 
cannot  be  decided  \vith(jut  soeiiij?  the  (»riffinal  specimens;  but  I 
have  no  doultt  tlnit  they  bi-ioii}^  to  th(!  (JHahdn.  J  wouhi  sup- 
jinso  tluit  L'lidia  Kti(jnia  belonfjed  to  the  gerus  Noloiji'mnma,  and 
tlmt  CUdia  anca  is  a  ChnjHoinyza. 

AViodemann's  penus  J't/rr/ofn,  with  which  Oxycrphala,  Ma('(|. 
is  absolutely  identical,  shows  all  tlio  characters  of  the  Ortnlidn. 
It  is  closely  allied  to  Addjisilia,  the  only  diircrence  being  that 
tlie  antennal  fove;e  arc  shorter,  while  in  Adapmlia  they  are 
parallel,  and  run  down  to  the  edge  of  the  mouth;  but,  as  in  dif- 
forent  species  of  Pi/njofa  these  foveie  vary  in  lengtl),  this  dill'ir- 
encc  has  so  little  importance  that  J<lai>silia  might,  without  any 
inconvenience,  i)e  united  with  Pi/rr/ota. 

The  genus  iJai-Ufi,  in  Wiedemann's  writings,  is  a  mixture  of 
many  very  dillerent  forms  of  diptera,  most  of  which  are  (jiin- 
lidte  and  two  species  are  Trypclidix.  Two  of  tin;  species  of 
which  Wiedemann  formed  the  first  section  of  the  genus  Davun, 
form  now,  together  with  other  species  added  since,  the  genus 
Stenoptcrina,  which  Macipmrt  established  under  the  name  of 
Henojitcrina,  and  which  he  placed  quite  correctly  among  the 
Ortalid/v.  The  Dochh  Jlavicornix,  placed  by  Wiedemann  in  the 
first  division  as  a  third  species,  has  a  certain  general  resemi)lan('e 
to  the  two  former  species ;  it  dilVers,  however,  in  the  bareness  of 
the  first  hMigitudinal  vein  and  in  several  other  characters,  tuo 
much  to  bo  united  in  the  same  genus  with  them  ;  nevertheless, 
this  speci<'s,  os  well  as  the  two  others,  belong  to  the  Ortalidn. 
Among  the  species  of  Wiedemai  ii's  second  division  of  ])ains 
1).  sxifcinctus  must  be  referred  to  the  Orfalidse;  it  belongs  in 
the  immediate  relationship  of  O.  si/vr/evefiiflp.  Dacna  hiatJor 
likewise  belongs  to  the  OrfaJidrc.  The  remaining  Dacus  of 
Wiedemann's  second  division  are  Trijpotidn  :  some  of  tliein 
belong  to  the  goniis  Tn/pcfn,  if  we  take  it  in  the  wider  sense  of 
Meigen  and  Wiedemann  ;  for  instance,  Dncus  ixjraUelm,  fra- 


Mi  i 


'  t. 


ORTALID/R — INTKOrtlTTIO.V. 


13 


ti  rculus,  t^ir/irnliiiiix ;  tlii'  ffrcnlcsl  pari  of  tin-  ic-itliic  iir*'  >|ti'fios 
wliicli  niiiy  Itf  Iflt  in  llic  ;;t'iiiis  Pucks. 

On  tli(!  utlior  IuiihI,  WiLMlciiiunii  lias  jiliiccd  in  Ih;*  jrciin.s  T>'!/- 
ju'ta  H(!V('ml  si>fci('s  wliicli  do  not  Itcloni,'  to  tlic  'Jri/inlidn  til 
uU  ami  liave  all  the  charactns  of  lliv  Orinlitln.  Such  ,«>|>ct'i('s 
aro :  Tri/iiefa  ocrllala,  uliirh  Miictniart  di'scriltcil  again  ns  u 
Huppo.scd  now  spt'('i(!S,  nndcr  I  Ik;  name  of  I'ldtijslomn  nnlhilft, 
ninl  npoii  wliich  liomlani  ostalilisht-d  later  the  goiiu.s  yVcrofa/Za; 
Trjiin'ta  ohsciirn,  wliieh  is  very  eh)sely  allied  to  the  former,  and 
whieh  Maecjuart  very  improperly  plaeeil  in  the  jronns  Caniplo- 
vt'urn,  while  its  place  is  in  the  genus  PlcrncnUa,  next  to  P. 
occllnfa;'  moreover  Trijjx'ln  })ir/n,  the  typical  specitjs  of  the 
Orlalideous  genus  (Jamplonfuva :  Tnipda  Jlvwa,  which  may  ho 
jdftced  in  the  genus  J/isclKJi/anlcr ;  Tri/jw'a  In'mucttlnln,  rede- 
serilted  l)y  Muecpiart  as  iUi'hnnvlopia  fi'.rrtKjiiua ;  Tn/}iclo  <•>/- 
aiiufjaster,  basilariH,  t^rulcllariK,  and  perhaps  several  others 
among  Wiedemann's  Tri/j)da;,  which  I  have  not  Lad  the  occa- 
sion to  coujparo. 

Those  species  whieli  Wiedemann  placed  in  the  genus  Ptnh/- 
stoma,  with  the  exception  of  his  PUilyxtoma  decora,  reidly  belong 
to  that  genus,  and  conse(juciitly  to  the  OrUdidw.  J'ldt^/slohta 
decora,  which  induced  Macquart  to  establish  the  genus  Loxo- 
neura,  is  also  to  be  placed  among  the  Ortalidfr. 

Tetannps  iiattr/itinicrjM  was  described  by  Wiedemann  from  a 
specimen  of  the  Uerlia  Museum  :  1  have  seen  this  species,  unless 
my  memory  deceives  me,  not  in  the  Ijerlin  Museum,  but  in  Wicde- 
ninnn's  collection.  I  found  tiiat  in  the  struct nre  of  the  head 
and  in  the  venation  it  does  not  sulliciently  agree  with  the  Kuro- 
pean  species  of  TetaDops  to  be  left  in  the  same  genus  with  them, 
but,  at  the  same  time,  that  it  undoubtedly  belongs  to  the  family 
of  the  Ortalidse.  I  am  sure  that  the  JJtchrumijia  bvaailicnxis 
of  Rob.  Desvoidy,  described  as  the  type  of  the  new  genus  DU 
chromi/ia,  is  the  same  species. 

The  Scatophaga  binpinosa  Fab.,  placed  by  Wiedemann  in  the 
genus  Telanocera,  dilfers  from  the  other  Orlalidw  in  the  vina- 
tiou  as  well  as  in  the  shape  of  the  scutellum  very  much,  but 
nevertheless,  judging  from  Wiedemann's  statements,  and  espe- 
cially from  his  figure,  it  undoubtedly  belongs  in  that  family, 
where  Macquart  also  places  it  in  establishing  for  it  the  genus 
Kotacanthina.     Should    we  judge,    however,    from    Maequarfd 


'iv^I 


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DIPTKUA    (IP    NOIITII    AMKIIICA. 


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viir  III. 


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'•1 


S:  '4' '"!: 


U'» 


IlK 


M'l-. 


pjiil!;:: 


I  ii 


liL'iiro  (in  the  Dipli'iv^  Kx(»ti(|iiivs,  II.,  ;j,  Tult.  xxviii..  lig.  sj,  wo 
wuiild  iiul  pliico  it  ninoiij^  \Ur  (/rhitul.T,  n<,  it  hIkiw.s  »li.-.i  imtly 
simrn-ij  fri»iit  mid  liind  tiliiii;  ;  tlic^c  spurs,  liowcvrr,  as  \v<H  as 
many  ollur  fhinirs  in  .Macqiiari'.s  li;fiirfs,  are  pnilialdy  pruduc* 
lions  of  the  draii^litsiiian's  faiii-y.  In  tlio  most  slovenly  lifriiro 
of  the  saine  species  in  Maetpiart's  Siiifas  a  ISuJ/'tni,  no  >n('h 
Hpnrs  are  to  In;  loiind. 

That  Diii'iis  piKlnijrintH  Fab.,  |)hi('ed  l>y  Wiedemann  in  Cur- 
thjUtra,  does  not  Im-Ioii};;  to  that  ^renus,  nor  to  the  Cunli/luriilfe 
in  fi^eneral,  iias  lieen  reeofjni/cd  Ioiij;  njrn.  For  this  speeies,  ns 
vvell  as  for  similar  ones,  the  peniis  Ific/inntia  lias  l)ec'ii  estab- 
lished by  Hob.  Hesvoidy  in  the  fiiinily  of  the  Ortalid/e. 

'['he  systematic  location  of  IHiti/ii  cjicrna  Fab.  cannot  well 
1m  ascertained,  o'.vinj?  to  the  insiiineicnt  statementa  of  Fabricius 
as  well  as  of  Wiedemann;  the  latter  an;  in  an  insoluble  contra- 
diction to  Wiedeinann's  li;rnre  in  what  rejjai'ds  the  shape  of 
tli((  head  and  the  picture  on  the  thorax;  jiidfring  by  the  fiL'nre, 
it  would  seem  that  the  fly  does  nut  belong  to  the  Diplura  nruli/p. 
Icra  at  all. 

The  goinis  Ifhn]>nlnmrrn,  Wied.  seem.s  to  liavcbcon  by  all  later 
authors  uiihesitaliiitrly  referred  to  the  Ortalltltv.  I  look  upon 
this  decision  as  far  from  uiiol)jeetionaliIe,  but  can  very  well  mti- 
eeive  that  a  certain  resenil)lance  in  the  shape  of  the  head  l>e- 
Iween  tlie  species  of  l{liO]>alnmrrn  and  J'ld/ijxfoina  (witli  the 
jreiiera  allied  to  it),  may  easily  have  <riven  rise  to  such  an 
opinion.  The  species  of  J}lit>/>(iln))ifrfi  diifer  in  a  strikiiii;  man- 
ner from  all  tlio  Ortnliibv  in  the  strneturo  of  the  hypopyirium  of 
the  male,  whilo  in  this  respect,  ihey  show  a  most  decided  leaning 
towards  the  S'ljiromyzidiv,  t>cinw'/:i(1rt',  and  the  families  iiinne- 
diately  connected  with  them.  The  females  are  not  i)rovi(l'.'d  with 
a  borer-liko  ovipositor,  composed  of  elongated,  retractile  joints; 
the  metanotum  is  but  very  little  developed,  less  than  usual 
among  the  Ortalid-r;  the  front  and  middle  tibite  have,  on  the 
upper  side,  before  their  end.  an  erect  l)ristle;  upon  the  upper  side 
of  the  hind  tibiie,  this  bristle,  in  most  specie's,  is  not  distinctly 
visible  among  the  general  i)iIosity  of  the  tibia;  nevertheless,  it 
is  ea.sily  recognizable  in  sonic  species,  for  instance  Rhopalotnera 
2)leuropnnctala  Wicd.  Such  are  the  characters  which,  in  my 
opinion,  not  only  render  the  location  of  lihopaJomoi'n  aiMong 
the    Orfali(Jae   doubtful,    but    even    impossible.     If,   among   the 


J 


ORTALin.T! — INTIlOPUCTrOV. 


15 


(liptcra  I  nm  aoquuintod  witli,  I  look  for  the  immeduiti!  cuniipc- 
lions  of  JlhojKilnmera,  I  liiul  tlu-iii  iniiiiistiikul)ly  uiiinh^;  tlio 
South  AlVii'tin  Hpccics  of  the  f^i'iius  CcntrithiH,  tTftMrtl  liy  inc. 
IJofitre  all,  the  strikhig  slnicturo  of  the  head,  niiiindiiiif  partly 
of  somo  j^i'iicra  of  Ei>hij(lniiii(it ,  i»arlly  of  thu  Ihlnlitl/t,  is  very 
imicii  alike  in  both  genera;  this  nsemhlaiico  extends  to  the 
mode  of  pilosity  of  the  face,  the  shape  of  the  antenna',  and  the 
feathery  pulte.seenec  of  the  arista.  Moreover,  the  sniall  develop- 
uient  of  the  nietanotuni,  the  .shape  of  the  hypopyu'iliin,  and  the 
Htriietiire  of  the  last  segments  of  tlie  fenuile  al)don)en  are  very 
miicii  alike.  Now,  ns  the  genns  Crutro/Kx,  thnmjjrh  the  inter- 
mediate stepH  of  Pronniy>mi/ia  and  I'/njttogruia,  npproaehes 
the  family  of  the  Sapromijzithe  very  elosely,  I  do  not  find 
any  serious  ohjeetion  to  plaeing  Jlhoiialunwrn  in  the  naine 
family.  That  Jihoiialomirn  is  one  of  the  extreme  periera  of  the 
family  cannot  be  doubtful  ;  the  size  of  the  two  posterior  bnsal 
cell.s  esi»eeially  distinguishes  it  from  all  the  other  generij  of 
Snpromijzidae  in  a  very  striking  manner,  and  conncets  it  with 
the  Sciomi/zvlie ;  for  this  reason  it  would  be  also  possible,  l)y 
slightly  modifying  tiic  delinition  of  the  boundary  between  those 
two  families,  to  place  lihupalouirra  among  the  Si-iitmijziilte. 
Those  who  will  not  share  either  of  these  two  views,  and  |»rc- 
fer  to  place  among  the  Ortalidse  a  genus  which  is  far  apart  from 
all  the  Diptrra  aciphorea  in  the  structure  of  the  ovi|)ositor,  may 
locate  Uhopalovxera  in  the  vieiidty  of  RiihnrtUa,  on  account  of 
the  bareness  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  the  rounded  end  of 
the  posterior  basal  coll,  and  the  spines  on  the  femora. 

Thus,  the  following  diptera,  described  in  Wiedenmnn's  works, 
belong  to  the  OrfaliJce:  his  species  of  OHnlix;  all  the  species 
which  he  brings  in  the  genera  Timin,  Ulidta,  Ci'iilinlin,  Flnly- 
stoma,  Tdanops,  and  rurrjota;  in  his  genus  Doriix,  the  three 
species  in  the  first  division,  and  Dacus  siiccincfiiH  and  bicolor 
la  the  second  ;  in  the  genus  Tri/pcfa,  Tri/prfa  occUafa,  obscura, 
picta,  Jle.ra,  tn'maciilata,  bn.tiloris,  cijnuorjnster,  and  snit<llnris ; 
in  the  genus  Tdanocera,  his  2\  bisinnosa,  and  finally,  his  Cor- 
dylura  podarjrica. 

(b.)  In  liobinraii  Desvoidy. 

I  turn  now,  not  without  reluctance,  to  the  writings  of  R.  Des- 
voidy.    In  his  well-known  Easai  sur  Ics  Myodaircs  he  united 


.'.■■k-S 


-      lU 

■    '♦.'"'t'.I 


r,  1 


\^>^v 


'    V-^.;-.    ■: 


]•] 


MPTKllA   CP    NOUTH   AMKIIICA. 


[I'AUT  III. 


it 


■•r;-.'l 


til')  jjoiirra  which  we  arc  con.sidcriiij;  iiiulcr  the  goncrnl  name  of 
PJiyhjiHijdtje  Mijodinse.  This  geiionilization  may  bo  cuiisiilcretl 
a.'  niifco.-^^i'iil,  a.s  it  cuutains  but  little  which  is  foreign,  tliat  is 
whicli  would  be  better  phiced  among  his  Aciphoreiv,  e(|uivalent 
to  the  family  Tnipdidfv,  and  as  at  the  same  time  it  excludes 
but  little  of  what  really  I)elongs  to  the  Orlaliiise.  The  position 
also  which  Hob.  Desv()i<ly  assigns  to  the  PInjIomydie  JFi/oduifxi, 
next  to  the  J'/ii/knin/dfv  'J'hrUduDuidii',  that  is,  the  Micro] icz id le, 
caiiiiot  but  be  sustained,  as  tiit^  latter  arc  closely  related  to  the 
Ortalidiv.  After  Ids  J'Iii/l(niii/dii'  'J'hclidniniidiv  Kob.  Dcsvoidy 
places  \m  Aci})hi>ri  IV,  thai  is,  the  Tnjju'tidiv,  while  he  would  have 
done  better  iu  reversing  this  order  of  his  two  divisions,  on  ac- 
count of  the  close  rdationsliip  l)etwecn  the  Ortalidre  and  the 
Trijpctidae.  The  sovereign  neglcct-uf  all  previous  publications, 
the  wretched  manner  in  which  most  of  his  genera  are  established, 
chielly  upon  merely  relative  diU'erences  (for  instance,  a  some- 
what longer  third  antcnnal  joint,  a  somewhat  more  pui)escent 
arista,  etc.),  without  regard  to  the  most  striking  plastic  cha- 
racters, the  very  slovenly  description  of  many  species  of  un- 
known hahilat,  etc.,  have,  long  ago,  put  this  author's  writings  in 
such  bad  repute  that  it  would  not  be  easy  to  add  aiiythiiig  to 
it.  It  woidd  be  unjust,  however,  after  this  fully  deserved  blame, 
not  to  recognize  that  l\ob..  Desvoidy'.s  judgment,  with  regard  to 
questions  of  relationship,  iii  this  case,  as  iu  many  others,  was  a 
very  correct  one. 

The  genera  wliich  ho  i)laocs  among  the  Phyfomydse  Myodince 
are  :  Divhromyo,,  J'alpomi/a,  lIcKiiqidllia  lleramya,  J/yorift. 
Osciuis,  Jllaincillia,  Meclclia,  Jlclieria,  Mycjuus,  S'raiizin, 
Vidalia,  Delphinia,  Avidia,  Myrmccomya,  Folystodcs,  Sty- 
luphora,  Ilerina,  Myodina,  lUchardia,  liircllia,  JioisdHvalici, 
Clidonin,  Sett'Uia,  CIiIoru]Jiura.  Concerning  these  genera  uud 
tiieir  names,  I  will  offer  the  following  remarks: — 

The  genus  Dichroiin/a  (the  name  ought  to  be  improved  to 
Dti'liromyia)  is  adopted  by  ]\[acquart  in  liis  Dip/crcs  Ej-otiqucs, 
and  placed  among  his  Heteromyzides.  The  Dichromyia  braxil- 
icDfiis  of  Roi).  Desvoidy  is  the  same  as  the  PlatyMoma  micro- 
cera  of  oNIacquart's  Sidfes  d  IhijTon,  and  was  described  stilt 
earlier  as  Tctanopa  sfinrininiro))^  by  "Wiedenmnn.  Not  being  a 
Tctanopti  this  sjtecies  inust  therefore  be  considered  as  the  type 
of  the  genus  Dichromyia.     The  position  among  the  Oiiaiidce, 


ft 


.  Hf  *!■ 


OnTAUP-E — 1  NTRnptJCTIOX. 


n 


a^isigned  to  it  by  II.  Dfsvoidy,  I  hold  to  Ite  correct;  with  Via- 
tyduma  it  Las  nothing  to  do. 

The  genus  PalpDmya,  u  hybrid  name,  being  formed  out  of  a 
Latin  and  a  Greeli  word,  and  not  rendered  more  valuable  by  its 
improvement  in  raljjomijia,  is  identical  with  Platyt^tuma ;  the 
typical  Palpomi/ia  ImUuhU  is  nothing  else  but  tl  e  well-known 
Plaiyfitoma  aftpJialliiin  AVied.  The  generic  characters  given  by 
R.  Desvoidy  are  entirely  erroneous. 

Under  the  name  of  lle^tyquillia  Rob.  Desvoidy  describes  Pla- 
tystnma  snninalionin  Fab.,  and  under  that  of  Uesyquillia  hi- 
gubris  the  Plalyt>ioma  umhrarum  Fab.  ;  thus,  the  genus  llf>^y- 
quillia  likewise  coincides  with  Plat yatoma. 

The  genus  ITeramya,  which  ought  at  least  to  be  called  IIc- 
ramyia,  is  based  upon  Sciomyza  hucrjJialn,  which  R.  Desvoidy 
did  not  recognize,  as  well  as  upon  another  species  which  is  very 
like  it,  if  not  identical.  ]\lacquart  united  this  species  with 
Myoris  (a  name  which  it  is  ditlicult  to  explain),  a  genus  not  dis- 
tinguished by  a  single  character  of  any  value,  and  with  lilaiv- 
villia  (a  preoccupied  name),  and  thus  formed  his  genus  Otifes  (a 
name  which  Latreille  had  already  used  in  a  broader  sense) ;  but 
he  i)laced  in  it  moreover  some  true  Sdomyzidie. 

The  genus  Or^ciniK,  as  understood  by  R.  Desvoidy,  is  identical 
with  Dorycera;  it  has  nothing  in  coiir.uou  with  the  genus  of  the 
same  name  to  which  Fallon  reduced  the  much  more  comprehen- 
sive genus  O.sci/Ji.s  of  Latreille. 

Mechelia  (an  already  preoccupied  name)  and  Mrlicrca  (pro- 
bably also  a  dedication  name),  contain  species  belonging  to 
Macquart's  Ortalideous  genus  Ccro.rys. 

The  genus  Mycnnia  (a  badly  forMictl  name),  is  established  for 
Hcatophacja  foKciata  Fab.,  which  Maeijuart,  in  the  Suilcs  d 
Biijj'on,  describes  as  Orlnli.-^ /ascia/a,  after  Rob.  Desvoidy,  and, 
fur  a  second  time,  as  TipJiri/ix  /\i.<ci<it(i,  after  Meigen. 

St7'aiizia  (as  the  genus  is  dedicated  to  Strauss-Diirkheim,  the 
name  should  be  spelt  Slrau.^fiin)  does  not  belong  to  the  Orfn- 
liflfv.  at  all,  but  to  the  Tryjielidiv;  the  two  species  described  by 
Rob.  Desvoidy  are  nolhing  else  but  the  nmle  and  female  of 
Trypeta  longipennis  Wied.,  which  Rob.  Desvoidy  did  not  re- 
cognize. 

Vidalia   seems   likewise    to    belong  to    the    Trypetidve ;   not 
q 


*  '     IC     '      I  *    K  Ah- M 


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^    .V.,.i    ':>•.'• 


i    •>■ 


18 


DII'TERA    OF    XoIlTII    AMERICA. 


[PAUT  in. 


havin<r  succc«clod  yet,  however,  in  ideiUifving  the  species,  I  am 
not  positive  about  it. 

The  gonus  Delphima  is  ostnblislicd  for  Trypeta  pirfa,  Fnb., 
whioli  Rob.  Desvoidydid  not  rceognizo;  the  unbecoming  generic 
name  was  afterwards  replaced  by  Camptoncura  Maccj. 

The  genus  Avidia  belongs  to  the  Trypctidne. 

Myrmccomya  (more  correctly  Myrmccomyia)  and  Polyttfofle!^ 
(better  Polidoidci^)  taken  together  nearly  correspond  to  the 
genus  ]l!ir}iugaK/('r  (better  Mit^chogaf^ter)  of  Mactjuart,  placed 
by  the  latter  among  the  Sepnidx.  The  size  of  the  palpi  and 
the  structure  of  the  ovipositor  do  not  justify  this  location,  and 
the  genus  undoubtially  l)eIongs  to  the  OrtaJidoc. 

Of  the  position  of  tiic  genus  SlylopJiora  in  the  system  I 
cannot  judge,  not  knowing  the  species  upon  which  it  is  based. 

Ilerina  (the  derivation  of  the  name  is  not  apparent)  com- 
prises species  from  the  relationship  of  Ortalia  pallidum. 

The  genus  Afyodina  (again  a  name  of  obscure  derivation)  is 
based  upon  Ortalis  vibranx,  which  K.  Desvoidy  took  for  Ortalis 
urticse.  Maccpjart,  in  the  Suites  d  Buffon,  very  erroneously 
united  this  genus  with  Ortalis,  throwing  together  various  very 
different  species.  Long  before  Rob.  Desvoidy,  Kirby  had  used 
for  Ortalis  vihrans  the  generic  name  of  Seioptera. 

Richardia  is  founded  gi\\\qv  \\\)o\\  Dacus  podagricus  Fab.,  not 
recognized  by  Rob.  Desvoidy,  or  else  on  some  closely  allied 
Bpecies. 

Itivcllia  (probably  a  dedication  name)  contains  species  re- 
lated to  Ortalis  syngenesife,  and  among  them  this  very  species,  as 
usual,  not  recognized  by  Rob.  Desvoidy.  Macquart  in  the  Suites 
d  Buffon  unites  Birellia  with  Ilerina,  while  the  species  really 
belonging  to  it  are  put  in  the  genus  Urophora,  or  even  in  Pla- 
tystoma;  and  upon  one  of  them,  in  his  later  works,  he  even  es- 
tablishes a  new  genus,  Ep>idesma. 

Whether  the  genus  Boisdu\;alia  really  differs  from  the  pre- 
ceding only  in  the  length  of  the  third  antennal  joint  seems  very 
doubtful ;  should  this  be  the  case,  the  separation  of  these  two 
genera  would  not  be  justified. 

Clidonia  is  considered  by  the  author  himself  as  belonging  to 
quite  a  different  family,  in  which  we  will  not  contradict  him. 

Scfellia  seems  to  contain  Ortalidie  resembling  Micropezidse  in 
their  general  appearance. 


ORTALIDiE — INTUODUCTION. 


19 


Qhlorophora  moy  also  belong  tliorc,  as  Rob.  Desvoidy  espe- 
cially mentions  its  relationship  to  Setellia. 

The  following  amon'j  Rob.  Dc'ivoidy's  genera  belong  there- 
fore to  the  Ortalidse :  Dk-hromyia,  I'alpuiiiyta,  JlesyijuUlia, 
Heramyia,  Mijoris,  0-'<cints,  liluinvillia,  Mevkelia,  Jlclirria, 
Myennis,  Dclphinia,  Myrmecomyia,  Fvlistoides,  Herina,  Myo- 
dina,  liichardia,  liivellia,  Boisduvalh'a.  Yery  probably  Se- 
tellia and  Chlorophora  have  to  be  added  to  them.  The  syste- 
matic position  of  Stylophora  is  doui)tfuI.  Genera  not  belonging 
to  the  Ortalidae  are ;  Straussia,  Vidalia,  Acidia,  Clidonia. 

(c.)  In  Macquart. 

During  his  long  crreer  as  an  entomological  writer,  Macquart 
has  several  times  changed  his  views  with  regard  to  the  classifi- 
cation of  the  Diplera  acalyptera,  as  was  to  be  expected  from 
the  great  difficulty  of  the  subject.  His  opinion,  however,  on 
the  extent  of  the  family  Ortalidee  has,  during  that  time,  under- 
gone but  little  change.  As,  strictly  speaking,  he  is  the  only 
writer  who  has  attempted  to  establish  a  general  system  of  the 
diptera,  embracing  all  parts  of  the  world,  I  consider  it  as  my 
duty  to  give  a  detailed  account  of  his  views,  the  more  so  as  they 
differ  from  mine  in  a  not  unimportant  manner.  To  attain  this 
end  I  will  enumerate  all  tho.se  of  his  families,  with  their  genera, 
which,  according  to  my  opinion,  contain  genera  belonging  to  the 
Ortalidse,  as  well  as  to  the  families  closely  connected  with  them, 
for  instance,  Palloptera,  Toxoneura,  Lonchsea.  In  order  to 
show  the  progress  made  by  Macquart  during  his  diptcrological 
studies  I  will  give  this  in  a  twofold  manner,  that  is,  first  after 
the  Suites  d  Buffnn  and  next  after  the  Ih'pteres  Exotifpies. 
Those  genera  which  I  consider  as  undoubtedly  Ortalideoutt  I 
have  marked  with  an  exclamation  ;  those  doubtfully  introduced 
into  this  family  I  have  designated  by  an  interrogation.  The 
genera  related  to  the  Ortalidse,  which  I  have  united  in  the 
family  Pallopteridae,  I  have  inclosed  in  brackets;  the  same  I 
have  done  with  the  genus  Sapromyza,  because  Macquart  does 
not  separate  the  species  of  Palloptera  from  the  Sapromyzse, 
although  the  typical  Sapromyzse  have  no  relation.ship  whatever 
with  the  Ortalidte. 

The  review  of  the  part  of  the  system  above  alluded  to,  from 
the  Suites  d  Bu^on,  is  as  follows : — 


'  ■   ■       '   '■'■■   ,>,'■'•"'■   V ■■..',  ■',: 
•f  ■.■  ;•■.-■,  ••'a 


.     ..    .^s  '■  ."   ' 

.     .  .'.  •     »:  . 


i.v  .  .        *  ■»■ 
-•••■  ■  ■  •'•  «> 


y  «•■,.■■*!;■.'■->.>.  ■ 


;.,     '. 


*1 


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■.=:;•! 


30 


riPTERA   OF   NOUTU   AMERICA. 


[part  111. 


ir 


rm 


ii..?;' 


i 


1*1 


'«. 


Scatomijsida. 

1  Aiuethysa, 

Thjjreophorida. 

iSuatopbaga, 

!  rs'utauautbiua, 

Tbyreopbora. 

Dr>om>^za, 

Rhopuluiuura, 

(SJaproiuyza,) 

!  Eurypalpus, 

LeplopoditcE. 

(Toxoueura,) 

!  riatydtuuia, 

Tauypeza, 

tsciouiyza, 

1  Loxoubura. 

Calobata, 

Luuiua, 

Ta>uiapt(3ra, 

llulomyza, 

Tephrilidce. 

Micropeza, 

Blepbariptera, 

Dacus, 

Neiiud, 

Ueterouiyza. 

LeptoxyB, 

Lougiua, 

Bautrouera, 

!  SSuttiUia. 

railomydce. 

!  SuQupteriua, 

Orygma, 

Petalophora, 

Ulidini. 

Ti'iguuumutopua, 

Uiophora, 

Actora, 

Euiiua, 

Terellia, 

Cojlopa, 

Psilomyia, 

Tephritis, 

Gymuopoda, 

!  Tetanops, 

Aoinia, 

Lipara, 

!  Pyrgota, 

Eudiua. 

!  Ulidia. 

!  Otites, 

Flatycephala, 

Sepsida. 

LauranidcE. 

1  Dorycera. 

iiepsis, 

Lauxaiiia, 

Cheligiister, 

Piicliycerina, 

Ortalidce. 

Kemopoda, 

(Loucbaea,) 

!  Uerina, 

!  Cepbalia, 

(Teremyia,) 

!  Ortalis, 

!  Michogaster, 

Pterodoutia, 

1  Ceroxys, 

Diopsis. 

Celypbus. 

Cleitauiia, 

In  tbe  Dipteres  Exotiques  the  corresponding  part  of  the  sys- 
tem assumes  the  following  shape,  about  which  I  have  only  to  ob- 
serve that  in  this  work  Macquart  brings  in  only  those  genera  in 
which  he  intended  to  describe,  or  at  least  to  mention,  exotic 
species  ;  the  genera  Toxoneura,  Lucina,  Tetanopa,  Otites,  Flaty- 
cephala, etc.,  although  not  mentioned  in  this  list,  ought,  in  order 
to  render  it  complete,  to  be  transferred  to  it  from  the  former. 


Scaiomy:id<e. 
Soatopbaga. 

Scinmyzidce. 
Dryomyza, 
Tapeigaater, 
(Sapromyza,) 
Pbysegenua, 


Sciomyza, 
H«lomyza, 
Curtouotain. 

Psilomiidm. 

!  Eumetopia, 
Ecteoepbala, 
!  Dorycera. 


Ortalidce, 

!  Oxycepbala, 
t  Loxouenra, 
!  Platystoma, 
!  Camptoiieura, 
!  Heterogaster, 
Rbopalomera, 
t  Euripalpus, 


ORTAUD.T   -INTUODUCTION. 


21 


!  Eniconeura, 
Cleitamia, 
1  Richardia, 
'  Senopteriua, 
!  U«riua, 
!  Epidesma, 
I  Ceroxys, 
!  Ortalis, 
!  Ametlijsa, 
I  Lamprogaster, 
!  Euprosopia, 
I  Coolometopia, 
I  Notacnnthina, 
!  Crupliiocera, 
!  Plagiocepliala, 
!  Campigaster. 

Tephritidft. 

!  Odontomera, 
Leptoxys, 


Cardiacera, 

Dacus, 

I  Meracantba, 

liactrocera, 

Enicuptera, 

Ceratitis, 

Acantboueura, 

Urophora, 

!  Toxura, 

Tephritis, 

Terellia, 

Acinia, 

1  Epicerella, 

En^iua. 

Sepsidce. 

!  Cephalia, 
!  Omalocephala, 
t  Conopsida, 
Nemopoda, 


Sepsis. 


Diopsid'CB. 
Diopsia. 

Leptopodita. 
Loiigina, 
Nerius, 
Cardiacera, 
Calobata, 
Toxopoda, 
Taiiypeza, 
!  Stitellia. 

Lauxanidce. 

(LoDchsea,) 
Lauxania, 
!  Ulidia, 
Zygothrica, 
Celypbus. 


In  the  Dipt(*res  Exotiques,  after  the  families  I  have  enume- 
rated the  Helomyzidse  and  Geomyzidx  follow,  and  after  them 
the 

Heteromyzida. 
Heteromyza, 
Actora, 
1  Dichromyia, 
CcElopa. 

Id  examining  the  systematic  distribution,  introduced  by  Mac- 
quart  in  the  Suites  d  Bvffon,  we  soon  find  that  as  early  as  that 
work,  he  had,  if  not  a  definite  knowledge,  at  least  a  correct  in- 
stinct of  the  true  characters  of  the  Ortalidse,  less  correct,  how- 
ever, than  Rob.  Desvoidy,  who  wrote  before  him. 

Those  genera  which,  in  that  work,  he  united  in  the  family 
Ortalidse  really  belong  to  it,  with  the  exception  of  Rhopalomera 
and,  very  probably,  of  Cleitamia;  the  latter  genus  seems  to  be 
hardly  distinct  from  Henicoptera,  which  belongs  to  the  Tiy- 
petidse. 

A  double  error  seems  to  be  contained  in  the  separation  of  the 
genera  Tefavops,  Pyrgota,  Otites,  and  Dorycera  from  the  Orta- 
lidse and  their  combination  with  Orygma,  Trigonometopxis, 
Eurina,  Psilomyia,  and  Platycephala  into  one  family,  the  Ptii- 


■'  *»   ''St* 


v..:v=V,.' 


M 


'i'' 


!    « 


22 


DIPTEHA    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


[I'AKT  iir. 


!  .«i. 


'«: 


.::il 


lomydne.  Their  relationship  with  tlie  Ortalidae  is  evident 
Among  the  genera  whicli  Maciiuart  places  in  one  family  with 
them,  Eurina  and  Plah/rcphala  belong  to  the  Osciiiidte,  each 
of  the  others  to  some  other  dipterous  family  ;  none  shows  any 
close  relationship  to  the  Orlalidse.  In  the  Diplvres  Exotiques 
Macquart  has  in  part  corrected  this  error,  as  at  least  Oxyce.phala, 
of  the  Identity  of  which  with  Pyrgota  he  was  not  aware,  is  put 
among  the  Ortalidae. 

A  second  error  is  that  tho  ortalideous  genus  Stenopterina 
(Macquart  incorrectly  writes  Hcnople.rina)  has  been  placed  in 
his  family  Tephritidse.  In  the  JJijMres  Exoiiqucs  Macquart 
has  amended  this  error. 

A  third  mistake  consists  in  Macquart  having  placed  in  his 
genus  Urnphora  several  species  which  do  not  at  all  belong  to  his 
family  Tephritidx ;  his  Uroph.ora  quadriviltata,  fulvifrons,  laxii 
several  others,  are  true  Ortalidae. 

Fourthly,  the  position  of  the  genera  Cephalia  and  Michogader 
(better  3Iischogastra,  or  at  least  Mischogasler)  among  the  Scp- 
sidae  cannot  be  sustained.  As  has  been  observed  already,  we 
agree  with  Rob.  Desvoidy  in  considering  both  as  true  Ortalidae 
on  account  of  the  large  development  of  the  palpi  as  well  as  of 
the  structure  of  the  ovipositor. 

Neither  can  I,  in  the  fifth  place,  agree  with  Macquart  in  put- 
ting Setellia  among  his  Leptopodidae ;  I  refer  it  also  to  the  Or- 
talidae, and  this  once  more  in  agreement  with  Rob.  Desvoidy. 

A  sixth  error  is  the  great  interval  between  Ulidia  and  the 
other  Ortalidae,  as  well  as  the  whole  composition  of  the  family 
Ulidini.  Lipara,  with  which  Macquart's  genus  Gymnopoda  is 
synonymous,  belongs  to  the  Oscinidae;  Coelopa  and  Aclora  do 
not  belong  to  the  same  family,  neither  with  Lipara,  nor  with 
Ulidia,  nor  together.  In  the  Dipteres  Exotiques  Macquart  did 
rightly  in  dropping  altogether  the  ill-conceived  family  of  Ulidinae. 

I  will  not  expatiate  here  on  the  incorrectness  of  the  position 
of  Palloptera,  Toxonciira,  Lonchaea,  and  Teremyia  (established 
for  Lonchaea  laticornis),  as  this  inquiry  is  of  no  especial  im- 
portance to  us. 

It  is  easy  to  perceive  that  the  system  is  improved  in  the  Dip- 
tf!res  Exotiques ;  but  even  here  Dorycera  is  misplaced  among 
the  Pitilomydae,  together  with  Eumelopia  (which  belongs  to  the 
Ortalidae). 


OHTALlDii; — INTIU/M  ClIUX. 


23 


In  his  family  Tcphrilidve  the  gfiius  Oduntumera  iri  ostublishod, 
wliioh  is  closely  related  to  t'lcluniclopia  on  one  side  and  Setcllia 
on  tlie  other,  aud  must  therefore  be  traiiaferred  to  the  OiiuUdas. 

The  same  may  be  said  of  tlie  genus  Meracanlha,  the  true 
place  of  which  is  in  the  vicinity  of  Odunlomera,  SetelUa,  t'a'lu- 
vietvpia,  Richardia,  etc. 

The  genus  Toxura,  judging  from  the  published  figure,  also 
belongs  to  the  Ortalidie,  and  indt.'cd  in  the  circle  of  relationship 
of  Pyrgota;  whether  the  examination  of  the  insect  itself  would 
lead  to  the  same  result  I  do  not  pretend  to  affirm,  as  I  have  not 
seen  it. 

The  figure  of  the  head  of  EpicereUa  {Dipt.  Exot.,  Suppl.  iv.. 
Tab.  xxvii.)  might  perhaps  justify  the  supposition  that  the  genus 
belongs  to  the  Orlalida^;  n(!V(!rtheless  I  think  it  more  probable 
either  that  the  frontal  bristles,  characteristic  of  the  Trypetidse, 
were  broken  off  in  Macquart's  specimen,  or  that  they  have  been 
omitted  in  the  drawing.  Thus  I  do  not  dare  to  express  any 
opinion  as  to  the  correctness  of  the  position  assigned  by  Mac- 
quart  to  this  genus. 

Gephalia,  in  the  Dipleres  Exotiqucs,  is  likewise  put  among 
the  Sepaidse  instead  of  among  the  Ortalidie. 

Omaluccphala  (better  Ilomalocephala,  at  all  events,  a  preoc- 
cupied name)  seems  to  belong  in  the  vicinity  of  Selellia,  Cado- 
metopia,  etc.,  that  is,  in  the  family  Ortalidse. 

The  genus  Conopsidca,  as  Macquart  informs  us,  is  founded 
upon  Gephalia  femoralis  Wied. ;  in  the  Suites  d  Buffon,  this 
same  and  two  more  species  gave  him  occasion  to  establish  the 
genus  Michogaater.  If  these  two  data  be  correct,  as  we  have 
every  reason  to  supnose,  Conopt^idea  would  be  a  synonym  of 
Michogader ;  the  emendation  of  the  incorrectly  formed  name 
Conopaidea  thus  becomes  useless. 

The  erroneous  location  of  Setellia  at  the  end  of  the  Leptopo- 
ditae  is  preserved. 

Ulidia  is  transferred  to  the  family  Lauxanidae,  where  it  is  % 
perfect  stranger. 

About  the  systematic  position  of  Zygothrica  (not  Zygotricha, 
as  Gray,  in  the  Animal  Kingdom,  spoils,  in  trying  to  improve  it), 
a  genus  already  proposed  by  Wiedemann  in  his  essay  on  Achins, 
•I  can  only  form  an  opinion  from  the  statements  of  Wiedemann 
and  Macquart  on  the  typical  species,  Z.  dispar,  as  well  as  from 


.,      ■■■   '■^/•.i;^X'   I 
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It; 


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24 


DIPTEIIA    OF    XOKTII    AMKRICA. 


[part  III. 


their  figures.  It  seems  to  me  tliat  this  species  may  belong  to 
the  Dromphilidse.  Jn  tlie  Derliii  Museum  there  i.s  n  little  fly 
which  apparently  belongs  to  this  genus ;  1  liave  not  been  able 
to  ascertain  whether  this  species  is  Z.  dispnr,  but  I  liave  seen 
enough  not  to  doubt  in  the  least  of  its  belonging  to  the  Droso- 
philidfe. 

Dichromyia  is  wrongly  placed  ))y  Macquart  among  the  Ihtr- 
roimjzidie,  between  Acfora  and  Co'lopa.  1  will  maintain  for  the 
present  its  position  among  the  Ortulidve,  although  I  cannot  deny 
that  a  better  place  might  perhaps  be  found  for  't ;  however,  no 
such  place  has  been  pointed  out  yet.  Hesides  the  typical  spe- 
cies, Dichromi/in  aanfjuinici'pfi,  Maccjuart  has  another  species 
from  Africa,  which,  as  I  will  show  hereafter,  cannot  well  belong 
to  this  genus. 

About  the  genera  which  Macquart,  in  the  Diptcres  Uxotiqum, 
places  in  the  family  Ortalidae,  I  will  make  the  following  re- 
marks : — 

Oxyecphala,  as  was  mentioned  before,  is  identical  with  Pi/r- 
gota. 

Lo.roneura  is  established  for  Plafi/fitoma  decora. 

ridli/xfoma  ismisusedfor  the  location  of  a  number  of  hotern. 
geueous  forms ;  whatever  had  broad  wings,  with  a  dark  picture, 
among  the  rest  a  Trypeta,  was  taken  by  Macquart  for  a  Plaly- 
stoma. 

Camptoneura  is  a  true  ortalideous  genus,  based  upon  Trypeta 
pida  Wied.,  and,  as  observed  above,  identical  with  Delphi nia 
Rob.  Desv.  Macquart  has  likewise  used  this  genus  for  the 
introduction  of  species  not  belonging  there  at  all,  for  instance, 
of  Trypeta  ohscura  Wied. 

Hetoroc/aster  (a  preoccupied  name)  is  a  well  founded  genus  in 
the  neighborhood  of  Pyrgota. 

Euripalpus  (a  hybrid  name),  judging  from  Macquart's  data, 
belongs  to  the  Ortalidae. 

The  genus  Eniconeura  (better  Ilcniconeura)  is  said  to  be 
distinguished  by  its  spurless  middle  tibia?.  If  such  were  really 
the  case  the  genus  could  not  belong  to  the  Ortalidae,  nor  to  any 
of  the  allied  families.  But  in  Ilcmcoiwxira  feneslralis  Macq., 
I  perceive  at  the  end  of  the  middle  tibite  a  rather  strong  spur, 
which  is  closely  applied  to  the  tarsus  when  the  latter  is  stretched. 


ORTALII)^ — INTUODICTION. 


25 


out.  Tlare  cannot  bo  uiiy  tluubt,  therefore,  tbut  the  genus  really 
belongs  to  the  (Jrtalidfe. 

liichai'dla,  in  the  Diptires  Brotiqites,  is  with  good  reason  en- 
tirely dL'itiinited  from  lltrina,  with  whieh  it  was  uuiteU  in  the 
Suilt'S  (I  liuff'on. 

Senoplerina  (I  have  already  corrected  the  name  to  Stennpfe- 
rina)  luis  been  placed  here  where  it  really  belongs,  among  the 
Ortaliilee. 

Herina  is  a  mixture  of  heterogeneous  forms,  which  must  be 
gcncrically  kept  apart. 

JJpidetiina  is  probably  synonymous  with  ItivcUia  R.  Dosv.  ; 
moreover,  Macquart  has  placed  .species  of  the  latter  genus  under 
the  head  of  Ilcrina,  of  Urophora,  and  even  of  Cero.njs. 

Ceroxys  is  a  rather  well  founded  genus,  established  nt  the 
expense  of  Orlalis  Meig.  But  in  the  Diptcres  Exoliques  Mac- 
quart  adds  species  to  it  which  do  not  at  all  share  its  characters  ; 
for  instance  Ceroxys  co'rulea,  etc.  It  almost  seems,  in  such  in- 
stances, that  he  mistakes  this  geims  for  another. 

The  genus  Orlalis  is  a  mi.xture  of  heterogeneous  species ; 
how  is  it  possible  to  crowd  together  in  one  and  the  same  genus 
such  species  as  Orlalis  ornata  Meig.,  fasciata  Fab.,  connexa 
Fab.,  frondescenlise  Lin.,  vibrans  Lin.,  and  even  the  Orlalis 
denlipes  Macq.,  said  to  be  provided  with  spurs  on  the  hind 
tibiae  ?  Either  Macquart  has  not  known  these  species  or  he  has 
not  closely  examined  them,  otherwise  he  could  not  possibly  have 
committed  such  a  mistake ;  how  very  confused  liis  ideas  about 
the  sy.stematic  position  of  these  species  was,  appears  from  the 
fact  that  he  described  Scatophaga  fasciata  Fab.  as  an  Ortalis, 
and  for  a  second  time  as  Tephritiii  and  that  Dichja  conriexa  Fab. 
even  appears  three  times  in  his  writings,  as  Cordylura,  as  Orlalis, 
and  as  Te2)hrilis!  {Dipt.  ExoL,  Suppl.  iv.,  p.  292,  Tephritis 
dorsal  is.) 

The  true  characters  of  Amelhysa  are  not  to  be  gatliorcd  from 
Macquart's  definition  of  this  genus.  As  the  name  alludes  to  the 
color  of  the  African  species,  upon  which  the  genus  is  estab- 
li.shed,  it  should  be  improved  to  Amelhysta. 

Lamprogaster  is  a  well  founded  genus ;  but  the  species  be- 
longing to  it  show  considerable  difTcrences  in  their  organization 
.which  would  fully  justify  a  subdivision  in  several  genera.  It  be- 
longs in  the  vicinity  of  Plalysloma. 


in 

i  .    ., . 

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20 


Dll'TKHA   OF    NOUTII    AMEHICA. 


[I'AllT  III. 


t'a'luDK loi)in  sit'ius  to  bo  fouiiUed  on  Tnjin'ta  trimaculnta 
Fub.,  whifli  Maoquurt  did  not  iduuliiy ;  it  is  closely  allied  to 
Odoiiluinera  uiid  Sclelliu. 

Eupronupia  undoubtedly  belongs  to  tlie  OrtafitJ/e. 

Nofacaiitliuia  is  fouiidid  upon  Tctanoceru  bit^pinom,  Fab, 

Tilt'  liguro  of  the  in'tid  <tf  Crifphiocera  (better  Cryp/iioccra) 
seems  to  indicate  that  tlie  species  would  be  better  placed  in  some 
other  part  of  the  system,  as  it  has  slroMg  bristles  on  the  fore- 
head ;  the  otlier  characters,  however,  prove  that  its  location 
among  the  Orlalid/e  ciiiinnt  well  be  called  in  doubt. 

The  position  of  I'laijioccpliala  among  the  Ortalidse  likewise 
cannot  be  doubted  ;  it  seems  closely  related  to  liichardia,  which 
also  contains  broad  headed  species. 

Campiijaster  (a  frightful  compound)  is  undoul)tedly  will 
placed  among  the  Orlalidw,  bu^.  the  name  cannot  be  preserved 
in  its  present  shape. 

(d.)  In  Walker. 

Although  Macquart's  publications  do  not  always  define  with 
suflicient  i)recision  the  systematic  i)osition  of  the  genera  intro- 
duced by  him,  this  position  could,  in  most  cases,  be  n)ado  out, 
and  moreover,  the  attempt,  on  liis  part,  of  a  systematic  distribu- 
tion is  always  apparent.  Walker's  })ul)lications  (,  ,  e,\otic  diptera 
do  not,  unfortunately,  deserve  this  i)raise.  The  systematic  de- 
partment, as  well  as  everything  else  in  them,  is  treated  with  the 
same  superficial  carelessness.  In  most  cases  it  would  be  impos- 
sible to  make  out,  from  his  statements,  the  real  place  in  the 
system  which  the  genera,  introduced  by  him,  must  occupy,  unless 
they  were  accompanied,  as  is  often  the  case,  by  the  excellent 
figures  of  "Westwood.  These  usually  furnish  the  necessary  data 
concerning  the  relationship  of  the  new  genera;  they  would  have 
done  so  in  all  cases  if  Westwood's  attention  had  been  directed 
to  the  sometimes  very  minute  characters  which  arc  used  in  the 
classification  of  the  diptera  and  especially  of  the  Diptera  acahj- 
plera;  the  fact  that  in  the  majority  of  cases  these  characters  arc 
reproduced  in  the  figures,  give  a  most  brilliant  proof  of  the  ac- 
curacy of  Westwood's  drawings,  and  of  his  keen  perception. 

Walker's  publications  in  the  List  of  Dipt.  //).>>•.  of  the  Brit.  Mu)^., 
and  in  the  Tnsecfa  Sainulersiaun,  do  not  raise  our  expectations 
very  high,  as  the  Orlalidve  and  Trypdidse  are  mingled  together 


OllTALlD^K — INTU(»I»L(rnoN. 


87 


poncrnlly  ;  forms  such  us  Caini)loneuraj)icta  Tub.,  Tri//)cfa  arru' 
alu  Walk.,  T.  albuvuria  Walk.,  T.  ejctrplu  Walk.,  elc,  arc  ci-rlaiiily 
no  Tnjintidui !  In  Walker's  later  itubliealions,  llie  systematic 
conrusion  is  still  greater.  As  far  as  1  ean  ascertain,  among  tlio 
genera  itublislied  in  the  latter,  Adrana,  JJrca,  Vulonia,  are  Or- 
taliilw ;  the  two  latter  l)elong  in  the  vicinity  of  I'loli/.sloma.  'J'ho 
genera  Themara,  Struincla,  Sophira,  and  Jiiiua  belong  to  the 
TrijjH'tidic.  The  genus  Xaixjflina  is  closely  related  to  J'/n/t,u- 
ijcnia,  i)erhap.s  identical  with  it,  and  hence,  has  to  be  jdaced 
among  the  SupromijzidBe.  The  position  of  the  genus  Xiria  re- 
mains doul)lfid,  even  in  the  presence  of  Westwood's  figure;  it 
bliuws  some  characters  which  make  one  doui)t  that  it  belongs  to 
the  Dijilcra  acipliorea  at  ail.  The  genera  Ihtomyia  and  Chro' 
vmlomijia,  which,  taken  together,  seem  to  correspond  to  Lam- 
profjnt<ler  Macq.,  nnd  Zona,  which  is  apparently  identical  with 
LihCuHcura,  are  0  rial  id  a; ;  Walker,  in  the  Linl  of  l)i])l.  Ins. 
etc.,  has  erroneously  placed  them  among  th'>  Tavhlnidse,  together 
with  Triyonoaloma,  which  likewise  belongs  ui  the  (hiulidve  (how- 
ever, he  corrected  this  error  iu  one  of  his  later  publications.) 

{e.)  In  Bigol,  Ocrstaecker,  Doleschall  and  Saunders. 

In  recent  times  it  is  to  IJigot  and  Gerstajckcr  that  the  increase 
of  our  knowledge  of  exotic  diptera  is  ijrincijially  duo. 

The  genera  2\'raslonii/ia,  Maria,  Afjaslrodea,  and  Plerogenia, 
established  by  Bigot,  belong  to  the  Orlalidse.  Elusaogasler  like- 
wise, although  i)laced  among  the  llelomyzidae  by  JJigot,  must  bo 
referred  to  the  Orlalidfe.  His  genus  Elajdiromyia,  on  the  con- 
trary, if  description  and  figure  be  correct,  belongs  to  the  7 V^- 
peddse. 

Gersta3ckcr  has  established  tlie  ortalidoous  genera,  Phylalmia, 
Gorgopis,  Toocotrypana,  and  Diavrila,  and  described  several  new 
species  of  Itivhaj'dia  and  Mixvhorjai^ler.  riiylalmia  has  a  .syno- 
nym iu  Saunders's  genus  IJlojihomyia  {Elaphomyia  Wallacei 
Sauud.  =  Phylalmia  megalolis  Gerst. ;  Elaj/homyia  cfrvicornis 
Saund.  =  Phylalmia  cerricornis  Gerst.).  The  genus  Gorgopis 
seems,  as  the  author  himself  supposes,  to  be  synonymous  with 
Zijcjfenula  paradoxa,  described  somewhat  earlier  by  Doleschall. 
If  iu  the  genus  Toxotrypana  the  outer  row  of  frontal  bristles  is 
really  wanting,  and  it  thus  should  really  belong  to  the  Orlalidse, 
the  not  flattened  ovipositor  of  this  genus  would  place  it  in  the 


I 


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lUI'TKRA   (tP   NollTII   AMKRICA. 


[I'AiiT  iir. 


iicijrliltorlinod  of  J'l/ryota,  with  wliicli  it,  ulso  nj^rcoH  in  the  small 
(Icvi'lopiiK'iit  <»f  the  clypt'iJH.  However,  the  ocelli  are  fully 
developed,  and  the  stnictiire  of  the  head  is  rather  like  that  ol'  tho 
true  f^pecies  of  l>aiHH,  as  Ifuins  ulin,  vW.,  so  that  it  iiii^fht  per- 
linpH  he  cotiHiderod  ns  a  genus  of  this  k>'<)<>|'>  '"  ^hieli,  in  eon. 
forniily  U>  the  slrikinj^  shortness  of  all  the  hairs  of  tho  l)ody,  tho 
lateral  lirislles  of  the  front  have  disa|)peared.  This  KUppositioii 
seems  cfOifinneU  l>y  the  seutelhiiu  whieh  has  oidy  two  bristles  at 
the  tip;  and  the  nneovered  last  aitdoiniiud  segment  of  the  female, 
which  is  generally  wanting  in  the  JJaciita,  or  is  altogether  eoti- 
coaled  under  the  preceding  segment,  is  not  a  positive  object  ion, 
ns  this  segment  is  very  much  abltreviated  and  much  less  horny 
than  the  jireceding  ones,  and  thus  can  very  easily  be  concealed 
in  the  living  insect. 

Among  the  scatt<!red  publications  of  various  authors  many 
forms  may  be  found  which  belong  to  the  Orlalidoc.  I  jturposely 
omit  what  I  know  of  them,  especially  the  gradually  pul)lished 
species  of  the  genera  already  discussed  by  me.  It  is  not  in  my 
power  to  collect  the  residue,  and  I  doidit  whether  such  a  work 
would  materially  alter  the  limits  of  the  family  Ortalidse  as  they 
liavc  resulted  from  the  preceding  discussion. 

Natural  Characters  of  the  Family  OiiTALiDi^E. 

If  wc  a.sk  now  what  we  have  to  erase  or  to  modify  in  tho  cha- 
racters of  the  original  genua  Orfalix,  in  ^Feigen's  and  Wiedc- 
maiiirs  ponse,  in  order  to  obtain  the  characters  defining  the  whole 
family,  the  answer  will  be  that  it  is  very  little  indeed.  In  the 
first  place,  the  mention  of  the  pilosity  of  the  front  must  be  modi- 
lied  a  little,  ns  there  arc  genera  among  the  Ortalidm  which  have 
no  other  l)ristle  before  the  bristles  of  the  vertex.  Xe.\t  to  that, 
the  description  of  the  structure  of  the  feet  has  to  be  changed 
thus,  that  in  most  genera  they  are  short  and  strong,  but  in  some 
rather  elongate.  In  the  third  jdace,  the  statement  about  the 
female  abdomen  must  be  modified  by  saying  that  it  has  generally 
five  segments,  but  that  the  fifth  is  T(>ry  often  shortened  and  con- 
cealed under  the  fourth,  and  that,  in  some  cases,  it  entirely  dis- 
appears, and  then  the  abdomen  has  only  four  segments.  In  the 
fourth  place,  the  introduction  of  P>/rrtofn  and  of  tho  related  genera 
in  the  family,  requires  a  modifiontion  in  the  statement  about  the 
structure  of  the  ovipositor,  which  is  not  flattened  here  ;  the  chief 


OUTALin.K — INTKODICTIUN. 


iJO 


Atrfss  in  tliin  Htatrnioiit  sliniiM  !)«•  laid  upon  tiio  rcninindir  of  tliu 
sinicliirc,  wliicli  is  tli<-  Miriit-  in  nil  tliu  (^riicni.  In  the  litili  iilacc, 
tlif  nii'iilioii  of  lilt'  Itristlcs  on  iho  lii>l  litnf^itudiiiul  viiu  wlnmkl 
not  1)0  lulniittfd  in  llic  ddlnilinn  of  the  fitniily. 

Tilt'  dt'linilittii  id'  llif  (hlalulu  cun  llifrt-rort'  be  ]>u(  in  I  lit'  ft)l- 
jowin^;  nmnnor :  Front  brtxiil  in  Itntli  m'Xos  ;  on  l)i)lli  siilts  of 
till'  VI  rlfx  H  nmri.'  or  k^s  diVfloprd  hWfllinj?  runs  duwn  llii'  IVont, 
iilKin  wliifli,  biforc  tlic  Itri^tlc  of  llio  vfrii'X,  ont'  or  twd  frii-t 
itrisili's  arc  iiisorti'd,  wliioli,  liowcvcr,  are  wunlinn'  in  sonir  jirnern. 
Olliorwirtc  the  front  has  only  tlie  ordinary  piiltcsrcncc,  or  is  ipiite 
bare,  but  never  provided  witli  a  second  row  of  strong  bristles 
aloii^r  I  lie  i)rl»it,  even  when  the  hairs  on  both  sides  of  the  villa 
froiildlis  almost  aeipiire,  in  some  few  jreiiera,  the  idiiiructer  of 
bristles.  Frontal  lissure  distinct;  frontal  luiiuli'  never  pushed 
HO  far  up  us  to  appear  to  be  a  part  of  the  front;  eviii  in  those 
{genera  in  whieli,  on  neeount  of  the  great  curvature  of  the  fmntal 
fissure,  as  In  (Julu/ta,  the  luiiule  happens  to  lie  higher  than  the 
anteiime,  it  always  distinctly  appears  as  a  part  of  the  face;  in 
many  genera  it  is  not  distinguishable  from  the  face.  The  vibrissie 
are  always  wanting.  The  eyes  are  bare.  The  elypeus  is  always 
distinct,  of  various  size,  usiudly  well  developed.  J'roiioscis  more 
or  less  stout.  Palpi  rather  broad,  often  very  broad,  very  seliloin 
narrow.  Metanolum  larger  than  usual,  .strongly  ])rojeeiing  pos- 
teriorly and  inferiorly.  P'eet  generally  rather  stout  and  sliort,  in 
some  genera,  however,  of  a  considerable,  although  not  striking, 
length  and  slenderness.  Middle  tibiie  distinctly  spurred  ;  front 
and  hind  tibiie  spurless  ;  no  erect  prenpical  bristle  before  the  end 
of  the  ujijier  side  of  the  tlbiie.  The  abdomen  of  the  male  has 
four  segments,  however  the  first  consists  of  two  oonlescent  seg- 
ments which  is  also  the  case  in  the  females;  the  but  little 
devel())M'd  fifth  segment  rejiresents  a  small,  ninro  or  loss  imbedded 
hypopygiiim  ;  the  tnpo-liko  or  tlirond-like  penis  is  of  an  extra- 
ordinary length,  rolled  up  in  a  spiral.  The  female  abdomen 
consists  of  five  sogmonts,  the  fifth  of  which  is  often  very  much 
al)breviaied,  sometimes  wanting,  so  tliat  the  abdomen  of  the 
feniide  then  seems  to  consist  of  only  four  segments;  the  sixth, 
si>venth,  and  eighth  segments  of  the  abdomen  are  converted  into 
tlic  three  telescope-like,  extensile  joints  of  the  ovipositor,  ending 
in  a  simple,  hairless  point;  in  most  cases  the  ovipositor  is  flat- 
tened, and  then  its  first  joint  often  differs  but  little  in  its  nature 


J,. 

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DIl'TERA   OF   NOUTII   AMERICA. 


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and  coloring  from  the  preceding  abdominal  segments.  The  wings 
show  the  complete  venation  of  the  Diplera  acalyjdera;  the 
auxiliary  vein  is  entirely  separated  from  the  first  longitudinal 
vein,  although  often  very  much  approximated  to  it;  it  runs  into 
the  costa  at  a  more  or  less  acute  angle,  without  becoming  indis- 
tinct at  its  end ;  the  two  posterior,  so-called  small  basal  cells, 
are  of  a  rather  considerable  size. 

EeLATIOMSIIIP  of  the  ORTALIDiE. 

The  great  variety  of  forms  occurring  among  the  OrtaJidse 
accounts  for  the  number  of  their  near  or  distant  connection.) 
among  other  families.  A  relationship  of  the  first  degree,  wliitii 
finds  its  most  distinct  expression  in  the  similarity  of  the  structure 
of  the  nude  hypopygiuni  and  of  the  female  ovipositor,  connects 
them  with  the  Tryiielidse  and  the  Pallopteridse,  as  well  as  those 
two  families  with  each  other.  All  three  form  a  very  close  circK) 
of  relationship,  the  members  of  which  have  very  similar  habits. 

The  Grlalidse  differ  from  the  Tri/j)etidae  in  the  absence  of  a 
second,  external  row  of  frontal  bristles,  and  in  the  course  of  the 
auxiliary  vein,  which,  in  the  Tryp^.tidse,  is  obliterated  at  the 
end  and  turns  rather  abruptly,  at  a  more  or  less  right  angle,  to- 
wards the  costa. 

From  the  Pallopteridse,  the  Orfalidse  differ  in  the  more  con- 
siderable sire  of  the  two  posterior  basal  cells. 

A  relationship  of  the  second  degree  connects  the  Orlalidse  with 
the  Sepaidse  and  Calobatidse,  as  well  ns  these  families  with  each 
other.  Both  dilTer  from  the  Orlalidse  distinctly  in  the  structure 
of  the  male  hypopygiuni  and  the  want  of  a  horny,  three-jointed 
ovipositor,  ending  in  a  simple,  hairless  point.  The  Sepsidse  dif- 
fer moreover  in  their  rudimentary  palpi  from  the  Orlalidse,  as 
well  as  from  the  Calobntidfe. 

With  those  of  the  closely  related  families  which,  among  their 
characters,  have  an  erect  preapical  bristle  before  the  tip  of  the 
tibifB,  and,  at  the  same  time,  do  not  have  any  vibrissoe,  that  is, 
with  the  Sop'omyzidse  and  Sciomyzidfe,  the  Orlalidse  have  only 
a  very  distant  relationship.  I  would  have  left  it  unmentioned  if 
the  genus  Bhopalomera,  which  I  consider  as  belonging  to  the 
Sapromyzidse,  had  not  l)eon  ]»laced  among  the  Ortnlidfie.  The 
presence  of  an  erect  bristle  before  the  end  of  the  tibise,  the  diflVr- 
ent  structure  of  the  hypopygiuni  in  the  male,  the  absence  of  an 


ORTALID.E. — INTRODUCTION. 


81 


ovipositor,  similar  to  that  of  the  Ortalidse,  suflQciently  distinguish 
the  Sapromyzidas  and  Sciomyzidae. 

Diagnostic  or  Artificial  Definition  of  the  Ortalidse. 

The  statements  about  the  relationship  of  the  Ortalidse  prove 
that  the  following  characters  are  suflicient  to  distinguish  this 
family  from  all  the  others,  in  other  words,  to  constitute  its  arti- 
ficial definition. 

Male  with  a  rolled-up,  long  penis  ;  female  with  a  three-jointed, 
horny  ovipositor,  ending  in  a  simple  point.  Front  without  a 
second  lateral  row  of  bristles.  No  vibrissa;.  Complete  venation 
of  the  Dipfera  acalyptera  ;  auxiliary  vein  distinct  to  its  very  tip, 
ending  in  the  costa  at  an  acute  angle;  the  two  posterior  basal 
cells  large.  The  middle  tibia;  alone  are  provided  with  spurs;  all 
the  tibitB  are  without  an  erect  bristle  before  the  end  of  their 
upper  side. 


•'-in 


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II. 


SYSTEMATIC  DISTRIBUTION  OF  THE  ORTALIDH. 

The  last,  but  not  the  easiest,  task  which  it  remains  for  me  to 
fulfil  is  the  systematic  distribution  of  the  family  Ortalidae.  In 
attempting  it,  I  will  princii^ally  confine  myself  to  those  genera 
and  species  which  I  possess  in  my  own  collection.  Only  iu 
exceptional  instances,  and  with  especial  caution,  will  I  allow 
myself  to  transgress  the  limit  of  what  I  have,  or  have  had,  before 
me,  as  the  statements  concerning  the  other  genera  and  species 
which  have  been  published  are  st  Idon^  ^oaiplete  enough  to  afford 
the  uecessary  data  for  the  discrimination  of  their  position  in  the 
system. 

In  order  to  obtain  a  preliminary  survey  I  first  divide  the 
Orlalidse  in  two  large  divisions ;  to  the  first  belong  those  which 
have  the  first  longitudinal  vein  beset  with  bristles  or  hairs;  to 
the  second,  those  the  first  longitudinal  vein  of  which  is  bare. 

FIRST  DIVISION. 

Ortalid^  with  a  Bristly  or  Hairy  First  Longitudinal 

Vein.  , 

Among  the  European  Ortalidse  of  this  divisir/n  five  diverging 
forms  will  easily  be  noticed  :  1.  Adaptiilia;  .'  ^'-'alis  Meig., 
of  course  to  the  exclusion  o*"  0.  si/n(/i'nei<^'sc  .^m  i'ftraH.s;  3. 
jt*lahj stoma ;  4.    Cephalia;  and  5.   Sca(op}iaga,/at'''i(a¥a.h. 

All  the  other  European  genera  with  a  bristly  first  longitudinal 
vein  can  be  grouped  around  these  five  types,  with  the  exception 
perhaps  of  the  somewhat  recalcitrant  genus  Psairvptera.  The 
same  may  be  said  of  all  the  exotic  Orlalidse  of  this  division 
which  I  know  of  Thus,  the  Orlalidee  of  the  first  division  may 
be  naturally  divided  into  five  groups. 

We  will  characterize  these  groups  only  after  having  made  out 
the  genera  whieh  belong  to  them,  and  we  will  proceed  to  the  dis- 
covery of  these  genera  by  means  of  the  principal  characters  which 
distinguish  the  above-mentioned  five  types. 
I  32  ) 


H  ■<  '-'M 


ORTALIDJE — SYtTEVATIC    DISTRIlilTION. 


83 


Adapxilia  .sliuws  a  t-trikiiig  (•liaraeter,  distinguishing  it  from 
oil  the  others,  iu  the  abaeuce  of  ocelli  uud  the  not  flattened  ovi- 
positor, 

Scalophaga  fasciata  with  its  broad  and  low  head,  the  circular 
shape  of  its  third  antennal  joint,  and  the  considerable  distance 
intervening  between  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  that  of  tlie 
first  longitudinal,  has  a  general  appearance  which  differs  from 
the  four  other  types  so  much  that  for  a  long  time  the  close  re- 
lationship of  this  species  with  the  others  was,  for  this  reason, 
misunderstood. 

Ortalis,  Platyatoma,  and  Cephalia  differ  in  a  .ery  marked 
way  in  the  mode  of  insertion  of  the  bristles  upon  the  pleura;. 

Ortalis  has  a  strong  bristle  immediately  above  the  basis  of  the 
fore  coxae  ;  this  bristle  is  not  extant  in  Cej'halia  and  Plafijsloma. 

Cephalia  has  above  the  middle  coxae,  but  below  the  longitudi- 
nal suture  of  the  pleura;,  a  strong  bristle,  which  is  also  present 
in  Ortalis,  but  entirely  wanting  in  Flafi/stonia.  If,  for  the  sake 
of  brevity,  I  call  the  first  protho7'acic,  the  second  mesothoracic 
bristle,  the  difference  between  these  three  genera  will  be  as  fol- 
lows :  Ortalis  has  a  prothoracic  and  a  niesothoracic  bristle ; 
Cephalia  has  the  mesothoracic  bristle  only  ;  in  Platystoma  both 
are  wanting. 

First  Section :  Pyrgotina. 

I  borrow  the  name  of  this  group  from  the  genus  Pyrgota  "Wied., 
to  which  Adapsilia  is  most  closely  related.  Both  genera  agree 
in  the  absence  of  ocelli,  in  the  projecting  front,  the  prolonged 
second  antennul  joint,  the  retreating  face,  the  comparatively  but 
little  developed  clypeus,  the  prolongation  of  the  first  abdominal 
segment  in  both  sexes,  and  the  contraction  of  the  following  seg- 
ments in  the  female,  as  well  as  in  the  capsule-shaped  structure 
of  the  first  joint  of  the  ovipositor,  and  in  several  other  sub- 
ordinate characters. 

The  principal  difference  between  these  genera  consists  in  the 
structure  of  the  antennal  fovea;,  which,  in  Adapsilia,  run  down 
in  a  parallel  direction  as  far  as  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  and  are 
separated  by  a  straight  ridge,  while  in  Pyrgota  they  end  at  some 
distance  from  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  and  are  more  or  less 
coalcscent. 

The  South-African  genus,  Ilypotyphla,  founded  by  me,  agrees 
3 


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84 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


[part  i:i. 


with  Pyrgota  and  AdapsiUa  in  the  want  of  ocelli,  and  rusemblop 
Adapsilia  very  much  i;:  the  structure  of  the  face ;  but  it  differs  in 
the  but  inconsiderable  elongation  of  the  first  abdominal  segment, 
in  the  greater  length  of  the  other  segments  of  the  female  abdomen, 
and  especially  iu  the  long,  elongated-conical,  but  not  flattened 
ovipositor. 

Judging  by  the  figure  which  Macquart  gives  of  his  Toxura 
maculipennis,  I  must  suppose  with  a  considerable  degree  of  pro- 
bability, that  it  likewise  belongs  in  this  circle  of  relationship. 

1  have  no  doubt  that  the  interesting  genus  Toxotrypana  Gerst., 
if  placed  in  the  family  Ortalidse,  would  find  its  location  in  the 
section  Pyrgotina,  on  account  of  its  not  flattened  ovipositor,  it? 
hairy  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  the  small  development  of  its 
clj'pcus.  The  presence  of  ocelli,  the  enormous  length  of  the  ovi- 
positor, and  the  elongation  of  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  ctll 
into  a  very  long  lobe  distinguish  this  genus  from  the  othor 
genera  of  the  group  in  a  most  marked  manner.  I  have  already 
alluded  to  the  fact  that  this  genus  shows  some  characters  whieli 
would  seem  to  justify  its  location  not  among  the  Ortalidee  ut 
all,  but  among  the  Trypetidse  of  the  group  Dacina. 

Mr.  Macquart  has  established  the  genu^  Ileterogaster  for  a 
South-African  species.  As  the  name  he  gave  to  this  genus  was 
preoccupied  a  long  time  ago,  I  replace  it  by  the  name  oi  Spheno- 
prosopa.  This  genus  is  very  like  Adopailia  in  the  structure  of 
the  head ;  in  the  profile  it  projects  considerably  in  front  of  the 
eyes  :  the  middle  of  the  face  forms  a  high  and  straight  ridge 
descending  perpendicularly  ;  alongside  of  it  the  antenna!  fovcfe, 
which  are  further  from  the  middle  than  usual,  descend  perpendi- 
cularly to  the  edge  of  the  mouth.  The  cheeks  are  very  broad. 
The  oral  opening  is  very  small,  the  clypeus  but  little  developed, 
and  the  proboscis  not  incrassated.  Sphenoprosopa  diflFers  from 
Adapsilia,  Pyrgota,  and  Hypotyphla  by  the  presence  of  distinct 
ocelli,  the  great  elongation  of  the  third  antennal  joint,  which 
nearly  reaches  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  the  enormous  development 
of  the  last  segment  of  the  abdomen  of  the  male,  very  approxi- 
mated cross-veins,  very  parallel  longitudinal  veins,  and  a  not 
acute  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell.  The  first  and  third  lon^n- 
tudinal  veins  are  distinctly  bristlv.  I  have  no  doubt  tliat 
Sphenoprosojja  belongs  to  the  Pyrgotina,  although,  on  the 
other   hand,  I   must   acknowledge   that  several  of  the   above- 


ORTALID-ff) — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION. 


86 


quoted  characters  seem  to  point  towards  a  relationship  with 
Flati/sloma.  But  I  am  prevented  from  laying  much  stress  upon 
them  by  the  small  development  of  the  clypeus  and  the  not  in- 
crassated  proboscis,  characters  which  are  not  usual  in  the  circle 
of  relationship  of  J'lali/stoma. 

The  typical  species  of  the  genus  Dichromyia,  proposed  by 
Rob.  Desvoidy,  is  Wiedemann's  Tetanopa  sanguinicej)H  from 
Brazil.  Macquart  afterwards  described  a  second  species,  Dichro- 
vujia  cajfra.  I  cannot  approve  of  these  two  species  being  united 
in  the  same  genus.  The  front  of  D.  caffra  is  much  shorter,  and 
anteriorly  it  does  not  project  as  much  iu  the  profile  as  in  D.  mri. 
yuiniceps;  moreover  the  ocelli  are  wanting  here,  while  the  other 
species  has  them,  and  the  vertical  diameter  of  their  eyes  is  much 
longer  than  the  horizontal,  while  in  D.  sanguiniceps  the  hori- 
zontal diameter  exceeds  the  vertical ;  the  scutellum  is  convex, 
and  the  tegulae  very  large,  while  D.  sanguiniceps  has  a  flat 
scutellum  and  small  tegulaj.  Whether  the  longitudinal  veins  are 
beset  with  bristles  in  the  same  manner  in  both  species  or  not. 
I  cannot  state  positively ;  in  D.  cajfra  the  first  and  third  veins 
are  very  distinctly  beset  with  hairs;  in  D.  sanguiniceps,  if  I 
remember  right,  tiiC  first  vein  is  beset  with  a  hardly  perceptible 
pubescence,  but  I  cannot  positively  affirm  that  such  is  the  case. 
But  without  insisting  upon  this  difference,  the  others  are  sufficient 
to  justify  a  generic  separation.  For  this  reason  I  have  established 
for  D.  caffra  Macq.  a  species  generally  found  on  an  offensively 
smelling  plant,  the  new  genus  Bromophila. 

As  to  the  final  decision  about  the  place  of  the  American  genus 
Dichromyia,  I  must  leave  it  in  abeyance  until  I  have  an  oppor- 
tunity to  examine  both  sexes  of  D.  sanguiniceps. 

The  ovipositor  of  the  species  of  Bromophila  is  much  more  re- 
tracted than  in  the  other  genera  of  the  present  group ;  and 
although  not  flattened,  it  is  not  at  all  incrassated ;  unfortunately 
I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  on  any  female  specimen  whether 
the  ovipositor  ends  in  a  simple  point,  as  it  seems  to  me  it  docs. 
Should  this  not  be  the  case,  the  genus  would  not  belong  to  the 
Orialidse  at  all.  At  present  I  cannot  find  a  better  place  for  it 
than  in  the  neighborhood  of  Pyrgota. 

I  know  of  no  other  genera  belonging  to  the  Pyrgotina.  At 
present,  therefore,  the  section  is  composed  as  follows  : — 

1.  Pyrgota  Wied. ;  2.  Adapsima  Waga. ;  3.  Toxura  Macq. ; 


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36 


DIPTERA    OF    NOliril    AMEKICA. 


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4.    llYPOTYPIILA  L\V.  ;    5.    TOXOTIIYPANA  Goi'St.  ;    fi.   Sl'llKNOI'UO- 

Boi'A,  L\v. ;  7.  Bkomophila,  L\v.  ;  and  8.  Dichuumyia,  11.  Dtsv. 
Tilt'  Oual  decision  about  tlie  location  of  Toxolrypana,  Bromo- 
phila,  and  Dichromyia  is,  of  course,  reserved. 

The  characters  common  to  these  eiglit  genera  are  :  oral  open- 
ing small ;  proboscis  not  incrassated  ;  clypeus  but  little  developed  ; 
no  bristle  upon  the  broad  cheeks,  and  no  bristle  innnediaieiy 
over  the  fore  cox«e  ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  hairy  ;  the  costal 
vein  so  >  attenuates  beyond  the  end  of  the  third  longitudinal 
vein.     Tiiv  ovipositor  is  not  flattened. 

Second  Section :  Plattjstomina. 

The  name  of  this  section  is  derived  from  Plafytitoma  Meig., 
the  oldest  and  best  known  genus  in  it. 

Platystoma  is  represented  in  Europe  by  a  number  of  closely 
allied  species  which  must  be  considered  as  typical.  "We  may 
entertain  different  views  on  the  extent  of  the  genus  PlahjHloDtu, 
stillwe  would  not  be  justified  iu  introducing  in  it,  as  has  often 
been  done,  species  which,  in  the  majority  of  the  most  important 
characters,  differ  from  the  European  Platystomse.  In  fact,  most 
of  the  exotic  species,  described  by  different  authors  as  belonging 
to  Platystoma,  do  not  belong  to  it  at  all. 

The  Dictya  decora  Fabr.,  identical  with  Tephritis  violacea 
Gray,  and  placed  by  "Wiedemann  among  the  Platystomse,  has  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  into  a  long  lobe  ;  this 
character  at  once  distinguishes  this  species,  not  only  from  Platy- 
stoma proper,  but  from  all  the  genera  closely  related  to  it.  Mac- 
quart  was  right  in  establishing  the  new  genus  Loxoneura  for  it. 
"U'alker  afterwards  called  it  Zona,  Judging  from  the  figure  of 
the  head  of  Loxoneura  decora,  in  profile,  given  by  Macquart  in  the 
Diptdres  Exotiques,  this  genus  must  belong  to  the  Platystomina ; 
the  absence  of  the  pro-  and  niesothoracic  bristles,  and  the  only 
four-jointed  abdomen  of  the  female  confirm  the  correctness  of 
this  location  ;  the  fore  femora  are  spinous. 

Whether  the  South-American  Platystoma  stictica  Fab.  really 
belongs  to  Platystoma  is  very  doubtful. 

Only  a  few  of  the  species,  placed  by  Macquart  in  the  genus 
Platystoma  really  belong  there,  for  instance,  none  of  his  Ameri- 
can species.  Platystoma  fascipennis  and  ocellata  are  Ortalidse, 
but  belong  to  the  Pterocallina,  not  to  the  Platystomina.    Platy- 


ORTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC    DISTIUBUTION. 


87 


stoma  lunvlcUa  belongs,  unless  the  figure  of  the  head  is  entirely 
incorrect,  to  the  Irypctidae  and  not  to  the  Ortalidse.  Tlie  same 
may  be  said  of  Plaltjdoma  latipennis,  of  wliicli  Macquart  does 
not  give  the  hahilat,  but  which  is  American. 

In  the  same  way  as  those  species  of  Macquart,  "Walker's 
Platystoma  auslraliii,  from  Australia,  does  not  belong  to  tliis 
genus.  It  seems  even  that  not  one  of  the  Australian  Platyxtomee 
hitherto  described  is  a  real  Plalystoma,  and  that  this  genus  is 
confined  to  the  three  old  continents. 

Should  we  even  confine,  as  we  must  necessarily  do,  the  genus 
Platysloma  to  those  species  only  which  agree  with  the  European 
species  in  the  formation  of  the  head,  in  the  venation,  and  in  the 
peculiar  picture  of  the  wings,  we  will  find  species  in  it  which 
show  some,  and  not  unimportant,  plastic  dilTercnces.  To  the 
European  species,  the  arista  of  which  has  only  a  short  pubescence, 
may  be  opposed  African  species,  some  of  which  have  the  arista 
perfectly  bare,  and  the  scutellum  very  luuch  swollen,  with  only 
four  bristles  upon  it  (for  instance,  Platystoma  aaphoUina  Wied.); 
others,  on  the  contrary,  with  a  feathery  ari.sta.  The  latter  are 
again  divided  in  species,  in  which,  as  in  the  European  species, 
the  scutellum  has  six  bristles,  and  the  femora  are  unarmed  (for 
instance,  Platystoma  nigronotata  Lw.);  and  in  such  the  scutel- 
lum of  which  has  four  bristles,  and  the  front  femora  of  which,  on 
the  under  side,  towards  the  tip,  are  armed  with  a  few  little 
spines.  The  latter,  and  among  them  P.  pectoralls  Lw.,  differ 
moreover  from  the  former  in  the  usually  more  metallic  coloring 
of  the  conspicuously  broad  abdomen,  the  upper  half  segments  of 
which  have  a  much  harder  consistency  than  in  the  other  species ; 
and  besides,  in  such  species,  the  two  parts  of  the  first  abdominal 
segment,  which  represent  the  first  two  al)dominal  segments  of 
other  diptera,  are  not  completely  coalescent.  It  results  from  Ihe 
foregoing  that  Platyfitoma  may  easily  be  subdivided  in  four 
smaller  genera,  which  can  be  distinguished  by  the  following 
characters  : — 

1.  Arista  bare ;  femora  unarmed ;  scutellum  swollen,  with 
four  bristles  ;   type  :   P.  aaphaUina  Wied. 

2.  Arista  with  a  very  short  pubescence  ;  femora  unarmed  ; 
scutellum  moderately  convex,  with  six  bristles  ;  type:  P.  umbra- 
rum  Lw. 


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88 


DIPTERA    OF    NOIITII    AMKUICA. 


[I'AUT  III. 


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3.  Arista  feathery ;  femora  unarmed ;  scutcllum  moUerutely 
convex,  with  six  bristles ;  type  ;  F.  nigronotata  Lw. 

4.  Arista  feathery  ;  front  femora  spinous  ;  scutellura  but  little 
convex,  with  four  l)ristles  ;   type  :  P.  poUuralis  Lw. 

As  in  the  remaining  parts  of  the  organization  there  is  a  grc^t 
deal  of  agreement  among  all  the  Pla/i/stomae,  and  as  at  the  same 
time  the  number  of  the  described  species  is  not  large  enough  to 
require  a  further  subdivision  of  the  genus,  wo  may  leave  it  undi- 
vided for  the  present.  Walker's  genus  Yalonia  is  closely  allied 
to  Platysloma.  Unfortunately,  1  possess  only  a  single  male  of 
Valonia  complicata  Walk.,  which,  moreover,  is  not  very  well 
preserved,  The  structure  of  the  head,  the  thorax,  and  the  feet, 
as  well  as  the  venation,  do  not  show  anything  which  would 
justify  a  generic  separation  from  Plahjstoma.  The  facts  that  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  is  a  little  shorter,  and  more  curved  for- 
ward, and  that  the  small  crossvein  is  a  little  nearer  the  end  of 
the  discal  cell,  are  evidently  not  sufficient  for  such  a  course. 
The  very  much  swollen  and  apparently  only  too  bristly  scutelluni, 
as  well  as  the  moderate  breadth  and  smooth  surface  of  the  upper 
abdominal  segments,  would  furnish  a  better  ground  for  a  separa- 
tion from  Platysloma.  At  all  events,  thus  much  is  evident,  that 
Valonia  does  not  show  any  distinctive  characters  more  important 
than  those  of  the  four  genera  would  be  in  which,  as  I  have 
shown  above,  Platystoma  might  be  subdivided. 

Platystoma  cincta,  from  Port  Jackson,  described  by  Guerin 
(  Voyage  de  la  CoquiUe),  may  be  considered  as  the  type  of  a 
separate  genus,  allied  to  Platystoma.  Several  Australian  and 
African  species  are  closely  connected  with  it.  If  I  remember 
right,  such  species  are  designated  in  the  Berlin  Museum  by  the 
new  generic  name  of  Pachycephala.  But  as  a  genus  Pachyce- 
phalus  exists  already,  I  propose  the  name  Sciiolastes.  Such 
species  differ  from  Platystoma  in  the  head  being  larger,  the  front 
much  broader,  the  portion  of  the  face  between  the  foveae  much 
more  excavated,  and  the  much  narrower  clypeus  not  protruding; 
the  occiput  likewise  is  much  less  swollen,  so  that  the  head  is 
much  more  closely  applied  to  the  thorax,  and  appears  entirely 
sessile  in  the  profile ;  the  thorax  is  much  broader  and  flatter ; 
the  scutellum  likewise,  much  larger  and  flatter,  but  with  six 
bristles  ;  the  tegulte  are  as  much  developed  as  in  Platystoma.  The 
structure  of  the  abdomen  and  of  the  feet,  as  well  as  the  venation, 


ORTALIDiE — SYjSTK.MATIC    DISTUIHUTION. 


39 


do  not  show  any  important  difference  from  Plali/sloma;  still  it 
is  worthy  of  notice  tiiat  the  under  side  of  the  front  femora  is  beset 
with  a  row  of  little  black  bristles,  which  in  the  larger  species 
assume  the  shape  of  slender  spines.  The  coloring  of  the  body 
is  generally  ochre,  or  ferruginous-yellow,  usually  with  black 
longitudinal  stripes  on  the  thorax  ;  the  picture  of  the  wings  con- 
sists of  numerous  black  spots,  which  often  coalesce  into  cross- 
bands.  In  Scholastes  cinclus  Gucr.,  and  the  species  from 
Australia  allied  to  it,  the  first  liulf  of  the  arista  is  feathery,  the 
second  bare,  and  on  the  thoracic  dorsum  there  are  two  rather 
distant  rows  of  short,  but  strong  bristles.  The  African  Scho- 
lasles,  as  the  type  of  which  I  consider  S.  neplicula  Lw.,  from 
Guinea,  have  the  whole  arista  bare  and  no  trace  of  rows  of 
bristles  on  the  thora.x.  These  characters  may  afford  a  ground 
for  dividing  Scholastes  in  two  genera,  in  which  case  the  present 
generic  name  would  Lave  to  remain  with  the  genus  containing 
6'.  cinctus  Guer. 

Another  genus,  closely  related  to  Platystoma,  containing,  as  it 
seems,  exclusively  Australian  species,  is  the  genus  Lami'Rogas- 
TER  Macq.,  with  which  Chromatomyia  Walk,  is  synonymous. 
The  structure  of  the  thorax,  of  the  abdoi.  I'n,  and  of  the  feet,  as 
well  as  the  venation,  are  very  much  in  agreement  with  Platy- 
stoma. The  teguliB  are  large,  larger  than  those  of  most  Platy- 
stomae.  The  structure  and  the  arrangement  of  the  bristles  of 
the  front  are  likewise  similar  to  those  of  Platystoma ;  only  the 
third  antennal  joint  is  much  longer;  not  only  are  the  antennal 
foveiB  also  longer,  but  deeper  and  more  sharply  defined,  on  their 
iusicio  especially ;  the  clypeus  is  of  the  same  breadth  as  in  Pla- 
tystoma, but  noi  projecting;  the  palpi  usually  towards  their  end 
are  not  as  broad  as  in  Platystoma,  and  the  occiimt  is  less  swollen  ; 
the  scutcUum  is  strikingly  swollen  and  provided  with  six  bristles. 
The  abdomen  of  all  the  species  is  of  a  brilliant  metallic  color, 
which  the  scutellum  and  the  middle  of  the  thorax  often  share  with 
it;  on  the  latter,  however,  the  metallic  color  is  generally  con- 
cealed by  the  presence  of  pollinose  longitudinal  stripes,  and  of 
an  appressod  pubescence  of  a  light  color.  Otherwise,  the  color- 
ing of  the  thorax  generally  is  brown  or  chestnut-red,  which  color, 
in  many  specimens,  also  extends  over  the  scutellum  ;  the  color- 
ing of  the  wings  consists  of  a  few  black  spots.  All  the  known 
species  of  Lamprogaster  have  unarmed  femora  and  a  bare  arista  ; 


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40 


DII'TEHA   OP    NOUTH    AMKIUCA. 


[part  III, 


lr;..i,i|i 


III'    ' 


-.1    ■ 


ill  general,  their  plastic  characters  ari>  so  much  alike  that  I  cui- 
not  point  out  any  peculiarity,  auioiig  the  species  I  know  of,  wiiicli 
might  give  rise  to  a  generic  subdivision. 

Next  to  Lamjtrofjaitter  stands  a  genus  of  which  Smupfrrina 
decora  Mae(j.,  from  Tasmania,  may  be  considered  as  the  type;  I 
call  it  EuciiAiiCOTA.     The  front  is  of  al)out  the  same  breadth  as 
in  LamprogaiiU'r ,  but  is  Oatter  and  altogether  furrowed-scrobi- 
culate.    The  third  antciiiiul  joint  is  still  longer  here  ;  the  sharply 
defined,  deep  antciinal  fovete  arc  once  and  a  half  the  length  of 
those  of  Lamprof/uMcr,  and  reach  almost  altogether  as  far  down 
as  the  front  part  of  the  lateral  edge  of  the  mouth;  the  arista  is 
beset  with  a  short  pul)escencc  near  its  basis,  otherwise  bare  ; 
the  clypeus  is  perceptibly  narrower ;  the  occiput  is  less  swollen, 
so  that  the  head  is  more  closely  applied  to  the  thorax.     The 
latter  is  strongly  built,  but  not  us  broad  in  the  region  of  the 
wings,  and  hence,  of  a  more  e(|ual  breadth;  scutellura  convex, 
but  not  swollen,  provided  with  six  bristles.      The  venation  is 
similar  to  that  of  the  preceding  genera,  but  differs  in  the  fourth 
vein  being  gently  curved  forward  before  its  end,  and  in  the  third 
vein  being  gently  bent  backward,  so  that  the  first  posterior  cell 
is  distinctly  attenuated  towards  its  end.     The  coloring  of  thorax 
and  abdomen  is  altogether  metallic.     In  thus  defining  the  ehar- 
acters  of  the  genus,  I  have  taken  in  consideration  some  8i)ecies 
from  Australia,  which  can  very  well  be  placed  in  the  same  genus 
with  the  above  named  typical  species  ;  nevertheless,  they  show 
the  following  differences :  the  wings  are  comparatively  longer 
and  without  any  picture,  while  in  Euchalcota  decora,  the  cross- 
veins  have  dark  borders  alongside  of  them ;  there  are  no  other 
bristles  in  front  of  the  row  of  bristles  along  the  posterior  part  of 
the  thoracic  dorsum,   while  in   E.   decora,  there  are  some  few 
shorter  and  thinner  bristles  immediately  in  front  of  that  posterior 
row.     There  is  do  necessity  for  a  generic  separation  yet.     I  can- 
not identify  any  of  my  species  from  Australia  in  a  sati.sfactory 
manner;  it  may  be   that  Chromatomyia   laeta  Walk,   belcngs 
here. 

It  would  be  difficult  to  explain  why  Macquart  places  E^i- 
chalcota  decora  in  his  genus  Senopterina.  The  structure  of  the 
face  and  the  shape  of  the  thorax  are  entirely  different.  The 
comparatively  narrow  abdomen  of  the  male  (I  have  not  seen  the 
other  sex)  is  almost  the  only  point  of  resemblance. 


•^i: 


ORTALIU-E — SYSTEMATIC    DISTRinLTTON. 


41 


Tlie  genus  Dlomyia,  of  Walker,  is  probably  closely  allietl  to 
the  above  named  two  genera.  Its  defitiition  is  too  insiilVieieiit 
to  enable  us  to  tbrin  a  trustworthy  opinion.  The  irregularly 
formed  name  cannot  po.ssibly  be  preserved. 

Two  species  closely  related  to  eueli  other,  l)elonging  to  the 
section  Pluli/stoniina,  Mttc(pmrt(in  the  J)ij)t.  Ejcolitjiiftt)  has  de- 
scribed as  Tcji/irilis  cncrulca,  and  i<lri(jipcnniit.  With  several 
other  Australian  species,  very  similar  to  them,  they  can  bo  united 
in  a  genus  which  may  be  called  ('KiiKTOii.  The  very  striking 
characters  of  this  gonus  are  the  following:  The  structure  of  tlio 
body  is  Tnjpnta-Wke,  with  the  exception,  however,  of  the  head. 
Front  of  an  equal  breadth,  very  steep  and  long,  so  that  the  an- 
tenna) are  situated  much  deeper  than  in  any  other  genus  of  the 
present  group  ;  the  front  is  evenly  and  rather  densely  pilose  ; 
the  bristles  of  the  vertex  and  the  lateral  bristles,  closely  approxi- 
mated to  them  are  rather  stout;  the  ocelli  are  near  the  edge  of 
the  vertex  and  closely  approximated  to  each  other;  the  two 
bristles,  which  otherwise  are  near  them,  are  wanting  here.  An- 
tenna; short,  hardly  reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  face ; 
their  tliird  joint  of  equal  breadth,  with  an  acute  anterior  angle; 
antennal  arista  slender,  bare.  Middle  portion  of  the  face  con- 
cave; clypeus  rather  broad,  projecting;  proboscis  stout;  ])alpi 
rather  broad  towards  their  end.  Eyes  very  high  and  narrow ; 
cheeks  broad ;  the  lower  part  of  the  occii)ut  strongly  turgid. 
Thorax  str^'ngly  developed,  rather  of  on  equal  breadth;  scntel- 
liim  turgid,  overhanging  the  perpendicular  metathorax,  with  six 
bristles.  Abdonicn  with  four  segments  in  both  sexes,  as  in  the 
preceding  genera;  the  last  segment  of  the  female  abdomen 
generally  of  a  softer  consistency.  The  first  joint  of  the  oviposi- 
tor flattened,  always  entirely  protruding,  suddenly  attenuated 
near  the  basis,  more  gradually  towards  the  tip,  thus  having 
an  almost  oval  outline.  Wings  rather  large,  broad  towards  the 
basis;  the  auxiliary  vein  lies  very  near  the  first  longitudinal,  its 
end,  however,  diverges  from  it  at  an  obtuse  angle  towards  the 
costa,  and  preserves  its  distinctness  and  stoutness  to  the  very 
tip.  Otherwise,  the  venation  is  not  unlike  that  of  Plntystoma, 
LamprofjaHter,  etc.,  only  the  small  crossvein  is  beyond  the  hist 
third  of  the  discal  cell,  a  position  somewhat  reminding  of  Vnhmia 
Walk.  The  coloring  of  the  body  is  blackish-l)lue,  seldom  verging 
on  greenish  ;  the  front  red  or  reddish-brown  ;  the  lateral  borders 


:\-' 


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ix. : 


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42 


DIPTEllA   OF    NUIITII    AMEUICA. 


[rAHT  III. 


!■ ' ;  j 


*:*;  1  ■ 


mi 


!'  '■1''l'S'-i       '  'I'  1 


(      " 


with  white  pollen ;  wings  liyuiini! ;  all  tho  four  species  known 
to  uio  have  erossbands,  connected  near  tho  nnterior  niarfjin,  thus 
forming  an  inverted  \,  and  with  atiiird  black  i)and,  bonlcring  the 
apex;  moreover,  near  the  basis  of  the  wing  there  is  a  large 
spot  in  the  shaj)©  of  a  band,  or  numerous  black  spots  which  form 
a  kind  of  network,  not  unlike  that  of  Home  species  of  I'dalophora. 
This  diiferenee  in  the  picture  of  the  wings  is  accompanied  by- 
some  plastic  dillerenees  which,  if  the  number  of  species  were 
larger,  could  8(!rve  for  a  subdivision  in  two  genera.  Those 
species  which  have  the  large  spot  in  the  shape  of  a  crossband 
near  the  basis  of  the  wings  have  at  the  same  time  the  lateral 
parts  of  the  face  very  broad,  while  they  are  very  narrow  in  the 
species  which  have  the  picture  in  the  shape  of  a  network ;  the 
former  have  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  smaller,  the  latter 
larger  than  a  right  angle,  so  that  in  the  former,  the  angle  is  a 
large  acute  one,  in  the  latter,  a  small  obtuse  one.  One  of  the 
species  from  Australia  in  my  coll'^"tiGn,  belonging  to  the  second 
group,  is  distinguished  by  the  v  abnormal  structure  of  the 
hind  tibiie  of  the  male.  Amoi.  „  species  already  published, 
besides  the  two  described  by  Macquart,  and  mentioned  al)ove  as 
typical,  Ortalis  trifasciala  Doleschall,  from  Amboina,  may  like- 
wise, perhaps,  belong  to  tho  getius  Celelor. 

Macquart,  in  the  DijMres  Exidiques,  describes  as  Eniconeura 
violacea  a  species  distinguished  by  some  peculiar  characters, 
which  undoiibtedly  is  to  be  considered  as  the  type  of  a  distinct 
genus  of  riahjtitomina.  The  name  Eniconeura,  or  "more  cor- 
rectly Ilcniconeura,  cannot  be  retained,  as  it  has  been  already 
used  by  ]Macquart  himself  for  a  genus  of  Bomhylidae.  The  genus 
may  be  called  Clitodoca.  According  to  that  author  it  inhabits 
the  East  Indies ;  but  this  statement  may  perhaps  be  erroneous, 
as  I  have  seen  a  fly  said  to  be  from  Guinea,  and  in  which  I  think 
I  recognize  Macquart's  species ;  there  is  a  slight  difference  in 
the  picture  of  the  wing,  as  represented  on  Macquart's  figure,  hut 
the  agreement  of  the  description  is  perfect,  and  seems  fully  to 
justify  my  supposition.  By  all  means  the  species  is  a  Clitodoca. 
The  characters  of  Clitodoca  may  be  put  down  as  follows  :  head 
large,  almost  square,  with  a  very  short  longitudinal  diameter; 
antenna^  narrow,  descending  to  the  middle  of  the  face;  arista 
with  a  distinct  pubescence;  face  concave,  its  lateral  portions  very 
narrow  ;  oral  opening  very  large,  broader  than  long ;  clypeus  nut 


!*♦ 


'iV.fl 


ORTALIDi^E — SYSTEMATIC    DISTIUIJITION. 


48 


disciform,  but  repreaciititig  a  swelling  uf  the  gulu,  niitl  lu-iicc,  re- 
luiiitliiig  of  a  HJinilur  stnicturu  in  Luxoiieura,  in  \viii(li  it  iilKs  thu 
greiitiT  purt  of  the  orul  o|teiiiiig.  Troboscis  l)iit  little  swulU'ii ; 
palpi  of  a  nioderuto  breudtli.  Thorax  very  stoiil.  Aluloiuuu 
coinpiirativcly  very  slujrt  uiid  narrow,  con.sisting  of  four  scg- 
meiitH.  Feet  long ;  wings  very  large  ;  the  end  of  the  auxiliary 
vein  almost  oblileruto  ;  the  Heeond  longitudinal  vein  very  strongly 
bisiniiuto ;  the  third  and  fourth  strongly  convergent  towartls 
their  end;  the  posterior  oroHsveiu  very  oblicpie ;  all  the  basial 
cells  very  long ;  the  anal  cell  has  an  acute  posterior  angle. 

Among  the  sjjecles  which  Wiedenumn  places  in  the  genus 
Ortdtis,  there  are  three  closely  allied  ones,  which  do  neither  be- 
long in  the  genus  Ortatin,  nor  in  the  group  Orlalinn.  They 
have  to  form  a  separate  genus  in  the  group  riah/nluudiKi,  which 
I  will  call  Enoistoneura.  They  are:  Oiialiii  m<iirr>iK  Fab., 
parallda  Wied.,  and  lugens  Fab. ;  Trmnla  alh<ji-(iria  Wall;., 
may  be  added  as  a  fourth  species,  uidcss  it  is  syinjiiynious  with 
0.  moerens  Fab.,  which  may  po.ssibly  be  the  case.  'I'he  follow- 
ing characters  distinguish  the  genus  Eiiyixtoneura.  They  are 
large  flies  of  yellowish  coloring,  with  a  very  much  developed 
thorax,  especially  broad  between  the  roots  of  the  wings ;  its  con- 
vexity, however,  is  very  small;  tho  abdomen  is  comparatively 
small,  of  a  metallic  violet  color.  The  structure  of  the  head  some- 
what reminds  of  Dacus.  The  antenna)  reach  the  middle  or  a  little 
below  the  middle  of  tho  face ;  the  long  arista  is  distinctly 
feathery.  The  fovese,  which  reach  a  little  below  the  middle 
of  the  face,  are  very  .sharply  defined.  Clypeus  distinct;  pro- 
boscis of  moderate  stoutness,  with  a  but  little  developed  nieii- 
tum;  palpi  rather  broad.  Scutelluin  large,  but  little  convex, 
overlianging  the  metathorax  more  than  in  most  of  the  other 
genera  of  the  Plnti/stomina ;  it  has  six  bristles.  Alidonicn 
rather  cylindrical.  Feet  of  moderate  length  and  not  very  strong  ; 
the  front  femora  on  the  under  side,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  tip,  with  a 
few  bristle-like  spines.  Wings  large,  rather  narrow  towards  the 
basis,  broad  towards  the  apex;  auxiliary  veins  of  moderate 
length,  turning  abruptly  towards  the  costal  margin,  and  becom- 
ing almost  obliterate ;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  approaches 
closely  to  the  margin  beyond  tho  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  and 
runs  alongside  of  it  as  far  almost  as  the  end  of  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  strongly  bent  back- 


f  ■•"!: 


!*;;^ 


.'■■  ■' .  •> 


» 't 


V  i'  ,    I 


•M 


1    *'      t. 


^liAVi 


44 


DIPTERA   OP    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


I  ill 
'  •lis 

m 

if 


■1 1' 


M- 


ward,  the  fourth  vein  slightly  forward,  so  that  the  first  posterior 
cell,  very  broad  in  the  middle,  is  rather  narrow  at  the  end  ;  the 
small  crosHvoin  is  beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell;  the  two 
posterior  basal  "ells  arc  of  a  rather  considerable  and  equal  length ; 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  rounded.  The  extensive 
picture  of  the  wings  forma,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  apex,  more  or 
less  regular  crossbands. 

Tiie  genus  Amphicnepiies,  which  I  have  established  for  a 
North  American  species,  will  be  charaeterizod  in  the  sequel.  It 
is  somewhat  like  Plati/sloma,  but  distinguished  by  the  not 
swollen  occii)ut,  the  flat  scutelluin,  provided  with  only  four 
bristles,  the  broad  wings  and  the  striiving  divergency  of  the 
longitudinal  veins. 

A  ])relty  Or/aiida  from  Cuba,  which  cannot  conveniently  be 
placed  in  any  of  the  existing  genera,  gave  occasion  for  the 
establishment  of  the  genus  ]Iimero*:ssa,  which  I  will  character- 
ize below  among  the  other  North  American  genera.  It  is  dis- 
tinguished by  the  narrowness  of  the  niaruiual  and  subnjarginal 
cells;  moreover,  the  posterior  crossvciu  is  prolonged  inside  of 
the  first  posterior  cell. 

Orlalix  tfifiigenesise  Linn,  is  the  type  of  a  very  well  justified 
genus,  existing  in  Europe,  Africa,  Asia,  and  America,  which 
l\ob.  Desvoidy  called  Riveixia.  Although  the  name  is  not 
particularly  well  chosen,  tlie  objections  against  it  are  not  serious 
enough  for  its  rejection.  IJesides  the  species  described  by  Kub. 
Desvoidy,  the  following  belong  to  the  genus  liivclUa:  Tri/pcia 
haHilariii  "Wied.,  Dacus  Kucchn^lns  "Wied.,  C'eroxi/s  quadn'fa- 
8<iafa  jSIacq.,  Orlalis  Orlovda  Walk.,  Tcpliri/inmelliginis  Fitch., 
and  several  others.  Most  of  them  agree  quite  well  with  the  spe- 
cies ithieed  in  tlie  genus  liivvllia  by  Kob.  Desvoidy;  others,  how- 
ever, show  a  very  gradual  transition  towards  allied  forms,  which 
cannot  very  well  be  united  in  the  same  genus  with  the  typicnl 
Jiivclli{i'.  Thus  Maequart  has  established  for  one  of  them  the 
genus  Epulmma.  The  transitions,  however,  arc  so  gradual,  that 
it  is  not  very  easy  to  decide  upon  the  best  boundary  for  the 
genus  Riwllia.  It.  viridtilans  K.  Desv.,  and  all  the  North 
American  species  which  I  know  of,  agree  in  their  generic  chiir- 
acters  with  Jiivellin  s;/ 7} gen csi /e c.om\)]c[Q]y;  the  same  is  the  case 
with  E.  hafiilarit^  Wied.,  and  with  several  Rivcllifc,  from  the 
southeastern  region  of  Asia,  which  I  possess  in  my  collection ; 


,w,tl 


ORTALlDiE — SYSTEMATIC   DISTUIUUTION. 


45 


the  only  diiTereuce  sliowii  by  the  hitter  spfeies  is  a  somewhnt 
smaller  length  of  the  third  autennal  joint.  Next  to  these  are 
some  South  African  liioellise,  for  inslanec,  Itiwllia  utra  L\v., 
which  have  the  third  antennal  joint  a  little  shorter  still ;  ail  these 
species,  however,  cannot  be  separated  from  Jtivcllin,  as  the  dimi- 
nution of  the  third  antennal  joint  is  a  very  gradual  one,  not 
affording  any  distinct  limit  for  a  sei)aration, 

Macijuart's  VAnuKHMA  fascipennis,  from  the  Cape,  is  likewise 
but  very  little  dill'orent  Irom  the  typical  ItivcUise.  The  occiput 
is  somewhat  more  convex  ;  the  third  antennal  joint  has  a  some- 
what sharper  anterior  angle,  the  thorax  is  comparatively  a 
little  smaller,  and  the  first  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
shows  but  very  little  of  the  sinuosity,  so  characteristic  of  the 
true  Rivcllise,  and  which  renders  the  anterior  part  of  the  discal 
cell  more  narrow;  at  the  end  of  the  convex  scutellum  there  are 
two  strong  bristles:  whether  the  second  pair  of  bristles,  which 
exists  in  the  other  liivellifr,  is  wanting  here,  or  whether  they 
were  accidentally  broken  off  in  the  specimen  I  had  before  me,  I 
am  unable  to  decide ;  I  rather  incline  to  favor  the  former  suppo- 
sition. If  I  am  right,  Epnlesma  would  deserve  to  be  retained 
as  a  separate  genus ;  in  the  opposite  case,  it  would  be  better  to 
place  Epidcs^na  fascipcnnia  in  the  genus  liivellia,  l)eeause  then 
the  whole  difference  between  them  would  merely  consist  in  com- 
parative characters. 

Among  the  species  from  the  sontheart  of  Asia,  there  are 
several  which  are  closely  allied  to  lUvellia,  but  differ  from  tlio 
typical  species  in  the  greater  length  and  lesser  breadth  of  the 
marginal  cell,  a  more  straight  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  a 
hardly  perceptible  sinuosity  of  the  first  section  of  the  fourth  vein  ; 
moreover,  the  thorax  is  less  strongly  developed,  so  that  their 
stature  shows  some,  although  only  a  distant,  resemlilance  to  the 
species  of  Stcnopterina.  They  are  easily  distinguished  by  the 
picture  of  their  wings,  which  is  very  different  from  that  of  the 
Rirelliae ;  it  consists  in  a  conspicuoiis  black  border  along  the 
costal  margin  and  the  ajiex,  not  iMilike  that  of  DincrUa  and 
Molnnoloma,  while  the  Rivelliiv,  bosides  the  apex,  which  is  mar- 
gined with  black,  also  have  black  crossbands.  I  propose  for  this 
genus  the  name  of  Scotinosoma, 

Species  having  the  first  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
straight,  must,   most  decidedly,  be   eliminated   from  Eivellia, 


'     ■■ISv^iVi-.' 


'^^<-^imi 


'  '  ±M: 


-r  ' 


I'i'li;' 


^m 


1    '■  ll'lji'illii; 


■Hi 'a 


46 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  in. 


Such  is  a  group  of  closely  related  African  species,  which  I  unite 
in  the  genus  Ardelio.  The  lateral  portions  of  their  face  are 
distinctly  broader  than  in  Rivellia,  the  eyes  not  so  high,  and  the 
cheeks,  for  this  reason,  broader;  the  clypeus  is  narrower  and  the 
thorax  more  strongly  developed  ;  the  convex  scutollum  has  four 
bristles,  like  Rivellia.  They  almost  show  more  affinity  to  Flaty- 
stoma  than  to  Rivellia ;  all  the  species  known  to  rae  are  black, 
with  longitudinal  lines  of  white  dust  on  the  thorax,  and  their 
wings  have  black  crossbands,  between  which,  along  the  costal 
margin,  there  are  black  spots  or  streaks.  The  single  species 
show,  in  the  length  of  the  third  antennal  joint,  still  more  con- 
siderable variations  than  the  species  of  Rivellia,  and  it  almost 
seems  that,  in  this  respect,  they  might  be  divided  in  two  sections, 
one  of  which  would  be  represented,  as  a  type,  by  Ardelio  longi- 
pennis  Lw.,  the  other  by  A.  hrevieornis  Lw. 

The  genus  Epicausta,  established  by  me  for  two  African  spe- 
cies, is  less  allied  to  Rivellia  than  to  Slenopterina,  which  will 
be  discussed  below.  These  species  are  like  Slenopterina  in  their 
stature,  but  are  not  so  slender  ;  the  head  is.  not  unlike  that  of  the 
species  of  Dacus  proper;  the  antennae  are  not  quite  as  long  as 
in  Slenopterina;  the  fore  cox86  are  much  shorter,  and  not  so 
movable  ;  the  thorax,  seen  from  the  side,  is  not  attenuated  in 
front,  as  is  the  case  with  Slenopterina ;  the  scutellura  has  four 
bristles,  as  in  the  latter  genus ;  the  wings  are  conspicuously 
shorter,  and  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  'ongitudinal  vein  is 
much  more  bent  forward.  The  small  crossvein  is  not  oblirpie, 
as  in  all  Stenopferinae,  but  perpendicular.  The  picture  of  the 
wings,  in  both  of  the  species  known  in  me,  consists  only  in  a 
large  black  spot  at  the  tip. 

Stenopterina,  a  genus  proposed  by  Mt  equart  in  the  Sirifcs  d 
Buffon,  is  well  founded,  as  long  as  it  is  conflned  to  the  species 
of  the  immediate  relationship  of  Dacus  hrevieornis  Fab.  and 
eeneiis  "Wied.  Unfortunately  the  same  author,  in  the  Dipttre^ 
Exotiqiies,  has  entirely  left  out  of  sight  the  characters  of  this 
genu.'?,  established  by  himself,  and  has  introduced  in  it  a  number 
of  heterogeneous  forms,  and,  at  the  same  time,  placed  in  the 
genus  Hcrina  species  which  either  belong  to  Stenopterina  or 
are  more  closely  related  to  it  than  to  any  other  genus.  Ilis 
Stenoptt'rinc  femorata  and  immacnlata,  both  from  Bourbon, 
seem   to   belong   rather  to  Epicausta   than   to  Stenop)terina ; 


■  J  It 


,! 


:;i  ill 


ORTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION. 


47 


Stenoplerina  decora  Macq.  is,  as  has  been  observed  above,  the 
typical  species  of  the  genus  Euchalcota;  S.  giyas,  scutcllaris, 
and  nigripes  of  Macquart,  all  three  from  Tasmania,  are  certainly 
no  Stenoplcrinse.  There  would  bo  more  ground  to  place  in  that 
genus  the  Orlalis  viuJacea  of  Macquart,  which  is  probably  cor- 
rectly identified  in  the  Berlin  Museum  with  Dacus  macularis 
Fab.  Herina  mexicana  Macq.  also  belongs  to  Slenopterina,  and 
H.  calcarala  Macq.,  although  perhaps  not  a  true  Slenopterina, 
is  closely  related  to  that  genus.  The  three  species  described  by 
Walker  {Lint  of  Dq^l.  Ins.),  bicolor,  of  unknown  origin,  tri- 
vitlnta,  from  the  Philippine  Islands,  and  hamlis,  from  Australia, 
do  not  seem  to  have  anything  in  common  with  true  Slenopterinse. 
A  true  Stenoplerina  is  S.  submetallica  Lw.,  from  Mozambique  ; 
and  Ilerina  chalyhea  Doleschall,  belongs  probably  to  the  same 
genus. 

As  I  will  have  to  characterize  Slenopterina  in  detail  among 
the  North  American  g'enera  of  Ortalidse,  it  will  suffice  here  to 
indicate  the  principal  characters.  Head  resembling  that  of 
Dacus  in  structure ;  occiput  convex,  but  not  swollen.  Front  of 
a  considerable  and  even  breadth.  Antennte  long  and  narrow, 
generally  descending  a  little  beyond  the  anterior  edge  of  the 
mouth,  which  is  somewhat  drawn  upwards ;  clypcus  broad  ;  pro- 
boscis stout.  Thorax  narrow;  the  pectus  ascending  obliquely 
in  front,  so  that  the  thorax,  seen  from  the  side,  is  rather  con- 
spicuously attenuated  anteriorly.  Fore  coxse  remarkably  long, 
inserted  unusually  near  the  neck  and  very  movable  in  this  inser- 
tion. Scutellum  with  four  bristles.  Abdomen  narrow  ;  wings 
long  and  narrow ;  little  crossveiu  oblique,  placed  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  long  discal  cell ;  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal 
veins,  in  the  maj  ^rity  of  the  species,  are  somewhat  bent  towards 
each  other,  so  that  the  first  posterior  cell  becomes  narrower 
towards  its  end.  In  all  the  species  I  know  of,  the  stigma,  as 
well  as  a  border  between  it  and  the  apex,  and  the  first  basal  cell, 
up  to  the  small  crossvein,  are  tinged  with  brown ;  in  most  spe- 
cies the  posterior  crossvein  has  likewise  a  dark  border. 

The  next  genus  to  be  mentioned  here  is  the  genus  Misoho- 
G\sTER  Macq.,  founded  upon  Cephaliafemoralis'WiGd.  Mischo- 
gasler  pernix  and  di^fusuf^  Gerst.,  belong  to  it.  It  differs  from 
Cephalia  in  the  absence  of  a  mesothoracic  bristle,  and  in  the  face, 
which  does  not  project  iuferiorly  ;  from  the  following  genus  it  is 


■■»" ," ' 


V. 


-:■■    ■  ■*■'  '••■■••  :'^;''*- 


■'€ 


!:  --m 


-'■;!■• 


:i 


m 


'  ,1  •'.•• 


48 


DIPTERA  OF   NORTH   AMERICA, 


[part  III. 


m^ 


r 


■:.ii 


!■: 


i  V-:;,>| 


-'■  fi 


i'^  . 


;;■»' 


(lirftinguislicd  by  the  first  abdominal  segment  being  beset  with 
bristles.  This  character,  as  well  as  the  somewiiat  advanced  posi- 
tion of  the  anterior  ocellus,  remind  of  the  Itichardina.  The 
face  is  rather  short  and  somewhat  excavated. 

The  last  genus  which  I  place  among  the  Platyslomina  forms  the 
transition  from  this  group  to  the  Cephalina,  and  shows  a  good 
deal  of  approximation  to  the  genus  Cephalid.  As  the  typical  spe- 
cies of  this  genus  I  consider  Cephalia  myrmecoides  Loew.  lie- 
sides  the  want  of  a  niesothoracic  bristle,  this  genus  differs  from 
the  true  Gephalise  in  the  fact  that  the  lirst  abdominal  segment  is 
so  coarrtate  in  its  middle  that  its  anterior  part  forms  a  knot- 
shaped  swelling ;  moreover,  the  shape  of  the  body  is  still  more 
slender;  the  wings  still  narrower  and  still  more  cuneiform 
towards  the  basis,  so  that  the  anal  angle  and  the  alula  disappear 
entirely,  whereas  in  Cephalia,  there  is  at  least  a  rudiment  of 
them.  The  statements  which  Rob.  Desvoidy  makes  about  his 
genus  Myrmecomyia  render  it  probable  that  the  above-mentioned 
species  belongs  to  this  genus.  Certainty  in  this  case  is  not  pos- 
sible, without  the  comparison  of  the  species  upon  which  Rob." 
Desvoidy  established  the  genus.  Not  wishing  to  run  the  risk  of 
introducing  a  useless  generic  name,  I  prefer  to  use  the  name  of 
Myrmecomyia  for  my  species.  The  pleonastic  name  which  the 
species  thus  obtains,  Myrmecomyia  myrmecoideK,  is  not  good, 
but  may  be  tolerated  in  view  of  the  fact  that  nothing  is  more 
like  an  ant  than  this  dipteron. 

A  review  of  the  genera  which  I  placed  among  the  Platysto- 
mina  shows  that,  besides  the  bristles  upon  the  first  longitudinal 
vein,  and  the  absence  of  prothoracic  and  mesothoracic  bristles, 
which  define  this  gi'oup,  these  genera  have  the  following  charac- 
ters in  common :  The  oral  opening  is  very  large ;  the  clypeus 
generally  very  much  developed,  and  the  proboscis  proportionally 
stout ;  the  third  antennal  joint  is  elongate  ;  the  thoracic  dorsum 
bristly  upon  its  hind  part  only ;  the  female  abdomen  has  four 
segments,  as  the  fifth  is  either  altogether  wanting,  or  only  rudi- 
mentary and  then  completely  hidden  under  the  fourth  segment. 


Third  Section:   Cephalina. 

I  call  this  group  after  the  genus  which  was  first  made  known 
in  it.     It  differs  from  the  Platystomina  in  the  presence  of  a 


"■.: 


u» 


\::Um 


■'0 


OHTALIDTE — SYSTEMATIC    DISTttlDlTlON. 


49 


nietatlioraoic  bristle,  from  the  Orluli.ia,  in  the  tibsonce  of  the 
prothonu'ic  one.  With  the  former  it  moreover  n<,n'ees  in  tlie 
larger  size  of  the  oral  opening,  the  greater  development  of  tlie 
clypi'us  and  the  stouter  proboscis ;  with  the  latter  it  has  the 
more  or  less  distinct  devoioj»ment  of  the  fifth  segnu  nt  of  tlie 
female  abdomen  in  common.  While  some  of  the  genera  show  a 
very  close  affinity  to  the  Platijatomina  in  general  appearance, 
others  stand  as  near  to  the  Ortalina,  so  that  the  CepliaUim  seem 
to  form  a  transition  from  the;  first  to  the  second  of  those  sections. 

The  genus  Cephalia,  introduced  by  Meigen,  shows  some 
aEBuity  to  those  genera  of  Flatij.slomina,  the  species  of  which  are 
distinguished  by  their  slender  shape,  especially  to  the  genera 
Mischogaster  and  Myrmecomyia.  It  nci'essarily  must  be  con- 
fined to  those  species  which,  like  the  typical  Cephalia  rujlpes 
Meig.,  have  a  raesothoracic  bristle.  The  species  added  later  to 
it,  although  in  their  general  shape  and  their  coloring  they  more 
or  less  resemble  the  true  t'ephatiae,  do  not  show  the  necessary 
agreement  with  them  in  those  characters  which  are  the  most 
trustworthy  in  the  estal)lisliment  of  the  genera  of  Ortalidse.  They 
belong  in  the  group  Plalydombia  and  princii)ally  in  tho  gcnns 
Mischogasler,  in  part  also  in  the  genus  Myrmecomyia.  The 
geuus  Cephalia,  in  this  narrower  sense,  does  not  contain  as  yet 
any  American  species.  As,  for  this  reason,  I  will  have  no  occa- 
sion to  refer  to  it  again,  I  will  characterize  it  here : — 

Body  slender,  abdomen  narrow  at  the  basis,  its  first  segment 
without  any  knot-shaped  swelling  ;  feet  rather  long  and  slender. 
Hairs  on  the  bod^  d.xtremely  short ;  thorax  with  a  few  small 
hristles  on  the  lateral  and  the  posterior  portions  only ;  the  bristles 
before  the  scutelluni  and  its  own  lateral  bristles  are  very  short. 

Antennae  long  and  slender;  their  second  joint  short.  Face 
shield-like,  convex,  without  antennal  foveue. 

Palpi  very  broad ;  proboscis  rather  stout  and  mentum  some- 
what swollen. 

Wings  attenuated  towards  the  basis  in  the  shape  of  a  wedge, 
with  a  very  narrow  alula;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  hardly 
sinuose  at  all;  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  normal  in 
their  course;  the  anterior  basal  cell  of  e^ual  breadth;  the  first 
longitudinal  vein  bristly  towards  its  er.d  only;  the  crossveins 
rather  distant  from  each  other ;  the  pic  .ure  of  the  wings  usually 


'  •. :  ■<  ^i. 


'-rim 


.  '^  '^m 


:*. , 


Hi 


■  ■■■■;■'    '•        ■■   ,     ■'^';*«M 


"''''"'">Ut1 


.■■       •■     .."  -'  ..'     ■Jit'        -i 

■4,'?  t' •.;  .ft  ,',„  ■   ;     *,;»•.  I     , 

';■  "-^    ,  •■  -^*  ;■*!'.   ', 

■V-:,  -     •  ■    •   ']:■' 

'!'•  ■    '.  '■.  •  ''■'-' 


U 


.■>■      r'  :■>.*'■■%■: 

■  .  ^'::} 

....  ;■  A.-^-.  ;*i' 

.  ■'■" '  ♦  ■    i' 


,1 


'.r 


' '  i.  -^ 


60 


DIPTERA   OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  111, 


\\h 


iii;M.i 


u- 


.A5 


consists  of  an  infuscatiou  of  the  stigma  and  of  a  black  spot  on 
the  apex. 

Gcphalia  is  immediately  connected  with  a  genus  embracing 
Trypcta  Jli'xa  Wied.  and  the  genera  related  to  the  latter.  As 
this  genus  does  not  coincide  with  any  one  of  the  hitherto  adopted 
genera,  it  must  receive  a  new  name.  I  call  it  Thitoxa,  the  name 
alluding  to  the  peculiar  pictur"  of  the  wings.  The  Tritnxpe 
differ  from  the  Ccphaliae  in  the  presence  of  a  strong  bristle  before 
the  end  of  the  fore  tibiae,  on  their  upper  side,  and  in  the  presence 
of  a  weak  indication  of  antennal  fovese,  especially,  however,  in 
the  fact  that  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  have  nii 
irregular  course,  in  consequence  of  which  the  anterior  basal  cell 
is  expanded  befo'e  its  end  ;  moreover  also  in  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  being,  to  a  great  extent,  covered  with  bristles  and  in  tlie 
approximation  of  both  crossveins  to  each  other.  The  wings  have 
a  dark  coloring  and  the  picture  consists  of  three  oblique,  more 
or  K '3  arcuated,  hyaline  crossbands.  The  other  characters  the 
genus  Tritoxa  shares  with  the  genus  Cephalia. 

A-fter  Tritoxa  Camptoneura  naturally  follows.  The  typical 
species  is  the  well-known  North  American  species,  described  by 
Fabricius  as  Mnsca  picta,  and  afterwards  erroneously  placed  by 
Wiedemann  in  the  genus  Tn/peta.  Rob.  Desvoidy  was  the  first 
to  found  a  new  genus  for  it,  which  he  called  Delphinia;  Maequiut 
established  later  for  the  same  species  the  genus  Camptoneura, 
which  thus  coincides  with  DcljMyiia.  As  the  name  Delphinia 
cannot  be  retained  for  reasons  of  priority,  Macquart's  name  must 
be  adopted.  Camjdoneura  differs  from  Tritoxa  in  a  striking 
manner  in  the  structure  of  the  wings;  they  are  broad,  and  show, 
on  the  costal  margin,  near  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  a  shallow, 
but  very  striking  excision;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  very 
remarkably  sinuate,  and  the  anal  cell  rounded  at  the  end.  The 
picture  of  the  wings  has  a  distant  resemblance  to  that  of  the 
species  of  Aciura. 

The  other  genera  of  Cephalina  which  I  know  of  cont.iin 
species  of  a  less  slender  stature  than  the  three  genera  which  I 
have  just  examined. 

Among  them  the  genus  Piara,  founded  by  me  for  an  African 
species,  is  remarkable  for  its  close  relationship  to  the  Platyi-to- 
mina.     It  may  be  characterized  as  follows : — 


'M: 


i 


ORTALt')i«: — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION. 


51 


Body  rather  robust,  the  bristles  upon  the  vertex,  upon  the 
posterior  part  of  the  thorax  and  upon  the  seutelium  long. 

AntenniB  of  medium  length;  tiie  anterior  corner  of  the  third 
i^oint  acute;  arista  feathery.  Face  excavated  above,  and  with  a 
projecting  bump  below. 

Oral  opening  broader  than  long ;  proboscis  very  stout. 

Wings  rather  broad;  longitudinal  veins  diverging;  the  first, 
third,  and  fifth  besot  with  bristles;  postcrio'-  angle  of  the  anal 
cell  not  acute;  the  picture  of  the  wings  is  not  unlike  that  pre- 
vailing in  the  genus  Aciura. 

Rather  closely  related  to  Piara  is  the  genus  Trapiiera,  which 
I  propose  to  establish  with  Ortalis  chabjbea  "Wied.  for  its  type. 
It  also  stands  very  near  the  Platystomina  and  may  easily  be  con- 
sidered as  one  of  them,  as  the  mcsothoracic  bristle  is  but  very 
little  conspicuous  and  the  fifth  segment  of  the  female  abdt  men  is 
also  very  mnch  abbreviated.  The  principal  differences  between 
Traphera  and  Piara  lie  in  the  structure  of  the  head  and  of  the 
wings.  The  head  of  Traphera  is  not  unlike  that  of  Platystoma, 
but  the  lower  part  of  the  occiput  is  but  very  little  turgid;  the 
vertical  diameter  of  the  eyes  is  very  long,  the  horizontal,  on  the 
contrary,  very  short;  the  first  two  anteiinal  joints  are  short ;  the 
third  jointedoval;  the  arista  feathery;  the  face  is  descending 
obliquely,  excavated  under  the  antennae,  convex  below;  the 
clypeus  is  very  much  developed,  its  vertical  diameter  rather  large, 
the  horizontal  one  small;  proboscis  very  much  incrassated. 
Thorax  stout  and  convex:  its  dorsum  is  provided  with  bristles 
0  ily  on  the  sides  and  posteriorly.  Scutellum  generally  with 
ei^ht  bristles.  Wings  comparatively  short  and  broad,  with 
b  istly  hairs  on  their  anterior  margin ;  the  whole  of  the  first 
h  igitudinal  vein  is  strongly  bristly  and  shows,  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  somewhat  obliterate  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  a  peculiar 
break;  the  basal  half  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  beset  with 
bristles;  the  posterior  crossvcin  is  oblique,  so  that  the  posterior 
angle  of  the  discal  cell  is  very  acute;  the  anal  cell  is  rounded  at 
the  end  and  its  posterior  angle  withdrawn  in  a  peculiar  manner. 
The  wings  are  of  a  dark  color,  marked  with  pale  bands  starting 
from  the  posterior  margin  and  abbreviated  in  front. 

While  both  of  these  genera  are  very  near  the  Plafijsfomina,  the 
two  which  we  have  yet  to  mention  approach  the  Ortalina.  They 
are:   Diacf't^a,  introduced  by  Gerstaecker,  and  a  genus  to  be 


4 

■  y 

-.  -m 


':■  i". 


•■«> 


.  ■fv'<'Vi'«'t| 

■m 


^^■•'■'M. 


'■{■ 


i  ,•■>.; 


i::'i.^ 


52 


DIPTERA    OP    NOllTri   AMKIIU-'A. 


[r.uiT  III. 


adoptctl  for  Ortalis  marfjinata  Say,  for  which  1  (iroposu  the  uamu 
of  Idana. 

Diacrita  ia  easily  distinguished  from  Idana  liy  the  shape  of 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  ci-li,  which  is  drawn  out  in  a  vtiy 
long  lobe,  and  by  the  picture  uf  the  wings,  which  consists  only 
in  a  very  broad  dark  border,  extending  to  the  very  apex  of  tlie 
wing.  The  more  extended  picture  on  the  wings  of  Idana  is  nut 
unlike  that  of  Pteropoicila  and  the  posterior  end  of  its  anal  cell 
forms  only  a  short  angle.  As  both  genera  contain  North  Anicricun 
tpecies,  1  will  have  occasion  to  refer  to  them  again  more  iu  detail. 


r-; . 


lii;: -^l, 


i '  ■;,-;i'fi; 


■4: 


Fourth  Section:  Ortalina. 

The  Ortalina  have  a  prothoracic,  as  well  as  a  nicsothoracic 
bristle,  while  among  the  Cephalina,  the  former,  among  the  I'lu- 
tystomina,  both  are  wanting.  The  Ortalina  are  also  distinguished 
from  the  two  above-named  groups  by  a  smaller  oral  opening,  a 
less  developed  clypeus,  a  less  stout  proboscis,  a  less  turgiil 
mentum  and  smaller  palpi.  In  seveual  genera,  moreover,  the 
thoracic  dorsum  is  beset  with  bristles  as  ^ir  as  its  anterior 
portion.  The  abdomen  of  the  female  has  five  segments,  which 
brings  this  group  nearer  to  the  Cephalina  than  to  the  Platijdo- 
mina. 

The  geographical  distribution  of  the  Ortalina  is,  as  far  as 
known,  confined  exclusively  to  America  ant'  to  Europe,  with 
those  parts  of  Asia  which  belong  to  the  faunal  province  of  the 
latter.  Very  striking  is  the  great  agreement  between  the 
European  and  North  American  forms  of  this  group.  As  the 
knowledge  of  the  latter  is  still  very  fragmentary,  the  generic 
distribution  of  the  probably  numerous  species  which  may  be 
discovered  yet  would  offer  great  difliculties,  or  lead  into  error, 
unless  based  upon  the  knowledge  of  the  European  genera.  I 
will  give  here,  for  this  reason,  a  review  of  all  the  European 
genera  adopted  at  present.  Besides  these,  however,  to  the 
Ortalina  must  be  reckoned  the  genus  Apospasmica,  which  I 
propose  to  establish  for  the  South  American  Ortalis  fasciata 
Wied.  and  the  genus  Automola,  which  I  have  adopted  above  for 
Ortalis  trifasciata  Wied.  and  atomaria  Wied. 

The  European  genera  of  Ortalina  are  the  following:— 


j-r 


'''*"'^^^'^W5^^!j?lBa^5! 


ORTALID^K — SYSTEMATIC    DlSTlliULTION. 


68 


'^^ 


1.    PORYCEHA  Mt'\g. 

i'haracl. — Kyes  round  ;  cheeks  very  broad  ;  face  very  much  projecting  it 
proiile  ;  iiifiriorly  it  in  very  strongly  retreating,  uariuate. 

The  hairs  ou  tlie  body  liave  the  ordinary  leiigtl»,  or  a  little  over 
the  ordinary  ;  thoracic  dorsum  bristly  on  its  Itind  portion  only. 

Antennse  projecting,  eitlier  of  ordinary  breadth  and  mediuro 
length,  with  tiie  third  joint  oval;  or  narrow  and  elongate,  with  aa 
elongate  third  joint. 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  bristly  at  its  end  only. 

Thlt}  gonus  coiitiiins  gray  species,  their  faces  with  dark  spots, 
and  with  well-marked  black  stripes  upon  the  tiiorax  ;  tiie  wings 
are  either  without  any  picture,  or  it  consists  of  blackish-gray 
longitudinal  lines,  which  are  more  confluent  towards  the  apex,  and 
even,  in  the  male  of  one  species,  form  a  large,  black  spot. 

The  genus  may  be  divided  into  two  sections,  which  it  will  be 
necessary,  when  the  number  of  species  grows  larger,  to  separate 
as  genera. 

Sect.  1.  {Dorycera,  sensu  strict.)  Antcnnaj  narrow  and  very- 
much  prolonged ;  the  pilosity  of  the  body  is  of  au  ordinary- 
length. 

Typical  species:  graminum  Fab. 

Sect.  2.  {Percnomalia  Lw.)  Antennae  of  ordinary  breadth 
and  of  medium  length ;  pilosity  of  the  body  longer  than  usual. 

Typical  species :  inornala  Lw. 


J    '•It 'if 


I,  •■■';* 


■'»  '   '  ■**>  .*''i 


''V  ■{■*.» 
.  /  >  I.  ■ 


M 


2.  Tetaxops  Fall. 

Cliaract. — Eyes  roun  led-ovate  ;  cheeks  broad.  Face  in  the  profile  very 
much  projecting,  more  or  less  retreating  inferiorly. 

The  hairs  upon  tlie  whole  body  extremely  short;  the  middle  of 
the  thoracic  dorsum  bristly  on  its  hind  part  only;  the  prothcracio 
bristles  are  suiriUer  than  in  all  the  other  genera  of  Ortalina. 

Antennse  short,  often  strikingly  short;  their  third  joint  oval; 
somewhat  longer  than  the  second. 

Tl;<j  firs*  longitudinal  ve4n  is  bristly  at  its  end  only. 

TI  s  genus  contains  remarkably  glabrous  species;  there  are  no 
thoracic  stripes;  the  first  segment  of  the  ovipositor  is  compara- 
tively large;  there  is  no  picture  on  the  wings  at  all,  or  it  consists 
only  in  narrow  borders  along  the  crossveins,  or  in  more  or  less 
faded  spots  at  the  end  of  the  longitudinal  veins,  thus  resembling 
the  picture  of  Coroxys. 

Typical  species  :  myopina  Fall. 


•!  'i 


^:-ry' 


■i:f'.TVv;:;(^y- 


4    .■-.    * 


'  »       J' 


1  ■•'« 


54 


Dll'TKUA   OV    NOllTU   AMEUIOA. 


[PAttT  III. 


3.    CORMUCAUIS  Lv\r. 

Characl, — Eyes  round  ;  uheeks  very  broad ;  face  in  the  profile  strongly 
projeotiug,  very  luuch  retreating  iuferiurly,  not  oariuate. 

Hairs  on  the  body  couiparatively  long ;  thorauio  dorsum  hairy 
and  bristly  as  far  as  its  anterior  portion. 

Antennae  short ;  the  rounded  oval  third  Joint  hardly  as  long  as 
the  second. 

First  longitudinal  vein  bristly  at  its  end  only. 

Gray  species,  the  abdomen  anil  thorax  of  which  are  without  any 
picture,  and  the  wings  dusky  and  somewhat  spotted  along  the  an- 
terior margin. 

Typical  species :  bucephala  Mcig. 


u 


4.  Pterop(Ecila  Lw. 

Charact. — Eyes  small,  rounded  oval ;  cheeks  broad  ;  front  very  much  pro- 
jecting. 

Hairs  on  the  body  of  the  usual  length  ;  the  middle  of  the  thorax 
bristly  on  its  hind  portion  only. 

The  rounded  third  joint  of  the  antennae  short ;  the  second  like- 
wise short. 

The  first  longitudinal  vein  is  hairy  upon  its  whole  length. 

The  coloring  of  the  body  is  gray;  the  picture  of  the  wings  is  i.  )t 
unlike  that  of  Idana  marrjinata  Say. 
Typical  species:  lamed  Schrk. 


■'■■'.' 


5.  Ptilonota  Lw. 

Churact. — Eyes  elongated  oval ;  front  but  little  projecting. 

Thorax  bristly  upon  its  middle,  as  far  as  its  anterior  portion. 
The  third  antennal  joint  rounded  oval ;  the  second  shorter. 
The  first  longitudinal  vein  bristly  at  its  end  only. 

Cinereous-gray  species,  the  thorax  of  which  is  marked  with 
four  somewhat  darker  longitudinal  lines;  the  picture  ol"  the  wings 
consists  of  large  blackish  spots ;  in  several  species  these  spots  are 
so  much  confluent  that  the  picture  of  the  wings  can  almost  be 
called  guttate. 

Typical  species  :  centralis  Fab. 


6.  Ortalis  Fall. 

Charact. — Eyes  rather  large,  elongate  oval ;  front  only  moderately  pro- 
jecting. 


ORTALIDiG — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION. 


55 


Hairs  on  the  body  of  the  URual  length  ;  the  middle  of  the  thoracio 
doraum  bristly  on  its  hind  portion  only. 

The  rounded  third  auteunal  Joint  short,  the  Beoond  of  the  saiue 
leugtii  with  it. 

Both  crossveins  not  more  approximate  than  usual;  the  first 
longitudinal  vein  bristly  ut  its  end  only. 

The  genus  Ortalis  contains  species  above  the  averajfe  size, 
some  of  them  rather  large;  the  abdomen  is  banded  with  pray  ; 
the  thorax  strongly  poUinoae,  in  most  species  with  conspicuous 
black,  iu  some,  with  gray  longitudinal  stripes,  in  a  few,  without 
any  stripes.     The  wings  are  more  or  less  spotted. 

Typical  species  :  rujicepa  i'ub. 


♦  ^ 


>,jr;;<" 


1.  Systata  Lw. 

Charact.—Eyea  rather  large,  elongate  oval ;  front  only  little  projecting. 

The  hairs  on  the  body  as  usual ;  the  middle  of  the  thoracio 
dorsum  with  bristles  upon  its  hind  portion  only. 

Tlie  rounded  third  antennal  joint  is  short ;  the  second  of  equal 
length  with  it. 

The  two  crossveins  are  very  closely  approximated ;  the  first  longi- 
tudinal vein  bristly  at  its  end  only. 

The  species  of  this  genus  differ  from  those  of  Ortalis  in  the 
very  close  proximity  of  the  crossveins,  but  agroe  with  them  in  the 
remainder  of  the  organization.  The  picture  of  the  wings  con- 
sists in  bands. 

Typical  species :  rivularis  Fab. 

8.   LOXODESMA  Lw. 

Charact. — Eyes  large,  elongate;  front  but  little  projecting;  face  rather 
strongly  carinate ;  cheeks  narrower  than  in  most  other  genera. 

Hairs  on  the  body  as  usual ;  thoracic  dorsum  with  bristles  upon 
its  hind  part  only. 

Third  joint  of  the  antennse  more  or  less  prolonged,  rounded  at  the 
tip;  the  second  much  shorter. 

Both  crossveins  very  much  approximated;  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  bristly  at  its  end  only. 

The  species  belonging  here  remind  of  the  Systatse  in  the  strik- 
ing proximity  of  the  crossveins,  differ  however  in  other  respects 
very  much  from  them,  and  that  in  the  same  way  as  the  species 
of  Pferopaectria  differ  from  Ortalis.  The  relation  of  Lo.rodesma 
to  Pteropaectria,  which  is  by  far  the  most  closely  allied  genus  to 


,V'<^, 


V 


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t' 


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Ki 


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AM'  ■AW'  '■■('■  ■•\\'i         '•'*:.•■'■«  s 


'-^i':'!'  •;';.  '>: 


V 


,11/.;,, 


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66 


DIPTEIIA   OP    NORTH   AMKRICA. 


[PAUT  III. 


it,  is  exactly  tlio  same  an  tliat  <»f  Si/flala  to  Ortaliti.  'I'lic  culdr- 
jjig  atnl  tilt'  pit'tiire  of  liii;  wiiij^.s  n'somhlc  llmso  of  liio  lirst  isei-tidii 
ot  Plfntpo'.iiria,  only  tlinolirtcure  borders  of  lliecroHsvoiiis  iMialcsti' 
ruorc  or  less,  on  account  of  their  proximity,  into  u  sinijle  cro.ss- 
bunil. 

Typical  species:  lacuxlris  Moig. 

9.  I'TKllOP.ECTUIA  Lw. 

Charait. — Kyes  large,  «loiignte ;  front  but  very  little  projecting,  face  rather 
Blrouijly  carinati) ;  cheeks  narrower  than  in  most  other  genera. 

Hairs  on  the  ttody  of  the  usual  length  ;  tlie  middle  of  tlie  thoracic 
dorsum  bristly  ou  its  posterior  portion  only. 

Tiiird  antt'nnal  joint  more  or  less  elongate,  rounded  at  the  end; 
the  second  very  much  shorter. 

The  crossvt'iiis  are  at  the  usual  distance  from  each  other;  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  has  bristles  upon  its  end  only. 

Tliis  genus  contains  small,  shining  black  species,  the  thorax  of 
which  shows  only  a  faint  trace  of  pollen.  The  picture  of  the 
wings  generally  consists  in  the  dark  color  of  the  costal  and  sub- 
costal cells,  a  more  or  less  distinct  black  border  of  the  crossveins 
and  a  black  spot  on  tho  costa,  lying  a  little  before  the  apex,  or 
upon  it;  in  S(jnio  si)ecies,  however,  this  picture  expands  into  four 
crossbands  which  are  connected,  two  and  two,  near  the  costa. 

The  genus  is  divided  into  two  sections,  which  may  even  be 
considered  as  separate  genera.  They  are  easily  distinguished  by 
th  •  picture  of  the  wings,  which  is  in  keeping  with  a  corres- 
ponding dilTerenco  in  the  rest  of  the  organization. 

Sect.  1.  (Plcropffctria,  sensu  strict.)  with  spotted,  or  incom- 
pletely banded,  wings. 

Tyjiical  s]>ocies  :  pohiiift'is  Meig. 

Sect.  2.  {ThryophiJa  Lw.);  bunds  on  the  wings  complete. 

Typical  species:  frondescenliae  Liu. 

10.  Tepfiroxota  Lw. 

Charact. — Third  antennal  Joint,  althongli  not  excised  on  the  upper  side, 
still  with  a  sharp  anterior  corner. 

Thoracic  dorsum,  upon  its  middle,  not  bristly  in  front  of  the 
region  of  the  suture. 

First  longitudinal  vein  bristly  upon  its  end  only;  the  fourth  not 
bent  forward ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  aual  cell  not  prolonged  in 
a  lobe. 


*k 


ORTALIDiK — SVSTKMATIC   DISTUinLTloN. 


f.7 


Ti'phrnnola  bt-giiis  the  sorit's  of  those  f^oiicra,  tlie  tliinl  aiitt'iiiiMl 
joint  of  which  is  not  ruiiiidcil  at  tliu  ti|),  but  ends  above  in  a  sharp 
corner.  It  contains  small  species  which,  in  the  shape  of  their 
hotly,  ami  cs|)ecially  in  the  slruclure  of  the  head,  remind  of  the 
I'li-roiitectriic  very  much.  IJuc  they  can  always  be  disliiijiMii>hrd 
1)}'  their  thora.x,  which  is  thickly  covered  with  a  gray  pollen,  even 
sliniild  the  third  antennal  joint,  in  drying,  have  hjst  the  sharpness 
of  its  upper  corner.  Tin;  picture  of  the  wing.s  consists  either  of 
complete  crossbands,  or  of  spots  and  half-bands,  or  even  of  spots 
only. 

Typical  species :  (jijrana  Lw. 

11.  Ceroxys  Macq. 

Churact, — Third  antonnal  joint  distinctly  excised  on  its  npp^r  aide. 

Tliorax  upuu  its  middle  beset  with  brititles  a^  fur  as  its  anterior 
portiou. 

First  loiigitadinal  vein  bristly  upon  its  end  only;  fourth  Inniii- 
tudinal  vein  not  bent  forward;  the  posterior  anj^le  of  the  anal  cell 
not  drawn  out  in  a  lobe. 

Yellowish-gray  or  cinereous-gray  species,  vith  a  thora.x  with- 
out stripes,  and  with  wings  having  large  dark  spots;  the  arista 
is  alvTnys  distinctly  pubescent. 

Typical  species:  crassipennis  Fab. 

12.  IIVPOCIIRA  Lw. 

Charact.— Third  antennal  joint  distinctly  excised  on  its  upper  ai(^<». 

Thorax,  upon  its  middle,  not  bristly  in  front  of  the  region  of  the 
RUtnre. 

First  longitudinal  vein  with  hristles  upon  its  end  only;  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  not  bent  forward  ;  po.sterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell 
not  drawn  ont  in  a  lobe. 

Small,  grayish-white  species,  with  a  very  limited  picture  f.f 
tlie  wings,  generally  consisting  of  a  very  narrow  border  of  the 
cro<;sveins. 

Typical  species :  albipennis  Lw. 


■>'. 


irw 

^ 

'(^m 

V 

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i 

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fi 

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13.  Anacampta  liW. 

C/lamc^— Third  antennal  Joint  distinctly  excised  upon  '♦«  upper  side. 

Thorax,  upon  its  middle,  not  bristly  in  front  of  the  region  of  tha 
suture. 


"  ■  r,..' 


I 

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'■  r 

■'■■•liwl'' 


58 


DIPTKHA   OF    NOHTII   AMERICA. 


[I'ART  III. 


!  *. ''  ^'ilfi* 


n 


i: 


[Vm 


First  longitudinal  vein  bristly  upon  its  end  only;  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein  beut  forwurd  tuwurdii  itd  end;  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  not  drawn  out  in  a  lube. 

Rather  robust  specie"  having  the  thorax  pollinose  with  pray, 
without  stripes  oi  with  weak  ones,  a  blacli,  shining  abdomen, 
geuerally  with  gray  bands,  and  wings  which  have  blacli  cros^s- 
bands,  or  spots  almost  forming  such  crossbauds. 

Typical  species:  urtiae  Liu. 

14.    IIOLODASIA  Lw. 

Charact. — Third  antennal  joint  distinctly  excised  on  its  tipper  side. 

Thorax  without  bristles  upon  its  middle,  in  front  of  the  region 
of  tiie  suture. 

First  longitudinal  vein  bristly  upon  its  whole  lengtli ;  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  curved  forward  at  the  end;  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  not  drawn  out  in  a  point. 

Ilolodasia  differs  from  Anacampta  (which  it  otherwise  re- 
sembles very  much)  in  the  fact  that  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is 
bristly  upuu  its  whole  extent,  and  not  upon  its  end  only.  In  this 
it  agrees  with  Fleropcecila,  from  which  it  difl'ers  in  the  not  pro- 
jecting front,  longer  antenna;,  the  third  joint  of  which  is  excised 
upon  its  upper  side  and  pointed  at  the  tip  and  in  tht  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein  being  curved  forward. 

Typical  species:  fraudulusa  Lw. 

Fifth  Section :  Pterocallina. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  chapter  on  the  Systematic  Distribution 
of  the  OrtalidiB,  I  have  pointed  out  Scatojihaga  fanciata  as  the 
species  of  tliis  group  known  for  the  longest  time  and  which  may 
be  considered  as  typical.  It  was  described  under  that  name  by 
Fabricius  in  the  Systema  Antliatorum,  was  transferred  by  Meigen 
to  the  genus  Ti'ypeta  and  by  Kobineau  Desvoidy  to  his  new 
genus  Myennis.  It  is  very  probably  the  same  fly  which  was 
described  by  Coquebert  in  his  Iconographia,  Dee.  Ill,  under  tlie 
name  of  3Iusra  octopunctata,  although  it  has  nothing  of  the 
pKiure  of  the  thorax  shown  in  Coquebert's  figure  and  which  gave 
rise  to  the  specific  name.  Although  the  publication  of  Coque- 
bert's name  is  probably  a  little  anterior  to  that  of  Fabricius,  the 
choice  of  this  name,  based  upon  a  non-existing  character,  as  well 
as  the  nature  of  the  entomologic.d  correspondence,  wliich  existed 


'1 


'f      : 


■    i<A 


ORTALID^H — SYSTKMATIU    DlSTltl HUTIUN. 


59 


botweeii  both  authors,  forbid  us  from  giving  CoqutbtTl's  uuiue 
tbe  priority  over  Fabricius's. 

At  the  same  place  I  have  also  observed  how  very  di.stinct  a 
species  Myennis  fasciata  is,  with  its  Trypeta-Wkc  stature,  its 
low  head  and  especially  the  very  large  distance  between  the  ends 
of  the  auxiliary  and  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein;  the  latter 
character  especially  is  quite  peculiar  among  the  OvtaUdae  with 
a  bristly  first  longitudinal  vein. 

Among  the  Ortalidse  hitherto  described,  the  following  species, 
as  far  as  known  to  me,  show  a  sufficient  agreement,  in  vheir 
characters,  with  Myennis  fasciata  to  be  considered  as  belonging 
to  the  same  circle  of  relationship:  Trypeta  ocellata  W'od.,  from 
the  environs  of  Bahia,  Brazil;  Ortalis  obscura  Wied.,  from 
Brazil,  Ortalis  vau  Say,  and  Flalyfitoma  annulipes  Macq.,  the 
two  last  from  the  United  States.  Tlie  numerous  characters  which 
all  these  species  share  with  Myennis  fasciata,  besides  the  already 
mentioned  peculiarities  belonging  to  this  species  in  particular, 
aie:  1,  the  unmetallic  coloring  of  the  body;  2,  the  comparatively 
low,  but  rather  broad  head  ;  3,  the  broad  front ;  4,  the  rounded, 
more  or  less  protruding  eyes  ;  5,  the  round,  or  very  short  rounded- 
oval  shape  of  the  tl  .  d  antennal  joint ;  G,  the  shortness  of  the  more 
or  less  concave  face;  7,  the  small  development  of  the  clypeus  ;  8, 
the  comparatively  large  development  of  the  chest;  9,  the  protho- 
racic  bristle,  represented  by  a  very  small  hair  only ;  10,  the  middle 
of  the  thorax,  which  is  beset  with  bristles  upon  its  hind  part  only; 
11,  the  convex  scutellum,  provided  with  four  bristles;  12,  the  very 
much  abbreviated  fifth  segment  of  the  female  abdomen,  which  is 
very  often  quite  withdrawn  under  the  preceding  segment;  13,  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell,  which  is  drawn  out  in  a  point,  or 
ev«'n  in  a  lobe. 

Altlioiigh  the  agreement  in  so  many  characters  affords  a  dis- 
tinct proof  of  the  close  relationship  of  these  species,  each  of  them 
sli'/ws  at  the  ^aine  time  plastic  differences  of  such  an  importance, 
that  one  might  be  tempted  to  estal)Iish  a  separate  genus  for 
almost  i'/ierY  one  of  them.  These  differences  principally  consist 
ill  the  different  shape  of  t!ie  wings,  and  in  the  diff«'ront  course 
of  their  veins,  while  the  rest  of  the  organization  shows  a  re- 
markable agreement. 

In  the  shape  of  the  wings  two  remarkable  modifications  are 
worthy  of  notice,  and  may  serve  at  some  future  time  for  a  l'urih<^r 
subdivision  of  this  group. 


•\^'M 


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60 


DIPTKRA   OF    NOllTII    AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


\?«f*i^ 


M 


1^1  ; 


.'yl 


■•■r 


I  i!ii.-i 


The  wings  of  Tnjpeta  oecllata  and  obscura  differ  fruni  tlie 
usual  shape  of  tlie  wiiifrs  of  the  Ortalidae  by  their  uarrowiiess, 
the  parallelism  of  their  anterior  and  posterior  margins,  their 
broad  and  rounded  ai)e.x  and  their  comparatively  great  length. 
Mat'cpiart  placed  the  lirsl,  of  these  species  in  the  genus  riafy- 
stoma,  and  the  second,  still  more  oddly,  in  the  genus  Campto- 
neura.  llondani  has  had  a  better  eye  for  the  plastic  peculiari- 
ties of  Trypela  ocellata  and  established  the  genus  Pterocalla 
for  it.  I  have  derived  the  name  of  the  pi'esent  group  from  this 
well-founded  genus  of  Rondani's,  and  not  after  Rob.  Desvoidy's 
Mijennis,  established  for  Scatophaga  fanciata,  because  the  latter 
name,  although  much  earlier  in  date,  is  a  senseless  malformation. 

2'rypt'ta  obacura  is,  as  Wiedemann  has  correctly  observed  in 
its  description,  a  near  relative  of  Pterocalla  ocellata.  As  what 
occupies  us  now  is  the  systematic  location  of  only  a  small  num- 
ber of  species,  we  can,  without  any  hesitation,  unite  both  of  those 
species  in  the  same  genus,  although  the  venation  of  T.  obscura 
dillers  from  that  of  Pterocalla  ocellata  in  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  being  more  arcuate  than  undulated,  and  in  the  fourth  lon- 
gitudinal vein  being  distinctly  curved  forward. 

A  small  Isorth  American  species,  which  will  be  described 
below,  stands  close  enough  to  those  two  species  in  the  .shape  of 
its  wings  and  its  venation  to  be  placed  i..  the  same  genus.  It 
differs  however  in  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  longitudinal 
veins  being  quite  straight,  and  neither  wavy  nor  arcuate. 

A  most  striking  resemblance  to  this  Pterocalla  drigula  is  ex- 
hibited i)y  Trypeta  ulula,  a  South  African  species,  described  I'y 
nie  (Jlerl.  Entoni.  Zeitschr.)  after  an  incomplete  specimen,  witli- 
out  head.  Already  in  describing  this  species,  I  drew  attentinn 
to  the  fact  that  it  differs  from  the  ordinary  venation  of  the  Trij- 
petina  in  the  great  distance  intervening  Letween  the  tips  of  the 
auxiliary  and  of  the  first  longitudinal  veins.  I  do  not  doulit 
now  that  this  species  is  a  Pterocalla,  and  that  I  would  have 
recognized  this  earlier  if  I  had  had  a  complete  .'specimen  before 
me.  Roth  species  agree  very  well  in  all  their  plastic  characters, 
esjiecially  in  the  sha|)e  of  the  wings  and  in  the  venation;  tlie 
only  difference  which  I  notice  in  P.  ulula  is  the  position  of  tlie 
posterior  crossvein,  which  is  much  steelier. 

The  genus  P/erocalla,  as  I  deline  it  here,  thus  embrace.'^  a'l 
those  Plerocallina  which,  in  the  outline  of  their  wings,  reseuiblf 


ORTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION, 


61 


Pterocalla  ocellata,  so  that  this  outline  must  be  coiisidoretl  as 
the  principal  diagnostic  character  of  this  genus. 

Among  the  numerous  undescribed  Plerocallina,  which  I  have 
seen,  I  know  of  no  one  which  may  be  placed  in  the  genus  Ptero- 
calla, although  several  of  them  agree  with  the  species  of  this 
gonus  in  some  one  point  pertaining  to  the  venation.  But  none 
of  those  species  has  the  wings  of  that  peculiar  shape  which 
characterizes  Pterocalla ;  on  the  contrary,  the  outline  of  tho 
wings  of  all  these  species  does  not,  in  any  marked  degree,  dilfcr 
froin  that  of  the  ordinary  Ortalidse.  Like  the  sjiecies  enumerated 
atxne,  they  have  this  peculiarity,  that  eacu  species,  although 
agreeing  with  the  others  in  the  characters  belonging  to  the 
group,  at  the  same  time  shows  such  important  plastic  ditferences, 
tiiat  the  establishment  of  a  series  of  new  genera  becomes  indis- 
pensable. I  regret  not  to  be  able  to  enter  here  into  the  detail 
of  this  subject,  as,  without  plates,  it  is  impossible  to  define  those 
genera  sufficiently.  Thus  much  only  will  I  mention,  that  among 
them  there  is  a  species  which  has  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal 
cell  rounded.  The  generic  distribution  of  the  North  American 
species,  which  will  be  described  below,  does  not,  fortunately, 
require  these  South  American  forms  to  be  taken  into  considera- 
tion. 

Among  the  North  American  Pterocallina,  Ortalis  van  Say 
is  the  nearest  to  Mycnnis  faaciata  Fab.  The  venation,  however, 
is  different  enough  to  prevent  us  from  placing  them  in  the  same 
genus.  The  two  crossvcins  in  O.  vau  are  less  approximated,  and 
'  "  anterior  end  of  the  posterior  one  is  further  from  the  basis  of  the 
wing  than  the  posterior  end,  while  in  Myennis  fasciata  the  con- 
trary is  the  case,  so  that  the  posterior  crossvein  of  this  species  has 
a  different  position.  Moreover,  the  fir.st  segment  of  the  ovipositor 
of  the  female  of  Ortalis  vau  has  not  the  conically  attenuated 
shape  which  it  has  in  Mi/ennis  fasciata  and  in  many  Tnipctina; 
it  is  broader,  somewhat  attenuated  from  its  middle  only,  like  the 
ovipositor  of  the  majority  of  the  Ortnliijpe..  T  consider,  therefore, 
Ortalis  vau  as  the  type  of  a  new  genus,  which  I  call  Stictoce- 

PHALA. 

To  Sticfocpphala  van  mnst  be  nddod  a  second  North  American 
•pedes,  which  I  received  from  Baron  Osten  Sacken,  under  the 
namo  of  Tiphritin  rorfinnlis  Fitch  in  litt.,  and  which  will  be  de- 
scribed by  me  UDder  the  same  name.     The  venation  resembles 


'I. 


1 


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•     ■  'A   '•■•;■    M/,.  . 


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62 


DIPTERA   OP    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  hi. 


that  of  S.  vau  so  closely  that  I  have  no  hesitation  in  placing  it 
in  the  same  genus. 

There  are  two  other  North  American  species  which  I  take  to 
be  undoscribod,  and  which  also  belong  to  Stictocephala.  As 
their  wings  are  not  pictured  like  those  of  the  two  preceding  spe- 
cies, but  simply  banded,  the  difference  between  them  seems,  at 
first  glance,  to  be  greater  than  it  really  is.  A  close  examination 
does  not  disclose  any  plastic  difference  which  would  justify  their 
generic  separation  from  Stictocephala.  I  will  describe  them  as 
Stictocephala  cribrum  and  cribellum. 

The  North  American  species  described  by  Macquart  as  Platy- 
stoma  annidipes  shows,  in  the  detail  of  its  structure,  an  almost 
complete  agreement  with  the  species  of  Stictocephala,  but  differs 
so  much  in  the  outline  of  the  wings  and  still  more  in  the  vena- 
tion, that  it  cannot  be  placed  in  that  genus.  The  difference  in 
the  outline  of  the  wings  consists  in  the  fact  that  the  posterior 
margin  is  more  convex,  and  hence,  the  wings  are  broader  ;  the 
difference  in  the  venation  appears  in  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  being  drawn  out  in  a  very  long  lobe,  and  in  the  position 
of  the  posterior  crossvein,  the  anterior  end  of  which  is  much 
nearer  to  the  apex  of  the  wMng  than  the  posterior  end.  As  this 
species  does  not  find  a  convenient  place  in  any  of  the  existing 
genera,  I  am  compelled  to  establish  a  new  one  for  it,  which  I  call 
Callopistria. 

This  would  close  the  series  of  the  few  genera  of  Pterocallinci, 
hitherto  sufficiently  defined,  if  we  had  not  to  advert  to  the  genus 
PsAiROPTERA  Wahlb.,  occurring  in  northern  and  central  Europe, 
as  well  as  in  northern  Asia,  a  genus  for  which  it  is  not  easy  to 
find  an  appropriate  place  in  the  system.  The  species  of  this 
genus  resemble  the  Ulidina  in  their  general  appearance,  and  I 
would  not  have  hesitated  to  place  them  in  that  section,  if  their 
third  longitudinal  vein  was  not  distinctly  beset  with  hairs.  I 
acknowledge  that  their  location  among  the  Ulidina  is  more 
natural  than  among  the  Plcrocallina.  Nevertheless,  I  place 
the  genus  among  the  latter  and  thus  put  a  greater  stress  upon 
the  artificial  character,  derived  from  the  pilosity  of  the  third 
vein,  than  upon  more  close  and  natural  affinities,  but  which  are 
more  difficult  to  explain  in  words.  If  I  do  this,  it  is  because  T 
hold  that  a  strict  adherence  to  those  characters,  by  moans  of 
which  I  have  tried  to  introduce  into  the  systematic  chaos  of  the 


ORTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION. 


63 


Ortaliilie  a  satisfactory  distribution  in  groups,  is  more  apt  to 
insure  the  recognition  within  these  groups  of  available  genera, 
than  if  we  should  attempt  to  avail  ourselves  of  afiBnities,  which, 
although  visible  to  the  eye,  do  not  admit  of  exact  definitions. 

Paairoptera  finds  a  fitting  location  at  the  end  of  the  Pterch 
callina,  so  as  to  be  immediately  followed  by  the  Ulidina.  The 
principal  differences  from  the  above-mentioned  genera  of  Ptero- 
callina  consist  in  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell,  which  is 
more  or  less  a  sharp  right  angle,  and  in  the  much  smaller  dis- 
tance between  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  that  of  the  first 
longitudinal.  The  shape  of  the  head  likewise  shows  not  unim- 
portant differences  from  tha  other  genera  of  the  group,  and  some 
of  the  species  of  Psairoptera  have,  moreover,  the  last  antennal 
joint  of  a  more  elliptical  shape. 

In  enumerating  the  most  characteristic  distinctive  marks  of 
the  Plerocallina,  we  cannot,  for  the  above  stated  reasons,  lay 
the  same  stress  upon  Psairoptera  as  upon  the  other  genera  of 
this  group.     These  characters  may  be  summed  up  as  follows  : — 

Habitus  Trypeta-WkQ ;  coloring  non-metallic ;  head  rather 
broad,  but  low,  with  rather  protuberant  eyes ;  face  short,  per- 
pendicular, excavated  in  the  middle ;  clypeus  but  little  de- 
veloped ;  third  antennal  joint  round  or  rounded  ovate  ;  thoracic 
dorsum  bristly  upon  its  posterior  part  only ;  third  longitudinal 
vein  hairy  ;  and  above  all,  as  the  most  important  character,  the 
unusually  large  distance  between  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal 
and  that  of  the  auxiliary  veins. 

For  the  Plerocallina  from  North  America,  hitherto  known, 
we  can  add  to  the  above-enumerated  characters  the  posterior 
angle  of  the  anal  cell,  which  is  drawn  out  in  a  long  lobe. 


;\0  vi-', 


.1- 


■t 


SECOND  DIVISION. 

Ortalit>.e  having  the  First  Longitudinal  Vein  Bare, 

The  European  genera  belonging  here  are  :  Seoptera  Kirby, 
TiMiA  Wied.,  Ulidia  Meig.,  Chrysomyza  Fall.,  with  which 
Chloria  Schin.  is  coincident,  and  Empyelocera  Lw.  They  are 
allied  enough  to  each  other  to  be  united  in  the  same  gi-oup. 

A  type,  very  different  from  the  preceding  genera,  appears  in 
the  genus  Richardia  Rob.  Desv.,  which  seems  to  be  rather 


, '  ■■■■«.. 


f..»' 


.ll;.L 


lil.!' 


64 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[I'ART  III. 


.-■■-N  H 


.(    ..■'>•.< 


J»! 


i'.Ci'.i- 


■>;n?^- 


abundantly  rci)rosented  in  America  and  likewi.se  helong.s  to  tliis 
division.  A  whole  series  of  related  genera,  peculiar  to  Anierica, 
niiiy  Ije  classed  witb  liichardia:  like  the  latter,  they  are  all 
distinguished  by  armed  femora. 

This  is  the  reason  wiiy,  in  a  former  publication,  I  separated 
the  whole  second  division  of  the  Orlalina  in  two  groups,  the  one 
with  unarmed,  the  other  with  armed  femora;  the  first  I  called 
Uliiliiia,  the  second  ItichanUna;  and  in  the  Berlin  Entom.  Zeil' 
Hchrifl,  Vol.  XI,  I  described  the  American  UUdina  which,  at 
the  time,  were  known  to  me.  Now,  however,  that  I  have  become 
acquainted  with  a  larger  number  of  forni.s  belonging  in  this 
division,  I  incline  to  think  that  its  sej)aration  in  the  groups 
UUdina  and  Richardina  becomes  more  natural,  if,  ns  a  distin- 
guishing character  of  these  groups,  we  nssume,  not  the  armed  or 
unarmed  femora,  but  the  shai)e  of  the  anal  cell.  All  the  genera 
having  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  more  or  less  pointed 
belong  to  the  UUdina;  those  genera,  on  the  contrary,  where  this 
is  not  the  case  are  to  be  placed  with  the  Richardina.  This 
modification  does  not  much  alter  the  distribution  of  the  genera 
among  these  two  groups,  as  all  the  genera  with  armed  femora,  at 
present  known,  will,  in  the  new  distribution,  be  likewise  referred 
to  the  Richardina.  Among  the  genera  which,  in  the  above- 
quoted  publication,  I  placed  with  the  UUdina,  Epiplalca  alone 
will  have  to  be  transferred  among  the  Richardina.  Among  the 
genera  of  Richardina,  enumerated  below,  Steneretma,  according 
to  the  former  mode  of  subdivision,  would  have  belonged  to  the 
UUdina,  and  thus  would  not  have  been  placed  near  Idiotypa, 
which  is  closely  allied  to  it.  With  the  former  mode  of  distribu- 
tion, the  position  of  the  new  genus  Coniceps,  based  upon  a  North 
American  species,  would  have  been  a  somewhat  doubtful  one,  as 
the  under  side  of  its  hind  femora  bears  a  few  stronger  hairs,  but 
can  hardly  be  called  armed. 

First  SccUon:  UUdina. 

The  five  genera  of  UUdina  represented  in  Europe,  and 
enumerated  in  the  preceding  paragraph,  are  not  confined  to  this 
part  of  the  world.  The  European  Seoptera  vihrans  also  occurs 
in  the  adjoining  provinces  of  Asia,  and  is  represented  in  America 
by  a  species  most  closely  resembling  it.     European  species  of 


OUTALID^ — SYSTEMATIC    DISTRIBUTION, 


65 


TiMiA,  Empykldceha,  and  Ulidia  occur  in  Asia  togctlier  with 
otlitT  sitocies,  peculiar  to  tliat  part  of  tlio  world.  I'iiuysomy/a 
demandata  liliewise  ranges  over  a  considerable  part  of  Asia  and 
Africa ;  both  couutries  contain  besides  spec'ies  of  this  genus 
peculiar  to  thorn. 

The  South  American  Ulidia  stigma  Wiedeuiann  and  the 
Brazilian  Ulidia  bipunclala  Alacq.  are  not  Clidise  at  all, 
although  they  probably  belong  to  the  group  Ulidina,  the  Drst  to 
the  genus  Notorjramma,  the  last  to  Euxesta.  Ulidia  mdallica 
Bigot,  from  Cuba,  is  perhaps  a  Chrysoviyza;  as  to  the  Ulidia 
fuhnfrons  Bigot,  from  the  same  locality,  it  is  impossible,  from 
Bigot's  description,  to  come  to  any  conclusions  about  its  place  in 
the  system. 

America  seems  in  general  to  be  very  rich  in  forms  belonging 
to  the  Ulidina.  For  the  species  which  came  within  my  knowl- 
edge   I   have   established    the   genera:    DasymetoI'A,  Okuui'A, 

XOTOOUAMMA,     EuPIIARA,     ACROSTICTA,     EUXKSTA,     ClI^dlTOl'SlH, 

IIypoecta  and  Stenomyia. 

The  species  descril)cd  ])y  former  authors,  which  belong  in  the 
circle  of  tlie  above-mentionod  genera,  are  to  be  found  in  Wiede- 
mann partly  in  the  genus  Orlalis,  partly  in  Ulidia.  In  Macquart, 
as  far  as  I  can  ascertain,  thev  are  scattered  among  the  Ulidise 
or  even  in  Cero.rys  and  Urojihora,  which  shows,  on  that  author's 
part,  an  utter  neglect  of  their  plastic  characters.  The  genus 
E^jmetopia  established  by  Macquart  in  his  family  Psilomydee, 
does  not  belong  to  it,  but  to  the  Ulidina. 

It  is  not  doubtful  at  all  that  Asia  and  Africa,  l)csides  the 
genera  which  they  have  in  common  with  Europe,  harbor  some 
genera  of  Ulidina  which  are  peculiar  to  them.  Gorgopis 
Gerstfficker,  described  by  Doleschall,  some  time  previously,  under 
the  inappropriate  name  of  Zygaenula,  probably  l)elongs  to  this 
group.  It  differs,  it  is  true,  from  all  the  known  Ulidina  very 
much  ;  still  the  structure  of  the  head  in  Oedopa  may  be  indicative 
of  an  aflinity. 

Unfortunately  I  cannot  give  any  further  information  concern- 
ing other  exotic  Ulidina  of  the  old  world,  as  I  have  none  in  my 
possession.  The  existing  descriptions  of  a  number  of  Orialidse 
which  may  possibly  belong  to  the  group  Ulidina,  ai'e  not  accurate 
iiifiiigh  to  admit  of  any  positive  conclusions. 

I  have  not  met  with  any  Ulidina  from  Oceanica  yet. 
5 


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60 


DIPTERA    OF    NOIITII   AMERICA. 


Second  Section:  Itichardina. 


[part  hi. 


'  Among  all  the  genera  of  thi.s  group,  Richardia  Rob.  Di'^^v., 
distinguished  by  its  posterior  femora,  armed  with  opines,  is  the 
best  and  longest  known.  Tliis  oireunistance  indueed  nie  to 
derive  the  name  of  the  seetion  from  it.  It  seems  to  Ijc  exclusivt  ly 
Ameriean;  the  Iiicha?'diaJlavilarsis'Maci{.,  from  tlie  Marqll^^ils 
Islands,  docs  not  belong  to  this  genus,  and  if  the  manner  in  wiiicli 
the  auxiliary  vein  is  represented  upon  ]Mae(iuart's  figure  1)c  only 
of  average  correctness,  we  may  even  infer  that  it  docs  not  belong 
to  the  Itichardina  at  all.  The  other  species  which  Macquarf, 
Kondani  and  Gersta;cker  have  added  to  the  genus  Richardia  arc 
all  natives  of  America.  The  two  males  of  Richardia  descrilicd 
by  Gersta)cker  are  distinguished  by  the  dilatation  of  their  hciul, 
somewhat  in  the  manner  of  J(7</cr.s- ;  their  females  are  not  known 
yet;  still  the  analogy  of  Achias  and  of  other  genera,  having  a 
similar  structure  of  the  head,  justifies  us  in  suj)posing  that  their 
heads  do  not  show  any  extraordinary  dilatation. 

The  fly  of  unknown  habitat  which  Macquart  described  as 
ODOtiTOUERA  fc7-ruginea  UJidoubtcdly  l)eloiigs  in  the  inimediiite 
affinity  of  Richardia.  As  I  have  never  seen  it,  my  knowledge 
of  it  is  based  exclusively  upon  31  r.  Macquart's  statements. 
These,  however,  are  entirely  sufficient  to  prove  that  the  fly 
belongs  in  the  family  Ortalidie,  and  not  in  the  IVypetidse,  where 
Macquart  places  it.  That  it  belongs  to  the  Richardina  I  infer 
from  the  evidently  very  close  relationship  which  exists  between 
it  and  the  Sepsis  Guerinii  Bigot  from  Cuba.  The  generic  name 
must  be  changed,  on  account  of  the  already  existing  Odontomcrm 
Gravenh. 

This  Sepsis  Guerinii  agrees  in  so  many  characters  with  Odon- 
tomera  ferruginea  ]\Iacq.  that  one  might  be  tempted  to  place  it 
in  the  genus  Odontoviera.  Should  Macquart's  statements,  how- 
ever, be  correct,  this  would  not  be  admissible,  as  Odoniomera 
P'rruginea  possesses  not  only  much  stouter  femora  and  a  much 
more  projecting  front,  but  also  an  auxiliary  vein  which  is  much 
less  approximated  to  the  first  longitudinal  than  in  Sepsis 
Gvcrinii.  We  are  compelled,  therefore,  to  consider  Scp.^is 
Gvcrinii  as  a  separate  genus  of  the  Richardina,  which  we  will 
call  Stenomacra. 

We  have,  in  the  next  place,  to  mention  the  genus  Setellia. 


OUTALIDiE — SYSTEMATIC   DISTRIBUTION. 


67 


It  was  founded  by  Rob.  Dosvoidy,  and  Setellia  otra  Rob.  Posv. 
must  b«  considered  as  its  type.  1  liave  nut  seen  this  species,  and, 
unfortunately,  the  statements  of  Rob.  Desvoidy  arc  not  sufficient 
to  enable  me  to  decide  whether  HctcUia  atra  belongs  to  the 
Richardina  or  to  the  Cejihalina.  In  the  same  way,  I  am  uiiablo 
to  decide  whether  the  Brazilian  species,  subsequently  described 
by  Macquart  as  Setellia  aju'calis  really  belongs  in  the  same  genus 
with  Setellia  atra.  As  Rob.  Desvoidy  does  not  allude  at  all  to 
the  femora  of  his  species  being  spinous,  while  Macquart's  species 
is  remarkable  for  all  its  femora  being  armed  in  a  rather  striking 
manner,  it  becomes  exceedingly  doubtful  whether  Macfpiart's 
species  is  a  Setellia  in  the  sense  of  Rob.  Desvoidy's. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  species  more  related  to  Setellia  aptcnlis 
Macq.  than  that  species  from  Colombia,  South  America,  which 
Gerstaicker  described  under  the  name  of  3fi<:hogafiter  egreriius. 
As  its  flrst  longitudinal  vein  is  bare  and  its  femora  are  armed, 
it  cannot  possibly  remain  connected  with  the  true  species  of 
Mischogaster,  but  must  be  considered  as  the  type  of  a  se))aratc 
genus  of  Itichardir.   .  for  which  I  propose  the  name  of  Euoi,ena. 

To  place  Setellia  apicalis  in  the  genus  Euolena  is  not  possi- 
ble ;  it  has  no  stump  of  a  vein  upon  the  second  longitudinal  vein 
inside  of  the  submarginal  cell,  a  character  distinguishing  Evolena 
ecjregia;  its  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  converge  more 
distinctly  towards  their  end,  and  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal 
cell  is  not  rounded.  Setellia  apicalis  will  also  have  to  be  con- 
sidered as  the  type  of  a  separate  genus,  which  may  be  called 
Syntaces.  In  the  supposition  that  the  first  longitudinal  vein  of 
Syntaces  apicalis,  like  that  of  its  relative  Euolena  egregia,  is 
bare,  I  think  that  the  best  location  for  this  genus  is  among  the 
lUchardina.  It  is  true  that  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell, 
in  Macquart's  figure,  is  almost  acute;  in  the  generic  diagnosis, 
however,  he  calls  the  anal  cell :  "torminee  carrement,"  so  that  the 
shape  of  this  cell  cannot  ])e  an  obstacle  to  the  locatioi.  of  tlie 
genus  among  the  Bivhardiva;  and  this  view  is  supported  by  the 
spinous  femora,  a  character  common  to  nearly  all  the  genera  of 
this  group.  Should,  however,  the  first  longitudinal  vein  of  Sijn- 
taces  be  hairy  or  bristly,  then  the  location  of  the  genus  among 
the  Richardina  would  be  impossible. 

Next  to  Euolena  is  the  genus  Idiotypa,  which  I  establish  for 
anew  species  from  Cuba.     In  its  general  habitus  it  is  almost 


M 


•■;k>- 


.•* 


■fc 


■.*"* 


■  .'  ' '  >•'  •■»'l 

'  •      ■  ■;,•*, 
■  '      •,  .'A  e 

,    ■  ■■■■■-  V;;.  , 

.    ■  ■./       '.  •   ■ 

.     •  •  '\<  .- 
'  ^■■..'  -I 


■r.     ':*>•"'■■' 


.'■>■.  • 


;'':''i:#V' 


>x  . 


1%  ■' 


i .'   , 


68 


DIl'TERA    OF    NORTH    AMKlllCA. 


[I'AUT  III. 


■*.(„■ 


■■  ^iti' 


iK: 


like  one  of  llm  more  corpulent  AnH-riean  speeies  of  Jhivcliu;  fur 
instance,  JJacc/ia  vnjntala  l^w.  The  Hoeontl  longiludinal  vein, 
which  in  Eunhna  forms  a  short  sluu^p  inside  of  ihe  sul»inar;!;inal 
cell,  bears,  iu  tbis  genus,  almost  at  the;  same  place,  similar 
stumps,  not  only  in  the  submarginal,  but  also  in  the  marginal 
cell.  The  most  striking  difl"<'rcnce,  however,  lies  in  the  structure 
of  the  fci't,  as  Euolcva  has  the  fuur  posterior  femoni  rennukahly 
long  and  slender,  which  is  nut  in  \he  least  the  case  with  Llivli/j>a. 

The  genus  Steneuetma,  which  will  be  characterized  in  the 
third  part,  treating  of  the  2sorth  American  species,  is  related  to 
Idiohjjia. 

Tin'  Soutli  American  ppocics  described  by  Fabricius  once  as 
Scalophayn  trimacvlala  and  another  time  as  Uacun  JIavus,  and 
which  Wiedemann  placed  in  the  g(  aiis  Trypda,  doctj  nut  belong 
in  this  genus  at  all,  but  iu  the  ])resent  group  of  the  Ortnliduc. 
The  description,  which  Macquart  gave  of  his  Ciklo.metoi'JA 
fcrrurjinca,  contains  so  much  which  is  entirely  ai)plieable  to 
Faluicius's  species,  that  I  have  no  doubt  that  the  latter  species 
was  the  very  same  from  which  the  description  of  Cwlometojiia 
fcrruginca  was  drawn,  When  Macquart  says  that  in  C.ffrru- 
fjinca  the  middle  femora  alone  are  armed,  this  statement  is  pro- 
bably based  upon  an  insufficient  observation  ;  when  he  calls  the 
last  three  tarsal  joints  white,  this  seonis  to  be  a  lapsus  calami, 
as  the  figure  shows  nothing  of  the  kiml,  and  as  on  two  of  the 
tarsi  the  first  joints  are  even  represented  as  much  paler  than  the 
following  ones ;  the  latter  probably  being  tnfuseated,  as  they  are 
in  Fabrieius's  species.  Should  even,  contrary  to  my  supposition, 
Macquart's  species  be  different  from  that  of  Fabricius,  they  will 
at  all  events  belong  to  the  same  genus. 

The  Odontomera  macuUjirnnis  of  Macquart  from  Colombia, 
South  America,  seems  very  closely  allied  to  Ccelometopui  ; 
^VFacquart's  own  statements  show  that  it  agrees  in  so  many 
characters  with  Coolometopia  trimaculata,  that  it  may  be  trans- 
ferred to  the  same  genus  with  it;  one  would  even  be  led  to  sup- 
pose that  it  is  nothing  Imt  the  female  of  CffloDietopia  trimaculata. 
With  the  above  mentioned  Odontomera  ferruginca.  Macq.  (not 
Cadomelopia  ferruginea  Macq.)  Odontomera  maculipennis  has 
too  little  in  common  to  be  considered  as  belonging  to  the  same 
genus. 

A  pretty  species  from  Cuba,  which  will  be  described  in  the 


bia, 

B 

na  ; 

B 

any 

^^k< 

ms- 

■1 

up- 

ita. 
not 

1 

has 

I 

,mo 

^B 

Itbe 


OUTALIPiE-  -SYSTEMATIC    MSTRIUL'TION. 


69 


Boquel,  can  also  be  plat'cd  in  the  genus  t'd-Iowf  lopia,  nltliougli 
the  ocelli,  which  here,  as  well  as  iu  the  latter  genus,  are  rather 
much  forward  on  the  front  and  close  to  each  other,  are  plihcd 
here  upon  a  very  gfiitle  elevation,  while  iu  t'telometopia  the 
projection  vvhieh  bears  them  is  quite  high. 

Closely  related  to  Coioinctojiia  is  the  species  described  by 
"Wieueniann  as  Tnjpela  cijatw(judiT.  It  is  nut  a  real  Go'ionie- 
topiu,  as  its  posterior  ocelli  are  less  remote  from  the  vertex  and 
the  anterior  one  (piite  distant  from  them  ;  moreover  the'  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  vein^  are  jtarallel  here  and  the  hind 
femora  alone  bear  a  few  bristles,  while  in  Co  '"ntvtojtia  all  the 
femora  are  beset  with  spines.  Fur  this  reason  Tnjpcta  cijanO' 
gastcr  has  to  be  considered  as  the  type  of  a  new  genus,  which 
niny  be  called  Melanoloma.  A  second  species  of  this  genus, 
from  Brazil,  has  the  same  picture  of  the  wings  as  M.  rijanogn.<tcr, 
consisting  ia  a  black  border  of  the  costal  margin  and  of  the  small 
crossvein. 

Other  Brazilian  OrlnUdee  resemble  the  genus  Melanoloma  in 
the  fact  that  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  are  parallel; 
the  agreement  in  the  structure  of  the  rest  of  the  body,  especially 
of  the  head,  is  very  striking.  These  species  differ,  however,  in  all 
the  femora  being  spinous,  in  the  arista  being  distinctly  pubescent, 
in  the  still  greater  distance  between  the  anterior  ocellus  and  the 
two  posterior  ones,  iu  the  close  proximity  of  the  two  crossveins 
of  the  wings,  and  in  the  picture  of  the  wings,  which  does  not 
consist  in  a  black  border  on  the  costa,  but  in  large,  crossband- 
like  spots.  I  deem  it  useful  to  introduce  for  such  species  a  new 
genus,  which  I  will  call  IIkmixantiia;  a  species  of  this  genus, 
E.  spinipes,  will  be  described  below. 

That  Dacus  Jlavicornis  "Wied.,  from  Brazil,  belongs  in  the 
same  circle  of  relationship  is  proved  by  the  original  specimen, 
p^eservt^d  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 

Before  having  subjected  that  specimen  to  a  second  and  more 
close  examination,  I  would  not  venture  to  decide  whether  it  can 
be  placed  in  any  of  the  genera,  which  I  have  just  discussed.  As 
far  as  I  remember,  its  scutellum  bears  only  two  bristles ;  this 
would  prevent  its  identification  with  any  one  of  those  genera,  as 
it  is  verv  unlike  iust  those  anions  them  which  sliare  that  character 
with  it.  Otherwise  it  has  the  same  Dnrvi^-WVo  structure  of  the 
face  as  most  Richardma;  the  third  auteurial  joint  is  elongated ; 


•■•■i.'T'it 


It «' .  ■ 

.     .   '."h'V.. 

«», 

,     "■      ^^l*  ■ 

♦  t 

•■  ■•■:,^;..r:*' 

■       •! 

'       \vi^> 

■     ■'  :-,-.V, 

.».■;'•»      \ 

1       .,.'/,  „• 

•■v.'J,.     . 

' 

■     'K-l 

- 

■>*. 

'      ."■' I'H 

'.y  \-  -■  ', 

•:•«:• 

• .  If  •■ 

•  ».••,'  ■. 

■    '.  '•  ^^  :  .: 

•*    .       * 

•'■, 

'     ■"'  '-'•;:•'; 

,''.■' 


u    M 


:■ .',   ■  .'-1,  V  -  •  ';  .  t  ;.■■ 


,.    » •      ' 


'    » 


■„1 


•'A 


TO 


DU'TKIIA   OF    Ndliru    AMKIUCA. 


[I'AUl  III. 


the  .sIiMitler  arista  is  distinctly  pubescoiil ;  the  iilnloiiun  is  of  un 
equal  brcadlli;  tlie  poHti-rior  angle  of  tin-  anul  (•fll  i.s  not  acuto 
ond  tliu  fourtli  lungitudinal  vein  tjuuicwbut  cuuvergcut  wilii  lliu 
third;  all  tliu  feniura  arc  armed. 

1  have  also  to  nu'ntiun  the  genus  Coni^kph,  vliich  I  find 
necessary  to  cHtalilish  for  a  North  American  sptcies.  On  account 
of  th(!  retracted  posterior  anj,'le  of  the  nntil  cell  it  niust  liJicwiso 
be  placed  Pinonj,'  Iho  liichanlina,  although  in  its  general  appear, 
auee  it  is  more  like  certain  Vlidinn,  especially  Euinelojiia. 

The  rcttson  why  I  place  Epu'LATEa  among  the  liichardina  Las 
been  alluded  to  above. 

Thus  I  have  reaclu'd  the  limit  of  the  genera,  the  location  of 
which  among  the  liichardina  appears  to  nie  bcy«»nd  doubt,  it 
is  certain  that  the  nunil)er  of  Itichanlinn  which  may  jet  remain 
unrecognized  among  the  existing  descriptions  is  far  from  e.\- 
haustcd  by  nic ;  but  who  would  venture,  upon  the  statenientH  of 
uiost  of  these  description.s,  to  form  an  opinion  on  the  systematic 
location  of  the  species  which  the}'  mean  to  represent  I 

It  will  hardly  be  neees.sary  to  mention  here  the  East  Indian 
genus  Meracantiia.  Its  Ki)inose  femora  imiy  suggest  the  sup- 
position that  it  belongs  to  the  liichardina.  l>ut  as  this  character 
does  not  belong  exclusively  to  this  gnnip,  and  as  the  very  acute 
angle  of  the  anal  cell  of  Mcracantlia  does  uot  occur  among  the 
liichardina  in  the  acceptation  of  that  group  as  I  understand  it 
hi're,  I  cannot  consider  Meravanlha  as  belonging  to  the 
liichardina. 

IJesides  the  bareness  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  the  not 
acute  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell,  which  two  characters  con- 
stitute the  diagnosis  of  the  liichardina,  the  following  characters 
are  common  to  all  the  genera  which  I  have  had  occasion  to  ex- 
amine in  detail;  a  break  in  the  costal  vein  immediately  before 
the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  the  great  j)ro.\imity  between  the 
auxiliary  and  first  longitudinal  veins  and  the  very  small  distance 
between  their  ends  ;  finally  the  thoracic  dorsum  being  beset  with 
bristles  upou  its  posterior  part  ouly. 


lij 


III. 


THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  ORTALIDil. 

It  is  a  long  time  since  I  intended  to  publish  a  nionofrrnph  of 
the  North  Anierieun  Ortulidie.  The  hope  uiid  expectation,  how- 
ever, of  increasing  in  a  nieu^^ure  n)y  very  frtignientary  knowledge 
of  this  family  by  the  addition  of  nwjre  species,  either  new  or  not 
yet  seen  i»y  me,  induced  me  to  postpone  for  some  time  the  com- 
pletion of  my  work.  Unfortunately,  tiiis  expectation  has  not 
been  fulfilled.  Witliin  the  last  four  years,  only  five  species  were 
added  to  those  previously  known  by  me,  and  it  became  evident 
that  if  I  had  to  wait  for  a  tolerable  increase  of  my  ae(|uaintanco 
with  the  Ortalida;,  my  work  would  run  the  risk  of  remaining  un- 
published. I  let  it  ait|)ear,  therefore,  in  the  best  shape  I  could 
give  it,  with  the  scanty  materials  at  my  command.  I  have  no 
duubt  that  North  America  contains  a  far  larger  number  of 
genera  than  those  which  came  within  my  knowledge.  In  order 
to  define,  with  some  approximation,  the  systematic  position  of  the 
genera  of  which  I  have  not  had  any  representatives  for  com- 
parison, I  have  included  in  this  monograph  all  the  South 
American  genera  of  which  I  possess  specimens;  inasmuch  as  it 
is  very  probable  that  most  of  them  occur  at  least  in  the  southern 
portion  of  North  America.  The  striking  analogy  between  the 
North  American  and  European  Orlalinn  renders  it  very  probable 
that  the  number  of  genera  in  this  group,  common  to  both  conti- 
nents, is  larger  than  it  appears  nt  present.  For  this  reason  I 
have  deemed  it  useful  to  include  in  the  general  characters  of  the 
Ortalina  all  the  data  necessary  for  the  recognition  of  the  more 
difficult  and  less  well  known  among  the  European  genera. 

Syitopsis  of  the  Dislrihution  of  the  Family. 
Division  I. — First  longitudinal  vein  bristly  or  distinctly  hairy. 


A.  Ovipositor  not  flattened. 

Section  I.  Pyrgotina. 


:.i. 


"» 


' .  '■Si 


,t* 


1 

♦  i 

^ 

'■'W.' 

•   r 

■ 

*.  ** 

'  'V-:;:., 

'•1. 


-&■:.: 


t-v 


-vfe'i 


'4 


■•■j 


(Tl) 


"i"'.  t  'i'-'  i_ 


12 


DIPTERA    OF   NORTH    AMERICA. 


[I'AiiT  in. 


:!; 


i  ( .  h' 


^:: 


B.  Ovipositor  flattened. 

a.  Third  auteuual  joint  not  ciruular. 

1.  No  protlioracic,  no  uiesoilioracij  bristle. 

Section  11.   I^luti/sluniina. 

2.  No  puothoracic,  but  a  uiesotlioracic  bristle. 

Section  III.    Ctjihalina. 

3.  A  protlioracic  and  a  uiesotlioracio  bristle. 

Section  IV.    Ortulina. 

b.  Third  antennal  joint  circular. 

Section  V.  Ptcrocallina. 

Division  II. — First  longitudinal  vein  bare. 

A.  Posterior  angle  of  the  anal'  cell  drawn  oat  in  a  point,  or,  at  least, 

more  or  less  acute. 
Femora  never  armed. 

Section  I.    Ulidina. 

B.  Posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  obtuse,  rounded  or  retracted. 

Femora  armed  in  most  of  the  genera. 
Section  II.  Richardina. 

FIRST  DIVISION. 

ORTALIDiE  WITH  THE  FiRST  LoNUTTUDINAL  TeIN  BrISTLY  OR 

DISTINCTLY  IIaIRY. 


First  Section:  Pyrgotina. 

Gen.  I.  PYRGOTA  Wied. 

Charact. — Front  of  equal  breadth,  without  ocelli,  very  much  projecting  in 
profile. 

Anterirxn  drooping,  second  joint  rather  long,  third  more  or  less  ovate; 
arista  pubescent. 

Face  retreating,  under  the  antenna  with  deep  foveae,  separated  by  a 
very  low  ridge;  they  reach  as  far  as  the  middle  of  the  fact,  or  only 
a  little  below;  lateral  parts  of  the  face  very  broad,  still  more 
approximated  on  the  lower  half  of  the  face  ;  ornl  opening  compara- 
tively small ;  cfypeus  but  little  developed  ;  proboscis  not  stout. 

Scutellum  with  many  bristles. 

'  It  may  not  be  useless  to  refer  here  to  Vol.  I^  p.  xxiv,  of  these  ^fon'>- 
graphs,  where  (fig.  1)  a  wing  of  Ortnlis  is  represented.  The  anni  cell  is 
marked  M  on  the  figure,  and  is  the  same  as  tlie  third  hnsnl  cell,  or  the 
posterior  one  of  the  small  basal  cells.  Although  this  synonymy  is  not 
mentioned  in  the  explanation  of  the  figure  (at  the  foot  of  the  same  page). 
it  may  be  found  in  the  same  volume,  p.  xx,  line  18  from  the  top. — 0.  ?. 


■'iiiiiii 

if:  ■'■'■i:^i^i 


v'!^vi. 


:-•.••(' 


ORTALlDiE — I'YKGOTA. 


73 


Ahdimen  :  in  the  male  with  four  segments,  the  first  of  which  strikingly 
prolonged,  the  following  ones  coiisiiiera'jly  sliorter ;  in  the  female 
with  five  segmetit-s,  the  first  of  which  verj  remarkahly  prolonged, 
the  following  ones  ijuite  as  remarkably  shortened;  vi-ijiLaitor  large, 
not  flattened,  almost  cajisule-sliaped. 

Spurs  of  the  tnlJdIe  tibiw  only  bristle  like ;  very  weak  in  the  species 
with  less  coarse  hairs. 

Wijiys  large;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  acnte ;  small  erossveiu 
beyond  tlie  middle  of  the  long  discal  cell;  thinl  longitudinal  vein 
curved  backwards  towards  its  end  ;  the  last  sectioTi  of  the  fourtli 
longitudinal  vein  arcuated,  but  Utile  diverging  from  the  third. 

M&i'(iiiart's  genus  Oxycephala  is  identical  witli  Pyrcjota. 
Harris,  in  his  Catalogue  of  tUo  Insects  of  Massachusetts,  calls 
this  genus  Sphecomyia. 

Real  Pyryuiae  are  known  to  occur  with  certainty  in  North 
America  only.  As  in  Europe  and  Africa  genera  occur,  ■which 
are  closely  allied  to  Pyryota,  it  is  not  impossible  that  Walker's 
P.  latijicnnis  (List  of  Dipt.  p.  lOST)  from  Sierra  Leone  is  a  real 
Pyrgota;  however,  his  description  is  altogether  silent  concerning 
those  characters  which  are  indispensable  for  the  recognition  of 
the  genus.  AA'hether  P.  piclipennis  "Walker  (List,  etc.  1102) 
belongs  to  this  genus  is  very  doubtful;  the  author  himself 
introduces  it  Avith  a  doubt,  l)ut  remains  silent  as  to  the  motives 
of  this  location  as  well  as  the  cause  of  the  doubt. 

The  North  American  Pyrgotae  at  present  known  may  be 
divided  in  two  groups:  in  the  first,  the  arista  is  only  two  jointed, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  the  usual  bristles  on  the  vertex,  as  well 
as  those  bristles  which  in  other  genera  protect  the  ocelli,  are 
present;  in  the  other  group,  the  arista  is  distinctly  three-jointed, 
and  there  are  no  conspicuous  bristles  either  on  the  vertex,  or 
round  the  spot  where,  in  other  genera,  the  ocelli  are  i)laced. 
Pyrguta,  millvpunclata  belongs  to  the  first,  all  the  other  species 
to  the  last  grnup.  Were  the  numlicr  of  the  species  larger,  these 
characters  wo'ild  justify  a  suljdivision  in  two  genera;  at  present, 
with  the  small  niir<il)er  of  species,  all  easy  to  identify,  this  sub- 
division would  be  useUss. 


-^mn 

1 

..  ^v  ■i;^ 

1 

V^    ''■ATM 

■  "■■■.'^.  ■','&ii 

■  ^-.li'' 

..        ,        iy     ■; 

.   ■''*V*-| 

■    1  » •  -■■•;'u'F 

■    'i'',^f^ 

■'^i> 

■  ■-••  '■•';'.>] 

'  !  »  i'     ^ 

••>: 

*  y 


U-- 


.'.»',. ,/ 


■    •     '4    r 


.V.'  /  ' 


•■r  ^J\ 


;  'X'-'  ■  ■  ' 

-\l^'y  V 

:'    '      "'■•■.''•. 

■'.r.>.  ;', 


1.  p.  niillepunrtata  T,w      9. — Fusco  picea,  seta  anfcnnali  l)iartl- 
cHilatfl,;  nlffi  infnsiatsp,  Liittulis  numero^is  subpellucidis  aspersse. 

Piti  li-lirown  ;  arista  two-jointed;  wings  infusoated,  dotted  with  nnnierons      . 
pHilnrid  «piii».     Long,  corp,  fl.38— 0.43^  cum  tcretira  0.51— U. ;");■},  long, 
al,  0.49—0.55. 


■''■        l' 

'\  -IP 

•*'  -iM 

V.    . 


I    if"-, 


k'.-V': 


I  ■  .  t ;. 


U 


DirXERA    OF    NORTH    AMEIUCA. 


[part  III. 


Syn.  Pyryota  millepunctata  Loew,  Neue  Beitr.  II,  22,  50. 

'/Osyrijihala   wacu//>t««is  Macq.   Dipt.  Exot.   Suppl.  I,  p.  210.      Tab. 

xxviii,  f.  2. 
Sj>l(tco7iti/ia  lalida  Harkis,  Catal.  lus.  Mass. 

I'l'c'vailing  color  of  tbo  body  pitch-brown,  reUdi,<h-bro\vn  or 
even  brownisih-red   in  Ice-  intensely  colored   specimens,  with  a 
black  pubescence,  which  is  perceptibly  coarser  tlian  in  the  fuUow- 
ing  species.     The  occiput  has,  behind  the  vertex,  a  distinct  black 
triangle,  with  its  point  directed  downwards,  which  is  connected 
with  a  black  spot  on  the  place  where  the  ocelli  should  be;  at 
some  distance  from  this  triangle  there  is,  on  each  side,  a  largo 
black  spot,  reaching  from  the  ))oslerior  orbit  of  the  eye  almost  to 
the  point  of  attachment  of  the  head;  between  these  spots  and 
the  triangle   the  color  is  day-yellow,  almost  wa.\-yellow ;    the 
sides  of  the  occiput  are  generally  of  a  similar  yellow  color,  but 
become  more  infuscated  towards  the  orbits  and  the  cheeks,  or  are 
tinged  with  brownish  as  far  as  the  black  spots  above.     The  front 
has. a  broad  black  stripe,  which  is  divided  longitudinally  in  two 
by  a  more  or  less  complete  and  more  or  less  narrow,  sometimes 
more  yellow,  sometimes  brownish,  line  ;  on  both  sides,  near  the 
orbits,  the  stripe  is  margined  with  yellow.     The  ordinary  strong 
bristles  'D   Uie  vertex,  the  bristle  placed  in  front  of  these,   on 
each  side,  .lear  the  orbit,  and  those  bristles  which  arc  inserted  in 
the  region  of  the  ocelli  (which  here  are  wanting),  are  all  pre>ent. 
The  first  antennal  joint  is  generally  rather  dark-brown,  except  at 
the  basis;  the  second  is  usually  of  a  dirty  brownish-ycllow;  the 
third  agrees  in  its  coloring  sometimes  with  the- first,  sometimes 
more  with  the  second  joint;  in  some  specimens,  it  is  altogether 
ochre-yellow;  the  arista  is  distinctly  two-jointed,  the  first  joint 
short.     The  face  is  usually  of  a  dark  ferruginous-brownish  color- 
ing, often  verging  on  ochre-yellow  on  the  sides.     The  antennal 
fovea?  are  somewhat  less  deep  than  in  P.  idulata,  but  perceptil)ly 
longer  and  separated  by  a  higher  ridge.     The  sides  of  the  face 
are  n]ipro.\imated  on  the  lower  half,  but  not  so  much  by  far  as  in 
P.  inidoto.  so  that  the  middle  part  of  the  face  has  al)out  double 
the   breadth  of  (he   other  species.      The  oral  opening  is  more 
horizontal  than  in  P.  luidntn.     The  but  littlt>  developed  clypciis 
is  blaek,  the  palpi  generally  yellow ;  their  shape  is  almost  the 
same  as  in  P.  iindata.     The  ground  color  of  tin;  thorax  is  cliiy- 
yellow  ur  wax-yellow,  but  with  very  broad  pitch-brown  stripes, 


>^.l|,li 


■  ■     'Mi' 


ORTALID.E — PYliaOTA. 


15 


which  occupy  everything  but  the  humeri  aud  the  narrow  intervals 
Iji'twtLii  the  stripes,  so  tliat  the  prevailing  color  is  the  browu 
one;  the  niidtlle  stripe,  which  is  of  equal  breadth,  is  longitudi- 
nully  divided  in  two  by  a  lighter  longitudinal  line  ;  the  stripe 
slops  at  the  last  quarter  of  the  thorax,  however,  beyond  it,  at 
thi'  posterior  margin  of  the  thorax,  there  is  a  brown  spot ;  the 
very  l)road  lateral   stripes  are  strongly  abbreviated  anteriorly, 
atlLiiuuted  and  interrupted  at  the  transverse  suture  ;  nioreover, 
the    lateral    margin    has    a   hnnul   brown    border.       Sciitellura 
bliiL-kish-brown,  paler  on  tlie  sides ;   the  numerous  bristles  are 
more  conspicuous  in  this  species  on  account  of  their  stoutness 
ami  their  black  coloring.      IMeuraj  pitch-brown,  chiy-yellowish 
on  the  sutures.     Abdomen  usually  blackish-brown  or  dark  pitch- 
brown,   sometimes   ferruginous-brown   or  yellowish-brown ;    the 
first  segment  is.  about  once  and  a  'ulf  the  length  of  the  four  fol- 
lowing segments  taken  together.      The  capsule-shaped  ovipositor 
is  of  the  same  color  as  the  abdomen,  or  somewhat  paler;  its 
shape  is  nearly  the  same  as  in  /*.  undala,  but  it  is  a  little  less 
pointed ;  on  each  side,  not  far  from  the  basis,  it  has  a  largo,  im- 
pressed spot.     The  color  of  the  feet  is  as  variable  as  that  of  the 
remainder  of  the  bodv' ;  blackish-brown  in  more  intensely  colored 
specimens,  otherwise  ferrugiiious-l)rownish  ;  the  knees  are  always 
cliiy-yellow ;    paler  colored  S[)ecimens  have  the  extreme  tip  of 
the  libiie  and  the  tarsi  of  a  dirty^  ferruginous-jellow  or  ochrc- 
ycllow  color.     The  shape  of  the  wings  is  not  unlike  '•  at  in  P. 
undala,  but  towards  the  apex  they  are  broader.     The  chief  dif- 
foreiiees  in  the  venation  are  the  following  :  the  little  stump  of  a 
vein  on  the  second  longitudinal  vein  existing  in  7*.  undala,  is 
wanting  here;  the  discal  cell  is  nineh  liroader,  especially  towards 
its  ti]);  the  posterior  transverse  vein  is  nearer  the  margin  of  the 
wing,  much  longer  and  more  straight;    the  last  section  of  the 
fourtli  longitudinal  vein  is  less  strongly  arcuated  and  the  second 
posterior  cell  much  smaller;  the  ])osterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell 
is  more  drawn  out  in  a  point.     'J'he  whole  surface  of  ti.j  wings 
has  a  rather  uniform  dark-brownish  coloring;  this  color  is  varie- 
gated by  numerous  transparent  dots  of  a  gray-yei'',wish  tinge; 
the  shape  of  these  dots  is  rather  irregular;  they  are  often  con- 
fluent, as  often  distinctly  separated  ;   round  the  root  of  the  second 
longitudinal  vein  and  round  the  small  crossvein,  the  dark  color- 
ing is  more  continuous  and  less  interrupted  by  dots;  the  browu 


♦  i 


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.:■.■•■•'.•;:< 


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i  la    'I    .  ■*  •-•■ 


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It     : 


1   ■  '.,    W'f  hp 


1111 


li 


76 


DII'TERA    OF    NOHTU   AMEUICA. 


[part  III. 


is  also  more  intense  along  the  costal  margin,  than  upon  the  re- 
maining surface. 

Ilab.  Carolina  (Zimmerman);  Washington,  D.  C,  New  York, 
Illinois  (Osteu-Sacken)  ;  Massachusetts  (Harris). 

Observation  1. — Mr.  Macquart  (Dipt.  E.\ot.  Suppl.  I,  p.  210)  de- 
scriljes  as  Oxycephala  macidipennis  from  Texas  (figured  on  Tab. 
XIX,  f.  12),  a  species  which  either  is  a  I'l/rrjota  or  is  closely  allied 
to  this  genus.  In  several  respects  this  species  shows  a  decided  re- 
semblance to  P.  millepunclala,  and  the  question  as  to  their  diver- 
sity is  a  very  doubtful  one.  The  coufurniity  is  especially  ap})areut 
in  the  picture  of  the  wings  and  the  venation,  also  in  the  coloring 
of  the  front  and  even  in  that  of  the  thorax.  But  Macquart  says 
that  the  thoracic  stripes  are  interrujjted  near  the  suture  (which 
is  also  rendered  in  his  figure) ;  moreover,  according  to  the  figure, 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  a  much  longer 
point  than  is  the  case  in  P.  mtllepunctata.  These  discrepancies 
alone,  however,  with  Macquart's  well-known  inaccuracy  in  de- 
scription and  figure,  would  not  be  sufficient  to  neutralize  the 
evident  analogies.  A  more  weighty  ground  for  doubt  is  to  be 
found  in  the  representation  of  the  abdomen ;  nothing  like  its 
remarkable  breadth  has  been  observed  in  any  known  Pyrgota; 
moreover,  it  shows,  instead  of  five  segments,  only  four,  the  first 
of  which  is  abbreviated,  and  the  second  the  longest;  the  ovi- 
positor hardly  exceeds  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  abdomen, 
while  in  the  other  Pyrgotse  it  eqiuils  the  abdomen  in  length.  If 
these  statements  were  based  on  Mac(iuart's  figure  alorje,  I  would 
have  been  inclined  to  think  that  the  abdomen,  wanting  in  the 
specimen,  had  been  supplied  by  the  imagination  of  the  draughts- 
man; but  this  supposition  does  not  hold  good  in  presence  of  the 
fact,  that  Macquart  mentions  expressly,  that  he  had  a  female 
before  him;  and  we  know  that  the  sex  of  a  Pyrgo'M  can  only  he 
recognized  by  the  structure  of  the  abdomen.  Macquart  also  .<!iys 
that  the  ovipositor  is  flattened,  which  is  not  in  the  least  the  case 
with  P.  millepunctata.  These  grounds  seem  sufficient  to  justify 
the  belief  that  Macquart's  Oxycephala  mnrvlipcnnis  is  adifl'eivnt 
species  from  P.  millepunctata,  unless  we  assume  that  Macfiuart's 
specimen  had  the  abdomen  of  a  dilTerent  species  fastened  to 
it.  Should  this  not  be  the  case,  there  is  every  reason  to  doubt 
whether  tlie  species  is  ii  j^^yrijo'r-  at  all.  It  is  rather  strange 
that  in  the  list  of  the  jsotic  spc-cit::'  described  in  Mac(iuart's( 


ORTALlDiE — PYHOOTA. 


77 


work,  which  is  nnpcnUed  to  his  fourtli  supploniont,  0.  mocvU- 
pennis  is  omitted.  'I'lio  cause  (jf  tliis  omission  is  not  apparent. 
Should  Macquan  have  discovered  that  it  behjnged  to  a  diUerent 
geuus,  he  would  have  transferred  it  to  that  genus;  but  the  species 
is  altogetiier  omitted  in  tlie  list. 

Ohwrvntion  2. — Hpheromyia  valida  of  Harris's  Catalogue  of 
the  Insects  of  Massachusetts,  is,  according  to  a  conuiiunication 
from  Uaron  Osten-Sacken,  nothing  else  but  Pyryola  millcjiunc- 
lata.  As  a  matter  of  course,  Harris's  name,  being  merely  a 
catalogue  name,  has  no  claim  of  priority. 

2.  P.  Iindata  Wied.  %  9  • — Ex  ochmceo  ferrncinea  ;  anteiinarum 
articulus  tertius  sneuncio  aequalis  ;  tsela  anteiiiialis  tiiaitiuulala,  articulis 
priuiis  duobud  subu^quulibud ;  alarum  veuu  luugiludiualid  »euuiula 
appeiidiculata. 

Yellowish-ferruginous;  the  third  antennal  joint  equal  to  the  second  in 
length;  arista  three-jointed  ;  its  lirst  two  joints  of  nearly  equal  length  ; 
the  second  longitudinal  vein  with  a  .stump  of  a  vein  upon  it.  Long, 
corp.  %  0.4—0.43;    9  cum  terebra  0.5— 0.53 ;  long.  al.  0.5— 0.58. 

Syn.  Pyrgnta  undatn  Wied.  Auss.  Zweill.  II,  p.  .')81.     Tab.  X.  6. 

PtjTijiiia  uniiala  Mahj,  Suites,  etc.,  II,  p.  423.     Tab.  XVIIl,  f.  23  (were 

mentioned  after  Wiedemann). 
Myopa  nigripennis,  Gray,  Anim.  Kingd.     Tab.  125,  f.  5. 
OTtirephnlafifiripennis  Macq.  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  p.  198.     Tab.  XXVI,  6. 
Sphfcomi/ia  undata  IIakkis,  Cat.  Ins.  Mass. 
Pyrgota  undata  Gebst.  Stett.  Eut.  Zeit.  xxi,  p.  188. 

Yellowish-ferruginous  or  more  ochre-brownish.  Front  rather 
broad,  projecting  almost  in  the  shape  of  a  tower,  and  with  a  short, 
rather  inconspicuous  pubescence;  without  stronger  bristles  in 
the  region  of  the  vertex  or  round  the  place  whore  the  ocelli 
usually  are.  Antennne  j'ollow;  the  first  two  joints  with  a  yel- 
lowish pubescence;  the  third  sometimes  ociire-brown,  of  the  same 
length  as  the  second.  Arista  distinctly  three-jointed  ;  the  first 
two  joints  almost  of  equr  1  length.  The  face  very  much  retreat- 
ing when  seen  in  profile;  the  very  drop  antennal  fovete  reach 
only  to  its  middle  and  are  separated  by  a  very  low  ridge,  which 
is  usually  tinged  with  brown  ;  below  them,  the  middle  portion 
of  the  face  is  remarkably  narrow,  groove-like  and  bordered  on 
each  side  by  a  brownish-bla'-k  ridge.  A  brown  or  brownish- 
black,  somewhat  curved  stripe  generally  extends  from  the  middle 
of  the  inner  orbit  of  the  eyes  towards  the  region  of  the  antennae. 


.rO- 


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-*<'. 


78 


DIi  ^ERA   OF   NOUTII    AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


The  oral  opening  is  cut  ol)liqiu'Iy  upwards;  the  but  little 
developed  clypeus  is  tinged  with  bliiikish;  tlie  rather  broad  palpi 
are  usually  tinged  with  yellowish-red  towards  the  tip,  sometimes 
they  are  altogether  ferruginou.s.  The  thoraeic  dorsum  )ias  an 
extended  ferruginous-brown  spot  upon  it,  formed  l)y  the  almost 
complete  coalescence  of  a  broad  intermediate  stripe  with  two 
broad  lateral  stripes,  which  are  abbreviated  in  front.  Tin;  nuta- 
thora.v  and  the  greater  part  of  the  pleura)  are  often  tinged  with 
dark  pitch-brown.  The  coloring  of  the  abdomen  on  the  lirst  two 
segments,  and  also  at  the  basis  and  along  the  middle  of  the  fol- 
lowing ones,  often  becomes  pitch-brown  or  brownish-black,  this 
is  especially  often  the  case  in  male  specimens.  The  first 
abdominal  segment  is  very  much  elongated  in  both  sexes;  in  the 
male  it  is  not  quite  as  long  as  the  three  remaining  segments 
taken  together;  in  the  fe.  lale,  the  last  four  segments  are  so 
much  shortened,  that,  taken  together,  they  are  much  shorter  than 
the  first  joint.  The  capsule-shaped  ovipositor  is  conical,  beut 
downward  towards  its  end.  The  feet  are  ochre-yeilowish,  but 
the  femora  brown  up  to  the  tip;  the  tibiae  likewise  are  more  or 
less  infuscated,  except  the  basis  and  the  extreme  tip.  Wings 
large,  the  greater  portion  of  them  is  uniformly  tinged  with 
brown,  which  color  covers  the  costal,  marginal,  submarginal,  the 
first  posterior  and  the  discal  cells,  also  the  basal  cells,  with  the 
exception  of  a  pale  stripe  in  the  anal  cell,  moreover,  this  color 
forms  a  broad  border  along  the  inner  portion  of  the  second  pnsto- 
rior  cell,  and  a  narrower  one  along  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
third  posterior  cell;  within  this  brown  coloring  some  specimens 
do  not  show  any  paler  spots,  the  majority,  however,  show,  in  the 
submarginal  cell,  a  little  beyond  the  small  crossvein,  a  rounded 
or  oval,  almost  hyaline  spot,  which  attains  sometimes  a  consider- 
able  size ;  moreover,  a  great  many  specimens  show  some  scattered, 
small,  hyaline  dots,  not  far  from  the  end  of  the  same  cell,  of  the 
first  posterior  and  of  the  discal  cells ;  the  posterior  limit  of  the 
brown  coloring  has  a  whitish-hyaline  border,  which,  following  the 
course  of  that  limit,  forms  a  steep  curve  in  the  second  posterior 
cell ;  in  the  third  posterior  eel!  it  takes  the  shape  of  a  gently 
arched  longitudir  il  stripe ;  within  this  border,  the  surface  of  the 
wing  has  a  uniform  brownish  coloring,  which  is  perceptildy  more 
intense  only  in  the  region  of  the  axillary  incision;  in  some  cases, 
near  the  posterior  side  of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein,  a  little 


1 


^4 


ORTALID.E — PYROOTA.  tl> 

beyond  tlie  end  of  the  anal  cell,  there  is  a  small,  almost  hyaline 
spot ;  the  alula  is  almost  hyaline,  or  infiiscated  towards  the 
posterior  margin  only.  The  second  longitudinal  vein,  (tpposite 
the  j)osterior  crossvein,  shows  a  small  fold,  the  tip  of  wliieh, 
directed  backwards,  emits  a  short  stump  of  a  vein  ;  the  last 
section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  very  strongly  curved  ; 
the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  forms  a  sharp,  but  not  very 
acute  angle. 

JIab.  United  States;  Carolina  (Zimmerman),  Massachusetts 
(Harris),  etc. 

Ohservatioit. — 1  am  not  able  to  compare  the  figure  of  Mijnpa 
nirjripennis  Gray,  but  I  do  not  hesitate,  on  Gerstaseker's  authority, 
to  place  this  name  among  the  synonyms  of  P.  undala.  The 
synonymy  of  SiilicconD/ia  undala  Harris  is  based  upon  a  state- 
ment of  Mr.  Walker,  who  seems  to  have  received  specimens  from 
the  author. 

3.  P.  vespertilio  Oerst.  %. — Antennarum  articulo  teicio  pr.-ece- 
dentrt  plus  dimidio  breviore,  rotuiulato  ovato,  fusco,  aristsD  articulo piimo 
brevissinio,  secundo  eloiigato  :  fronte  oculis  duplo  latiore,  palpi.i  filifor- 
mibus:  alls  vena  longitudinali  secHiidi'i  nee  fracta,  iiec  appendiculatA, 
alula  strigisqne  duabus  niarginis  posteriorLs  liyalinis. 

Third  antennal  joint  not  half  so  long  as  the  seeond,  rounded  oval,  brown ; 
the  first  joint  of  the  arista  very  short,  the  second  elongated;  front 
double  the  breadth  of  the  eyes  ;  palpi  linear;  second  longitudinal  vein 
of  the  wings  without  fold  or  stump  of  a  vein ,  the  alula  and  two  stripes 
near  the  posterior  margin  hyaline.     Long.  corp.  0.64;  long.  al.  0..'JG. 

Syn.  Pyryota  cespertilio  Gekst.  Stett.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  xxi,  p.  lt^9,  Tab.  II, 
f.  8. 

Head  comparatively  stouter  than  in  the  preceding  species ; 
front,  when  viewed  from  above,  and  taken  as  far  as  ihe  anterior 
border  of  the  eyes,  at  least  by  one-half  broader  than  long ;  the 
gil)bosity  projecting  over  the  eyes  is  not  of  equal  breadth,  as  in 
P.  nndata,  but  conically  attenuated  anteriorly;  its  tip  is  as 
broadly  truncated  as  in  the  other  species;  viewed  in  profile,  this 
projection  is  as  high  as  in  P.  inulata ;  its  anterior  side,  however, 
does  not  ascend  in  a  straight  line,  but  shows  a  strong  convexity, 
so  that  the  tip  itself  is  retreating.  The  cheeks  are  consider- 
ably broader  and  more  sunken.  The  eyes  are  comparatively 
smaller,  the  excavated  upper  part  of  the  face  perceptibly  shorter. 
The  coloring  on  the  front,  especially  on  the  inside  of  the  eyes  and 


■    .•.■i'':;| 


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1 

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1 ' '         ' 

^!m 


80 


LII'TEUA    OF    NdllTII    AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  III. 


II  T: 


-#'"^iy:: 


.:''i 


upon  the  gibbosity,  is  darker,  more  lirowii ;  upon  the  checks,  with 
tliu  exception  of  the  ferruginous-yeUow  Ixjnler  of  tlie  eyes, 
chocolate-brown  ;  the  two  bhick  ridges,  bordcfring  tlie  luiddU;  of 
the  face,  are  present,  as  in  1'.  undala,  but  even  more  distincUy 
nitirked  and  descending  lower.  The  first  two  joints  of  the 
antenna)  are  pale  ferruginous-yellow;  the  third  joint  dark-brown; 
the  arista  fcrruginons-yeliow  at  the  ba.sis,  whitish  towards  ihe 
tip;  the  second  antennal  joint  is  not  (piite  as  long  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species,  chiefly  becaii.se  it  in  but  very  little  less  drawn 
out  forwards  above  than  below;  the  last  joint  is  at  least  by  one 
half  shorter  than  the  second,  rounded  oval,  ending  in  a  blunt 
point;  the  arista  's  inserted  on  the  middle  of  its  length,  on  the 
outside,  near  the  upper  margin  ;  of  its  two  basal  joi.'its  the  second 
has  four  tiniea  the  length  of  the  very  short  first  joint.  The  palpi 
are  slender,  flliforni,  tinged  with  brown,  like  the  prol>oscis.  The 
thoracic  dorsum  shows  three  deep  black  stripes,  the  middle  one 
is  very  broad,  begins  at  the  anterior  margin  and  ends  some 
distance  before  the  scutellum  ;  the  lateral  stripes  are  abbreviated 
anteriorly  and  pcsteriorly ;  the  ])orticn  of  them  behind  the  suture 
is  larger  than  that  in  front  of  it.  The  greater  part  of  the  plennx), 
a  spot  on  each  side  at  the  posterior  margin  of  the  scutellum, 
as  well  as  the  metathorax,  dark-brown,  On  the  abdomen,  the 
anterior  part  and  the  middle  line  of  the  first  scLrnient  are  pitch- 
black  and  somewhat  shining;  on  each  of  ihe  following  three  seg- 
ments is  a  triangular  spot,  of  the  same  coloring,  the  basis  of  which 
is  directed  anteriorly,  and  which  occui)ies  the  whole  breadth  of 
the  segment.  The  upper  part  of  the  abdomen  has  delicate 
transverse  grooves,  the  under  side  on  the  contrary  is  strongly 
grooved  in  a  longitudinal  direction,  opaque  velvet-black,  with  a 
narrow,  ochre-yellow  middle  line ;  the  projecting  male  organ  of 
copulation  is  of  a  shining  reddish-brown.  The  feet  are  light 
ferruginous,  with  yellow  hairs ;  the  femora,  to  the  exclusion  of 
the  tip  and  tibia),  with  the  exception  of  the  basis  and  of  the  ex- 
treme tip,  arc  chestnut-brown.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  of 
the  wings  is  hardly  perceptibly  broken  and  without  any  vestige 
of  a  stump;  the  wings  in  general  are  comparatively  shorter  than 
in  P.  undala,  darker  and  more  evenly  earth-brown  ;  a  very 
delicate  streak  near  the  posterior  border  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein,  not  far  from  th(f  origin  of  the  second  vein,  the  whole  alula 
and  two  streaks  near  the  posterior  margin,  the  position  of  which 


^m 


OllTALlDa; — i'VUtiuTA. 


81 


corresponds  to  the  entirely  discolored  spots  in  P.  vndatn,  are 
liyuiiiK'.  These  two  streaks  have  a  very  deliiiite  outline,  and  the 
space  beyond  them  is  as  dark-brown  as  the  remainder  of  the 
wiiii,';  the  lonj,'er  one  is  almost  straij^ht,  tiie  shorter  one  sickle- 
shaped.     The  halteres  are  pale  ferruginous-yellow. 

Hah.  Car(jlina  (Zininiernmn). 

Observation. — The  al)ove  description  is  the  reproduction  of 
tliat  i)n'i)ared  ))y  Dr.  Gi'rsticcker,  I.  c,  from  a  sinfrle  specimen 
in  the  Jierlin  Museum.  1  have  had  a  passing  view  of  the  speci- 
men;  it  is  very  like  P.  iindata.  The  dilVerences  in  cidoring, 
noticed  by  this  author,  arc  in  my  opinion  of  but  little  importance, 
as  most  of  them  occur  among  the  vari(!ties  of  the  very  varial)le 
/'.  undatn.  Afore  important  arc  tin;  plastic  differences,  mentioned 
hy  Dr.  (ierstfeeker.  Although  the  shape  of  the  head  in  differe?it 
specimens  of  P.  iindala  is  varial)le  (evidently,  however,  in  con- 
se(|uence  of  difTerent  degrees  of  shriiikag*!  in  drying),  although 
tlie  size  of  the  lliinl  anteiifud  joint  is  subject  to  slight  Viiriations, 
and  although  the  relative  length  of  the  first  two  joints  of  the  arista 
is  not  altogether  ct)nstant,  it  is  hardly  ere(iil)le  that  ail  these  dis- 
crepancies should  reach  the  degree  which  Dr.  Gersta;cker  noticed 
in  his  P.  vetipeftilio. 

4.  P.  pteropliorina  riEHPT.  9  • — Antonnamm  artionlo  tertio  prne- 
cedente  paulo  longiore,  obloiiyo  ovato,  arifitii  brevissiiua,  frafisil :  froute 
oculis  latiore,  fortiter  proloiigatil,  palpis  (.'oclilcaribus  ;  alis  latis,  veiiA 
loiigitudiiiali  secundS,  geniculate,  nee  appendiiiilatA,  tuscis;  alulft, 
mat'ulis  duabus,  posticis  nrngnia,  semilunaribus,  gultisijue  duabus 
hyaliuis. 

The  tliird  antennal  joint  is  somewhat  longor  than  tlio  preceding  one, 
elongated-oval,  with  a  very  shoit,  stout  arista;  iVont  tjroader  than  the 
eyes,  very  much  prolonged ;  palpi  siiooii-shaped  ;  wings  broad,  with  a, 
second  longitudinal  vein  which  is  ".'eniculate,  but  has  no  stump  of  a  vein 
upon  it ;  coloring  on  the  wings  brown  ;  alula,  two  large  crescent  shajjfd 
spaces  on  the  posterior  margin  and  two  dots  hyaline.  Long,  oorji,  0.4) 
long.  al.  0.44. 

Syx.  Pi/rgota  pteropliorina  Gerst.,  Stett.  Entora.  Zeit.  xxi,  p.  lOO,  Tab.  II, 
f.  (J. 

Body  small,  slender,  pale-ferruginous,  shining.  Head,  viewed 
from  above,  by  one-third  longer  than  broad;  front  broader  than 
the  eyes,  but,  taken  as  far  as  the  anterior  margin  of  the  eyes, 
nevertheless  longer  than  broad;  the  gibbosity  only  a  little  shorter 


131 

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82 


nriEllA   OF   NORTH   AMEnrCA. 


[I'AUT   III. 


and  very  little  attt'iiuated  uiituriurly  ;   viuwud  in  profik-,  this;  ^Wy 
bosity  is  less  elcvateii  timn  in  lliu  two  procuding  spocii'S ;  on  \\n; 
contmry,  it  is,  to  ild  very  niiicli  pruiriidiiig  tip,  uhno.si  on  the 
same  li-vol  witii  tiio  ri'niaining  portion  y^i'i  tliu  front;  this  caii-cs 
tlio  an((;rior  niai- in,  which,  with  u  slight  convoxily,  is  stroiigly 
retreating,  to  lie  almost  entirely  on  the  under  side;  cheeks  like- 
wise I)roader  and  descending  lower  than   in  V.    loidaUi.      The 
coloring  of  the  head  is  altogether  pale-ferruginons,  even  the  black 
linos,   bordering  the  middle  portion  of  the  face,   are   wantintr. 
The  anteiniiu  likewise  arc  altogether  ferruginous-yellow;  the  two 
apical  joints  are  almost  of  c(pial  length;  the  third  appears  a  little 
longer,   only  when  viewed  from  the   outside,  along  the   lower 
margin,  because,  at  this  point,  this  joint  is  less  covered  by  tin 
second  than  al)ovo  and  on  the  inside ;  the  first  two  joints  arc 
beset  with  blackish  l)ristles,  as  in  the  two  preceding  species;  the 
third  joint  is  elongated-oval ;  the  arista  Is  inserted  in  the  middle 
of  its  length,  near  the  upper  margin  ;   it  is  stout  and  very  short, 
shorter  than  the  third  antennal  joint;    the  second  joint  of  the 
arista  is  one-half  longer  than  the  first;  the  styliform  third  joint 
is   but  little  longer  than  the  first  two  taken  together.      Taipi 
elongated,  slightly  curved,  somewhat  spoon-shajjed  at  the  tip, 
pale  ferruginous-yellow,  with  black  bristles;  the  proboscis  brown. 
Thorax  uniformly  ferruginous-yellow;  clothed,  us  the  heatl,  with 
delicato  black  bristles.     Abdomen  of  a  similar  color,  but  more 
shining,  beset  with  long  black  bristles,  forming  bunches,  especi- 
ally on  the  sides  ;  the  upper  side  of  the  first  abdominal  segment 
is   infuscated  beyond  the  middle.      The  horny  capsule,  which 
forms  the  end  of  the  fifth  segment  of  the  abdomen  of  the  female, 
has,  in  profile,  the  appearance  of  a  sparrow's  bill ;  it  is  convf  x 
above,  concave  below,  obtuse  at  the  tip  and  somewhat  shorter 
than  the  last  three  abdominal  eegmcnts  taken  together.     Feet 
l)erceptibly  longer  and  more  slender  than  in  the  two  preceding 
species,  with  dense  and  rather  long  hairs,  light  brow^n ;  the  ba>iil 
third  of  the  tibiaj  and  the  tarsi  pale  3'ellowish  ;  the  hind  liliiie 
are  much  more  incrassatcd  toward  the  tij)  than  the  middle  ones. 
Wings  remarkably  broad,  obtusely  rounded  at  the  apex;    the 
second  longitudinal  vein  strongly  bent  and  thou  broken  in  the 
shape  of  an  angle,  but  without  stump  of  a  vein;  ground  color  uf 
a  saturate  earth-brown;  a  trapezoidal  spot,  extending  from  tlie 


ORTALIIi.K — AMPIIICNKPI1E6, 


811 


cosfa  to  the  tliird  lontritudi'Mil  vein  ninl  situated  before  tho  break 
iu  the  second  vein,  a  round  spot  between  l»olii  erossveiris,  tho 
alula  and  two  larL'^e  ereseents  on  the  jjosteriur  inarjrin  hyaline ; 
tiio  crescents  show  a  pale  shade  of  brownish  towards  the  i)o.->t(  rior 
nwrgin.     llalteres  alluj^cilier  i)ale  yellow, 

Ikih.  Carolina  (Zin.ni(rinan). 

Ohscrvation  1. — The  above  is  a  trniisjation  of  Gorstncckcr's 
description  of  the  specimens  ia  the  Jleiiiu  Museum.  Tlie  species 
is  distinpuished  enontrh  >  render  the  di.scns.sioii  of  its  specilie 
rights  useless.  I  will  only  n<«lici'  here,  tiiat  wlicn  the  antlior 
says  that  the  fiftli  aluioininal  segment  in  the  female  gradiuuly 
passes  into  tho  capsule-shaped  ovipositor,  this  expression  is  not 
to  he  understood  literally ;  in  the  two  species  which  I  have  seen, 
such  a  transition  is  not  visible.  When  tiie  autliDr  calls  tiie  first 
two  antennal  joints  of  /'.  ph-rophonna  "  Ijeset  with  blackish 
bristles,  as  in  the  prccedinj^  spc^cies  {P.  uuilala  and  cespcrtilio),^* 
I  would  observe  that  in  I\  undata  this  pubescence  is  in  reality 
yellow,  and  assumes  a  ferruginous  or  even  blackish  tinge  only 
when  seen  against  ilic  light. 

Obifcrration  2. — A  fifth  American  .species  is  descriJied  by 
Mnccpiart  (Dipt.  Y.\u'  Suppl.  IV,  p.  2Sl,  Tab.  XXVI,  f.  1)  as 
Oxycephala  feneslrata,  Ilis  data  are  not  even  suilicient  to 
ascertain  whether  the  fii)ecies  really  is  a  Pynjola.  Moreover  it 
is  not  distinctly  stated  whether  this  specie-  belongs  to  North 
America. 


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Second  Section:  Platystomina. 

Gen.  I.  AMPHIC!VEPIIES  nov.  gen. 

Charact. — Front  of  medium  breadth,  not  narrower  anteriorly. 
AnIenncB  reaching  down  to  the  edge  of  the  inoutli. 
Face  excavated,  without  distinct  antennal  foveoe ;  occiput  but  little 

turgid  ;  eyes  liigh ;  cheeks  narrow. 
Scutellum  large,  flat,  with  four  bristles. 
Winfj.i  very  broad  ;  the  longitudinal  veins  straight  and  conspicuonsly 

diverging ;    anal  cell  shorter  than  the  preceding  basal  cell ;    its 

posterior  angle  rounded. 

Small,  metallic-colored  species,  the  wings  of  which  show  a 
picture  not  unlike  that  of  tho  species  of  riodjstoma,  and  the 
general  habitus  of  which  is  less  like  the  species  of  RivelUa  than 


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DIPT£RA   OF    NORTH   AMEUICA. 


[PAET  111. 


those  of  Plahjsloma.  Tliey  are,  however,  easily  disiiuguislittl 
from  the  latter  by  the  narrower  front,  the  much  Ifss  turgid 
occiput,  the  larger  and  flatter  scutellum  and  the  much  bruadtr 
wings,  with  straight,  very  much  diverging  longitudinal  veins. 

1.  A.  pcrtUHUS  n.  sp.     %   and   9  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  1)  Viridis,  uitidus 
aUe  iiigrai,  (juttis  et  fascia  subapiuali  Lyaliuig. 

Grei;n,  shining ;  wings  black  with  hyalin«  dots  and  a  hyaline  crossbaud 
boforu  thti  tip.     Lung.  uorp.  0.13—0.14;  long.  al.  0.11 — 0.12. 

Dark  metallic-green,  shining.  Head  black;  the  front  blackish- 
brown,  even,  rather  long,  but  only  of  a  medium  breadth,  not 
narrowed  anteriorly;  the  ocelli  are  closely  approximated  to  eiiili 
other  near  the  edge  of  the  vertex;  the  small  oeellar  triangle  and 
the  little  stripes  running  down  at  the  corners  of  the  vertex  are 
of  a  shining  blacki«h-green.  Lristk.s  of  the  vertex  ratiicr  lonjr, 
directed  backwards;  the  bristle  which  is  in  front  of  them  on  caili 
side  is  short;  the  oeellar  bristles  ore  not  distinct.  Aiitoniiie 
reaching  down  to  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  brownish-yellow;  tlitir 
narrow  third  joint  is  blackish  at  the  tip;  often  the  greater  piirt 
of  its  outer  side  is  brownish.  Face  excavated  ;  its  lateral  porliuiis 
very  narrow;  antennal  foveae  indistinct.  The  shining  bhuk 
clypens  broad.  Palpi  broad,  shining  black,  with  a  paler  border 
on  the  under  side  and  at  the  tij);  proboscis  of  moderate  thick- 
ness; mcntum  but  little  swollen.  Eyes  much  higher  than 
broad;  cheeks  narrow;  occiput  but  little  turgid.  Thorax  very 
delicately  transversely  aciculate.  Scutellum  large,  flat,  weakly 
rugose,  with  four  bristles.  Abdomen  more  distinctly  rugo^^e. 
Ovipositor  black,  considerably  extensile.  Feet  black,  brownish- 
l)lack  in  less  mature  specimens;  the  first  joint  of  the  front  and 
hind  tarsi  and  the  first  three  joints  or  the  middle  tar.si  of  a  dirty 
ochre-yeliow.  Ilalteres  black,  tegula)  but  little  developed.  "Wings 
rather  broad,  black,  more  grayish-black  near  the  hind  margin; 
immediately  before  their  apex  is  a  conspicuous,  arcuated,  hyaline 
crossband  ;  before  this  band  there  is  a  moderate  number  of  hyaline 
dots  of  regular  shape,  which  become  more  sparse  towards  the 
anterior  margin;  five  dots  which  are  nearest  to  the  crosj^band 
♦brm  a  row,  parallel  to  the  latter;  the  blaekish-gray  coloring  near 
the  hind  margin  of  the  wings  has  no  hyaline  spots.  The  veins 
are  much  more  straight  than  in  Plati/stoma  and  very  diverging; 


ORTALID/E — II 1 M  KIU»K8SA. 


85 


the  two  posterior  basal  ct'll.s  aro  raiiicr  striking  for  their  lorge 
size;  however,  the  anal  cell,  which  has  an  obtuse  pudttirior  rjiglc, 
is  shorter  than  the  basal  cell  lying  in  front  of  it ;  the  small  cross- 
veni  is  in  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell;  the  lirst  half  of  this 
cell  is  by  no  meaus  attenuated,  as  is  the  case  iu  the  species  of 
RivclUa. 

llab.  Carolina  (Zimmerman) ;  Washington,  D.  C,  Connecticut 
(Osteu-Sacken). 

Gen.  II.  niMEROESSA  nov.  gen. 

Charact. — Front  oi  equal  breadth,  distinctly  projecting  in  profile. 

AnteniKB  reacliing  almost  to  the  mouth,  arista  bare. 

Face  moderately  excavated,  somewhat  retreating  belovr;  occiput 
moderately  turgid,  eyes  high  ;  cheeks  narrow. 

Srutellum  convex  ;  with  six  bristles. 

Willys:  marginal  and  submarginal  cells  very  narrow;  second  section 
of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  straight;  posterior  croiisvein  pro- 
longed beyond  the  fourth  vein ;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell 
rounded. 

As  I  have  seen  only  a  single  species  of  this  genus,  the  one 
which  is  described  below,  the  definition  of  the  generic  character 
can  naturally  be  only  a  provisional  one.  Should  the  peculiar 
prolongation  of  the  posterior  crossvein,  which  distinguishes  JI. 
pretiij^a,  be  wanting  in  some  allied  species,  it  would  then  be 
necessary  to  omit  this  character  from  the  definition  of  the  genus; 
the  remaiuiiig  characters  are  amply  sufficient  for  the  purpose. 


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1«  Ht  pretiosa  n.  sp.  %  . — (Tab.  VIII,  f.  2.)  Rnfo  testacea,  abdoraine 
violaceo,  pedibns  anticis  totis,  posteriornnique  tibiis  et  tarsis  nii^ris; 
als  hyalinse,  inxquali  costse  limbo  et  fasci4  tenui  subiuterrupta  nigro- 
fascia. 

Yellowish-red,  with  a  violet  abdomen  ;  the  front  feet  altogether,  the  tibia 
and  tarsi  of  the  four  posterior  feet,  black  ;  wings  hyaline  with  an 
irregular  costal  border  and  a  narrow,  somewhat  interrupted  crossbaud, 
blackish-brown.     Long.  corp.  0.38,  long.  al.  0.3. 

Yellowish-red,  shining.  Front  darker,  opaque,  of  equal 
breadth,  with  very  indistinct  traccp.  of  flat  pits  and  a  very  delicate 
border  of  white  pollen  along  the  orbits;  distinctly  projecting  in 
profile;  the  little  stripes,  descending  from  the  vertex  along  the 
sides  of  the  front,  and  the  ocellar  triangle  are  distinct,  and 
somewhat  more  shining;    the  latter  is  somewhat  larger  than 


V'S^r. 


■  ■     if"*.-' 


•>,.rKl 


86 


DIPTEHA    OF   NOIITH    AMERICA. 


[part  in. 


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^'iy'v^r 


usual;  ocelli  very  ueur  the  edge  of  the  vertex,  rather  large,  hut 
little  approximated ;   the  four  bristles  on  the  edge  of  the  vertex 
rather  strong;  the  lateral,  as  well  as  the  ocellar  bristles  replaced 
by  shorter,  bristle-like  hairs.     Antenna.-  of  the  coloring  of  the 
body,  almost  reaching  to  the  anterior  edge  of  tha  oral  opening; 
arista  bare.     Face  but  moderately  concave,  somewhat  retreating 
ou  the  under  side,  pollinose  with  white,  except  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  oral  opening;  in  the  well-marked  foveaj  this  pollen  is  thicker 
and  more  conspicuous;  the  lateral  portions  of  the  face,  bordering 
ou  the  eyes,  are  very  narrow  and  likewise  clothed  with  white 
pollen.    Eyes  much  higher  than  broad;  cheeks  narrow.    Clypcus 
of  a  moderate  breadth,  distinctly  projecting  over  the  edge  of  ilie 
mouth;   palpi  not  very  broad,  almost  ferruginou.s.     Proboscis 
rather  stout;  occiput  moderately  turgid.    The  whole  thora.x  and 
the  convex  scutellum  shining,  with  a  very  faint  trace  of  a  reddish 
metallic  reflection.     Scutellum  with  six  bristles.     Abdomen  of  a 
metallic  reddish-violet  coloring,  which,  in  adilferentlight,  assumes 
upon  the  lirst  three  segments  a  bronze-green  tinge;  this  is  nut 
the  case   with  the    last  segment.      Front  feet  with   the  co.xie 
brownish-black;    on  the  four  posterior  feet  the  tibia)  and  tarsi 
alone  have  this  coloring;  the  coxas  and  femora  have  the  color  of 
the  thorax.     Ilalteres  yellowish-red,  with  an  infuscatcd  knob. 
Wings  hyaline,  with  brown  veins,  which  are  not  in  the  least 
sinuous;  their  anterior  margin  has  a  conspicuous,  but  uncqiiul 
brown  border,  which,  near  the  npex,  extends  as  far  aa  the  fourth 
vein  ;  from  the  root  of  the  wing  to  the  small  crossvein,  which  is 
still  included  in  this  border,  it  becomes  gradually  broader  and 
reaches  here  almost  to  thf»  fifth  longitudinal  vein;  it  contracts 
immediately  beyond  the  small  crossvein,  to  the  second  longitu- 
dinal vein ;   opposite  the  p'ysterior  crossvein  it  expands  again 
towards  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  runs  immediately  behind 
this  vein  as  far  as  the  apex  of  the  wing,  where  it  suddenly  turns 
towards  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  which  forms  the  limit  of  this 
dark  border;  the  very  steep  posterior  crossvein  projects  in  an 
unusual  waj  beyond  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein;  it  is  bordered 
with  brown ;   this  border  forms  a  narrow,  perpendicular  cross- 
band,  which  growing  paler  and  more  indistinct,  extends  to  the 
dark  border  of  the  anterior  margin,  or  quite  near  it;  the  costal 
cell  is  clay-yellow,  except  at  the  basis  and  at  the  tip,  which  are 
more  brownish.     The  marginal  and  submarginal  cells  are  re- 


OKTALID-B — lUVELLIA, 


87 


markably  narrow;  tbe  small  crosssvein  is  in  the  middle  of  tlie 
diseal  cell;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  rounded  niid 
the  last  section  of  tbe  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  parallel  to  the 
third, 
Uah.  Cuba  (Guudlach). 

Gen.  III.  RITELLIA  R.  Desv. 

Characl. — Front  of  equal  breaiitli,  not  projecting  in  profile. 

AntfiituB  usually  reaching  down  to  tli«  margin  of  the  mouth;  third 
joint  long  ai  d  narrow  ;  ariiita  with  a  very  short  pubescHUie. 

Face  ratlj«r  txcavated,  its  lower  part  projecting  ;  the  lateral  portions 
very  narrow ;  clypeus  broad ;  occiput  moduratuly  turgid ;  eyes 
high  ;  cheeks  moderately  broad. 

Scuiellurn  convex,  with  four  bristles. 

Wings :  Marginal  and  submargiiial  cells  comparatively  broad  )  the 
second  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  remarkably  sinuate, 
with  the  convexity  encroaching  U[>on  the  diseal  cell,  so  that  the 
latter  appears  mui  h  narrower  before  the  small  crossvein  than  behind 
it ;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  parallel  to  the 
third  vein  or  very  slightly  diverging;  posterior  angle  of  the  ar-.l 
cell  rounded. 

A  largo  number  of  closely  resembling  species  belong  to  this 
genus;  the  picture  oi  the  wings  of  most  of  them  is  nearly  the 
same,  so  that  this  picture  alone  helps  to  recognize  the  species 
belonging  here ;  it  consists  of  -four  brown  or  blackish-brown 
rossbands;  the  first  starts  from  the  root  of  the  wing  and  is  the 
most  oblique  of  all  and  the  shortest;  the  second,  somewhat 
longer  and  less  oblique,  runs  over  the  small  crossvein;  the  third, 
which  covers  the  posterior  crossvein,  is  perpendicular  and  reaches 
from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wing;  the  fourth 
starts  from  the  anterior  margin,  near  the  origin  of  the  third  band, 
and  forms  a  border  along  the  apex  of  the  wing.  The  North 
American  fauna  seems  to  abound  in  these  species.  The  appa- 
rently total  absence  of  plastie  differences  between  them  and  tbe, 
as  it  seems,  not  unimportant  variation  in  the  coloring  of  some  of 
them,  render  their  separation  very  difficult,  especially  when  there 
are  only  single  specimens  for  comparison.  I  hope  not  to  have 
gone  amiss  in  the  definition  of  those  which  I  know.  Whether 
I  was  mistaken  or  not,  those  may  judge  who  have  the  opportunity 
of  observing  these  species  in  life. 

Among  the  cpecies  described  below,  liivcllia  conjuncta  is  the 


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88 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  hi. 


only  one  which  docs  not  belong  to  the  difficult  group  just  cliav- 
actorizi'd ;  it  is  distinguished  from  it  not  only  by  a  diireient 
picture  of  the  wings,  but  also  by  some  easily  tangible  platiiu 
differences. 

1st  Group.    Crossbhtids  contiguous  near  the  posterior  margin. 

1.  R.  conjuncta  n.  sp.  9  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  3.)  Nigro-viiidis,  pedibus 
prseter  tarsorum  basim  uigris,  tribua  priuis  alarum  fasciis  postivo 
cobsereutibud. 

Blackish-green  ;  the  feet,  with  the  exception  of  the  root  of  the  tarsi,  black  ; 
the  first  three  cro-ssbands  of  the  wings  contiguous  posteriorly.  Loug. 
Corp.  0.10;  loug.  al.  0.14. 

Blackish-grcen,  shining.  Front  moderately  broad,  dusky  for- 
ruginou.s-brown,  almost  black,  laterally  with  a  rather  broad 
border,  pollinose  with  white.  AntenntB  reaching  almost  down 
to  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  brick-red,  except  the  third  joint  which 
turns  brownish  or  blackish  towards  its  tip.  Face  and  clypous 
metallic-black.  Feet  black ;  the  basis  of  the  tarsi  brick-rod  or 
dirty  reddish-yellow  to  a  considerable  extent.  Ilaltores  black. 
Wings  hyaline ;  the  four  crossbands  much  broader  than  in  the 
following  species,  especially  the  first ;  the  second  coalesces  with 
the  first  in  the  discal  cell  and  the  third  unites  with  the  first 
near  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wing  ;  the  band  which  forms  a 
border  along  the  end  of  the  anterior  margin  and  the  apex  is 
connected  in  the  usual  way  with  the  third,  at  the  anterior 
margin.  The  small  crossvein  is  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  discal  cell ;  the  second  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  is  strongly  arcuated,  and  the  posterior  crossveins  bisinuate. 

Ilab.  Maryland  (Osten-Sackeu). 

2d  Group.     Crossbands  separated  near  the  posterior  margin. 

3.  R.  Tirldulans  R.  Desv.  %  9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  4.)  Nigro-viridis, 
interdum  chalybescens,  pedibus  prster  tarsorum  basim  uigris,  primis 
tribas  alarum  fasciis  separatis. 

Blackish-green,  sometimes  more  steel-blue ;  feet,  with  the  exception  of 
the  root  of  the  tarsi,  black ;  the  first  three  crossbands  of  the  wings  iso- 
lated from  each  other.    Long.  corp.  0.18 — 0.21 ;  long.  al.  0.15 — 0.2. 

Stn.  Rivellia  virtdnlanit  R.  Desv.  Myod.  p.  729,  2. 
Trypeta  quadrifasciata  Harris,  Cat.  Ins.  Masa. 


ORTALID^ — RIVELLIA.  89 

Ortalh  Ortoeda  Walk.  List,  IV,  p.  992. 

Orlitlis  (jiiodri/dsciala  Walk.  List,  IV,  p.  993. 

llerina  ri{/itar»is  Macq.  Dipt.  Kxot.  Suppl.  V,  p.  123,  7. 

Te/ihritis  meUiijinis  FiTcu,  First  Rep.  05. 

Dlackish-giTcn,  sliining;  tlie  upper  side  of  the  thornx  sometimes 
less  so ;  recently  excluded  Rpecimens  accpiirc  a  suiiiewlint  steel- 
blue  tinge  after  drying.     Front  reddi.«li-l>n)wn,  often  very  dark, 
of  the  usual  breadth,  with  a  very  narrow  border  of  wiiite  pollen 
on  each  side.     Face   and   clypeus  njetallic   black;   the  narrov/ 
lateral  portions  of  the  face,  bordering  on  the  eyes,  l)rownish-red, 
more  seldom  dark-brown.     Antennae  reaching  to  the  edge  of  the 
mouth,  brick-red  or  yellowish-red ;   the   third  joint  gradually 
turning  black  towards  the  tip.     Ovipositor  and  feet  black;  the 
tips  of  the  four  anterior  tibiae  usually  brownish  brick-red  ;  the 
first  joint  of  the  two  front  tarsi  and  the  first  two  joints  of  the 
four  posterior  tarsi  pale  brick-red.     Crossbanda  of  the  wings 
black,  rather  narrow ;  the  first  three,  which  are  entirely  sepa- 
rated from  each  other,  reach  from  the  anterior  margin  to  the 
fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  fourth  band,  bordering  the  end  of  the 
anterior  margin  and  the  apex,  is  often  connected  with  the  third 
only  by  a  rather  narrow  black  border  of  the  anterior  margin  ;  the 
portion  of  the  costal  cell  between  the  first  and  the  second  cross- 
bands  has  a  dingy,  somewhat  yellowish  appearance.    The  small 
crossvein  is  far  beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell  and  the 
second  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  very  much  arcu- 
ated.    Haltores  black. 
Hah.  New  York ;  Georgia ;  Distr.  Columbia  (Osten-Saeken). 
Obi^crvatioti  1. — The  attentive  reader  of  Walker's  description 
of  Ortalis  Ortoeda  will  easily  notice  that,  before  the  end  of  the 
fourth  line,  previous  to  the  comma,  several  words    have  been 
accidentally  omitted,  so  that  the  end  of  the  sentence  does  not 
refer,  as  it  should,  to  the  second,  but  to  the  third  crossband. 
What  Mr.  Walker  meant  to  say  results  sufficiently  from  the  next 
description,  that  of  O.  q^iadrifaaciata,  which  reproduces  again 
the  present,  apparently  very  common,  species.     The  fact  that  the 
measurements  of  0.  Ortoeda  and  quadrifaitciafa  are  different  in 
Walker  does  not  prevent  me  from  considering  them   a.s  one  and 
the  same  species.     Under  the  former  name  Walker  describes  a 
nialo  ;  under  the  latter,  a  female  ;  hence,  the  greater  size  of  the 
latter  has  nothing  surprising.    Instead  of  the  length  of  the  single 


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90 


DIPTEUA  OF   NUIITU   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


•■'H(  m 


wiug,  Walker  gives  the  breadlli  of  the  wings  fro.n  npex  to  apex, 
a  daluiii  which  is  to  Ijo  obtiiiiied  only  by  approxiiiiatioii.  This 
breadth  in  O.  Orlw.da  is  said  to  be  three,  in  U.  quadnfafciata 
four  lines,  a  diU'erenee  which  is  uoniewhat  considerable,  but, 
owing  to  its  uncertain  nature,  not  to  be  relied  upon  exclusively 
for  separating  the  two  specieB,  as  the  fenjulc  of  Ji.  vtmlulutis 
really  has  longer  wings  than  the  male.  The  quotation  from 
Ilarri.s's  Catalogue  has  been  introduced  upon  the  authority  of 
AValker,  who  seems  to  bavo  had  original  .specinu-ns  (if  this 
author;  but  as  the  species  has  never  been  descrii)ed,  the  (pio- 
tation  might  as  well  have  been  omitted.  That  Herina  rojitarsis 
Mac(|.  belongs  here  is  not  doubtful.  I  have  been  aiile  to  com- 
pare a  tyi)ical  specimen  of  Tephrilis  vie/tiginiis  Titch. 

Observation  2. — The  following  species  agree  so  much  with 
It.  viridulans  in  the  breadth  of  the  front,  the  shape  and  the 
length  of  the  antcnnoe,  and  in  the  venation,  that  every  statement 
about  these  points  would  be  useless.  In  .^ipeaking  of  the  picture 
of  the  wing.<5,  a  statement  about  the  points  of  diilerence  will  bo 
more  useful  towards  discriminating  the  species  than  a  detailed 
dcscriptiou. 


^  'if: 


8.  R.  qiiadrifasciata  Macq.      '^.  — (Tab.  VIII,  f.  5.)     Thorace 
viridi,  capite  prseter  occiput,  al>domiu«,  pedibuH,  lialteribut-que  luteia. 

Thorax  green  ;  the  head,  with  the  exception  of  the  occiput,  the  abdomen, 
the  feet,  and  the  halteres,  dark->-eIlow.    Long.  corp.  0.2;  long.  al.  U.19. 

Stn.  Ilerina  quadrifatciuta  Macq.  Suites,  etc.,  II,  p.  433,  B, 

Head  dark-yellow,  the  occiput  metallic  dark-green.  Front 
dusky  red,  with  a  narrow  border  of  white  pollen  on  each  side. 
AntennsB  dark  yellowish-red ;  the  third  joint,  with  the  exception 
of  the  root,  brown;  blackish  towards  the  tij).  Palpi  dark-yellow. 
Thorax,  including  the  scutellum,  of  a  blacki.sh-green,  metallic 
coloring,  shining.  Abdon)cn  dark-yellow,  more  browni.sh-yellow 
towards  its  end.  Coxae  and  feet  dark-yellow ;  hind  tibia;  yel- 
lowish-brown ;  the  last  four  joints  of  the  front  tarsi,  and  the  last 
three,  more  seldom  the  last  four,  joints  of  the  middle  and  hind 
tarsi  infuscnted.  Halteres  dark-yellow.  The  crossbands  on  the 
wings  as  narrow  and  nearly  in  the  same  position  as  in  //.  riridu- 
lavs,  but  loss  dark ;  the  first  band  is  narrower  and  crosses  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein  but  very  little ;  the  second  reaches  not 


li;  r  *-i  m '? 


■',■■  ^i- 


OBTALIDif: — Rl  VELLIA. 


91 


quite  R8  far  as  the  fit'th  loiij^ittidiiiul  vi'in ;  the  hyaliiu;  interval 
between  them  xa  bruuiler  and  the  intervening  itorliun  of  thi; 
costtti  eell  of  a  iliirker  coloring  than  in  Ji.  viriili'luiDi ;  tlic  eosta 
itself,  from  the  extreme  basis  as  far  as  about  the  miUUle  of  the 
cof^tal  eell,  is  of  a  Uirly-yellowihli  coloring. 

Jlub.  Nebraska  (?).  [I  possess  a  ftpeeinien  from  Wushington, 
D.  C,  which  agnies  exactly  with  the  above  description.    O.  S.] 

4.  R.  Tariabilisn.  sp.  ^.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  6.)  Rufo-t«stnrea,  capita 
pectoreque  pic«>is,  alMlomiiie  iiigro-iiict'o,  baKiiii  Tf^^us  plfruiiKiuu  lii- 
lutius  piceo,  pedibus  lutuis,  tibiid  postiuia  tar.sorutuque  apicu  fusuiii. 

Brifk-red ;  head  and  cbest  pitch-brown;  abdomen  pitt-h-blaclc,  towards 
the  basis  usually  of  a  li[:hter  pitch-brown;  feet  daik  yellow;  bin. I 
tibiffi  and  the  tip  of  all  Ihu  tarsi  browu.  Luug.  corp.  U.lb— 0.21 ;  long, 
al.  0.15—0.2. 

Brick-red.  Head  pitch-brown  or  rcddisli-brown.  Front  of  an 
opaque  dark-red  coloring,  on  each  side  near  the  orbit  with  a 
very  narrow  border  of  white  pollen.  Antenna)  reaching  down 
to  the  mouth;  the  first  two  joints  dark  reddish-yellow  ;  the  third, 
with  the  exception  of  the  basis,  dark-brown,  blackish  towards  the 
tip.  Palpi  dark-brown.  The  chest  and  the  lower  ))art  of  the 
pleura  dark  pitch-brown.  Abdomen  pitch-black,  generally  lighter 
pitch-brown  near  the  basis.  Coxte  and  feet  dark-yellow  ;  the 
four  anterior  tibia;  but  little  infuscated ;  the  hind  tibiie  and  the 
last  three  or  four  tarsal  joints  dark-brown.  Ilalteres  dark-lrcwn. 
The  picture  of  the  wings  almost  entirely  like  that  of  Ji.  <j  mdri- 
fusciata  in  coloring  and  design,  only  the  first  two  cmssbands 
are  a  trifle  longer  and  the  first  a  little  broader;  the  browu  col- 
orinj;  in  the  anterior  basal  cell  Is  a  little  less  extended. 

IJnb.  District  Columbia  (Osten-Sacken). 

Ob.servalion. — 1  have  a  female,  from  the  same  locality,  which  I 
think  belongs  to  the  present  species.  It  ditt'crs  from  the  male, 
described  above,  in  having  the  antonnse  of  an  altogether  dark- 
yellow  coloring,  except  the  slightly  infusciitcd  tip  of  their  third 
joint ;  the  color  in  the  middle  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  almost 
verges  on  blackish;  the  first  crossband  on  the  wings  is  a  little 
longer,  the  front  and  middle  tibia*  do  not  show  any  distinct  iufus- 
cation  and  the  tip  of  the  tarsi  is  but  little  infuscated. 


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9S 


DIPTERA   OF   NOUTII   AMERICA. 


[part  hi. 


5.  R.  flaTimana  n.  up.  %  9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  7.)  Vlrldl-nigra, 
vel  nigio-clial>ltea.  iM-dibas  aiiticiii  luleiB,  poHtfrioribus  seiuper  ux 
part«4,  iilfruni(|U«)  maximal  «x  parte,  uigriii  vel  fuHciti. 

OreeniHh-blnc'k,  or  more  bluir(li-)>1ack  ;  tbe  front  ft'et  dark-yellow,  the 
hind  feet  partly,  and  UHtially  for  the  luuiit  part,  black  or  bluish-browo. 
Long.  corp.  O.IO  ;  long.  al.  0.14. 

BvN.  f  llerina  metallka  v.  d.  Wulp.  Tijdscbr.  Toor.  Ent.  z,  p.  164.  Tab. 
V,  f.  10. 

Vory  like  li.  viridulans,  hut  easily  distiiipuishcd  hy  its  smnllcr 
size  and  the  paler,  although  very  varial)!o,  coloring  of  the  fct't. 
Metallic  blacklsli-greon  or  almost  blackish-blue.  Head  shining 
black ;  occiput  of  a  metallic  groenish-black  ;  front  dusky  rcddish- 
b;own,  often  blackish-brown,  on  fath  side  near  the  orbit  with  a 
very  narrow  border  of  white  pollen.  The  first  two  antennnl 
joints  brownish-red,  the  third  blackish-brown  or  block.  The 
coloring  of  the  ab(iomen  towards  the  tip,  in  the  male,  verges 
more  on  bronze-blark  ;  the  only  female  which  I  can  conijtare  iins 
no  trace  of  this  color.  Fore  co.xaj  and  tibiae  yellowish  ;  the  n\t\)CT 
eido  of  the  femora  and  the  basis  of  the  tibio)  very  seldom  show  a 
trace  of  infuscation.  The  four  posterior  feet  have  the  coxa;, 
femora,  and  tibiaj  biack  or  brownish- black,  the  tarsi  yellow. 
The  above-mentioned  female  has  the  tip  of  the  middle  femora 
and  the  middle  tibiae,  with  the  exception  of  the  dark-brown  bnsal 
third,  of  a  brownish-yellow  color;  the  tips  of  the  tarsi  in  this 
specimen  are  hardly  infuscated  at  all,  while  the  male  specimens 
have  the  three  or  four  terminal  joints  of  the  front  tarsi  and  the 
last  three  or  four  joints  of  the  middle  and  hind  feet  some- 
what dark-brownish.  Ilaltercs  brownish-black.  The  picture  of 
the  wings  recalls,  in  design  and  coloring,  that  of  E.  virtdiilans, 
only  the  crossbands  are  a  little  narrower;  in  generol  also  the 
second,  and  especially  the  first,  reach  less  near  the  fifth  longitu- 
dinal vein ;  the  black  coloring,  which  is  apparent  on  the  root  of 
the  anterior  basal  cell  of  P.  viridulans,  is  wanting  in  R.  Jlavi' 
mana,  and  this  affords  a  good  character  for  distinguishing  the 
latter  species  from  those  allied  to  it. 

Ifab.  Nebraska  (Dr.  Hayden). 

Observation  1. — I  possess  a  male,  the  four  posterior  feet  of 
which,  with  the  exception  of  the  hind  111)10;,  nro  yellow;  it  is 
also  distinguished  by  the  color  of  the  antennte,  which  are  reddish- 
yellow  as  far  as  beyond  the  middle  of  the  third  joint,  and  by  the 


•t<, 


ORTALID/K — lUVKM.IA. 


93 


Bomewliat  nnrnnvc^r  crosshaiids.  Nevi-rtlicIesH,  I  cnnsider  it  only 
us  a  variety  of  li.  Jlaviinuua,  wliicli  bcviU8  tu  bt>  very  vuriablu  ia 
the  coiuriiit?  of  the  feet. 

ObHcrvation  2. — liivellia  Itoscii  U.  Dcsv.  cannot  very  well  he 
Identified  witij  li.  Jlavimana,  us  it  i.s  deserilud  us  eon.-«iiltTably 
larger  than  R.  virhlulans,  wla-reus  Ji.  jlavimana  is  (lihlineiiy 
Bmaller.  I  did  not  succeed  in  identifying  tlii.s  .species  of  Rob. 
I)orfvoidy  ;  his  data  cuneerning'  the  coloring  do  not  agree  with 
II.  (jiindrifaticiala  and  variabiliH,  and  Ji.  pallida  iii  hlill  less  to 
be  taken  into  account. 

Ohtfcrvution  li. — At  first,  wliilc  in  possession  of  insndicient 
materials,  I  took  Jt.  viridvlans,  <niadrifax*lat(i,  variiihili«,  and 
Jlai'imana  for  varieties  of  the  same  species,  and  it  is  only  later 
that  more  abundant  materials  convinced  me  that  they  are  actually 
different,  although  closely  allied,  species.     It  is  in  conformity 
with  my  former  view  that  I  have  identified  with  li.  riridiilnutt  the 
Ilerina  metallica  described  and  figured  by  v.  d.  AVnIp  in  the 
Tijdschrift  voor  Entomologie,  x,  p.  l')4.  Tab.  V,  f.  10.     If  my 
present  separation  of  these  spc-eies  be   correct,  the  oidy   ones 
which  can  be  taken  into  consideration  in  interpreting  Mr.  v.  d. 
Wulp's  species  are  ^.  Jioscii,  Jlavinmnn,  auil  perhaps  JR.  viirnnn. 
B  Itoxcii  is  so  inaccurately  deseril)ed  by  K.  Desvoidy  that   its 
identification  is  very  difficult  anyhow ;   but  as  this  sjjeeies   is  3 
lines  long,  that  of  v.  d.  Wulp  only  1§,  I  consider  their  identity 
as  not  probable.     The  assumption  that  my  R    iniranx  is  the 
Eerina  metallica  of  v.  d.  AVulp  is  contradicted  by  the  very  bril- 
liant  metallic-green  coloring  of  the   former.     Moreover,   v.    d. 
Wulp's  figure  does  not  show,  at  the  basis  of  the  first  basal  cell,  the 
dark  coloring  existing  in  R.  micana,  which  coloring  has  the  same 
extent,  although   not  the    -ame  intensity,  as   in  R.  ririduhin.^. 
If  the  correctness  of  the  figure  of  tlu!  wing  of  Jlcrina  im  tallica 
could   be  implicitly  relied  upon,  its  sjiccific  diversity  from  R. 
vxicans  would  be  a  matter  of  certainty.     But  in  this  case  I 
would  have  also  to  admit  that  //.  mictatlica  does  not  coincide 
with  any  of  the  species  of  Rivellin  Known  to  me,  as  the  said 
fif!;ure  differs  from  those  s])ecics,  especially  in  the  broad  interval 
between  the  first  and  swcond  crossliands,  which  does  not  occur  to 
that  extent  in  any  of  them.     We  are  forced  to  assume,  therefore, 
tiiat  the  figure  of  the  wing  is  only  of  an  average  correctness,  and 
to  pay  attention,  in  its  interpretation,  to  the  principal  features 


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DIPTERA   or    NOliril   AMKlllCA. 


[I'AllT  III. 


only.  If  the  wunt  of  a  durk  coloring  ut  llio  bubis  of  the  lirdt 
buHul  cell  li*t  kimkIc'I  i'Ut  us  u  cliumctcrlHlic  fcuturu,  tliu  NUppoisiiion 
sugjrcsis  it.M'lf  tlml  llio  Hpccit-rt  is  idt-nlical  with  Ji.  Jlunnitinn, 
wliie'li  also  i»urlukt'.s  of  tliis  flmmfirr;  the  sliorlening  of  tiie  fubt 
two  crosrtliands,  an  well  us  tlio  dutu  couL'tTiiing  the  mIzu  uiid  col- 
oring of  //.  miUillica,  do  not  contradict  hucIi  an  ussurnptidii ; 
even  tlio  stati'njcnt  altont  the  coloring  of  tlio  feet  could  bo  applicij 
to  unu.onaliy  pale  specimens  of  Vi.  ^/ar/maxa,  ulthongli  1  liuvj 
ucvcr  luvl  with  specimens  of  this  degree  of  paleness.  Hence, 
it  appears  not  improltable,  although  far  from  certain,  that  Uvrma 
meluUka  is  identical  with  Ji.  Jlaciinana. 

6.  R.  ni Ivans  n.  up.  9  • — Sppciebu!^  prnecfdentibitfl  tninnr,  livte  (Pneo- 
Tiriilis,  iiitiiia,  pedibus  otuuibuii  lutui.-^,  fuMviiit  alarum  fUKuu-iiigrin. 

Sinnllcr  tban  Hie  pn-ceding  Hpecij-s,  nietalllo-green,  Rhiiiing;  nil  the  feet 
saturate-y^'llow  ;  tlie  croH!<l)anila  ou  the  wiiigd  browuinh-biaok.  Luii(;. 
Corp.  O.lli— (1.15  ;  long.  si.  0.13. 

Not  reaching  the  size  of/?,  variabih'sam]  perceptibly  smnllor 
than  the  other  preceding  species  ;  of  a  metallic-green,  briglit 
and  sliinin^  coloring.  The  front,  the  lateral  stripes  on  the  fiico 
and  the  low "r  part  of  the  occiput  of  a  reddish-yellow,  seldom  of 
a  brownish-red  coloring;  antenna),  as  far  ns  the  basal  third  or 
the  middle  of  the  third  joint,  reddish-yellow;  beyond  that, 
lirown.  The  abdomen  shows  a  diluted,  half-pellucid,  reddish 
crossl)nnd  at  the  place  where  the  first  and  second  segments  arc 
soldereil  together;  in  some  cases  this  band  is  wanting.  Co.\ic 
and  feet  saturate-yellow,  the  former  sometimes  more  brownish- 
yellow  ;  the  tarsi,  towards  their  tips,  are  strongly  infuscated. 
The  picture  of  the  wings,  in  its  design,  is  not  unlike  that  of 
li.  viridulans,  but  is  rather  browni>h-bIack  than  deep  black  ;  tlic 
dark  crossbands  are  a  little  narrower,  especially  the  first  and 
second,  so  that  the  hyaline  interval  between  them  is  compara- 
tively broader,  almost  erpial  in  breadth  to  the  interval  between 
the  second  and  third  bands  (in  Ji.  viridulans  the  first  interval  is 
considerably  narrower  than  the  second);  the  first  and  secniid 
crossbands  stop  about  the  middle  of  the  interval  between  tlio 
fourth  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins ;  however,  single  specimens 
occur  in  which  they  are  .shorter;  in  other  specimens  they  roach 
very  near  the  fifth  vein  ;  the  third  band,  towards  its  end,  is  per- 
ceptibly narrowed.     The  second  section  of  the  fourth  longitu- 


M 


■  u 


ORTALIDiE — RIVELLIA. 


05 


(linul  vein  is  less  arouuted  tuwurds  tliu  hiiiuII  crossvriii  tliiiii  in 
Ji.  ririiluluitH.  The  t'»ixic  and  Jct-t  iiru  durk-ycllow  ;  tlu-  iiind 
tibiiu,  towards  their  end,  jjrow  gradually,  but  very  slij,'hliy,  nioro 
L^l)wnl^^ll-yellow  ;  the  tarsi,  I'runi  about  ihu  babis  ut'  llie  third 
joint,  dark  brown. 

Jliih.  Texas  (IJelfrnge). 

Obsi'rnition.  —  Tlie  present  ppeeies  dilTers  fro  ..d  the  pre- 
cedinj;  ones  i)y  the  more  jnire  and  brilliant  inetallic-jjreen  eolop. 
Varieties  of  J{.  Jiaviniatin,  with  very  pale  feet,  are  nearest  t<»  if  ; 
hut  such  speeiniens  have  at  least  the  hind  tibiic,  with  the  excep- 
tion uf  the  extreme  basis  and  the  extreme  tip,  l)ro\\n.  Moreover, 
lliey  dill'er  from  Ji.  niirmis  by  the  coloring  of  the  first  basal  cell, 
vliich  is  hardly  perceptibly  t inured  with  jrray  at  its  extreme  basis 
only,  while  in  the  latter  sjteeied  it  is  infuseuted  up  to  the  last 
third  of  the  second  basal  cell. 

1.  R.  pallida  n.  up.  %  9.  — (Tal).  VIII,  f.  8.)  Flavo-testJii-eii, 
RivHlIisB  luicauti  teqaalis,  reliquisspecieiiUH  luitiur,  fuKuiitt  alarum  ni^ro- 
f  use  id. 

YellowiHh  brick-red,  of  the  size  of  R.  niioans,  but  nTnnl1«>r  tlian  th«  otlier 
siwcifs ;  tlie  crossbnnds  of  tliu  wings  liiackish-browu.  Long.  lorp. 
0.14— 0.15;  long.  nl.  0.13. 

Yellowish  brick-red.  Head  concolorons ;  front  more  fcrrn- 
pinous  ;  on  each  side  with  a  narrow  border  of  white  pollen. 
Antennaj  of  the  same  color  with  the  remainder  of  the  body,  only 
the  third  joint  a  little  blackish  at  the  extreme  tip.  One  of  my 
specimens  has  the  first  two  segments  of  the  abdomen  black  at  the 
basis;  but  this  color  seems  to  have  originated  after  death,  l)eing 
produced  by  the  contents  of  the  abd(»men.  Ovipositor  not  darker, 
or  but  a  little  darker,  than  the  r<'st  of  the  abdomen.  Feet  dark- 
yellow ;  last  two,  at  the  utmost  last  three,  joints  of  the  tarsi 
brown.  Knob  of  the  halteres  brown.  The  picture  of  the  wings 
reminds  of  that  of  JL  Jlnvhnana,  but  instead  of  black  it  is 
hlnckish-brown  ;  the  costal  cell  is  tinged  with  brown  at  the 
spot  only  where  the  first  crossband  has  its  beginning,  elsewhere 
it  is  of  a  dingy  yellowish  ;  the  root  of  the  first  basal  cell  shows, 
as  in  R.  flavimana,  no  dark  coloring  ;  the  first  and  the  second 
crossbands  usually  reach  very  near  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein. 
This  species  is  easily  recognized  by  its  smaller  size  and  lighter 
coloring. 

Hab.  Washington,  D.  C.  (Ostcn-Sackcn.) 


X. 


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rr4&: 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


aen.  IV.  STENOPTERIIVA  Macq. 


[part  UI. 


Charact. — Doili/  long  and  narrow. 

JJetid  aliuost  like  that  of  Oacus;  front  of  a  considerable  and  equal 
brbadth,  somewhat  projecting  in  profile  ;  face  somewhat  exuavuti'd 
in  profile,  perpemliculur  towards  the  somewhat  upturned  anturidr 
edge  of  the  mouth,  or  but  little  projei-ting ;  the  shallow  aulennul 
foi,(E  long  and  narrow,  not  distiiicll/  separated  from  the  convex 
middle  portion  of  tho  lace  ;  the  lateral  portions  of  the  face  very 
narrow;  cli/i>tiis  very  large;  eyes  large;  cheeks  not  very  broad; 
occiput  only  moderately  turgid. 

Ariteumr:  The  first  two  joints  >hort;  the  third  narrow  and  very  long, 
generally  reaching  a  littla  below  tho  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth ; 
arista  apparently  bare,  or  with  a  pubescence  which  is  so  short  as 
to  be  almost  impeiceptible. 

Thorax  long  and  narrow  ;  the  transverse  suture  runs  across  the  whole 
dorsum  in  the  shape  of  a  shallow  depression;  viewed  laterally,  tho 
thorax  appears  remarkably  attenuated  towards  its  anterior  end, 
as  the  pectus  is  truncated  obliquely  in  front;  scutillum  with  four 
bristles. 

AhJomin  remarkably  narrow  ;  the  first  segment  more  or  less  prolonged 
in  the  male. 

Feet  slender;  the  fore  cox»  very  long,  Inserted  remarkably  near  the 
coUum,  and  unusually  movable  at  the  point  of  insertion 

Wi>i()s  rather  narrow  ;  stigma  long  and  narrow  ;  small  crossvein 
oblique,  inserted  more  or  less  beyond  the  mitldle  of  the  long  discal 
cell ;  second  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  straight;  pos- 
terior angle  of  the  anal  cell  rounded  ;  the  picture  of  the  wings 
consists  chiefly  in  a  rtark  border  of  tiie  costa,  reaching  from  the 
bafls  of  the  stigma  to  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  in  the  darker  col- 
oring of  the  entire  anterior  basal  cell,  to  which,  in  most  of  the 
species,  is  added  a  brown  cloud  along  the  posterior  crossvein. 

The  groat  uncortainty  wliieli  seems  to  have  hitherto  prevaiU'd 
eonceniing  the  characters  of  the  genus  Steni}j)tcriua  has  induced 
me  to  enter  in  more  detail  about  them  tlian  about  the  olliur 
genera.  If  my  limitation  of  this  gonus  be  correct,  it  will  eon- 
tain  only  species  closely  related  in  their  plastic  characters. 
Their  venation  alone  shows  some  differences  ;  some  species  hiivc 
the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  convergent  towards  their 
ends,  the  second  longitudinal  vein  jterceptibly  shorter,  mure 
distant  from  the  costa,  and  mooting  it  at  a  loss  acute  aimlr: 
other  species  show  the  opposite  of  all  these  characters.  As  far 
as  I  can  judge  at  present,  the  species  of  the  former  group  seiiii 
to  belong  principally  to  the  old  world. 


OUTA  LI  U.K — STtN  Ul'l  EUIN  A. 


91 


S.  Benea  Wied.  ami  brcripvs  h\   may  bo  considered    as    the 
types  uf  tlie  genus. 

1.  S.  caerulescens  n.  sp.  %  . — Viridi-chalybea,  huinuria  concolori- 
Ims,  thoracis  dorso  uiagis  violiiceo,  lialteiibus  iiigiis,  alarum  liyaliiiaruiu 
limbo  costa'.i  indo  a  veiiie  auxiliaris  apioo  usiiue  ail  vt-nain  (luarlaiii 
pertiniMitH,  cellulA  basali  prima  et  vi-iia)  traiisver.-ialis  po.-iteriori.s  liiubo 
fusco-nigrls. 

Qrecnish-steelblnn,  with  concoloroua  ImmtTl  and  the  thoraoic  dorsum 
more  violi't ;  haltereK  black;  wings  hyaline,  a  costal  border,  reaching 
from  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  to  the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein,  the  first  basal  cell  an<l  a  border  along  the  posterior  crossveiu 
brownish-black.     Long.  corp.  0.152— 0.31);  long.  al.  0.2ti — 0.31. 

Of  a  Rroonish-stcelbhie  colorinpr,  wliich  on  the  al)domon  lias  a 
somewhat  stronger  admixture  of  green  iind  verges  on  violrt  on 
the  tlioraeie  dorsum;    the   iiiinieral   ealiosities  and    the    jthMiriC 
have  the  same  greenisii-I)hie  eoior.     Jliad  darl<-yeil<tw,  ahiiost- 
hrownish-yeUow;    elyjiens  and   jiaipi  of  the   same  eohjr ;    front 
strongly  infuscated  anteriorly,  this  eoh)ring  having  more  or  h'ss 
extent;  at  the  bottom  of  each  of  the  fovea;  a  distinet  brownish- 
hhu'k  h)ngitudinal  btrenk  ;    first  and  second  antennal  joints,  as 
well  as  the  root  of  the  third,  to  a  greater  or  lesser  extent,  dark- 
yellow;  tlie  third  joint,  towards  its  end,  lu'eoines  inure  and  more 
brown,  even   l)ro\\nish-bl!ick.      The  last  abdominal  segment    is 
only  a  little  shorter  than  the  p(  lultiniate.     The  hairs  on  thorax 
and  abdon.en  are  whitish,  with  the  exception  of  the  few  and 
comparatively  short  bristles  on  the  ]>osterior  end  of  the  thoracic 
dorsum  and  of  the  four  bristles  of  the  scutellum.     The  coloring 
of  the  coxae  and  feet  is  very  variable,  as  that  of  the  front  and 
of  the  antenna);   the  jialest  specimens  in  my  jxissession  have 
brownish-yellow  coxie,  more  yellowish  feet,  with  a  dark  metallic 
streak,  reflecting  grccnish-blne,  upon   the  anterior  side  of  the 
hind  femora,  and  w-itii  tarsi  which  are  dark-ltrown  towards  the 
tip;  the  darkest  specimens  in  my  collection  ha.e  metallic-l)lack 
coxae,  the  femora  almost  black,   with  a  bright  metallic  bluish- 
green  lustre,  excepting  the   tips  of  all  the  femora,  which   are 
brownish-red,  and  of  the  brownish-red  basis  of  the  middle  ones; 
til)i;c  and  tarsi  dark  brownish-red  ;  the  latter,  towards  their  end, 
colored  with  brownish-black  to  a  considerable  extent,      llalteres 
hhiek,  only  the  basis  of  their  stem  a  little  paler.     Wings  hyaline; 
7  ' 


l^nr:  ■ 


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•  V'f.  '•.  »*  °  r 

'■■    ,  '  ^  jif-i  '.  " 
,  V    '  I,  -.  vl*  -  r  . 

V        '    '.        4.1. 


■  v. 


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.;( 


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,  t'. 


98 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


[I'AKT  III. 


their  brownish-black  picture  consists  of  a  narrow  border  alnn-r 
the  anterior  margin,  wliich  readies  from  the  end  of  the  auxiliurv 
vein  to  that  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  in  the  darker  eoloriiiif 
of  the  first  basal  cell,  which  even  crosses  a  little  the  small  ertl^s- 
vcin  and  in  a  narrow  border  along  the  posterior  crossveiu. 

IJab.  Texas  (Belfrage). 

Observation  1. — The  South  American  S.  brevipes  Fab.  is  dis- 
tinguished from  the  present  species  by  the  ochre-yollow  color  ot' 
the  humeri  and  the  ferruginous-yellowish  color  of  the  halteres. 

Observation  2. — Hciina  melallica  Macq.  (Dipt  Exot.  II,  3, 
p.  208),  from  Mexico,  is  evidently  no  Hcrina  at  all,  but  a  l<f>  /-- 
opterina.  It  would  seem  possible,  therefore,  that  Stenoptrrma 
caerulescens  is  that  very  species.  Many  of  the  statements  in 
Macquart's  description  agree  with  S.  caernU'Hcens.  It  must  lie 
borne  in  mind,  however,  that  these  statements  refer  for  the  iiin.>t 
part  to  characters  which  a  whole  scries  of  Stenopterinae  have  in 
common.  The  statement  that  the  wings  are  yellowish  is  not 
applicable  to  S.  cservlesvens,  and  none  of  the  varieties  of  this 
species  which  are  in  my  possession  have  the  black  feet  mcntiom  d 
in  Macquart's  description  of  IJ.  metallica.  Nevertheless,  I 
would  not  have  doubted  this  synonymy  if  I  had  nothing  but 
Macquart's  description  to  consult.  The  figure  of  the  wing,  bow- 
ever,  which  Macquart  gives  (1.  c.  Tab.  XXIX,  f.  2)  sets  this 
supposition  entirely  aside,  by  showing  an  unusually  broad  durk 
border  along  the  anterior  margin,  by  which  Macquart's  spctiis 
differs  conspicuously  from  S.  caerulescens  and  similar  spccius 
with  the  ordinary  narrow  border  of  the  anterior  margin. 

Gen.  V.  1WISCH06A8TER  Macq. 

Charact, —  Front  of  a  considerable,  rather  equal,  breadth;  the  anterior 
ocellus  rather  distant  from  the  twj  c'hers. 

Face  excavated  in  profile,  hardly  projecting  below. 

Antennce  rather  long ;  arista  with  a  distinct  pabescenc<i. 

Wings  narrowed  towards  the  basis  ;  auxiliary  and  first  longitudinal 
veins  closely  approximated  ;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell 
'ounded. 

yl  rfomen  narrow,  still  more  attenuated  towards  the  basis;  first  seg- 
ment beset  with  strong  bristles  ;  ovipositor  rather  conical. 

The  characters,  as  given  here,  are  very  incomplete,  nnd 
require  an  entire  revision.    Unfortunately,  I  had  no  specimen  at 


ORTALID^ — MYRMECOMYIA. 


99 


hand  for  comparison,  and  was  obliged  to  write  from  memory. 
Tbe  bristles  on  the  first  abdominal  sef^nient,  the  distance  inter- 
vening between  the  anterior  ocellus  and  the  posterior  ones,  and 
even  the  shape  of  the  ovipositor  remind  very  much  of  some 
genera  in  the  group  of  lUchardina,  from  which,  however,  il//.s- 
chogaster  is  easily  distinguished  by  the  distinct  bristles  on  the 
first  longitudinal  vein  and  the  unarmed  femora. 

The  typical  species  of  the  genus  is  the   Cephalia  femnralis 
Wied.     No  species  from  North  America  are  as  yet  known. 

Gen.  VI.  IUVRIWECOMYIA  R.  Dbsv. 

Characl. — Bo()y  slender,  not  unlike  tiiat  of  an  ant. 

Head  comparatively  large ;  occiput  conspicuously  stout  behind  the 
vertex. 

Front  of  a  uniform,  considerable  breadth,  very  long  and  steep,  so  that 
the  antennae  are  below  the  middle  of  the  head  ;  the  very  large 
lateral  stripes  of  the  front  have  wrinkle-shaped  cross  impressions. 

Antenvm  reaching  a  little  below  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth ; 
arista  with  a  rather  short  pube'^cence. 

FroHt  convex,  not  excavated  in  profile,  but  descending  in  an  in- 
clined plane  ;  clypeus  of  a  moderate  transverse  diameter  ;  cheeki 
rather  broad. 

Thorax  somewhat  narrowed  anteriorly;  scutdlum  small,  with  two 
bristles. 

Abdomen  very  much  attenuated  at  the  basis  ;  the  narrow  first  seg- 
ment without  bristles ;  about  its  middle  it  is  '\o  coarctate  that  its 
anterior  portion  assumes  the  shape  of  a  knot. 

Feet  very  slender. 

Tegnla  wanting;  wincjs  narrow,  running  into  a  point  towards  the 
basis,  so  that  the  posterior  angle  of  the  wing  and  the  alula  are 
wanting ;  auxiliary  and  first  longitudinal  veins  closely  approxi- 
mated ;  the  t^o  posterior  basal  cells  small ;  the  posterior  angle  of 
the  anal  cell  rather  sharp. 

The  very  peculiar  structure  of  the  head,  the  approximated 
ocelli,  the  absence  of  bristles  on  the  first  abdominal  segment  and 
its  peculiar  coarctation,  sufficiently  distinguish  this  genus  from 
Mischogasfer.  The  species  upon  which  it  was  founded  by  II. 
Pesvoidy  are  unfortunately  unknown  to  me,  so  that  I  cannot 
affirm  with  certainty  whether  the  characters  uo  l„sed  by  me 
upon  the  species  described  below  would  in  all  particulars  apply 
to  them.  Judging  by  his  statements,  however,  it  seems  very 
probable  that  the  discrepancies  are  not  important. 


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V,.- 


■     III 


100 


DIPTFRA    OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[PAIiT  III. 


Myrmecomyia  is  not  only  very  like  Cephalia  in  appearance, 
but  closely  allied  to  it  in  reality.  However,  they  may  be  distin- 
guished by  the  presence,  in  Cephalia,  of  a  luesulhoracic  bristle, 
and  by  the  absence  of  the  coarctation  of  the  first  abdominal 
scf^ment,  peculiar  to  Myrmecomyia.  The  alulae  and  tegultu  iu 
Cephalia,  although  small,  are  nut  wanting ;  the  posterior  angle 
of  the  wing,  although  very  shallow,  is  likewise  apparent. 

1»I.  myrmecoides  LoEw.     %    9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  9.)    Nigra,  alarum 
hyalinarum  iinti  basi  et  apice  extreuio  uigris. 

Black  ;  wings  hjaline,  extreme  root  and  apex  black.     Long.  corp.  0.25 — 
0.27  ;  long.  al.  0.21. 

Syn.  Cephalia  mynwcoidcs  LoEw,  Wien.  Eut.  Monatschr.  IV,  p.  83. 

Black,  glossy.  Head  shining  black,  face  and  cheeks  usually 
brown.  The  very  broad  and  long  front,  descending  in  a  steep 
slope,  has  a  very  narrow  middle  stripe  of  velvet  black,  wliicli 
does  not  reach  much  beyond  the  middle  of  the  front,  but  is  con- 
nected by  a  furrow  with  the  frontal  fissure ;  the  latter  is  not  in 
the  shape  of  an  arc,  but  of  an  angle.  Ocelli  approximated  to 
each  other.  The  vertex  bears  two  strong  bristles,  and  on  both 
sides  of  them  two  shorter  ones;  moreover,  far  back  of  the  ocelli 
there  are  two  small  erect  bristlets,  while  there  are  none  in  the 
immediate  vicinity  of  the  ocelli.  The  conspicuously  large  lateral 
parts  of  the  front  have  irregular,  wrinkle-like,  transverse  impres- 
sions, and  along  the  orbits  a  very  narrow  border  of  white  pollen. 
Antennae  long  and  narrow,  reaching  to  the  anterior  edge  of  the 
mouth;  the  first  two  joints  brownish-red,  the  third  black;  ari.-^ta 
with  a  very  short  pubescence.  Face  convex,  descending  obliquely 
in  profile,  but  not  excavated  ;  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth 
not  drawn  upwards  ;  antcnnal  fovea3  indistinct ;  the  very  narrow 
lateral  parts  of  the  face  with  a  thin  white  pollen.  Eyes  higher 
than  broad.  Cheeks  rather  broad.  Clypens  projecting  over 
the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth,  however  its  longitudinal  diameter 
does  not  equal  its  moderate  transverse  diameter;  the  rather 
broad  palpi  blackish-brown.  Thorax  rather  long  and  narrow, 
broader  in  the  region  of  the  wings  than  before  and  behind. 
Scutellum  veiy  small,  convex,  with  two  bristles.  The  motathorax 
descends  in  an  inclined  plane,  and  is  conspicuously  long;  the 
pectus  rises  obliquely  from  the  middle  cox-^  towards  the  front 


ORTALID^E — MYUMECOMYIA. 


101 


C0X8B.     Thoracic  dorsum  with  a  thin  gray  bloom ,  the  'mpres- 
sioDS  indicating  the  lateral  beginnings  of  the  tra'isverse  suture 
are  more  densely  pollinose ;  the  pleura;,  above  the  middle  coxae, 
are  clothed  with  a  very  dense  white  pollen.     The  shining  blaek 
abdomen   is   much  narrower  at   its  basis ;   its  first  segment  is 
longer  than  each  of  the  following  ones  ;  about  its  middle  it  is 
60  attenuated  that  its  smaller  anterior  portion  is  knot-shaped, 
the  larger  posterior  portion  funnel-shaped  ;  the  last  abdominal 
segment  is  somewhat  shorter    than  each  of  the  two  preceding 
cues.     The  comparatively  large  hypopygiuni    is   usually  pitch- 
brownish,  seldom  blackish  ;   the   first  segment  of  the  black  ovi- 
positor is  flat  and  rather  broad.     Feet  very  slender;   anterior 
coxae  yellow ;  the  four  posterior  coxae  yellowish-red  or  chestnut- 
brownish;  all  are  clothed  with  white  pollen.    Front  feet  brownish- 
yellow,  with  pitch-brown  femora ;  the  tarsi,  from  the  tip  «  f  the 
first  joint,   are   blackish  -  brown ;    the   four  posterior   feet   are 
brownish-black;  the  knees,  the  extreme  tip  of  the  tibiae  and  the 
root  of  the  tarsi  brownish  brick-red  ;  in  very  pale-colored  .speci- 
mens the  light  coloring  of  the  tarsi  is  nmch  more  extensive. 
Halteres  black.     No  tegulae.    Wings  hyaline,  with  delicate  black 
veins;  the  wings,  towards  the  basis,  are  very  much  attenuated, 
without  any  posterior  angle  and  without  alula;  auxiliary  vein 
short,  very  much  approximated   to  the   first  longitudinal  vein ; 
the  latter  rather  stout,  very  gradually  merging  into  the  costa,  so 
that  the  stigma  is  narrow,  linear ;  .second  longitudinal  vein  very 
long  and  straight;  the  last  section  of  the  ihird  longitudinal  vein 
gently  inflected  backwards,  so  that  it  strongly  diverges  from  the 
second  longitudinal  vein  and  ends  in  the  extreme  apex ;  small 
crossvein  perpendicular,  inserted  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of 
the  long  discal  cell ;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  rather  straight,  only  very  little   convergent  towards   the 
third;  posterior  crossvein  straight;  the  two  posterior  bnsal  colls 
comparatively  small ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  coll  rather 
acute,  but  not  pointed  ;  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  rnthor  short, 
but  reaching  distinctly  to  the  ninrgin.     The  picture  of  the  wings 
consists  in  an  ohsonrntion  of  the  extreme  root  and  the  extreme 
tip;  the  first  extends  in  the  costal  cell  a  little  beyond  the  humoral 
crossvein  ;  behind  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  however,  it  roaches 
as  far  as  the  posterior  basal  colls  ;  the  obscuration  of  the  apex 
has  its  greatest  breadth  at  the  end  of  the  first  posterior  cell ;  it 


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102 


DIPTERA   OP    NORTH   AMEIUCA. 


[PAUT  III. 


hardly  crosses  the  fourth  loiigituUiiiul  vein  posteriorly ;  anlcrioriy 
it  extends  as  a  rapidly  contracting  border  along  the  costa  as  I'ar 
a»  the  cud  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  so  that  it  Las  rather 
the  shape  of  an  apical  spot  than  of  an  apical  border. 
JJab.  Washiugtou,  D.  C.  (Osteu-Sackeu.) 

Third  Section :  Cepualina. 
OeD.  I.  TRITOXA  uuv.  gen. 

Charact. — Body  slender ;  abdomen  narrow  at  the  basis  ;  feet  rather  long, 
front  tibia  before  the  end  of  the  upper  side  with  a  stronger  bristlet. 
Hairs  and  bristles  rather  short ;  thoracic  dorsum  with  bristles 
along  the  sides  and  upon  its  posterior  margin  only. 

AttlentuB  long  and  narrow  ;  the  second  joint  short ,  arista  with  short 
hairs.  Face  almost  shield-shtped,  with  rather  indistinct  anteunal 
foveau. 

Palpi  very  broad;  proboscis  rather  stout,  mentum  but  little  inflated. 

Winyi  cuneiform  towards  thebasi)*,  with  a  very  narrow  alula;  second 
longitudinal  vein  not  conspicuously  arcuated  ;  third  and  fourth 
irregular  in  their  course,  which  causes  the  anterior  basal  cell  to 
expand  before  its  end ;  first  longitudinal  vcjin  beset  witli  bristles 
upon  the  greater  TH)rtiou  of  its  course  ;  crossveius  approximated  to 
each  other. 

This  genus  contains  reddish-brown  and  black  species,  with 
dark  wings,  marked  with  three  hyaline,  oblique,  more  or  loss 
arcuated  crossbauds. 

1,  T.  flexa  WiED.  %  9  . — (Tab.  VIII,  f.  10.)  Nigra,  capite  thoracpque 
interdum  fuscis  ;  alae  nigrae,  fasciis  hyalinis  valde  angnstis  secuntU  et 
tertia  arcuatis,  hac  ab  alse  apioe  late  remold,  vena  transversa  posteriore 
eubnormali. 

Black,  head  and  thorax  sometimes  brown  ;  the  wings  black,  with  three 
very  narrow  hyaline  bands,  the  second  and  third  of  which  are  arcu- 
ated ;  the  iRtter  is  rather  remote  from  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  posterior 
orossvpin  almost  perpendioular.  Long.  corp.  0.24 — 0.28  ;  long.  al. 
0.21—0.23. 

St\.   Tnip'-tft  flfxn  WiEDRMANS,  Auss.  Zweifl.  11.  p.  483,  11. 

Triipe.fa  arcuata  WAiiKER,  Ins.  Saunders,  p.  383.     Tab.  VIII,  t,  3. 

Fully  colored  specimens  are  aUogpthor  doop  black ;  in  very 
pale  ppccimens,  on  the  contrary,  the  whole  head,  the  thora.x,  and 
the  feet,  the  latter  usually  with  the  exception  of  the  upper  side 
of  the  femora,  are  often  brown ;  vestiges  of  this  color  frequently 


OttTALID^ — TPTT^rA. 


103 


oci'iir  in  a  jrrcater  or  lesser  measure  on  specimens  the  prevaillnfj 
color  of  which  is  black.  Most  specimtMis  have  the  greater  part 
of  the  front  brown,  some  reildish-brown ;  the  usual  coloring  of 
the  antennae,  also,  is  more  brown  than  black,  esjjecially  towards 
the  basis.  The  pubescence  of  the  arista  is  short,  but  distirct. 
Tlie  front  has  on  both  sides  a  very  narrow,  the  face  a  broader, 
border  of  white  pollen;  the  face,  also,  is  slightly  boary  with 
wliite,  which  is  not  equally  distinct  iu  all  specimens,  nor  from  all 
points  of  view ;  it  is  most  perceptible  around  the  antennce.  The 
rather  indistinct  pollen  on  the  thoracic  dorsum  forujs  two  rather 
broad  parallel  lines.  The  first  segment  of  the  flattened  ovipositor 
resembles  in  its  nature  the  preceding  abdominal  segments,  to 
which  it  is  closely  applied  ;  it  is  clothed,  like  those  segments, 
with  short,  black  hairs.  The  wings  are  strongly  cuneiform 
towards  their  basis,  and  towards  their  tip  they  are  rounded  in 
such  a  manner  that  the  extreme  apex  is  much  nearer  the  posi"- 
rior  than  the  anterior  margin  ;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  is 
slightly  wavy  upon  the  first  two-thirds  of  its  course ;  its  strongest 
curvature  is  just  above  the  small  crossvein  ;  the  latter  is  rather 
oblique;  the  posterior  crossvein,  on  the  contrary,  is  steep,  almost 
perpendicular,  slightly  bisinuated  in  the  shape  of  an  8.  The 
color  of  the  wings  is  black;  only  very  immature  or  faded  speci- 
mens have  it  brownish-black;  the  three  usual  crossbands  have  an 
almost  whitish  tinge,  and  are  very  narrow;  the  first  among  them 
is  so  oblique  that  it  almost  ci^.'vames  the  appearance  of  a  longitu- 
dinal stripe;  it  starts  at  the  basis  of  the  third  posterior  cell, 
diverges  gently  and  moderately  from  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein, 
becomes  more  and  more  attenuated  and  pointed,  and  ends  already 
some  distance  from  the  posterior  margin  ;  the  second  pale  cross- 
band,  which  likewise  has  a  very  oblique  position,  begins  at  the 
tip  of  the  costal  cell,  just  before  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein, 
and  runs  to  the  posterior  angle  of  the  discal  coll ;  it  is  percep- 
tibly more  arcuated  on  its  anterior  than  on  its  posterior  portion  ; 
the  third  crossband,  running  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior 
margin,  likewise  has  a  very  oblique  position,  although  less  so 
than  the  second ;  between  the  posterior  margin  and  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  its  course  is  straight;  from  there  to  the  anterior 
margin  it  is  more  and  more  arcuated;  the  distance  between  the 
third  crossband  and  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  very  large,  as  it 
almost  equals  one-third  of  the  length  of  the  wing.     In  the  imme- 


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104 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH   AMERICA, 


[PAKT  I[f. 


diate  vicinity  of  the  small  crossvcin  the  coloring  of  the  winir  i> 
more  ferruginous-brown  than  l)laek,  wliieh  is  especially  perecptildc 
by  transmitted  light;  specimens  also  occur  which  have  oiIilt 
pale  streaks  in  one  or  the  other  of  the  cells. 

Hah.  Northeru  Wisconsin  lliver  (Iveuuicott) ;  Illinois  (II. 
Shinier).' 

Observation. — Wiedemann  probably  prepared  his  descri[)ti()ii 
of  Tri/pi-ta  Jlexa  from  a  very  imperfectly  colored  specimen.  ,\ 
drawing  of  the  wing,  which  I  prepared  some  twenty  years  ago 
after  an  original  specimen  in  the  Berlin  Museum,  proves  conclu- 
sively that  Tri/pefa  fiexa  is  distinct  from  Trifo.ru  incurva  and 
cuneata.  The  former  is  proved  by  the  dark  coloring  at  the  tip 
of  the  wing  having  a  much  greater  e.xtent  than  in  2'.  incurva, 
and  by  the  course  of  the  third  crossband  in  2\  Jlexn,  which  is 
not  arcuated  towards  its  end,  but  almost  straight ;  in  T.  cuneata 
the  difterent  shape  of  the  wing  and  the  entirely  distinct  delinea- 
tion of  the  crossbands  altogether  exclude  the  possibility  of  its 
synonymy  with  2'.  Jiexa.  The  figure  of  the  wing  drawn  by  me 
and  above  alluded  to  agrees  with  the  present  species  so  well  that 
I  consider  my  opinion  about  the  identitication  of  this  species  as 
well  founded.  Should  this  not  be  th;^  case,  then  T.  Jlexa  Wied. 
is  a  species  which  I  do  not  possess.  The  statement  of  Wiede- 
uiaiin,  that  the  ovipositor  of  the  ttmale  is  two  jointed,  rests  upon 
an  error,  which  is  easily  explained  away  by  the  resemblance 
of  the  first  joint  with  the  preceding  abdominal  segment.  That 
Walker's  Triipcta  arcuata  is  synonymous  with  the  present  spe- 
cies is  not  in  the  least  doubtful,  although  in  the  figure  of  the 
head  the  arista  is  made  too  short  and  its  pubescence  too  long. 

2.  T.  inciITTa  n.  np.  %  9- — (Tab.  VIII,  f.  12.)  Badia,  abdomine 
nigro;  alse  fuscie,  fasciis  hyalinis  modice  angnstis,  Hoound^  et  terti^ 
arcaatis,  hao  ab  a1»  apioe  minus  late  quam  in  speciebus  reliquis  remoti, 
▼eni  transversa  posteriore  obliqua. 

Reddish  che-stnnt-brown,  with  a  black  abdomen  ;  the  wings  brown,  with 


'  Mr.  H.  Shimer,  from  Mt.  Carroll,  111.,  informed  me,  in  18G5,  that  this 
fly  is  very  injurious  to  onion -plants,  the  lar^a  oocnrrinct  in  the  bnlb. 
This  fact  has,  since  then,  been  mentioned  in  the  Practical  Entomologist.  I, 
p.  4 ;  II,  p.  64  (with  flpures  of  laiTa  and  imapo)  ;  American  Eiitomolo- 
pist,  II,  p.  110.  Specimens  of  Tritnxa  incurva  were  found  by  Mr.  Shinier, 
together  with  T,  Jlexa,  and  taken  for  a  mere  variety  of  that  species. 

0.  S. 


ORTALID.« — TRITOXA. 


105 


only  moderately  narrow  hyaline  bandu,  the  second  and  third  of  whiih 
are  arcuated  ;  the  latter  is  less  remote  from  the  apex  of  the  wiiii;  tlian 
iu  the  other  3p»'cies  ;  posterior  crossveiu  oblique.  Long.  corp.  (K2') — 
0.3;  long.  al.  0.22— 0.2(j. 

Keddisli,  chestnut -brown,  with  a  black  abdomen.  Front 
opaijue,  with  the  exception  of  the  edge  of  the  vortex  and  of  the 
small  callosities  descending  from  it,  and  bearing  the  bristles  ; 
along  the  orbits  the  front  has  a  narrow  bolder  of  white  pollen, 
which  also  extends  over  the  face,  but  is  luch  broader  here.  The 
remainder  of  the  face  has  a  very  thin,  somewhat  yellowish 
pollen  upon  it,  which  is  most  perceptible  in  the  proxinuty  of  the 
antennae.  Antenna;  reddish  -  brown  ;  third  joint  darker  brown 
towards  its  end;  pubescence  of  the  arista  short,  but  distinct. 
The  thoracic  dorsum  has  a  broad  shining  border  upon  its  sides, 
otherwise  it  is  opaque.  Its  thin  whitish  pollen  is  a  little  more 
perceptible  than  in  T.  Jlexa,  and  forms,  as  in  that  species,  two 
broad,  parallel  longitudinal  stripes,  the  position  of  which  corre- 
sponds to  that  of  the  intervals  between  the  ordinary  thoracic 
stripes  ;  upon  the  intermediate  stripe  between  them  the  pollen 
has  a  somewhat  yellowish  tinge,  and  is  much  more  dense  upon 
the  longitudinal  line,  which  divides  this  stripe  in  two;  well- 
preserved  specimens  show  the  white  pollen  on  the  sides  of  the 
thoracic  dorsum  also,  while  in  less  good  specimens  this  is  not 
visible,  and  often  very  little  of  the  pollen  is  left  on  the  whole 
surface.  Scutellura,  metanotura,  and  plenrje  are  shining,  the 
latter  with  a  thin  white  bloom.  Abdomen  black  or  brownish- 
black,  with  a  black  pubescence,  sometimes  chestnut-brown  on  the 
sides  of  the  first  and  second  segments.  The  flattened  first  joint 
of  the  ovipositor  is  of  the  sfime  nature  as  the  preceding  seg- 
ments of  the  abdomen  ;  it  is  very  broadly  truncated  at  the  tip. 
The  feet  have  the  same  coloring  as  the  thorax,  often,  however, 
not  only  the  upper  side  of  the  fore  femora,  the  middle  femora 
towards  their  basis,  and  the  hind  femora,  with  the  exception  of 
their  last  quarter,  are  more  strongly  infuscated,  but  also  the  fore 
tibife  towards  their  tip,  as  well  as  the  entire  fore  tarsi ;  '.he  middle 
tarsi,  with  the  exception  of  their  basis  and  the  entire  hind  tibiae 
and  hind  tarsi,  are  dark  brown.  Halteres  yellowish.  Wings 
narrowed  towards  the  basis,  although  not  quite  as  cuneiform  as 
in  T.  jlexa,  the  portion  lying  beyond  the  sixth  longitiidinnl  vein 
not  being  quite  as  narrow  as  in  that  species  ;  the  end  of  the  wing 


( 

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DIPTERA    OP    NORTH    AMERrCA. 


[I'ART  III. 


is  rounded  in  such  a  lUttiiiM^r  tlmt  tlio  apex  is  etiuidistunt  from 
the  unti'rior  and  the  posterior  margins ;  llie  second  luiijritudinal 
vein,  tlie  course  of  wliieh  is  rather  wavy,  has  its  stron^^'st  sinu- 
osity only  littlti  beyond  the  Hinali  crussvein ;  the  anterior  end  of 
the  latter  is  nearer  to  the  root  of  the  wing  than  its  po.ncrior  oiui, 
BO  that  its  position  is  entirely  oblique ;  tlie  post-rior  iiossvin 
is  ol>li(iue  in  the  opposite  direction,  as  its  anterior  end  is  ncunr 
to  the  apex  of  tlie  wing  than  the  posterior.  The  coloring  of  tl.o 
surface  of  the  wing  is  a  brown  of  unecpud  intensity  ;  the  des'ga 
consists  of  the  three  hyaline  l)ands  usual  in  this  genus;  the  por- 
tion of  the  surface  of  the  wing  b«'yond  the  third  band  is  daik 
brown,  with  a  large  yellowish-l)rown  sjjot,  which  leaves  in  tlio 
Bubniarginal  cell  only  a  dark  brown  border  along  the  margin  of 
the  wing,  and,  so  far  as  it  extends  in  this  cell,  also  soniewlmt 
crosses  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  interval  between  tlio 
second  and  third  bands,  which  has  the  shape  of  a  crossbund,  i.s 
yellowish-brown,  margined  with  dark  brown  on  each  side,  and 
also  dark  brown  at  the  end  ;  the  interval  between  the  second 
and  first  crossbands  is  dark  brown,  with  a  large  yell()wisli-l)rowa 
spot,  which  fills  up  the  basis  of  the  sulnnarginal  cell,  and,  to  a 
great  extent,  that  of  the  first  basal  cell,  so  that  in  tin*  fornuT 
almost  nothing  is  left  of  the  dark  brown  color,  in  the  latter  only 
a  border ;  the  root  of  the  wing  is  tinged  with  yollowisli-brown 
as  far  as  a  little  beyond  the  humeral  crossvein  ;  towards  the 
place  of  insertion  of  the  wing,  however,  the  dark  brown  color 
aj)pears  again  ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  wing,  lying  Itehind 
the  first  crossband,  is  only  tinged  with  gray.  The  hyaline 
crossl)ands  are  distinctly  broader  than  in  T.  Jitxa,  and  the  lust 
of  them  is  much  nearer  the  apex,  so  that  the  dark  coloring  of 
the  latter  assumes  the  shape  of  a  broad  crossband.  The  first 
hyaline  crossband  is  so  oblique  that  it  almost  assumes  the 
appearance  of  a  longitudinal  stripe;  it  starts,  as  in  T.  ftcra, 
from  the  basis  of  the  third  posterior  cell,  but  is  broader  tiian  in 
that  species,  and  does  not  diverge  from  the  fifth  vein;  gradually 
beconnng  niore  pointed,  it  ends  some  distance  from  the  margin 
of  the  wing,  and  differs  but  little  in  intensity  of  coloring  from 
the  gray  posterior  angle  of  the  wing ;  the  second  pale  crossband, 
which  has  a  very  oblique  position  and  is  only  gently  curved,  runs 
from  the  tip  of  the  costal  cell  to  the  posterior  corner  of  the  diseal 
cell ;   however,  the  lip  of  the  costal  cell  itself  is   hyaline  to  a 


ORTALIDA: — TIUTOXA. 


lOT 


T<>ry  srniill  oxtciit  only,  ho  tliut  tlii!  (Tossbuiid  apjiciirs  soiiii-wimt 
al)l)ioviuteel  lu-ur   thu  untorior  niuij^in  of  tlii' win;: ;   llic   tliinl 
liyaliiiu  crussbuiid,  wliicli  is  almost  us  ol)luiiiu  as  (lii>  srciMid,  is 
ujuif  curved  upon  its  posterior  thuu  upon  its  unterior  portion. 
JJub.  llliuois  (Dr.  Sohimer).' 

8tT.Cuneatau.Rp.  %  9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  11.)  Rulo-lmiiia,  nlxlo. 
uiinu  iiigro;  alse  fuHi-ae,  fasuiarutu  liyaliiiuruiu  Hfuuudu  ubli^uu  et  luvid- 
siiue  aiouuta,  tertiH  aubiiuruiiili  ut  ruuta. 

Be<l<liHh  cbustnut-brown,  with  a  black  ab<loni«n ;  wiiigt«  brown,  their 
eecond  hyaline  crussband  ubIiquH  and  only  gently  curvcil  ;  tin*  tbiid 
almust  perpeudivular  aud  straight.  Long.  uorp.  0.23 — 0.25;  lung.  al. 
0.21—0.22. 

Uoddish  eliestimt-brown,  with  a  hlack  nljdoiiien.  Front 
opiuiue,  however,  witli  the  e.Neeption  of  the  edjfe  of  tin-  vertex  uiid 
of  tiie  two  callosities,  descending  from  it,  and  bearing  the  strong 
frontal  bristles,  of  a  rather  reddish  coloring;  with  a  very  narrow 
border  of  white  pollen  near  the  orbit ;  this  border  also  extends 
over  tlie  face,  but  is  not  very  perceptible  here.  The  remainder 
of  the  face  is  covered  with  a  very  delieato  whitish  pollen,  which 
is  mure  perceptible  near  the  antenna)  only.  The  tiiird  antennal 
joint,  wi'.h  the  exce])tion  of  its  basis,  brown;  arista  with  a  very 
short,  yet  distinctly  perceptible,  imbescenee.  Thoracic  dorsum 
ui)on  its  sides  with  a  broad  shining  border,  otherwise  opacpio ; 
the  rather  whitish  pollen  which  covers  it  is  very  distinct  i'l  well- 
jireserved  specin»ens,  but  even  in  such  specimens  it  does  not  form 
any  distinct  longitudinal  stripes.  Scutellum,  metathurax,  and 
pk'uriB  shining,  the  latter  with  a  white  bloom.  Abdumcn  black 
or  i)rowinsh-ljlack,  with  a  black  pubescence,  usually  reddish 
chestnut-brown  upon  the  sides  of  the  lu\st  and  second  segments. 
The  feet  are  of  the  color  of  the  thorax ;  the  fore  tarsi  usually  alto- 
gL'ther  dark  brown  ;  the  middle  and  hind  tarsi  towards  their  end 
daik-hrown  to  a  great  extent.  Ilalteres  yellowish-white.  "Wings 
conii)aratively  narrower  than  in  2\  iucurca,  attenuated  to  a  rather 
cuneiform  shape  towanls  their  basis;  second  longitudinal  vein  only 
slijiiitly  wavy ;  the  small  crossvein  very  steej),  almost  jjcrpen- 
dicular;  the  posterior  crossvein  obliijue,  its  anterior  end  some- 
what nearer  the  apex  of  the  wing,  so  that  the  posterior  angle  of 

'  rriVwra  tnciin-a  occurs  together  with  T.flexa,  bo  tliat  Dr.  Scbiiner,  wlio 
Runt  me  sptiuiumus  of  both,  took  it  for  a  luero  variety  of  his  ouion-jli/. — O.  S. 


m 

1 

'!  ••■:■,:'^'•  *' 


:fi--^'.     ■'■■■ 

I.,:  [^-^  'i',f\ 


,1,! 


>  ' . 

•  '  ■  i » * 
■  ,    «■■■.,.' 


■'  '-4  »■ 


wm 


108 


Ml'TEIIA    OF    NciUTir    AMKIIICA. 


[I'AUT  III. 


t .. 


.11 


the  (liscal  coll  is  a  litllo  larger  lliiiii  ii  recta iijrio.  Tlic  colon ii>r  ..f 
the  siirracc  of  tliu  wing  is  an  uneven  i>ro\vn  ;  the  (Icsign  is  roriiinj 
of  till!  usnul  thriio  hyaline  crossliands,  the  lirsl  of  which,  hitwevcr, 
is  but  lilde  apparent.  Tiic  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  wing 
lying  heyontl  the  last  hyaline  crossljund  is  rather  dark-lirown, 
more  l)ro\vnish-yello\v  towards  the  anterior  more  grnyish-l)rowii 
towards  the  posterior  margin;  the  interval  lictween  tin'  thinl 
and  second  bands  is  (lark-i)rown  below  the  fourth  longitudinal 
Vein,  above  it,  yellowinh-lirown  with  dark-brown  borders;  the 
latter  are  broader,  even  sometimes  coalesccnt,  within  the  snli- 
margiiial  cell;  the  interval  between  the  Hecnnd  and  the  fnst 
liyalini!  crossbands  is  dark-brown,  its  inner  portion  more  yellow- 
isli-l)rown ;  the  basis  of  the  wing  yellnwish-brown ;  lieyond  the 
fifth  longitudinal  vein  the  brown  c((loring  still  continues,  but  soon 
verges  on  grayish.  TIm;  first  crossbaiid  has  the  same  pr)siti(>iias 
in  the  preceding  species;  only  it  is  broader,  less  attenuated,  and 
much  shorter;  its  outline  can  be  plainly  visible  only  when  the 
surface  of  the  wing  is  viewed  in  an  oblicpK-  direction  ;  the  second 
pale  crossband,  which  is  very  oblicpie,  begins  below  the  tip  of 
the  costal  cell,  in  the  marginal  cell,  and  reaches  as  far  as  the 
fifth  longitudinal  vein,  which  it  touches  already  before  the  jMiste- 
rior  corner  of  the  discal  cell;  this  band  is  but  little  curved;  about 
its  middle,  it  i.^  more  or  less  expanded  in  the  shape  of  an  angle, 
in  consequence  of  its  margin  (the  one  nearest  to  the  apex  of  the 
wing),  between  tlu!  third  and  fourth  lonj'itudinal  veins,  not  run- 
ning in  the  direction  of  the  band  itself,  but  being  more  or  less 
perpendicular  to  the  axis  of  the  wing;  the  third  hyaline  bainl, 
running  at  some  distance  from  the  apex  of  the  wing,  is  very 
steep,  but  by  no  means  entirely  perpendicular,  and  somewhat 
broader  anteriorly  than  posteriorly;  it  begins  at  the  anterior 
margin  and  completely  or  almost  completely  reaches  the  posteriur 
one.  , 

Uab.  Nebraska  (Dr.  Ilayden). 


Gen.  II.  CA9IPTONEURA  Macq. 

Charart. — Body  slender,  feet  rather  long ;    the  hairs  very  short  every- 
where ;  the  thorax  with  bristles  on  the  lateral  ami  posterior  margins 
only. 
Antenna'  long  and  narrow  ;  tlio  second  joint  pliort.     Face  almost  shielil- 
sbaped,  convex,  with  rather  indistinct  foveas.  ' 


.-\''>; 


\'-.', 


ORTALin^E — CAMI'ToNKrilA. 


109 


Pitfl>i  v«ry  broftd.  I'lobiwciii  rfttluT  Btout,  with  a  but  tiKub'ratHly 
tuigiil  luuntuiu. 

WiHiji  bruad,  tlrrtt  lun^^itmliiial  vuiii  provbltnl,  to  n  grHat  ttxtttiit,  witli 
britttluri;  HHuoml  lui^itmliiml  vein  aruiiiittfil  in  a  very  Htrikiiig 
mauiier;  anal  ci-ll  ruumleil  at  tiie  tip;  tliu  anterior  margin  of  tlio 
wingrt,  at  tbn  t-nil  o(  th«  auxiliary  vein,  ban  a  uLalluw,  but  very 
«trikiug  excidiou. 

1.  C.  picta  Pabh.  %  9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  n.)  n.iilia,  nb-lomlnt*  nlLtro; 
aiw  hik^i'o-ruMcio,  niaonlis  oostaliburt  binirt  tiigonis.  binisiiue  giitii-4  ili-<- 
coiilaliliits,  luarginiit  (leni(|ue  postici  luaoulik  tri^onii  ut  utriija  obliijuti 
hyaliniit,  angulo  poistiuu  et  alulii  oinerasuentibui. 

Chj-stmii-lirownirfh  with  a  blaok  abiloinen ;  the  winifs  blnokinh-brown; 
two  triangular  Hpotrf  on  tlie  anterior  margin,  two  ilot.t  on  tlu*  nii<l<lle  of 
tite  wing,  a  trianj^ulcir  spot  an<l  an  oi>liipie  Htrnuk  beginning  at  tliu 
posterior  margin,  liyaline;  ])osteriur  corner  and  alula  grayish.  Long. 
Corp.  0.25;  cum  terebri  0.32—0.34;  long.  al.  0.22— (i.25. 

Btn.  Mii.tra  iiirta  FxnRiciua,  Ent.  Syst.  IV,  p.  355,  175. 
Liclyii  piitii  Fabkicius,  Syst.  Antl.  p   330,  18. 
Tiphritiii  conica  Fabbuios,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  'MS,  10, 
Tr/iiietn  pictd  Wied.  Auss.  Zweill.  If,  p.  4S0,  20. 
Dtlphinia  thniai-icti  R.  DRflVoinv,  Myod.  p.  720,  1. 
Cami'Umeura  pirla  Macq.  Dipt,  lixot.  II,  3,  p.  20l.     Tab.  XXVII,  f.  4. 
Tri/iiela  picta  Walk.  List,  IV,  p.  1041. 

Head  and  thorax  chcstnnt-bfowiiish  or  rcdilisli  clicstnut-lMvnvn  ; 
thoracic  dorsum  soinctimcs  darker  brown;  ulxlonien  always  Idack 
or  brownish-black.  Front  opacnie,  usually  more  ferruyiiioii.s-red 
than  orange-rod,  somotimes  darker,  with  a  very  narrow  border  of 
white  pollen  along  the  orbits  ;  this  border  also  extends  owv  the 
face,  but  although  broader  here,  it  is  less  distinct,  or  at  least 
more  perceptible  only  a  little  distance  below  the  aiiteniue.  Tlio 
remainder  of  the  face  is  a  little  pollinoso  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
enncB  only.  The  third  antennal  joint  is  usually  stronu;Iy  in- 
fu.-cated,  with  ilic  exception  of  its  basis.  Thoracic  dorsum  with  a 
grayish-whito  pollen,  which  does  not  form  any  distinct  stripes, 
\^hile  the  ground  color  of  the  broad  intermediate  stripe  is  often 
darker  than  its  surroundings,  so  that  it  beconies  distinctly  visil)lo. 
Feet  yellowish-brown,  tarsi  strongly  infuscated  towards  their  tip. 
Halteres  whitish-yellow.  Wings  comi)aratively  large  and  broad 
with  a  rather  strongly  projecting  posterior  angle,  and  a  rather 
narrow  alula;  at  the  anterior  margin  there  is  an  excision,  which 
is  very  conspicuous,  although  it  forms  only  au  obtuse  angle  ;  it  is 


♦  *■ 


m 


>  .■':.  /Kt  < 


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' '  '■). 
••  'I 


-{.•V 


H\ 


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.  t  ■*.  .,'■  . 

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■n 


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"Is.  JN, 


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■■■>^]|: 


I.  ■'','.'.1. 


110 


^IPTERA   OP    NOUTII   AMERICA. 


[part  111. 


1*  U'  m'-; 


caused  by  considerable  sinuous  expansion  of  the  costal  cell ;  the 
second  Inngitudiiial  vein  is  very  eonsi)icuousIy  arcuated  ;  the  two 
crossveiiis  are  rather  approximated  and  perpendicular,  the  poste- 
rior one  siiiiicwhat  curved  ;  the  posterior  auj^le  of  the  diseal  etll 
is  acute.     The  coloring  of  the  winjrs   is   blaekisli-brovvn,  nioi'o 
yellowi.sli-browu  near  the  root,  grayi.sh  in  the  posterior  an;::lc ;  mi 
the  anterior  margin  there  are  two  triangular  hyaline  spots,  which 
attain  the  third  longitudinal  vein  more  or  less  completely  with 
their  very  sharp  points ;  tlie  first  of  these  spots  covers,  near  its 
anterior  end,  the  tip  of  the  costal  cell  and  the  basis  of  the  stigma, 
while  the  second  is  immediately  beyond  the  stigma;    the  dark 
crossband  between  these  two  spots  is  tinged  with  brownish-yel- 
low inside  of  the  marginal  cell,  with  the  exception  of  a  brown 
border,  wliieli  becomes  narrower  towards  the  first  longitudinal 
vein.     Tlie  stigma,  towards  its  end,  gradually  assumes  the  sumo 
brownish-yellow  coloring,  so  that  the  first  hyaline  spot  has  no 
well-defined  limit  within  it.     TTpon  the  middle  of  the  wing  there 
are  two  hyaline  drops,  elongated  in  a  direction  perpendicular  to 
the  axis  of  the  wing;  the  one  is  in  the  diseal  cell,  somewhat  this 
side  of  the  small  crossvein,  the  other  in  the  first  posterior  cell, 
over  the  posterior  crossvein.     On  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
wing,  in  the  second  posterior  cell,  there  is  a  triangular  spot,  con- 
cave  towards  the  apex  of  the  wing,  convex  on  the  other  sitle, 
which  is  near  the  posterior  crossvein  and  separated  by  a  narrow, 
brownish  border  from  It.     The  sharp  point  of  this  spot  is  directed 
towards  the  dot  in  the  first  posterior  cell,  and  is  often  connoctt'd 
with  it,  while,  in  other  specimens,  it  does  not  even  reach  the 
fourth  posterior  vein.     Near  the  basis  of  the  wing  there  is  a 
narrow,  oblique,  hyaline  streak,  beginning  in  the  first  basal  cell, 
crossing  the  end  of  the  second  basal  cell  and  entering  the  third 
posterior  cell ;  here  it  runs  along  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  and 
thus  reaches  the  margin  of  the  wing,  where  it  becomes  a  little 
grayish. 

Ilab.  United  States,  common. 

Ohscrvafion. — The  description  which  Fabricius  gives  of  liis 
Miiscajncta  in  the  Entonwlogia  Si/Kfcmatica  might  suggest  doubts 
as  to  its  identity  with  the  above  described  species,  doubts,  Imu- 
cver,  which  I  hold  to  be  without  foundation.  First  of  all,  it  is 
certain  that  "Wiedemann's  Tnjpeta  picta  is  identical  with  owr 
species;  his  description,  as  well  as  the  types  of  his  collection, 


V  -'MP 


>^f! 


ORTAIilD^ — DTACEITA. 


Ill 


pnivps  it  conclusively.  Not  less  certain,  according  to  inj'  opinion, 
is  tlie  fact  lliiit  Wiedemann  s  Tri/peta  pivta  and  the  'fephriliti 
conica  of  Fabrieius's  Systeina  Antliatoruin  are  synonyms. 
What  Wiedemann  says  about  the  feet  of  his  Trypeta  pida  deiirlv 
proves  tliat  he  had  examined  the  type  in  Fabrieius's  collection  ; 
moreover,  Fabrieius's  description  contains  nothing  to  render  this 
identilicatioo  of  Tephritis  conira  doubtful.  In  the  preface  to  his 
fu'st  volume,  Wiedemann  gives  a  large  number  of  synonymic  and 
systematic  emendations,  the  result  of  the  examination  of  Fabri- 
eius's collection,  undertaken  by  him;  among  them  we  find  the 
statement  that  Tephritis  conica  and  Dicti/a  j)kla  are  the  same 
species.  But  as  Dicti/a  pivta  of  the  Systema  Antliatoruin  is 
nothing  else  but  the  Mut^ca  pivta  of  the  Entomologia  Systema- 
tica, the  synonymy  of  Musca  pivta  F.  with  Trypcia  piria  Wied. 
and  the  above  described  Gamptonvura  jnvta  seems  to  be  sutlici- 
ently  established.  The  correctness  of  this  view  seems  coidirmed 
by  the  fact,  that  Muitca  pivta  F.  was  described  from  a  North 
American  specimen,  and  that  hitherto,  besides  Camploneura 
pivta,  which  has  a  wide  range  and  is  a  common  species,  no  other 
North  American  species  is  known  which  might  come  iu  conflict 
with  it. 

Gen.  III.  DIACRITA  Oerst. 

Charact. — Body  rather  rolmst.  Pubescence  everywhere  very  short ;  tlior?';^ 
with  some  bristles  upon  the  posterior  and  latcrat  iiiarains  only. 
AnteniKE  of  uiedium  length;  the  oval  third  joint  longer  than  tlie  only 
moilerately  sized  second  joint.  The  face,  retreating  above  between 
the  rather  short  antennal  foveae,  and  obtu.sely  carinate ;  below,  it 
is  again  projecting  and  convex. 
Piilpi  rather  large,  tnentum  swollen. 

Wlnfis  narrow  and  long,  the  first  longitudinal  vein  bristly  at  its  end 
only;  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  converging  towards 
the  end;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a  very  long 
point. 

This  genns  contains  brown  or  brownish-yellow  species,  rather 
opaque  on  account  of  the  pollen  which  covers  them  ;  the  thorn x 
is  usually  spotted  with  black  ;  the  wings,  on  the  anterior  margin 
and  the  apex,  have  a  broad  black  border. 

1.  D.  costalis  GIrrst.  %  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  14.)  Fusca,  poUine  cinereo 
aspersa.  thoracis  inac'ilis  nigris  ante  snturani  n«x,  pone  suturani  duabns, 
biuisque  minutissiinid  utrinque  adjectis. 


,!'*-     . 


!'■ 


It.  '  'h'^ 


;  » 


:'•.  /■'':  •»■■    ;■    .;:.  ,:Vri. 


I. 


■'   I' 


»;   , 


■■■'<■ 


*■■■■   ■■-*' 


■    L  ■•  '•■■ 


:,^-  :»i 


^':i 


i.. 


,1^ 


'* . .  ■ . 


:'\ 


112 


DIPTERA   OP   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


1:':  I  U' 


Ill   ^ 


■■■  '!i: 


;  f 


;ii 


Almost  chocolate-brown,  with  a  grayish  pollen;  thoracic  dorsum  with  six 
black  spots  before  the  suture  and  with  two  beyond  it,  to  whiL-h  ar« 
added  on  each  side  two  very  small  dots.  Long.  corp.  0.32;  long.  ul. 
0.:i7. 

Syn.  Diacrila  costalis  Gebst.  Stett.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  xxi,  p.  197.     Tab.  II. 

Almost  chocolate-brown,  covered  with  a  whitish-gray  polk-u 
and  opaque.  Head  dark-yellow,  the  upper  part  of  the  ueciput 
generally  brownish-yellow;  the  broad  front,  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
ocelli  and  in  front  of  these,  more  reddish-yellow  ;  on  both  sides, 
near  the  orbit,  there  is  a  rather  hirge,  shallow  impression,  covered 
with  white  pollen  ;  on  tiie  anterior  end  of  the  front  there  is  a 
small  triangular  spot,  covered  with  snow-white  pollen.  Inniie- 
diately  below  each  of  these  spots,  upon  the  face,  there  is  a  velvet- 
black  round  spot,  contiguous  with  the  orl>it,  and  ininiedititely 
below  the  latter  a  spot  covered  with  snow-white  pollen.  The 
upi)er  part  of  the  face,  which  is  carinatc  and  retreating,  has,  on 
each  side,  a  transverse  spot,  clothed  with  white  pollen.  In  tlic 
same  way,  the  posterior  orbit  of  the  eyes  has  a  pollinose  white 
border,  which  also  extends  over  the  cheeks  in  the  shapi;  of  a 
stri[)e.  The  antennae  are  almost  ochre-yellow,  their  third  joint 
elongated-oval ;  the  basal  joint  of  the  arista  is  so  short  as  to  he 
almost  imperceptible;  the  second  joint  is  comparatively  long,  both 
dark  ochre-yellow;  the  third  joint  is  blackish,  with  the  exception 
of  its  extreme  basis ;  in  the  vicinity  of  the  basis,  it  is  as  stout  as 
the  first  two  joints,  more  attenuated  afterwards,  and  clothed  with 
an  extremely  short  pul)escence.  The  humeral  callosities  are 
brownish-yellow,  and  rather  shining ;  thoracic  dorsum  marked 
with  moderately  large,  ronnded-oval,  brownish-black  spots  ;  before 
the  region  of  the  transverse  suture  there  are  six  of  them,  arranjrcd 
in  two  regular  transverse  rows;  beyond  this  region  there  are 
two  approximated  spots,  the  interval  of  which  is  equal  to  that 
between  the  spots  of  the  first  two  rows;  moreover,  behind  the 
region  of  the  suture,  on  each  side,  may  be  noticed  two  very  small, 
almost  punctiform  dots,  placed  one  behind  the  other;  of  tho-o, 
the  anterior  one  is  situated  before,  the  posterior  one  at  an  equal 
distance  behind  the  last  two  of  the  larger  spots.  The  coloring 
of  the  convex  scutellum,  which  is  l)eset  with  four,  not  very  long 
bristles,  approaches  the  ehestnnt-red.  The  feet  are  concolorous 
with  the  remainder  of  the  body ;  an  admixture  of  yellow  is  per- 
ceptible on  the  first  joint  of  the  tarsi  only.     Halteres  whitish- 


■'^l 

■'^m 


ORTALID/E — UIACUIXA. 


1:8 


yellow.     Wings  comparatively  long  and  narrow,  of  a  very  equal 
breadth,  in  iLio  iiiiddlo  only  a  little  broader  than  at  the  basisj  and 
at  the  apex;  stigma  strikingly  long;  the  third  longitudinal  ^■ein 
gLiitly  eurved  baekwards  towards  the  tip,  and  hei.ce,  the  .subuiar- 
ginul  cell  very  much  expanded  towards  its  end  ;  the  cro.ssveins 
very   distant  from   each    other;    the   fourth    longitudinal   vein, 
towards  its  end,  gently  bent  forward,  and  hence,  the  first  poste- 
rior cell  narrowed  towards  its  end ;  the  posterior  anglo  of  the 
anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  a  narrow  lobe,  which  is  consideraI)ly 
longer  than  the  cell  itself.     The  surface  of  the  wing  is  bright, 
sliining,  hyaline,  upon  its  posterior  half  only  with  a  weak  trace 
of  a  grayish-brown  tinge.     The  design  on  the  wing  consists  of  a 
broad,  black,  or  blackish-ln'own  border  of  the  costal  margin  and 
of  the  apex;  the  po.stei'inr  limit  of  this  border  runs,  at  the  basis 
of  the  wing,  along  the  liflh  longitudinal  vein  ;  at  the  I)asis  of  the 
discal  cell,   it  suddenly   turns  towards  the  fourth   l';ngitudinal 
vein,  and,  after  running  alongside  of  it  for  a  short  distance,  it 
turns  suddenly  towards  the  third  longi'udinal  vein,  alongside  of 
which  it  runs  as  far  as  a  little  beyond  the  small  crossvein,  here, 
just  opposite  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  it  abruptly 
turns  towards  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  leaves  open  a  snuUl 
segment  of  a  circle  just  above  it,  returns  towards  the  second  vein, 
follows  it  for  some  distance,  and,  abruptly  turning  again,  crosses 
the  submarginal   and  lirst  posterior  cells,  turning  towards  the 
apex  in  the  vicinity  of  the  fourth  vein,  alongside  of  which  it 
reaches  the  margin.     This  border  is  pereeptil)ly  broader  at  the 
tip  than  along  the  anterior  margin,  and  can  therefore  also  bo 
descriljed  as  a  large  spot,  entirely  confluent  with  the  border  along 
the  anterior  margin.     Inside  of  the  dark  anterior  border,  there 
are  three  small,  almost  hyaline  spots  ;  the  first  lies  at  the  end  of 
the  second  l)asal  cell,  the  second,  almost  cuneiform,  is   in  the 
marginal  cell,  before  the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  the 
third  at  the  extreme  tip  of  the  costal  cell  ;  in  the  marginal  cell, 
beyond  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  between  the  small 
hyaline  spot  in  the  shape  of  a  segment  of  a  circle  and  the  costa, 
there  is  a  spot,  tinged  with  yellowish-brown  ;  the  broad  l)lack 
border  along  the  apex  is  sometimes  a  little  diluted  in  its  middle. 
If<il).  Mexico  (Germar). 

OhKci'valion. — In  the  register  of  the  second  part  of  Wiedc- 
luaau's  Aussereur.  Zwoifl.  Insecteu,  there  is  a  Platydumacoslalis, 
8 


■f.  '«■-•■'.  ■.  , 


.«  -     *  " . 


■:.ft.,-'. 


^^^'r 


,:■  ■•/r>.i«: 


•:-■.  ^.w 

'■■■  ■'     '    0;./ 


•;''*>'Vi. 


M 


' ■ .'  •  ■,-■.. 

'■  .    'J. ' 
'■'■'.  •  >-<.. 


i%'-:^'  ■ 


.  I 


iii 


'!: 


;■]» 


■I': 


114  DlI'TEllA    OF    NOKTU    AMERICA.  [I'AUT  III. 

which  is  not  described  in  the  work  itself.     AViedeniaun's  collec- 
tion proves  that  this  species  is  identical  with  the  present  one. 

3.  D.  aeniula  n.  sp.  J.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  15.)  Lutea,  thoracis  dorso 
fusco,  luaculis  nigris  ante  sutnram  qiiatuor,  pone  suturani  nullis. 

Clay-yi'llow,  dorsum  of  the  thorax  brown,  with  four  browu  spots  btfoio 
the  transverse  suture  and  none  beyond  it.  Long.  corp.  0.25;  cuii>. 
terebra  0.3(J ;  long.  al.  C.31. 

Very  like  the  preceding  in  all  plastic  characters.    Almost  more 
ochre-yellow  than  cla^'-yellow,  the  thoracic  dorsum  alone  strongly 
iiifuscated.     T'.e  front,  as  in  1).  coftali.^,  has  on  each  side,  iiciir 
the  orbit,  a  shallow  impression,  clothed  with  white  pollen  ;  bthnv 
it  is  a  round,  velvet-black  spot,  and  iuiniediately  below  the  latter 
again  a  si)ot  of  snow-white  pollen,  only  the  black  spot  is  snuilkr 
than  in  the  preceding  species;  also  the  two  snow-white  transverse 
spots  on  the  upper  part  of  the  face  are  ajjpareiit,  as  in  I),  coiilalit!. 
On  the  thoracic  dorsum  there  are  not  six,  l)ut  only  four  roimdid 
oval  velvet-black  spots  before  the  transverse  suture,  which  corre- 
spond to  the  outward  ones  of  the  preceding  species ;  there  is  no 
trace  of  black  spots  on  the  other  side  of  the  suture.     The  scutil- 
lum  is  convex  and  has  four  bristles ;  the  large  first  segnuMit  of 
the  flattened  ovipositor  is  brownish-yellow,  long,  only  moderately 
attenuated  towards  its  end.     Feet  of  the  same  coloring  with  tlie 
remainder  of  the  body;    the  tarsi   only   moderately   infuscjited 
towards  their  end.     Ilalteres  whitish-yellow.    Wings  of  the  same 
shape  as  in  D.  costalis,  only  less  long,  especially  their  second 
lialf  less  elongate,  so  that  the  small  crossvein  is  somewhat  nearer 
the  tip  of  the  wing  than  in  D.  costalis,  and  that  the  last  section 
of  the  longitudinal  veins,  ending  in  the  apex  of  the  wing,  is 
shorter ;  otherwise  the  venation  almost  entirely  agrees  with  that 
of  D.  costalis.     The  surface  of  the  wing  is  hyaline  ;  its  posterior 
half  strongly  tinged  with  a  smoky -brownish.    The  brownish-black 
design  resembles  that  of  the  preceding  species,  differs,  however, 
from  it  by  the  dark  border  along  the  ai>ex  being  much  narrower; 
the  posterior  limit  of  the  border  along  the  oosta  is  also  siniihir 
to  that  in  the  preceding  species,  l)ut  not  quite  identical ;  especially 
where,  in  D.  costalis,  this  limit  crosses  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  and  leaves  on  the  other  side  a  hyaline  segment  of  a  circle; 
instead  of  the  latter  there  is  here  only  an  iiidisiinct  paler  dot  and 
between  this  and  the  costa  no  s])ot  of  a  paler  coloring  ;  the  iLroe 


I,V 


1  ' 


ORTALlDiE — IDANA. 


115 


hyaline  dots,  contained  within  the  black  border  of  the  costa,  are 
much  less  clear  in  the  present  species,  especially  the  first  and  the 
third  among  them. 
Hab.  California  (Agassiz). 

G«n.  IV.  IDAIVA  nov.  gen. 

Charact, — Body  robust.  Hairs  very  short  everywhere ;  thorax  with 
bristles  on  ita  posterior  and  lateral  borders  only. 

Antenna:  of  medium  size;  third  joint  oval,  but  little  longer  than 
the  rather  large  second  joint.  Face  obtusely  cariuate  between  the 
very  long  anteunal  fovea. 

P'llpi  of  moderate  size  ;  the  nicntum  moderately  turgid. 

Wings  narrow  and  very  long;  first  longitudinal  vein  towards  its  end 
provided  with  bristles  to  a  considerable  extent ;  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins  converging  towards  their  end;  anal  cell  not 
drawn  out  in  the  shape  of  a  lobe. 

This  genus  contains  conspicuous  pollinose  species ;  their  thorax 
is  marked  with  distinct  black  stripes  and  the  abdomen  banded 
with  black,  the  design  of  the  wings  not  unlike  the  genus  Ftero- 
poecila,  while  the  general  shape  of  the  body  reminds  of  the  true 
species  of  Ortalis. 

1.  I.  marginata  Say.  J.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  16.)  Alse  colore  fusco- 
nigro  et  luteo  pulchre  variegatse,  imk  cellulae  marginalis  basi,  trieute 
apicali  cellulae  basalis  priiuae,  cellulisque  posterioribus  duabus  primis 
prseter  veuarum  limbos  pure  hyalinis,  angulo  postico  et  cellula  poste- 
riore  tertia  fere  tot4  ciuereo-hyalinis. 

The  wings  with  a  handsome  brownish-black  and  brownish-yellow  picture; 
the  extreme  basis  of  the  marginal  cell,  the  last  third  of  the  first  basal 
cell,  as  well  as  the  first  two  posterior  cells,  pure  hyaline,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  the  borders  of  the  veins,  inclosing  them;  the  posterior  angle 
and  the  greater  part  of  the  third  posterior  cell  grayish  hyaline.  Long. 
Corp.  0.34 ;  cum  terebrS.  0.45  ;  long.  al.  0.4<3  lin. 

Sys.  Ortalis  marginata  Sat,  Journ.  Acad.  Phila.  VI,  p.  183,  2. 

Head  reddish-yellow.  Front  orange-yellow,  opaque,  with  the 
exception  of  the  immediate  pro.ximity  of  the  ocelli  and  of  the  two 
little  callosities,  descending  from  the  vertex  and  bearing  the 
frontal  bristles;  the  sides  more  orango-red,  usually  infuscated 
above  the  antennae;  on  each  side  a  rather  narrow  border  of  yel- 
lowish pollen.  Antennae  of  medium  len^'-th;  the  first  two  joints 
of  the  coloring  of  the  head;  the  second  rather  large;  the  third 
almost  orauge-yellow,  of  an  oval  shape,  and  but  little  longer  than 


■"V 


il'v  '■■ 


•V    , 


,<*• 


:t 


i',.  y 


I. 

V. 


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\t  ■    I         -  » •  * 


■Ai 

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'    .  .  '  ^  1  vl3 

•■■  .  "  {-AMI 

":'^--  ■-;:•. l^i■ 

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.  .  .>  ■-''.  'V.,  ■X'l' 
■'■■    '  \   '■    •.'*!'^ .  ' 

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,,     .    'r 


"'■. . 


116 


DII'TEllA   OF    NOIITII    AMKUICA. 


[taut  hi. 


I*'U 


■,••♦.1 


if 


.r 

I'    •■  ■      ■-     ,  .')• 

1 


the  second;  iirista  of  nu'diuiu  loiigth,  with  a  short,  hut,  (listinct 
pubusceiice.  The  vortical  diameter  of  the  eyes  mure  than  twice 
the  leiigtii  of  the  horizontal  one.  Face  with  very  deep  and  l(iii>>: 
antennal  foveie,  which  run  down  in  a  perpendicular  directiun; 
their  hottoni  is  tinged  with  brownish-black.  The  face,  between 
the  foveie,  is  strongly,  the  lower  part  sharply  "arinate,  and  tlial 
in  such  a  manner  that  in  j)rofde  the  face  runs  down  pirpendicu- 
larly  and  in  a  straight  line.  Cheeks  broad;  at  the  lower  coiinr 
of  the  eye  with  an  infuscated  spot.  Oral  opening  rather  huge, 
somewhat  drawn  up  above,  so  that  the  strongly  developcil, 
although  transversely  narrow,  elypeus,  projects  a  great  dial 
beyond  the  peristomiuui.  The  reddish-yellow  palpi  rather  large, 
broader  towards  the  end;  tlie  brown  proboscis  of  medium  stmu- 
liess  and  the  reddish-yellow  chin  only  moderately  swollen.  The 
whole  occiput  is  strongly  and  evenly  convex.  Thora.x  compara- 
tively stout,  but  not  strongly  convex,  distinctly  narrowed  aiitr- 
riorly.  Thoracic  dorsum  with  a  very  dense,  almost  oclire-yeiliiw 
dust,  and  with  wcU-delined  black  longitudinal  stripes;  lateral 
border,  and  usually  also  the  anterior  one,  chestnut-brownish  or 
more  chestnut-red  ;  the  intermediate  stripe,  running  at  an  eimal 
breadth  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  border,  is  divided  in 
two  halves  by  a  strii)e-shaped  intermediate  line,  which  is  of  the 
same  breadth  with  both  halves  of  the  intermediate  stripe  itself; 
the  lateral  stripes,  which  are  but  very  little  abbreviated  anteriorly 
and  posteriorly,  are  crossed  by  the  yellowish-iiollinose  transverse 
suture;  their  posterior  part  moreover  has  alongside  of  it  a  black 
longitudinal  stripe,  which  is  not  distinctly  separated  from  the 
anterior  part  of  the  lateral  stripe.  I'leurai  chestnut-brownish, 
about  their  middle  with  a  broad  longitudinal  stripe,  which  is 
clothed  with  pale  ochre-yellowish  pollen  and  gradually  disai)pears 
posteriorly.  Scutellum  brownish-yellow.  Abdomen  black,  but 
little  shining,  more  or  less  chestnut-reddish  at  the  extreme  basis 
and  on  the  sides  of  the  first  two  segments ;  the  second  and  each 
of  the  following  segments  have  a  crossband,  of  a  dingy  ochre-yul- 
low,  very  thickly  laid  dust,  occupying  almost  the  whole  of  their 
anterior  half,  and  narrowed  on  each  aide.  The  first  segmejit  of 
the  ovipositor  is  black,  flat,  broad,  nevertheless  strongly  attenuated 
towards  its  end.  Feet  brownish-yellow,  tarsi  strongly,  but 
gradually  infuscated  towards  the  end.  Haltercs  yellowish.  The 
wings  strikingly  elongated,  of  a  comparatively  small  and  rather 


[,\X 


■•    'i 


ORTALID.E — IDAVA. 


in 


equal  breadth  ;  stij^ma  ratlior  long  Imt  not  l)roa(l ;  tlie  crossveins 
fiir<listaiit  fritin  cacli  other;  tlie  pnsUTior  cnissvcin  ratlier  uldique, 
its  aiitrrior  eiiil  nearer  the  apex  of  the  wing  than  the  posUirior 
cikI  ;  lonrtii  longitiidiinil  vein  strongly  bent  forward  towards  the 
end  ;  tlie  first  posterior  cell  eonsiderably  narrowed  in  coiisetpienoo 
towards  the  apex  ;   jtosterior  angle  of  tlu;  anal  cell  pointed,  but 
not  dravNMi  out  in  the  shape  of  a  lobe.     The  picture  of  the  witigs 
consists,  ns  to  cidor,  of  brownish-black  and  brownish-yellow  and 
some  hyaline  cells  of  a  peculiar  shape.     The  root  of  the  wiiig.'^  is 
yellow,  a.s  far  as  the  origin  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein;  the 
extreme  basis,  however,  is  strongly  infiiscated  ;  there  is  a  rather 
dark-brown  crossband  in  the  region  of  the  humeral  crossvein,  and 
the  basis  of  the  marginal  cell  is  hyaline.     A  dark-brown  color 
follows  next,  the  first  portion  of  which  forms  a  curved  crossband, 
reaching  Itackwards  as  far  as  the  posterior  l)asal  crossvein;  ante- 
riorly it  is  prolonged  in  the  marginal  cell,  as  far  as  the  end  of  the 
first  longitudinal  vein,  where  it  stt)i)s  short  abruptly.    After  sonic 
interrujjtion,  the  brownish-black  color  forms  a  broad  border  of  the 
anterior  margin,  beginning  somewliat  aliove  the  posterior  cross- 
vein,  which  does  not  only  occupy  the  whole  bri'adth  of  the  margi- 
nal cell,  but  also  encroaches  on  the  subniarginal  cell,  follows  the 
apex  of  the  wing  at   '  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  as  far  as  the 
small  crossvein  and  also  covers  the  latter;  posteriorly,  it  not  only 
runs  along  the  posterior  crossvein  and  extends  over  the  end   of 
the  discal  cell,  but  follows  also  some  distance  along  the  end  of  the 
fifth  longitudinal  vein,  upon  its  posterior  side;  the  third  longitu- 
dinal ve>:i  is  bordered  with  browiiisli-l)lack  upon  its  whole  length. 
The  portions  of  the  marginal,  sul)niarginal  and  discal  cells,  free 
from  the  bro\vnish-i)laek  color,  are  tinged  with  brownish-yellow; 
the  first  basal  cell,  as  'veil  as  the  first  two  posterior  cells,  are 
hyaline.    The  alula,  as  wcdl  as  the  anal  angle  of  the  wing  and  the 
adjoining  portion  of  the  third   posterior  cell,  is  grayish-hyaline, 
with  a  tinge  of  yellow;  the  posterior  side  of  the  fifth  longitudinal 
vein  has  a  brownish-yellow  border,  the  middle  of  the  third  poste- 
rior coll  is  rather  pure  hyaline,  only  more  grayish  towards  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  wing. 
Hab.  Virginia,  Pennsylvania  (Osten-Sacken). 


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118 


DIPTKHA   OP   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


Fourth  Section:  Ortalina. 


..  ''M 


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(I    : 


Gen.  I.  AUTOMOL4  gen.  no7. 

Charaet. — Front  broad,  very  lumh  narrowed  anteriorly.  Eyes  ratlit;r 
large,  slightly  protruding,  irregularly  rounded.  Facu  in  prolile 
somewhat  concave,  obtusely  carinute  between  the  distinut  anteiiual 
fove».  The  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth  very  much  drawn  ui)war(U, 
BO  that  the  rather  strongly  developed  clypeus  projects  cousi<k-ral)iy 
beyond  it.     Cheeks  broad. 

Antunnve  reaching  beyond  the  middle  of  the  face;  the  fir:st  two  joints 
short ;  the  narrow  third  joint  more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  tir.-t 
two  taken  together,  rounded  at  the  end ;  antenual  arista  tliiu, 
slightly  stronger  at  the  basis  only,  with  a  very  short  pubescence. 

Thoracic  dorsum  not  bristly  on  its  middle,  before  the  region  of  the 
transverse  suture.  The  tibiffi,  before  the  end  of  their  upper  side, 
with  a  prseapical  bristle. 

Thejirst  longitudinal  vein  bristly  before  its  end ;  the  auxiliary  vein 
very  much  approximated  to  it ;  the  costa  more  or  less  incrassateil 
beyond  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein ;  the  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins  parallel  towards  their  end  ;  the  crossveins  not 
approximated  ;  the  second  basal  oell  and  the  anal  cell  compara- 
tively rather  small,  the  latter  rounded  at  the  end  ;  the  sixth  longi- 
tudinal vein  complete,  but  remarkably  shoit,  and  hence,  the  anal 
angle  of  the  wing  very  small;  alula  comparatively  large. 

The  genus  Automola  contains  unmetallic  species.  The  picture 
of  their  wings  generally  consists  in  bhick  spots  upon  the  root  of 
tiie  wings  and  three  black  crossbands,  the  first  of  which  is  only 
at  a  short  distance  from  the  basis,  while  the  second  runs  over  the 
posterior  crossvein  and  the  third  lies  between  the  second  and  the 
ape.x  of  the  wing;  these  bands  being  more  or  less  incomplete,  ur 
the  second  and  third  expanding  or  even  coalescing  into  one  large 
spot,  give  rise  to  different  modifications  of  the  design  of  the  wings. 

Ortalis  atomaria  Wied.  and  trijanciata  Wied.  from  Brazil, 
may  be  considered  as  the  types  of  the  genus.  !North  Araerieau 
species  have  not  been  discovered  yet. 

I  have  already  had  occasion  to  mention  in  the  Introduction 
that  Automola,  on  account  of  the  pneajjical  bristles  on  the  tibia), 
which  distinguish  it  from  the  other  genera,  is  not  very  well 
placed  in  the  family  of  Ortalidae. 


^:l!vi  % 


■    r 


'i^i 


OIITALID.E — TETAN0P8. 


Gen.  II.  TETA.\'OPS  Fall. 


119 


Charact. — Fron/ of  a  considerable  ami  uni form  breadth.  Eyes  ronnded- 
oval,  or  oviil.  Face  Htroiigly  projecting  in  profile,  mure  or  [fus 
retreating  below.  Clypeiia  small,  but  projecting  beyomi  the  ed>^e 
of  tlte  mouth.  Oral  opening  comparatively  small ;  proboscis  but 
little  incrassated. 

The  hairs  and  brixtlea  on  the  body  remarkably  short,  especially  the 
bristles  of  the  prothorax  much  smaller  than  in  any  otiier  genus 
among  tiie  Ortulina ;  thoracic  dorsum  upou  its  middle  only  poste- 
riorly with  a  few  bristles. 

Antennas  short,  sometimes  strikingly  short;  third  joint  oval,  longer 
than  the  second. 

First  longitudinal  vfin  bristly  towards  its  end  only;  the  crossveins 
rather  distant;  the  seirond  and  third  longitudinal  veins  parallel 
towards  their  end,  or  only  gently  convergent;  posterior  angle  of 
the  anal  cell  pointed,  but  not  prolonged  in  the  sliape  of  a  lobe. 

The  North  Anierk'an  species  of  Telanops  arc  distinguished 
from  the  European  ones  by  the  more  distinct  and  sliarper  ante- 
rior edge  of  tlie  mouth,  while  in  the  lattrr  the  anterior  end  of  the 
oral  opening  hardly  shows  a  distinct  margin  As  one  of  the 
American  specios,  known  to  me,  has,  moreover,  the  vertical 
diameter  of  the  eyes  cohsideraljly  larger  than  the  f]uropean 
species,  I  was  for  some  time  in  doubt,  whether  it  would  not  be 
better  to  separate  geuerically  the  North  American  from  the 
European  species.  Nevertheless,  they  possess  enough  characters 
in  common,  to  render  such  a  separation,  at  least  for  the  present, 
unnecessary.  Besides  the  stout  head,  with  the  very  broad  front, 
the  striking  bareness  of  the  whole  body  and  the  great  shortness 
of  the  prothoracic  bristle,  the  absence  of  any  picture  on  the  wings, 
except  some  very  ftint  spots  along  the  cosla,  easily  distinguishes 
the  species  of  Tctanops. 


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1.  T.  iuridipcnnis  n.  sp.  %  9  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  17.)  Frons  prfeter 
vittaiii  uiediam  punctata;  ala;  sordide  lutescei^tes,  ad  costam  obsoletis- 
siiue  hirido-uiaculatae. 

Front,  with  the  exception  of  a  median  stripe,  punctate;  wings  of  a  dingy 
clay-yellow,  with  very  indistinct  brownish-clay-yellow  spots  along  the 
costa.     Lonp;.  corp.  %  ,  0.21 ;  9  cum  terebr4  0.28—0.32;  long.  al.  0.18. 

Head  reddish-yellow.  The  very  broad  front  more  red  ;  it  has 
a  small  median  stripe,  which  is  not  pollinose,  and  has,  on  each 
side,  a  brown  border ;  the  latter  sometimes  becomes  indistinct 


..  <  .■■rr-L- 


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120 


DIPTERA    OP    NOIITII    AMKRICA. 


[I'AUT  riT. 


r 


4, 


li    ■    r.; 


•M 


nl)ov(',  niid,  on  the  anterior  part  of  the  front,  is  somewiiut  tiiriicil 
sidewiiys,  freiierully  also  more  expiiiMlcd  and  darker.     'I'lie  sides 
of  tiie  front,  each  of  whieh  is  nearly  doultle  tlie  hreadll)  (»('  tiie 
iiie(lian  stripe,  are  covered  with  wliile  pollen,  rendered  eriljrose 
by  a  dense  punclation  of  polleidess  dots,  so  that  of  the  pollinnso 
surface,  notidnp^   but   a  network  is  loft.     The  face,  in    ]>rolil(', 
projects  very  nuicli  in  front  of  the  eyes,  and  retreats  very  cnn- 
siderahly  Ijelnw;  its  intermediate  portion  is,  as  in  all  the  s])eciis 
of   Tftanojis,  comparatively  narrow.     The   antennal  fovcie   arc 
deep  and  sharply  delined,  shining'-black,  except  on  their  uppi-r 
portion.     Kyes  rounded-(jval ;    cheeks  very   broad.     The   upper 
part  of  the  occiput    is  clothed  with  white  pollen;  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  orl)its  and  of  the  edge  of  the  vertex  this  pollen  is  likewi.-e 
interrupted  by  punctifornt  poUenless  dots.     Antennie  yelhiwish- 
red,  the  third  joint,  with  the  exception  of  the  basal  third,  more 
or  less  infuscaled.     Although  the  ground  color  of  the  thorax  is 
shining-black  or  brownish-black,  it  is,  with  the  exception  of  the 
humeri,  concealed  by  a  thick  grayish-white  pollen,  sometimes 
yellowish  on  the  thoracic  dorsum;  numerous  punctiform,  pnlk'n- 
less  dots  interrupt  this  ])ollen  and  give  it  a  cribrose  aitpenriuice ; 
the  region  of  the  prothoracic  spiracle  alone  is  free  from  these 
dots.     The  pollen  covering  the  scutellum  is  similar  in  coloring 
to  that  of  the  thorax,  but  it  is,  to  a  considerable  extent,  much 
less  thick  upon  its  sides.     The  abdomen  has  the  same  color  and 
the  same  pollinose  surface,  interrupted  by  punctiform,  pollenless 
dots,  as  the  thorax,  but  the  pollen  is  a  little  less  thick  and  the 
punctiform  dots  a  little  larger,  so  that,   here  and  there,  they 
coalesce  and  the  ground  color  becomes  more  apparent.    The  lirst 
segment  of  the  flattened  ovipositor  is  shiinn*  black,  very  broad, 
rather  strongly  attenuated,  however,  towards  its  end.     Femora 
blackish-brown,  the  tip  of  the  front  ones  yellowish-red  to  a  small, 
the  tip  of  the  hindmost  ones  to  a  greater  extent.     Front  tibiie 
blackish-brown,  with  a  yellowish-red  basis;  middle  tibiae  usually 
entirely  yellowish-red  or  but  little  infuscated  towards  their  end  ; 
hind  tibia?  l)lackish  brown,  with  a  yellowish-red  basis  and  gene- 
rally also  the  extreme  tip  of  the  same  color.     Tarsi  yellowish-red 
at  the  basis,  the  front  ones  from  about  the  tip  of  the  first  joint, 
the  posterior  ones  from  about  the  tip  of  the  second  or  third  joint, 
blackish-brown.    Wings  of  a  dingy  clay-yellow,  almost  brownish 
in  fully  colored  specimens,  without  any  distinct  picture ;  however, 


■•:i 


•til 


OUTALlD.Ti — TETANOP8. 


IJl 


iiiilistinct  trat'i'S  of  three  soiuewlmt  darker  clouds  arc  iippiircnt ; 
.llic  first  ill  tlio  iimrg'mul  cull,  uImjvu  tlie  origin  of  the  siiildiiaruiiiiil 
ciH,  tlie  second  at  liio  end  of  the  stigniu,  uud  the  third,  which 
sometimes  i.s  wanting,  tills  up  ti»e  end  of  the  marginal  cell;  all 
three  are  so  little  apparent  that  they  euu  easily  be  overlooked. 
Ilab.  Neljraska  (Dr.  llayden). 

3.  T.  integra  n.  ap.    9  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  18.)    Froiis  tola  punctata ;  alio 
cinereffi,  iiuaiaculata. 

The  wholi'  front  is  punctate ;  wings  gray,  without  any  picture.     Long. 
Corp.  cum  terebn'i  0.28 — 0.31 ;  long.  al.  0.17. 

Head  bro\viiish-l)laek,  rather  dusky  brownish-red  upon  the 
frrcater  part  of  the  front,  the  cheeks,  and  near  the  anterior  edge 
of  the  mouth.  The  front  has  no  median  strii)e,  and  is  alt(»gcther 
covered  with  grayish-white  pollen,  rendered  eril)rose  by  numerous 
small  and  very  dense  pollerdess  dots;  a  line  network,  covering 
the  whole  front,  is  all  that  remains  i)ollinose.  The  pollen 
extends,  from  the  front  over  the  very  broad  lateral  portions  of 
the  face,  as  far  as  the  cheeks;  the  pollciiless  dots,  however,  do 
not  reach  beyond  the  middle  of  the  face.  The  face  in  prolile  is 
less  projecting  in  front  of  the  eye.H,  and  less  retreating  below,  than 
ill  T.  luridipennis.  The  antennal  foveiB,  on  their  outside  slope, 
are  covered,  to  a  considerable  extent,  l)y  a  white  pollen ;  at  the 
l)ottora  they  are  shtning  black.  The  flattened  ridge  of  the 
carina,  separating  them,  has  also  a  whitish  pollen.  The  vertical 
diameter  of  the  eyes  is  larger  than  in  the  preceding  species  or 
iu  any  of  the  species  of  Telanops  to  me  known.  The  cheeks  are 
very  broad,  although  somewhat  narrower  than  in  T.  luridi/x'niiis. 
The  upper  half  of  the  occiput  is  clothed  with  a  whitish  pollen, 
extending  upon  the  hind  side  of  the  cheeks  as  far  as  the  edge  of 
the  mouth;  in  the  vicinity  of  the  posterior  orl)it  and  of  the  edge 
of  the  mouth,  this  pollen  is  interrupted  by  pollonloss  pmicliform 
dots.  Antennae  brownish-red,  the  third  joint  for  the  most  part 
hiiiekish-brown.  The  ground  color  of  the  thorax  is  glossy,  almost 
shilling-black,  but  altogether  covered  by  a  whitisli-grny  or  more 
yellowish-gray  pollen,  interrupted  by  conntloss  dots,  which  are, 
however,  much  smaller  and  less  sharply  defined  than  In  the  pre- 
ceding species.  Quite  in  front,  the  thoracic  dorsum  shows  an 
indistinct  beginning  of  a  median  stripe,  in  the  shape  of  two  dark 
longitudinal  lines,  which  are  rather  distant  from  each  other. 


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ISfl 


Diri'KHA    1)1'    NORTH    AMEillCA. 


[I'AllT  III. 


I  l<  1  . 


Upoa  thu  pU'iirui  tliu  iMillun  id  percuplibly  Icsii  lieiisu  tlitiii  upuii 
the  liiomcic  dorsum,  no  tliui  iliu)'  iippuar  sliiiiiiig.  L')m)u  ilio 
fiiilus  of  lliu  st'Ululluia  tliu  pollfu  i::i  Uiifk  unci  iiol  iiiluri'iiptcMi, 
wliilu  llmi  u|)oii  iu  disk  nuiuuwiiut  rcacuiblos  tiie  pullfii  oii  tiu; 
Hurtucc  ul'  tlif  ihurut'ic  UtJi'sum,  uuly  it  is  u  liulu  iluiiiicr  iiii<l 
Lu8  no  di»tiiict  poiletilt'ss  dutd.  Thu  ubduiuuii  lA  tiliiiiiiig  Ijjuck, 
fovt-ri'd,  luwurd.s  iliu  bu.si.s,  witli  u  gruduuli)'  iiiLTfu.^ing,  uiiintui'- 
ruplt'd,  but  nut  very  lliick  usli-gruy  poiloii.  Thu  lirst  joint  of  tho 
Uallt'nod  ovipositor  in  siiiuing  black,  very  broud,  l)iit  little 
luirrowt'd  towards  its  end,  with  soniowliat  touvex  siilefi  and  com- 
parativ(!ly  sliortor  than  llwit  of  T.  luridipcnnis.  Feut  black  uf 
brownish-lflack ;  thu  extrcmu  tip  of  the  femora,  thu  basis  and 
extreme  tip  of  the  tibiuj,  as  well  us  the  tar.si,  yellowirtli-rcd  ; 
however,  the  lust  three  or  four  joints  of  the  fore  tarsi  and  the 
last  two  joints  of  the  hind  tarsi,  brosvnish-iilack.  Wings  rallur 
hyaline,  gray,  with  a  Ueliculo  tiugo  of  browuish-cluy-yullow, 
without  any  picture. 

JJab.  Illinois  (Osteu-Sucken). 


illy 


% 


*.';  t; 


nj 


•T- 


Oen.  III.  TEPIIRO^OTA  Loew. 

Charact, — Head  high  ami  short.  Front  of  a  nioilerate  and  equal  bre.iiltli, 
eonipiiratively  long.  Fat-e  rather  nliaiply  carinat«,  only  littln  )in>- 
truding  in  front  of  the  eyes  in  proQIu;  ainio.st  vertical.  The 
vertical  diameter  of  the  eyes  ulniottt  double  the  size  of  tin*  hori- 
zontal one.  Anterior  edge  of  the  uiouth  not  drawn  upwards. 
Clieeks  very  narrow. 

Antennas  of  a  medium  length;  the  first  two  joints  short;  the  third 
ending  at  a  sharp  angle,  although  not  excised  above. 

Tliorax  u|K)n  its  m'ddle  with  bristles  on  the  hind  part  only ;  covert'd 
with  a  gray  du.^t. 

The, first  lontfilitfliiinl  rfin  with  bristles  upon  its  end  only ;  the  end  of 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  not  curved  forward;  the  jwsterior 
angle  of  the  anal  cell,  although  sharp,  is  not  extended  in  the  shape 
of  a  lobe. 

This  gonns  contains  only  pninll-sized  spooies.  which,  in  tlieir 
whole  organization,  approach  tho  species  of  Pteropaectrin  ;  \\\'\a 
is  still  more  the  case  with  the  European  specios.  than  with  the 
only  American  one  which  I  know.  The  latter,  however,  agrees 
in  so  many  characters  with  the  Europenn  Tf'phrnnnffip,  that  it 
can  be  placed,  without  any  hesitation,  in  that  genus.  Ita  antcniifc 
are  a  little  shorter  and  their  third  joint  somewhat  broader ;  the 


OllTALID/i:- 


[|>tlK()N(iTA. 


183 


pollei    oil  the  body  is  tliickcr  ami  luoru  extoiitli'd  tliuii   in  thu 
Lurii|)i;uit  bpucif^;  thu  crori»ljuud:i  of  il.s  wings  uiv  iiiuoiiiplotu. 

1.  T.  IllllllilU  LoKW.  I  9.— (Tiib.  VIII.  f.  24.)  Nicricuiis,  oiiiHreo- 
(iiilliitunii,  uu|)it«)  tl:iv<>,  (jfililidA  luti-iH,  liitt)  lillii'lu-liyuliiitu,  funciiti  tiibuA 
uigriri,  liitttiiuttdiu  iuti'iiru,  ieU4ui8  pualicu  abbruviHtiii. 

Kalhwr  black,  oovereil  with  univ  iiollfii ;  with  a  ywMow  htiad,  itixl  rath»T 
tl.o-ytlliiw  l«ut ;  wings  wUitiaU-byiiliuH,  wilb  tbrnn  black  cni^nliainlH, 
tUtt  uitidiaii  ut  which  in  uutire ;  lliu  two  otliurii  are  abbreviuttfil.  Lung. 
i;urp.  ^  O.li:— U.14;  cuiu  tciMbia  (Ml— O.IC  ;  long.  al.  0.1— (MH. 

8vN.  lUrtna  ri{/ktj)*  v.  d.  Wulp,  Tijdochrlft  voor  Eiitoiuol.,  Jaarg,  IX,  p. 

15G. 

Head  yellow.     Front  brighter  yellow,  almost  orange-rod  npoa 

its  anterior  end  ;  on  eaeh  side  with  a  eonspieuons  l)order  of  whito 

pollen,  wliieli,  becoming  bmader,  e.xtends  below  over  the  fuee  us 

fur  as  tlio  cheeks,     'i'lie  occiput  becomes  blackish  above,  but  is 

rather  evenly  covered  with  a  rather  thick  whitish  pollen.     'Fiio 

ground  color  of  the  thora.x  is  rather  black,  more  brownish  on  tlio 

humeri  and  upon  the  lateral  border,  as  well  as  below  the  root 

of  the  wings ;  this  color,  in  well-preserved  specimens,  is  covered 

hy  a  prayish-whito  pollen  ;   upon  the  thoracic  dorsum  there  aro 

two  longitudinal  strii)es,  of  a  somewhat  darker  color,  very  littlo 

uppiirent  and  abbreviated  posteriorly.    The  color  of  the  scntcllum, 

which  is    likewise  covered    with    gray  pollen,  verges    ii\oro    on 

dingy  brownish,  and   on  clay-yellow  along  the  edges;   in    le.ss 

fully  colored  specimens  the  whole  scutcllum  is  clay-yellow.    The 

color  of  the  abdomen  is  likewise  rather  black,  sometimes  only 

brown  at  the  basis.     In  the  male,  this  color  appears  di-^tinetly  as 

black  or  brownish-black  upon  the  last  segment  and  on  the  hypo- 

pygium,  botii  of  which  are  pollenless,  while  on   the  i)receding 

Sfgments  thia  color  is  concealed  under  a  rather  thick  i)oll('ii, 

which  on  the  anterior  portion  of  the  segment  has  a  light  whitish- 

gniy,  on  the  posterior  half  a  brown  coloring.     The  female  has  the 

last   abdominal    segment   likewise    pollino.se,  the    i>ollen    being 

pcnorally  light  white-grayish,  or  verging  on  brownish  about  the 

middle   of  the    abdomen   only;    the    pollen    on    the    preceding 

segments  is  the  same  as  in  the  male.     The  first  segment  of  tbo 

nltogether  flattened   ovipositor  is  not  very  long,  but  very  broad 

and  very  broadly  truncate  at  its  end ;  its  pollen  is  very  little 

perceptible,  so  that  it  is  glossy-black,  more  brownish-black  iu 


!■  ■•uM 

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•V  .■«•; 


124 


DIPTKHA   OP    i^)RTH    AMKKICA. 


[part  III. 


imiimturc  spcoiiuoiis.  Foot  of  a  dirty  clay-yellow,  femora  in  the 
niiddii'  and  tarsi  towards  the  tip,  somewhat  inriiseated.  llalleres 
whitisli-yi'iiow.  Wings  whitisii-liyaline,  with  three  broad,  perpen- 
dicular,  more  grayisli-l)Ii;ek  than  black  crossbaiuls.  The  lirst  of 
these  bands  covers,  near  the  anterior  margin,  the  latter  half  of  the 
costal  cell,  and  reaches,  without  becoming  more  narrow,  the  fourth 
or  lifth  longitudinal  vein;  in  the  lirst,  case  it  becomes  perccptildy 
paler  between  the  third  and  fourth,  iu  the  second  case  between 
the  fourth  and  lifth  longitudinal  veins.  The  second  band  covers, 
near  the  anterior  margin,  the  apical  half  of  the  stigma  and  reaches 
there,  in  most  specimens,  even  a  little  beyond  the  end  of  the  lir^t 
longitudinal  vein  ;  without  attenuating,  it  runs  over  the  small 
crossveins  as  far  as  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  forms  a  very 
broad  border  along  the  section  of  the  fourth  vein  lying  I)et\\H'eu 
the  two  crossveins,  and  runs,  afterwards,  along  the  posterior 
crossvein  towards  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein;  its  breadth  is  not 
the  same  in  all  specimens ;  when  narrower,  this  crossband  shows 
a  distinct  knee-shaped  bend,  depending  ujion  its  passage  from  tlio 
small  to  the  posterior  crossvein  (this  is  the  case  with  the  speeinu'ii 
figured  by  Mr.  v.  d.  Wulp) ;  when  broader,  this  crossband 
extends,  in  the  shape  of  a  blackish-gray  shadow,  as  far  as  the 
third  posterior  ceil,  so  that  of  the  knee-shaped  bend  oidy  a  trace 
is  left,  which  is  due  to  a  diluted  spot  upon  the  inner  side  of  the 
crossband,  near  the  posterior  margin  of  the  diseal  cell  (as  repre- 
sented in  ray  figure).  The  thir'  band  covers,  on  the  anterior 
margin,  the  end  of  the  marginal  cell  to  a  considerable  extent, 
Jiecomes  gradually  more  narrow  posteriorly  and  reaches  more  or 
less  completely  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  where  it  suddenly  is 
intcrruptefl.  The  root  of  the  wing  is  tinged  with  blackish-grny 
as  far  as  a  little  beyond  the  humeral  crossvein.  The  second  and 
third  longitudinal  veins  are  strongly  divergent  towards  tlieir 
end;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  slightly  eon- 
verges  towards  the  third  vein  and  is  not  quite  so  straight  as  usual 
in  the  species  of  Tephronotn,  but,  at  the  same  time,  not  so  much 
curved  forward  by  far  as  in  the  case  of  the  sp(>cics  of  Anncampla, 
HnIo(!ai<ia,  and  Ajtm^pafimira.  The  crossveins  are  very  much 
approximated,  as  the  distance  between  them  is  not  much  larger 
than  the  length  of  the  small  crossvein,  but  smaller  than  the 
posterior  crossvein.  The  posterior  angle  of  the  aiml  cell  is  short 
and  sharp,  and  not  prolonged  in  the  shape  of  a  lobe.    The  sixth 


ORTAM  \KK — CEUt)XYS. 


125 


long:itU(linal  vein  is  weak  and  iiitli.stiin't  soon  aftor  its  niiddli',  so 
that  it  appears  iiitcrruplcd  a  long  distauco  b'jforo  the  margin  of 
the  wing. 

Hah.   New  York  (Osten-Sacken);  yir<rinia;  Texas  (BoltVajjco). 

Obxercatioii. — The  description  of  Jli'rina  ri(Jic('j>!<  l)y  v.  d. 
TVnlp,  contains  only  one  (hitiini  whidi  mij^lit  render  its  ideiitili- 
cation  witli  T.  hiimilin  donhtful.  lie;  says  tiiat  tlie  tl.ird  antennal 
joint  i:-'  fonr  times  as  long  as  the  second,  while  in  all  my  speci- 
mens it  hardly  reaches  three  times  its  length.  As,  in  other 
respects,  the  agreement  of  the  very  good  description  is  perfect, 
I  have  not  the  slightest  doubt  that  this  ditference  arises  fmni  a 
ditVerent  mode  of  viewing  or  measuring  the  anleiiuiu.  Unfortu- 
nately, the  name  given  by  Mr.  v.  d.  Wulp  cannot  bo  preserved, 
as  it  has  been  preoccupied  by  Fabricius. 


'm: 


'  •■   ,rf' 


..:■-■ -m 


"Jlfh 


•>    ■::. 


Oen.  IV.  CEROYYS  Macq. 

Clitxract. — ITend  rather  rounded.  Front  very  broad,  soniewliat  narrowed 
above,  without  stripe.  Tlie  perpendicular  diameter  of  tlie  eyes  is 
much  larger  than  the  horizontal  one.     Cheeks  of  medium  breadth. 

Third  ant  ennui  joint  upon  its  uppiT  side  distinctly  excised,  very  much 
pointed  at  tlie  tip.     Arista  distinctly  pubescent. 

Thorux,  up()n  its  middle,  with  bristles  as  far  as  its  anterior  portion. 

First  lontjitudimil  tnin  with  bristles  upon  its  end  only;  tlie  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  not  curveil  forward.  The  j»)sterior  angle  of  the 
aual  cell  acute,  but  not  prolonged  in  the  shape  of  a  lobe. 

The  genus  Geroxys  contains  species  which  arc  very  much 
alike;  the  tl-.ora.x  and  abdomen  are  thickly  covered  with  yellow- 
ish or  grayish  dust;  the  head  is  yellow.  The  i)icture  of  the 
wings,  consisting  of  comparatively  large  l)lackish-l»rown  or  black 
spots,  is  the  same  in  all  the  sjiecies ;  it  consists  of  seven  sjtots, 
the  first  of  which  lies  on  the  basis  of  the  suliniiirgiiial  cell,  the 
second  upon  the  end  of  the  stiginatical  (third  costal)  cell  ;  the 
third  covers  the  small  ami  the  fourtli  the  posterior  crossvein;  the 
last  three  spots  lie  on  the  ends  of  the  secoml,  tliird,  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins;  the  last  two  gem  rally  coalesce  comolfti'ly, 
while  the  one  placed  at  the  end  of  the  second  vein  is  generally 
less  completely  united  with  them. 

The  species  are  easily  distinguished  by  the  shape  and  color  of 
the  third  antennal  joint,  by  the  presence  or  absence  of  a  dark 
crossbaad  on  the  posterior  nuirgiu  of  the  abdominal  segments,  by 


lii;" 


•.  r 


il,:- 


i  • 


■m 


•y. 

■-*'*• 

■  I-  ^  . 

.#■'.■■ 

I 

-    <.    ■* 

ti 

■:■:■»' 


■   >!:'; 


■•'•.'I  !  I 


126 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  111. 


the  greater  or  smaller  extent  of  the  spots  on  the  wiiifrs,  espeeially 
by  the  rohitive  position  of  the  stigniatical  spot  to  tlie  one  cdvit- 
ing  the  small  crossveiu,  and  V'V  the  separation  or  coalescence  uf 
both. 


I » 


111, 


■.,  ".  v!  ■■ 


Kv,f. 


If) 

•T 
* 


1.  C.  obsciiricornis  n.  sp.  %  9. —(Tab.  VIII,  f.  20.)  PolIiiiH  ex 
cinereo  liitesceiite  Vfstitus,  tertio  aiiteiinarum  articulo  fusco-iiiijro, 
pedilius  luteis,  alarum  inaculA,  sti^maticali  et  limbo  venae  trausvei'^ialid 
mediae  fasciolam  arcuatam  efficientibud. 

Covered  with  a  grayiah-clay-yellow  pollen ;  third  antennal  joint  brownish- 
black,  feet  clay-yellow ;  the  spot  at  the  end  of  the  stipmatical  cell  and 
tlie  one  covering  the  small  crossvein  form  a  curved  cro3dband.  Long. 
Corp.  I  0.21 ;    9  cum  ter.^brH  0.25  ;  long.  al.  0.2—0.21. 

The  first  two  antennal  joints  brownish-ferruginous-yellow,  or 
brownish-yellow  ;  third  joint  browni8h-I)lack,  of  medium  bnutd^h  ; 
arista  black.  Scutellum  upon  its  edge  only  indistinctly  ytuvw- 
ish-l)rown.  Abdomen  without  any  trace  of  dark  crossbands, 
except  that  the  pollen,  towards  the  posterior  portion  of  the  seg- 
ments, becomes  more  brownish-gray  in  e  hardly  perceptiblo 
degree.  The  first  joint  of  the  flattened  ovipositor  is  only 
moderately  long,  very  broad;  its  truncature  very  broad  also;  the 
coloring  and  the  pollen  are  the  same  as  those  of  the  al)donien. 
Feet  clay-yellow ;  tarsi,  with  the  exception  of  the  basis,  mure 
or  less  strongly  infuscated  ;  the  only  male  in  my  possession  has 
tlie  front  femora  very  much  infuscated  upon  the  greater  part  of 
the  posterior  side ;  it  is  not  probable,  however,  that  this  is  a 
constant  sexual  character.  The  first  spot  on  the  wings  extends 
from  the  first  to  a  little  beyond  the  fourth  vein  ;  the  spot  lying 
upon  the  end  of  the  stigmatical  cell  is  more  or  less  completely 
coalescent  with  the  omg  cui^ering  the  small  crossvein,  and  forms 
with  it  a  rather  oblique,  distinctly  arcuated  crossband;  the  other 
spots  have  nothing  peculiar  about  them. 

Ilab.  Nebraska  (Dr.  Hayden). 

3.  C.  OChricorilis  n.  sp.  9  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  21.)  Polline  ex  cin  'reo 
lutescente  vestitus,  segnieiitis  abdominalibus  postice  angusto  fvisco- 
limbatis,  antennis  ex-ferrngineo  ochraceis,  pedibna  luteis,  alarnm  inaouli 
stigmaticali  et  limbo  vence  transversalis  mediae  in  fasciolam  rectam 
conjnnctis. 

Covered  with  a  grayish-clay-colored  pollen;  the  segments  of  the  abd-«nipn 
with  narrow  brown  borders  posteriorly ;  aatennae  oclire-brownish,  the 


r 


"  Ji 


il 


"N 


im,fi 


ORTALIDiE — CER0XY8. 


127 


feet  clay-yellow  ;  the  spot  upon  the  end  of  the  stigmatical  cell  and  the 
oiiu  cuvt-ring  the  small  croH.ivein,  in  ooale.sciiig,  form  a  straight  cross- 
baud.     Long.  Corp.  cum  terebril  0.25  ;  long.  al.  U.21. 

Antennae  altogether  ochre-brownish;  third  joint  distinctly 
broader  than  in  C.  obscuricornU;  arista  brownish-black.  Scutel- 
luin  generally  yellowish,  with  the  exception  of  its  middle. 
Abdominal  segments,  with  the  exception  of  the  last  one,  with 
very  narrow,  but  very  sharply  limited  and  conspicuous  brown 
posterior  margins.  The  first  segment  of  the  very  flattened 
ovipositor  is  only  moderately  long,  very  broad,  and  very  broadly 
tnnicate  at  the  end;  its  coloring  and  its  pollen  arc  similar  to 
those  of  the  abdomen.  Feet  clay-yellow;  tarsi  strongly  infus- 
cated,  generally  paler  towards  the  basis.  The  first  spot  upon 
tlie  wings  reaches  from  the  first  to  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ; 
the  spot  upon  the  end  of  the  stigmatical  cell  is  more  or  less 
completely  connected  with  the  spot  covering  the  small  cropsvein, 
forming  a  straight,  almost  perpendicular  half-erossband ;  tlie 
other  spots  have  the  ordinary  appearance. 

Hub.  Northern  Wisconsin  River  (Kennicott). 

3.  C.  similis  n.  sp.  9  .—(Tab.  VIII,  f.  23.)  Polline  Intescente 
vestitus,  segmentis  abdomiualibus  po-stiue  nigro-litnbatis,  alarum  macul4 
subbasali  in  fasciam  dilatata,  maciiI4  stigmatical!  et  limbo  veufe  trana- 
versalis  niediie  in  fasciolam  conjuncti.s. 

Covered  with  clay-yellow  pollen ;  the  abdominal  segments  margined  with 
black  posteriorly;  the  spot  near  the  basis  of  the  wing  is  extended  in  the 
shape  of  a  crossband ;  the  one  at  tlie  end  of  the  stigmatical  cell  forms  a 
half-crossband  with  the  spot  covering  the  small  crossvein.  Long.  corp. 
%  0.22;    9  cum  terebri  0.27— 0.28,  long.  al.  0.21—0.22. 

First  two  antennal  joints  yellow ;  the  third  joint  is  unfortunately 
lost  in  all  the  three  specimens  which  I  have  befere  me,  but  is 
probably  of  the  same  color.  Scutellum  yellow,  or  grayish  upon 
its  middle  only.  The  segments  of  the  abdomen  have  all,  without 
exception,  a  brownish-black,  narrow,  well-defined  border,  upon 
their  posterior- side.  The  first  segment  of  the  flattened  ovipositor 
is  only  nioderately  long,  very  bniad,  very  broadly  truncate  at  the 
end;  its  coloring  and  the  pollen  upon  it,  are  of  the  same  color 
as  on  the  abdomen.  Feet  clay-yellow  ;  tarsi,  especially  towards 
their  tip,  rather  strongly  infuscated.  The  first  spot  on  the  wiiicrs 
expands  into  a  crossband,  reaching  anteriorly  as  far  as  the  costa. 


"i,  ' 


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128 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[I'AKT  III. 


posteriorly  it  extends,  although  somewhat  paler,  along  the  sixth 
longitudinal  vein,  which  it  finally  crosses,  as  fur  a^  the  postcriui 
margin  of  the  wing,  on  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  it  forni.s  an 
obtuse  angle,  at  which  place,  on  the  sides  of  the  fifth  longitudinal 
vein,  it  is  very  faint,  sometimes  almost  interrupted ;  the  spot  iit 
the  end  of  tlie  stigraatical  cell  coalesces  with  the  one  covering 
the  small  crossvein,  forming  a  steep,  somewhat  curved  half-oross- 
hand ;  the  spot  covering  the  posterior  crossvein  is  rather  large; 
the  three  other  spots  are  of  the  usual  shape. 

Ilab.   Connecticut  (Osten-Saekeu). 

Observation. — The  name  which  I  give  to  this  species  is  intended 
to  call  to  mind  its  extraordinary  resemblance  to  C.  crnnfii- 
pennis  Fab.,  occurring  in  Europe.  This  resemblance  is  so  great, 
that  I  would  doubt  the  specific  distinctness  of  the  two  species,  if 
the  femora  of  the  American  one  were  not  altogether  yellow,  while 
those  of  G.  craasipennis  are  blackish-brown  from  the  basis  as  far 
as  the  middle.  In  order  to  overlook  this  difference  and  to  main- 
tain the  identity  of  the  two  species,  the  proof  of  a  perfect  agree- 
ment in  all,  even  the  minutest,  plastical  characters  would  be 
required.  The  three  specimens  of  G.  similiii  in  my  possession 
are  not  well  preserved  enough  to  enable  mo  to  undertake  such  a 
comparison. 

4.  C.  canilS  Loew.  %  J.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  22.)  Polline  ex  Intescsnte 
ciiieieo  vel  albido-cinereo  vestitus,  tcrtio  .intennanim  articulo  pcili- 
busque  fu.sci.s,  alarum  macule  stiguiaticali  et  limlio  venae  trausversalis 
mediae  separatis. 

Covered  with  a  yellowish-gray  or  grayish-white  pollen;  third  joint  of  the 
antennse  and  the  feet  brown;  the  spot  on  the  stigraatical  cell  entirely 
separated  from  the  one  which  covers  the  small  crossvein.  Long.  corp. 
%  0.16;    9  cum  terebri  0.23 ;  long.  al.  0.16—0.18. 

Stm.   Oitalix  cana  LoEw,  Berl.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  II,  p.  374. 

Smaller  than  the  preceding  species,  with  a  grayish  or  whitish- 
gray  pollen,  verging  less  on  yellow.  The  first  two  antennal  joints 
brownish-yellow  or  yellowish-brown;  the  third  joint  of  medium 
breadth  and  rather  blackish-brown.  Antennal  arista  black.  The 
scutellum  at  most  indistinctly  yellowish-brown  along  the  edircs 
only.  Abdominal  segments  without  any  trace  of  darker  borders. 
The  first  joint  of  the  flattened  ovipositor  distinctly  longer  tlinn  in 
the  three  previous  species  and  somewhat  less  broadly  truncate  at 


ORTALID^E — ANACAMPTA. 


129 


tish- 

oiiits 

(limn 

The 

liTCS 

ders. 
nil  ill 
le  at 


ihc  cud  ;  its  coloring  and  the  pollen  upon  it  are  the  same  as 
those  on  the  abdomen.  Coxu)  and  feet  bluekish-brown  ;  the 
second  coxal  joint,  the  tip  of  tlie  femur,  tiie  basis  of  the  tibia;  and 
the  extreme  tip  of  the  middle  tibiie  are  yellowish-red.  In  the 
European  specimens  this  yellowish-red  coloring  has  often  a  much 
greater  extent  and  also  occurs  at  the  basis  of  the  tarsi ;  it  is  pro- 
bable that  the  same  is  the  case  with  some  American  specimens. 
The  surface  of  the  wings  is  much  more  whitish  than  in  the  other 
species;  the  first  spot  is  small,  although  it  reaches  from  the  first 
to  the  fourth  vein;  the  spot  at  the  end  of  the  stigmatical  cell  is 
also  comparatively  small,  does  not  quite  reach  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein,  and  remains  quite  separated  from  the  spot  covering 
the  small  crossvein  ;  the  spot  covering  the  posterior  crossvein  is 
of  a  moderate  breadth  ;  the  spots  upon  the  ends  of  the  longitu- 
dinal veins  are  of  the  ordinary  size. 

Uah.  Yukon  River,  Alaska  (Kennicott) ;  Nebraska  (Dr. 
Hayden). 

Obaervalion. — Of  this  species  I  possess  only  a  male  from 
Nebraska  and  a  female  from  Hudson's  Bay  Territory.  The  most 
careful  comparison  with  specimens  of  Cerojrys  canus  from  the 
southern  part  of  middle  Europe  and  from  southern  Europe  has 
not  revealed  any  character  indicative  of  a  specific  distinctness  of 
the  European  and  the  American  specimens. 

Gen.  V.  A^VACAIWPTA  Loew. 

Charact. — Head  hemispherical,  rather  than  round ;  front  broad,  somewhat 

uanower  above ;  the  vertical  diameter  of  tliH  eye  much  larger  than 

the  horizontal  one;  cheeks  broad. 
Third  antennal  joint  di6tnnit\y  cut  out  upon  its  upper  side;  pointed 

at  the  end. 
Thorax  upon  its  middle  providt^d  with  bristles  near  the  posterior 

margin  only. 
Fimt  longitudinal  vein  with  bristles  upon  its  end  only ;  the  end  of  the 

fourtli   longitudinal  vein  curved  forward   in  a  striking  manner; 

posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  sharp,  but  not  prolonged  in  the 

shape  of  a  lobe. 

The  genus  Anacampta  contains  species  of  large  size,  which 
resemble  Ceroxys  in  their  general  appearance,  as  well  as  in  the 
l>icturc  of  the  wings.  They  differ,  however,  sufficiently  in  the 
black  color  of  the  body,  in  the  thoracic  dorsum  not  being  provided 
with  bristles  as  far  as  its  anterior  part  and  in  the  conspicuous 
9 


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',"'»! 'J.'!  II 


130 


DIPTERA  OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  in. 


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curvature  of  the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein.  The  lilack 
coloring  of  the  body  they  have  in  conimon  with  the  specii'S  of 
llolodasia  and  Apospasiiiica,  which  they  approach  in  the  wlmle 
structure  of  their  body.  They  diflcr  from  ILAoduHia  in  the  fiiri 
that  the  flrst  longitudiual  vein  is  not  provided  with  bristles  iip(»ii 
its  whole  course,  but  at  its  end  only.  From  Apospaamica  they 
differ  in  the  shape  of  the  anal  cell,  the  posterior  angle  being  only 
acute  here,  while  in  Apospusmica  it  is  drawn  out  in  a  long  hilie ; 
moreover,  in  the  latter  genus,  he  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  is  not  curved  forward;  i  Anacampta  the  picture  of  the 
wings  consists  rather  of  spots,  or  bands  consisting  of  si)ots, 
while  in  Apospasmica  there  are  complete  crossbands.  Tlie 
structure  of  the  third  antennal  joint  of  Anacampta  affords  a 
character  for  the  distinction  of  it  from  all  the  other  genera  k)'^ 
Ortalina,  which  renders  any  further  developments  superfluous. 

1.  A.  latiliscula  n.  sp.  %  9 .— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  19.)  Nigra,  thorace 
abdoiiiiuii^que  fasciis  duabus  ciiiereo-poUinosia,  oapite  ex  rufo  luteo, 
p«dibu8  rufis,  alia  nigro-maculatis. 

Flack,  thorax  and  two  crossbands  on  the  abdomen  covered  with  cray 
pollen;  head  reddish-yellow  ;  feet  red  ;  wings  spotted  with  black.  Long. 
corp.  I  0.31,  9  cum  terebrd  0.33— 0.34;  long.  al.  0.26. 

One  of  the  largest  species  of  the  genus,  and  broader  in  shape 
than  most  of  them.  Head  reddish-yellow,  opaque,  covered  witli 
a  very  thin,  and  hence  not  easily  perceptible  greenish-wliite 
pollen  ;  occiput  more  thickly  pollinose  with  white.  Front  broad, 
somewhat  narrower  above ;  the  not  very  distinct  frontal  stripe 
very  much  narrowed  above,  of  a  purer  yellowish  color  and  almost 
pollenless ;  the  comparatively  thick  pubescence  of  the  broad 
Jatcral  portions  of  the  front  is  inserted  in  very  small,  but  distinct 
brownish  dots.  Antennae  ochreous-brown,  the  color  of  the  first 
two  joints  more  yellowish,  that  of  the  third  joint  more  browni.-h. 
Ground  color  of  the  thorax,  with  the  exception  of  the  brick-red 
luimeral  callosities,  black,  but  altogether  covered  with  an  ashy-gray 
pollen,  which  is  not  quite  so  thick  on  the  pleurae  as  on  tlie 
thoracic  dorsum.  The  hairs  and  bristles  of  the  thoracic  dorsum 
are  inserted  on  small,  but  distinct  black  dots.  Scutellum  black, 
with  abroad  brick-red  border,  pollinose  with  ashy-gray.  Abdo- 
men shining-black,  with  black  hairs  and  two  broad  crossbands 
of  whitisli-gray  pollen,  situate  on  the  anterior  portion  of  the 


ORTALIDJE — APOSPASMICA. 


131 


second  and  third  segments;  they  gradually  become  indistinct  on 
the  sides  ami  finally  diriaijpear  near  the  lateral  margin.  The 
fifth  segment  of  the  female  abdomen  is  very  much  shortened. 
The  first  joint  of  the  ovipositor  is  shining-black,  with  black  hairs, 
about  as  long  as  the  penultimate  segment  of  the  abdomen,  not 
very  broad,  and,  towards  its  end,  rather  narrowed.  Feet  brick- 
red;  tarsi  infuscated  towards  their  end,  the  front  ones  much  more 
than  the  four  posterior  ones;  the  front  til)iai  also  show  sometimes 
a  browner  coloring.  Wings  grayish-hyaline,  quite  gray  towards 
the  posterior  border,  not  very  transparent;  more  yellow  towards 
the  basis,  especially  in  the  costal  cell ;  stigma  ochre-yellow,  with 
a  somewhat  infuscated  end.  The  picture  of  the  wings  is  brownish- 
blaek;  it  comprises:  1,  a  spot  upon  the  humeral  crossvein, 
reaching  as  far  as  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein;  2,  a  perpendicular 
crossl)and,  covering  the  end  of  the  costal  cell  near  the  anterior 
border,  and  reaching  posteriorly  as  far  as  the  sixth  longitudinal 
vein ;  between  the  fifth  and  the  si.vth  longitudinal  veins  it  is  much 
paler  and  disappears  gradually  in  the  gray  coloring  of  the  surface 
of  the  wing;  3,  a  perpendicular  half-crossband,  beginning  near 
the  anterior  margin,  immediately  beyond  the  end  of  the  first 
longitudinal  vein,  running  over  the  small  crossvein  and  reaching 
a  little  beyond  its  posterior  end  ;  4,  a  spot,  broadly  covering  the 
posterior  crossvein  in  the  shape  of  a  half-crossband ;  5,  a  spot 
occupying  the  end  of  the  marginal  cell  and,  with  the  end  nearer 
to  the  root  of  the  wing,  reaching  into  the  submarginal  almost  in 
the  shape  of  a  hook,  without  touching  the  third  vein ;  6,  a  spot 
near  the  apex  of  the  wing,  the  limit  of  which  runs  almost  perpen- 
dicularly from  the  end  of  th*^  second  longitudinal  vein  to  the 
fourth  longitudinal,  beyond  which  it  occupies  only  a  small  space 
at  the  extreme  end  of  the  second  posterior  cell. 
Hab.  California  (Alex.  Agassiz). 

Gen.  Vr.  APOSPASIWICA  nov.  gen. 

Charnct. — Front  of  equal  breacUh.     Face  rather  strongly  carinate  ;  rather 
perpendicular  and  straiglit  in  profile  ;  the  vertical  diameter  of  the 
eyes  very  much  larger  than  the  horizontal  one. 
Third  antPtinal  joint,  on  its  upper  side,  gently  hut  distinctly  excised, 

very  pointed  at  the  end  ;  arista  rery  bare. 
Thorax  along  the  middle  with  bristles  on  its  hind  part  only. 


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132 


DIPTEUA    OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  111, 


First  lonr/itudinat  vdn  with  bristled  towards  its  eiul  o:ily  ;  the  end  nf 
the  fourth  h)ngituuiiial  vein  not  curved  forward  ;  the  posterior  angle 
of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  iu  a  narrow,  exoeediugly  long  lohe. 

Robust,  black  species,  of  tlie  same  general  ai»i»earaiu'e  iw 
Ilohdasia  and  Anavumpta;  the  structure  of  the  lieatl  iiiore  like 
that  of  Pleropaectria ;  tho  thorax  generally  shows  loiigiludinnl 
lines  of  a  i)aler-colored  dust,  answering  to  tho  intervals  of  the 
ordinary  thoracic  stripes.     The  wings  have  complete  crossbands. 

The  typical  species  is  the  Orlali>i  fuxciataof  Wiedemann,  fruiii 
Chile,  which  is  identical  with  the  Tephritis  quinquej'aaviula 
Macq.  Dipt.  P]xot.  8uppl.  IV,  291. 

The  shape  of  the  anal  cell  reminds  very  much  of  Diacrila; 
nevertheless,  there  are  no  other  points  of  relationship  between 
the  two  genera. 

Observation. — Should  an  American  species  be  found  which 
does  not  well  (it  in  any  of  the  above-described  six  genera,  tlic 
characters  of  the  European  genera  should  bo  compared;  they 
have  been  given  in  the  part  treating  of  the  systematic  distribu- 
tion of  the  Ortalidm  in  general. 

Fifth  Section:  Pterocallina. 

Gen.  I.  PTEROCALL.A  Rond. 

Charnct. — General  appearance:  Trypeta-like. 

Wint/s  very  narrow,  iu  comparison  to  their  length,  of  a  rather  striking 
shape  on  account  of  their  equal  breadth,  very  broadly  rounded  at 
the  root  and  at  the  tip ;  auxiliary  vein  much  shorter  than  the  first 
lougitudiual  vein,  so  that  the  distance  between  the  ends  of  both  is 
strikingly  large ;  first  basal  and  discal  cells  very  long ;  posterior 
crossvein  very  oblique,  its  anterior  end  being  much  nearer  the  apex 
of  the  wing  than  its  posterior  end  ;  the  posterior  angle  of  tho  aual 
cell  drawn  out  in  a  moderately  long  lobe. 

The  peculiarities  in  the  outline  of  the  wings  and  in  tho  vena- 
tion of  the  species  belonging  to  this  genus  are  so  striking,  tliut 
no  doubt  can  possibly  arise  about  the  location  of  any  of  thorn. 
In  some  other  respects,  these  species  differ  considerably  from 
each  other,  so  that,  should  their  number  increase,  it  would  be 
necessary  to  break  up  the  genus  Pterocalla  into  smaller  genera. 
The  name  Pterocalla  would,  in  this  case,  remain  to  the  genus 
which  contains  P.  ocellata  Fab.,  as  Mr.  Rondani  established  the 
genus  for  this  species. 


:ii'/.ii 


ORTALlPiE — PTKROCALLA. 


183 


1.  P.  fktrigllla  n.  pp.  ■J,.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  30.)  All)ido-pollino..a, 
piinctis  laaculisquH  deforinibiis  fusco-iiigris  aspersa ;  alie  fusco-iiigrse, 
disco  dilutius  futicn,  puiictis  inaculisquu  fuHco-nigris  varie^ato,  iiiuit;!- 
nibus  autiiu  luacularuiu  liyalinaium  tterie,  po.>^tico  limbo  lutitmculo 
hyaliiiu  uruutis,  vuiiis  loiigitudinalibus  nun  undulutis. 

Clothed  with  white  pollen,  marked  with  browninli-biack  dots  and  irregular 
spots;  wings  brownish-black,  of  a  paler  brown  upon  tbeir  middle,  and 
with  brownish-blauk  spots  and  dots  ;  the  anterior  margin  with  a  row  of 
hyaline  spots  and  the  posterior  margin  with  a  rather  broad  hyaline 
border;  longitudinal  veins  uot  undulated.  Long.  corp.  0.12— U.13 
Long.  al.  0.17—0.18. 

In  the  structure  of  the  head  and  of  its  part.s,  the  coloring  and 
picture  of  the  whole  body,  this  species  resembles  Myennis  vau  very 
much,  but  it  difl'crs  consideral)Iy  in  the  narrow  wings  with  almost 
parallel  sides,  with  a  ditt'erent  venation  and  a  diif'ert'nt  picture. 
The  ground  color  of  the  body  is  an  opaque  brownish-black,  for 
the  most  part  covered  with  a  thick  white  dust;  the  latter's  surface 
on  the  upper  side  is  broken  through  by  brown i.sh-black  dots  and 
a  number  of  rather  regularly  arranged,  but  very  irregularly  shaped, 
brownish-black  spots ;  the  face  does  not  show  any  such  broken 
through  places;  the  upper,  larger  half  of  the  pleuric  shows 
numerous  brownish- black  dots,  which  almost  coalesce  al)ove  into 
a  stripe;  a  little  below  the  middle  of  the  pleursE  there  is  a 
brownish-black  longitudinal  stripe  and  immediately  below  it  a 
narrower  stripe,  formed  by  a  white  pollen;  the  pectus  is  brownish- 
black.  Femora  and  tibiae  brovnish-black  (the  intermediate 
femora  in  the  described  specimen  are  paler  perhaps  in  consequence 
of  immaturity);  all  the  femora  have,  upon  their  last  third,  a  more 
or  less  complete  ring  of  while  pollen ;  their  extreme  tip,  as  well 
as  the  basis  of  the  tibiie,  are  tinged  t/u'u  ytllowish-white;  each 
tibia  shows,  upon  its  middle,  a  very  conspicuoua  white  ring  and 
a  very  sharply  limited  white  tip.  The  yellowish-white  feet  are 
somewhat  infuscated  towards  the  end.  Wings  strikingly  long 
and  narrow,  of  an  unusually  equal  breadth ;  very  obtuse  at  the 
end,  like  in  other  species  of  PterocaUa ;  the  au.xiliary  vein  is 
remarkably  short,  so  that  the  distance  between  its  end  and  the 
end  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  remarkably  large;  the  second 
longitudinal  vein  is  rather  long  ;  the  third  ends  not  far  from  the 
apex  of  the  wing,  and  has,  like  the  others,  a  very  straight  and  not 
at  all  undulated  course ;  the  ends  of  the  third  and  fourth  veins 
hardly  show  a  vestige  of  convergency ;  the  crossveins  are  rather 


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13; 


DlI'TEllA   OF   NORTH    AMERICA. 


[part  111. 


■'* 

; 

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clo.sfly  ttpproxiiuatud ;  the  pu.sturioi'  cru.s.svt'iii,  with  it.s  anttTiur 
end,  i.s  ucarcr  to  thtt  upt-x  thuu  with  its  posterior  t'lul ;  the  pu.^tf- 
rior  angle  of  the  unul  eell  is  druwii  out  in  a  very  long  uiid  poinud 
lobe  (the  figure  nialies  it  too  short  and  heavy).  The  extended 
and  entirely  uninterrupted  pieture  of  the  wings  leaves  near  the 
anterior  margin  au  irregular  row  of  hyaline  spots  and  on  tlio 
posterior  margin  a  broader  hyaline  border,  with  an  irregularly 
undulated  outline;  the  coloring  of  the  picture  is  brownish-black; 
it.s  inner  part  is  paler  brown,  with  uumerous  browuish-blaek  dots 
and  spots. 

Uab.  Georgia  (Berlin  Museum). 


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Gtfu.  II.  STICTOCEPIIALA  nov.  gen. 

Charact,— General  uppeorance :  'l'ryj>eta-likt». 

Front   Very  broad,  with    imiictures ;    uhceka   compa'atively  broad; 

clypeus  soniewliat  projecting  over  the  edge  of  the  mouth. 
WiiKjs  of  the  usual  shape;  tiie  ends  of  the  auxiliary  and  of  the  first 
longitudinal  veins  are  far  distant  from  each  other;  posterior  cross- 
vein  steep;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  acute;  the  third  and 
fourth  longitudinal  veins,  tuwurda  their  end,  at  least  with  a  trace 
of  a  couvergeucy. 

All  the  species  belonging  here  are  onaquo  in  their  coloring ; 
thorax  and  abdomen  are  punctate  in  all  of  them;  moreover,  they 
are  generally  marked  with  other  j»ictures. 

The  species  which  I  know  of  may  be  separated  in  two  groups, 
on  account  of  the  difl'erent  size  of  the  hairs  on  the  front.  Sticto- 
cephala  crihrum  and  cribetlum,  would  belong  to  the  first  group, 
a.  cortitalis  and  vau  to  the  second.  lu  the  two  latter  species, 
the  two  uppermost  of  the  short  hairs,  inserted  on  the  fateral 
border  of  the  front,  assume  the  appearance  of  bristles,  so  that  iu 
this  respect  these  species  are  like  the  Trypetina,  while  this  is  not 
the  case  with  the  two  preceding  species. 

1.  S.  cribellum  n.  sp.  %  ?.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  26.)  Cinerea,  frontis 
parte  antica,  autennis,  facie,  genis,  proboscide,  pal  pis  pedibusque  lutein ; 
alse  hyalinte,  fasciis  quatuor,  prseter  secnudam,  postice  abbreviatis, 
macul£l  apicali  et  veu«e  trauoversalis  posterioris  limbo  fuscis. 

Gray ;  the  anterior  part  of  the  front,  antennae,  face,  cheeks,  proboscis, 
palpi,  and  feet  clay-yellow.  Wings  hyaline,  with  four  bands,  which  are 
abbreviated  posteriorly,  except  the  second  ;  a  spot  at  tlie  apex  and  a 
border  along  the  posterior  urossvein,  browu.  Long.  corp.  0.13 — 0.15; 
long.  al.  0.14—0.15. 


.  'V 

•i. 


OUTALID.E — STICTUCEI'IIALA. 


135 


Light  gray,  front  somewliat  yi'llowish  towards  its  aiiti-rior 
umrgiii,  euvert'd  with  rallier  cuarse  luiiicturt's;  tlio  iiitiicriiiit.st 
Lairs  uoar  liit!  lateral  margin  of  tlio  front  are  nut  lonyi'r  and 
atrongor  than  usual.  Antennu)  clay-yfllow,  third  joint  ntiindcd- 
ovate,  soiuotiniL'S  rather  brownish-yellow.  Ground  c(jlor  of  fine 
and  cheeks  clay-yellowish,  covered  with  a  whitish  pollen.  Pro- 
boscis and  palpi  clay-yellowish.  Thoracic  dorsum  with  some- 
what scattered  blackish-brown  dots,  which  sometimes  coalo.«<ce 
iu  lines  upon  its  posterior  portion;  moreover  with  four  browni-h- 
black  spots  In  a  row  corresi>onding  to  the  transverse  suture. 
Seutellum  with  four  bristles,  turgid,  pale-gray,  with  two  conspicu- 
ously large  shining-black  .spots  at  the  end.  Metathora.x  black, 
pruinose  with  whitish-gray,  rieuriu  dotted  with  brownish-black 
above.  Abdomen  with  similar  dots,  usually  with  a  more  clay- 
yellow  ground  color  at  the  basis;  this  color  is  sometimes  more 
extended  and  gives  the  alxb^men  a  more  yellowish-gray  tinge, 
while  the  thora,\  is  whitish-gray.  Coxae  and  feet  clay-yellow- 
posterior  coxie  at  the  basis  and  the  tarsi  towards  their  tip,  some- 
what infuscated.  Wings  hyaline  with  four  perpendicular,  not 
very  dark,  brown  bands,  a  broad  brown  border  on  tlie  posterior 
crossvein  and  a  brown  apex ;  the  first  band  begins  near  the  ante- 
rior margin  immediately  beyond  the  humeral  crossvein,  and  is  not 
distinctly  perceptible  beyond  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein ;  the 
aual  cell  is  just  filled  out  by  it ;  the  second  band  begins  at  the 
anterior  margin  quite  near  the  en''  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  and  ends 
upon  the  end  of  the  sixth  longitnoinal  vin;  the  third  band  begins 
immediately  before  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  and  runs 
across  the  small  crossvein,  at  the  end  of  which  it  is  interrupted  ; 
the  fourth  band  generally  reaches  from  the  anterior  margin  not 
quite  as  far  as  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  or  is  continued  a  little 
beyond  it  in  the  shape  of  a  faint  shadow. 

Hah.  Nebraska  (Dr.  Ilaydeu). 


'■'■A 


<<». 


■..>• 


'  •  ■ 


■  •?■■ 

■  i  ^ 


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m 


3.  St  cribrum  n.  sp.  9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  2.5.)  Prsecedenti  simillima, 
sed  luajor,  alarum  picture  siiiiili,  sed  sataratiore,  fascii  tertia  et  veiise 
tran.sversalis  posterinris  limbo  in  fasciam  iiitegram  coutluentibiis,  tibia- 
rnro  omnium  apice,  posticarumque  anuulo  medio,  apice  dbuique  tarHorum 
nigria. 

Very  like  tbe  preceding,  but  larger;  tbe  same  picture  of  the  wings,  but 
darker ;  the  third  baud  and  tbe  iufuscation  along  the  posterior  crossvein 


'.■■I.  if.'.,:; 


■■;'■   -J 
I 


■  ■  *         !"■■'*;*-'!"'■  -J* ,-'   '     } 


w   mm 


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V.i^ 


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130 


mi'TERA    OP    NuIlTII    AMERICA. 


[I'AItT  II r 


■  ■>n. 


ootiltiscH  into  an  iiioomplHtt'  oroHHlximl.  Tlie  tip  nf  nil  tlin  til>ii(',  u  llll^' 
uu  iht)  iiiiildlo  ot  tliH  liiiiil  uued  uud  llitt  tip  ut'  uU  tliu  tuiHi,  bliick.  Loiih. 
curp.  ii.21  ;  lung.  al.  O.liO. 

Uiirorluimtely,  1  pussi-ss  only  u  hiiigle,  hiully  prcstTvcd  spcci- 
men  ut'  lliiti  iiKSt'ct.  The  rt'si'Uibluiice  to  llii;  preiotlinj;  hpcriis 
is  80  grout,  that  only  tlie  obtiorvulion  of  tlm  livinp  insci't  <ir 
tliu  counmrisou  of  u  large  iiumltiT  of  siteciniciis,  will  t'linliU'  oiu' 
ulliumloly  to  dt'cido  almut  their  specirH;  divfrsity.  'I'lic  ((ni- 
siderulily  lurger  size,  the  darker  coloring  of  the  j)i(tiire  of  the 
wingrt,  the  eoaleseenee  of  the  third  ero.ssband  of  the  wings  with 
the  infusoation  on  the  posterior  crossvein  into  a  coini>hte  l)aii(l, 
the  diiferenee  in  tlie  coloring  of  tiie  feet  (in  S.  crihrllum  the 
tihiu)  shuw  only  a  weak  trace  of  a  darker  coloring  at  the  tips,  and 
there  is  no  trace  whatever  of  a  ring  on  tlie  hind  tihiu',  the  tar.si 
are  hut  Hiightly  inliiscated  towards  the  end) — all  these  dilVerenccs 
render  a  ypecilic  distinctness  pri)l)al)le,  although,  on  the  oilier 
liand,  the  great  reseiublanco  of  all  the  other  characters  teudb  to 
diminish  this  probahility. 

Ilab.  Middle  States  (Ostcn-Snckon). 

Observation. — In  case  the  specific  identity  of  S.  cribellimx  and 
cribruin  is  proved,  the  latter  name  should  be  retained  fur  the 
species,  as  reju'esenting  the  more  fully  colored,  and  hence,  nuniiul 
specimt^ns,  while  S.  cribellum  would  then  be  r -garded  as  a 
smaller  and  paler  variety. 


!  .   i-Ui-  • 


M\ 


'V-: 


■ .  I 


■'.■■:'ni 


3.  S.  corticaliRFiTcHinlitt.  %  J.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  28.)  Fusco-iiigra, 
polliiiH  allio-ciiitTt-o  asptrsa,  puiictis,  uiuculi.squt'  fu.sfO-iiigrirt  variegata  ; 
alie  albido-hyalinse,  veiiit^  oiiiuilius,  uiauiilisquu  nunierofiis  iiigris. 

Biowiiish-black,  covered  with  a  whiti.sb-gray  pollen  and  with  brownish- 
black  spots  and  dots;  winps  whitish-hyaline,  with  black  veins  and 
numerous  black  spots.     Long.  corp.  %  0.15;  J,  O.li).     Long,  al.  0,17. 

The  ground  color  of  the  body  is  an  opaque  brownish-black. 
Head  of  the  same  coloring,  only  the  front,  towards  its  anterior 
margin,  seems  to  have  a  more  or  less  reddish-brown  or  brownish- 
red  ground  color;  the  pollen  on  the  whole  head  is  whitish-gray ; 
on  the  extreme  lateral  margin  of  the  front  it  is  more  dense  and 
almost  white  ;  upon  the  middle  of  the  front  and  at  a  considerulile 
distance  from  its  sides,  there  are  two  oval,  oblique,  opaque, 
brownish-black  spots;  a  spot  of  the  same  coloring  surrounds  the 
ocelli,  and  has,  upon  each  side  a  smaller  spot,  upon  which  the 


>M» 


OUTALID^K — STICTOCEl'IIALA. 


137 


iniMT  vcrtic'iil  bristlo  is  instTiod.  Tim  two  siiperiur  liuirs  iipmi 
lliu  sides  ul'  lljt!  I'roiit  are  jiruluiigt'd  iiiul  iiicriiH.-suU'il  to  llie  si/.i'  of 
tli>tiiiLa  brislli'S  ;  ubovu  lliu  two  .spolrt  upon  its  luidille,  ihu  liMiit 
has  no  liuirtt,  Iji-suIch  tlit'so  bristles;  below  the  spots,  however,  llio 
front  is  beset  with  oreet  l)liiek  iiiiirs,  inserted  upon  hurdly  per- 
eeptilile  dark  ilots.  Antenniu  ferruf^inous-brosvii,  more  distinelly 
fiTniunnims  on  their  inner  side  t(»wards  tiie  basis;  tiie  third  joint 
round,  black  towards  the  end.  Arista  slightly  inerassated  at  tlio 
basis  and  bluekish-l)rowri  ujion  the  inerassation,  then  pale  yel- 
lowish and  again  (birkcr  towards  the  end.  Thorax  eovered  with 
a  white-grnyisii  pollen  and  with  a  brownish-black  punetation  and 
]»ietnre;  the  latter  consists  often  n.'gularly  arranged  spots  upon 
its  disk,  and  of  a  hnigitndinal  stripe  on  each  side,  which  begins 
at  the  anterior  end  and  reaches  up  to  the  root  of  the  wings;  the 
picture  of  the  j)leunu  consists  of  two  irregular  longitudinal  stripes; 
the  pectus  is  neither  punctato  nor  pictun-d,  and  the  pollen  upon 
it  is  not  equally  distinct  when  viewed  I'roin  dillerent  sides.  The 
rather  turgid  scutelluni  has  a  brownish-black  jdcture,  the  whitish- 
gray  pollen  remaining  visible  on  the  lateral  corners  and  at  the 
end  only.  The  abdomen  agrees  with  the  thora.x  in  its  coloring 
and  has,  besides  the  punetation,  a  regular  and  elegant  brownish- 
black  picture,  which  is  more  fully  developed  in  the  female  than 
in  the  male;  it  consists  of  two  small,  approximated  longitudinal 
stripes  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen,  which  begin  at  the 
posterior  end  of  the  second  segment  and  end  at  the  posterior 
end  of  the  fourth  segment;  on  both  sides  of  these  stripes,  between 
tliom  and  the  lateral  margin,  there  is  a  row  of  conspicuous 
spots,  ])laced  near  the  anterior  margin  of  the  segments  and  not 
reaching  the  posterior  one.  The  first  segment  of  the  ovipositor 
is  very  broad  and  broadly  truncate  at  the  <'nd  ;  brownish-black, 
like  the  rest  of  the  body;  its  basis  is  marked  with  two  very  Inrge 
brownish-ljlack  spots,  reaching  as  far  as  the  middle  and  which 
have  only  a  narrow  stripe  between  them ;  the  latter,  as  well  as 
the  posterior  half  are  covered  with  a  thin,  whitish-gray  pollen, 
and  punctate  with  brownish-I)lack.  Feet  brownish-black;  knees, 
a  rather  broad  ring  upon  the  middle  of  the  tibia?  and  basis  of  the 
tarsi  yellowish.  Halteres  blackish-brown,  the  stem,  with  the 
exception  of  its  basis,  of  a  dirty  whitish.  Wings  hyaline,  viewed 
oblir|uely  strikingly  whitish;  all  the  veins  black  upon  their  whole 
extent.     The  picture  consists  of  rather  numerous  black  spots, 


<^. 


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138 


DIPTEEA   OF   NORTH   AMEllICA. 


[r.vuT  111. 


wliioli  seem  to  be  rather  eonstaiit  in  their  position,  but  less  cuu- 
staiit  in  their  extent;  the  li<,'ure  is  drawn  tVuia  a  female  speeiuien, 
wiiich  has  them  less  extended  ;  usually,  the  inside  of  these  sj»uls 
is  distinelly  paler,  but  this  varies  in  diflereut  speeimeiirt;  vitv 
characteristic  is  the  part  of  the  piciiir',^  surrounding  the  small 
crossvein,  which  does  not  seem  to  be  subjected  to  any  iiupurlaut 
variation. 

llab.   New  York  (A.  Fitch). 

Observation. — The  described  specimens,  a  male  and  a  female, 
were  obtained  by  Baron  Osten-Saeken  from  Dr.  Fitch  under  the 
name  of  Trypela  corlicalis. 

4.  S.  vau  Say.  9.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  29.)  Fusco-nigra,  polline  albo- 
eineieo  asjwrsa,  pnnctis  maculisque  fusco-iiigris  vaiiegata;  al.-e  hyaliiiie, 
uiaculis  octo  nigris.  quatuor  costalibus,  unicil  apicali,  uuic^  inaigini 
postico  coiitigua.  leliquis  uiajore  et  veiiam  transveisalera  posteiiorem 
iiicludeiitH,  duabus  denique  ininoriburt  veiise  longitudinali  sextje  appo- 
sitis;  prreterea  macula  ov:ita  lute.-'cens  penuagiia,  a  mucula  costali 
secmicla  usque  ad  seouudaui  veiise  sextifi  uiauulam  pertiiieus  conspicitur 
et  uiautila  uostse  tertia  eodem  colore  hiteo  cum  iiiaculd.  inargini.j  po-^titi 
cuujuugitur,  ita  ut  fascia  Integra,  iu  medij^  al&  umlto  dilutior,  appareat. 

Brownish-b'ack,  powdert  d  with  wliitisli-gray,  marked  with  brownisli-black 
dotsi  auii  spots  ;  wiug.>  hyaliut?,  with  eight  blaok  spots,  four  on  tlie  costa, 
one  at  the  apex,  one,  larger  than  t)ie  others,  near  the  posterior  margin, 
covering  tiie  posterior  crossvein,  two  smaller  spots  upon  tlie  sixth 
longitudinal  vein;  besides,  there  is  a  very  large  ovate,  brownish-yellow 
spot,  extonding  from  the  second  spot  on  the  anterior  margin  to  the 
second  of  the  two  smaller  spots  on  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  third 
spot  on  the  anterior  margin  is  connected  by  tlie  same  coloring  with  the 
spot  upon  the  posterior  crossvein,  tlius  forming  a  complete  ciossband, 
which  is  much  paler  in  the  middle  of  the  wing.  Long.  corp.  0.16—0.19; 
cum  terebra  0.18—0.24;  long.  al.  0.14—0.18. 

Syn.  Orudis  vau  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Phil.  VI,  184,  4. 

Ground  color  opaque  brownish-black.  Head  of  the  same  color, 
but  the  anterior  portion  of  the  front  and  the  face  of  a  reddish- 
brown  or  dirty  brick-red  colorinjr,  which  sometimes  also  extends 
to  the  middle  line  of  the  front.  The  two  superior  hairs  upon  the 
lateral  margin  of  the  front  are  bristle-like.  The  front,  from  the 
anterior  margin  nearly  as  far  as  the  ocelli,  is  clothed  with  black 
hairs,  inserted  upon  im])ressed  punctures ;  there  is  no  definite 
picture  upon  it.  The  thorax  is  covered  with  a  white  pollen  ami 
punctate  with   brownish-black.      The  picture   on  the   thoracic 


■  f.' 


•^7,  iH 


ORTALIDiE — STICTOCEPIIALA. 


139 


dorsum  consists  of  ten  small  spots,  the  inner  ones  anionj,'  which 
ate  .souielimes  dissolved  into  dots,  and  moreover,  on  eiich  side, 
ol'  a  row  of  spots,  almost  coaleseent  into  an  irregular  longitudinal 
sti'i[)o,  closely  approximated  to  the  exterior  margin  ;  upon  tlio 
pleura3  there  are  two  irregular  longitudinal  stripes ;  the  pectus 
itseil'  is  brownish-black  without  any  paler  pollen  or  paler  picture. 
Ahdomen  with  a  whitish-gniy  pollen,  with  brownish-black  dots 
and  with  four  longitudinal  rows  of  brownish-black  spots,  placed 
u[)on  the  anterior  portion  of  the  segments  ;  between  them,  upon 
the  middle  of  the  third  and  fourth  segments,  there  are  two  still 
smaller  spots  upon  the  '  isterior  portion  of  these  segments.  The 
lirst  segment  of  the  ovipositor  is  brownish-black,  opaque,  without 
any  whitish-gray  pollen  and  without  picture.  Feet  brownish- 
black,  sometimes  only  dark-brown  in  not  fully  colored  specimens  ; 
knees,  a  ring  in  the  middle  of  the  tibiue  and  the  tarsi  clay-yellow ; 
usually  the  last  three  joints  of  the  front  tarsi  and  the  last  two  on 
tbe  posterior  tarsi,  are  more  or  less  infuscated.  ^lalteres 
yellowish-white.  Wings  hyaline,  rather  whitish  when  viewed 
obliquely,  their  picture  consisting  i)arlly  of  a  black,  partly  of  a 
clay-yellow  or  brownish-yellow  coloring;  there  are  four  deep- 
black  spots  upon  the  costa;  the  first  is  composed  of  the  incrassated 
hunicral  crossvein,  and  a  short  line,  immediately  beyond  it, 
between  the  costa  and  the  auxiliary  vein,  so  that  it  has  the  shape 
of  a  fork,  or  almost  of  a  ring;  below  the  humeral  crossvein,  as 
well  as  below  the  snmll  arcuate  crossband,  tuore  are  small  black 
dots  (one  under  each) ;  the  second  deep-black  spot  on  the  ante- 
rior margin  lies  in  the  costal  cell,  but  little  beyond  the  end  of  the 
small  basal  cells;  it  is  circular;  between  it  and  the  third  spot 
oil  the  anterior  margin,  there  is  a  small  deep-black  dot,  placed 
at  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  the  third,  likewise  deep-black 
spot  on  the  anterior  margin,  lies  on  the  end  of  the  subcostal  cell 
and  reaches  the  second  longitudinal  vein;  the  fourth  spot  on  the 
anterior  margin  lies  before  the  end  of  the  marginal  cell;  inside 
of  this  cell  it  is  deep-black,  but  turns  beyond  it  into  brown  and 
furtiier  into  yellowish-brown  ;  it  ends  in  the  middle  between  the 
third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins,  thus  assuming  the  shape  of 
a  perpendicular  crossband,  which  is  broader  at  its  anterior  end. 
At  the  apex  of  the  wing  there  is  another  black  spot,  which  l)egins 
immediately  beyond  the  termination  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vein  and  extends  but  little  beyond  the  end  of  the  fourth  longitu. 


■M.  mm 


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11    rr,.'*q:'-:;' 


140 


DIPTERA    OP   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


dinal  vein.  The  posterior  orossvein  is  covered  by  a  brownish- 
blacli  spot,  wliieli  is  especially  expanijed  near  llie  posterior  margin 
and  the  anterior  end  of  which  is  connected  by  an  ochre-yellowish 
or  somewhat  brownish-yellow  coloring  with  the  third  spot  of  the 
anterior  margin,  thus  forming  a  complete  crossband,  somewhat 
expanded  posteriorly  and  tinged  with  yellowish  in  the  middle. 
iSonietimes,  however,  the  brown  spot  upon  the  posterior  crossvcin 
is  somewhat  more  isolated  from  the  yellowish  coloring  and  exteiiils 
in  the  direction  of  the  half-crossband,  formed  by  the  fourth  spot 
on  the  anterior  margin.  This  less  common  variety  is  the  one 
described  by  Say,  1.  c. ;  the  ordinary  picture  is  represented  on 
Tab.  VIII,  f.  2!),  of  the  present  volume.  On  the  anterior  side 
of  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein  there  are  two  black  spots  of  only 
moderate  size  and  rounded  shape.  Of  them,  the  second  only 
crosses  that  vein,  gradually  to  fade  away.  Between  the  second 
costal  spot  and  the  second  of  the  two  spots  of  the  sixth  vein, 
there  is  a  very  large  oval  ochre-yellowish  or  more  brownisji- 
ochreous  spot;  it  reaches  on  one  side  as  far  as  the  posterior  basal 
cell,  and  assumes  within  tl»e  marginal  cell  a  rather  dark-l)rown 
coloring.  The  veins  of  the  wing  are  black  or  brownish-Iilai-k 
inside  of  the  picture,  clay-yellow  elsewhere.  The  third  and 
fourth  longitudinal  veins  converge  towards  their  end  a  little  more 
than  in  the  preceding  species. 

Hab.  United  States. 

Observation. — I  possess  six  female  specimens  and  no  male,  but 
have  seen  the  latter  in  other  collections.  It  does  not  show  any 
perceptible  difference  from  the  female,  except  in  the  sexual  marks. 

Gen.  III.  CAE.LOPISTRIA  no7.  gen. 

Charact. —  Gpnornl  appearance  almost  Trypeta-like. 

Front  ixceedingly  broad,  with  impressed  punctures;  cheeks  com- 
paratively broad ;  clypeiis  somewhat  projecting  over  the  edge  of  the 
month,  sometimes  withdrawn  inside  of  the  oral  opening. 
Wii)(is  with  an  unusually  convex  posterior  margin  ;  posterior  cross- 
vein  very  oblique,  its  anterior  end  muth  more  approximated  to  the 
apex  of  the  wing,  than  the  posterior  end ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  a  very  long,  acute  lobe. 

The  species  upon  which  this  genua  is  l)ased,  cannot  well  be 
placed  in  the  genus  Slictocfphala  on  account  of  the  remarkaldo 
difference  in  the  outline  of  the  wings  as  well  as  in  the  venalidii. 


ORTALID^  — CALLOPISTRIA. 


Ul 


In  other  respects  this  species  agrees  witii  the  preceding  genus  in 
tlie  structure  of  the  body;  witli  S.  voHivaUs  and  vuu  it  even 
agrees  in  the  coloring  and  the  picture  of  tlie  body,  as  well  us  in 
the  bristle-like  nature  of  the  upper  hairs  ou  the  sides  of  the  front. 

1.  C.  aiiuulipes  MAca.  %  J.— (Tab.  VIII,  f.  27.)  Fapco-nii;ra, 
a'.bido-pollinosa,  et  puiiotia  uiaculiaque  fusto-nigrid  vaiiegata,  tibiis 
tai.sin.iue  pallide  luie.sceulibus,  illis  ingio-triaunulatis,  hia  apiceiu  versus 
iuluscatis ;  ala  hyaiiuae,  maculis  punutisquH  iiigris  confertiin  asiiersje. 

Brownisli-black,  with  a  whitish  pollen,  pictured  with  brownish-black  spots 
aud  dots;  tibi*  and  tarsi  pale-yell(»wish,  the  former  with  three  black 
rings,  the  latter  brown  towards  their  end.  Wings  liyaline,  ilensely 
covered  with  black  spots  and  dots.  Long.  onrp.  1  0.14—0.15;  J  0.17; 
long.  al.  0.16—0.18. 

Syn.  Plutystoma  nnnulipes  Macqitart,  Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  V,  p.  121. 

The  ground  color  of  the  body  is  brownish-black  and  opaque; 
the  pollen,  covering  it,  is  whitish-gray.  Head  of  the  same  color, 
covered  everywhere  with  brownish-black  spots,  moreover,  dotted 
with  brownish-black  upon  the  front  and  the  cheeks;  upon  the 
posterior  orbit  especially  there  is  a  conspicuous  short  row  of 
hrownish-black  spots.  Front  very  broad,  percej)tibly  narrower 
anteriorly,  where  it  is  yellowish  or  yellowish-red.  Eyes  rather 
stronirly  projecting.  Antenna}  brown,  the  first  two  joints  and  the 
larfrcr  part  of  the  inner  side  of  the  third  joint  yellowish-brown, 
sometimes  much  paler.  Thoracic  dorsum  with  brownist  -black 
dots,  which  coalesce  into  ill-defined,  although  regularly  arranged, 
ppots.  Scutellum  somewhat  swollen,  with  four  bristles,  two 
hrownisli-black  longitudinal  stripes  and  two  blackish-brown  dots, 
upon  which  the  lateral  l)ristles  are  inserted.  PlenriC  liki-wise  with 
hrownish-black  dots  and  spots;  the  latter  ^brni  two  irregular  and 
incomplete  longitudinal  stripes.  Pectus  brownish-black,  with  a 
brown,  but  little  perceptible,  pollen.  Abdomen  with  brownish- 
black  dots  and  regularly  arranged  spots;  the  first  segment  of  the 
ovipositor  is  for  the  most  part  covered  with  a  whiti.-^h-gray  i)()llen 
and  punctate  with  brownish-black.  Femora  brown isli-ljlack,  with 
a  more  or  less  distinct,  broad,  irregular  ring,  covered  with  gray 
pollen,  and  with  black  dots;  the  tip  is  pnle-yellowish.  Tibiic 
pale-yellowish  with  three  regular  brownish-black  rings;  the  first 
noar  the  basis,  the  last  before  the  ape.^ ;  tarsi  of  the  same  color 
as  the  tibiae,  infuscated  towards  the  tip.    Ilalteres  pale-yellowish. 


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142 


DIPTERA  OP   NORTH  AMERICA. 


[part  hi. 


Wings  of  an  unusual  shape,  on  account  of  the  great  convexity 
of  the  posterior  margin,  hyaline,  with  black  veins  and  nnmeroiis 
partly  only  punctiform,  partly  rather  large  black  spots  of  an 
irregular  sh.ape;  the  punctiform  dots  prevail  in  the  middle,  while 
the  borders  of  the  wing  are  principally  occupied  by  larger  spots, 
among  which  those  along  the  posterior  margin  do  not  entirely 
reach  the  latter.  The  peculiarities  of  the  venation  are  indicated 
above,  among  the  generic  characters. 

Hab.  United  States  ;  very  common. 

Observation. — I  do  not  entertain  the  slightest  doubt  that 
Maccpiart's  Platyaloma  annulipes  is  the  above-described  species. 
Ills  description  agrees  perfectly  well,  with  the  exception  of  the 
words :  "  face  blanche,  une  petite  tiche  ronde  d'un  noir  luisant  de 
chaque  cote."  All  my  specimens  have,  on  the  sides  of  the  face, 
or  rather  on  the  cheeks,  nothing  but  brownish-black,  opaque, 
irregular  spots. 

Gen.  IV.  nriTE^VXIS  R.  Desv. 

Charact. —  General  appearance:  Trypeta-like. 

Third  (uitennal  joint  oval ;    cheeks  broad,  clypeus  small,  projecting 

over  tlie  edge  of  the  mouth. 
Wingx  narrow  in  comparison  to  their  length,  a  little  more  attenuated 
towards  the  apex ;  tlie  first  longitudinal  vein  beset  with  bristles 
upon  the  portion  only,  which  forms  the  limit  of  the  very  long 
sticma  ;  before  this  spot  the  first  longitudinal  vein  appears  almost 
bare,  the  pubescence  beins,  very  short  and  delicate ;  the  two  poste- 
rior basal  cells  are  comparatively  large;  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  is  pointed  ;  the  posterior  emi  of  both  crossveins  is  nearer 
the  apex  of  the  wing  tban  their  anterior  end,  so  that  their  position 
is  a  very  obliqne  one. 

The  genus  Mi/envia  was  established  by  Rob.  Desvoidy  for 
Scatophnrja  fai^ciata  Fab.  As  Trijpeta  scutellaris  Wied.  agrees 
with  that  species  in  the  above-enumerated  characters,  we  can,  for 
the  present,  unhesitatingly  refer  it  to  Myenvis.  The  peculiarity, 
however,  of  the  PfproroUinn,  of  showing  considerable  plastic  dif- 
ferences almost  from  species  to  species,  appears  again  in  the  two 
above-named  species.  In  P.  acnfollnris  Wied.  the  eyes  are  U.^s 
round,  the  cheeks  broader,  the  scutellnm  less  swollen,  the  cross- 
veins  less  approximated,  the  longitudinal  veins,  instead  of  straiirht, 
somewhat  undulated,  and  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins, 
towards  their  end,  not  distinctly  convergent,  but  parallel. 


m 


ORTALIDiE — MYEN'NIS. 


143 


1,  ]?I.  Scutellaria  WiED.  %  9* — Cinerea,  antennis  flavis.  peililms  tfx 
fusco  tfrttaceis,  thoracis  luargiue  laterali  utro-uiuoulato,  acutello  tiuuiilo  ; 
ala  angustse,  Iiyaliuse,  faHuiola  basali,  fasuiis  dualiiis  discoidalibu^  aiiticH 
coiniatis,  plagatjue  apicali  ex  iiijjro  fusois  piutae,  prajterea  in  celluli;* 
margiiiali  et  aubmargiuali  luauulis  aliquut  fu^uid  varicgatie 

Vnr.  %  lascia  discoiJali  seuuilda  iuler  veuas  trausveraaled  late  interrupt^. 

Ciuereoud,  witU  yellow  antennae  and  browniali-yellow  feet ;  the  lateral 
margin  of  the  thorax  with  bhu-k  spoid;  tlie  suutellum  swollen  ;  the 
narrow  wings  are  hyaline;  a  small  urossband  at  the  basis,  two  cross- 
bands,  connecteil  anteriorly,  upon  the  middle  of  the  wing  and  a  large 
spot  upon  the  apex,  brownish-black;  moreover  several  browu  spots  iu 
the  marginal  and  submarginal  cells. 

Vur.  %  the  second  of  the  two  bands  upou  the  middle  of  the  wiug,  is 
broadly  interrupted  in  the  middle. 

Long.  Corp.  0.17—0.18;  long.  al.  0.17—0.18. 

SVN.    Trypeta  scutdlaris  Wikdemann,  Auss.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  484. 

Trypilu/  scutellurU  Lokw,  Mouogr.  of  N.  A.  Dipt.  I,  p.  92.     Tab.  II,  f. 

2U,  27. 

Very  like  a  Trypeta  in  its  general  appearance.  Head  com- 
paratively high.  The  under  side  of  the  occiput  rather  tumid. 
Front  yellow,  of  a  medium  breadth,  long,  its  anterior  margin 
rather  projecting.  Face  somewhat  retreating,  a  little  excavated, 
iiifuscated  inferiorly,  covered  with  a  pale-colored  dust ;  antennal 
foveas  hardly  indicated.  Eyes  oval.  Cheeks  brown,  very  broad. 
Proboscis  not  perceptibly  incrassated.  Palpi  short,  but  broad, 
of  a  dusky  reddish-yellow;  clypeus  small  and  narrow.  Antennai 
ochro-yellow;  the  third  joint  oval,  altogether  rounded  at  the  end  ; 
arista  rather  long  and  bare;  it  is  thin  at  "  ;  end,  but  gradually 
stouter  towards  the  basis.  The  upper  part  of  the  thorax  dark- 
gray  from  a  thick  dust;  the  ground  color  of  the  humeri  more  or 
loss  ferruginons-ycUow.  Upon  the  lateral  border  of  the  thorax 
tliore  is  an  irrcguh;r  row  of,  for  the  most  part  contiguous,  black 
spots;  the  largest  among  them  is  near  the  posterior  corner;  one 
is  higher  upon  the  upper  part  of  the  thorax  than  the  others  and 
near  the  transverse  suture.  The  hairs  and  bristles  are  also  placed 
upon  very  small,  and  but  little  perceptible,  black  dots.  Sentellnni 
with  four  bristles,  rather  turgid,  of  a  shining  dark-brown,  with  a 
clay-yellow  median  stripe;  sometimes  the  clay-yellow  color  is 
more  extended.  Pleurrc  blackish-brown,  the  posterior  part  ve'- 
lowish-brown.  Abdomen  of  the  male  cinereous;  the  penultima.e 
segment  shining-black,  more  thickly  dusted  towards  the  posterior 


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144 


DIl'TEllA   OF    NOUTII    AMEUICA. 


[pAilT  ;ii. 


margin,  and  lience  gray  and  opaque;  the  last  segnaent  is  similur 
to  tiie  peuullimutu,  only  the  dust  on  the  posterior  margin  is  less 
extended.     The  female  has  a  blackish-gray  abdomen  (its  eulur- 
ing,  however,  seems  ^o  have  been  unnaturally  modilied  in  the 
four  specimens  which  1  had  for  examination) ;  at  the  basis  of  tlio 
last  three  segments  a  darker  coloring  is  perceptible,  but  it  is  nut 
shining.     The  flattened,  broad,  yellowish-brown  ovipo  'tor  is  but 
very  little  attenuated  towards  its  end.     Feet  brownish-yellow, 
the  front  femora  at  the  basis,  the  four  ptjsterior  ones  near  tlie 
apex,  brown.     The  more  maturely  colored  male  has  the  greater 
part  of  the  femora  dark-l)rown,  the  lirst  half  of  the  tibiaj  and  a 
faded  ring  upon  the  middle  of  their  second  half,  yellowish-bruwu. 
Wings  comparatively  long  and  narrow;  the  6rst  longitudinal  vein 
reaches  far  beyond  the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin  and  is  beset 
with  bristles  along  the  sidt  of  the  very  long  stigma  only ;  the 
longitudinal  veins  have  a  very  irregular  undulated  course;  both 
crossveins  have  their  anterior  end  nearer  to  the  root  of  the  wing, 
than  the  posterior  end;  the  r  position  is  consequently  a  distinctly 
oblique  one  and  both  are  slightly  bisinuated;  the  third  longitu- 
dinal vein  is  not  beset  with  bristles.     Both  small  basal  cells  are 
rather  large  in  size;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  strongly 
pointed;    the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  are  parallel 
towards  their  end.     The  stigma  is  brownish-black  ;  a  brownish- 
black  picture   is  contiguous  to  it,  which  has  almost  the  shape 
of  an  inverted  V ;  it  is  formed  by  two  crossbands  which  are 
coalescent  in  front;  the  first  is  broader  and  runs  from  the  basis 
of  the  stigma  over  the  basis  of  the  discal  and  of  the  third  poste- 
rior cells  rather  perpendicularly,  almost  reaching  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  wing,  while  the  narrower  second  band  takes  an 
oblique  course  over   both   crossveins,   as  far  as   the  posterior 
margin ;  a  short,  but  rather  broad  brownish-black  crossband  runs 
from  the  humeral  crossvein  as  far  as  the  basis  of  the  anal  coll; 
upon  the  apex  there  is  a  very  large  blackish-brown  spot,  bcp-in- 
ning  at  the  end  of  the  marginal  cell  and  extending  to  the  tip  of 
the  second  posterior  cell ;  in  the  submarginal  cell,  between  this 
large  spot  and  the  preceding  crossband,  there  is  a  brownish-black 
spot  of  a  considerable  size,  which,  however,  is  very  variable  in 
different  specimens;   the  portion  of  the  marginal  cell  situiitcd 
between   the   stigma   and   the   apical    spot  has   blackish-brown, 
brownish  and  almost  hyaline  spots;  a  small  spot  of  a  much  darker 


e  tip  of 

'cn  tliis 
;h-black 
able  in 

itiintcil 
•brmvii, 

darker 


ORT  ALID  ja — D  AS  Y  M  KTOPA. 


Ii5 


tinge  lies  near  the  onterior  side  of  tlie  sofoml  luiigitudiual  vein, 
be^ow  the  point  of  the  stigma.  Tiie  picture  of  the  wings  seuiiid 
to  be  rather  variable,  the  end  of  the  exterior  costal  cull  being 
sometimes  blackish-brown,  sometimes  hyaline;  the  other  dark 
spots  are  sometimes  faded  upon  their  middle,  sometimes  also  less 
extended.  In  a  male  in  the  Berlin  Museum,  the  only  specimen 
of  that  sex  which  I  have  seen,  the  crossband  covering  both  cross- 
veins  is  broadly  interrupted  between  them  (compare  the  figure  in 
Monographs,  etc..  Vol.  I,  Tab.  II,  f.  26).  At  first,  I  supposed 
this  diDference  to  be  a  sexual  one,  but  I  doubt  this  now,  since  I 
have  had  an  opportunity  of  ascertaining  the  great  inconstancy  of 
the  picture  of  the  wings  of  the  female. 

Hah.  Mexico. 

Observation. — The  figures  given  in  the  Monographs,  etc..  Vol. 
I,  Tab.  II,  f.  26,  27,  are  sufficiently  correct  as  far  as  the  picture 
of  the  wing  is  concerned,  but  the  outline  of  the  wing  is  not  well 
rendered;  they  are  represented  as  too  broad  in  proportion  to 
their  length. 

SECOND  DIVISION. 
OETALIDiE  HAVING  TIIE  FiBST  LONGITUDINAL  \  BIN  BaRE. 

First  Section:  Ulidina. 

Gbn.  I.  DASYMETOPA  Lobw. 

Charact, — Front  broad,  narrower  anteriorly,  abundantly  bairy  on   the 

whole  surface,  the  hairs  cn  its  sides  not  longer. 
A'itennce  rather  short,  tliirc  Joint  elongated-oval,  with  a  thin,  bare 

arista. 
Face  not  ezcav  .ted,  descen'ing  vertically;   clypeus  projecting  over 

the  border  of  the  mouth ;  opening  of  the  mouth  not  large ;  proboscis 

but  little  thickened. 
Thorax  bristly  on  its  hind  part  only;  scutellum  with  a  rather  even 

surface  and  with  four  bristles. 
Wings  broader  than  those  of  the  related  genera;  sti'craa  of  a  very 

conspicuous  size;  posterior  crossvein  oblique,  its  anterior  end  being 

much  nearer  the  apex  of  the  wing  than  the  posterior;   the  last 

section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  strongly  bent  forward ; 

the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  a  point. 

The  general  nppcnrance  of  the  species  of  this  eenns  is  very 
much  like  that  of  Trypeta;  the  coloring  of  the  species  nt  present 
10 


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146 


DIPTERA   OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


known  is  not  metallic.  The  peculiar  venation  di.stinguislics  llie.se 
species  from  all  the  others  of  iLe  present  groi.p.  Tlie  typical 
species  is  D.  lutulenla  Loew  (lierl.  Eu'om.  Zeitschr.  XI,  :i>j,j; 
Tab.  11,  fig.  1),  from  Surinam. 

No  Dasymetoijae  from  2sorth  America  are  as  yet  known. 

Oen.  II.  OEDOPA  Loew. 

Char  act, —Ilead  conspicuously  large ;  front  unusually  broad ;  ocelli  on  the 
edge  of  the  vertex,  very  closely  approximated. 

Antenna  very  short  and  very  distaut  from  each  other;  third  joint 
rounded,  with  a  ti.in,  bare  arista;  frontal  fissure  running  in  an 
almost  straight  line  from  antenna  to  antenna;  no  frontal  lunule. 

Face  broad,  somewhat  conve>c,  with  a  small  excavation  under  each 
antenna ;  its  lateral  portions  conspicuously  broad,  distinctly 
separated  from  the  middle  poiiion. 

Eijes  rather  round,  but  somewhat  broader  than  high,  comparatively 
small,  hardly  reaching  the  middle  of  the  height  of  the  head  ;  heuee, 
the  cheeks  unusually  broad. 

Clypetis  not  Iwrseshoe-shapcd  and  thus  Burrounding  the  proboscis, 
but  lobiform,  connate  with  the  anterior  edge  of  the  comparativi-ly 
small  oral  opening  ;  jiroboscis  small. 

Thorax  with  bristles  on  its  hind  part  only;  scutellum  flat,  with  four 
bristles. 

Wiugs :  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  towards  its 
tip,  is  somewhat  curved  forward  and  thus  convergent  towards  tlie 
third  vein  ;  posterior  crossveiu  curved  in  the  shape  of  an  S;  poste- 
rior angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  an  elongated  point. 

The  body  appears  very  bare  on  account  of  the  sparseness  and 
shortness  of  the  hairs,  as  well  as  of  the  shortness  of  the  bri.«tles. 
The  structure  of  the  head  resembles  somewhat  that  of  some  South 
Asiatic  Ortalidse,  while  similar  American  forms  have,  before 
now,  not  been  known. 

1.  O.  capito  LoEW.  %  5.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  1-3.)  Albicans, fascia frontis 
tenui,  thoracisque  vittis  nigris,  in  snpero  faciei  margiue  maculis  atiis 
tribns,  lateralibus  ovatis,  mediH  didym&. 

"Whitish;  front  with  a  Mack  transverse  band,  thorax  with  black  longitu- 
dinal stripes  ;  the  upper  margin  of  the  face  with  three  deep  black  spot^ ; 
the  lateral  ones  oval,  the  middle  one  double.  Long.  corp.  0.18 — 0.2;'; 
long.  al.  0.15—0.22. 

Syn.     Oedopa  capita  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr  XI,  p.  287,  Tab.  II,  f.  2. 

Head  yellowish-white,  only  the  middle  of  the  occiput  somcwliat 
blackish;  the  ocelli  are  placed  upon  a  punctiform  black  dot;  the 


ORT  A  LI  n  a: — OEDOPA. 


147 


very  broad  front  lins,  somewhat  below  its  middle,  a  narrow, 
gently  curved,  blackish  crussl»and,  above  wliieh  tlie  single,  riitlier 
sparse  hairs  are  inserted  in  small,  somewhat  darker  colored  pits; 
this  is  not  the  case  below  the  crossband;  no  stripes  run  from  the 
vertex  down  along  the  orbits  of  the  eyes.     Antennaj  yellow,  the 
place  of  insertion  of  the  arista  infuscated  or  blackened  ;  between 
the  eye  and  the  antenna  there  is,  on  each  side,  a  transversely- 
oval,  velvet-black  spot;  between  the  antennoe  and  next  to  the 
frontal  fissure  is  another  velvet-black  transverse  spot;    which 
consists  of  tvo  small   semi-oval   transverse  dots.      The  face, 
including  the  ci)'pcus  and  the  very  broad  cheeks,  is  more  whitish 
than  the  front ;  tiie  cheeks  with  a  very  delicate,  easily  rubbed 
off,  whitish  down.    Eyes  during  life  with  two  narrow  crossbands, 
which  are  sometimes  perceptible  even  in  dry  specimens.     Palpi 
yellow,  with  delicate,  pale  hairs.     Thorax  and  scutellum  whitish- 
yellow;   the  dorsum  of  the  thorax  with  six  parallel,  blackish 
longitudinal  stripes ;  the  two  intermediate  ones  extend  also  over 
the  flat  scutellum.      rieura9  with   three  blackish   longitudinal 
strip(!s,  the  upper  one  of  which  occupies  the  border  between  the 
dorsum  ;ind  the  pleura;  quite  downwards,  moreover,  there  is  a 
stripe-shaped  black  spot,  which,  however,  seems  to  be  produced 
by  the  rubbing  off  of  the  dust  on  the  upper  part  of  the  pectus. 
Abdomen  flat  and  rather  narrow,  whitish  in  consequence  of  the 
very  dense  dust  which  covers  it ;  the  ground  color,  I'owever,  is 
blackish,  except  the  posterior  part  of  the  last  segment  in  the 
female;  the  short,  black  hairs  are  inserted  on  small  black  dots, 
which  are  so  closely  approximated  in  the  vicinity  of  the  lateral 
border  that  they  appear  confluent,  as  irregular  longitudinal  spots; 
the  last  segment  of  the  abdomen  of  the  male  is  very  much 
elongated;  the  first  segment  of  the  female  ovipositor  is  attenuated 
towards  'its  end,  otherwise  it  looks  like  the  remainder  of  the 
abdomen;  its  punctuation,  however,  is  much  closer  and  finer; 
its  adaptation  to  the  abdomen  is  po  ciuse,  that  it  might  easily  be 
taken  for  the  last  abdominal  segment,  especially  when,  as  often 
happens,  the  black  second  and  the  yellowish  third  joint  of  the 
ovipositor  arc  altogether  withdrawn  into  it.     Feet  yellowish  with 
whitish  dust;  the  posterior  femcra  generally  with  a  blackish  spot, 
on  the  underside  before  the  tip;  all  the  tibia?  with  two  black 
rings,  the  upper  one  of  which  is  narrower  and  usually  interrn|)ted 
ou  the  upper  side  of  the  tibia  ;  fore  tarsi  blackened  beyond  the 


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148 


DIPTERA   OP   NOIITH   AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  iir. 


tip  of  the  first  joint ;  the  other  tarsi  hiackcned  to  a  siiiallor  extent, 
llaltcrcs  yellowirih-white.  Wings  rather  hjaiine,  of  a  dirty 
whitish  tinge;  the  second  and  the  next  following  longitudinal 
veins,  as  well  as  the  crossveins  which  connect  them,  are  Lla(  .v ; 
the  other  veins  yellowish;  stigma  small,  of  the  same  coloring  us 
the  rest  of  the  wing;  the  picture  of  the  wing  consists  of  five  l)rii\vii 
spots  with  somewhat  paler  nuclei ;  three  of  them  are  in  the 
marginal  cell,  near  the  anterior  margin  :  the  first,  which  like  tlio 
second  is  obliijue,  is  placed  at  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  I  the  last  is  at  the  end  of  the  marginal  cell ;  beyond  this  is 
the  fourth,  a  transverse  spot  in  the  submarginal  cell,  immedialoly 
under  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein;  and  again  under 
the  latter  is  the  last  spot,  which  is  rounded  and  i)laced  in  the 
first  posterior  cell.  The  last  three  spots  have  the  appearance  of 
a  narrow,  very  much  shortened  transverse  band,  which  appearance 
is  more  distinct  in  those  specimens,  in  which  these  spots  arc 
somewhat  larger  than  usual.  The  small  crossvein  is  beyond  the 
middle  of  the  discal  cell,  but  before  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein. 

Mab.  Nebraska  (Dr.  Hayden), 

Gen.  III.  IVOTOGRAmiWA  Loew. 

Charact. — Front  of  an  equal,  rather  considerable  breadth,  scrobiculate. 

Antennce  rather  long ;  third  joint  elongated,  with  a  thin,  bare  arista. 

Face  very  short,  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth  very  much  drawn 
upwards  ;  cli/peus  considerably  projecting  over  it. 

Thorax  with  bristles  ou  ita  hind  portion  only;  scutellum  flat,  with 
sharp  edges. 

Wings:  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a  point ;  second 
half  of  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  very  much 
Lent  forward;  posterior  crossvein  perpendicular;  auxiliary  vein 
unusually  short,  and  hence,  the  narrow  stigma  very  long. 

1.  IV.  stigma  Fab.  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  5.)  Nigro-chalybea,  thorace 
lineis  alternantibus  nigris  et  Iffite  vireacentibua  variegato,  alarum  limbo 
oostali  macu'isque  parvis  nigris. 

Blackish-steelblue,  thorax  with  lines,  showing  alternately  a  blackish  and 
a  pale-green  reflection ;  wings  with  the  anterior  margin  bordered  with 
black,  and  with  small  black  spots.    Long.  corp.  0.11—0.16 ;  long.  al.  0.1. 

Stn.  Miisca  stigma  FABRicins,  Ent.  Syst.  Suppl.  p.  663,  72. 
Musca  stigma  Fabricids,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  303,  96. 
Dacus  obtu'us  Fabkicics,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  278,  30. 


>^•l 


ORTALlDiB  — NOTDCillAMMA. 


149 


Ulidia  stigma  Wieukma.vn,  AuH.i.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  505,  1. 
Notoijramma  cimicijunuis  Loi^w,  Uurl.  Kutuui.  Zvitduhr.  XI,  p.  289,  Tab. 
II,  fig.  3. 

Head  rather  disciform.  Front  reddish  brown,  scrohiculate, 
roniarkubly  hairy;  llie  ratiier  conspicuous  stripes,  descending 
from  the  vertex  ulonjf  tliu  orbilH  of  the  eyes,  and  the  elongated 
oeelhir  triangle  are  .steel-biuissh,  shining;  llie  ocelli  are  placed 
near  the  edge  of  the  vortex,  and  are  approximated  to  each  other. 
The  first  two  antennal  joints  brownish-black;  the  elongated  third 
joint  brownish-briekred,  brown  towards  the  tip.  Face  and 
clypeus  metallic  blaekish-green,  but  little  tinged  with  blue.  The 
dorsum  of  the  thorax  lia.s  numerous  black  longitudinal  stripes, 
which  are  separated  by  finer  lines,  having  a  metallic,  light-green 
reflection  and  traced  as  if  with  a  trembling  hand.  I'leune 
metallic  blackish-steclbluc,  strongly  tinged  with  greenish;  above 
the  fore  coxie  with  ft  large  si)ot,  covered  with  white  pollen; 
from  this  place  to  the  suture  which  runs  down  from  the  root  of 
the  wings,  the  pleura;  are  covered  with  deep-black,  punctiform 
dots,  upon  which  single  hairs  are  inserted.  Scutellum  rather 
large,  flat,  sharp-edged,  metallic  greenish-black,  but  rather  dusky. 
Abu  omen  shining,  blackish-steelblue;  the  first  segment  of  the  flat- 
tened ovipositor  is  of  the  same  color,  and  attenuated  towards  its 
end.  Feet  black;  tarsi  briek-red,  the  foremost  ones  from  the  tip 
of  the  first  joint,  the  four  posterior  ones  from  the  tip  of  the  second 
joint,  brownish-black ;  the  hind  tibiae  somewhat  compressed. 
Halteres  dirty-yellow.  Wings  comparatively  short,  rather  hya- 
line, with  conspicuous,  black  veins ;  the  costal  and  marginal  cells 
have  an  altogether  block  coloring,  which  forms  a  l)order  along  the 
apex  of  the  wing,  extending  from  the  tip  of  the  marginal  cell 
across  that  of  the  sulmmririnal  and  of  tlie  first  posterior  cells;  it 
becomes  less  intense  her  ;  in  the  submarginal  cell,  above  the 
small  crossvein,  there  is  a  black  dot  and  farther  towards  the  apex 
a  small,  triangular  black  spot ;  between  the  two  again  a  black  lon- 
gitudinal line,  which  extends  as  far  as  the  triangular  spot;  the 
picture  in  the  first  posterior  cell  is  a  similar  one,  only  the  first 
black  dot  is  wanting  and  the  two  other  block  spots  are  somewhat 
more  a[)proximated  to  the  apex  of  the  wing;  in  the  discal  cell 
there  are  also  two  blnck  spots,  ttie  smaller  one  before,  the  larger 
one  beyond  its  middle ;  the  second  posterior  cell  is  marked  in  the 


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DIPTKRA    (»P    NOUTII    AMERICA. 


1     'I 


[part  III. 


niiildlu  with  a  ])Uiictitorni  black  dot;'  linully,  in  tliu  third  coil,  not 
far  beyond  tiio  tilth  ioiif^itudiuul  vein,  thi-ro  arc  two  «ucot's.sivc 
puiK'lifurin  hiafki.sli  spots;  tiie  siimil  cr<jssvt'iii  is  in  tliu  middle 
of  the  discal  cull ;  ilut  posterior  crossvcin  is  straight. 

llab.   Cul»a  (Guudlach). 

Observation. — The  accurate  knowledge  which 'NViedemaiui  hud 
of  Fabricius's  collection  enables  us  to  admit  hia  authority  us  to 
the  synonymy  of  Dacun  uhtumis  Fab.  with  Musca  uliyma  Fui). 
Wiedemann  had  a  large  number  of  specimens  of  iJ/».sxa  atiijuia 
(wliich  he  placed  in  the  genus  Ulidia)  for  comparison,  and  il  is 
upoti  the  ground  of  this  comparison  that  he  adirmed  that  the 
presence  or  absence  of  a  pale  spot  upon  the  black  border  of  the 
costa  does  not  constitute  a  specific  character.  \Ve  can  therefore 
safely  accept  the  synonymy  of  JUuxca  atitjma  Fab.  with  Koto- 
gramma  cimiviformia  Loew,  the  latter  being  the  variety  iu  which 
the  pale  spot  is  wanting. 


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Qen.  IV.  EUPHARA  LoEir. 

Charact. — Front  of  an  equal,  moderate  breadth ;   scrobionlate,  coarsely 

hairy. 
Atitennm  almoBt  more  than  of  medium  length;  third  joint  elongated, 

with  a  thin,  bare  arista. 
Face  excavated;  clijpeus  projecting. 
Thorax  with  bristles  on  its  hind  part  only ;  scule/liim  convex,  with  four 

brJHtles. 
Wings:  Posterior  angle  c.  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a  point ;  the  last 

section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  parullel  to  the  third ;  tiie 

small  crossvein  rather  approximate  to  the  posterior  crossveiu  ;  tlie 

latter  perpendicular. 

The  principal  characters  which  distinguish  this  gcnns  from  the 
following  one,  to  which  it  stands  nearest,  are  the  shorter  and  not 
attenuated  stigma  and  the  parallelism  of  the  third  and  fourth 
longitudinal  veins.  Moreover,  all  the  species  of  this  genus  seem 
to  have  black  crossbands  on  the  wings,  while  in  those  of  the  next 
following  genus  only  the  costal  cell,  the  stigma,  and  the  apex  of 
the  wing  are  blackened.  The  typical  species  is  Ceroxys  coerulea 
Macq.  (Dipt.  Fxot.  Suppl.  Ill,  j).  02,  Tab.  VII,  f  6),  from 
Brazil,  again  described  by  me  as  Euphara  coerulea  (Berl.  Ent. 


'  It  is  inadvertently  omitted  in  the  figure;  the  spots  in  the  nest  cell 
likewise  are  but  very  feeblv  maik«d. 


are  but  very  feebly  marked 


W;f  :i;il!i. 


U' 


i     I 


ORTALin.E. — APUOSTICTA. 


151 


Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  291,  Tab.  II,  f.  4  ;  tlit-  figure  of  the  wing  is  re- 
proiliicod  ill  Uie  prosciit  voliiiiio,  Tab.  IX,  f.  4). 
I  liuvti  uut  SUCH  uiiy  Xoi'th  Ainuriuuii  Uupharee  yet. 

Oen.  V.  ACROSTICTA  LoEtr. 

Charact, — Front  of   an   equal,   uiodeiate    breadth,   Bcrobiculate,  'rather 

coarsely  hairy. 
Antennie  rather  short ;    the  third  joiut  elougate-ovate,  with  a  thiu, 

bare  arista. 
Fate  excavated,  clyppua  projecting. 
Thorax  with  bristled  uu  its  hind  part  only ;  scutellum  convex,  with  four 

bristles. 
WitifjH :  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a  point ;  the  last 

section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  converges  towards  the  third 

longitudinal  veiu ;  posterior  orossveiu  perpendicular ;  stiguia  narrow 

and  very  long. 

The  difference  between  this  genus  and  the  preceding  has  been 
mentioned  under  tlio  head  of  the  latter.  The  characters  which 
distinguish  Acrostivta  from  Euxcsta  are  :  the  elongated  shape  of 
the  third  antennal  joint,  the  front,  which  is  marked  with  pits,  tho 
stouter  proboscis  and  tiie  very  long,  narrow  stigma.  The  picture 
of  the  wings  resembles  that  of  the  species  of  Seoptera,  except 
tliat  the  somewhat  turgid  front  of  the  latter  shows  no  vestige 
of  pits  and  the  face  is  not  transversely  excavated,  but  cariiiate. 
As  typical  species  may  be  considered  either  A.  atrobiculata  Loew 
(Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  21);},  Tub.  II,  f.  5)  or  A.  foveolata 
Loew  (ibid.  p.  294),  both  fntin  Brazil. 

Xo  Xorth  American  species  is  as  yet  known. 

Gen.  VI.  SEOPTERA  Kirbt. 

Charact. — Front  of  equal  breadth,  somewhat  elevated,  with  very  short 

hairs. 
AntenniB  rather  long,  the  broad  third  joint  elongate-oval,  with  a  thin, 

bare  arista. 
Face  carinate,  clijpeus  projecting. 
Thorax  with  bristles  on  its  hind  part  only ;  scutellum  convex,  with  four 

bristles. 
Wings  comparatively  long ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  pointed ; 

the  very  long  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  veiu  converges 

towards  the  third  vein. 
Feet  somewhat  longer  and  moie  slender  than  those  of  the  related 

genera. 


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152 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


[part  hi. 


Kirby  called  this  genus  Seioptern.  Following  tho  usual  rule 
of  latinization,  1  niodiliod  the  name  to  Seoplera.  Later,  l{o\>, 
Desvoidy  called  this  genus  Myodina;  this  name,  how(  ver,  cannot 
supersede  the  older  one  of  Kirby,  which,  moreover,  characterizes 
very  well  the  peculiar  habit  of  the  species  belonging  here. 

1.  S.  colon  LoEW.  %  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  6.)  Nigra,  nitida,  fronte  rufa, 
antmniis  et  facie  ex  rufo  flavis,  alarum  macula  apicali  triaugula  et 
cellulae  costalis  basi  nigris,  stiginate  subfusco. 

Shining  black,  front  red,  antenna  and  face  reddish-yellow  ;  a  triangular 
spot  on  the  apex  of  tbe  wing  and  the  basis  of  the  costal  cell  black; 
stigma  brownish.     Long.  corp.  0.19 — 0.21  ;  long.  al.  0.19 — 0.22. 

Syn.  Seoptrra  colon  Loew,  Berl.  Eut.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  296,  Tab.  II,  f.  6. 

Of  a  shining  black,  somewhat  bluish-black  color;  the  abdomen 
more  glos?y  than  shining.  Front  oi  a  licry  red,  opaque,  alimg 
the  orbit  of  the  eyes  with  a  delicate  line,  powdered  with  white 
pollen.  Antennae  yellowish-red  ;  the  third,  elongate-oval  joint 
is  rather  broad.  Face  and  clypeus  brilliant  reddish-yellow,  the 
latter  often,  the  former  seldom,  tinged  with  chestimt-brownish. 
On  the  dorsum  of  the  thorax  there  are  two  narrow  lines  of 
whitish  pollen,  which  extend  beyond  its  middle ;  they  are  easily 
overlooked,  although  very  distinct  in  well-pre.served  specimens. 
Feet  black,  the  tips  of  tho  femora  and  tibiae  and  the  basis  of  the 
hind  ta^sl  have  a  reddish-brown  tinge,  even  in  specimens  of  the 
darkest  coloring;  in  lighter  specimens  this  coloring  is  brownish- 
brickred,  and  extends  not  only  over  the  greater  jtart  of  the  tibiie 
and  the  hind  tarsi,  but  is  also  perceptible  at  the  root  of  the  fore 
tarsi.  Halteres  pale-yellowish.  Wings  hyaline  ;  costu,  auxiliary 
vein,  and  first  longitudinal  vein  black;  the  other  veins  much  paler, 
generally  yellowish  when  seen  in  a  reflected  light.  The  costal 
cell  blackened  as  far  as  the  humeral  crossvein ;  the  stigma,  as 
well  as  the  whole  subcostal  cell,  at  the  end  of  which  it  is  placed, 
brownish  ;  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  there  is  a  triangular  bliick 
spot,  which  covers  the  extreme  tip  of  the  marginal  cell  as  well  as 
the  tip  of  the  submarginal  cell,  and  crosses  a  little  beyond  the 
third  longitudinal  vein.  Tho  small  crossvein  is  nearly  under  the 
middle  of  the  stigma,  but  beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell ; 
the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  particularly  Imig, 
straight,  gradually  converging  towards  the  third  ;  tho  anal  cell  is 


ORTALIDJE — EUXESTA. 


163 


broad  and  has  a  sharp  posterior  augle,  although  it  is  hardly 
drawn  out  in  a  point. 

Hab.  New  York  (Osten-Sacken) ;  Illinois  (Kennicott). 

Observation  1. — This  species,  as  far  as  I  know,  is  undescribed, 
altliough  not  absolutely  now,  because  "Wiedemann,  as  his  collec- 
tion shows,  received  it  from  Say  under  the  name  of  Ortalis  colon. 
Harris,  ii'  his  Catalogue  of  the  Insects  of  Massachusetts,  also  has 
0.  colon,  which  is  undoubtedly  the  same  species.  I  preserved 
the  name  which  Say  gave  it,  although  I  do  not  find  it  described 
in  his  works. 

Observation  2. — Seoptera  colon  is  so  exceedingly  like  the 
European  S.  vibrans  Lin.,  that  as  long  as  I  had  only  inditferently 
preserved  specimens  of  it,  I  took  it  for  the  latter  si)ecios. 
Although  the  diiferences  are  only  slighi,  they  are  so  constant  that 
the  specific  distinctness  of  the  two  species  cannot  be  called  in 
doubt.  The  front  of  S.  colon  is  somewhat  broader  than  that  of 
S.  vibrans;  the  two  whitish  stripes  of  the  thorax  in  ,S'  colon, 
although  but  little  apparent,  can  easily  be  traced  beyond  the 
middle  ot  the  dorsum,  while  in  S.  vibrans  it  is  not  without 
diflBculty  that  their  anterior  end  alone  can  be  perceived.  The 
abdomen  of  S.  colon  is  always  less  shining,  v  d  its  blackish  color 
more  bluish,  while  S.  vibruns  has  it  more  blackish-green.  The 
costal  cell  of  S.  colon  is  blackish  as  far  and  even  a  little  beyond 
the  humeral  crossvein  ;  in  S.  vibra,ns  this  cell  is  entirely  hyaline 
as  far  as  its  extreme  basis  ;  the  stigma  of  S.  colon  is  brownish, 
that  of  S.  vibrans  black  or  brownish-black  ;  finally  the  black  spot 
at  the  tip  of  the  wings  is  somewhat  ditfereiit  in  both  species  ;  that 
portion  of  it  which  crosses  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  of  more 
equal  breadth  in  S.  colon,  whereas  it  becomes  more  narrow 
towards  the  margin  of  tlie  wing  in  <S.  vibrans. 

Gen,  VII.  El'XFSTA  Loew. 

Charact. — Front  of  equal,  medium  breadth,  «ven,  rattier  coarsely  hairy. 
Anteniim  short,  tlie  third  joint  almost  round  or  rounded-oval,  with  a 

thin,  bare  arista. 
Face,  more  or  less  excavated,  rliipeux  jrrojeoting. 
Thonix  with  bristles  on  the  hind  part  only  ;  scuffffum  convex. 
Wings:   posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a  point;  the 

last  section  of  the  fourtli  longitudinal  vein  converges  towards  the 

third  ;  posterior  crousvein  perpendicular. 


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154 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[I'AUT  HI. 


The  general  nppcarauce  of  tlie  species  belougiiiT'  here  is  not 
unliko  Trypeta.  Legs  sliurt.  Tlje  coloring  is  .uetallie;  tiie 
black  picture  of  the  wings  consists  either  of  some  large  spots 
along  the  anterior  margin  or  of  crossbands.  The  plastic  cliurae- 
ters  of  the  species  do  not  allbrd  any  features  for  their  satisfactory 
distribution  into  groups ;  for  this  reason  the  following  three 
groups  are  merely  based  upou  the  picture  of  the  wiugs. 


!  .-• 


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ii-*-  V 


1st  Group.     Wiiigs  with  spots  along  the  anterior  margin. 

1.  E.  spoliata  Loew.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  7.)  Viridis,  uapite  pt-dibuj-quo 
flavid,  extreiuo  femorum  apice  fusco,  tibiid  anticid  fere  lolin,  reliijuaium 
apice  tarsinque  inde  ab  articuli  priini  apice  uigris,  alarum  stigmate 
uigro,  mauula  subapicali  uigricante. 

Green,  head  and  feet  yellow,  the  extreme  tip  of  the  femora  In  own,  fore 
tibiie  almost  tiutirely,  the  tips  of  the  four  posterior  tibiae  and  the  tarsi, 
from  the  tip  of  the  first  joint,  black;  wiugs  with  a  black  stigma  and 
with  a  blackish  spot  immediately  before  the  tip.  Long.  corp.  0.12; 
long.  al.  0.12—0.13. 

SvN.  Euxesta  spoliata  LoEw,  Berl.  Eut.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  298,  Tab.  II,  f.  7. 

Metallic-green,  shining  ;  the  color  of  the  scutellura  and  of  the 
anterior  segments  of  the  abdomen  is  somewhat  more  bluish-green. 
Head  yellow ;  the  upper  part  of  the  occiput  is  blackish-green; 
front  ferruginous-yellow;  the  swellings  descending  from  the 
vertex  along  the  orbit  of  the  eyes  and  the  immediate  vicinity  of 
the  ocelli  is  metallic  greenish-l)lue.  Antennae  of  a  dark  ferrugi- 
nous-yellow ;  third  joint  round.  Face  shorter  than  in  most  of 
the  other  species.  Clypeus  yellow,  protruding  considerably 
beyond  the  anterior  border  of  the  mouth,  although  projecting  hut 
little  in  profile.  Feet  yellow ;  all  the  femora  distinctly  infus- 
cated  at  the  extreme  tip;  fore  til)i!B  rather  stout,  brownish-black, 
before  the  middle  with  an  incomplete  yellow  ring;  the  interme- 
diate tibia;  are  blackened  at  the  extreme  tip  only,  the  hind  tibiae 
also  at  the  tip.  but  to  a  greater  extent;  the  first  joint  of  the  hind 
tarsi  is  yellow,  except  the  tip ;  the  following  joints  are  black  (the 
intermediate  and  hind  tarsi  are  wanting  in  the  described  speci- 
men) Halteres  yellowish.  Wings  pure  hyaline  with  pale  clay- 
yellow  veins;  extreme  root  of  wings  pale  yellowish;  the  hist 
section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  but  very  sligiitly 
arcuated,  but  converges  in  its  whole  length  towards  the  third  vein, 
its  tip  thus  approaching  very  near  this  vein;  stigma  blackened; 


I;.     M,!l 


OUTALlDiE — EUXESTA. 


155 


immediately  before  the  tip  of  the  wing  there  is  a  blackioh  spot, 
which  readies  from  the  anterior  margin  to  the  third  longitudinal 
vein  and  covers  the  extreme  end  of  the  marginal  cell;  the  extreme 
eud  of  the  submargiiial  cell  is  uot  covered  by  it.  It  may  be  that, 
iu  more  fully  colored  individuals,  this  spot  is  darker. 
Uab.  Cuba  (Kiehl). 

2.  E.  piisio  LoEw;  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  8.)  Viridis  vel  ex  chalybeo 
viiiilirf,  thoracis  dorso  albido-poUiiiosjo,  pedibus  piceo-nigris,  geiiibus, 
tibiarum  apii  tj  tarsis^ue  tutis  luteis,  aiaiuiu  stiguiatu  et  luauula  buba- 
picali  uigriit. 

Oreeu  or  bluish  .  n  ;  dorsum  of  the  thorax  covered  with  a  white  pollen ; 
feet  piceous-blacK ;  kuees,  tips  of  the  tibiae  aud  the  whole  of  the  tarsi 
of  a  dirty-yellow ;  wings  with  a  black  stiguia  and  a  black  spot  imme- 
diately belore  the  apex.     Long.  corp.  U.12;  long.  al.  0.13. 

Sf.N.  Euxesta  pusio  Loew,  Berl.  Eut.  Zeilschr.  XI,  p.  299,  Tab.  II,  f.  8. 

Metallic  bluish-green;  thorax  aud  seutellum  rather  opaque,  in 
eousequence  of  a  comparatively  dense  white   pollen;   abdoineu 
shining ;  its  first  segment  of  a  dirty-yellow  towards  its  sides.    The 
very  broad  first  segment  of  the  Hattened  ovipositor  is  ahaost  as 
long  as  two-thirds  of  the  abdomen.      Head  of  a  reddish-brick 
color;  the  sides  of  the  front,  the  frontal  lunule,  the  face,  including 
the  elypeus  and  the  cheeks,  are  covered  with  a  rather  dense, 
white  pollen.     The  black  hairs  on  the  front  are  not  conspicuous. 
AntenntB  brownish-ferruginous,  or  rusty-brown  ;  third  joint  round. 
Face  rather  short,   consideral)ly  excavated  ;    elypeus   but  little 
projecting  beyond  the  o]ieniiig  of  the  month.     Occiput  appa- 
rently altogether    metal  1     'ilaok,  but  the  ground   color  is  very 
much  concealed  by  a  thick  whitish  pollen.     Feet  piccous  black; 
the  second  joint  of  the  coxa?,  the  knees,  almost  the  whole  latter 
half  of  the  tiltioe  and  the  whole  tarsi  dirty-yellow  or  brick-red. 
Haltcros  whitish-yellow.     Winers  somewhat  whitish  hyaline,  the 
veins  pale ;  stigma  of  a  blackish  color,  which,  on  its  first  half, 
extends  as  far  as  the  middle  of  the  marginal  cell ;   immediately 
before  the  apex  of  the  wing  there  is  a  black  spot,  extending  from 
the  anterior  border  a.-s  far  as  a  little  beyond  the  third  longitudinal 
vein,  the  tip  of  the  marqrinal  cell  i,>^  also  covered  by  it,  that  of  the 
suhmarginal  cell,  how*-v«-r.  is  not  ;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth 
lonjritudinal  vein  in  it^~  irbtde  course,  converges  towards  the  third 
and  comes  very  near  it  at  its  tip ;  it  is  uot  perceptibly  arcuate. 
Hub.  Calu*  (Gundla^ih). 


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156 


DIPTERA   OP   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


3.  E.  notata  Wied.  %  5.— (Tab.  IX,  fig.  9.)  Chalybeo-nigra, 
abdomine  fetuinsB  fascii  apicali  flavd,  ornato,  pedibus  nigris,  gcnibus, 
tarsoi'uiuque  basi  rufis,  alarum  uiaculia  duabus  uigris,  alterd,  cor^tali 
miuutsl,  altera,  apicali  trigone,  celiulse  costalis  basi  et  stigmate  cinereis. 

Blui^h-black,  abdomen  of  the  female  with  a  yellow  crossband  at  the  tip, 
feet  black,  knees  and  the  root  of  all  the  tarsi  red;  wings  with  a  small 
black  dot  in  the  middle  of  the  costa  and  with  a  larger  triangular  spot 
at  the  tip  ;  basis  of  the  costal  cell  and  stigma  gray.  Long.  ocrp.  0.15— 
O.IG;  long.  al.  0.15. 

Syn.   Oitalis  notata  WiEi).  Auss.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  462,  9. 

Euxesta  notata  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitsihr.  XI,  p.  300,  Tab.  II,  f.  9. 

Of  a  bkckish-steelblue,  general!  f  verging  ou  green-blue,  often 
with  a  violet  hue  on  the  middle  of  the  abdomen ;  rather  shining. 
Front  of  a  saturate  yellowish-red,  sometimes  almost  yellowish- 
brown;  with  a  whitish  pollen  along  the  lateral  orbit  of  the  eyis; 
the  black  hairs  are  scattered  and  not  conspicuous ;  the  swellings 
running  from  the  vertex  downwards,  along  the  borders  of  the 
eyes,  generally  also  the  immediate  vicinity  of  the  ocelli  are  shining 
bluish-black  «r  black.  Antenna;  brown,  ferruginous-red  at  the 
basis,  which  color  is  more  extended  on  the  inner  side  ;  third  joint 
rounded.  The  very  considerably  excavated  face,  together  with 
the  rather  pn^jecting  clypeus  are  bluish-black,  very  shining ;  the 
upper  portion  rather  densely  pollinose,  and  hence  opaque,  the 
ground  color  not  being  distinctly  visible ;  the  lateral  swellings 
of  the  face  are  tinged  with  brownish-red  and  thinly  whitish 
pollinose.  The  female  has  the  latter  part  of  the  last  abdominal 
segment,  as  well  as  the  basis  of  the  ovipositor  of  a  saturate  yellow 
color;  in  the  male,  I  have  never  observed  any  trace  of  this  yellow 
coloring.  The  first  sepnient  of  the  very  much  flattened  ovipositor 
is  of  a  very  moderate  breadth,  brownish-black,  but  with  a  more 
or  le^s  distinct  coppery-red  reflection.  Feet  black,  femora  in 
part  metallic-black  or  bluish-black  ;  knoes  and  the  root  of  nil  the 
tarsi  brick-red,  on  the  front  tarsi  this  red  generally  reaches  only 
as  far  as  the  middle  of  the  first  joint,  on  the  hind  tarsi  as  far  as 
tho  tip,  on  the  intermediate  ones  as  far  as  the  basis  of  the  next 
joint.  Knob  of  halteres  yellowish;  stem  generally  infuscatcd. 
Wings  hyaline  with  ratlier  dark  veins;  at  the  tip  of  the  costal 
cell  there  is  a  small  black  dot,  which  extends  posteriorly  as  far 
as  the  second  longitudinal  vein;  at  the  apex  of  the  wing  tliero  is 
a  larger  triangular  black  spot,  occupying  the  end  of  the  sub' 


■  ^0 


ORTALIDiE — EUXESTA. 


157 


marginal  cell  and  crossing  to  a  small  extent  the  third  longitudinal 
vein,  but  being  exactly  limited  by  this  vein  near  the  apex  of  the 
wing;  the  costal  cell  is  tinged  with  brownish-gray  as  far  as  a 
little  beyond  the  humeral  crossvein ;  the  stigma  has  the  same 
color,  but  this  is  sometimes  more  blackened,  especially  towards 
its  end;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  convergeg 
in  its  whole  course  towards  the  third  vein  and  approaches  it  con- 
siderably towards  its  end;  shows,  however,  hardly  any  perceptible 
curvature  ;  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  does  not  quite  reach  the 
margin  of  the  wing. 

IJab.  District  of  Columbia,  New  York,  Illinois,  Connecticut 
(Ostcn-Sackcn).' 

Ohi<ervalion. — Wiedemann  gives  a  description  of  the  male  of 
this  species  which  might  easily  lead  to  the  conclusion  that  he  had 
before  him  a  species  different  from  the  one  I  have  just  described. 
According  to  his  statement,  the  male  has,  on  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  penultimate  abdominal  segment,  a  saturate  yellow  cross- 
band.  But  as  Wiedemann's  collection  contains  as  Ortalis  votuia 
the  very  species  which  I  described  under  this  name  and  as,  among 
a  considerable  number  of  males  which  I  have  before  me,  not  a 
single  one  is  provided  with  such  a  crossband,  I  am  compelled  to 
come  to  the  conclusion  that  Wiedemann  mistook  the  sex  of  the 
specimen  from  which  he  drew  his  description  ;  he  may  have  had 
before  him  a  female  the  ovipositor  of  which  was  bent  under  the 
abdomen. 

4.  E,  nitidiventris  n.  sp.  9 .— Nigro-viridis,  nitida,  aMomine 
feminae  toto  lenfO-viridi  et  nitidissimo,  pedibus  gilvis,  tibiis  aiiticis  totis 
posterioribusqne  adversus  apict-m  lufuscatis,  tarsis  adversus  apicera 
fusco-nigris,  alarum  maoulis  diiabns  nigris,  altera  costali  iiiinuta,  alteri 
apicali  trigona,,  cellule  costalis  basi  lutea,  stigmate  ex  luteo  ciiiereo. 

Shilling  black-green,  tbe  entire  abdomen  of  tbe  female  metallic-green,  very 
shining.  Feet  saturate  yellow,  tbe  entire  fore  tibiffi  and  tbe  posterior 
ones  towards  their  tip.  infuscated  ;  tarsi  brownisb-black  towards  the 
tip;  wings  with  a  small  black  dot  on  tbe  middle  of  tbe  costa  and  with 
a  larger  triangular  spot  at  tbe  apex  of  the  wing  ;  basis  of  tbe  costal  cell 
clay-yellow;  stigma  yellowish-gray.  Long.  corp.  0.14 — 0.15;  long.  al. 
0.14—0.15. 


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the  pulp  of  an  osage-orange  {Madura). — 0.  8. 


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158 


DIPTERA   OF   N»)RTII   AMERICA. 


[PAUT 


Dark-green,  shining,  the  abdomen  altogether  of  a  vivid  metallic 
green,  very  shining.  The  femora  of  a  saturate  dnrk-yellow  ;  this 
coloring  cliange.s  into  browuish  on  the  fore  tibia?  from  the  very 
basis,  on  the  posterior  tibiaj  farther  down  ;  the  fore  tarsi  are 
saturate  yellow  at  the  basis  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  first  joint,  the 
posterior  tarsi  nearly  as  far  as  the  end  of  the  second  joint,  beyond 
this  the  tarsi  are  brownish-black.  The  basis  of  tiie  costal  coll  is 
clay-yellow,  or  pale  ferruginous-yellow,  as  far  as  a  little  beyond 
the  humeral  crossvein  ;  the  stigma  is  yellowish-gray.  In  all 
other  respects  this  species  is  so  very  like  E.  notata,  that  one 
would  be  inclined  to  take  it  for  a  mere  variety  of  coloring,  unle.^s 
the  much  lighter  coloring  of  the  feet,  combined  with  the  darker 
coloring  of  the  much  more  shining  abdomen,  proved  the  contrary. 

Hob.  Texas  (Belfrage). 

S*  E.  COStalU  Fab.  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  10.)  Nigro-chalybea,  pedibus 
nigris,  geuibua  tarsorutnque  basi  rufis,  alarum  maculU  duabus  luagnis, 
altera  coatali,  alterd  apicali,  nigris. 

Blackish-steelblue,  feet  black,  knees  and  roota  of  tbe  tarsi  red ;  wings 
with  two  large  black  ppots,  tbe  first  in  tbe  middle  of  the  costa,  the 
second  at  the  apex  of  the  wing.     Long.  corp.  0.15  ;  long.  al.  0.15. 

SvN.  Musca  costalis  Fab.  Ent.  Syst.  IV,  p.  3G0,  196. 
Dncus  costalis  Fab.  Ent.  Syst.  Antl.  p.  278,  25. 
DncHu  actileatus  Fab.  Syst.  Antl.  p.  275,  14. 
Orlalis  costolis  WiED.  Auss.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  464,  13. 
Eiixesta  costalis  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  301,  Tab.  II,  f.  10. 

Very  like  both  preceding  species,  but  easily  distingniphcd  by 
the  narrower  front,  the  absence  of  a  yellow  crossband  at  the  end 
of  the  abdomen  of  the  female,  the  perceptibly  larger  size  of  the 
black  spot  on  the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  wings,  the 
altogether  black  stigma  and  the  course  of  the  fifth  longitudinal 
vein,  which  reaches  the  margin  of  the  wing.  Blackish-bluc, 
shining;  the  head  brick-red  or  of  a  rusty-red;  front  anteriorly 
of  a  more  saturate  coloring,  narrow,  somewhat  whitish  pollinogc 
on  the  orbit  of  the  eye  ;  the  hairs  upon  it  are  rather  sparse  and 
not  at  all  conspicuous;  the  stripes,  descending  from  the  vertex 
along  the  orbits  of  the  eyes  and  the  immediate  surroundings  of 
the  ocelli  are  steel-blue,  shining.  Occiput  blackish,  its  lower 
portion  and  a  spot  back  of  the  region  of  the  ocelli,  brick-rcfl. 
Antennae  brick-red  or  more  yellowish-red ;  third  joint  rounded- 


ORTALlPiK      EVXKSTA. 


150 


oval,  generally  somewhat  infuscated  on  the  outer  siilc,  towards 
the  tip.  Tlie  larger  portion  of  the  rather  excavated  faee  shows 
a  st(Mjl-blue,  shining  color,  which  is  hut  little  concealed  by  the 
whitish  pollen ;  the  projecting  clypeus  also  has  a  steel-ltlue 
ri'floction.  The  flrst  joint  of  the  flattened,  black  ovipositor  is  of 
moderate  breadth.  Feet  pitch-black,  femora  almost  bluish-black, 
knees  and  basis  of  all  the  tarsi  brick-red.  Ilaltcres  of  a  dirty- 
whitish  or  yellowish  color.  Wings;  hyaline,  almost  grayish,  with 
very  dark  veins ;  the  root  of  the  wings  up  to  the  humeral  cross- 
vein  and  a  little  beyond,  blackish ;  the  whole  stigma,  as  well  as 
the  tip  of  the  costal  cell  and  a  spot  connected  with  the  latter 
and  reaching  as  far  as  the  fourth  vein,  are  black;  at  the  apex  of 
the  wing  there  is  a  large,  triangular  black  si)ot,  covering  the  tip 
of  the  marginal  and  the  end  of  the  submarginal  cell,  and,  more- 
over, crossing  to  a  considerable  extent  the  third  longitudinal 
vein,  so  that  its  posterior  'iniit  is  not  far  from  the  fourth  longitu- 
dinal vein  and  runs  parallel  to  it.  The  last  section  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  is  only  very  gently  curved  and  converges 
towards  the  third  in  its  whole  course,  approaching  the  latter 
considerably  towards  its  end. 
Hah.  West  Indies  (coll.  Wled.). 

6i  E,  quaternaria  Loew.     9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  11.)     Nie:ro-violacea, 
dimidio  apicali  abdomiuia  flavo,  alarum  niaculis  costalibus   quatuor 

nigris. 

Blackish-violet,  second  half  of  the  abdomen  yellow ;  wings  with  four  spots 
along  the  anterior  margin.    Long.  corp.  0.12 — 0.14;  long.  al.  0.13 — 0.14. 

Syn.  Enxesta  quaternaria  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  302,  Tab.  II,  f.  11. 

Blackish-violet,  the  middle  of  the  thoracic  dorsum,  a  large 
portion  of  the  pleurge  and  th'  sides  of  the  abdomen  often  more 
hlackish-blue.  Front  rather  narrow,  ferruginous,  along  the  orbits 
of  the  eyes  with  a  very  delicate  border  of  white  pollen  and  with 
coarse  black  hairs ;  the  little  stripes,  running  from  the  vertex 
down  the  sides  of  the  front  are  blackish,  but  hardly  shining. 
Antennae  ferruginous-brown,  more  reddish  at  the  basis,  sometimes 
of  a  lighter  coloring;  the  third  joint  is  rounded.  Face,  including 
the  but  little  projecting  clypeus  and  the  cheeks  brownish-red,  less 
excavated  than  in  most  of  the  other  species.  Occiput  for  the 
most  part  black.  Thoracic  dorsum  with  a  thin  covering  of 
whitish-gray  pollen,  and  hence  but  little  shining ;  more  so  on  its 


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100 


DIl'TERA   OF    NoUTII   AMEBICA. 


[pa 111'  iir. 


:  •:( 


■■r'n.U'\ 


sides;  tlic  pleurae  likewise  are  rather  .shiniiig.  The  anterior  part 
of  the  abdomen  of  a  metallic  durk-violet  hue;  the  apical  half 
yellow,  sometiuit'S  with  a  dark  stripe  in  the  middle.  The  first 
segment  of  the  very  much  flattened  ovipositor  rather  broad  and 
long,  black,  usually  with  a  bronze  reflection.  Feet  black,  only 
the  extreme  tip  of  the  femora  reddish-brown  and  the  basis  of  all 
the  tarsi  brick-red,  Halteres  yellowish,  the  stem  usually  infiis- 
cated.  Wings  hyaline,  with  four  black  spots  on  the  anterior 
margin ;  the  first  among  these  spots,  jjlaced  on  and  immediately 
beyond  the  humeral  crossvein,  extends  as  far  as  the  basis  ^f  the 
anal  cell,  so  that  the  extreme  root  of  the  wing  itself  is  hyaline ; 
the  second  spot,  covering  the  tip  of  the  costal  cell  and  the  very 
short  stigma,  with  the  exception  of  its  extreme  end,  runs  perpen- 
dicularly and  preserves  the  same  breadth,  as  far  down  as  the 
fourth  longit'idinal  vein,  beyond  which  it  is  still  perceptible  as 
a  blackish-gray  shadow;  the  third  black  spot  lies  opposite  the 
posterior  crossvein,  is  of  an  elongated  triangular  shape,  and 
reaches  with  its  tip  as  far  as  midway  between  the  third  and 
fourth  longitudinal  veins,  the  fourth  spot  has  an  irregularly 
rounded  shape  and  lies  quite  near  the  apex  of  the  wing ;  it 
covers  the  extreme  end  of  the  marginal  cell  and  the  end  of  the 
Bubmarginal  with  the  exception  of  its  extreme  tip ;  on  its  poste- 
rior side  (that  is  the  side  which  is  nearer  the  basis  of  the  wing) 
it  crosses  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  last  section  of  the 
fourth  longitudinal  vein,  which  is  distinctly,  although  not  strongly, 
curved,  converges  in  its  whole  course  towards  the  third  longitu- 
dinal vein,  without  approaching  it  more,  however,  than  in  the 
several  preceding  species. 
Ilab.  Cuba  (Gundlach). 


,,  I, 


2d  Group.    Wings  with  two,  very  much  abbreviated,  crossbanda. 

•y.  E.  binotata  Loew.  %. — (Tab.  IX,  f.  12.)  Nigro-clialybea,  capite, 
lateribus  sfgnientorum  abdominalium  prinii  et  secwndi  feinoribiis()iie 
luteis,  tibiis  tar»isqae  fnsco-nigris,  alarum  fasciis  duabus  postice  v.Mu 
abbreviatis  uigris. 

Dark  steel-bine,  the  bead,  the  sides  of  the  first  two  abdominal  segments 
and  the  femora  yellow  ;  the  tibiae  and  tarsi  brownish-black;  wings  wiiii 
two  very  much  abbreviated  blauk  bands.  Long.  corp.  0.12;  long.  al. 
0.13. 

Syn.  Euxesta  binotuta  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  304,  Tab.  II,  f.  12. 


!  'M:>- 


f-L. 


J     '!■ 


f 


A-m 


f.  12. 


ORTAUDiE — EUXE8TA. 


Ifil 


Head  dark-yellow;   front  rather  broad,  with   a  very  narrow 
border  of  white  pollen  ;  the  hairs  upon  the  front  are  not  con- 
spicuous.   The  stripes  descending  from  the  vertex  along  the  sides 
of  the  front  and  tiie  ininiediate  surroundings  of  the  ocelli  are 
steel-bluish,  somewhat   shining.      Antenna;   dark-yellow;    their 
third  joint  rather  round.     Face  rather  excavated,  with  a  white 
pollen  which  is  less  dense  in  the  vicinity  of  the  anterior  border 
of  the  mouth,  and  from  under  which  a  faint  steel-blue  rellectiou  is 
still  visible.    Clypeus  but  moderately  projecting  over  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  mouth,  generally  of  a  dark-yellow  color,  seldom  with 
a  faint  trace  of  a  steel-blue  reflection.     The  up|)er  portion  of  the 
occiput,  with  the  exception  of  a  large  spot  behind  the  vertex,  is 
steel-blue,  with  a  whitish  pollen.     Thorax  stocl-bluish,  with  a 
rather  whitish  pollen  and  hence  but  moderately  shining.    Scutel- 
lum,  metathorax  and  abdomen  bright,  shining,  almost  metallic 
black ;  the  sides  of  the  first  and  second  segments  of  the  abdo- 
men have  a  yellow  coloring,  which,  however,  usually  does  not 
reach  the  posterior  margin  of  these  segments  and  sometimes  is 
more  expanded  in  the  middle.     Front  coxa;  and  femora  dark- 
yellow  ;  tibioj,  with  the  exception  of  the  extreme  basis,  and  the 
tarsi  brownish-black,     llalteres  whitish  with   a  dirty-brownish 
stem.     Wings  hyaline;  immediately  beyond  the  humeral  cross- 
vein  there  is  a  small  black  spot,  which  extends,  in  the  shape  of  a 
crossbaiid,  as  far  as  the  root  of  the  anal  cell ;  the  rather  long 
stigma  is  black ;  from  its  basis  a  black  crossband  extends  in  a 
somewhat  oblique  direction  as  far  as  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell  ; 
immediately  before  the  apex  of  the  wing,  another  black  perpendicu- 
lar crossband  is  situated  ;  anteriorly  it  is  somewhat  widened,  poste- 
riorly it  crosses  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ,  the  last  section  of 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  moderately  but  distinctly  curved, 
and  converges  with  the  third  longitudinal  more  in  its  latter  half 
than  in  its  first.     The  intervals  between  the  black  crossbands  of 
the  wings  of  this  species,  as  in  most  of  the  others,  by  transmitted 
light  assume  a  rather  iiidi.stinct  white  coloring,  in  a  similar  light, 
however,  the  apex  of  the  wings  of  this  species  assumes  a  very 
striking  whitish  coloring. 
Hab.  Cuba  (Gundlach). 
11 


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DiriEUA   OF   NOIITII   AMfilllCA. 


3d  Group.     Wings  with  four  crosabands. 


[I'AiiT  m, 


8.  E.  annonac  Fah.  %  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  i;^.)  Nigro-clmlyliea,  fasdls 
alarum  nigris  quatuor,  seuuiuU  podtiuo  abbreviate  et  reliquia  paulo 
latiori. 

Dark  steel-blne ;  wings  with  four  black  bnmlH,  the  second  of  which  in 
abbreviated  pcsteriorly  and  is  somewhat  broader  than  the  others. 
Long.  Corp.  0.14— O.lfi ;  long.  al.  0.14—0.16. 

Syn.  ^/usca  annonm  Fab.  Ent.  Synt.  358,  189. 

Tefiliritis  itnnotue  Kau.  Syst.  Antl.  IV,  p.  ;{20,  19. 

Orudis  (intionae  Wied.  Auss.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  4()3,  11. 

Urophora  quudrivitlata  Macq.  Suites,  II,  p,  4.')6,  5. 

Euxesta  utinona  Lokw,  IJerl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  305,  Tab.  II,  f.  13. 

II<'ad  brick-red;  the  little  stripes  riinninpr  down  fnnu  the 
vertex  and  the  rep^ion  of  the  orelli  stoel-bliic,  ratlier  shiiiitiir:  tiic 
larger  portion  of  the  oeeipiit  blackish,  with  a  grayish-white  pulli  n. 
The  front  is  of  only  moderate  breadth;  the  hairs  upon  it  me 
strikingly  coarse,  more  dc  -e  upon  the  pollinose  lateral  Imiihrs, 
scarce  upon  the  remaiiid.  .  of  the  surface  Antennoj  l)rick-r((l, 
third  joint  rounded-oval,  towards  its  end  brownish  and  niuic  so 
on  its  outer  than  on  its  inner  side.  The  face  is  very  iniMlcratily 
excavated  ;  the  clypeus  moderately  pnjjecting,  both  with  a  stcil- 
blue  reflection  and  a  white  pollen.  Thorax  of  a  very  dark  coldr, 
verging  sometimes  on  green,  sometimes  more  on  steel-blue  cr 
violet,  and  always  covered  with  a  rather  den.«e  whitish  pollen.  Tl:e 
scutellum  is  of  a  still  more  dark  violet-black  color,  and  less  polli- 
nose. The  abdomen  is  of  a  metallic,  but  very  dark  bluish-black 
or  violet-black  color.  The  first  segment  of  the  flattened  ovipo.'sitor 
is  generally  still  darker.  Fore  coxae,  with  the  exception  of  their 
basis  and  the  tip  of  the  hind  coxae,  brownish-brickred,  the  former 
with  a  white  pollen.  Femora  black;  the  first  pair,  and  genenilly 
also  the  last,  more  metallic-black;  all  are  brownish-brirkren  at 
the  tip;  tibire  blackish-brown;  dark  brick-red  at  the  tip  and  often 
also  at  the  extreme  root;  tarsi  brick-red  at  the  basis,  blackish- 
brown  towards  the  tip.  TTalteres  clay-yellow.  Wings  hyaline, 
with  fonr  black  crossbands.  The  first  lies  upon  and  a  little 
bcvond  the  humeral  crossvcin  and  reaches  the  basis  of  the  anal 
cell ;  the  second  begins  at  the  anterior  margin  with  the  hut 
moderately  long,  black  stigma  and  the  blackened  extreme  tiji  of 
the  costal  cell;  it  is  perpendicular  and  reaches  beyond  the  lifth 


)', , 


"*    '^til 


ORTALin.E — EUXESTA. 


163 


longitudinal  vein,  witlmut,  howcviT,  rcachitig  llio  margin  of  tho 
wing;  the  small  t'roj>s\L'iii  lies  exactly  upon  its  external  liiiiit; 
tlic  internal  one  is  alwayrt  sinuate  in  tlie  vicinity  of  tlie  tii'th 
Idiigitudinal  vein ;  tlie  third  and  fourth  liaiids  are  connected  at 
tho  anterior  margin  ii  such  a  manner,  thnt  the  hyaline  space 
but  ween  them  reaches  either  exactly  as  far  as  the  second  longi- 
tudinal vein,  or  goes  very  little  beyond  this  \(  in  ;  the  tliird  Iniml, 
which  is  nearly  straiglit  and  rather  perpendicular,  runs  over  the 
posterior  crossvein  and  almost  reaches  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
wing;  the  fourth  crossband  is  of  considerable  breadtli,  reaches 
as  far  as  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  and  is  continued  oven 
lioyond  it,  in  the  shape  of  a  gray  shadow;  the  second  half  of 
the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  very  gently- 
curved  anteriorly,  so  that  it  converges  towards  the  third  longitu- 
dinal vein,  without  approaching  it,  however,  to  any  considerable 
extent. 
JIab.  Cuba  (Gundlach). 


h 


.  -if 

»  ,.'14 

■  ,■*  . 

■  'I 


■■'..'■■■ 


>•'  II. 


>        f 


9,  E.  Thomae  Lof.w.  %  9  .—(Tab.  IX,  f.  14.)  LsBte  chal.vWa,  niti- 
dissima,  alarum  fasciis  nigrin  quatuor  Hubintegria,  ultiniia  tribus  latia. 

Bright  steel-blue,  very  sbining  ;  wings  with  fonr  black  crossbands,  the 
lasit  three  of  which  are  broad.  Long.  corp.  0.14 — U.15;  long.  al.  0.14 
—0.15. 

Syk.  E.  Thnmm  Loew,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitscbr.  XI,  p.  306,  Tab.  II,  f  14. 

Very  like  the  preceding  species,  although  very  probably  a 
distinct  one,  notwithstanding  the  great  resemblance  in  all  the 
plastic  characters.  The  diflerences  are  tho  following  :  the  whole 
coloring  of  the  body  is  of  a  lighter  and  more  brilliant  stecl-ldue, 
which  often  verges  on  violet  in  the  middle  of  the  abdomen.  Tho 
thoracic  dorsum  is  much  less  pollinoso.  The  second  crossband 
of  the  wings  is  broader,  approaches  more  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  wings,  and  is  not  sinuate  on  its  inner  side  in  tho  vicinity 
of  the  fifth  longi'  idinal  vein.  The  third  crossband  is  much 
broader  than  in  E.  annomv,  especially  its  anterior  portion  ;  the 
fourth  band  crosses  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  a  little,  or  else 
the  gray  shadow  beyond  the  end  of  this  vein  is  somewhat  darker. 

Hah.  St.  Thomas  (Westermann). 

10.  E.  abdominalis  Lof.w.  %  9.— (Tab.  IX.  f.  ^h.)  Cbalybpo- 
nigra,  abdominis  bast  sordide  luted,  alarum  fnsciis  nigris  quatuor 
integri^,  uUiuiia  duabus  ad  cotstam  angui^te  cuhaerentibus. 


1!  ''t 


f-;k.. 


104 


DIPTERA   OF    NOKTH    AMLUICA. 


[PAIIT  III. 


I    ■' 


'     Ml 


« 

I        •      1 


Ului-sh-hlack,  with  a  diity-yellow  liarilrt  of  tlit»  abilouien  ;  wlngrt  with  four 
coiiijilt'te  l)lnuk  oroHHliuniU,  the  lust  two  of  whidi  me  (.•minm'tfil  l.y  a 
nniruw  Btripu  at  the  ooata.  Long.  coip.  0.12— U.14;  h»iig.  al.  0.1:i— 
U.14. 

Byn.  Kuxesta  ahilominalis  Loew,  Deri.  Eiit.  Zfitschr.  XI,  p.  307,  Tab.  II,  f.  ir>. 

Head  bi'ii'k-rod  or  br(>\viiish-l)rickrttl ;  tlio  sniuU  stripes  run- 
ning down  from  tlio  verlox  uloll^:  tliu  oiliits  of  tiu!  eyes  und  tliu 
surroundings  of  the  oet'lli,  aro  stocl-itliio,  shining;    uhnu.st  tlie 
wLolf  occiput   is   black,  willi   a   grayisii-wliilc   i)looni.      I-'ruiit 
rather  narrow  ;  rather  dense  and  conspicuously  coarse  hairs  upon 
tiio  lateral  borders,  wliicli  are  covered  with  white  pollen  ;  tlio 
hairs  upon  the  remainder  of  the  surface  arc  very  scuroe.     Antunniu 
browni.><li-briekred,  or  brick-red  ;  in  the  latter  ease  the  roundid- 
oval  last  joint  is  nutrc  or  less  infuscated  towards  its  end.     The 
face  is  moderately  excavated,  usually  for  the  most  part  with  a 
shining  steel-blue  reflection  ;  Its  white  bloom  is  very  thin  along 
the  edge  of  the  mouth.     Clypeus  only  moderately  projecting,  wilh 
a  more  or  less  distinct  steel-blue  reflection  on  the  sides.    Thorax 
of  a  shining,  blackish-steelblue  color,  which  usually  verges  some- 
what  on  green  tipon  its  dorsum.     Scutellum    and    ntetathorux 
still  darker  greenish-black,  not  pollinose.   Abdomen  more  greeni&h- 
black  than  bluish-,  or  metallic-black,  at  the  basis  always  dirty 
elay-yellow.     The  coloring  of  the  first  segment  of  the  flattened 
ovipositor  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  abdomen,  or  a  more  purely 
black  one.      Fore  coxsb,  at  the  tip  at  least,  brownish-briekred, 
with  white  pollen;  femora  black,  more  or  less  metalescent,  with 
a  brownish-briekred  tip  ;  tibiae  bhiekish-brown,  only  the  extreme 
tip  reddish-brown  ;    tarsi  reddish-brown  at  the  root,  otherwise 
blackish-brown.      Ilalteres   whitish   or  yellowish.     Wings  with 
four  not  abbreviated  black  crossbands.     The  first  is  broader  than 
in  the  two  preceding  speci"s,  but  is  likewise  placed  upon  and 
immediately  beyond  the  humeral  erossvein,  and  extends  as  far  as 
the  basis  of  the  anal  cell.     The  second  band  begins  at  the  ante- 
rior margin  with  the  black  tip  of  the  costal  cell  and  the  black 
stigma;  it  is  rather  broad  and  gradually  expands  in  approaching 
the  posterior  margin  so  that,  at  this  place,  its  breadth  exceeds 
considerably  that  of  the  other  bands  ;  the  small  erossvein  lies 
exactly  upon  its  outer  margin.     The  third  band  likewise,  which 
runs  over  the  posterior  erossvein,  has  a  considerable  breadth  and 
a  very  perpendicular  position.     The  fourth  band  runs  along  the 


i 


,» ,• . 


r/;.-'-! 


ORTAMDyK — EIXESTA. 


ir.5 


npox  of  the  wing;  it  is  uIhij  rutliiT  broud  uiid  roacli»'S  beyond  llio 
i'liut'tli  lungitudinul  vein;  iLs  conncclion  witli  tint  tliird  Ixind  iit'iir 
(lie  costtt  is  ratiMJf  narroNv,  so  tluil  tlii)  livalint'  spucd,  inclosed 
Ijutween  them,  almost  reuflies  tlie  costa  anteriorly.  'I'lie  last 
section  of  tiie  fourth  longitndiiuii  vein  iw  ffenlly  nn-nate  and 
Hiiglitly  converges  in  its  latter  half  towards  the  thinl  longitudinal 
vein  (the  figure  does  not  give  this  quite  correctly). 

Jlab.  CuImi  ((iundlach). 

Observation. — The  Museum  nt  Vienna  contains  a  couple  of 
specimens  taken  in  Cuba  by  I'oppig,  which  differ,  however,  by 
tlioir  distinctly  snialler  size,  ns  well  as  by  a  8oniewliat  dilferent 
picture  on  the  wings;  all  the  four  black  bands  are  dissolved  into 
oval  black  spots,  covering  the  veins,  the  portions  of  the  Itnnds 
lying  inside  of  the  colls  are  crossed  in  the  middle  by  gray  stripes. 
A  ck)ser  examination,  however,  proves  conelnsively  that  these 
gpocimons  are  incompletely  ( olored  ones  of  E.  nhdnminnlis.  The 
gmull  size  is  probably  due  to  the  greater  contraction  in  drying 
of  these  unripe  specimens. 

11>  E.  alternans  Lnew.  %. — (Tab.  IX,  f.  16.)  0))Roure  chalybea, 
alarum  fasciis  nigris  quatuor  iiitegrid,  ouinibua  separatis,  t«rti&  relifjiiis 
multo  angustiore. 

Dark  Rteel-blu«<,  wings  with  fonr  complete  black  crossbamls,  entirely  sepa- 
rate from  each  other ;  the  third  much  narrower  thau  the  otliers.  Long. 
Corp.  0,13;  long.  al.  0.13. 

Syn.  Euxesta  alternans  LoRW,  Berl.  Ent,  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  308,  Tab.  II,  f.  16. 

Head  brick-red  or  brownish-brickred;  the  little  stripes  running 
down  from  the  verte.v  along  the  orbits  of  the  eyes,  as  well  as  the 
surroundings  of  the  ocelli,  of  a  shining  steel-bino;  the  wholo 
occiput  blackish,  with  a  whitish  pollen.  Front  rather  narrow, 
with  coarse  hairs  which  are  more  dense  on  the  somewhat  whitish, 
pollinose,  lateral  borders  and  more  sparse  on  the  remaining 
surface.  Antennae  brick-red  or  yellowish-red,  the  third  joint  oval. 
Face  very  much  excavated  ;  with  the  exception  of  its  lower,  con- 
siderably projecting,  portion,  it  has  a  steel-blue  reflection,  but  is 
so  thickly  covered  with  a  white  pollen,  that  the  bluish  ground- 
color is  but  little  apparent.  Clypeus  rather  strongly  pro- 
jecting, brownish-brickred,  sometimes  with  a  steel-blue  reflection 
on  the  sides.  Thorax  and  scutelluni  of  a  rather  dark,  steel-blue 
color,  which  turns  somewhat  to  greenish-blue  on  the  thoracic 


<*,  ^ 


"<■. 


I- : 
■i'.' 


'       ^    .V, 


^.' 


•■•i 


■•'V 


•ll. 


y-'i 


A 


1 1 


,^    ., . , 


i 


1C6 


DIPTERA    OF   NORTH    AMERICA. 


[I'Airr  in. 


Vi 


I.: 


M'  .f 


■  1 
I, 


•  ,  I 


dorsum ;  the  latter  is  but  little  polliuoso.  Abdomen  dariier 
steel-blue,  shining,  especially  on  the  sides.  Feet  black;  tliu 
knees  and  the  first  joint  of  the  intermediate  tarsi  briek-red,  the 
first  joint  of  the  hind  tarsi  brown  or  reddish-brown  towards 
the  basis.  Ilalteres  yellowish-white.  Wings  with  four  blaik 
unconnected  bauds.  The  first  of  them  lies,  as  in  the  preceding 
species,  on  and  immediately  beyond  the  humeral  erossvein  and 
reaches  the  basis  of  the  anal  cell.  The  second  band  begins  at 
the  black  stigma  and  runs,  exi)anding  somewhat,  as  far  as  the 
jH)sterior  margin,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  it  gradually  becomes 
fainter;  the  third  band  is  narrow,  perpendicular,  and  covers  the 
posterior  erossvein  ;  the  fourth  runs  along  the  apex  of  the  wing, 
is  even  broadei  than  the  second  and  completely  isolated  from  the 
third  ;  beyond  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  it  becomes  Vviry  fiiint. 
The  last  section  of  the  fourth  vein  is  rather  strongly  curved  and 
its  latter  i)ortion  converges  towards  the  third  vein. 

JIab.  J3razil?  Cuba?  (Vienna  Museum). 

Ohsei'vation. — The  description  is  drawn  from  a  male  specimen 
in  the  Vienna  Museum,  i.ibelled  :  Mann,  Toscana  1840.  As  I 
have  seen  the  same  si)ecics,  in  other  collections,  marked  as 
Brazilian,  I  take  the  designation  of  the  Vienna  Museum  to  be 
erroneous.  I  am  con'',^ned  in  this  supposition  by  the  fact  that 
next  to  the  above-mentioned  specimen  is  placed  another,  a 
female,  pinned  on  the  same  kind  of  pin  and  labelled  in  the 
same  manner,  which,  however,  is  a  specimen  of  U.  stigynalias, 
received  hitherto  from  Cuba  and  Brazil  only.  Thus  it  appears 
evident  that  both  specimens  were  sent  by  the  same  collector,  pro- 
bably from  the  same  country ;  and  as  E.  sti(jmatia,^  is  a  coranion 
species  in  Cuba,  the  conclusion  is  not  too  far  fetched  that  both 
specimens  came  from  that  i.iland.  This  is  the  reason  why  1  did 
not  like  to  omit  U.  allernans  in  this  volume. 

12.  E.  stigniatias  Loew.  %  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  17.)  Nigro-viridis. 
macule  atr^  inter  autennas  sita  insignia,  alarum  fasciis  nigris  quatuor, 
ultiiuis  duabus  ad  costam  conjanctis. 

Blacliisb-green,  conspicuous  by  a  deep  black  spot  between  the  antenna;, 
wings  with  four  black  bands,  the  last  two  of  which  are  connected  near 
the  costa.     Long.  corp.  0.13—0.15;  long.  al.  0.14—0.15. 

Syn.  Euxesta  slujmatlas  LoEW,  Rerl.  Knt.  Zcitficbr.  XI,  p.  310,  Tab.  II,  f.  IS. 

Head  dark  metallic-green  or  almost  steel-blue.  Front  uf  a 
dusky-red ;  the  little  stripes  running  down  from  the  vertex  along 


_>^n, 


■!'.r.:i 


■Kh 


„hi.' 


"M^ 


ORT  ALID.E — E  r  X  EST  A. 


ii;7 


the  orbits  of  the  eyes,  as  well  as  the  woIl-dcFined  occllar  triaii^He, 
shilling  steol-'.jlue.  Tlie  lateral  bunlor  of  tho  trout  shining  and 
gc'iiorally  willi  a  rather  distinet  steel-blue  reduction  ;  iinuu'diatcly 
aljove  each  antenna,  a  trace  of  a  small  swcllinj";  is  diseeriiil)le. 
The  hairs  on  the  front  are  not  conspicuous,  moderately  dense  on 
the  sides,  very  scarce  on  the  remaining  surface.  The  first  two 
joints  of  the  antennai  brownish-black,  the  rounded-oval  third 
joint  reddish-yellow  from  the  basis  a-'  far  as  the  arista,  more 
brownish  beyond  it.  Face  very  much  excavated,  shining  steel- 
blue,  with  a  whitish  pollen  on  its  upper  part  oidy ;  above  this, 
just  between  the  antennae,  is  a  conspicuous,  velvet-black  spot. 
Clypeus  very  much  projecting,  sliining,  steel  blue,  pollinose  on 
the  margins  only.  The  rather  broad  orbital  circles  of  the  eyes 
brick-red  below,  at  the  lower  corner  of  the  eyes.  Thorax  dark 
metallic-green,  somewhat  verging  on  steel-blue;  the  dorsum  with 
a  very  thin  gray  pollen.  Hcutelluni  blackish-green.  Ab(h)men 
of  the  same  color  as  the  thorax,  but  darker,  often  with  a  stronger 
steel-blue  reflection;  the  last  abdominal  segments  of  the  male 
sometimes  more  bronze-colored.  The  first  segment  of  the 
flattened  ovipositor  metallic-black.  Feet  black ;  the  tijjs  of  the 
knees  and  the  basis  of  all  the  tarsi  browtush-brickred.  Jlalteres 
while-yellowish.  Wings  with  four  black  crossljands.  The  first 
lies,  as  in  several  other  species,  on  and  immediately  beyond  the 
humeral  crossvein  and  extends  as  far  as  the  basis  of  the  jinal  cell. 
The  .second  baud,  which  is  rather  broad,  begins  at  the  costa  with 
the  blackish  end  of  the  costal  cell  and  the  black  stigma;  it  is 
generally  very  much  fainter  beyond  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
and  disappears  entirely  between  the  fifth  vein  and  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  wing;  the  small  crossvein  lies  nlmost  exa<'tly  upon 
the  outer  nmrgin  of  this  band.  The  third  band,  which  is  ])er- 
pendioular,  runs  over  the  posterior  crossvein  and  reaches  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  wing  alnin<t  completely;  it  is  broader 
anteriorly  than  j)osteriorly,  and  is  connected  with  the  fourth  band 
on  the  inside  of  the  marginal  cell,  ,«o  thut  the  hyaline  interval 
between  these  bands  extemls  exactly  as  far  ns  the  secoml  longi- 
tudinal vein.  The  fourth  band,  lying  iilong  the  apex  of  the  wing, 
is  also  rather  broad  and  extends  as  far  as  the  fourth  longitudiiml 
vein.  The  last  section  of  the  fourth  vein  is  distinctly  curved  and 
in  its  second  half  converges  towards  the  third  longitudinal  vein. 
Hub.  Cuba  (Gumllach) ;  lirazll  (coll.  Winlh^'in). 


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• 

168 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


13.  E.  elUta  Loew.  %  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  18.)  Nigro-viridis,  snl.- 
chalybesuen.s,  macula  atra  inter  antennas  sitii  in.sigiii.s,  alarum  t'u^^^iis 
nigris  quatuor,  secumid,  latissinia  st-d  uiaxiuiS.  ex  parte  valde  eliita, 
t«rtia  et  quarta  iu  uellula  uustali  per  uiauulam  liyalinam  separati.-i. 

Blackis.i-greeu,  verging  on  steel-blue,  conspicuous  by  a  deep  black  Sfuit 
lying  between  the  antennae ;  wings  with  four  black  bauds,  the  secon  I 
of  which  is  the  broadest,  but,  for  the  most  part,  \iij  pale;  the  third 
ani^  fourth  are  separated  by  a  hyaline  spot,  lying  in  the  costal  cell. 
Long.  Corp.  0.14-0.15;  long  al.  0.14—0.15. 

Syn.  Euxcsta  eluta  Loew,  IJerl.  Ent.  Zeitscnr.  XI,  p.  312,  Tab.  II,  f.  19. 

Front  roJ  or  brownisl>-red ;  the  little  stripes,  (le.'^eeii(liii<r  from 
tlie  vertex  along  the  orl)its  of  the  e}TS  and  the  well-defined  ocellar 
triangle,  are  shining  steel-blue  ;  the  hairs  on  the  front  are  not 
striking,  moderately  dense  on  the  but  slightly  pollinose  lateral 
borders;  otherwise  very  searce.  Occiput  blackish-steelblue,  with 
a  grayish-while  bloom.  Antennas  ferruginous-brown  or  reddish- 
brown,  more  brick-red  at  the  basis  of  the  third  joint;  sometimes 
the  second  joint  has  the  same  coloring.  Face  rather  excavated, 
generi^lly  steel-blue,  or  at  least  reddish  along  the  anterior  edge 
of  the  mouth  only  ;  in  some  rare  cases  it  has  a  light  steel-blue 
reflection  on  its  upper  part,  the  remainder  brick-red;  exactly  be- 
tween the  antenme  is  a  conspicuous  velvety-black  spot;  clypeus 
but  little  projecting  beyond  the  ■  Ij.  of  the  mouth,  reddish-brown, 
with  a  steel-blue  reflection  ;  the  orbits  of  the  eyes  brick-red  or 
brownish-red  near  the  lower  corner  of  the  eye.  Thorax  dark 
metallic-green;  in  less  mature  specimens  greenish  steel-ljliie. 
Thoracic  dorsum  only  slightly  pollinose.  Scutellum  more  black- 
ish-green or  blackish-blue.  The  color  of  the  abdomen  is  not 
unlike  that  of  the  thorax,  but  is  darker  and  verges  on  bluish; 
its  middle  sometimes  almost  violet;  the  last  segments  of  the 
male  abdomen  sometimes  bronze-colored.  Front  coxas,  except 
the  root,  brick-red,  with  white  pollen.  Feet  black,  the  tips  of 
the  knees  and  the  root  of  all  the  tarsi  l)rick-red;  the  tip  of  the 
middle  tibine  likewise  is  generally  brick-.red  ;  sometimes  the 
extreme  tip  of  the  front  tibia;  shows  a  brick-red  coloring.  Hal- 
teres  yellowish-white.  Wings  with  four  black  crossliands.  The 
first  lies  upon  and  immediately  beyond  the  humeral  crossveii) 
and  extends  to  the  extreme  basis  of  the  anal  cell;  it  is  raiher 
narrow  and  often  pal'id.  The  second  crossband  is  of  cn- 
piderable  breadth,  begins  near  the  costa  with  the  infuscatcd  tip 
«f  the  costal  cell  aud  the  black  stigma ;  but  beyond  the  third, 


'K'i' 


■  ■i-.f  ■% 


ORTALIDiE — CIIvETOPSIS. 


ir.o 


.^•..v 


or  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  it  is  so  very  faint  that  it  extends 
to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wiiij.'  in  the  shape  of  a  gray 
shadow;  the«small  crossvein  lies,  whi'U  the  hand  is  not  too  pale, 
almost  exactly  upon  its  external  margin.  The  third  band  passes 
over  the  posterior  crossvein,  is  narrow  and  generally  rather  i)ale, 
except  in  the  vicinity  of  the  anterior  margin ;  towards  the  poste- 
rior end  of  the  crossvein  it  almost  disappears  ;  from  the  fourth 
band  it  is  separated  by  a  rather  large,  whitish-hyaline  spot  in  the 
marginal  cell ;  behind  the  second  longitudinal  vein  fully  colored 
specimens  have,  on  the  outer  side  of  this  third  band  a  rather 
distinct  gray  shadow,  between  wliich  and  the  fourth  band  only  a 
narrow,  whitish  hyaline  interval  remains,  from  which,  however, 
the  above-mentioned  hyaline  spot  near  the  costa  is  completely 
isolated.  The  fourth  band,  which  lies  along  the  apex  of  the  wing, 
extends  as  far  as  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  or  else  it  crosses  it 
in  the  shape  of  a  gray  shadow.  Tlie  last  section  of  the  fnirtli 
longitudinal  vein  is  rather  strongly  curved  and  convergent  towards 
the  third  vein. 
Hub.  Cuba  (Gundlach). 

Gen.  VIII.  CHiETOPSIS  Loew. 

Charact. — Front  of  medium  breadth,  somewhat  narrower  towards  the 
vertex,  with  a  row  of  bri.stly  hairs  ou  the  lateral  border ;  the 
remaining  surface  not  hairy. 

Anti'time  rather  short ;  thinl  joint  very  little  excised  on  the  upper 
side,  witli  a  sharp  anterior  corner  and  a  thin,  bare  arista. 

Face  but  moderately  excavated  ;  clypeus  but  little  projecting  over  the 
anterior  border  of  the  mouth. 

Thorax  with  bristles  on  it.s  posterior  part  only ;  chjppus  convex,  with 
four  bristles. 

Wimjs :  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  ont  in  a  point ;  last 
section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  towards  its  end,  but  very 
little  convergent  with  the  third  vein ;  posterior  crossvein  perpen- 
dicular. 

The  species  known  to  me  are  conspicuous  for  the  striking 
length  of  the  bristles,  inserted  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  tliora.\ 
and  on  the  scutellum.  Their  coloring  is  metallic  ;  the  wings  are 
ailorned  with  well-defined  black  ('r(issl)aii(ls.  Tliey  cannot  well 
be  coiifouiuk'd  with  the  species  of  the  preceding  genus,  on  account 
of  their  greater  slenderness,  and  more  especially,  on  iiccount  of  the 
(lilTcrent  shape  of  the  third  antennal  joint  and  o*"  the  front,  wliieh 
is  hairy  on  its  lateral  borders  only.    Froui  tht  two  aexi  *"' •Homing 


*       '  X   ■ 


■■  y„  »■■■ 


•^.! 


'■■■'.■-■^:^"fi7\ 


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I  •! 


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no 


DlPTKllA    OK    NOllTII    AMKUICA. 


[I'AKT  III. 


pi'iH'ra,  whicli  likewise  have  tlie  third  aiiteiinal  joint  witli  ii  sharp 
anterior  aiiji:Io,  the  spccii'S  of  the  present  g"emis  are  sulliciciitly 
distinguished  by  their  h'ss  sleniler  shape  and  {\h'  dilVrreni 
tjti'uetui'e  uf  the  uuul  cell,  uut  tu  nieatiuu  other  eharaelers. 

1.  r.  npiU'Sl  WiKD.  %  9.— (Tal).  IX,  r.  10.)  VinMirt,  antennis  fuson- 
iiigris,  basi  tiiuuMi  articuli  turtii  lut*«il,  alls  tril'asi;iiitis. 

Mi'tallif-i,'ret'n  ;  antt'iiniB  browiiisli-Mack,  tlit*  l)asis  of  tlif  tliinl  joint  yel- 
low ;  wings  with  tlireo  bauds.  Long.  corj).  U.IG — n.18;  long.  iil.  (M7 
—0.18. 

SvN.    OiidHs  (triea  WiKD.  Ansa.  Zwcifl.  II,  p.  4(12,  8.     .  ' 
Oiiiilis  lri/'iisrl(it,i  Say,  .louni.  Ai'ail.  I'liil.  Vi,  p.  184,  3. 
(/ro/ihora  fdlri/riDis  Macq.  Dipt.  Mxot.  Stipi)l.  V,  p.  12'),  Tab.  VI.  f.  0. 
Clidtopsis  ceiwa  Lokw,  Uerl.  Knt.  Zeitsclir.  XI,  p.  3ir),  Tab.  II,  f.  21. 
Tnipvtn  {Aciura)  whm  V.  d.  Wulp,  Tijdsohr.  voor  Knt.   18(i7,  p.  137, 
Tab.  V,  f.  12—14. 

Front  red,  on  each  side  with  a  broad  band,  whieii  is  rov<'re(l 
with  white  jxdlen.  The  ocelli  rather  far  distant  IVoni  the  edjjo 
of  the  verte.\;  the  reunion  of  the  ocelli,  as  well  as  the  little  stripc-j 
descending;  from  the  vertex  alonj;  the  orbits  of  tlui  eyes  1110 
blackish-green,  only  very  little  shining.  Frontal  Innule  with 
white  j)ollen.  Antenna)  rather  short;  the  first  two  joints  brown, 
the  second  sometimes  ia  part  brownisii-yellow ;  the  third  juint 
rather  broad,  very  little  excised  on  the  upper  siile,  always  with 
a  sharp  anterior  angle,  brownish-black,  reddish-yclldw  at  the 
basis.  Face  only  little  excavated,  steel-bluish,  but  rather  o[ta(pie 
on  account  of  a  whitish  pollen;  the  edge  of  the  month  usually 
brick-reil.  The  clypeus  has  but  a  small  transverse  diaMietcr  and 
is  but  little  projecting  over  the  anterior  v^\y:,\i  of  the  month. 
Thorax  and  scutellum  shining  metallic-green,  upon  the  dnrsum 
with  a  trace  of  a  white  bloom.  Abdomen  of  the  .same  cohir,  or 
soutewhat  more  bronze-green,  the  last  joints  of  the  male  alxlomca 
generally  blackish-green.  With  less  mature  individuals  the 
coloring  of  thorax  and  abdomen  is  more  bluish-green,  and  at  the 
basis  of  the  latter  an  unmetallic,  dirty-yellow  coloring  may  be 
seen.  The  coloring  of  the  feet  is  varialde  ;  in  .some  specimens 
thev  are  altogether  pale-yellow,  oidy  a  little  darker  at  the  tip  of 
the  tarsi ;  as  this  occurs  it\  those  specimens  which  have  the  basis 
of  the  abdomen  vellow,  one  might  almost  be  led  *o  thp  conelusioa 
that  they  form  a  distinct  .species;  however,  fh"atisfduk  Mnnlni'ity 
of  all  the  other  characters  renders  this  conelu^iou  v-jry  inntiuliu* 


i!- 


ORTAI.IKiT': — OlIvKTOI'SIS. 


ni 


hie;  darker  sporiinciis  have  llu;  color  of  llir  feet  tiioic  Itrowiiish- 
ytllow,  tla:  root  of  llu;  I'roiit  coxa;  and  tliti  ii|>  of  I  lie  (iiisi  «lark- 
bniwii ;  the  Ift'iuorii  of  siwh  spi'tMluens  often  slmw  r(jiis|ticiioiis 
l)l;i(k,  iiH'tallie-f^icea  loii<i;itu(liiial  stripes;  llie  darkc-,!  s|)ci'iiiK'ii.s 
Imve  tin'  whole  basal  hall'  of  (he  femora,  and  even  more,  of  (lii.s 
hlark  colorinjf,  whih;  the  tiltia;  also  are  partly  infiisealed. 
ll;ilterert  yeliowish-wliitc!.  ^^'inJ^s  with  three  hrownish-lilaek 
l)aiids;  the  veins  ar(!  hiack  upon  these  ijands,  but  orhre-yellow 
elsewhere,  which  fjives  the  whole  basal  part  of  the  win<f  an 
oehre-yellowish  tinj^^;.  The  first  l)and  i)e{,niis  at  the  eosta  with  a 
short  black  stigma,  is  jjerpeiidieular  and  rather  dark,  as  far  as  the 
fdiii'lh  loiijfitudiiial  vein  and  even  beyond;  the  remainder  of  the 
band,  as  far  as  the  ])osterior  niarjj^in  of  the  winfr,  Im  usually  very 
faint;  iIk;  small  erossvein  is  a  little  b(!yond  the  margin  ol"  this 
bund;  the  8(;eund  bainl  runs  over  the  posterior  crossvein  and  Ih 
])er)i('ndieular  and  rather  bro-^d  ;  its  posterior  end  i«  very  pale  ; 
with  \\n'  third  i)and  it  is  fi^enerally  connected  oidy  by  a  dark 
boi'iler  alon<^  thecosta;  sometimes,  however,  tiiis  border  becomes 
bidadtr  and  extends  in  some  sp<'ciniens  as  far  as  the  second 
loiiiiilndinal  vein.  'I'lie  third  band,  runninf^  alon^''  the  apex,  is 
lik('\vi>e  rather  l)road,  extends  us  far  as  tlie  fourth  longitudinal 
vriii,  and  t'veii  beyond  it,  in  the  shape  of  a  pray  shadow.  The 
last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vcdn,  beyond  its  middle, 
c  inverses  towards  the  third  ;  near  its  tip,  however,  this  couver- 
gvncy  becomes  again  much  less. 

Hab.  United  Stales,  rather  common  (Osten-Saeken);  Louisiana 
(Scliaum)    Cuba  ((Jiindlacli). 

(Jh>^erv,afion  1. — The  comparison  of  the  types  in  Wiedemnnn'.s 
collection  do  not  allow  any  doubt  about  the  deterniination  of  this 
Pjd'cies;  they  belong  to  the  variety  of  a  paler,  but  not  of  the 
palest,  c(doring.  Say's  good  description  of  Orlalix  tn'fasciafa 
refers  to  the  variety  with  dark  feet.  That  Mae(piart's  Urophora 
fiilvifronti  belongs  here  seetns  certain;  that  he  placed  the  species 
ill  the  genus  Vrofthora  is  no  objection,  bticause  he  did  the  same 
with  several  OrUilidiv;  the  figure  of  the  wing,  wiiicli  he  give.*,  is 
incorrect,  as  the  conipari.son  of  the  description  shows;  the  latter 
proves  conclusively  tha^  the  second  crossvein  <»n  the  middle  of  the 
wing  is  an  arbitrary  addition;  it  seems  that  Macquart  drew  the 
small  crossvein  correctly  on  the  extreme  limit  of  the  first  crosB- 
baud;  later,  however,  iu  finishing  his  figure,  he  noticed  that  iu 


jr* 


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im 


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ITS 


DIPTERA    OP    NORTH   AME     'CA. 


[part  hi. 


consequence  of  tlio  very  exaggerated  breadth  of  the  interval 
between  the  Orst  and  vsecond  bauds,  tlie  position  of  tlie  small 
crossvein  with  regard  to  the  posterior  one  had  beeorfte  altogcllier 
distorted,  and  in  order  to  correct  this,  he  may  have  drawn  tlie 
email  crossvein  a  second  time,  at  a  correct  distance  from  the  lari^e 
one.  Mr.  Van  der  Wulp  has  erroneously  taken  Chetlopsis  ifnea 
for  a  Trijpeta  and,  supposing  it  a  new  species,  accidentally  de- 
scribed it  under  the  same  specific  name. 

Observation  2. — The  Urophora  eenea  Macq.  (Suites,  etc., 
Dipt  II,  p.  458,  13),  may  be  a  synonym  of  the  present  species, 
although  I  do  not  consider  this  as  certain.  The  figure  of  the 
wing,  as  given  in  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  Tal).  XXX,  f.  7,  shows  at 
the  basis  of  the  wing  an  extensive  and  very  conspicuous  ijlack 
spot,  of  which  there  is  no  vestige  in  C.  aenea.  It  seems  certain 
that  Uro])hora  eenea  Macq.  is  a  species  belonging  ^o  the  present 
group  of  Ortalidse. 

2.  C.  debilis  Loew.    9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  20.)    Viridl-chalybea,  antennis 
totis  pe(libus(iiie  flavis,  alis  trifasciatis. 

Greenish-blue  ;  the  entire  antennae  and  the  feet  yellow;  wings  with  three 
bands.     Long.  corp.  0.12;  long.  al.  0.11. 

Stn.    Clt(vtopsis  debilis  Loew.    Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  318,  Tab.  II,  f.  22. 

Very  like  the  preceding  species,  but  smaller;  the  white  bloom 
forming  a  border  on  both  sides  of  the  front  is  comparatively  a 
little  broader  ;  it  has  a  single  row  of  four  bristles  upon  it,  whereas 
in  the  preceding  species  these  hairs  are  much  more  numerous. 
The  antenna3  are  altogether  yellow  and  their  third  joint  upon  its 
upper  side  is  somewhat  more  excised.  The  stigma  is  compara- 
tively smaller;  the  three  bands  have  the  same  position,  but  are 
less  pale  towards  the  posterior  margin ;  the  last  two  are  entirely 
separated  from  each  other,  which  is  very  seldom  the  case  with 
Choetopnis  eenea;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  vein  is  much  more 
straight  and  shows  only  a  vestige  of  a  slight  convergency  towards 
the  third  longitudinal  vein.  The  coloring  of  the  described  speci- 
men is  not  green,  but  greenish  steel-blue;  of  a  dirty-yellowish  at 
the  basis  of  the  abdomen  ;  but  as  it  is  a  rather  immature  specimen, 
these  differences  cannot  have  much  weight.  The  first  segment 
of  the  flattened  ovipositor  is  comparatively  long. 

JIab.  Cuba  (Guudlach) 


ORTALIDiE — 8TEN0MTIA. 


]73 


!'» 


Gen.  IX.  IIYPOECTA  Loew. 

Charact. — Front  of  an  equal,  ratlier  considHrahle  breaiUh,  somewhat  pro- 

jecting  when  vi«wed  in  profilH  ;  delicately  hairy  on  the  sideii  only. 
Antennce  short;  third  joint  very  much  excised  on  the  upper  side,  with 

a  very  sharp  anterior  corner  and  with  a  tliin,  hare  arista. 
Face  not  excavated,  fiomewliat  retreating  on  tliH  under  side;  i-hjjieus 

rudimentary,  not  projecting  over  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  of  a  wry 

small  transverse  diameter. 
Thorax  with  bristles  on  its  hind  part  only  ;  sculellum  convex,  with 

four  bristles. 
Wings:    posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell   pointed,  open;    the  lasV 

section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  converges  somewhat  towards 

the  third;  the  posterior  crossveiu  perpendicular. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  considerably  more  slender  than 
the  species  of  Chaclopxis  and  their  shape  is  somewhat  more  like 
that  of  Eumetopia.  The  third  aiitennal  joint,  the  shape  of  wliicii 
reminds  one  of  Ceroinjs,X\\ii  rot  excavated  face,  the  rudimentary 
clypeus  and  the  open  anal  cell,  are  easy  to  recognize.  Tlie 
oviiiositor  is  conspicuously  broad,  and  so  closely  joined  to  the 
abdomen  that  it  may  bo  easily  mistaken  for  its  last  segment. 
The  typical  species  is  //.  longula  Loevv,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI, 
p.  319,  Tab.  II,  f.  23,  from  Santos  (in  Brazil). 

No  North  American  species  are  as  yet  known. 


'.i  P  ii 


:  ,!fi  ^:>^ 


Cr''(U*^A: 


.•■  ■'^■' 


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,  1 

^'■'5^ 

■'.  .■  ^ 

1*. 


Gen.  X.  STEIVOMYIA  Loew. 

Charact, — Front  of  equal  breadth,  somewhat  projecting  in  profile,  hairy 
on  the  sides;  upon  the  remaining  surface  with  two  longer  hairs 
only. 

Antennw  rather  short,  third  joint  hardly  excised  upon  the  upper  side, 
but  with  a  sharp  anterior  angle;  arista  thin  and  bare. 

Face  not  excavated,  somewhat  retreating,  with  a  slight  depression 
under  each  antenna;  gently  convex  between  these  depressions; 
clypeus  of  moderate  transverse  diameter,  somewhat  projecting  over 
the  border  of  the  mouth. 

Thorax  with  bristles  on  its  posterior  part  only. 

Wings  comparatively  long  ;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  sharp,  but 
not  pointed,  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  about  double 
the  length  of  the  preceding  section,  gently  converging  towards  the 
third  longitudinal  vein  ;  posterior  crossveiu  rather  perpendicular. 

The  striking  slendernoss  of  the  narrow  Ixjdy  and  the  metallic 
ooloring,  are  points  of  resemblance  between  the  species  of  this 
geuus  and  those  o^  Eumetopia;  the  picture  of  the  wings  is  like- 


•■»•-. 


•■r 


■M 


■1^ 


mi 


m 

m 

'W 

^'    i 

t       vt 


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t,  .      i  •    •     ' 


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i.i 


4!; 

''ii 


174 


DIPTERA  OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III, 


wise  a  similar  one.  The  former  are  at  once  distinguislicd,  how- 
ever, hy  tlie  front,  which  is  not  coiiically  j)rojoctiiij^.  They 
are  chnracterizcil  also  by  the  shape  of  the  wing.s  and  the  vena- 
tion, which  it  will  be  easier  to  understand  from  the  figure  tliuu 
from  a  de^scription. 

1.  S.  teillli!^  LoEW.  'J,.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  21.)  Chalybeo-viri<Hs,  ppdibus 
iiigriH,  bnrii  tar^oium  rufil ;  alia  ciutreia,  stigmate  et  plagH  permagua 
apicali  iiigris. 

dreenisb-steelblue,  tbe  feet  black,  tbe  root  of  the  tarsi  red ;  the  grayish 
wings  liave  a  black  stigma  and  a  large  black  spot  at  the  apex.  Long. 
Corp.  0.14;  long.  al.  0.13. 

Syn.   Slenomi/ia  trnuis  LoEw,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  321,  Tab.  II,  f.  24. 

Front  brown,  almost  black  above,  rather  hairy  along  the  orbits 
of  the  eyes,  upon  the  remaining  surface  only  with  two  more 
elongated  hairs;  the  little  stripes  running  down  from  the  vertex 
along  the  orbits  of  the  eyes  and  the  ocellar  triangle  are  dark 
blui.>^h-green,  shining.  Antennaj  black;  the  second  joint  at  its 
upper  corner  to  a  certain  extent  dirty-whitish;  third  joint  nithcr 
broad,  upon  the  upper  side  hardly  excised,  but  with  a  sluiri) 
anterior  corner.  Face  somewhat  retreating,  with  a  distinct 
depression  under  each  antenna,  longitudinally  convex  along  its 
middle,  dark  steel-blue,  shining,  but  on  its  upper  half  with  a  tliin, 
whitish  bloom.  Clypeus  of  a  ver\-  moderate  transverse  diameter, 
but  distinctly  projecting  over  the  upper  border  of  the  mouth,  deep 
steel-blue  and  shining.  Palpi  black.  Eyes  large  and  ratiitr 
round,  their  horizontal  diameter,  however,  is  a  little  larger  than 
the  vertical  one.  Cheeks  narrow.  Thorax  dusky  blue-grcon, 
rather  shining,  scntellum  greenish-black,  but  little  shining,  with 
an  entirely  even  upper  .side.  The  narrow  and  long  abdomen  has 
tlie  same  coloring  as  the  thorax;  however,  towards  its  extremity 
it  gradually  becomes  more  black  and  opaque.  Feet  black; 
femora  and  tibiae  with  metallic,  dark  bluish-green  reflections;  tlic 
extreme  tips  of  the  til)ia3  and  the  root  of  the  tarsi  are  dark  brick- 
red,  the  remainder  of  the  feet  brownish-black.  Ilalteres  whitish. 
Wings  long  and  narrow,  grayish,  the  root  and  a  rather  large  spot 
immediately  behind  the  stigma  lighter;  the  rather  small,  narrow 
utignia  is  of  a  black  color,  which  extends  below  it  as  far  as  the 
second  longltildinii)  vein;  the  last  third  of  the  wings,  beginning 
M  tli«  tosta  as  far  as  the  fonrllj  longitudinal  vein,  is  tinged  with 


\    ■ 


■ ''( 


OKTALIDvE — EUMETOPIA. 


175 


Mackish  ;  this  color,  at  its  iniior  border,  between  the  third  and 
fourth  k)iigitudiual  veins,  is  very  piUc,  and  extends  soiuoliines  as 
a  gray  sliaduw  even  beyond  tiie  fDiu'tii  vein  ;  the  lir.st,  secoiui, 
llijrd,  and  liflh  longitudinal  veins  are  cunspieuous  for  their  siout- 
IR'SS  and  black  color;  the  basi.s  of  the  second  vein  and  the  portion 
of  it  lying  in  the  clear  spot  beyond  tht;  stigma,  are  of  a  paler  color 
and  less  stout.  The  snuill  crossvein  is  immediately  below  or  Init 
little  beyond  the  end  of  the  stiti'nia;  but  always  beyond  the 
iiiiildle  of  the  diseal  cell;  the  [jostcrior  crossvein  is  perpendicular  ; 
the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  conspicuous  for 
its  gr(;at  length  and  converges  gently  towards  the  third  ;  anal  cell 
with  a  sharp  angle,  which  is  not,  however,  drawn  out  in  a  point. 
Hub.  Georgia. 


i^» 


•.■■■:<•:. 


• .  .'* 
'' ' 


Gen.  XI.  EriWETOPIA  Macq. 

Charart. — Frn)tl  very  much  projectiiif?  aiitt^rioily,  so  tliat  the  licnd,  seen 
in  profile,  appears  uoniual ;  jpoii  its  Riiles  and  ita  anteiior  part  it  is 
sparst'ly  beset  with  sliorc,  not,  eiect,  hairs. 

Aiiti'iiiKP  of  middle  sizf ;  third  joint  oval,  with  a  hare  arista. 

Fdci'  iinnsually  retrealinu.  ahiio.tt  horizontal,  below  em-h  antenna 
distinctly  excavated  anil  with  a  small  ridge  between  these  impres- 
sions; clypi'us  small,  but  distinctly  projectiug  over  tho  anterior 
edge  of  the  mouth. 

Wiiig^  narrow  and  rather  long  ;  stigma  very  nftrrow,  posterior  angle 
of  the  anal  cell  acute  ;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  vein  soiuewiiat 
converging  towards  the  third  near  tiie  tip. 

Tiio  species  of  this  genus  are  always  bare,  very  slender  and 
have  a  metallic  coloring;  moreover,  they  are  easily  distinguished 
by  the  extraordinary  projection  of  their  foreheads  and  the  conical 
prufde  of  their  heads;  the  picture  of  their  wings  only  consists  in 
a  more  or  less  extended  black  spot  on  the  apex. 

1.  E.  rufipes  Macq.      'J,  .  — (Tab.  IX,  f.  22.)     Viridis,  pedibus  Inteis ; 
alarum  apice  nigro. 

Grpen,  ieet  dark-yellow;  wing3  with  a  blackish  apex.     Long.  corp.  0.2; 
long.  at.  0.13. 

Syn.  Eumeinpin  rufipes^  Macq.  Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  II,  p.  ^8,  Tab.  VI,  f.  2. 
Eiunetopia  rufipes  Loew,  I3erl.  Ent.  Zeitsclir.  XI,  p.  322,  Tab.  II,  f.  2.5. 

Front  reddish-brown,  often  very  dark,  the  projecting  portion 
on  both  sides  of  a  lighter  coloring;  moreover,  both  sides  of  the 
front  have  a  white,  pollinose  margin;  the  sides  and  the  anteriuf 


■jilll'^-nA- •; 


-  ''1 


KiA 


w^ 


;•;  ■■  ■.( 


■  ;'ll| 

1     ■     .     • 
1 

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176 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTU  AMERICA. 


[PAiiT  iir. 


portion  bear  somo  acattorcd,  short,  ueithor  numerous  nor  erect 
hairs;  tlio  iiitle  stripes  ruaiiiu)^  down  from  the  vertex  uloiiji;  iho 
orbits  of  the  eyea  and  oeeiiar  triangle  are  of  a  shining  niutullic- 
preen;  tlie  latter  is  somewhat  distant  from  the  vertex.  Anti'Miiiu 
rather  deep  blaek ;  faee  and  clypeus  nKi.Jcrately  shining,  blui.sli- 
bluck  ;  the  lower  orbit,  lictwever,  reiMish-brown,  v/ith  a  nariow 
wliite  border.  Palpi  and  probosei.s  durk-yellow.  The  tiioriix, 
the  moderately  eonvux  seuleiluin,  and  the  abdomen  shilling 
metallie-green ;  the  latter,  however,  becomes  more  opacjue  iiinl 
darker  towards  its  end.  The  fore  eoxuj  altogether,  the  hl'l-oikI 
joint  of  the  pt)Sterior  ones  and  tlie  feet  of  a  rather  dark,  sutiiruto 
yellow  coloring,  but  by  no  means  red  ;  the  front  tarsi  altogetiiir 
and  the  tip  of  tlie  i)osterior  ones  brownish-black.  Wings  narrow, 
somewhat  grayish-hyaline;  the  veins  are  tinged  with  yellow  at 
the  basis  and  in  the  proximity  of  the  anterior  margin,  as  far  as 
the  black  spot  on  the  apex ;  this  gives  to  those  parts  of  the  wings 
a  yellowish  coloring ;  the  other  veins  are  blackish ;  a  largo 
brownish-black  spot  on  the  apex  of  the  wing  occupies  almost  one- 
quarter  of  the  length  of  the  wing  and  extends  beyond  the  fourtli 
longitudinal  vein.  The  small  and  narrow  stigma  is  yellowish. 
The  snuiU  crossvein  generally  lieS  only  a  little  beyond  the  end  of 
the  stigma  and  very  little  beyond  the  miildlc  of  the  discal  cell ; 
the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  perceptibly 
longer  than  the  interval  between  both  erossveins,  and  gently  con- 
verges near  its  end  towards  the  third  vein;  the  posterior  cross- 
vein  is  always  perpendicular;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell 
acute. 

Ilab.  United  States,  not  rare  (Osten-Sacken). 

S.  E.  Taripes  Loew.     9  .—(Tab.  IX,  f.  23.)    Viridis,  femoribns  nigris, 
gunibus  tibiisque  luteis,  alarum  apicu  nigro. 

Grt'eii,  femora  black,  knees  and  tibijB  yellow ;  wings  with  a  blackish  apex. 
Long.  Corp.  0.25  ;  long.  al.  0.12. 

Syn.  Enmetopia  varlpes  Loew,  Rerl.  Ent.  Zeitsohr.  IX,  p.  l^^l. 

Eumetopia  varipes  Lokw,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  Xf,  p.  323,  Tab.  II,  f.  2<i. 

Very  like  E.  r^fipes,  but  easily  distinguished  on  account  <>f 
the  different  coloring  of  the  feet.  Front  almost  black.  The  palpi 
of  the  only  specimen  in  my  possession  seem  to  be  yellnwisii- 
tirown.  Scutellum  more  flattened  than  that  of  E.  rxifijicx. 
Coxa;  and  femora  black  with  a  bluish-grcea  metallic  feflectiuu; 


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the  ti}»  of  ilin  f'-mora  and  tl(<»  til)iaB  fliiy-yollow,  tho  lattiT  soiiio. 
tiiiit^  Ijniwiiisli-yolluw;  tarsi  Ijrowa,  the  posterior  oi\i;s  palor  at 
the  basis.  Tlio  first  se<?iiit'iit  of  tho  Uattoiicd  ovipositor  l)la('k. 
The  wings  of  the  same  outiiuo  as  those  of  J'J.  rtijipcn,  but  tlie 
veins  at  tlie  basis  and  in  tiie  vicinity  of  tho  anterior  nuu-fi^in  h'ss 
yellow;  tho  small  crossvoin  is  far  beyond  the  middle  of  tht;  discal 
cell,  and  hence  it  is  less  distant  from  the  posterior  crossvoin  ;  tin? 
fiflh  longitudinal  vein  is  interrupted  at  a  somewhat  greater 
distance  from  the  posterior  margin  of  the  win^  and  the  last 
section  of  the  fourth  vein  converges  a  little  more  toward-'  tho 
third;  the  blackish  spot  at  tlie  apex  of  the  wing  is  jx-rceptibly 
larger,  so  that  it  occupies  more  tiiaii  one-fourth  of  the  length  of 
the  wing.  All  the  rest  as  in  E.  rufipes. 
Hub.  Cuba  (Uuiidlach). 

Second  Section :  RiciiAnDiNA. 
Gen.  I.  CO:¥ICEP!§  nov.  gen. 

Charact, — ficad  in  sliape  like  a  long,  somewli.a  flattened  cone;    Front 

rather  broail,  t-yefl  ratlier  distant  from   tlie  posterior  edire  of  tlie 

head  ;  tlieir  horizontal  diameter  somewhat  lunger  than  the  vertical 

one. 
The  tirst  two  nntenmtl  joints  short,  the  third  elongated  and  of  equal 

breadtli ,  arista  liare. 
The  metdthoracic  bristle  indicated  only  by  a  hardly  perceptible  little 

Iiair;  prothoracio  bristle  not  extant. 
Scutrlhim  with  two  iiristles. 
Ahclnnin  slender  and  elongated. 
Femora  not  incrassated,  unarmed;  the  underside  of  the  hind  ones 

witli  some  rather  stiff  bristles. 
Winij>t :  posterior  anj.'le  of  the  anal  cell  abbreviated ;  crosaveins  not 

approximated;  the  smaller  one  on  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell; 

tht!  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  parallel. 

The  ])resont  genus  is  very  like  Eumciopia  on  account  of  its 
narrow,  elongated  shape  and  its  strongly  projecting  front.  I 
lilaco  it  here  in  order  to  bring  it.  as  near  as  possilile  to  Eumetnpia, 
although  I  am  far  from  considering  it  as  a  typical  genus  of  the 
pi'oup  Eichardina.  It  is  distinguished  from  Eumefopia  not  only 
ly  the  alibreviated  angle  of  the  anal  cell,  but  also  by  the  still 
inure  projecting  forehead,  by  the  somewhat  turgid,  cushion- 
^^liiijiod  occiput,  and  by  the  comparatively  shorter,  but  broader 
wings. 
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DIPTERA    OF    NORTH   AMERICA. 


[part  III 


It  CaUigern.ap.  %  9- — Moilicenitens, ni>;er, halteribusconcoloiilas, 
coxis  pedibusque  lateia,  alin  uiiiereid,  adveraus  costaiu  et  apicuiu  iiiu'i{;<. 

Moderately  shilling,  black,  witb  the  halterea  of  the  same  oolor;  cox.-o  ami 
feet  dark- yellow ;  wings  gray,  tinged  with  black  along  the  ant<-ri  ^r 
margin  and  towards  the  apex.  Long.  corp.  %  0.15 ;  9  cuu^  terebri 
0.21;  long.  al.  'J,  0.11;    J  0.13. 

Black,  moderately  shining,  beset  with  short,  nnconspicnnus, 
black  hairs.  The  bristles  on  the  sides  of  the  vertex  of  niciliura 
length.  Antennae  deep  black;  third  joint  comparatively  lonj, 
of  equal  breadth,  rounded  at  the  end  ;  the  bare  arista  of  medium 
length,  perceptibly  stouter  towards  the  basis;  the  parts  of  the 
mouth  comparatively  small  and  rather  hidden.  Abdomen  loni: 
and  narrow,  of  almost  equal  breadth.  The  first  segment  of  the 
ovipositor,  at  the  bftsis,  lias  the  same  breadth  as  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  last  abdominal  segment;  it  is  but  little  narrowtMJ 
towards  its  end;  it  is  clothed  with  a  black  pubescence  which, 
although  by  no  means  loii^*  is  nevertheless  rather  coiispiciiou-; ; 
in  some  specimens  its  sides  are  turned  upwards,  so  that  it  appears 
narrower  towards  its  end  tuan  it  really  is;  the  second  and  third 
joints  of  the  ovipositor  are  generally  retracted  within  the  first, 
which  might  produce  the  impression  that  the  species  is  a  new 
form  of  Micropezidfe ;  when  they  are  projecting,  both  prove  to 
be  comparatively  rather  broad  and  the  third  ends  in  a  short,  l)iit 
sharp  point  Coxse  and  feet  are  of  a  dark  yellow  color;  the  tar>i 
are  infuscated  towards  the  tip:  the  hind  femora  with  some  stiff 
bristles  of  moderate  length  on  their  under  side,  which,  however, 
do  not  resemble  spines.  Halteres  blackish.  "Wings  gray  with 
black  veins;  the  apex  of  the  wings  blackened  and  the  costa  with 
a  black  border,  beginning  at  the  tip  of  the  costal  cell. 

Hah.  Texas  (Belfrage). 

Oen.  II.  RICHARDIA  Rob.  Desv. 

Charaet. — Front  of  most  species  rather  broad  ;  ocelli  not  far  from  the  e<\ee 
of  the  vertex ;  the  anterior  one  more  distant  from  the  posterior  ones 
than  these  from  each  other ;  in  the  males  of  several  species  the  head 
is  very  much  expanded  transversely,  as  in  the  species  of  Achias. 

Aritta  pubescent,  or  short-feathery. 

Mer-^thoracie  and  prolhomcic  bristlex  present,  although  weak. 

Scutellum  with  four  bristles ;  metathnrax  steep. 

Abdomen  narrow,  still  more  narrowed  towards  the  basis. 

Front  femora  only  moderately  incra^sated;  the  intermediate  ones  not 


■,    t 


I'.t 


ORTALID.C — CYRTOMETOPA. 


179 


at  all ;  the  hind  fttmora  very  mcch  inoraasated,  beset  with  spines 
on  the  under  side. 
Wiitfis:  the  croasveins  approximated  to  each  other ;  th 4  third  longi- 
tudiual  vein  towards  its  tip  ia  more  or  less  curved  backwards  ;  the 
tliird  and  fourth  veins,  for  this  reason,  appear  oouvergeut;  posterior 
angle  of  the  anal  cell  obtuse. 

The  characters  distinguishing  this  genus,  which  is  peculiar  to 
America,  are  as  follows:  the  rather  ecjually  narrow  alxiomen; 
the  unarmed  front  and  middle  femora;  the  very  much  incrassated 
hind  femora,  the  under  side  of  which  is  beset  with  spines;  finally, 
the  crossvelns  being  approximated  to  each  other. 

The  rather  coarse  hairs  upon  the  feet  of  most  species  of 
Richardia  look  somewhat  like  spines  at  the  further  end  of  tho 
under  side  of  the  front  and  middle  femora;  although  I  have  not 
ol)served  any  real  spines  upon  the  under  side  of  the  four  anterior 
femora  in  any  of  the  species  which  I  have  examined. 

The  mention  of  the  presence  of  the  prothoracic  and  mesotho- 
racic  brititle  has  been  introduced  among  the  characters  of  this  and 
of  the  following  genera,  wherever  I  was  able  to  do  so.  But,  as 
in  several  cases  1  hud  only  a  single,  perhaps  not  particularly 
well-preserved,  specimen  for  comparison,  or  one  in  which  this 
character  could  not  very  well  be  ascertained,  the  statement  about 
the  ahxence  of  one  of  these  bristles  is  not  to  bo  taken  too  strictly 
until  further  confirmation. 

The  typical  species  is  the  well-knowu  Richardia  podagrica 
Fabr.,  from  South  America. 


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Oen.  III.  CYRTOmETOPA  nov.  gen. 

Charact. — Front  broad,  very  much  projecting  in  profile. 
Arixta  pubescent. 
Femora  strong,  although  not  exactly  incrassated ;  all  are  beset  with 

spines. 
WiH^s ;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  obtuse ;  crossveins  not  approxi- 
mated to  each  other;  the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  con- 
verges very  much  towards  the  tip  of  the  third  vein. 

The  typical  species  is  the  Odontomera  ferrvginea  ISracquart 
(Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  p.  215),  in  which,  with  tolerable  certainty,  I 
recognize  an  American  species. 

The  Odontomera  macnlipennis  Mncquart  (Dipt.  Exot.  Snppl. 
I),  from  Columbia,  probably  belongs  to  the  genus  Cnplometojn'a. 

I  have  drawn  the  characters  of  this  genus,  as  far  as  it  was 


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180 


DIPTERA    OF    NORTH    AMERICA. 


[part  III. 


posrsible,  from  Macquart's  Ktuloiiuiits.  The  charnflorH  wliich 
])rovent  me  from  uiiitini^  tliis  genus  willi  the  followiiij;'  are;  tin- 
front,  very  much  proji-cting  in  pronie,  the  iinich  shorter  ami 
stronger  femora,  the  wings,  wliieh  are  not  attenuated  towards  thtir 
Itasis,  and  the  strong  eonvergeney  of  the  third  and  I'ourtli  longitij. 
dinal  veins.  If  the  auxiliary  vein  is  really  as  far  distaiit  fruni 
the  lirst  longitudinal  as  Maeciuart's  figure  sbowa  it,  this  would 
furnish  one  distinctive  character  more. 

Gen.  IV.  STENOiHACRA  dov.  gen. 

Charact. —  (lenenil  shape  almust  like  Sfpaix. 

Front  rather  broad,  sonu'wluit  narrower  antftriorly. 

Ocelli  closely  approximated  to  eauh  otlier,  almost  iu  the  middle  of  the 
front. 

Anlfuniil  arista  with  a  very  distinct  pubescence. 

No  mesotlioracio  and,  to  all  apiiearances,  no  prothoracio  bristle. 

ScHtellum  with  two  bristles  ;  tmialhorux  sloping. 

Abtlumen  nariow,  alnu.st  pedunculate. 

Feet  slender,  femora  not  incrassated,  the  intermediate  ones  attenuatfd 
towards  the  end  ;  the  liind  femora  a  little  longer  than  *he  mid'lle 
ones  ;  all  are  beset  with  spines  towards  the  tip. 

Wings  rather  large,  very  much  attenuated  towards  the  basis;  poste- 
rior angle  rounded  olT;  the  auxiliary  vein  very  much  approximated 
to  the  first  longitudinal,  coalescing  with  it  at  the  tip;  the  second 
longitudinal  readies  the  margin  of  the  wing  far  from  the  ap.x;  the 
small  crossvein  is  far  before  the  miildle  of  the  discal  cell;  the  last 
section  of  the  fonrth  longitudinal  vein  almost  parallel  to  the  third 
vein  ;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  obtuse. 

1.  S.  Gnerini  Bio.  %  9.— (Tab.  IX,  f.  25.,  Rufescens,  pleiiris, 
scutello,  metanoto  abdominiscjue  basi  nigris ;  alje  hyaliuae,  striguli 
Bubbasali  et  macule  magu&  apicali  nigris. 

Reddish,  pleursB,  scutellum,  i.;.;iathorax  and  the  basis  of  the  abdomen 
blacik;  wings  hyaline  with  a  little  black  streak  at  the  basis  and  a  large 
black  spot  at  the  apex.     Long.  corp.  0.20 ;  long.  al.  0.20 — 0.22. 

Stn.  Sepsis  du^rini  Rioot,  De  la  Sagra,  Hist,  fisica,  etc.,  p.  822,  Tab.  XX,  f.  9. 

Ferruginous-red,  rather  shining,  the  upper  part  of  the  occiput, 
as  well  as  the  region  of  the  vertex  and  the  little  stripes  running 
down  from  it  upon  the  front,  pometimes  shining  black,  almost 
metallic.  Front  rather  broad,  somewhat  narrower  anteriorly ; 
the  bristles  of  the  vertex  long ;  the  bristle  in  front  of  tlieiu, 
inserted  upon  the  little  stripe,  is  likewise  long,  removed  to  almost 
the  middle  of  the  front.    The  ocelli,  near  which  the  ordinary  two 


i  ! 


ORT.VLlD-t — STKNdMACRA. 


181 


bristles  arc  jdacod,  arc  likewise  reniovi'd  to  about  the  miildli*  of 
the  front  a;id  are  oln.-o  to  tin-ii  otlicr,  Aiiteiiiiaj  dcsc'eiidiiig 
to  tlie  edge  of  the  iiiuutii ;  the  (irst  two  joints  yclinw ;  the 
third  more  or  less  iiifu-st-ated  ;  the  arista  with  a  very  distinct, 
gomewliat  rare,  pulteseenco.  Face  of  the  />ar«.s-like  shape, 
peculiar  among  the  Itivlniniina  ;  probo.sei.s  and  palpi  sonietiino3 
of  a  dirty  reddish-yellow,  sometimes  more  brownish-ferruginfJUH. 
The  thoracio  dorsum  somewhat  ferruginous;  only  very  dark 
specimens  have  it  black  ;  the  hairs  upon  it  are  placed  in  four 
distinct  longitudinal  rows,  the  intermediate  ones  being  very 
closely  aiipro::imated.  Seutellum  convex,  with  two  bristles,  black 
ferrugiiious  on  the  sides  in  very  pale-colored  specimens  only. 
I'k'unu,  with  the  exception  of  the  humeral  region,  as  well  as  the 
whole  nietathorax,  black.  The  basis  of  the  abdomen  is  black  to 
a  greater  or  less  extent;  in  rare  specimens  only  does  this  color 
reach  the  posterior  margin  of  the  rather  considerably  elongated 
first  al)domiiial  segment  ;  in  some  specimens,  however,  this  cohir 
extends  to  the  very  end  of  the  abdomen,  or,  at  least,  turns  here 
into  blackish-brown.  The  ovipositor,  which  is  longer  than  the 
last  three  abd'sniinal  segments  taken  together,  is  usually  black 
or  blackish-brown  ;  its  upper  side  is  excavated  (at  least  in  dry 
specimens),  ai>d  its  under  side  convex,  and  hence,  it  is  less  flat- 
tened than  in  the  other  genera  of  the  likhardina.  Coxic  pale- 
yellow.  Front  feet  pale-yellowish ;  the  tibiae  towards  the  l)asis 
and  the  tarsi,  beginning  from  the  second  joint,  infuscated;  femora 
not  inerassatcd,  beset  with  a  few,  but  rather  strong,  spines  on  the 
under  side  towards  its  end.  The  anterior  haif  of  the  middle  femora 
dark-brown  and  somewhat  incrassated;  the  posterior  half  thin  and 
dark-yellow;  the  greater  part  of  the  under  side  sparsely  spinose  ; 
middle  tibiae  dark-brown,  in  most  specimens,  gradually  becoming 
yellow  towards  the  tip ;  tarsi  yellowish,  brownish  towards  the 
tip.  Hind  femora  not  incrassated,  whitish,  the  last  third  brown- 
ish-yellow, brownish  towards  the  tip ;  both  shades  separated  by 
an  oblique  brownish-l)lack  ring;  hind  tibiae  and  tarsi  as  in  the 
intermediate  pair  of  feet.  Wings  very  much  attenuated  towards 
the  l)asis,  hyaline;  their  anal  angle  not  projecting  at  all;  from 
the  tip  of  the  costal  cell  a  narrow  black  streak  extends  over  the 
incrassated  point,  where  the  third  longitudinal  vein  originates 
and  over  the  crossveins,  closing  the  little  cells  at  the  basis  of  the 
wing ;  the  apex  of  the  wing  is  occupied  by  a  large  black  spot, 


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182 


UlI'TEUA    OF    N.  UTII    AMKIIICA. 


[I'AKT  in. 


which  runs  fruni  the  oiiterior  to  Iho  posti-rior  margin,  but  i.s  vcrv 
much  diluted  beyond  the  fourth  htn<ritu(linul  vein.  Tliu  second 
lungitudiiiul  vein  is  gently  curved  forwurd  and  ends  Kcmic  distance 
from  tlte  tip;  the  small  crossvein  is  before  the  middle  of  the  disca! 
cell;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  is  alniDst 
])arallel  to  the  third  vein ;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  auul  cell  is 
rounded. 

Ilab.  Cuba  (Gundlach). 

Observation. — Through  the  kindness  of  Dr.  Gundlach,  wlio 
sent  me  the  specimens,  I  have  been  informed  of  the  identity  uf 
this  species  with  the  one  described  by  IJigot.  I  have  not  suc- 
ceeded yet  in  comparing  I)e  lu  Sagra's  work,  which  contains  the 
description,  and  I  draw  the  attention  of  those,  to  whoiu  this 
work  is  accessible,  to  the  fact,  that  among  the  Cuban  species 
described  by  me,  one  or  the  other  may  have  been  previously 
described  by  Mr.  Bigot  in  that  volume. 

Gen.  V.  SYNTACES  nov.  gen. 

Charact. — Front  nioderiitnly  broad,  broader  above  (according  to  Macquart's 

statenieut,    his  figure,  ou  the  contrary,  shuwa  a  front   narrower 

above). 
Anti'tinnl  arista  pubescent. 

Feel  slender;  all  tlie  femora  thin  and  all  armed. 
Wini/s:  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  rectangular;  crossveios  uot 

approximated ;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  lougitudiual  vein  only 

moderately  convergent  with  the  third. 

The  typical  species  is  Setellia  apicalis  from  Brazil,  described 
by  Macquart  (Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  p.  249).  As  I  have  not  seen 
this  species,  I  have  borrowed  the  generic  characters  from  that 
author's  description  and  figure,  which  gives  these  characters  a 
somewhat  uncertain  basis.  The  close  relationship  to  tiie  next 
following  genus  is,  in  my  opinion,  evident ;  still,  it  does  not 
seem  advisable  to  unite  them,  as,  in  the  present  genus,  the  front 
femora  are  weaker  and  armed  with  less  conspicuous  spines ;  as 
the  hind  feet  are  much  less  elongate^  in  comparison  to  the  front 
feet;  as  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  ceil  is  not  obtuse,  bat 
rectangular,  and  as  the  second  longitudinal  vein  has  no  stnnip 
of  a  vein  upon  it ;  nevertheless  it  is  not  impossible  that  the 
examination  of  a  specimen  would  lead  to  a  diiferent  conclusion 
from  that  which  seems  warranted  by  Macquart's  description. 


OUTAUli.E — lUlOTVPA. 


183 


Qen.  VI.  EUOLENA  dot.  gen. 

Cliaract, — Front  very  broad,  very  little  narrowed  anteriorly;  Hlie  excava- 
tiou  of  its  U]>per  part  very  lihalluw;  the  ocelli  iiear  the  vertex  aud 
clusely  appruxiiiiulfd  tu  each  other. 

Autenniil  arista  with  a  VK'ry  short  pubeeiueuue. 

^'o  uieAuthoraeiu  brintle,  and,  as  it  seems  to  me,  no  prothoracio  one. 

Sculellum  with  four  l>rihtles;  the  lateral  ones  weak  and  sohII. 

J-'etl:  front  femora  rather  strong,  with  conspicuously  long  and  strong 
Bpines;  the  four  posterior  feet  remarkably  long  and  slender,  their 
femora  with  small  spines  near  the  tip  only,  otherwise  these  femora 
are  thin  and  very  long,  especially  the  intermediate  ouer>. 

Winys:  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  obtuse;  the  small  crossvein  a 
little  beyond  the  last  third  of  the  disual  cell ;  opposite  this  crossvein, 
the  second  longitudinal  vein  emits  a  little  stump  of  a  vein  into  the 
submarginal  cell ;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  lougitudinal  vein 
ia  nearly  parallel  to  the  third. 

The  typical  species  is  Michogaster  egregiiis,  from  Columbia, 
described  by  Gorstteckcr  (Stett.  Ent.  Z.  XXI,  n.  179).  I  possess 
the  male  only.  Tlie  ovipositor  of  the  female  is  called  sujrar-loaf 
shaped  by  the  author;  which  would  indicate  that  it  is  less  com- 
pressed than  in  the  other  Rivhardina  ;  it  may  be  somewhat  of 
the  same  shape  as  in  Slenomatra  Guirini, 

Oen.  VII.  IDIOTYPA  nov.  gen. 

Charact. — Front  very  broad,  not  narrowed  anteriorly;  ocelli  rather 
approximated  to  the  edge  of  the  vertex,  and  placed  close  to  :^'aoh 
other. 

Antennal  arista  witli  a  short  pubescence. 

No  mesothoracic  bristle;  a  weak  jjroihoraeic  one. 

ScuteiluiH  with  two  bristles  ;  meUtthorax  slojiinj;. 

Abdomen  slender  and  elongated,  almost  pedunculate  at  the  basia. 

All  the/emora  strong  and  aimed  with  spines. 

Wings:  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  quite  obtuse;  the  small  cross- 
vein  beyond  the  last  third  of  the  discal  cell ;  opposite  this  crossvein 
the  second  vein  has  a  stump  of  a  vein,  inside  of  the  submarginal  cell, 
and  a  second  one  on  the  opposite  side,  in  the  marginal  cell,  nearer 
to  the  apex  of  the  wim;;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal 
vein  almost  parallel  to  the  third. 

1.  I.  appendicillata  n.  sp.  %  9  .—(Tab.  IX,  f.  2(5,)  Ex  ochraceo 
ferruginea,  thoraee  flavo-vario,  alarum  dimidio  anteriore  ex  ochraceo 
ferrngiueo,  posteriore  subhyaliuo,  dilute  Intesoeute. 


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184 


riPTERA   OF    NORTH    AMEUICA. 


[I'AHT  ni 


Y«'llowish-f»'rrnj,'inou«,  witli  th«*  tlinrax  iiiarki-d  willi  wllow  ;  tlic  imti  rior 
half  of  tile  wings  ()cllrt•-b^owni^ll,  tli»'  itosti-rior  half  Hliiio>t  li.v.iline,  vuU 
luwisli.     Long    uorp.  0  44  ;    y  uuiu  turubid  O.b'l;  long.  al.  0  4 — (>.41. 

or  this  species  I  possess  a  very  well  preserved,  and,  as  it  scciiis, 
particularly  fully-colored  leiimle,  and  two  much  paler  iiiaks,  pro- 
bahly  haviiifif  faded  thnjiijjh  loiij?  expt)sure.  This  dill'orciice  in 
coloring  nolwilhstandinjj,  1  havtj  not  tlio  least  doul)t  that  Ixi'.h 
sexes  belong  to  tiie  sunie  species.  The  condition  of  th((  speciiiutis 
induces  me,  however,  to  begiu  with  the  description  of  tiie  fcniale 
and  to  add  afterwards  those  characters  by  which  the  male  speci- 
mens dilfer  from  it. 

Female. — Head  rather  dark-yellow,  of  the  ordinary  7-'fj(»,s-]ike 
sliape;  the  front  of  considerable,  and  altogether  etjual,  breadth; 
occii»ital  bri.sties  rather  strong  ;  the  lateral  bristles  in  front  of 
them  are  wanting;  likewise  the  ])ristles  generally  inserted  near 
the  ocelli  ;  the  ocelli  are  approximated  to  the  edge  of  the  vertex 
and  close  to  each  other;  a  black,  biarcuate  band  runs  from  the 
orbit  of  the  eye  on  one  side  to  that  on  the  other,  across  the  ocelli ; 
immediately  al)ove  tlie  antenna;  there  is  another  black  luind,  not 
reacliing  the  orbits,  the  upi)er  limit  of  which  forms  a  less  arcuate, 
the  lower  limit  a  more  arcuate  curve.  In  consequence  of  the  very 
approxinuited  position  of  the  antenna?,  the  frontal  lunule  is  more 
isolated  from  the  face,  than  is  the  case  in  any  other  of  the  Ortalidse 
I  am  accpiainted  with.  Antenna;  brownish  oehraceous-yellow; 
the  third  joint  comi)aratively  long;  the  arista  with  a  short,  l)iit 
very  distinct,  pubescence.  The  lower  corners  of  the  central  por- 
tion of  the  face  rather  blackish.  The  short,  but  ratlier  broad  palpi 
oehraceous-yellow,  brownish-black  at  the  basis.  The  occiput 
phows,  not  fur  from  the  edge  of  the  vertex,  a  narrow,  black  cross- 
band,  not  quite  reaching  the  orbit  of  the  eye.  The  thorax  shows 
a  very  variegated  picture;  the  very  broad  middle  stripe,  running 
from  end  to  end,  is  of  a  brownish-ferruginous  color,  which  changes 
into  black  towards  its  posterior  third ;  this  stripe  is  divided  in 
two  by  a  blackish,  rather  indistinct  longitudinal  line ;  it  is  sejia- 
rated  fro!)i  the  lateral  stripes  by  a  longitudinal  line  of  oehraceous- 
yellow  pollen;  the  broad  lateral  stripes  are  cros.sed  by  the  trans- 
verse suture,  whi<;h  is  covered  with  pale  ochraceous-yellowisli 
pollen  ;  the  anterior  portion  of  the  lateral  stripes  is  black  and 
•leaves  exposed  only  the  pale  yellow  humeral  slri|i(';  the  posterior 
portion  of  the  lateral  stripe  is  black  on  the  side  turned  towards 


I?:-!  ■.';■*•* 


■■  *     u.. 


ORTALin.i:  — IDIOTYPA. 


Is.') 


tlio  middle  stripo,  otliiTwisc  l)ro\viii.sli-foiTiijriiiou3.     Scntclliiin 
slmrt,  witli  t\vi>  l)ristlL's,  palt'-yt'IIow.     IMeiira'  black;  llic  liimu'rnl 
riL-iiiii,  including  tlic  pnilliuracic  stijriii:i  and  u  broad  band,  ruii- 
iiiiifr  from  the  root  of  tlic  wing  to  tin;  it\terval  l)ftwccn  the  fore 
and  middle  coxie,  pale-ycUow;  the  suture,  lying  in  tliis  bund  and 
running  down  from  the  root  of  the  wing,  is  margined  with  brown- 
isli-bjack.      Metatliorax  black,  separated  from   tiie  pleuraj  by  a 
hroad  yellow  stripe.     The  first  abdominal  segment  rather  long, 
very  slender,  considerably  incrassated,  however,  towards  its  end, 
jio  that  here  it  ecpmls  in  breadth  the  folhjwing  segment ;   its  first 
third  i.s  black,  the  second  pale-yellow,  the  remainder,  aa  well  a.s 
the  renmining   portion   of  the  al)domen,  yellowish-ferruginous, 
almost  ochre-brownish,  and  beset  with  a  short  pubescence  of  the 
same  coloring.     Ovipositor  of  the  color  of  the  abdomen  ;  (piite 
flat ;  the  fir.st  segment  not  quite  so  long  as  the  last  three  abdo- 
minal segments  taken  together;  rather  narrow  towards  its  end. 
Co.xa;  i)rownish-black;  the  second  joint  of  the  front  coxte,  the  tip 
of  the  first  joint  and  the  second  joint  of  the  middle  ones,  yellow. 
All  the  femora  beset  with  spines,  not  incrassated,  but  strong, 
black,  yellow  to  a  small  extent  at  the  basi.s  only,  yellowish-red 
to  a  considerable  extent  towards  the  end.     Front  tibise  reddish- 
yellow;  the  four  posterior  ones  of  a  j)urer  yellow  with  reddish- 
yellow  tips.     All  the  tarsi  yollowi»h-red ;  the  front  tarsi  from 
the  second  joint  and  beyond  dark-brown;  the  other  tarsi  infuscated 
at  the  tip  oidy.     The  hairs  on  the  feet  are  very  short,  and  of  the 
same  color  as  the  grouml  upon  which  thej''  are  inserted.     Wings 
comparatively  long   and   imrrow,  with   ferruginous   veins;    the 
anterior   half   has   a  yellowish   rusty-l)rownisli   tinge,  which   is 
more  ferruginous-yellow  towards  the  basis,  and  more  brownish 
towards  the  ai)ex;  the  posterior  limit  of  this  c<jloring  is  almost 
rectilinear  and  reaches  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  at  its  root 
and  at  its  tip  only.     The  wholo  posterior  half  of  the  wing  has 
a  decidedly  yellowish   tinge,   but  is   rather  transparent.      The 
second  longitudinal  vein  is  rather  straight,  gently  bent  forward 
towards. its  end  only;  it  reaches  the  margin  not  far  from  the 
apex  of  the  wing;  two  conspicu(»us  stumps  of  veins  project  from 
it  not  far  from  each  other;   l>oth  are  perpendicular,  but  placed  at 
the  opposite  sides  of  the  principal  vein  ;  one  is  just  opposite  the 
sninll  crossvein,  the  other  somewhat  nearer  to  the  opex  of  tli? 
wiug;  the  small  crossvein  itself  is  a  little  beyond  the  last  third 


w. 

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186 


DIPTERA    OP    NORTH    AMKRKW. 


[I'ART  MI. 


of  tho  (liseal  roll;  the  lust  Kfctiori  of  the  fourtli  loiipitudinal  vein 
is  almost  pamllcl  to  tlio  tiiinl  voiii;  the  publerior  uuglo  ui'  iho 
auul  cell  is  ((iiitc  obtuse. 

Males. — The  two  Hj)eciim'us  which  I  have  heforo  nie  (lilTcr  from 
the  females  by  the  absence  of  th<!  upper  black  cnissbainl  on  the 
front,  of  the  black  crosHl)aii(l  of  the  occiput  ami  of  the  spots  on 
the  face  which  have  a  black  coloring  ;  all  which  in  the  feinulc  is 
(lescriln'd  as  black  or  blackish-ljrowu,  is  of  a  dinjry  rusty-l>rowii 
iti  the  mule.  As,  at  the  same  time,  the  contrast  i)etw('cii  the 
yellow  and  the  ferru{?inous  rop^ioiis  is  less  strikin;;,  this  ffivcs 
these  specimens  a  loss  variegated  appearance  than  that  of  tiie 
above-descril)ed  female.  The  first  abdominal  flegment  is  just  as 
narrow  as  in  the  female;  but  this  is  less  apparent  here,  as  tlio 
posterior  part  of  the  abdomen  is  less  broad. 

Ilab.  Cuba  (Gundlacb). 

Gen.  VIII.  8TEWERETltI4  nov.  gen. 

Chiiruct.  —  Front  very  brr»ad,  not  attniiuated  anteriorly;  occiput  very  con- 
vex ;  clieeka  broud ;  uuvili  hiuuII  and  ratli«»r  approxiiuate  to  euuh 
other. 

Aiisia  thin  and  bare. 

A  strong  niesotlioracio  bri.stle ;  no  protlioracic  one. 

Sciitel/um  with  two  bristles  ;  metathorax  (ilopini;. 

Ahdnmc.n  slender  and  elongnte,  attenuate  towards  the  basis. 

Femora  of  medium  strength,  all  unarmed. 

Win<j»  but  little  developed,  short  and  exceedingly  n.arrow,  attenuate 
iu  the  shape  of  a  wedge  towards  the  basis,  so  that  their  surface 
beyond  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  is  nothing  but  a  narrow,  veinless 
Stri  p ;  the  auxiliary  vein  so  closely  approximated  to  the  first  longitu- 
dinal vein,  that  they  can  be  distinctly  told  apart  at  their  end  only  ; 
the  two  ordinary  crossveins  approximate  to  each  other;  the  small 
one  lies  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  wing ;  second  basal  cell 
Tery  small  and  narrow;  the  anal  cell  and  the  sixth  longitU'linal 
vein  are  wanting,  with  the  exception  of  a  ruilimeut  of  the  latter, 
which  does  not  reach  beyoud  the  axillary  iucisiou. 

As  the  group  of  the  UlicUna  contains  the  genera  with  a  more 
developed  anal  cell,  the  group  of  the  Richardina  on  the  contrary 
those  with  a  less  developed  one,  there  can  be  no  doubt  that  tiie 
present  genus,  in  the  incompletely  developed  wings  of  which  the 
anal  cell  is  altogether  wanting,  belongs  to  the  Itichardinn ;  and 
that  this  is  its  true  location  is  proved  by  its  relationship  to 


OKTAI.ID.F, — 8TKNE11KTMA. 


18T 


hUiitypa,  especially  cvidfiit  in  tlic  structure  of  tlu'  nlMliniicn. 
AuiDiig  the  dillVreiii'i's  of  these  two  genera  1  will  tmly  nieiiiinii 
that  tlie  structure  of  the  head  of  Idiotijiia  is  uot  nidike  that  of 
Dui'ttii,  while  the  heail  of  Stiiirrctiua  re.send)les  that  of  Tritoxa. 
As  Slrneretina  and  Trituju  also  agree  in  the  presence  of  a 
lufsuthoracic  bristle  and  in  the  ahseiice  of  a  prothoraoic  one,  the 
former  genus,  if  its  first  longitudinal  vein  showed  u  dibliuct 
pubescence,  wuuld  have  tu  be  placed  uext  tu  Ti'Uuxa. 

1.  S.  laticailda  n.  np.  9  ■ — Lnt«'a,  Hegiiientis  atxiouiiniiinins  nlngiil!« 
])U!4tic«  augUMte  «t  sqnalitt'r  fusco-iiiaigiiiatid,  tarsia  printer  buniui  uigro- 
fuscin,  alia  lateo  uiuuruix,  albido-bilaxviatid. 

Daik-yellow,  the  single  ahilniuinal  Bfgiiifiits  on  their  poHti-rinr  margin 
ffitii  a  narrow  ill fuH(;at«<i  liordtr;  tlie  tarsi,  with  thu  exuuptiou  of  tlm 
baitiH,  blackiah-brown  ;  wings  yeliowisii-gray  with  twa^whitisU  orond- 
baudd.     Long.  corp.  0.14;  cuiu  terubr^  U.19;  long.  al.  0.11—0.12. 

Of  a  dnrk-yellow  color,  shining.  The  broad,  rather  convex 
front  bears,  besides  the  long  bristles  on  the  vertex  and  in  the 
region  of  the  ocelli,  a  moderate  qinintity  of  rather  long  black 
hairs;  the  comparatively  strong  convexity  of  the  occiput  almost 
obliterates  the  usual  edge  between  it  and  the  vertex.  The 
antenna}  are  of  the  same  color  as  the  rest  of  the  body,  and  of 
more  than  half  the  length  of  the  face;  their  third  joint  elongate, 
rounded  at  the  tip ;  the  thin  and  bare  arista  is  very  long. 
Clypeus,  palpi,  and  proboscis  likewise  partake  of  the  general 
coloring  of  the  body.  Thorax  but  little  elevated  and  rather 
narrow  in  comparison  to  its  length  ;  its  dorsum  on  the  sides  and 
on  its  j)osterior  border  with  a  few  rather  long  black  bristles;  upon 
the  remainder  of  its  surface  only  with  a  short,  black  pubescence. 
Scutellum  small,  bare,  with  the  exception  of  the  two  bristles  upon 
its  end.  Pleurte  g'abrous;  besides  the  mosothoracic  l)ristle  they 
hear  oidy  a  single  bristle  not  far  l)elow  the  root  of  the  wing.  The 
abdomen  is  narrow  and  elongate,  attenuate  towards  the  basis,  not 
so  much,  however,  as  in  the  females  of  Idioty}ia  afijietirliculo'.a ; 
its  segments  have,  on  the  posterior  margin,  a  narrow  Intrdev  of 
e(|ual  breadth  and  of  a  brown  or  reddish-brown  color;  upon  the 
last  segment  this  margin  becomes  indistinct,  or  it  is  altogether 
wanting.  The  blackish  pubescence  of  the  al)domen  is  every- 
where very  short  and  not  conspicuous.  The  ovipositor  is  of  the 
same  color   as   the  remainder  of  the    body  and   is   strikingly 


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188 


nil'TKBA  OF   NOUTil   AMKBICA. 


[pAiiT  iir. 


1ir(»u(l ;  its  first  joint  is  nitoiit  iis  loii^'  an  'no  last  throe  alMloniiiial 
Ho^int'iits  tulicii  to^^'tlu'r;  I'nuii  its  bu.sis  to  tlir  inidtilr  it  is 
t'Xiiflly  us  broad  as  liio  alMioiiifii  itsflf;  l)»'}oiid  tiio  iniddii-  it  i.s 
l)ut  littlu  uttciiiiatu,  Ku  that  tlit*  tnincaturu  at  thu  end  iias  a  cnn- 
Hidoral)!e  lireadtli;  tlie  sccuiid  and  tliird  juiiits  uf  tlic  ovipositor 
are  also  ratlicr  broad;  tlic  latter  docs  not  end  in  a  sliarp  point, 
but  ill  a  narrow  triiiicatnie.  l-'ret  bare,  their  struetiire  onliimiy  ; 
femora  uiiarnied;  tlie  tarsi  l)laekisli-brown  from  altoiit  tlie  tip  nf 
tile  first  joint.  The  yellowish-gray  wiiijrs  liave  two  perpeiKiiciilar 
whitish  erossimmls;  the  lirst  passes  between  the  two  ordinary 
crossveins  from  the  anterior  to  the  posterior  uiiir^'in  of  th(!  wiii^r; 
tlu!  second  lies  between  the  first  and  tlie  apex  of  the  wiii^',  but 
mueli  nearer  the  latter,  is  obliterated  in  the  niai'frinal  eell  ami  dots 
not  entirely  reaeh  the  posterior  niarjrin;  l)esides  these  two  wliiti>li 
crossbaiids  tln-re  is,  at  the  end  of  the  seeond  l»asal  cell  and  in  the 
adjoiniiif?  rejrion  of  the  first  basal  eell  a  small,  whitisii  sjiot ;  the 
eoloriii}^  of  the  win};,  on  this  side  of  the  lirst  cr()ssi)and,  towards 
the  root  of  the  wing,  elianges  gradually  into  elay-yellow,  while 
beyond  the  second  crossbaiid  tlit;  color  is  alnutst  blackish-gray ; 
the  posterior  crossvein  pliows  the  trace  of  a  delicate  lilaekish-gray 
'oing,  while  there  is  no  such  trace  on  the  small  crossvein. 
JIab.  Texas  (Belfrage). 

Oen.  IX.  CffiLOMETOPIA  Macq. 

Charact. — Front  of  moderate  breadth,  slightly  narrowed  anteriorly,  some- 
what excavated  ;  ocelli  far  removed  from  the  edge  of  the  vertex, 
placed  dose  to  each  other  on  a  more  or  less  projecting  hump- 

AntennnI  arista  with  a  very  short  piihescence. 

No  mesothoracic  and  one  prothora<!ic  hristle. 

Sfulflhnii  with  four  bristles;  metathorax  somewhat  sloping. 

Ftmorn  not  incrassate,  nevertheless  strong,  the  four  posterior  ones 
considerably  longer  than  tlie  front  pair;  all  are  provided  witii 
spines,  the  fore  femora,  however,  with  a  few  small  ones  towards  the 
tip  only. 

Wiu(js:  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  quite  obtuse  ;  the  crossveins 
not  approximate  to  each  other;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longi- 
tudinal vein  converges  towards  the  third. 

With  Ccplomefopia  a  scries  of  genera  begins  which  have  a 
comparatively  short,  oval  abdomen,  not  very  attenuate  at  tlio 
basis.  The  type  of  the  genus  is  C.  trimandatn  Fid).  =  C.  fcr- 
rufjinea  Macq.  from  South  America,  which  Wiedemann  placed  iti 
the  genus  Trypeta. 


ORTALII>.K — rcKI.OMKTOVIA. 


189 


I.  f.  binilll'lllata  n.  fp.  '^.— (Tali.  IX,  f.  27.)  Hiir.i,  nlHloinina 
L'liHlj'beo  vel  viiiliU'HO,  (i«Miiburt  tliivi.t ;  tiltiirt  taiueu  UrM(iruiu<iiiu  a|>iuo 
fuHcU  ;  als  hyaline,  ui^n»-l>ltuttkHilutw. 

Kfrrimiiious-rediliHli,  tliH  n".)il()iiiiMi  Mlffl-liIuH  or  vinlit;  f»«('t  ynllnw;  tildm 
ami  tip  of  tlif  tarni  lirown  ;  wiiiKs  livaliiie  with  two  bluck  Hpulit.  I^cng. 
corp.  lt.22— O.liii;   long.  al.  I'.lil— (i.::2. 

Hciul  niid  thorax  fcrriij(iii(tus-r<'(l,  rfttluT  Bliiiiiiij?;  only  the 
lijiid  (.'o.xiu  Bonictiiijcs  |)itcli-l)rown.  Front  of  very  niodcratt' 
breadth;  narrower  anteriorly,  somewhat  e.vcavuted ;  the  l>risiU'.s 
on  tin-  vertex,  the  very  nnudi  ndvaneed  hiteral  hrit^tles  nn*!  tlio 
two  liristles  near  th(!  ocelli  lilack  and  rather  strotijr.  The  ocelli 
ure  phiecd  close  to  each  other  on  iv  flatten  -d  elevation,  almost  in 
the  laiddii!  of  tlx;  front;  the  frontal  luntde  i.s  rather  i.'^olated  from 
the  face,  in  eoiisecjnenee  of  the  very  a|)|>roximatu  position  of  the 
antennic.  The  third  nntennal  joint  is  sometime.s  more  lirovvnish- 
red  towards  the  tip;  arista  with  a  short  piil)e>eence.  The  short 
hairs  on  tin;  thoracic  dorsnm  are  whitish,  and  lienco  easily  per- 
{•(■ptil)le;  th(?  ordinary  hristh.'s  are  black  or  brown,  Hometimes 
only  browni-sh;  a  i)lackisli  line  in  the  nnddle  is  only  occasionally 
perceptible.  Seutellinn  convex,  with  fonr  ])rownish  or  brown 
bristles.  Abdomen  metallic  steel-l)lue,  shininir,  with  more  or  less 
extensive  and  vivid  violet  rellecti<»iis ;  sometimes  ferrnirinous- 
liidwnish  at  the  c-xtrenu;  basis;  its  almost  whitish  pubescence 
appears  ninch  darker,  when  looked  at  aL'aiiist  the  light.  Femora 
yellowish,  usually  brownish  at  the  tip;  the  foremost  ones  stronjr, 
with  a  few  weak  and  .«inall  spines  on  the  under  side,  near  the  tip 
only;  the  four  ])ost«'rior  femora  much  longer,  also  strong,  witli 
ppineson  the  under  .side.  Tibise  brown.  Tarsi  of  a  dirty-yellowish 
brown  from  about  the  tip  of  the  second  joint.  Wings  pure  hya- 
line, with  a  rather  sparse  and  coars(>  microscopic  pubescence  and 
with  black  veins;  the  black  stigma  is  confluent  with  a  niode- 
rat.'ly  large,  sharply  limited  spot,  reaching  as  far  as  the  third 
longitudinal  vein;  a  larger,  almost  triangular  black  spot  occu- 
pies the  apex  of  the  wing;  it  begins  before  the  second  longitu- 
dinal vein  and  ends  midway  between  the  third  and  fourth  veins; 
moreover,  in  the  environs  of  the  humeral  crossvein.  there  is  a 
prayish-black  spot,  which  is  easily  overlooked.  'I'lie  third  longi- 
tudinal vein  is  very  straight;  the  small  crossvein  lies  in  the 
middle  of  the  comparatively  slu.rt  discal  cell.  The  anterior  basal 
cell  is  Somewhat  expanded  at  the  e.xpen.se  of  the  discal  cell,  so 


r\ 


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190 


DIPTEBA   OF   NOUTII    AMEIUCA. 


[PAUT  III. 


that  the  latter  is  much  imrruwer  lu'fore  the  small  crossvoiii  tliau 
beyond  it;  posterior  crossveiii  8traiji;ht,  somewhat  oblique;  the 
last  seefion  of  the  fourth  loiigitiiciiiuil  vein  Btrikiugly  lonj,', 
distiiu'tly  oonvergiiig  towards  the  third  longitudinal  veiu ;  puijle- 
rior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  very  obtuse. 
Hab.  Cuba  (Guudlach). 

Oen.  X.  HEMIXAXTIIA  nov.  gen. 

Charart.— Front  of  medium  breadth,  somewhat  narrower  anteriorly,  not 
excavated ;  tlie  posterior  ocelli  not  very  far  from  the  edge  of  tiie 
vertex  ;  the  anterior  one  removed  to  about  the  middle  of  the  front. 

Antenntd  arista  with  a  distinct  pubescence. 

A  small  protlioracic,  and,  aa  it  seems,  no  mesothoraeio  bristle. 

ScHtiUnm  with  four  bristles  ;  imUithorax  perpendicular. 

Femoni  not  inerassate,  but  rather  strong;  the  posterior  ones  lomier 
than  the  foremost  ones  ;  all  are  beset  with  spines ;  the  spines  of 
the  foremost  ones  are  but  very  few. 

Vr/ii'/s ;  posterior  angle  of  the  anai  cell  obtuse  ;  oroasveina  conspicu- 
ously approximate  :  the  last  section  of  tho  fourth  longitudinal  veiu 
is  parallel  to  the  third. 

The  diift-Tenoe  from  Cielometopia  consists  principally  in  the 
peculiar  position  of  the  ocelli,  the  remarkably  approximate  cross- 
veins  and  the  parallelism  of  the  third  and  fourth  longitudiniil 
veins. 

I  do  not  know  of  any  described  species  of  this  genus  and  for 
this  reason  give  the  following  : — 

!•  H.  spinipes  n.  sp.  9. — (Tab.  IX,  f.  28.)  Lutea,  metanoto 
epimerisque  metathoracis  nigris,  abdomine  chalybeo,  violaceo-spleii- 
dente;  alfe  subliyalinae,  apice  fasiiisque  tribus  fusco-nigris ;  harum 
secunda  postice,  tertii  auticO;  abbreviate. 

Clay- yellow,  metanotum  and  epimera  of  the  metathorax  black,  abdomen 
steel-blue,  with  a  violet  reflection  ;  wings  rather  hyaline,  the  apex  and 
three  crossbands  brownish-black ;  the  second  of  these  abbreviated 
posteriorly,  the  third  anteriorly.    Long.  corp.  0.24;  long.  al.  0.23. 

Clay-yellow,  thoracic  dorsum  more  yellowish-red.  Front  of 
medium  breadth,  but  little  narrower  anteriorly,  not  excavated, 
with  but  a  small  depression  on  the  vertex;  the  two  postorior 
ocelli  are  placed  upon  a  very  small  black  spot,  at  a  moderate 
distance  from  the  vertex  and  close  to  each  other;  the  antorinr 
ocellus  is  quite  unusually  distant  from  them,  and  placed  about 


■  *» 

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4 


ORTALlb^ — UEMJXAMUA. 


ll'l 


the  middle  of  ihe  front ;  tljo  bristles  ou  tiic  vertex,  the  rutlier 
distant  luterul  bristles  uud  the  two  ceellar  bristles  comparaiiveiy 
long  and  strong,  bluek.  AntenniK  reaehing  down  to  llie  border 
of  the  nioiilli ;  tlio  comparatively  long  tliird  joint  sonielinies 
bouiewliut  infuseated  ut  the  tip.  A^i^la  puliesceiit.  The  pubes- 
cence of  the  thoracic  dorsum  is  pale-yellowish,  the  ordinary 
bristles  black.  Seutelluni  of  u  pure  yellow,  wilh  lour  black 
bristles;  its  surface  rather  even.  The  middle  portion  of  the 
aiesonolum,  the  lower  portion  of  its  sichts  and  the  epitnera  of  the 
luelathorax  browidsh-black.  The  i)uiK'scenee  (jf  the  plcurie  yl- 
lowish.  Abdomen  ejongato-oval,  elay-yellow  at  the  extreme 
basis,  the  remainder  Bhining  .steel-blue  with  violet  reflect  ions, 
more  greenish-blue  at  the  posterior  end.  The  first  segment  of 
the  ovipositor  large,  shining  black,  concave  above,  sojuewhat 
convex  below.  Feet  day-yellow,  the  basi.s  of  the  middle  tiliiie 
and  the  hind  tibia)  brown  ;  the  tip  of  the  tarsi  but  little  infuseate<l; 
femora  not  incrassate,  although  rather  strong,  the  four  posterior 
ones  longer  than  the  two  foremost  ones:  the;  latter  with  a  few 
small  spines  near  the  tip  only,  the  former  beset  with  spines  on 
the  whole  second  half  of  the  under  side.  Wings  almost  hyaline, 
witli  a  yellowish-gray  tinge,  which  is  more  yellow  towards  the 
anterior  border;  costal  cell  yellowish  brown;  a  narrow  brownish- 
black  band  runs  from  the  humeral  erossvcin  to  the  axillary 
incision;  a  second  ore,  somewhat  broader,  runs  from  the  anterior 
margin  over  the  basis  of  the  submarginal  cell  and  over  the  end 
of  the  small  basal  cells  nearly,  but  ?iot  quite,  to  the  posterior 
margin  of  the  wing;  a  third  band,  inclosing  the  two  remarkably 
approxinmte  crossveins,  extends  from  the  posterior  margin  to  the 
middle  of  the  submarginal  cell;  the  npex  of  the  wing  bears  a 
large  elongate  brownish-black  spot,  beginning  before  the  second 
longitudinal  vein  and  occupying  the  border  of  th(!  wing  as  far  as 
beyond  the  fourth  vein.  The  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitu- 
dinal vein  is  parallel  to  the  third  vein;  the  posterior  angle  of  the 
nnai  cell  is  obtuse;  the  microscopic  pubesceuco  of  the  surface  of 
the  wing  is  remarkably  coarse  and  sparse. 
Eab.  Brazil. 


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111 

193 


DIPTERA  OF   NURTU   AMERICA. 


[part  III 


Oeu.  XI.  MELA.X'OLO.^A  uov.  gen. 

Charact. — Front  rather  broad,  somewhat  narrower  anteriorly,  not  exca- 
vated ;  the  posterior  ocelli  not  far  removed  from  the  edge  of  the 
vertex ;  the  anterior  one  at  a  «onsiderable  distance  from  them. 

Anterinal  arista  bare. 

A  strong  meaothoracic  bristle  and  ii  very  weak  protlioracic  one. 

Scutelliim  with  four  bristles  ;  metallwrax  ratli.r  perpendiiular. 

Femiira  not  incrassate,  only  the  hiudiuost  ones  with  spines  near  the 
tip. 

Willys:  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  quite  obtuse;  the  cross  veins 
not  apprexiniiite;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  reiu 
parallel  to  the  third. 

The  Fpecies  of  this  gomis  are  distinguished  by  their  robust 
thora.x  and  short  oval  aljdoincn  ;  tiio  surface  of  the  latter  is  not 
smooth,  but  entirely  covered  l)y  shallow  scars,  almost  chagreened. 
The  picture  of  the  wing.s  of  the  species  known  to  mo  consists  of 
a  black  border  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  wing  and  of  the 
apex,  and  of  a  narrow  black  streak  over  the  small  crossvein. 

The  typical  species  is  a  Brazilian  one,  described  by  Wiede- 
mann as  Tn/pcta  cyanognder.  As,  in  Wiedemann's  descriptimi, 
the  plastic  clurracters  are  not  sufficiently  tiikcn  notice  of,  I  will 
give  the  description  of  a  species  closely  related  to  his. 

1.  M.  aflillis  n.  pp.  %  .—(Tab.  IX,  f.  29.)  '  Rufn,  tibiis  concolorihna. 
posticis  taiiien  basiin  versus  infuscatis,  .•ibdoniiiiH  ex  violaceo  eli;ilyl>eo; 
alse  hyallnae,  costa  cum  apice  et  vena  tran.-< versa  media  aneuste  iiii,ro- 
limbntiri. 

Rod,  the  tibiffl  of  the  same  color,  the  hindmost  ones  infuscateil  townnls 
the  basis ;  rbdonien  violet  steel-blue;  wings  hyaline,  anterior  maigiu 
and  apex,  as  well  as  the  small  crossvein,  with  a  narrow  black  border. 
Long.  Corp.  0.24;  long.  al.  0.24. 

Ferrugiuons-red,  shining;  abdomen  of  a  dark  steel-blue  color, 
semewhat  verging  on  viclei.  Front  rather  broad,  somewhat 
narrower  anteriorly,  sometimes  tinged  with  yellow  on  the  sides; 
the  short  and  thin  hairs  upon  it  are  inserted  in  small,  very  shallow, 
and  hence  hardly  perceptible  pits.  The  two  superior  ocelli  nro 
quite  near  the  vertex ;  the  anterior  one  is  quite  a  distance  from 
them,  but  .still  above  the  middle  of  the  front;  bristles  of  the 
vertex,  the  lateral  ones  and  the  two  l)ristles  near  the  ocelli,  are 
present.  Antenna?  renching  a  little  beyond  the  border  of  the 
Piouth;    the  third  joint   long,  sometimes   more  reddish-brown. 


ORTALID.i: — MELANULOMA. 


193 


Arista  thin  and  apparently  bare.  Thorax  strongly  built;  the 
fallow-yellowish  p'ibesct'uce  of  its  dorsum  very  short;  the  ordi- 
nary bristles  black.  Scutellum  convex,  with  four  bristles.  The 
perpendicular  uiesonotuui,  the  pleura)  and  the  pectus  of  the  same 
color  as  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax.  The  mesothoracic  bristle 
strong,  black,  and  hence  very  conspicuous ;  the  prothoracic 
bristle  thin  and  fallow-yellowish,  and  hence  easily  overlooked. 
The  metallic-blue  abdomen  is  of  a  rounded-oval  shape  and  is 
covered  with  shallow  scars,  which  diminish  its  lustre ;  its  short 
pubescence  is  whitish  on  the  first  segment  only,  otherwise  rather 
blackish.  Feet  of  a  yellowish-ferruginous  color,  only  the  dis- 
tinctly arcuate  hind  tibia)  are  gradually  infuscated  towards  the 
basis ;  the  tarsi,  beyond  the  second  joint,  are  more  or  less  ferru- 
ginous-brownish. Femora  not  incrassate,  only  the  hindmost 
ones  with  spines  near  the  tip.  Wings  hyaline ;  the  costal  cell, 
the  stigma,  and  a  narrow  border,  running  from  it  to  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein,  along  the  margin  of  the  wing,  black;  the  small 
crossvein  likewise  with  a  narrow  black  cloud  ;  a  blackish  spot 
lies  between  the  extreme  basis  of  the  submarginal  cell  and  the 
end  of  the  costal  cell.  The  second  longitudinal  vein  reaches  the 
anterior  margin  rather  far  from  the  apex  of  the  wing;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  very  straight ;  the  small  crossvein  is  a  little 
beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell,  which  is  considerably  narrower 
before  this  crossvein  than  after  it;  posterior  crossvein  straight,  a 
little  oblique  ;  the  last  section  of  tlip  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
rather  long,  parallel  to  tie  third  vein  ;  posterior  angle  of  the 
anal  cell  quite  obtuse.  The  microscopic  pubescence  of  the 
surface  of  the  wing  is  comparatively  sparse  and  coarse. 

Hub.  Brazil. 

Observation. — 31.  cyanogaster  Wied.  is  not  quite  as  large  as 
the  above-described  species;  its  wings  are  comparatively  smaller 
and  the  black  border  along  the  costa  is  somewhat  broader  at  the 
apex  of  the  wing ;  the  lateral  bristle  of  the  front  is  somewhat 
more  removed  from  the  bristles  on  the  vertex ;  the  shallow  pits 
on  the  front  are  not  perceptible ;  the  pubescence  of  the  thoracic 
dorsum  is  considerably  longer ;  the  pleurae  and  the  tibiie  are 
blackish-brown. 


18 


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194 


DIPTERA    OF    iNOKTII   AMERICA. 


Geu.  XII.  EPIPLATEA  Loew. 


[part  III. 


Charact, — Front  broad,  narrower  anteriorly ;  not  projecting  in  prolilc ; 
rather  densely  baiiy  upon  the  whole  surface. 

Anttnnce  of  medium  size;  third  joint  oval,  with  a  thin,  bare  arista. 

Face  vertical,  with  a  depression  under  each  antenna;  longitndiuiUy 
convex  between  these  depressions  ;  clypi-us  of  a  moderate  transvei  sh 
diameter,  projecting  considerably  beyond  the  anterior  edge  ol  the 
mouth,  which  is  drawn  upwards;  prolwacis  stout. 

Thorax  with  bristles  ou  its  hind  part  only;  scutellum  convex,  with 
four  bristles. 

Femora  of  moderate  length,  strong,  but  not  incrassate;  all  unarnicl. 

Winys  comparatively  short;  submarginal  and  first  posterior  ihIIs 
broad;  third  longitudinal  vein  bent  backwards  towards  its  t- ml ; 
the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  does  not  convi  r^e 
towards  the  third  ;  posterior  crossvein  perpendicular;  the  postt-iiur 
angle  of  the  anal  cell  rather  acute. 

The  species  of  this  genus  are  rather  stout,  not  metallic,  oxcciit 
sometimes  on  the  abdomen.  The  structure  of  the  head  nralls 
that  of  some  Sciomyzidse,  and  is  very  like  that  of  the  two  well- 
known  species,  described  by  Wiedemann  as  Ortalis  tri/afrnita 
and  atom  aria ;  in  their  general  appearance,  the  species  of  /:'//- 
platca  are  also  not  unlike  the  two  latter  species,  but  are  cumIv 
distinguished  by  the  first  longitudinal  vein  being  bare,  i)y  tlio 
posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  not  being  rounded  as  in  these 
species  and  by  the  absence  of  the  erect  bristle  before  the  end  of  tli(> 
upper  side  of  the  tibiae,  a  bristle  which  is  always  present  in  the 
latter  species. 

1.  E*  erosa  Loew.  9  • — (Tab.  IX,  f.  24.)  Fusco-testaceo  vel.  ex  fer- 
rugine  fusca,  pedibus  concoloribus ;  abdomine  nigro,  alls  hyalinis,  fast  lis 
duabus  et  puncto  centrali  nigris. 

Brownish-yellow  or  ferruginons-brown,  with  the  feet  of  the  same  color  ati'l 
a  black  abdomen;  wings  hyaline,  with  two  brown  crossbands  ainl  in 
the  middle  with  a  brown  dot.     Long.  corp.  0.17;  long.  al.  0.16. 

Stn.  Epiplatea  erosa  Lokw,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  XI,  p.  325,  Tab.  II,  f.  2.'. 

The  coloring  of  the  lighter  shaded  specimens  is  yellow-bmwn. 
ish,  in  darker  specimens  it  becomes  ferruginous-brown.  Head  of 
the  same  color.  Front  broad,  considerably  narrowed  antcridrly, 
upon  its  whole  surface  uniformly  and  rather  densely  clothed  with 
ail  .erect,  black  pubescence;  along  the  lateral  margin  wit!i  a 
narrow  border  of  white  pulloii ;  the  strii)es  running  down  fiom 


4'r' 


:w 


'  1' 


ij'ii  ■  ■ 


ORTALIDiE  — EPIPLATEA. 


195 


the  vertex  along  the  sides  of  the  front  and  the  ocellar  triangle 
are   of    the   same   color   as    the    front    and    hence    indistinct. 
AnteuntB  not  reaching  quite  to  the  edge  of  the  month;  the  first 
two  jointa  of  the  color  of  the  head,  or  a  little  ligliter;  the  oval 
third  joint  dark-brown,  often  quite  black;    the  arista  thin  and 
bare.     Face  excavated  under  each  antenna,  lotigitudinaily  cun- 
vcx  between  these  depressions;  descending  vertically  in  prtjlile  ; 
the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth  is  strongly  drawn  upwards,  so 
that  the  elypeus  projects  considerably  al)ove  it.    Proboscis  stout ; 
piilpi   brown,  generally  paler  towards  the  tip.      The   thoracic 
dorsum  generally  has,  on  the  posterior  side,  an  almost  siivory- 
white  transverse  crossband,  and  l)efore  the  transverse  suture,  on 
each  side,  a  large  spot  of  a  similar  pollen;  these  pollinose  spots 
are  very  di.stinct,  when  seen  by  reflected  light,  but  can  easily 
be  overlooked   in  any  other  light.     Upon  the  pleurae  likewise 
there  are  two  spots  of  white  pollen;  one  of  them  lies  over  the 
fore  coxiB,  the  other  immediately  under  the  longitudiiml  suture 
of  the  pleuraj,  where  the  color  is  generally  darker-brown.     The 
front  part  of  the  coxse  is  likewise  covered  with  a  v/hite  pollen, 
which,  however,  sometimes  is  entirely  invisibb.    Abdomen  black, 
somewhat  glossy,  generally  brown  at  the  basis,  with  a  rather 
coarse  pubescence,  which  is  longer  and  black  on  the  posterior 
margins  of  the  segments.     The  flattened  ovipositor  is  somewhat 
atteimate,  its  first  two  segments  black,  the  third  orange-yellow. 
Feet  of  the  same  color  as  the  body;    tibia?  and   tarsi  darker 
brown,  in  fully  colored   individuals  brownish-black.      Halteres 
yellowish.      Wings   of    very   moderate    length,   rather    broad, 
hyaline,  with  brown  veins;  the  basis  of  the  wings  as  far  as  the 
humoral  crossvein  and  the  anal   cell  are  brownish  ;    a  narrow 
brownish-black  band  begins  at  the  costa,  w^here  it  is  confluent 
with  the  small  black  stigma  and  a  black  spot,  lying  at  the  end  of 
the  costal  cell;  it  runs  over  the  bases  of  the  submarginal,  discal, 
and  third  posterior  cells,  as  far  as  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein, 
wliich  its  end  alone  crosses  a  little ;  before  the  apex  of  the  wing 
there  is  a  broader  crossband,  which  is  sinuate  on  both   sides, 
weaker,  however,  on  the  inside  than  on  the  outside;  posteriorly 
it  bifurcates  in  two  short,  obtuse  branches,  the   inner  one  of 
which  roaches  the  margin  of  the  wing  and  covers  the  perpen- 
dicular ]>osterior  crossvein  ;  the  outside  one  is  shorter  and  ends 
in  the  second  posterior  cell,  some  distance  from  the  margin  of 


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196 


DIPTERA   OF   NORTH   AMERICA. 


[I'ART  III, 


the  wing;  between  thoBe  two  crossbands  is  the  black  spot,  ibrnicd 
by  a  cloud  over  the  small  crussvein  ;  the  stigma  is  suiall ;  tlie 
small  crobsvein  is  beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  suh- 
marginal  and  first  posterior  cells  are  broad;  the  end  of  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  gently  curved  posteriorly  and  ends  exactly  iu 
the  apex  of  the  wing;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  longitudiiml 
vein  does  not  converge  towards  the  third;  the  anal  cell  is  com- 
paratively rather  small;  the  crossveln,  closing  it,  is  a  little 
arcuate,  but  forms  nevertheless  a  rather  acute  posterior  angle. 
IJab.  Cuba  (Guudlach). 


APPENDIX, 


COSTAISINO  THE  DESCRIPTIONS  OF  THE  SPECIES  PUBLISHED  BY  PREVI0C8 
WRITEBS,  AXD  HOT  lUGNTiFlEU  BY  THE  AUTHOR. 


1.  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Nat.  Scietwes  Phil.,  Vol.  VI,  Part  II. 

Page  83.    Ortalis  ligata. 

Wings  quadrifasciate  with  fuscous. 

Inhabits  Mexico. 

7?o(/(/ blackish ;  head  ferruginous,  tinged  with  glaucous  behind 
and  on  the  vertex;  thorax  blackish-plumbeous;  wings  white, 
subopaque,  with  four  fuscous  bands;  the  first  a  little  oblique, 
across  the  neck  of  the  wing ;  second  from  the  tips  of  the  nu'di- 
astiiial  and  post  costal  uervures,  and  proceeding  a  little  obliquely, 
so  as  to  be  bounded  posteriorly  by  the  middle  cross-nervure ; 
third,  perpendicular  to  the  costal  margin  and  covering  the  poste- 
rior cross-nervure;  fourth,  terminal,  slightly  connected  on  tlie 
costal  edge  with  the  third;  pni^em  white  ;  trrgiim  copperj'-black  ; 
feet  black ;  knees  and  tarsi  ferruginous.  Length  three-twentieths 
of  an  inch. 

[Belongs  very  probably  to  the  genus  Rivellia,  but  it  will  be 
difficult  to  decide  to  wiiich  species,  on  account  of  the  great 
similitude  between  the  species  of  that  genus. — Loew.} 

2.   Bob.  Desvoidy,  Myodaires. 

Page  71.').    Meckelia  philadelphica. 

Minor  M.  eleganti ;  pedes  fulvi,  tibiis  nigricantibus;  alae 
flavcscentes,  unicA  maculA  subfuscA. 

Plus  petite  que  la  Meckelia  elegans  ;  frontaux,  antennes,  face, 
rouges ;  optiques  d'un  gris  rougcitro  ;  corselet  d'un  brun-gris  ; 

(197) 


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198 


DIPTEIIA    OF    NUUTII    AMERICA. 


[PAKT  III. 


al)(l(jtnt>ii  un  peu  luoiiis  grid  et  d'ua  nuir  plus  luisunl ;  cui^riid 
fuuves  ;  tibias  luolaiigcs  tie  uoir  et  do  fauvu  ;  tarsus  uoirs;  ailus 
llavt'scentos,  u'offraiit  (iiiu  ruppareuco  U'uuu  scule  macule. 
Originaire  de  IMiiladciphie. 

(  Tiumlation.) — Siiialler  than  Meck-eliu  ehtjans ;  froutal  bristles,  antennse, 
face,  red ;  optical  bristles  of  a  reddisli-grajr ;  thorax  brovripalt-gray ; 
abdoiueu  a  little  less  gray  and  of  a  wore  shining  black  ;  femora  fulvous ; 
tibiae  niixnd  with  black  and  fuivous;  tarsi  black;  wiugs  flavescent,  with 
the  appearance  of  a  single  spot. 

From  Philadelphia. 

[It  seems  hardly  doubtful  that  this  species  belongs  to  the 
Orlalina;  it  is  probably  either  an  Anavampta  or  a  C'eroxi/s,  as 
Kob.  Devoidy's  genus  Meokelia  has  the  third  antennal  joint 
excised  ou  the  upper  side  and  ending  in  a  very  sharp  angle. — 
Loew.2 

3.  Walker,  Insecta  Saundersiana. 
Page  373.     Or  talis  basalis,  Mas.  et  Foem. 

Nigro-cyanea,  caput  fulvuni;  antennae  luteifc;  abdomen  basi 
ferrugineum,  foem.  apiee  luteum  attenuatura ;  pedes  fulvi ;  alae 
hyalinse,  basi  fulvae,  vitta  .untica  interrupta  fusca. 

Ceroxys  ?  Blackish- blue:  head  tawny;  face  with  a  whitish 
covering;  epistoma  prominent;  mouth  pitchy;  feelers  luteous ; 
third  joint  much  deeper  than  the  second  and  more  than  twice  its 
length  ;  sixth  black,  bare,  very  slender,  more  than  twice  the 
length  of  the  third;  abdomen  longer  than  the  chest,  ferruginous 
towards  the  base ;  abdomen  of  the  female  pale  luteous  towards 
the  tip,  which  is  much  attenuated;  legs  tawny;  wings  colorless, 
slightly  tawny  at  the  base,  adorned  along  the  fore  border  with  a 
dark-brown  interrupted  stripe,  which  is  widened  at  the  tip;  veins 
Mack;  fifth  vein  converging  towards  the  tip  of  the  fourth;  sixth 
not  reaching  the  hind  border;  crossveins  straight,  almost  upright; 
poisers  pitchy.  Length  of  the  body  1^ — 2  lines;  of  the  wiugs 
2 — 3  lines.     United  States. 

[It  is  utterly  improbable  that  this  species  should  be  a  Ceroxys, 
as  Mr.  Walker  supposes  ;  his  description  rather  suggests  that  it 
belongs  to  the  Ulidina. — Loew.l 


Al'I'EXDlX. 


199 


4.  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  J  I,  iii,  Tab.  XXIX.  fiij.  3. 
Page  2U8.    Ilerina  mexicana. 

Tiritli-cyanca.    Alls  liriilw  externo  nervisque  fransversis  fiiscis. 

Long.  4  lin. — Face  tostacoe.  Front  iioir;  vi-rtox  et  dcrriiTe 
de  la  tt'te  testacos.  Aiitenued  bruiies;  style  fauvc.  Thorax  d'uri 
vert  brillant,  a  reflets  bleus.  Abdomeu  manque.  I'ieds  iioirs. 
Alios  jaunAtres  justju'a  rextroniite;  cellules  basilaires  bruned; 
nervures  transveraales  bord   )s  dt  bruu;  premiere  oblique. 

Du  Mexique. 

{Translation.) — Length  4  lines.  Face  testaceous;  front  black;  vertex 
anil  occiput  testaceous.  Auteiinse  brown  ;  arista  fulvous.  Tliorax  of  a 
brilliant  greeu,  with  blue  retlexiou.s.  Abdouieii — (wanting).  Feet  black. 
Wings  yellowisli,  anterior  margin  brown  fruiu  tlie  stigiuatical  cell,  inclu- 
sively, as  far  as  the  apex;  basal  cells  brown;  crossveius  bordered  with 
brown ;  the  first  of  them  oblique. 

Mexico. 

[Macquart  very  improperly  placed  this  species  in  the  genus 
Bcrina ;  it  is  a  perfectly  normal  species  of  bis  own  genus  Ste- 
nopterina. — Loevo.  ] 

5.  Walker,  List  of  Dipt.  Ins.  IV. 
Page  992.    Ortalis  massyla,  n.  sp.,  Fem. 

Tiridis,  capite  ferragineo,  abdominis  segmento  quinto  purj)urco 
apice  fulvo,  palpis  ferrugineis,  antennis  pedibusque  nigris,  tarsia 
fulris,  alls  albis  fusco  trifasciatis. 

Body  metallic-green,  slender,  clothed  with  short  black  hairs : 
head  and  chest  beset  with  black  bristles:  head  ferruginous  above 
and  along  the  borders  of  the  eyes  ;  epistoma  ferruginous,  promi- 
nent, eyes  red  ;  fore  part  slightly  convex;  its  facets  a  little  larger 
than  those  elsewhere  :  sucker  black,  clothed  with  tawny  hairs  ; 
palpi  ferruginous ;  beset  with  black  bristles  :  feelers  black,  much 
shorter  than  the  face ;  third  joint  conical,  ferruginous  at  the  base, 
much  longer  than  the  second ;  bristle  bare,  very  slender,  more 
than  thrice  the  length  of  the  third  joint;  abdomen  long-obconical, 
much  longer  than  the  chest,  tapering,  flat,  and  with  a  vein  on 
each  side  towards  the  tip,  which  is  tawny  ;  fifth  segment  dark- 
purple  :  legs  black,  clothed  with  short  black  hairs ;  knees  ferru- 
ginous ;  feet  and  tips  of  shanks  dull  tawny :  wings  white,  with 


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200 


DIPTEllA    l»F    NORTH    AMKIUCA. 


[I'Aicr  III. 


thrt'o  (liirk-brown  baiuls ;  the  first  i-xtt'iids  lu'iirly  to  tliu  liiml 
border,  and  joins  the  side  of  the  middle  crossveiii ;  the  socund 
reuflies  the  hind  border  and  inclosew  the  lower  crossvein  ;  it  is 
darkest  ou  the  fore  border,  and  there  unites  with  tiie  third,  whidi 
widens  along  the  fore  border  and  oceupies  the  whole  of  the  tip 
of  the  winj,';  winf?-ril)s,  veins,  and  poisers  tawny;  veins  pitchy 
in  the  brown  parts  of  the  win{?s  ;  lower  tTo;iaveia  ncurly  straight. 
Length  of  the  body  1^ — 2  lines;  of  the  wiugs  3 — 4  Hues. 

North  America. 

[This  seems  to  be  an  Fuxcsta. — Locw.2 

6.  Walker,  List  of  Dipt.  Ins.  IV. 

Page  905.    Ortalisf  diopsides,  Barnston's  MSS.  Fern. 

Nigra,  obscura,  capite  antico  fulvo,  palpis  antcnuis  pedibusqiie 
piceo-fcrrugineis,  alls  subcinereis  ad  costam  fusco  bimaculatis. 

Body  dull-black,  clothed  with  very  short  black  hairs  :  head 
beset  with  a  few  black  bristles,  tawny  in  front  and  beneath,  where 
it  is  covered  with  while  bloom;  sides  of  the  face  without  bri.stles; 
epistoma  slightly  prominent ;  eyes  dark-red  ;  facets  of  the  lure 
part  a  little  larger  than  those  elsewhere  :  sucker  and  palpi  ferru- 
ginous, partly  pitchy;  sucker  clothed  with  tawny  hairn;  piiipi 
beset  with  black  bristles;  feelers  ferruginous,  shorter  than  the 
face  ;  third  joint  pitchy  above,  nearly  round,  longer  than  the 
second  joint;  bristle  black,  bare,  slender,  much  more  tiian  twice 
the  length  of  the  third  joint;  abdomen  spindle-shaped,  nnicli 
longer  than  the  chest;  last  segment  flat:  legs  pitchy,  mostly 
ferruginous  beneath,  clothed  with  very  short  black  hairs;  claws 
black :  wings  slightly  gray,  with  a  narrow  pitchy  band  at  half 
the  length  of  the  fore  border,  ou  which,  near  the  tip,  there  is  a 
small  brown  spot;  wing-ribs  tawny;  veins  black,  tawny  at  the 
base;  longitudinal  veins  straight;  lower  crossvein  straight, 
slightly  oblique,  nearly  twice  its  length  distant  from  the  middle 
crossvein  ;  poisers  pale  tawny.  Length  of  the  body  2  lines;  of 
the  wings  2^  lines. 

St.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  River,  Hudson's  Bay, 

[This  species  seems  likewise  to  belong  to  the  Ulidina,  a  group 
which  is  so  abundantly  represented  in  America. — Loew."] 


API'KNDIX. 


201 


1.  WaUcr,  List  of  Dipt.  Ins.  IV. 

Page  995.     Ortalisf  COBtalis,  n.  s.,  Fern. 

Nijrra,  abdmuiiio  nif^ro-iuneo,  podibus  nigris,  alls  limpidis  ad 
costuiu  fusco  biinucMiliitis,  8tif^inuto  iiigru. 

Head  wantiiif?:  clifst  dull  black,  bcHct  witl>  a  very  fow  black 
bristles:  abdoiiicii  wesslle,  brassy-black,  sliiiiiiij;,  slightly  spindle- 
sliaped,  niucjj  lonj^cr  but  hardly  broader  tliati  the  chest;  Icfrs 
black,  clothed  with  very  short  black  iiairs  ;  wiufrs  colorless,  with 
a  small  brown  spot  just  above  the  tip,  and  another  at  the  l)asc  of 
the  fore  border,  whero  tiie  vein  is  thickened ;  a  black  l)and  alonff 
the  middle  of  the  fore  border;  winp-ribs  and  veins  black;  third 
longitudinal  vein  straight,  with  the  exception  of  a  very  slight 
angle  at  its  junction  with  the  lower  crossvein,  which  has  two 
very  slight  curves,  the  upper  inward,  the  lower  outward.  Length 
of  the  body  IJ  line;  of  the  wings  3^  lines. 

St.  Martin's  Falls,  Albany  River,  Hudson's  Bay. 

[In  this  description,  after  the  words  "third  longitudinal  vein 
straight,"  something  seems  to  be  wanting,  as  this  vein  does  not 
at  all  meet  the  posterior  crossvein.  The  species  very  likely  also 
belongs  to  the  Ulidina. — Loew.'] 

8.  Macquart,  Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  IV,  Tab.  XXVI.  fig.  17. 

Page  289.    Vrophora  antillarum. 

Tiridl-nigra,  Fronte  testacea,  alls  fasciis  duabus,  apicequo 
fuse  is. 

Long.  1^  lin.  %. — Palpos  noirs.  Face  d'nn  vert  noirAtre 
luisant,  it  Icger  duvet  blanc  sur  les  cotc.s.  Front  testacc;  une 
tache  verte  sur  le  vertex.  Antenr.es  noirs.  Thorax  et  abdomen 
d'lm  vert  luisant  noirAtre.  I'ieds  noircs  ;  premier  article  des 
tarses  testace.  Ailos  claires,  a  base  jauni\trc  ;  une  prcmiiTe 
baiule  passant  sur  la  premiere  nervnre  transversale,  et  iratteigiiant 
pas  le  bord  intcrieur ;  la  denxienie  entiere,  passant  snr  la  deuxieine 
transversah;  extromite  a  tache  brnne,  lice  a  la  deuxieme  baiide 
par  le  bord  exterieur  egalement  brun. 

Des  Antilles. 

[Almost  undoubtedly  an  Ulidina. — Loew.] 


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Dll'TKIlA   OF   NollTII   AMKIllfA. 


[I'AUT  III. 


1).    lliijot,  Uuinon  de  Ut  Hmjra,  lliitf.  Jin.  <l.  I.  I.-lii  da  (.'tiba. 
Illdlu  riil«il'iuii». 

Nipro-picco-nilens,  liyposioiiiute  iiij,'n»;  frontc,  ociilis,  nriitn- 
liis(,iu!  I'lilvis,  (ic'ui|)itf  liiuiiiini;  tlioracu  hi^ro-niirtiii';  iiliiluiniiic 
lii^i'o-pifro  ;  |M'(lil)iis  t'tilvis  ;  uiiticis,  cruriliiis  tiiiticc  ItiiiiiiM  miu. 
tiliu.s;  tihiis  tarsi,s(jii('  Itriiiiiicis  ;  intcnni'diis  |H)sticist|iir,  I't'iimri. 
bus  Imsi,  l)i*uiiiii>is;  tihiis  intsticu  hniiincis ;  alls  livalitiis;  I'u^ia 
bruiiiica,  ]Miitctn(|U(>  apicali  iii^ro. — lioii^r.  4  mill. 

[This  spccii's  may  brloiij^  to  tlic  I'lidiiia,  Imt  it  is  imt  pruhal)!*.' 
that  it  is  a  tnio  I'lidia.  'V\w  I'lidid  vuliiUnn  ISiiiui,  (Icsn-ilii'd 
ill  the  saiiif  place,  is  imt  an  Orttilida  at  all,  l»iit  hejoiij^s  lu  tlio 
A[)i'omyzidn,  peiimps  to  the  genus  A<jrumijza. — Lovu'.~\ 

10.   Walker,  Tran>i.  of  the  E)d.  Snr.,  Tom.  V.  iSfil. 
Page  32G.    Oitaliii  bipui'S. 

Nifrricanto  viridis,  eapite  supra  aiiteiiiiis(nie  rijfis,  hariiin  nrtieulo 
tcrtio  loiifi'o  linear!,  pedilais  iiijjris,  a!is«nlliis  iiiuro-iritiiseiatis  et 
apiee  maeiilatis,  vittid  HeeuiidA  tertia(iue  posticu  obsolelis,  priuii 
ini'onjpleti\,  halterihiis  pallidis. 

IJhiekish-frreeii  :  head  altovo  and  antenna?  red ;  third  joint  (if 
the  anteniiiu  loii};,  linear;  win<rH  wliite,  with  three  i-Ii}::lit  hlack 
bands  and  an  apical  spot,  first  band  very  ineoinplete  ;  second  inid 
third  ohsolete  hindward  ;  diseal  transverse  vein  straijiht,  upn'irlit, 
parted  by  oiie-fniirth  of  its  lenfrth  from  the  border  and  by  iiiinli 
more  than  its  length  from  the  brachial  transverse  vein  ,  hulteris 
pa'e. 

Length  of  the  body  2^  lines ;  of  tho  wings  4  Hues. 

United  States. 


11.   WaUrr,  Trans,  of  the  Ent  Sac,  Tom.  V.  1861. 

Page  324.    Bricinnia. 

Corpus  longinsculuni,  sat  angustum.  Peristoma  magnum. 
Antennarnni  artieuliis  tertius  longus,  gracilis,  linearis;  arista 
giinplex,  gracilis.  Thora.x  longus,  lateribus  conipressis.  Alul(t- 
men  longuiu,  subfusifornie,  apiee  attenuatura.  Pedes  validi.  Ahc 
gat  angustio,  vcnis  rectis. 

i'a-m.     Oviductus  vagina)  producta;,  gracilis. 


:.i,r  'ijiiii.:. 


^^ 


API'KNDIX. 


2(i3 


IVxly  rntlirr  lonp  ntul  iiivrmw.  Kitistoiim  ratliiT  prnniincnt ; 
iiKMitli  large;  tliini  joint  of  tliu  aiiti'iiiiiu  lung,  ,><lfh<|i'r.  linear, 
txtcntiing  to  the  fpistoum;  ui'ista  slcnik-r,  sinipli',  marly  twice 
tilt'  length  of  the  thini  joint.  Thorax  long,  coniiues^eil  on  eaeli 
silk".  Abdomen  long,  .suhfusilornj,  utteniinteil  towanls  the  tip. 
Legs  .stout,  ni(M|eralely  long.    Wing  rather  narrow  ;  v«  in.-^  .straight. 

Female.  Alidomen  allenuuted  at  the  tip.  Vagina  of  the 
oviduct  blonder,  produced. 

Ilriciiiiiia  llcxiTltta  Fnm. 

Nigra,  capito  npud  oeulo.s  ulbo,  vittA  anticA  nlltidA,  nntenni.s 
firniginoi.s  ba.si  fulvis,  thoraix'  vitti.s  trii)U.s  alhidi.s,  pcctore  piir- 
purco-eyanco,  abdoniinu  cupreo,  feinoribu.s  poslici.s  iiasi  llavi.-, 
tiirsi.s  fulvis,  alls  sub-cinerei.s,  co.stA  apieecjuo  luridi.s,  villA  discali 
nngiilatA  nigrA,  venA  di.scali  traiisversA  vix  urciiata. 

Female.  Black:  head  white  about  the  eyes  and  with  a  whitish 
facial  stripe,  which  is  dilated  towards  the  opistonni;  antennie 
ferruginous,  tawny  towards  the  base;  thorax  with  three  whiti.-ih 
strijics;  pectus  blue,  varied  with  purple;  abdomen  cupreous; 
vagina  of  the  oviduct  nttenuateil ;  liind  femora  yellow  towards  the 
base;  tarsi  tawny;  wings  grayi.sh,  lurid  along  the  costa  and  nt 
the  tip.s,  and  with  a  blacki.sh  stripe  which  extends  from  the  l)a.se  to 
niid  along  the  discal  transverse  vein;  the  latter  i.s  upright  and 
hardly  curved,  and  is  parted  by  four  times  its  length  from  the 
border,  and  by  a  little  less  than  its  length  from  the  pnebruchiul 
traiisver.so  vein,  which  i.s  obli(pio. 

T.ongtb  of  the  body  5  lines  j  of  the  wings  10  liucs. 

Mexico. 


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INDEX  OF  THE  ORTALIDii:. 


Achias,  23,  68 

AfiiUa,  IH,  18 

AeipliorHae,  8,  16 

Ac'iura  2enea  v.  d.  Wulp,  170 

Acrosticta,  65,  151 

Acrosticta  foveolata  Lw.,  151 

scrobiculata  Lw.,  151 
Actora,  22 

Alapsilia.  5,  10,  12,  32,  35 
Ailraiia,  27 
Agiiatrodeg,  27 
Auiethysa,  25 
Amethysta,  25 
Amphiciiephes,  44,  83 
Aniphicnephes  pertusu8  Lw.,  84 
Anacampta,  57,  129 
Auacaiupta  latiusuula  Lw.,  130 

urticae  Lin.,  58 
Apospasmica,  52,  131 
Anielio,  46 

Ardelio  longipennia  Lw.,  46 
brevicornis  Lw.,  46 
Automola,  12,  52,  118 

fiaccha  capitata  Lw.,  68 
Blaiiivillia,  16 
Itoisduvalia,  16,  18 
Biva,  27 
Uromophila,  35 

Callopistria,  62,  140 

Callopistria  aimulipes  Macq.,  62, 141 

Calobatidae,  30 

Cainpigastar,  26 

Cauiptoaeura,  18,  24,  50,  108 

Cainptoneura  piota  Fbr.,  27,  109 

Celetor,  41 

Cephalia,  7, 10,  11,  22,  23,  32,  49 

Cephalia  femoralis  Witd,,  23,  47 

myrmecoidea  Lw.,  48,  100 
rufipes  Meig.,  11,  49 

rephaliua,  48, 102 

Ceroxys,  17,  25,  57,  125 


Ceroxy3  caniis  Lw.,  128 

coerulea  Macq.,  25,  150 
crassipeiinis  Fhr.,  57 
obscuiicornis  Lw.,  126 
ocbricoruis  Lw.,  126 
quadrifaaciata  Macq.,  44 
siinilis  Lw.,  127 

Cestrotus,  15 

Cliaetopais,  65,  KiO 

Chaetopsis  seiiea  Wied.,  170 
debilia  Lw.,  172 

Chloria,  63 

Chloiopliora,  16,  19 

Cbromatomyia,  27,  39 

Chroinatoniyia  laeta  Wlk.,  40 

Chrysomyza,  6,  10,  12,  63 

Cliryaomyza  deiuandata  Meig.,  65 

Cleitamia,  21 

Clidonia,  16,  18,  21 

Clitodoca,  42 

Coelometopia,  23,  26,  68,  1S8 

Coelouietopia  bimaculata  Lip.,  189 
ferruginea  Wlk.,  13,  t'>S 
triiiiaculata    Fbr.,   Oft, 
188 

Coelopa,  22 

Coiiicepa,  64,  70,  177 

Coiiicepa  iiiger  Lw.,  178 

Couopaidea,  10,  23 

Cordyluia  poiJagrica  Fhr.,  14 

Corniocaria,  5,  54 

Cormocaria  bucephala  Meig.,  6,  54 

Criipbiocwra,  26 

CrypbiocHra,  26 

Cyitouiftopa,  179 

Dacina,  34 

Dacua,  12 

Dacua  acnleatna  Fl)r.,  158 

seneua  Wild.,  46 

bicdlor  Wied.,  12 

brevicornis  Fhr.,  46 

coblalia  Fhr.,  15S 

(  205) 


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206 


INDEX  OF   TUK   ORTALIDiE. 


Dacas  fl.avicornis  Wied,,  12,  69 
flavus  /"/-r.,  tJ8 
fraten-ulus  IK«V(/.,  12 
macularis  Flir.,  47 
obtusua  /'6r.,  148 
olf.e  /7»r.,  28 
paiallelus  ir/w/.,  12 
pf»lagri(!us  /'6r.,  14,  18 
serpfMtii'us  Wied.,  13 
sucoinctus  IF«ed.,  12,  44 
Dasymt'topa,  05,  145 
Dasymetopa  Intutenta  Lw.,  146 
Dwlpliiiiia,  16,  18,  24,  50 
Delphiiiia  tlioracica  Hob.  Desv.,  109 
Diaurita,  27,  51,  111 
Diaorita  iemiila  Lw.,  114 

costalis  Gerst.,  Ill 
Diphromyia.  13,  16,  24,  35 
Dicbruiuvia  braziliensis  Rob.  Desv., 
13,  16 
caffra  Macq.,  35 
sani^uiniceps  Wied.,  24, 
35 
Dictya  connexa  Fbr.,  25 
dfcora  Fhr,,  36 
externa  Fhr.,  14 
ocellata  Fbr.,  8 
picta  Fhr.,  109 
Diptera  aciphorea,  8,  11 
Doiycera,  5,  10,  17,  21,  22,  53 
Dorycera  graminum  Fbr.,  53 
Drosopliilid*,  24 
Duomyia,  27,  41 

Earoniyia,  6,  10 
Khiplioiiiyia.  27 
Elapliomyia  Wallaoei  Saund.,  27 

cervicornis  Sauud,,  27 
Elaphromyia,  27 
Elassogaster,  27 
Einpyelocera,  6,  10,  63,  65 
Engistoiieiira,  43 
Eniconeiira,  24,  42 
Eniconeiira  violacea  Macq.,  42 
Ephydiiiiidae,  15 
Epicausta,  46 
Epicerella,  23 
Epidestna,  18,  25,  44 
Epidesuia  fascipennis  Macq.,  45 
Epiplatca,  64,  194 
Epiplat**a  trosa  Lw.,  194 
Enelialcota,  40 
Enohalcota  decora  Macq.,  40 
Eumetopia,  22,  65,  175 
Euinetopia  ruflpes  Mttcq.,  175 

varipes  Lw.,  176 
Euolena,  (!7,  1^3 
Euoleaa  egregia  Gerst.,  67 


Enphara,  65,  150 

Kuphara  coerulea  Lw,,  150 

Kiiprosopia,  26 

I'liirina,  21 

Kiiiipali)iiH,  24 

Kuxesla,  65,  153 

Euxt'sta  abilominalia  7^7^'.,  163 
altfvnanfl  Lw.,  li;5 
atinonae  Fbr.,  162 
binotata  Lw.,  160 
costalis  Fbr.,  158 
«luta  Lw.,  168 
niti<liventris  Lw.,  157 
notata  [Vied.,  156 
pusio  IjW.,  155 
qiiaternaria  Lw.,  159 
spoliata  Lw.,  154 
Btigiuatias  Lw.,  166 
Thomas  Lw.,  163 

Qorgopis,  27,  65 
Gymnopoda,  22 

Helomyzid8B,'27 

Hemix'aiitha,  69,  100 

Hetiiixaiitha  spiuipes  Lw.,  190 

Henicoueura,  24,  42 

Heniconeiira  feneatralia  Macq.,  24 

Heiiicoptera,  21 

Heramyia,  16,  17 

Hcriiia,  16,  18,  24 

Heriua  calcarata  Macq.,  47 
cbalybea  Dolesch.,  47 
inetallica  v.  d.  H '«//<,  03 
tnexicana  Macq.,  47 
quadrifasciata  Macq..  00 
ruficeps  V.  d.  Wulp,  123 
rufitarsis  Macq.,  89 

Hesyquillia,  16,  17 

Hesyquillia  lugnbris  Rob.  Desv.,  17 

Heterogaster,  24,  34 

Heteromyzidae,  24 

Himeroossa,  44,  85 

Himeroessa  pretiosa  Lw.,  85 

Holodasia,  58 

Uolodasia  fraudulosa  Lw.,  58 

Ilomalocephala,  23 

Hypochra  Lw.,  57 

Hypochra  albipennis  Lw.,  67 

Hypoecta,  65, 173 

Hypoecta  longnla  FjK.,  173 

Hypotyphla,  33,  36 

Idana,  52,  115 

Idana  inarginata  Say,  115 

Idiotypa,  67,  183 

Idiotypa  append iculata  Lw.,  183 


1*t 

V 

Ij 

• 

ti 

INDEX   OF   THE   ORTALlDiE, 

207 

1' 

11. 

J.;r 

"'i  ':„ 

'■t>. 


''VI 


Latnpropaster,  25,  27,  39 

Lauxaniilie,  21,  23 

Leptopoilitae,  21.  22 

Li  para,  22 

Loiuliaea,  (5,  8,  9,  10,  19,  22 

Loncliwa  laticornis,  22 

Loxodfsiiia,  Tif) 

Loxoflesiua  lacnstris  Meig.,  56 

Loxfiiieiira,  13,  24,  117,  3o 

Loxoufura  decora  Fbr.,  36 

Maria,  27 
Meckelia,  16,  17 
Mplaiioloina.  «9,  192 
Melaiioloiua  afiiiii.s  Lw.,  192 

(^yaiiogaster  Wied.,  G9, 
193 
Melicria,  16,  17 
Meracantlia,  23,  70 
Micliogaster,  11,  18,  22,  23 
Micioiieziiiie,  It) 
Mischogaster,  11,  18,  22,  47,  98 
Miscliogaster  diffusus  G<rst.,  47 

epregius  Gerst.,  t)7, 183 
pernix  Ger.st.,  47 
Musca  annonse  Fhr.,  162 
costalis  /v.,  158 
octopuiictata  Coqueh.,  8,  68 
picta  Fbr.,  50,  109 
ptigma  Fbr.,  148 
Myenni!^.  llJ,  17,  58.  142 
Myenuis  fasciata  Fbr.,  59 

scutellaris  Witd.,  143 
Myodina,  16,  18,  152 
Myopa  iiigripeiinis  Gray,  77 
Myoris,  16,  17 

Myriiieconiyia,  11,  16,  18,  48,  99 
Myrinecoiuyia  niyroiecoides  Lw.,  48, 
"loo 

Notacaiitliina,  13,  26 
Noto.iiHiiitiia,  12,  05,  1-18 
Notograuiiiia  ciniicifortnis  Lw,,  149 
stigma  Fbr.,  148 

Odontotnera,  23,  26 
Odontouieia  fenaginea  Marq,,&n,  179 
mncnlipeuuis      Mucq., 
68,  179 
Ofdopa,  «i5,  146 
(V(|(ip,i  capito  [ac,  146 
niiialnc»ipliala,  23 
<litalidflE,  28,  71 
Oitalina,  52.  118 


alls 


32.  r4 


Ort 

Ortalis  apnea  117- rf.,  170 

aiinoiipe  Wnd.,  162 

atuiuaria  Witd.,  11,  52,  118 


Ortalis  cana  Lw.,  123 

clialyliea  Wied.,  51 
colon  Harris,  Cat.,  153 
coiuiexa  Meig.,  3,  10,  25 
costalis  Wied.,  158 
deiitipea  Macq.,  25 
fasciata  Fbr.,  17.  25 
fasciata  Wied.,  52,  132 
froiidesiientife  fAn.,  26 
fuliniiiaiis  Meig.,  3 
lamed  Meig.,  5 
luctuosa  Meig.,  7 
lugeiis  /7<r..  43 
niarginata  <S('^,  52,  115 
nioerens  Fbr.,  43 
iiotata  Wild.,  156 
obscura  IFtVf/.,  59 
oriiata  Meiq..  25 
Ortoeda  IKM-.,  44,  89 
paludum  Meig.,  7,  18 
parallela  Wied..  43 
poecilopt«ia  Meig.,  3,  10 
quadrifartciata  ir/A.,  89 
rnficeps  Fbr.,  55 
eyngeuesiae  Meig.,  3,  4,  6,  32, 

44 
trifasciata  Dohsrh.,  42 
ti'ifasciata  Sai/.  170 
trifasciata  JK/Vrf.,  11,  52,  118 
Tau  Sag,  8,  59,  61,  138 
vibraus  Lin.,  3,  4,  IL,  25,  32, 

153 
violacea  Ma<q.,  47 

Orygma,  21 

OscinidsB,  22 

Oscinia,  16,  17 
Olites,  5,  17,  21 
Oxycepbala,  12,  22,  24,  73 

Oxycephala  fuscipeiuiia  Marq.,  77 
feiiestrata  Macq.,  83 
maculipenuis       Mucq., 
74,  76 

Pachvcephala,  38 

Falloptera,  8.  9,  10,  19,  22 

Fallopteridw,  9,  11,  30 

Palpouiyia,  16,  17 

Palpniiiyia  Lalandi  Rob.  Desv.,  17 

Perciroiiatia  53 

Perciioniatia  inornata  Lw.,  53 

Petalopliora.  42 

Physogeiiia,  15,  27 

Phytaimia,  27 

Pliytalinia  cervicornis  Gerst,.  27 

uiepalotis  Gerst.,  27 
Pliytomydie  niyodiiiae.  16 

thelidomydw,  16 
Piara,  50 


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INDEX   OF  THE   ORTALlPiE. 


I'l.iciocepliala,  26 

I'lalyoepliala,  21 

I'liUystoma,  (i,  10,  24,  32,  36 

Platyatouia  auuulipua  Macq.,  8,  59, 
(J2,  141 
asphaltina  IFjW.,  17,37 
australia  Wlk.,  37 
ciiicta  Gn^r.,  38 
costalis  JFi«/.,  00 
decora  If/et/.,  13,  24 
fas^ipeiiiiid  Mac(/.,  36 
latipeiiuis  A/act/.,  37 
lunulata  Muci/.,  37 
microcera  Macrj,,  1() 
nigi'oiiotata  /^w.,  38 
ouullata  Muc<i,,  13,  36 
pectoralis  Au>.,  37,  38 
aerainationia  Fbr.,  17 
slictica  /7;r.,  36 
niubrarum  Fbr.,  17,  37 

Platystomina,  3(),  83 

Polistoiles,  11,  16 

Polistoides,  18 

Prosopoinyia,  15 

Psairoptera,  7,  10,  32,  62 

I'silom.vdsB,  20,  22 

P.siloinvia,  21 

Pterocalla,  13,  60,  132 

Pteroualla  ocellaia  Wied.,  13,  60 
strigula  Wied.,  60,  133 

Pterocalliua,  ri&,  132 

Pterogenia,  27 

Pteropaectria,  56 

PteropiBitria  palustris  Macq.,  56 

Pteropoecila,  54 

Pteropoecila  lauied  Schrk.,  54 

Ptiloiiota,  54 

Ptilonota  centralis  Fall.,  54 

P/rgota,  12,  21,  28,  36,  72 

Pyrgota  millepunctata  Lw,,  73 
pterophoriiia  Gernt.,  81 
uudata  Wied.,  77 
veapertilio  Gerst.,  79 

Pyrgotiua,  33,  72 

Rhopaloraera,  14,  15,  21 

Rtiopalomera  pluuropuuotata  Wied,, 
14 

Richardia,  14,16,  18,  25,  63,  66,  178 

Richardia  Havitarsis  Macq,,  66 
podagrica  Fhr.,  179 

Richard  ina,  H^i,  171 

Rioxa,  27 

Rivellia,  16,  18,  25,  44,  87 

Rivellia  atra  Lie,  45 

basil  aria  Wied.,  44 
Boi.cii  Hob.  Desv.,  93 
cuujiiucta  Lw.,  b6 


Rivellia  flavimana  Lw.,  92 
uiicaiirt  Lw.,  94 
pallida  Lw.,  95 
quadrifasciata  Macq,,  90 
syiigfiiesije  Lin,,  44 
variabilis  Lw.,  91 
Tiriduiaus  Hub.  lJesv.,4-1, 88 

Saproniyza,  19 

Sapromyzidse,  15,  30 

ycatomyzida;,  20 

fcicalophaga  bispinosa  Fbr.,  13 

fasciata  Fbi.,  8,  17,  25, 

38,  58 
triiiiaculata  Fbr.,  68 

Scliolastcs,  38 

bcliolastes  ciiictiis  Gufr.,  39 
uepticiila  Lu\,  39 

Scioniyza  buccpliala  Mtig,,  5, 10,  17 

bcioiiiyzidae,  15,  30 

iScotinosoiiia,  45 

Seioptuia,  152 

^enopterina,  12,  22,  C5,  40 

Senopteriiia  dt^cora  Macq.,  40 

Seoptera,  63,  151 

Seoptera  colon  Lio.,  152 

vibrans  Lin.,  64,  153 

Sepsidse,  7,  I'O,  22,  30 

Sepsis  Guerini  /iiijut,  66,  180 

yetellia,  16,  18,  22.  23,  6(! 

Betellia  apicalis  Macq.,  07,  182 
atra  Hub.  Desr.,  67 

Sophira,  27 

Spliei^oiiiyia  valida  Harris,  74 
mil  I  at  a  Harris,  77 

Sphenoprosopa,  34,  36 

!^t<Mieretiiia,  64,  68,  186 

Steneretiua  laticauda  Lw.,  187 

iStenouiacra,  6ti,  180 

titenouiacra  Gueriiii  Bigot,  180 

Stenouiyia,  65,  173 

Stenouiyia  tenuis  Lw.,  174 

Htenopterina,  12,  22,  46,  9() 

btenopteriua  aenea  Wicih,  97 
basalis  Wlk.,  47 
brevipes  Fbr.,  97 
bicolor  Wlk,,  47 
cserulescens  Lto,,  97 
decora  Macq.,  40,  47 
feniorata  Macq.,  46 
gigas  Macq.,  47 
iiuiuaculata  Macq.,  46 
nigripes  Macq.,  47 
Bcutellaris  Macq,,  47 
subinetallica  Lw.,  47 
tiivittata  Macq.,  47 

Stictocephala,  61,  134 

Stictocephala  corticalis  Fitch,  61, 136 


*.  ■< 


S^' 


INDEX    OF    THE   OUTALIDiE. 


209 


Stictocfpliiila  cribrum  Lw.,  (Vl,  1155 
ciibttlluiii  Lw.,  ii2, 134 
vau  ^ui/,  01,  138 

Ptniussia,  17 

Btifinzia,  10,  17 

t'tiuuielu,  27 

Styldplioia,  It),  18 

>v'it;ii't's,  07,  lb2 

byiitaues  apicalis  Macq.,  67 

bystata  livularis  Fbr.,  55 

Tauliini.lae,  27 

'IVpliritiiiie,  21,  23 

Tepliiitis  auiioiiaj  Fbv.,  102 
caerulea  Macq.,  41 
coiiica  /'6r.,  Id!) 
coiticalis  Fitrlt,  01 
(lorsalis  Micq.,  25 
fasfiata  Mel;/.,  17 
niellifiinis  f'l^Vi,  44,  89 
strigipenuis  Macq.,  41 
violacea  Gray,  3tj 

Tepliroiiota,  50,  122 

Tepliioiiota  gyraiis  //?«.,  57 
lunuilis  Ziu;.,  123 

'JViastomyia,  27 

'IVrciuyia,  22 

Tet.inooera  bispinosa  Fhr.,  13,  26 

Tetimnps,  5,  10,  21,  53,  119 

'I'etauops  luridipeiinis  Aw.,  119 
Integra  Lio.,  121 
riiyopiiia  Fall.,  53 
sanguiuiceps  iVitJ,,ld,\fJ, 
35 

Th^mara,  27 

Tlnyophila,  56 

Tliiyophila  fiourlKScentiae  Lin.,  50 

Tliyieoplioiidse,  20 

Tiiiiia,  0,  10,  03,  05 

Timia  apicalis  M>iij.,  6 

crytlirocephala  Wied.,  6 

Toxoneura,  S,  9,  19,  22 

Toxotrypaua,  27,  34,  36 

Toxiiia,  23,  35 

Trajilu-ra,  51 

Triironoinetopus,  21 

Trii^oiiostoiua,  27 

Tritoxa,  50,  102 

Trituxa  cuueata  Lw.,  107 


u 


Tritoxa  fi.-xa    ''<,/.,  102' 
iiicurva  Lie,  l(i4 

Trypela  seiiea  v.  il.  ICx/y/,  170 
alb.'varia  H7/,-.,  27,  43 
arcuiita  W'lk.,  27.  Iti2 
basihuis  \V(,d..  13,  44 
cyanogastur    Witd.,  13,   09. 

192 
excepta  Wlh.,  27 
fasi'iata  Fhr.,  S,  10 
fl.'xa  Wifd.,  13.  50,  102 
loiigipHiiliis  Wicd.,  17 
obscura  Wicd.,  13,  24,  00 
ocellata  Wieil.,  13,  59 
piuta  Fbr.,  18 
pi.:ta  Wii'd.,  13,  24,  109 
iiuadrifastiirita  I/nrris,  sS' 
scutellaris  M'i'd.,  13,  143 
triiuai'uiata  iVud.,  20,  188 
uliila  A/c,  00 

Ti-ypetidae,  30 

Uliilia,  0,  22.  23,  03,  65 
Ulidia  a'lipa  I'lir.,  12 

bipuiiulata  M'tcq.,  05 
(li'iniimlata  .Mei<j..  6 
I'ulvifroiirt  Jiii/"l,  65 
iiietalliiia  li(<)iit,  05 
stiu'ina  Fhr.,')l,  05 
sligina  ^7e(/.,  149 
Ulidina,  04,  145 
Un)j)li()ra,  IS,  22 
Urophora  ienea  Macq.,  172 

fulvifroiis  Marq.,  22,  17i» 
quailrivittata    Macq.,    22, 
102 

Valonia,  27,  38 

Valoiiia  coinplicata  Wlk.,  38 

Vidalia,  10,  17 

X  an  gel  in  a,  27 
Xiria,  27 

Zona,  27,  36 

Zygothrica,  23 

Zygothiica  dispar  Macq.,  24 

Zygotrioha,  23 

Zygaennla,  05 

Zygieuula  paradoxa  DoUsch.,  27,  65 


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REVIEW 


OF  TBB 


NORTH  AMERICAN  TRYPETINA. 


TXTRODUCTIOX. 

In  1800,  at  the  time  of  the  publication  of  my  paper  on  the 
Tnjpe'lidae,  contained  in  the  first  volume  of  these  Monofrraphs, 
only  twenty-three  North  American  species  of  this  family  were 
known.  Since  then,  this  numljer  has  reached  sixty-one.  Among 
tiiese  additions  there  is  a  nuinl)er  of  species  of  ])revious  authors, 
cuiH'crni  :  which  I  did  not  possess  sufficient  information  at  the 
time  (il  my  earlier  essay.  Moreover,  a  number  of  si)ecie9 
published  by  AViedemann  became  accessible  to  me  in  type  speci- 
mens, throug:h  the  kindness  of  the  Berlin  and  Vienna  JMuseunis. 
Since  that  time-,  also,  several  other  authors  have  pul)lished  new 
species  belonging  to  the  same  group.  And,  finally,  the  systematic 
distribution  of  the  group  Trijpetina  has  obtained,  for  the  Euro- 
pean species,  a  more  solid  foundation. 

It  would  seem  to  be  time,  therefore,  to  undertake  an  entirely 
new  work  on  the  Trijix'lina  of  North  America  ;  but  as  tin' plan 
of  the  present  series  does  not  well  admit  of  it,  I  have  adopted  the 
form  of  a  supplement  to  my  previous  paper.  One  of  the  principal 
aims  of  the  present  essay  will  be,  the  adaptation  to  the  American 
fiiuiia,  as  far  as  it  is  possible,  of  the  systematic  distribution  intro- 
duced among  the  Tnjpetina  of  the  old  continent.  While  I  was 
engaged  on  ^lonographs,  etc.,  Part  I,  the  number  of  the  North 
American  species  with  which  I  was  ac(i'.:aiuted,  was,  as  yi't,  too 
insignificant  for  an  attempt  at  a  sub.iivision  in  smaller  groups  ; 
besides,  similar  attempts,  uudertakeu  for  the  European  species 

(211) 


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212 


REVIEW    OF    NORTH    AMKUICAN    TllYI'ETINA. 


by  otLcr  autliors  (an  accdunt  of  tlii'ui  may  be  foiiiul  in  ^Ioik). 
gni|(lis,  etc.,  I'urt  1,  p.  4',l-51),  scciiird  to  iim  so  ill  fniK-civod, 
liuit  I  did  not  feel  iiieliiied  to  Hdojjt  tlicm  as  a  liasis  for  fiirtlicr 
duvclojitiu'iit.  1  inTccivi'd,  on  tliu  eoiilrary,  that  any  aitciii|it  to 
8ul)divido  exotic  Trypflidiu  imist  bo  i)rt'('cdfd  liy  a  riiiioiinl 
hystc'iiiatic  distribution  of  the  more  ubniidaiit  iiiateriiil  of  the 
European  speeies.  In  1^02,  in  my  monojrrapli  of  tlie  l']iiro|ii'iiii 
Tri/jirlithi',  I  divided  the  Trijj».iina  into  twenty  buljjicmTa: 
I'tu/i/parcd,  Kapltranta,  Aciura,  IJi'iuilrn,  AnoDifiii,  Aridm, 
t:>pil<>(jrajiha,  Zonoticuia,  lilnKjolrlix,  Ji/iorochhxna,  Tri/jirta,  J.'i,- 
aina,  Myopitea,  Urophofa,  Sjihenella  Corjihatrirha,  ().ri//i/ii'rti, 
Qjujna,  'lephriliH,  and  Urellia.  The  definitions  of  these  j;rnu]is 
will  be  found  in  the  above-quoted  work.  To  these  must  in; 
added:  /Iijpenidium  (estahlislied  by  me  siiiee,  in  tin;  Jlfrlinrr 
Entom.  Zcilfivhr.,  YI,  p.  87),  Orrllia  (sej)arated  liy  Schiner,  in 
Ids  Fauna  Audriaca,  from  Ofchixjiis)  and  Chcloxtoina  iCstal)- 
lislied  by  llondani,  in  his  Prodvoinna,  Vol.  I).  Siieli  is  the  im - 
sent  t  tate  of  the  classifieation  of  the  European  Tri/peluin,  upon 
whieh  the  distribution  of  the  known  Nortli  Amoriean  speeies  is 
to  be  liased.  Considerable  as  the  nuinln'r  of  tlie  latter  is,  it  is 
certain  at  the  same  time  that  this  number  (b)es  not  reach  one- 
fifth,  perhaps  not  one-tenth,  of  all  the  e.\istinj(  North  Amerieiiii 
'fri/pctina.  Any  attempt  at  a  distrii)ution,  tlicri'fore,  would 
proliably  be  modified  by  further  diseoveries.  In  this  dilemni!!, 
the  eourse  I  adoi)ted  was,  to  ai)pend  to  the  deseriptioti  of  eioli 
ppeeie.s  the  necessary  remarks  on  its  systeniafie  position,  and  to 
give  a  general  survey  of  all  the  results  thus  obtained,  at  the  end 
of  the  volume. 

Detailed  descriptions  of  those  species  oidy  are  given  here, 
whieh  are  not  descrilied  in  Monographs,  etc.,  Part  I,  or  the 
descriptions  of  which  were  insnflicient.  The  descriptions  con- 
tained in  that  volume  are  indicated  by  references;  the  diagnoxs, 
however,  even  of  those  older  species  are  rei>roduced  here,  wiiii 
the  niodifleatioas  rendered  necessary  by  the  addition  of  the  new 
speeies. 

An  important  defect  of  the  present  publication  is,  that  a  con- 
siderable number  of  the  new  species  are  not  re])resented  on  the 
plates.  The  reason  is,  that  the  i)lates  were  prepared  more  tlniii 
four  years  ago,  at  a  time  when  the  nundier  of  the  known  North 
American  species  was  not  sufficient  to  fill  the  required  number 


REVIEW   OF    NORTH    AMERirAN   TRYPETINA, 


213 


of  fifrnrcs.  This  was  done  by  the  mldilion  of  a  iiuni))(>r  of  South 
Aniericaii  sjtcoii's,  doscrilx'd  for  the  >ni\n\  of  coinpuriHon,  hut  tho 
figures  of  which  I  wouhl  liave  iirofcrrcd  now  to  rrplact'  hy  tiiose 
hpccics  froiu  North  America,  wliicli  I  received  after  tlio  phites 
wore  jiriuted. 

The  critical  exaniiiiati<<n  of  tlic  spcoics  dcsrriUed  hy  oilier 
authors,  ap])<'ii(led  to  tin;  first  vohinio,  p.  r)7~'il,  rerpiii'ed  several 
corrections  and  additions.  1  have,  therefore,  reproduced  it,  thus 
aniend<'d,  at  the  end  of  the  present  volume,  as  Appendix  I. 
Appendix  II  contains  descriptions,  hy  other  authors,  of  species 
not  known  by  nic  and  not  contained  in  I'art  I. 

Tiio  materials  for  the  present  ])uI»!ication,  as  far  as  the  North 
American  si)ecies  are  concerned,  are  principally,  almost  exclu- 
sively, derived  from  the  conininniciitions  of  IJaron  Osten-Sacken 
If  I  had  had  a  similar  support  from  more  than  one  side,  my  work 
jni<!:lit.  of  course,  have  been  more  complete  and  more  ])crfect.  As 
it  is,  I  have  been  cornpelh-d  to  draw  the  descriptions  of  sevenil 
species  from  single,  often  Imdly  jireserved,  specimens,  and  I  am 
afraid  that  these  descriptions,  as  well  as  the  opinions  expressed 
by  me  on  the  systematic  posiiion  of  sijuie  species,  may  sometimes 
l)etray  the  incompleteness  of  uiy  materials.  I  trust  that  an  cfpii- 
table  critic  will  bear  these  circumstances  iu  mind  in  framing  Lis 
appreciations. 

U.  LOEW. 

GrBE.s-,  August,  1873. 


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LIST  OF  THE  DESCRIBED  SPECIES  OF  TRYPETA/ 


PAGE 

tabellaria  Filch,  9     .    .  2G3 

pomonella  Walih,  9  .     .  265 

Insecta  Lie  J    ....  268 

plKjLMiiciira  n.  8.  ^  .  9     .  269 

pcBcilogastra  n.  s.  '^     .  270 

teaturlinea  d.  s.  9     •     •  272 

aparsa  Wied.  %.^       .     .  274 

rotundipennla  Lw,  %     .  276 

culta  Witd.  ■£ .  9    .     .     .  276 

solidaglnia  fitch,  %.^    .  279 

comma  Wied.  9     .    .     .  28(» 

latifrona  Lio.  9      ...  283 

melanura  n.  s.  9   .    .    .  283 

alba  Lin.  ■^ .  9    .     .     .     .  285 

albidipennia  Lw.  -J  .  9    .  286 

Vernonias  Z-w.  'S .  9  .     .  286 

aeriata  Liv.  %    .     .     .     ,  287 

circinata  n.  s.  'J  .  9    .     .  288 

Lichtensteiuil  Wied.  %  .  289 

humiliB  Lw.  %.^  .    .    .  291 

peregrina  n.  s.  ^  .  9      •  292 

angustipennia  Lw.  %.'$  293 

finalia  Aw.  %.^      ...  296 

clathrata  Lw.  9     ...  297 

geminata  Lw.  9     ...  298 

fucata  Fbr.  I     .     .     .     .  300 

albioeps  u.  s.  'J  •  9     •     •  302 

euryptera  n.  a.  9       •     •  304 

platyptera  n.  s.  9      .     .  306 

eequalia  /-w.  'J, .  9       .    .  308 


'  The  species  from  South  America,  rJescribed  for  the  sake  of  comparison 
with  Noitli  American  species,  are  printed  in  smaller  type  and  not  num- 
bered iu  this  list. 
(214) 


PAOE 

1. 

ezlmla  Wlrd.  % .  9 

.     .     216 

24 

2. 

amabi'ia  u.  s.  '^     . 

.     .     219 

25 

3. 

auspensa  /."'.  %     . 

.     .     222 

26 

4. 

fraterculuB  Wied.  % 

.     222 

5. 

ludena  n.  s.  '^   .     . 

.     .     223 

27 

6. 

tricincta  n.  h.  %    . 

.     .     225 

28 

parallela  Wied.  %  .  9 

.     229 

29 

linmata  u.  s.  '^  .  9 

.     229 

30 

Integra  n.  s.  ■^  .  9 

.     230 

31 

consobrina  n.  s.  ^  .  5 

)    .     230 

32 

pseudoparallelan.  a. 

^.9  230 

33 

7. 

vulnerata  n.  a.  -J, .  9 

.     232 

34 

8. 

fratria  Lw.  9     .     . 

.     234 

35 

9. 

Buavia  Lw.  '^     .     . 

.     235 

36 

10. 

canadensis  n.  s.  9 

.     235 

37 

11. 

longipennis  Wied.  'J. 

9  .     238 

38 

12. 

electa  Sai/,  9     •     . 

.     243 

39 

13. 

flavonotata  Marij.  ^ 

.     244 

40 

14. 

tetanops  n.  s.  %     . 

.     245 

41 

15. 

sarcinata  Lio.  9     . 

.     247 

42 

16. 

discolor  Lw.  % 

.     250 

17. 

obliqua  Say,  '^  .  9 

.     251 

43 

biseriata  n.  s.  9   • 

.     .     252 

44 

18. 

palposa  Ljp.  -J,  .     . 

.     253 

45 

19. 

QoresoentiaB  Lin.  '^ . 

9   .     254 

46 

20. 

polita  Lw.  9      .     . 

.     256 

47 

21. 

atra  Lw.  ■J, .  9    .     . 

.     256 

48 

nigerrima  n.  s.  9 

.     .     258 

49 

22. 

glbba  n.  s.  9     .     . 

.     .     260 

50 

23. 

clngulata  Lw.  %  .  9 

.     263 

51 

LIST   OF   TUB   DESCRIBED   SPECIES   OP   TttYPETA. 


r)6.  mezloana  Wied.  % 
■>7.  pura  u.  ».  9       .     . 
58.  abstersa  f^w.  %  .  9 
50.  poljolona  u.  s.  9  • 
60.  BolariB  Im.  9    •     • 
Gl.  actluobola  u.  8.  % 


52. 

featlva  Lw.  %.^    .    . 

PAOK 

30!) 

spuotabilia  n.  s.  ^  ■  9 

3119 

63. 

bella  Lw.  %.^ 

311 

54. 

timida  Lw.  %    ,     .    . 

311 

obscuriventris  n.  s.  9 

313 

65. 

melanogastra  Lw.  % .  9 

3 1.''. 

touuia  u.  8.  9       .     . 

.     31G 

215 

FAng 
317 

32i 
324 
325 
326 


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DKSCI'JPTION  OF  THE  SPECIES. 

1.  T.  rximia  Wifd.  %  9.— Lntca,  abdoinine  iiiitro-f.iHclato;  si'utHllum 
ii],ij,'miiii,  jil.imiiii,  seti,H  kpx  viilidi.s  iiistnietmii ;  jiliiium  picliiiii  fu hh 
imlH  a  hnsi  inaculis  inegularibus  variegata  a<l  iiltiiiiiiin  u-i|ii.'  tiiHuiMui 
l)"itin«'t,  ulii  vittnm  costalem  et  fa.<ciaiii  a  inargiiie  antico  ml  iMwiiiiim 
olili(|ijH  (hictain  einittit ;  jirietHrea  in  tna^^ill«  antico  (hire  in.ifnlii' tii- 
Konw  ft  liyaiind',  in  ikisiIco  ijuie  suliovatsB  et  Hnliiiyalinw  (•i)n.'<pi(.iiintur, 
a<l  quart  in  Kiieoiininiliiis  pleriHqiie  macula  rotunda  hyalina  in  celiulre 
di.scdidalia  busi  sita  aouedit. 

Clay-VHllow,  alxJonif-n  banded  with  black;  RcntHlInm  larpe,  flat,  with  six 
fitiong  liristlns;  tlie  brownisli-black  coloring  of  the  win;,'ri  renins  ftonj 
tliH  i^r^•^MIlarly  spotted  basis  to  tliH  last  third  of  the  win«,  wlit-re  it 
emits  two  liands,  one  of  which  forms  a  border  alonj;  the  costa,  the  other 
runs  oblii|Ueiy  from  the  anterior  to  tlie  posterior  mnrpin  ;  moreover.  tliH 
anterior  niiirfiin  shows  two  triangular  iiyaline  spots,  the  posteiior  ni,ir.;iii 
tnn  almost  oval  and  less  Iiyaline  spots;  most  specimens  liave.  liHsiib-i, 
a  round  Iiyaline  spot  on  the  basis  of  the  <liscal  cell.  Loni;.  idip. 
0.2t;— (t.2{j,  9  cum  terebra  0.29— (i.3(»;  long.  al.  0.25— (i.2ij. 

Svv.    Tri/pfta  exiiniu  Wikd.  Zweifi.  Ins.  11,  p.  477,  2. 

Trphritis fuiciventris  iMacq.  Dipt.  Exot.  Suppl.  IV,  p.  291.     Tab.  XXVII, 
f.  3. 

riny-yo1lnw;  hond  of  a  somowlint  ptiror  yellow,  rntlior  disci- 
form. Front  narrow,  still  more  narrowed  anteriorly,  with  a 
.«mnll,  Itiit  well-defnu'd  frontal  liinnlo.  Frontal  and  vertical 
hristli'S  black,  nitiier  long  and  strong;  the  upper  Imlf  of  tlio 
posteriuj  orbit  of  the  eyes  with  a  row  of  black  and  blackisli-lirown 
brif^tles.  Antennae  clay-yellowish,  third  joint  elongated,  round('(l 
at  the  tip;  arista  very  slender,  with  a  hardly  perceptible  pubes- 
cence. Face  perpendienlar;  the  edge  of  the  month  not  upturned  ; 
jtalpi  yellowish,  l)road,  reaching  as  far  as  the  anterior  edge  of  tiie 
mouth  ;  their  pubescence,  as  well  as  that  of  the  mcntuni  and  oi' 
the  occiput,  is  yellow.  Thorax  rather  strongly  built,  eompnra- 
tively  broad  between  the  roots  of  the  wings ;  the  humeral  callus 
and  a  longitudinal  stripe  between  it  and  the  root  of  the  wing,  are 
yellowish-white  or  sulphur-yellow;  a  longitudinal  stripe  of  a 
similar  color,  which  is  generally  but  little  visil)le  in  dried  sjx'ci- 

(•210) 


:^i"  ■ 


i.ll 


♦  ■'.' 


'DESCHII'TKiN   i>F  THE   Sl'EflKj. 


!i: 


,^  ■?  • 


rnt'nfl,  suns  from  tlie  porttrrior  curriiT  of  tin'  ilioraeic  dorsiiiii  to 
tlie  traiisver.so  siituiv;  in  fioine  siu'ciinuns  the  pDsU'iior  Ixudi  ri.f 
tlie  fli(»riiiMc  (l(ir>uiii  ulso  sliowd  u  Inici'  of  a  li;;lit(.(r  (■oloniif;;  ilm 
dense,  Iml  very  nIidi'I,  iiuliesceiiet'  of  tlie  tliorn'ic  (lorsiiiii  is  ycl- 
lowi-li  ;  the  Muierocliajltt!  upon  it  are  l»ia(  k  ;  there  are  seven  nf 
them  on  eaeli  side,  vi/.  :  tline  on  each  side,  in  a  mw  liejfinninj^ 
at  tlic  liunierurf  and  etnling  before  tiiu  root  cf  the  wings;  tliice 
utiiers  a  little  further  from  the  lateral  margin  in  a  row  ljeginiiin<^ 
nt  the  transverse  sntiirc  and  ending  in  the  virinity  of  the  posic- 
rior  corner;  linally,  a  single  In'islle  between  the  hist  one  of  ihi.s 
second  row  and  the  lateral  corner  of  the  scnteilnni;  there  aro 
only  two  pairs  of  tnacroeluL'tu!  on  the  longitudinally  middle  pnr- 
tiiiji  of  the  thoracic  dorsum,  not  far  from  the  posterior  margin; 
tlie  bristlcH  of  the  posterior  pair  are  at  a  mcjderate  distance  Iroiii 
each  other,  the  distance  between  those  of  the  aiitci'ior  pair  is 
|>erha])s  three  times  pr<^atir.  All  the  bristles  and  bri>tle-lilio 
hairs  noon  the  plenroe  and  tho  pectus  aro  lilack  ;  the  short  pulics- 
eoiiee  upon  the  upper  half  of  the  pleurte  is  blackish,  on  the  lower 
liiiif  it  is  pale-yellow.  Seiitelluni  comparatively  large,  flat,  with 
a  slutrt,  yellowish  jtubescence  on  the  upper  side,  and  with  six 
strong  inacrocliietse  along  the  edge;  in  life,  the  scutellum  is  pro- 
hiiltly  altogether  whitish-yellow  or  sulphur-yellow,  while  in  dry 
specimens,  this  coloring  is  perceptible  along  the  liorders  only. 
The  abdomen  has  browidsh-black  bands,  which  do  not  reach  tho 
posterior  margin  of  tho  segments  ;  these  bands  occur  upon  the 
second,  third,  and  fourth  segments;  they  are  often  less  developed 
upon  the  anterior  segments  than  upon  the  posterior  ones,  and 
here  sometimes  interrupted;  upon  the  rather  largo  last  abdomiiml 
segment  of  the  male  the  brownish-black  crossband  is  especially 
broad  and  more  or  less  emarginate  on  its  posterior  side ;  my 
only  female  specimen  has  on  the  lirst  abdominal  segment  an 
incompletely  developed  brownish-black  band,  situate  before  the 
l)osterior  margin.  Tlie  ]iile  upon  the  abdomen  is  black;  pale- 
yellowish  on  the  upper  side  of  tho  first  segment  and  sometimes 
also  on  the  basis  of  tho  second;  however,  all  tho  jjile  upmi  the 
abdomen  assumes,  in  a  reflected  light,  and  especially  in  speciiiieiis 
of  a  lighter  coloring,  a  brownish-yellow,  almost  a  ferriigiiiniis- 
yellow  tinge  (with  tho  exception  of  the  stronger,  brislle-!ike 
hairs).  The  hypopygium  is  brownish-black;  the  brown  ovijjos'tnr 
is  conical,  not  flattened  at  all,  perceptil)ly  longer  than  the  last 


i  W»  iv 


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NORTH    AMERICAN    TRYPETINA. 


,-;0r- 


two  segments  taken  togutlier,  but  shorter  than  the  last  three.  Its 
\)\\e  is  brownish-yellow  or  brown,  the  eolor  of  the  rather  luii" 
brirttle-like  hairs  on  the  end  of  the  first  segment  in  ilark-brown  or 
black.  Feet  clay-yellow;  front  femora  on  the  upper  .^ide  with 
short,  on  the  under  side  with  more  elongate  black  bristles  ;  tVdni 
tibia)  not  bristly;  middle  femora  ut  the  end  of  the  posterior  fUlr 
with  a  few  bristles  and,  also,  ou  the  under  side,  with  twc  loiigiui- 
dinal  rows  of  short  black  bristles,  which  arc  more  developrd  in 
the  male  than  in  the  female;  micklle  tibia)  with  a  swingle  row  of 
bristles;  hind  fe/uora,  at  the  end  of  the  ui»per  side  with  elongatcii 
))ristles,  with  shorter  ones  on  the  under  side;  hind  tibia)  with 
(jrislle-like  cilia.  Tegula)  more  than  usually  developed.  Wintrs 
rather  hirge  and  broad;  the  first  longitudinal  vein  altogctlur 
beset  with  bristles,  the  third  far  beyond  the  small  crossvtjin,  the 
lifih  upon  the  first  and  upon  the  beginning  of  its  second  section, 
bristly;  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ends  in  the  eosta  at  an 
acute  angle,  and  diverges  very  strongly  from  the  third,  the  latter 
is  not  bent  anteriorly  at  its  end;  crossveins  rather  api)ro.\iiiiate, 
the  small  one  perpendicular  and  of  a  comparatively  consideriilile 
length  ;  the  posterior  one  very  steep  and  sonievvhat  curved  towards 
its  posterior  end;  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a 
rather  long  lobe.  The  brownish-black,  sometimes  almost  black 
])icture  of  the  wings,  is  recognizable  in  Macquart's  above-quoted 
figure,  although  not  correctly  rendered ;  the  round  i)ale  spot  in 
the  discal  cell  shoulu  oe  much  nearer  to  its  basis  ;  the  pale  inden- 
tation at  the  posterior  margin,  near  the  basis  of  the  wing,  should 
l)e  much  narrower;  the  stigma  should  be  placed  entirely  in  the 
dark  portion  of  the  coloring;  the  hyaline  double  spot  near  the  ante- 
rior margin  is  seldom  merely  emarginate  posteriorly ;  in  most  cases 
it  is  divided  in  two  ap{)roximate  triangular  .spots;  other  dilVer- 
ences  in  the  picture  likewise  occur;  the  most  common  is,  \\vM  in 
the  discal  cell,  a  little  beyond  the  small  crossvein,  there  is  a  short, 
l)ale  streak,  crossing  the  cell,  and  which  in  some  cases  becomes 
a  hyaline  transverse  spot.  A  male  from  IJrazil  in  my  collection 
has,  instead  of  the  round  pale  spot  in  the  discal  cell,  only  a 
somewhat  paler  place  without  any  distinct  outline  ;  the  agree- 
ment in  the  other  characters  being  jjcrfect,  I  take  it  for  a  rather 
unusual  variety  of  T.  eximia. 

Thih.    lirazil,   especially   Bahia    and    St.    Paulo;    Surinam; 
Mexico. 


DESCRIPTION    OF   THE   SPECIES. 


219 


Observation  1. — Mr.  Mucquart,  in  the  above  quoted  place,  sup- 
poses that  his  2\'ph riiis  faKciceniris  may  be  only  a  variety  of  the 
Tephritis  major,  Dipt.  Kxot.  Suppl.  11,  p.  1)3,  Tab.  \l,  f.  (>. 
However,  this  Tephrilis  major  is  identical  with  Tephritis  socialis 
AVied.,  a  species  which  is  very  distinct  from  fascivcnlris  Maeq. 
(syii.  eximia  Wied.). 

Observation  2. — I  have  gone  into  more  detail  about  the 
plastic  characters  of  this  species  than  was  strictly  necessary  for 
its  specific  identification.  1  did  so  on  account  of  the  great  reseni- 
hhnu'C  in  the  plastic  characters  of  1\  eximia  with  T.  amabilia, 
with  T.  socioHs  Wied.,  and  with  several  other  South  American 
species.  These  species  form  a  very  well-defined  group,  for  which 
I  clinose  the  name  of  llexachscta,  and  which  deserves  to  be  con- 
sidered as  a  separate  genus.  The  generic  character  may  bo 
derived  from  what  has  been  said,  in  the  aitove  description  of 
TnjjH'ta  eximia,  concerning  the  shape  of  tiie  head  and  of  its 
parts,  the  sliai)e  of  the  thorax  and  of  ^he  scutelluin,  the  number 
and  position  of  their  macrochicta;,  the  bristles  on  the  feet,  as  well 
as  concerning  the  bristles  on  the  wiii'^-veins.  The  body  and  the 
picture  of  the  wings  of  all  the  species  of  Ilexavhirta  are  strik- 
ingly uniform.  I  know  of  no  other  but  American  species  of  this 
group. 


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52.  T.  ainabilis  n.  sp.  %  . — Lutea,  thoracis  dorsum  siilphnreo-vitta- 
tuni,  postice  nigricans  ;  pleiiiae  fusco-iUf.'ra),  snlfuroo-vittata';  scutelluin 
niagiiuin.  plaiinin,  setis  sex  validis  instructuin,  iiif.'riiin.  late  sulfiireo- 
inarginatiim  ;  abdomen  fasciia  tribus  iiiterruptis  nigris  ornatmii ;  femora 
iutermedia  magiiil  ex  parte,  postica  fere  lota  nigra ;  alarum  i)ictura  fiiat-o- 
nigra,  prseter  tnaculam  ingeiitem,  quae  in  media  alil  locum  lialiet  et  totara 
ejus  latitiidinem  explet,  fasciam  augiistam  subperpendicularem,  (jui 
vena  transversalis  posterior  inoluditur,  et  vittam  costalera  iude  ab  hac 
fascia  usque  ad  summam  alse  apicem  pertinentem  ostendit. 

Clay-yellowish,  thoracic  dorsum  with  sulphur-yellow  longitisdlnal  stripes, 
blackish  along  the  posterior  margin :  pleurse  brownisU-black  witli  sul- 
phur-yellow longitudinal  stripes;  scutellum  large,  flat,  with  six  maoro- 
clistre.  black,  with  a  bro.?d  yellow  border  ;  attdomen  with  three  inter- 
rupted Idack  crossbands;  intermediate  femora  partly,  hind  femora 
almost  enMrely  brownish-black ;  the  brownish-hlaek  picture  of  the 
wiiiiis  shown,  besides  an  unusually  large  spot  upon  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  occupyine  its  whole  breadth,  a  narrow,  almost  perpendicular 
crosshaml.  covering  the  posterior  crossvein,  and  from  which  a  border 
extends  along  the  costa  as  far  as  the  apex  of  the  wings.  Long.  corp. 
0.2G;  long.  al.  0.2(j. 


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220 


NORTH    AMERICAN    XRYI'ETINA. 


Of  the  size  of  T.  eximia  Wied.,  and  so  closely  allied  to  it  in 
all  the  plastic  characters,  that  their  detailed  description  woiilii  lie 
superfluous.  Head  and  all  its  parts  of  the  same  coloring  and  the 
same  structure  as  in  that  species,  only  the  frontal  bristles  iuo 
somewhat  weaker.  The  thoracic  dorsum  shows  a  delicate  niidijlo 
line,  gradually  fading  anteriorly  and  expanding  posteriorly  iiuu 
a  large  spot,  which  does  not  entirely  reach  the  posterior  tlionuic 
margin,  and  is  surrounded  laterally  and  posteriorly  by  a  l)hicki^li 
coloring;  beginning  at  the  shoulder,  a  suli)liuryellow  stripe  runs, 
gradually  expanding,  to  the  root  of  the  wing  ;  it  emits,  near  the 
humeral  callus,  an  upper  branch,  running  towards  the  transvci^o 
suture  ;  between  both  branches,  the  color  changes  into  brownish. 
Pleura)  brownish-blaek,  with  a  sulphur-yellow  longitudinal 
stripe  across  the  middle;  moreover,  the  sulphur-yellow  stri|io 
between  the  humerus  and  the  root  of  the  wings,  is  )rolongcd  iiml'  i- 
the  latter  as  far  as  the  posterior  end  of  the  tuoiax.  Seutclliua 
entirely  of  the  same  structure  as  in  T.  eximia,  sulphur  yellow,  iit 
the  basis  of  the  upper  side  with  a  large,  semicircular  browni-h- 
black  spot,  the  border  of  the  upper  side  only  remaining  sulphur- 
yellow.  Metathorax  brownish-black,  spotted  with  brown  on  ihe 
sides,  and  with  a  yellow  spot  on  the  middle  of  its  upper  ,<i(li'. 
The  dense  and  very  short  pubescence  of  the  thorax  and  the 
scutellum  is  more  whitish-yellow  than  is  usually  the  case  in  T. 
eximia;  otherwise  the  hairs  and  bristles  of  both  species  are  alike 
in  their  coloring ;  the  number  and  position  of  the  macroelia?ta'  is 
the  same  in  both.  Abdomen  with  three  very  broad  black  ero--«- 
bands,  which  lie  on  the  second,  third,  and  fourth  segments,  nnd 
leave  uncovered  only  the  middle  line  and  the  posterior  ,i  niriii  d 
these  segments.  The  pile  on  the  abdomen  is  black;  or  i;'-  n^^iHr 
side  of  the  tirst  segment  and  along  the  posterior  border  uf  i:e 
second,  pale-yellowish.  Hypopygium  brownish-black.  CuXic 
and  feet  yellow ;  the  intermediate  femora  towards  the  basis, 
to  a  great,  but  variable  extent,  brownish-black;  hind  fenura 
black,  somewhat  yellow  towards  the  end,  especially  on  the  umKr 
side.  The  bristles  on  the  femora  and  tibise  are  almo.st  a>  in 
T.  eximia.  The  shape  of  the  wings,  the  venation,  and  the  pnsi- 
tion  of  the  bristles  are  exactly  as  in  that  sjucies ;  the  patt(  ni 
of  the  picture  is  likewise  a  somewhat  similar  one ;  however, 
it  differs  considerably  in  the  details;  the  bulk  of  the  dark  cdhir- 
iug  extends  a  little  beyond  the  small  crossvein  and  is  gently 


>:;:H 


I  "'I 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE    SPECIES. 


221 


••M 

'^UJ^ 

1                  .  . 

•^ 

1^'   •  ■'    : 

nuiiidod  off,  the  curve  formed  by  It  strikin<r  tlio  anterior  margin 
iiuiirly  at  a  riglit,  the  posterior  margin  ut  an  aeiite  angle;   the 
jailer  margin,  liowever,  is  not  quite  reached,  '\s  a  narrow  hyaline 
space  remains  between  it  and  the  dark  coioriug;  this  curve  would 
have  been  a  perfect  one,  were  it  not  for  a  small  projection  before 
tilt;  posterior  crossvein   and  for  a  small  excision   inimcdiately 
Ijcyond  it;- near  the  anterior  margin,  the  dark-brown  coloi'ing, 
inimcdiately  before  its  end,  is  interrupted  by  a  triangular  hyaline 
indentation,  the  tip  of  which  reaches  the  third  longitudinal  vein 
immediately  before  the  small  crossvein;  the  distal  side  is  con- 
cave, the  proximal    side  is   straight  and    perpendi(.'iilar  to  the 
costa.     The  brown  coloring  has  no  distinct  limit  tijwards  the 
base  of  the  wing  ;  it  gradually  dissolves  into  a  system  of  irregu- 
lar spots;    the  costal  cell  is  hyaline,  with  the  exception  of  a 
brown  infuscation  along  the  costa  between  the  humeral  crossvein 
and  the  auxiliary  vein;  likewise  hyaline  are  the  extreme  basis 
of  the  marginal  cell  and  the  entire  second  basal  cell  with  the 
exception    of  a  very  narrow   brownish-black  border  along    the 
Veins  inclosing  it;  the  first  basal  cell  at  its  root,  as  far  as  the 
humeral  crossvein,  is  also  rather  hyaline;    beyond  this,  for  an 
almost  equal  distance,  it  is  yellowish;   the  aiml  cell  is  of  a  dirty 
yellow,  blackish-brown  towards  its  end,  which  color  also  extends 
over  the  basis  of  the  third  posterior  cell ;  alida,  posterior  angle 
of  the  wing,  and  the  portion  of  the  third  posterior  cell  lying  along- 
side of  it,  are  hyaline  ;  moreover,  in  the  third  posterior  cell,  quite 
near  its  basis,  at  the  place  where  it  is  contiguous  to  the  second 
basal  cell,  there  is  an  elliptical  hyaline  drop;   in  the  first  basal 
cell,  below  the  beginning  of  the  third  longitudiiml  vein,  there  is 
a  longitudinal  spot  of  a  dirty  ferruginous  color;    a  somewhat 
larger  spot  of  the  same  coloring  is  in  the  ninrginal  cell,  below  the 
place,  where  the  auxiliary  vein  diverges  from  the  first  longitu- 
diiuil.     The  h3'aline  apical  portion  of  the  wing  shows  a  narrow 
cr(»ssl)and,  covering  the  posterior  crossvein,  almost  perpendicular, 
very  gently  curved,  of  V  brownish-black  color;   its  anterior  end 
turns  towards  the  costa  in  the  shape  of  a  bow  and  follows  it 
afterwards  as  a  narrow  border,  as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  fourth 
longitudimd  vein. 
JJab.  Mexico  (collection  of  Mr.  v.  Iloeder). 


B- 


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222 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


8.  T.  suspensa  Lw.  %  .  (Tab.  X,  f.  6.)— Tota  lutea,  alarum  rivnlis 
fuscauis,  cellule  basal!  secundi  «it  uellulae  diacuidalia  basi  uuu  h>aUiiL<, 
apice  vunn  loogitudiualis  quartse  rucurvo. 

i^ltogether  olajr-yellow,  rivulets  of  the  wings  infuscated;  second  bnsat  cell 
and  root  of  dix'jal  cell  not  hyaline,  the  tip  of  the  fourth  lonfitudiual  vein 
curved  forward.     Lung.  uorp.  0.21  ;  long.  al.  0.22 — 0.23. 

SvN.   Trypeta  suspensa  LoEW,  Monogr.,  etc.,  I,  t>9.     Tab.  II,  f.  5. 

The  present  species  begins  a  group  of  very  closely  allied 
species,  very  mach  resembling  one  another.  I  have  notliiiij^ 
to  add  to  uiy  above-quoted  description  of  T.  sui<pensa ;  1  will 
only  notice  that  the  absence  of  pale  yellow  stripes  on  the 
thorax  and  of  a  pale  yellow  coloring  of  the  scutellum  cannot  lw 
considered  as  absolutely  distinctive  of  this  species,  as  these  marks 
often  disappear  in  other  species  in  the  process  of  drying.  The 
readiest  distinctive  mark  between  T.  «M.spensa  and  the  very  simi- 
lar, but  larger  T.  fraterculua  is,  that  in  the  former,  the  second 
basal  cell  and  the  root  of  the  discal  cell  have  a  yellowish  color, 
while  in  the  latter  they  are  hyaline.  I  regret  to  have  to  notice 
here,  that  the  engraver,  in  figuring  T.  sui<pcnxa,  has  committed 
an  error  in  drawing  the  curvature  of  the  tip  of  the  fourth  vein ;  tliis 
curvature  is  exactly  similar  to  that  in  T.  fraterculus,  that  is,  run- 
ning forward ;  and  although  this  curved  tip  in  T.  suapensa  is  a  little 
shorter,  the  difference  is  not  at  all  such  as  the  figure  would  lead 
one  to  suppose.  The  second  basal  cell  and  the  basis  of  the  dis- 
cal cell  should  be  somewhat  paler  in  the  figure,  as  they  are  not 
brown,  but  only  yellow. 

Hab.   Cuba  (Poey). 


4.  T.  fraterculus  Wied.  %  .  (Tab.  X,  f.  6).— Lntea,  tlioracis  vittis 
et  scntello  dilutins  tinctis,  nltimo  abdominis  segmento  diiobns  j)r!e(e- 
dentibus  simnl  snmtis  panlo  breviore,  alarum  rivulis  lutesceiitibii?, 
cellnIA,  basali  seennd^  et  cellul»  discoidalis  basi  hyalinis,  apice  Tens 
longitudinalis  quarts  recurve. 

Clay-yellow,  longitudinal  stripes  of  thorax  and  scutellum  palpr  yellnw ; 
last  abdominal  segment  a  little  shorter  than  the  two  previous  ones  taken 
together;  wings  with  rather  clay-yellow  rivulets;  first  basal  cfll  ami 
root  of  the  discal  cell  hyaline  ;  the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein 
curved  forward.     Long.  corp.  0.26;  long.  al.  0.27. 

Stn.   Dacus  fratercnlns  Wiedkmann,  Auss.  Zw.  II,  p.  524. 
Trypeta  unieolor  L*  EW,  Monogr.,  ate,  I,  p.  70.    Tab.  II,  f.  6. 


i- 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE    Sl'ECIES. 


223 


To  my  former  description  of  this  species,  I  have  to  add  two 
observations.  First,  it  coiituins  a  misprint,  as  the  third  line 
should  read  "bristle  very  thin,"  and  not  "bristle  very  short." 
Secondly,  the  examination  of  well-preserved  specimens  rendi;rs  it 
doubtless,  that  the  dark  spots  on  the  thoracic  dorsum,  mentioned 
in  the  description,  were  produced  by  the  immersion  of  the  speci- 
iiieiis  in  spirits,  and  that  the  better  preserved  tspeeiuiens  do  not 
show  them. 

When  I  described  T.  unicolor,  I  took  it  for  distinct  from 
DacHi^  fraterculuii  Wied.,  as  Wiedemann  descril)e3  the  bristles 
and  hairs  on  iiead  and  thorax  as  black,  and  says  that  the  large 
triangular  hyaline  spot  at  the  end  of  the  posterior  margin  is  con- 
nected with  the  S-shaped  hyaline  band.  The  comparison  of 
Wiedemann's  original  specimen,  however,  showed  that  my  T. 
unicolor  is  nothing  else  but  Dacus  fraterculus  Wied.  By  the 
terms  hairs  and  hrislles  AViedemann  understood  only  the  stronger 
and  weaker  bristles  ;  the  remaining  short  pile  on  the  head  and 
tiie  thorax  of  his  specimen  is  entirely  similar  to  the  yellowish 
pubescence  of  T.  unicolor.  The  connection  between  the  posterior 
hyaline  spot  with  the  S-shaped  hyaline  band,  which  he  mentions, 
is  oidy  an  apparent  one,  as  t^ie  rivulet  separating  both  is  not 
interrupted  at  the  tip  of  the  triangular  hyaline  spot,  but  only  very 
much  laded. 

llab.  Brazil,  Peru,  New  Granada,  Cuba. 

Observation. — The  Tephritis  obliqua  Macq.  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3, 
p.  225,  Tab.  XXX,  f.  11,  undoubtedly  belongs  in  the  relation- 
ship of  the  two  preceding  species;  it  differs,  however,  in  the  pic- 
ture of  the  wings  too  much  to  be  identified  with  any  of  them. 

5.  T.  llldens  n.  sp.  %.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  10.)— Lntea,  thoracis  vittis  et 
scutello  Iffitius  flavis,  ultimo  al)(lominis  sepiiiciito  duolnis  praecedt'iitilms 
fiimul  sumtis  niulto  longiore,  alarum  rivnlis  lutesceiitibuM,  cellrla  l)asali 
secuiKii  et  cellulae  discoidalis  basi  Lyalinis,  apice  veiiee  longitudalis 
qua'tae  recurvo. 

Clay-yt'llow,  longitudinal  stripes  of  thorax  and  scutelUira  of  a  purer  yel- 
low; the  last  abdominal  secment  ninoli  longer  than  th(!  two  precuMliiig 
ones  taken  together;  wings  with  rather  clay-yellow  rivulets,  the  second 
basal  cell  and  the  root  of  the  anal  cell  hyaline;  the  end  of  the  fourth 
longitudinal  vein  curved  forward.  Long.  corp.  0.30;  long.  al.  0.31 — ■ 
0.32. 

Pale  clay-yellow.     Front  of  a  somewhat  more  bright  yellow, 


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NORTH    AMEIIK'AX    TIlYrETTNA. 


of  a  very  moderate  broiuUli ;  tlio  usual  frontal  bristles  black,  only 
tbe  upper  oiioa  ratlier  loii«^  nrul  strong.  The  yellow  antennie 
almost  as  long  as  the  face;  arista  long  and  slender,  with  a  very 
short  and  delicate  pubescence.  Oral  opening  rather  large;  oral 
edge  rather  sharp.  Proboscis  and  palpi  yellow,  the  latter  ratlier 
l)r(iad;  the  suctorial  flaps  somewhat  jtfulonged.  The  upper  side 
of  the  thorax  of  a  light,  bright  clay-yellow;  a' sulphur-yeiluw 
middle  stripe,  gradually  vanishing  anteriorly,  expn..iding  poste- 
riorly in  a  cuneiform  shape,  and  nowhere  well  defined;  scutelliuu 
sulphur-yellow;  ou  "ach  side,  above  the  root  of  the  wings,  a 
well-marked  pale-yellow  longitudinal  stripe,  which  runs  from  the 
transverse  suture  to  the  ))osterior  margin  of  the  thorax ;  quite 
on  the  lateral  margin  an  indi.^tinct,  but  broader  pale  yellow  stripe; 
the  humeral  corner  and  a  weli-delined  strijte  on  the  upper  part  of 
the  plcune,  reaching  to  the  root  of  the  wings,  likewise  of  a  bright 
pall!  yellow.  The  very  short  ])ile  on  the  thorax  is  yellowish  ;  the 
usual  bristles  are  black  or  blackish-brown.  Scutellum  with  four 
black  bristles.  Metathorax  chiy-yellow.  Abdomen  with  short 
yellowish  pile  and  with  black  iiristles  on  its  posterior  end  ;  the 
last  segment  very  much  prolonged,  much  longer  than  the  two 
preceding  ones  taken  together  (this  character  serves  easily  to 
distinguish  this  species  from  2\  fratercuha^,  which  is  very  nmch 
like  it).  Feet  yellow  ;  under  side  of  the  front  femora  with  several 
blackish-brown  I)ristle3.  Wings  not  very  broad  in  comparison  Xd 
their  considerable  length ;  the  rivulets  upon  them  are  pule 
brownish-yellow  with  narrow,  but  little  conspicuous,  and  not 
always  i>erceptible  brown  borders  ;  near  the  posterior  margin  and 
tm  the  apex  of  the  wing  they  are  altogether  brownish  ;  the  hyaline 
spaces  between  the  rivulets  are  as  follows  :  1.  An  obliipic  band, 
interrupted  upon  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  the  anterior  part  of 
which  forms,  immediately  beyond  the  stigma,  a  spot  extending 
from  the  costa  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  while  the  ])osterinr 
]iart  of  the  band  occupies  the  portion  of  the  basal  cell  which  lies 
under  the  stigma,  the  basis  of  the  discal  cell  and  the  second  basal 
cell  ;  2.  A  broad  S-sliaped  band  which  begins  at  the  posterior 
nuirgin,  between  the  tips  of  the  fifth  and  sixth  longitudinal  veins, 
]iasses  between  the  two  crossveins,  reaches  the  second  longitudinal 
vein,  turns  backwards  and  reaches  the  margin  in  the  vicinity  of 
the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  3.  A  large  triangular 
spot  near  the  posterior  margin,  which  fills  a  considerable  part  of 


]^* 


'i   '>: 


DESCIIII'TION    OF    THE   SPECIES. 


225 


the  second  posterior  cell,  rcat'lit's  witli  its  tip  coiisidcraMy  Itt-yoiul 
the  fourth  luiigitudlmil  vein,  and  almost  coiilesees  hero  witli  the 
S-sliaped  hyaline  hand.  TIk;  external  costal  cell  also  is  hyaline, 
with  the  exee{)tion  of  its  basis,  hut  has  a  more  yellowish  tinu^e 
that!  the  other  hyaline  spaees.  Stigma  rather  long,  almost  imper- 
ceptibly darker  than  its  surroundings.  Crossveins  straight  and 
steep;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  distinctly  i)ristly;  the  end  of 
the  fourth  h^ngitudinal  vein  turned  forward;  the  posterior  end 
of  the  anal  cell  drawn  out  in  a  very  narrow,  long  lobe. 

Ildb.   Mexi(;o  (coll.  Winthem). 

Observation. — The  comparison  of  the  description  of  Trypcta 
fralirridus  and  T.  linhniH  shows  the  great  resemljlance  of  the 
two  species  and  an  entirely  satisfactory  distinctive  character  in 
the  dilfcrent  length  of  the  last  al)doniinal  segment.  The  females 
uf  these  sjiocics,  which  unfortunately  I  have  not  seen,  will  ])\'()- 
hahly  ])e  easy  to  distinguish,  if  attention  is  paid  to  the  size,  which 
is  larger  in  T.  ludciis,  to  the  somewhat  I)roader  cheeks,  the 
longer  last  abdominal  segment  of  this  species,  and  to  the  course 
of  the  third  and  fourth  longitudimil  veins,  which  snddeidy  diverge 
here,  while  their  divergency  in  T.  frntcrciiliiti  is  nuieh  more 
gradual.  In  using  the  coloring  for  distinguishing  the  two  species, 
a  certain  cantiou  is  necessary  here,  as  well  as  iu  the  other  species 
of  this  group. 

6,  T.  tricincta  n.  fp.  %  . — I-ntea,  pcntelli  basi  trilmsqne  alxlominis 
fasciis  iiigris,  alarum  rivulia  uigro-fusuid,  apiue  veiiie  loiigiluiliiialis 
quartje  recurvo. 

Clay-yellow;  liasis  of  tlie  snitpllnm  ami  three  crossbam'.s  of  the  alxtomen 
black;  tlie  end  of  the  t'durth  longitudinal  veiu  somewhat  curved  for- 
ward.    Long,  corp    0.2G;  long.  al.  0.2i! — 0.27. 

Clay-ycUow,  more  yellowish-red  on  the  thoracic  dorsum. 
Head  of  the  same  color  and  shajie  as  in  the  three  preceding 
species.  In  the  middle  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  there  is  a  longi- 
tudinal sulphur-yellow  stripe,  ])rocei'ding  from  the  posterior  mar- 
gin ;  it  is  rather  broad  posteriorly,  gradually  becomes  narrower 
anteriorly,  and  finally  disappears  near  the  anterior  margin  ;  more- 
over each  posterior  corner  emits  a  conspicuous  sulphur-yellow 
stripe  to  the  transverse  suture;  the  humeral  callosity  and  a  broad 
longitudinal  strii)e  reaching  from  it  to  the  root  of  the  wing  and 
then  passing  under  the  latter  to  the  posterior  part  of  the  thorax, 
15 


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226 


NOIITII   AMtlllCAN    TKYPETINA. 


are,  likewise,  sulpliur-yellow.    The  vcM-y  short  pile  on  the  thoracic 
dorsum  is  pale  yelhnvish,  towards  tho  posterior  corners  only  it 
assumes  a  blackish  tinge  or  at  least  a  blackish  appearance.     'I'lio 
black  macrochuL'ta}  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  are  similar,  in  nnmlier 
and  position,  to  those  of  the  three  preceding  species.     Scutclhiin 
sulphur-yellow,  with  four  macrochretie  on  the   margin.      Meiu- 
thorax  brownish-black,  with  a  clay -yellow  longitudinal  stri|i('  in 
the  middle  of  its  superior  margin.     Aljdonien  on  the  2d,  ;>(!,  iind 
4th  segments  with  a  transverse  band  near  the  anterior  marjiin  ; 
that  of  the  second  segment  is  entire  and  occupies  only  one-liait' 
of  its  length;  those  of  the  third  and  fourth  segments  are  narrowly 
interrupted  in  the  middle  and  cover  a  little  more  than  the  ante- 
rior half  of  the  segment;  the  fourth  segment  is  hardly  longer  than 
the   preceding  two,   taken  together,     llypopygium  clay-yelldw. 
The  pile  on  the  abdomen  is  blackish,  and  yellowish  only  on  tlio. 
upper  side  of  the  first  and  on  the  pale-colored  portions  of  the 
upper  side  of  the  second  segment;  in  a  reflected  light,  the  ])ile  on 
the  whole  abdomen  assumes  a  paler  hue  ;  the  rather  weak  bristles 
at  the  end  of  the  last  segment  are  black.     Feet  clay-yellowisli ; 
the  pile  and  bristles  are  similar  to  those  in  the  three  preceding 
species.     Wings  hyaline,  with  a  rather  dark-brown  picture  ;  it  is 
not  quite  as  brownish-black  as  that  of  2\  serpentma  Wicd.  figured 
on  Tab.  XI,  f.  25,  but  it  is  more  like  it  than  any  other  species  tu 
me  known.     In  order  to  form  an  idea  of  tho  picture  of  the  wings 
of  T.  tricincta,  let  us  represent  to  ourselves  that  tho  whole  ciiler 
costal  cell  in  that  figure  is  rather  hyaline,  that  the  regions  figured 
in  gray  are  yellow  and  those  represented  as  black  are  dark  brown ; 
that  the  S-shaped  rivulet,  beginning  at  the  basis  of  the  tiiird 
posterior  cell,  running  towards  the  anterior  margin,  and  ending 
at  the  apex  of  the  wing,  is,  upon  its  latter  half,  at  least  one- 
half  broader  than  represented  ;  that  the  band  beginning  at  the 
posterior  margin  and  covering  the  posterior  crossvein  is  also 
broader  than  represented  in  the  figure,  and  this  in  such  a  man- 
ner, that  its  side,  looking  towards  the  root  of  the  wing,  is  a  little 
less  concave  ;  finally,  add  to  this  picture  a  little  streak  of  a  satu- 
rate brown,  beginning  at  the  posterior  margin  and  reaching  some- 
what beyond  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  (at  the  very  place  where 
Tab.  XI,  fig.  22,  shows  a  similar  streak,  reaching  only  as  fur  as 
ihe  fourth  longitudinal  vein). 


'KJ^'\ 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE    SPECIES. 


2:27 


Flab.  Ilayti  (caught  on  shipboard,  by  Mr.  P.  R.  Uhler,  sixty 
nilk'S  northwest  of  )St.  Nicholas,  Ilayti). 

Observation  1. — The  Trypda  drscribcd  by  Wiedemann  as 
Vacuii  serjn'nlinuH,  differs  from  T.  tricinvta  not  only  in  tiie 
jiicturc  of  the  wings,  l)ut  also  in  the  coloring.  Wifdernanii's 
original  sjiecinien,  compared  by  nie,  comes  from  Urazil ;  but  I 
have  received  a  numlicr  of  .specimens  of  the  same  species  from 
I'eru.  The  Urophora  n'tlilfiorax  Macq.  Dipt.  Kxot.  Suppl.  IV, 
p.  2Sf),  Tab.  XXVI,  f  II,  is  identical  with  T.  serpenlhia  Wied. 
The  habitat  "de  I'lnde,"  given  by  Mac<piart,  is  certainly  errone- 
ous, if  it  means  the  East  Indies  ;  but  the  species  may  occur  in 
the  West  Indies,  just  as  T.  fraierculus  occurs  in  I'eru,  Brazil, 
and  Cuba. 

Observation  2. —  T.  suspensa  hw.f/ratrrculus  Wied.,  ludens 
n.  sp.,  and  tricincta  n.  sp.,  and  a  considerable  number  of  other 
American  species,  among  which  T.  serpentina  Wied.  and  i>bli<jua 
Macq.,  have  already  been  mentioned  above,  form  a  well-dclincd 
group,  which  well  deserves  to  be  considered  as  a  separate  genus. 
The  character  which  distinguishes  it  from  all  other  Trj/petina,  is 
the  course  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  which,  towards  its  end, 
is  curved  forwards  in  a  rather  striking  manner,  and  reaches 
the  margin  at  a  very  acute  angle,  being  prolongei  beyond  as 
the  costal  vein.  With  reference  to  this  character  I  propose  to 
call  it  Aerotoxa.  The  species  of  this  group  have,  moreover,  the 
following  characters  ir,  common  :  In  the  structure  of  the  head  and 
of  all  its  parts  they  resemble  the  species  of  Hexachseta ;  the 
thorax  has  a  similar  structure,  but  it  is  a  little  smaller  in  bulk,  as 
compared  to  the  rest  of  the  body,  and  a  little  narrower  between 
the  roots  of  the  wings;  the  macrochfetaj  of  the  thoracic  dorsum 
agree  with  those  of  HcxivuCcIa  both  in  their  number  and  position. 
The  scutellum  is  smaller  than  in  the  latter  genus  and  not  quite 
as  flat,  and  bears  not  six,  but  four  macrocha'tifi.  Front  femora 
on  the  upper  side  with  shorter,  on  the  under  side  with  longer 
bristles  and  the  front  tibite  without  bristles,  as  in  the  species  of 
Herachaeta.  Middle  femora  without  ))ristles  ;  only  the  basis  of 
the  under  side  is  sometimes  provided  with  one  or  several  bristle- 
like hairs;  the  two  rows  of  bristles  which,  in  /fexarhfrfn,  are 
found  on  the  under  side  of  the  middle  femora,  are  replaced  here 
by  two  rows  of  hairs.  Middle  tibisE  without  bristles.  Hind 
femora  towards  the  end  of  their  upper  side,  more  or  less  densely 


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228 


NUUTII    AMEUICAN    TKVI'KTINA. 


Lrisfly,  on  the  under  side  with  BoiiK-what  hjiifrf-r  i)ile  and 
iiiun'tjvcr  from  llio  basis  tu  u  little  hi-youd  tlic  iiiiddlf,  \vii!i  a 
rather  sj)urse  row  of  long,  ahim.st  brLslle  like  hairs;  liiiid  lilijaj 
ciliated  with  rather  weak  bristleta.  Tejjfulto  aluiost  as  miicli 
developed  as  in  lle.rachala.  Wings  large,  and,  eoniparalively  to 
their  length,  less  broad  than  in  IkxavJiuta ;  the  venation,  with 
the  exce|ttion  of  the  dilference  in  the  course  of  the  fourth  vein, 
already  adverted  to,  is  very  like  that  of  Jlcjai/mla,  only  all  the 
cells,  and  esi)ecially  the  stigma,  are  longer  in  coniparisuii  to  their 
hreadth  ;  the  jjosterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  an 
ecjually  long  and  pointed  lobe  ;  the  whole  of  the  first  longitudinal 
vein  and  the  third  some  distance  beyond  the  small  crossvein, 
are  bristly.  The  very  characteristic  picture  of  the  wings  in 
Acrotoxa  is  sulFicieiitly  rendered  by  the  figures  5  and  6  of  Tiil). 
X,  and  19-27  of  Tab.  XI.  The  portions  of  this  picture  wliicli 
could  not  well  be  called  bands  {fasc'a),  or  stripes  {nltn),  I 
have  called  rivulels  (following  in  this  Meigen's  example,  ulio 
called  them  rivuli  in  latin,  and  Jliivhe  in  german).  The  same 
term  may  be  applied  to  the  species  of  Acidia.  The  species  (if 
Acrotoxa  are  often  very  much  alike,  and  very  dillieult  to  dis- 
tinguish in  the  male  sex  ;  the  females  are  fretiuently  easier  to 
distinguish  on  account  of  the  very  dillerent  length  of  the  oviposi- 
tor in  dilferent  species. 

Observation  3. — In  view  of  the  difficulty  of  this  group  and  of 
the  probable  occurrence  of  species  belonging  to  it  in  some  por- 
tions of  the  North  American  continent  and  of  the  "West  Indies 
(besides  Trypeta  frnterciilus  Wicd.,  already  reA^rred  to),  I 
deem  it  useful  to  enter  into  a  more  detailed  examination  of  them. 
Most  of  the  numerous  Acrotoxse  occurring  in  the  Europmin 
museums  come  from  Brazil,  and  pass  rather  indiscriminately  for 
the  Dacus  jiaraUelus  Wied.  I  will  give  a  description  of  this 
species,  based  upon  the  original  specimens  in  the  Wiedemaiiii- 
Winthcm  and  the  Scckenberg  collections,  and  of  some  of  the 
species  more  closely  allied  to  it,  confining  myself  to  those  species 
only  which  are  known  in  both  sexes.  Special  mentions  of  color- 
ing and  picture  will  be  omitted,  as  the  former  is  clay-yellow  in 
all  the  species,  and  the  latter  very  probably  is  pretty  much  like 
that  of  T.  ludenn,  as  given  above,  at  least  in  living  specimens ; 
in  drying  it  becomes  somewhat  indistinct,  and  alTords  no  trust- 
worthy marks  for  discrimination. 


f  ( 


DESCRIITIDN   OF   THE   SI'ECIES. 


25iO 


a.  T.  parallcia  WiED.    %  <$.    (Tab.  XI,  f.  no.) 

Long.  Corp.  0.37,  long,  tercbrae  0.20— (i.21  ;  long.  al.  0.40. 

Arista  with  a  short  pubescence,  which  is  longt'r,  liowevHr,  than  in  thn  fol- 
lowing 8|)ttcie8.  The  pile  on  the  btxiy  in  gencriil  in  soiut-what  I<mi;;i'i  tiiiiii 
in  those  species,  which  is  especially  |iHrceptil)le  on  the  ahilonien  of  both 
eexes  and  on  the  ovipositor.  Ovipositor  slender,  not  (juite  as  loni;  a-i  tin* 
thorax  and  the  rounded  abdonit-n  of  the  female  taken  together.  Wlnurf 
comparatively  broad  and  wry  blunt  and  rounded  at  the  tip;  their  vena- 
tinn  differs  from  tiie  allied  species  in  the  distinct  undulation  of  the  second 
vein  and  the  peculiar  bend,  which  the  last  section  of  the  third  vein  shows 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  small  crossvein ;  two  characters  of  which  there  is  an 
iuili<!ation  in  7'.  cousohriua  only.  Picture  of  the  wind's  brownish-yellow, 
in  some  places  brown,  more  intense  than  in  the  following  species  ;  the 
uninterrupted  and  even  course  of  the  ttrst  hyaline  space  from  the  basis  of 
the  second  basal  cell  to  the  costa  is  especially  characteristic.  The  picture 
of  the  wings  varies  sometimes  in  the  fact  that  both  the  iS-shaped  and  the 
V-bhaped  rivulet  each  emit,  exactly  upon  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  a 
little  pointed  projection,  almost  forming  a  narrow  bridge  between  them  ; 
sometimes  the  jHirtion  of  the  V-shaped  rivulet,  cut  off  by  the  fourth  vein, 
is  filled  by  a  brownish-yellow  coloring;  I  have  observed  this  variety  much 
more  often  in  female  thau  lu  male  specimeua. 

Ilab,  Brazil. 

b.  T.  hamata  n.  sp.     %  ^.    (Tab.  XI,  f.  22.) 

Long.  corp.  0.39,  long,  terebrae  0.2« ;  long.  al.  0.41—0.42. 

Abdomen  short.  The  ovipositor  slender,  proportionally  somewliat 
longer  than  iu  T.  pmallela.  Wings  comparatively  narrower  and  less 
rounded  towards  the  end;  second  longitudinal  vein  without  any  trace  of 
an  undulated  course  an  the  third  longitudinal  vein  beyond  the  small 
crossvein  without  the  curvatur  so  characteristic  in  7\  ^xiralleln.  Picture 
of  the  wings  paler  and  more  yellow  than  in  the  latter  species  ;  the  branch 
of  the  V-shaped  rivulet  which  is  more  distant  from  the  tip  of  the  wing  is 
prolonged  in  fiont  beyond  the  third  vein,  without  diminution  of  its  breadth, 
80  that  it  coalesces  with  the  S-shaped  rivulet  tietween  the  third  and  the 
second  vein  ;  the  branch  of  the  V-shaped  rivulet  which  is  nearer  the  apex 
of  the  wing  is  either  altogether  wanting,  or  its  pale  yellowish  ti{»  only  is 
visible  near  the  posterior  margin,  as  it  is  represented  on  Tab.  XI,  f.  22. 
The  hyaline  band  running  from  the  basis  of  the  second  basal  cell  towards 
the  costa  forms  (as  it  also  does  in  T.  ronnohrina  and  pftfudojuirdlleld),  a 
row  of  three  contiguous  spots.  Besides  the  different  picture  of  the  wings, 
T.  Iiamala  differs  from  T.  connohriiia  and  still  more  from  T.  pscucl'ijuiru/lf  la 
in  the  shape  of  the  wings,  which  are  comparatively  narrower  and  a  little 
less  obtusely  rounded  at  tiie  tip.  Moreover,  the  ovipositor  of  the  feiiuile 
is  a  little  shorter  and  more  slender  towards  the  tip  than  in  T.  cousuhriua ; 
but  it  is  very  much  longer  than  that  of  T.  iiseudoparalltla, 

Uitb.  Brazil. 


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230 


NOIITH   AMKHICAN   TllYI'ETINA. 


C.  T.  iiitfgrn  n.  sp.     %  ^.    (Tab.  XI,  f.  23.) 

Long.  corp.  0.41,  luug.  tttrttbraj  0.30—0.37;  long.  al.  0.42. 

TliH  abilomun  of  this  Hpi'oies  is  longer  and  narrower  tliun  in  tht>  nther 
upt'cies.  The  pioturo  of  the  wings  is  paler  ami  yellower  than  that  of 
7'ri//ietti  pnralUla,  but  otlierwise  re.seuible8  it  more  tlian  any  otiier,  as  iii 
Lot)),  tliu  flrut  hyaline  bund  is  not  divitleil  in  three  contiguous  npots. 
However,  in  the  prexent  Hpeuies  thiii  band  becomes  narrower  towanls  tlie 
costa  and  tttops  before  reaching  it,  neither  of  wliicii  is  the  case  in  7'.  pur- 
ulleld.  Moreover,  its  wings  are  niuili  narrower  and  Uhh  olitusely  roumit^d 
at  tiie  tip;  likewise  they  Hhow  no  trace  of  the  wavy  course  ot  the  second 
longitudinal  vein  and  of  the  curvature  of  the  third,  which  is  so  w*-!! 
niarkeil  in  7'.  parulhla.  Tlie  ovipositor  itt  remarkably  long  in  eonipari.iou 
to  the  Hize  of  the  body,  longer  than  in  all  the  other  species  described  here. 
The  design  of  the  picture  might  give  rise  to  the  sup|)osition  that  7'.  iutnira 
and  7'.  oLlii/ua  Macq.  are  identical.  The  much  smaller  si/e  of  T,  ohliiiua 
Macij.  and  the  much  bhortcr  ovipositor,  however,  render  this  impctssible. 
From  7'.  consohrinu  and  jiseudopuralltlu  this  species  is  sutQcieutly  distiu- 
guished  by  the  diffcreut  shape  of  the  first  Lyaliue  baud  of  the  wings. 

IJab.  Brazil. 

d.  T.  consobrina  n.  sp.    %  ^.    (Tab.  XI,  f.       > 

Long.  Corp.  0.31—0.32,  long,  terebrae  0.2ti-  long.  al.  0.38. 

Abdomen  short.  The  venation  shows  more  analot,'y  to  that  of  T,  par- 
allt'la  tlian  to  any  other  species  mentioned  here,  as  the  third  longitudinal 
Vein  is  somewhat  curved  beyond  the  small  cro.ssveiu ;  the  second  longi- 
tudiuitl  likewise  shows  a  vestige  of  a  weak  uuduiatiou  (which  is  not 
rendered  in  the  figure).  The  outline  of  the  wings  likewise  resembles  that 
of  T.  jmrallela  especially  in  the  obtuse  rounding  of  the  apex;  but  the 
wings  are  narrower  in  comparison  to  their  length.  The  picture  of  the 
wings  is  considerably  paler  than  iu  T.  paratleld,  and  resembles  in  outline 
that  of  T.  pseudoparalteln,  so  that  the  males  of  both  species  may  easily  be 
taken  for  each  other,  unless  attention  is  paid  to  the  difference  in  the  course 
of  the  third  vein.  Tlie  females  of  both  are  very  easily  distingnishe<l,  as 
the  ovipositor  of  T.  consobrina  is  considerably  longer  thau  that  of  T. 
psendoparnllela. 

Hub.  Brazil. 

e.  T.  pseiidoparallela.    %  9.    (Tab.  XI,  f.  24.) 

Long.  corp.  0.35,  long,  terebrse  0.13—0.14;  long.  al.  0.38—0.39. 

The  wings  resemble  those  of  T.  pnral/efa  iu  outline  very  much,  differ, 
ho^frever,  in  the  fact  that  the  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  do  not 
show  the  peculiar  course  which  they  have  in  T.  piira/leln.  The  picture 
of  tlie  wings  is  but  little  paler  than  in  T.  pnrnfle/n,  but  differs  from  it 
considerably  in  the  breaking  up  of  the  first  hyaline  baud  iuto  three  con- 


n    ■  :■ 


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f    ( 


SESCUII'TKjN    of    the   SI'ECIES. 


281 


tittnnnfl  spots.  In  flp»*iiking  of  7'  ctn-ohrirnf,  I  liavo  nflvnited  t<»  tlin  dlf- 
furmice  li«lWHe!i  tlie  uiuIhh  of  the  two  Hptcies,  wliirli  otliHfwiso  an-  ilinely 
alikH.  TliH  fftiiiilH  of  tlii.i  Hpei;iu8  cuiiiiot  family  liu  iiii^tukoii  fur  that  <( 
T,  con.-oliriita  ur  any  utlicr  uf  the  xp^ciud  duricrilmii  liure. 

//.(//.   Hrazil. 

TliM  great  imiKJitance  which  thu  com  partitive  InUKth  of  t\w  ovipositor 
liaH  for  (iHt«riai nation  of  tliei;lo:SHly  reseiiiltliiiK  speticti  of  tliupiu^Hiit  fiioiip, 
iiKiiii'fH  me  to  givH  liern  tli«  foljuwiiitr  tli{urt»rt  rHprfSfiitin^  tlin  averiiuH  of 
SHVerai  iiieuHureineiils.  'J'h«  r»'luliou  of  the  ieiigtli  ot  tin-  ovijioMltor  to 
that  of  th«  rest  of  th«  body  iii  in  psendn/iinullela  1  :  -.•»;  in  juiriiUein 
\  :  l.h — 1.9;  mhiumiia  1  :  1.5;  in  cnusubnua  1  :  1.2;  in  iulei/xi  1 :  1.1.  Tli'-ir 
rt'liition  to  tlie  lfni;th  of  the  winii  in  in  jiaeiulofiarnllilti  1 :  2.H  ;  In  jiurulUla 
1:2.1;  iu  AuMii/u  1:  1.6 ;  iu  cuimuirina  I :  lA  ;  iu  inteyru  1:1.2. 

Trypeta  Ocres^ia  Walker  (List,  etc.,  IV,  p.  101»'),  from 
Jttiuiiifa,  is  an  Avrtiioja,  closely  tillicd  to  tlio  species  (1«'S(  riltcd 
by  1110.  Wlietlier  Trypeta  Acidum  Walker  (il)i(l.,  j).  1014)  from 
Jamaica  likewise  lieloiiffs  here  is  uncertain,  as  the  aiillior  does  nut 
state  whether  the  end  of  tlu;  third  lonffitudinal  vein  is  directed 
forwards  or  backwards;  moreover  there  is  no  statement  whatever 
concerning  the  shape  of  the  scutclluin  and  the  number  of  its 
bristles.  If  this  sjiecics  is  an  Acroitjj-a,  it  cannot  possil)ly  be 
identified  with  any  of  those  described  above,  on  account  of  the 
dilTerences  in  the  coloring.  The  Piime  applies,  in  a  greater 
measure  still,  to  Tryjjfta  serpentina  Wiedemann,  already  alluded 
to  above. 

In  order  to  bring  together  whatever  I  know  concerning  tlie 
Trypetse  belonging  to  the  gnjiip  Avrolo.ra,  I  give  on  'I'id).  XI,  f. 
20,  a  copy  of  the  figure  of  the  wing  of  Tryj'elo  grondi.-i  Macq. 
(Dipt.  E.\ot.  Suppl.,  I,  p.  212.  Tab.  Xvill,  f.  14),  In.ni  New 
Granada,  and  on  Tab.  XI,  f.  27,  that  of  the  wiug  (tf  i'mphora. 
biiittata  Maeq.  (Dipt.  Exot.,  II.  3,  ]^.  222.  Tab.  XXX,  f.  7), 
of  unknown  habitat.  Both  wings  show  an  outline  sointiwhat 
different  from  the  other  Acrotoa-st,  more  oljliijue  transverse  vein.s, 
a  more  narrow  first  posterior  cell,  a  weaker  forward  turn  of  the 
third  vein,  etc.  I  am  inclined  to  l)elieve  that  these  dilVerences 
do  not,  for  the  most  part,  exist  in  reality,  but  are  only  due  io  the 
usual  inaccuracy  in  Macquart's  figures;  and  for  this  renson  I 
believe  that  bo^h  T.  grandin  Macq.  and  Urophitva  bivittata  Macq. 
are  Acrotoxse.  Should  my  supposition  prove  correct,  then  it 
becomes  very  probable  that  America  is  the  habitat  of  the  latter 
species. 


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232 


NOIITII    AMi;ilU'AN    TUVIETINA. 


^,  T.  Tllllierata  n.  up.  %  J. — I'usco-ninni,  i:ifr;i  fu^;c.i ;  cipiil  <  x- 
alliiduin,  fioiilH  I't  facin  Ofhraceo-vittatis,  aiituiinis,  |ial|iis(iim  liUi's.-,  n- 
tiliiis;  scutelluiii  i<ulituiiiiiliiui,  st'lis  ijiiaUuir  i)i'aMliluiii  ;  pcilcs  liii.'i, 
feiiKirilius  taiiicii  postHrioriWiiH  fiisci>-iiii;iis ;  al.-u  latiu.stnilio,  ci'liula 
stif!in;>tioaIi  brHvissiiiiM,  (I'ladratil,  ct'lliilil  llla^^•inali  latil  d  cflluhi  pd,- 
tcriort*  prima  advj^rsiis  api.;Mii  ant;iistat;i  iiistnuttai,  fasciis  iiiLriis  iiii,  r 
RH  I'oha'i'entiliiis  Hiiiiiliter  atiiiiH  A'inrm  liirhiiidis  h\,  piola),  coloro  taiin'ii 
nigi'u  iidversus  alarum  l)a.siiu  latiud  ililfuso, 

Blackish-browii,  uiidtr  siilo  brown;  head  wliilish,  front  and  fact*  willi  an 
ocliro-yellow  longitmliiial  slripo,  antfnna>  and  palpi  moio  t^lav-vrllow- 
i.<h  ;  Hi'utHlluni  ralhnr  tnmid,  with  four  hiistU-s;  feet  cla\ -_vi*lli>u  isli, 
tht^  posterior  fciiuwa,  however,  bi(iwni>h-hla(!k  ;  wi'.iiiM  r.ithi-r  luo'il, 
witlj  a  sliort,  sipi.-ue  sfiuiuntical  cell,  a  broad  marginal  cell  and  a  rii>t 
posterioi-  Cell,  wiiii'ii  is  alteiiuated  ai  the  posterior  tMid  ;  tiie  lila.l^,  inn. 
nected  crosshaiids  almost  reseml)lM  those  of  Ariitni  li/rlinidis  l"al>,,  imt 
tliH  biaoii  oolorini;  is  more  cxtendeil  towards  the  basis.  Long,  foip.,  Jj , 
0.18,  J,  cum  terebrii  Orli;  h)ng.  al.  0.18. 

Coliirino:  of  a  riillicr  sliiiiiiijj  browiiisli-Mack ;  llio  liiiiiicral 
rojrion  aiul  tiu;  (iiuli'i*  siile  of  (linra.x  Jiiid  iiImIohumi  brdwii.  Head 
\vliitisl>,  front  mid  fiu-o  with  a  conspiciions  ochrc-yi'llow  or  iilimtst, 
oraiifyr-yollow  middle  stripe.  Aiitcmue  clay-yrilow  isli,  dcscciiil- 
ing  liolow  the  middle  of  tlio  jti'rpendicidar,  very  lit  lie  eoncavi', 
face:  the  H -st  two  joints  with  short  Mack  pile;  the  third  with  an 
n'linost  sh'jip  anterior  corner;  arista  hrotviush-hlack  with  an 
extremely  short  iiuhescenee;  oral  opeiiinif  of  ii  niediiini  .«ize  ;  the 
hroad  palpi  do  not  extend  beyond  its  anterior  edji:e,  which  is 
j.lio;htly  drawn  npwards.  Cheeks  of  a  vt>ry  moderate  hrcaihli;  ar 
the  lower  corner  of  the  eye,  tlwre  is  nn  ochre-brownish  spul  and 
a  black  Itristle.  The  nsual  frontal  bristles  black  and  of  a  con- 
siderable lenjrth;  between  the  two  black  bristh'.s  inserted  npon 
the  little  strii)es,  eomiiitr  down  from  the  vertical  marji'in,  there  is, 
on  each  side,  a  short,  white  bristle;  four  similar  bristles  are 
inserted  upon  the  posterior  vertical  maririn;  the  erect  pile  of  the 
occiput  and  the  cilia  of  the  upper  post(  rior  orbit  of  the  eye  are 
white.  Thoracic  dorsum  and  pleursp  with  a  very  scattered,  alnidst 
stubble-shaped  white  pile  and  black  bristles.  Scutellnin  viiy 
convex,  perceptibly  swollen,  with  four  lonj?  bristles.  Tiit>  inter- 
mediate abdominal  scfrmeuts  have  a  more  or  less  distinct  p;ih' 
colorinpt  on  the  posterior  marjrin  ;  all  sejrments,  with  tiie  excep- 
tion of  the  posterior  one,  have  some  scattered  whitish  ])ile  towai'ds 
the  posterior  margin  aud  blackish  pile  on  the  lateral  niaririns;  the 


DKSI'RII'TION    OF    TIIK    Sl'KCIKS.  ii.'IJ 

last  pcfrtiient,  towards  its  cml,  has  several  black  brisllrs.  Ovi- 
jKisitor  llat,  ralluT  hmadly  truiifato,  hardly  as  iuiij^  as  the  last 
lliri'i!  alKldUiiiial  scjfmoiits  taken  together,  bluekish-lMdwii  or 
hlawk,  with  l>huk  pile.  Front  I'eet,  as  well  as  the;  entire  I'ore- 
co\M,  elay-yellow  ;  on  the  posterior  feet  the  first  joint  of  the  <'o\!e 
and  the  femora  are  hrownish-ltlack,  or  dark  l)rown,  the  .-erund 
joint  of  the  eoxa;,  the  tip  of  the  femora,  and  tlii!  entire  tii>i;e  and 
tarsi  aro  clay-yellow;  the  under  side  of  the  front  femora  Ik  ins  a 
row  of  hlaek  bristles,  whilo  the  under  side  of  llu;  posleii(>r  femora 
is  without  them.  llalteres  infusrated.  Winers  larjre,  rather 
hroad,  with  convex  anterior  and  posterior  niarjrins;  veins,  with 
the  exoeiititin  of  the  first  longitndimd,  withont  bristles;  the  lir^t 
jonfritiidinal  vein  turns,  not  very  far  beyond  the  end  of  the 
auxiliary  vein,  in  a  sharp,  rectangular  fracture,  pcrpeiidieidarly 
towards  the  inarji'in  of  the  wing,  which  causes  the  siit:niiiiiciil 
cell  to  nssuin(>  a  strikingly  short  and  s(piare  shape;  the  second 
longitmlinal  vein  is  rather  distant  from  the  anterior  margin  of 
the  wing  and  has  a  rather  straight  cotirsc,  so  that  the;  marginal 
cell,  although  rather  broad,  is  all«'nuated  towards  its  cml;  the 
third  longitudimil  vein  is  turned  backwards  toward.s  its  end,  ho 
that  the  first  ])ostt'rior  cell  is  somewhat  utteniMitid  at  thiM'iid; 
the  snniU  erossvein  is  placed  about  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell, 
which  becomes  considerably  broader  towards  its  end  ;  the  hist 
section  of  the  fourlh  longitudinal  vein  has  a  wavy  course;  the; 
posterior  erossvein  ia  very  stet  and  only  very  gently  curved  ; 
the  posterior  angle  of  tlu!  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  a  pnint  in  the 
ustnil  way.  The  picture  of  the  wings  has  somewhat  the  appt  ar- 
aiice  of  rivulets,  and  consists  of  conspicuous  and  rather  weil- 
di'liiied  brownish-black  crossbands,  which  come  in  contact  alimist 
in  the  saiue  way  as  in  the  Muropean  Aciilin,  hjchnidis  Fab.  (com- 
pare Loew,  liohrjlirijci),  Tal).  JII,  f  •!)  ;  the  picture  of  the  pre- 
sent sjieeies  differs,  however,  in  the  more  considerable  extent  <if 
the  l)lack  coloring  on  tli<!  basis  of  the  wings;  the  bhick  bamlH 
leave  two  liyaline  indentations  on  the  anterior  and  three  on  the 
posterior  margin ;  these  hyaline  spots  have,  in  a 'crtiiin  light,  a 
whitish  redection.  The  first  of  these  spots  on  Mie  anterior  mar- 
gin is  a  rectangular  triangle,  tlu'  hypnthcnase  of  which  bcHins  on 
tli(>  costa  a  little  before  the  end  of  the  first  longitudinal  viin  ;ind 
runs  as  far  as  the  anterior  end  of  the  sma'.i  erossvein  ;  the  scroiid 
hyaline  spot,  separated  from  the  first  by  an  almost  jxTpc  iidiiuhir 


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234 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


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tlark  band,  runs  from  the  costa  over  the  middle  of  the  penultimate 
section  of  tlic  fourth  voin,  as  fur  as  the  middle  breadth  of  the 
discul  cell.  The  first  hyaline  spot  of  the  posterior  marjrin  begins 
at  the  end  of  the  last  longitudinal  vein  and  reaches  as  far  as  the 
fourth  vein;  the  second  and  third  spots  begin,  as  usuai  in  the 
species  with  this  kind  of  i)icture,  at  the  posterior  end  of  the 
second  posterior  cell ;  both  are  very  jxjinted  at  their  end,  and 
while  the  second  spot  reaches  only  to  the  fourth  vein,  the  third 
goes  as  far  as  the  third  vein.  Besides  these  hyaliiit  spots,  tlure 
is,  at  the  basis,  a  small  hyaline  mark,  connected  with  the  whilish 
teguhe;  in  the  anal  angle  of  the  wing,  near  the  margin,  there  is  a 
dilnted  dot.  The  last  of  the  dark  bands  is  separated  from  IIk; 
costa,  as  far  as  the  third  vein,  by  a  narrow,  hyaline  border ;  the 
small  crossvein  has  a  similar,  very  narrow,  hyaline  border.  A 
peculiar  mark  of  this  species  is,  that  the  spot  at  which  the  second 
and  third  longitudinal  veins  diverge,  forms  a  knot-shaped,  blood- 
red  swelling,  like  a  drop  of  coagulated  blood;  the  first  longitu- 
dinal vein,  near  its  basis,  likewise  shows  a  more  or  less  distiuct 
blood-red  coloring. 

JIab.  jSIassachusetts  (]Mr.  Sanborn). 

Oliserralion. —  Tri/jicla  vuluerala  cannot  be  well  located  in 
any  of  the  genera  hitherto  formed  out  of  the  old  genus  Tnjpela. 
The  great  resemblance  of  the  i)icture  of  its  wings  to  that  of 
Acidin  bjchnidis  Fab.  (=  discoidea  Mcig. ),  naturally  suggests 
its  location  in  the  same  genus.  A  closer  examiiuition,  iKJwevor, 
l)rovcs  that,  although  its  relationshii)  to  the  species  of  that  fi-nus 
is  rather  close,  it  differs  very  much  in  the  structure  of  the  head, 
the  very  much  more  swollen  scutellum,  the  structure  of  the  ovi- 
positor, some  details  in  the  venation,  and  the  aliiost  stubble- 
shaped  i)ile.  Thus  we  are  compelled  to  establish  a  sep  vrate  genus, 
Ulcnvpa,  for  it,  which  finds  its  place  next  to  Avidia. 

8.  T.  frntria  Lw.  9.  (Tali.  X,  f.  4.)— Lut.-a,  corpore  brevi  et  lati- 
iis(tiilo,  .Kciitfllo  setas  quatnor  a;«reiitH  ;  alje  rivulis  liiteo-fu.><caiiis,  iiiacu- 
lani  ovataiii  liyalinam  in  apicali  ct^llulse  discoidalis  parte  sitaui  iuolu- 
dentilms.  apiee  venae  longitmiinalis  quarta*  non  recurvo. 

Clay-yellow,  stature  sliort  and  pomewhat  broad,  with  four  liristles  on  tlie 
Hcntellnm  ;  winps  with  yellowisli-lirown  rivulets,  wliich  inc^lose  an  oval, 
hyaline  spot  before  the  end  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  end  of  the  t'onrth 
l(nicitudiiial  vein  is  not  curved  forwards.  Long.  corp.  0.22;  long.  al. 
0.22. 


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DESCP'J'TION    OF   THE    SPECIES.  2o5 

Syn.    Trypcfa/ratria  Loew,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  ()7.     Tab.  II,  f.  4. 
^Trypeta  lioijaster  Tuumhu.n,  Kug.  liesa,  p.  578,  No.  251. 

ffab.  United  States  (Osteii-Sackeii). 

Observation. — I  have  notljing  to  add  to  the  description  of  this 
species  as  given  in  tlie  fir.st  jjart  of  tiiese  Monographs.  Its  closo 
relationship  to  tlie  European  2'.  hcraclei  Lin.  is  a  sullicieiit 
proof  that  this  species  is  a  true,  typical  Avidia.  I  believe  that 
T.  liogader  Thorns,  is  this  same  species,  although  he  describes 
the  ovipositor  as  darker  than  i  find  it  in  my  specimen. 

9.  T.  SliaTis  liW.  %.  (Tab.  X,  f.  10.) — Dilute  lutea,  corpore  brevi, 
latiuriculo,  scutello  setis  quatuor  iiistructo;  alse  livulis  latissiiui.s  fuscis, 
in  formaiu  literae  S  couduentibus,  piutse,  apiuu  Tuuse  longitudinalid 
quartae  uou  recurvo. 

Pale  clay-yellowish,  stature  short  ami  rather  broad,  scutellum  with  four 
bristles;  wings  with  very  broad  browu  rivulets,  which  coalf.sce  in  the 
shape  of  the  letter  S;  the  tip  of  the  fourth  vein  is  not  curved  forwards. 
Long.  corp.  0.20 ;  long.  al.  U.21. 

SvN.   Trypeta  suavis  LoEW,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  75.     Tab.  II,  f.'lO. 

IJab.  Middle  States  (Osten-Sackcn). 

1  possess  only  one  very  badly  ))reserved  specimen,  which  I 
described  in  the  Monographs,  etc..  Part  I  The  species  is  easily 
distinguished  on  account  of  the  peculiar  picture  of  its  wings.  Of 
all  the  genera  hitherto  established  in  the  family  Trij]>etidse,  the 
present  species  undoubtedly  belongs  to  Aciuia;  and,  as  far  as 
the  imperfect  preservation  of  my  specimen  allows  an  opinion,  it 
agrees  with  the  Acidise  in  all  the  important  characters,  excei)t 
one  :  while  all  the  European  Acidise  have  the  third  longitudinal 
veil!  more  or  less  bristly,  I  perceive  no  bristles,  whatever,  in 
T.  suavis,  and  have  no  reason  to  suppose  that  they  have  Iteen 
rubbed  off.  Such  an  agreement  of  characters  decides  me  to  place 
T.  suavis  in  the  genus  Acidia;  at  the  same  time,  however,  the 
bristles  of  the  third  longitudinal  vein  cannot  any  longer  be  con- 
sidered as  characteristic  of  the  genus  Acidia. 

10.  T.  canadensis  n.  sp.  9. — Dilute  lutescena,  sefi;m«*ntis  abdomi- 
nalilius  tertio  et  quarto  fusco-fasciatis,  corpore  brevi,  latins  nlo,  ttrel'iA 
iiiediocri,  lnt&  et  late  truncate ;  alarum  rivuli  angasti,  fusci,  apex  vensa 
louj^itudina'is  quartas  non  recurvus. 

Pale  clay-;  ellowish,  with  a  brown  crossband  on  the  third  and  fourth 
abdominal  segments,  stature  short  and  somewhat  broad  ;  ovipositor  of 


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236 


NORTH    AMERICAN    TUYPETINA. 


medium  length,  broad  and  broadly  tnincatH;  winps  with  narrow  pale 
brownisli  rivulets  and  with  a  fourtli  longitudinal  vein  wiiioli  is  nut 
ourveil  forwards  at  the  tip.  Loug.  corp.  0.18,  cum  terubru  0.23;  luug, 
al.  0.20. 

Pale  clay -yellowish.  The  head  resembles  that  of  T.  frntria  in  ■ 
shape,  only  the  front  is  somewhat  broader  and  the  vertical  diiiiiie- 
ter  <.if  the  eyes  is  a  little  smaller;  the  anterior  edjre  of  the  nunitli 
is  more  projeeting.  On  the  border  of  the  front  the  descrihcri 
specimen  bears,  on  each  side,  three  long,  but  rather  weak  black 
bristles.  AntenniB  of  a  more  saturate  yellow,  not  reaching  the 
edge  of  the  mouth;  their  third  joint  is  rounded  at  the  tip;  aristn 
blackish,  yellow  towards  the  basis,  with  a  very  short  pul)(!scc:ice. 
Rostrum  and  palpi  pale  yellow,  the  latter  not  reaching  bcvdnd 
the  anterior  edge  of  the  oral  opening.  Thoracic  dorsum  witli 
a  very  thin,  whitish  bloom,  only  the  double  middle  stripe  iind 
the  narrow  lateral  stripes  not  pollinose,  rather  shining  and 
somewhat  darker  than  their  surroundings.  The  posterior  end 
of  the  thoracic  dorsum  and  the  scutellum  likewise  without  pol- 
len, shining,  very  pale  yellow;  a  not  very  broad  yellowish  stripe 
runs  from  the  humeral  corner  to  the  root  of  the  wings.  The 
scutelluin  is  convex  and  not  very  large;  in  my  speciincn  it  has 
three  bristles  on  one  side  and  only  two  on  the  other,  .so  that  I 
cannot  say  whether  the  normal  number  of  the  bristles  of  the 
scutellum  is  six  or  four.  The  bristles  of  the  thorax  and  of  the 
Kcutellum,  as  well  as  the  short  pile  of  the  thoracic  doisnni,  are 
black.  Metathorax  distinctly  inl'uscated  on  its  superior  inargiu 
audits  middle  line.  Abdomen  shining,  with  short  black  pile; 
the  third  and  fourth  segments  have,  each  at  its  basis,  a  chestinit 
crossl)and,  interrupted  upon  its  middle,  while  upon  the  scciukI 
segment  only  a  lateral  beginning  of  such  a  stripe  is  indicntcMl  hy 
a  chestnut-brown  spot.  The  very  broad  ovipositor  is  flat,  almost 
as  long  as  the  last  three  abdominal  segments  taken  together,  very 
broadly  truncate  and  infuscated  at  the  end.  The  front  femora 
are  s])arsely  beset  with  bristles  upon  the  upper  and  under  side; 
the  middle  femora  are  entirely  without  bristles;  upon  the  hind 
femora,  likewise,  there  are  only  a  few  bristle-like  hairs  iiefore  the 
end  of  the  upper  side  ;  the  upper  side  of  the  hind  tiliias  is  merely 
beset  with  excee<lingly  short  bristle-like  hairs.  "Wings  of  the 
usual  shape,  hyaline,  with  a  pale-brown  picture;  it  e<insi>t-<  :  1. 
In  an  oblique  half  crossband  running  from  the  humeral  crossveia 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   SPECIES. 


237 


to  the  basis  of  the  second  basal  cell  ;  2.  Of  a  crossbaiid  ])arallel 
to  the  first,  abbreviated  behind,  which  begins  at  tlie  tstigiiia,  near 
the  anterior  margin,  and  runs  across  the  basis  oi'  tiie  sul)niargiiial 
cell,  as  well  as  across  the  crossveins,  which  close  the  second  and 
tiiird  basal  cells,  and  thus  reaches  the  sixth  longitudinal  vein;  3. 
Of  a  rivulet  which  begins  above  the  posterior  crossvein,  near  the 
third  longitudinal  vein,  runs  from  it  across  tlie  posterior  cross- 
vein  as  far  as  the  posterior  margin,  is  continued  along  this  mar- 
gin inside  of  the  third  posterior  cell,  but,  before  reaching  the  sixth 
longitudinal  vein,  is  suddenly  turned  upwards,  running  jtaraliel 
to  the  band  which  begins  at  the  stigma,  crossing  the  sniall  cross- 
vein,  and  thus  reaching  the  anterior  margin,  where,  gradually 
expanding,  it  forms  a  border  ending  a  little  beyond  the  tip  of  the 
fourth  crossvein.  The  two  crossbands,  as  well  as  the  rivulet,  are 
of  moderate  breadth  only;  the  latter  has,  in  the  described  speci- 
men, the  following  faded  spots,  which,  in  more  fully  colored  spe- 
cimens, are  probably  less  apj)arent  or  altogether  absent:  1.  A 
rounded  spot  in  the  marginal  ceil,  above  the  origin  of  the  rivulet; 
2.  Upon  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  submarginal  cell  an  indenta- 
tion in  the  inner  margin  of  the  section  bordering  the  ajtex  of  the 
wing;  3.  Upon  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  first  posterior  cell 
an  interruption  of  the  rivulet  at  its  origin  and  an  indentation  in 
the  inner  margin  of  the  portion  l)orderiiig  the  apex  of  the  wing; 

4.  Upon  the  longitudinal  axis  of  the  discal  cell  a  narrow  interrup- 
tion of  the  section,  running  again  towards  the  anterior  margin ; 

5.  The  spot  upon  the  posterior  margin  connects  the  first,  descend- 
ing, portion,  with  the  second,  which  rises  again  upwards.  The 
first  and  third  longitudinal  vei..  are  bristly;  the  third  and  fourth 
are  parallel  towards  their  end,  both  very  gently  curved  back- 
wards; the  section  of  the  fourth  vein  preceding  the  discal  cell  is 
gently,  but  rather  distinctly  arcuated  backwards,  so  that  the  shape 
of  the  discal  cell  somewhat  reminds  of  that  of  the  species  of 
Rivellia;  the  crossveins  are  comparatively  rather  long,  moderately 
approximated,  their  distance  being  about  equal  to  the  length  of 
the  posterior  crossvein;  the  latter  is  rather  steep,  however,  per- 
ceptibly approximated  to  the  apex  with  its  anterior  end,  more 
tlinn  with  the  posterior;  the  posterior  corner  of  the  a»in,l  cell  is 
very  much  drawn  out  in  a  point. 

Hnh.  Canada  (Mr.  Provancher).   [Xorwny,  Maine;  S.  J.  Smith 
— seems  to  be  a  common  species  in  those  regions.    0.  S.] 


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238 


NORTH   AMERICAN  TRYPETINA. 


f:B'n^ 


Obftervadon. —  Trypela  canadensis  resembles  tlie  species  of 
AcicUa  in  its  general  habitus  and,  at  first  siglit,  seems  to  difl'or 
only  in  the  somewhat  niodilied  picture  of  the  wings,  which  seems 
to  hold  tho  middle  between  the  rivulet  and  the  crossband.  A 
closer  examination  shows,  that  in  the  structure  of  the  head  and 
of  its  parts,  as  also  in  the  bristles  upon  the  feet,  this  species  is 
closely  allied  to  Acidia,  but  that  it  also  shows  characters  not 
belonging  to  that  genus  ;  such  is  the  structure  of  the  ovipositor, 
which  is  longer,  quite  flattened,  and  broadly  truncate  at  the  end; 
also  the  very  peculiar  course  of  the  section  of  the  fourth  longitu- 
dinal vein  preceding  the  small  crossvein.  If  the  scutelluni  is 
provided  with  six  bristles  in  normal  specimens,  we  would  have 
another  important  distinctive  character  from  Acidia.  Thus  the 
admission  of  T.  canadensi'  '  the  genus  Acidia  would  render  the 
limitation  of  this  genus  too  indefinite,  and  it  becomes  necessary 
to  establish  a  new  genus  for  it,  which  would  be  characterized  by 
a  modified  type  of  the  picture,  a  peculiar  course  of  the  fourth 
vein,  and  a  ditlVrent  structure  of  the  ovipositor.  I  will  call  this 
genus  Epochro,. 

11.  T.  loiigipennis  Wied.  %  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  2  ^  ,  3  J.)— Lntea. 
capite  tuiiiido,  corpore  elongato  et  angusto ;  alae  longse  et  angustx, 
maris  adhuc  longiores  et  angustiores  quam  feminse,  rivulis  luteo-f;i:icai)i9 
pictsB. 

Clay-yellow;  bead  tumid ;  body  long  and  narrow;  wingg  long  and  nar- 
row, tliose  of  the  male  still  longer  and  more  narrow  than  in  the  female, 
pictured  with  yellowish-brown  rivulets.  Long.  corp.  0.17 — 0.2G;  long. 
al.  0.22—0.30. 

Stn.   Trypeta  longipennis  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zweifl.,  II,  483,  12  (^  9  )• 
Strauzia  armata  R.  Desvoidy,  Myod.  719,  2  (^  ). 
Strainin  inennis  R.  Desvoidy,  Myod.  718,  1(9). 
Tephritia  trimaculata  Macqdart,  Dipt.  Exot.,  II,  3,  p.  226,  8.     Tab. 

XXXI,  f.  3. 
Trypeta  cornigera  Walker,  List  Brit.  Mas.,  IV,  p.  1010. 
Triipeta  cornifera  Walker,  List  Brit.  Mas.,  IV,  p.  1011. 
Trypeta  longipennis  Loew,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  65. 

It  cannot  be  doubted  that  Trypeta  longipennis  Wied.,  either 
is  a  very  variable  species,  or  that  North  America  possesses  a 
number  of  closely  allied  species,  resembling  it  very  much,  and 
which,  as  long  as  they  are  represented  only  by  single,  often 
imperfectly  preserved  specimens,  it  is  as  difficult  to  distingiii>h 


DESCRIPTION    OP   THE    SPECIES. 


239 


I  V 


and  to  describe  as,  for  instance,  the  majority  of  tlic  European 
Urophorfs.  It  is  only  I)y  observations  upon  tlic  insect  in  life, 
that  the  question  will  probably  have  to  be  solved,  whether  we 
have  hero  diCFerent  species  or  only  varieties.  In  writing  the  first 
part  of  these  Monofrraphs  I  surmised  that  I  had  specimens  of  a 
single,  but  very  variable  species  before  me.  In  the  mi-an  time 
my  materials  have  increased  consideraltly,  and  specimens  have 
been  added  to  it,  which  diller  so  materially  from  tli<!  t\pical  T. 
hmfjipeniiisi,  that  my  former  conviction  has  l)een  shaken,  without, 
however,  liaviri::^  been  superseded  by  the  opposite  one.  I  prefer 
therefore  to  continue  to  treat  these  dilferent  forms  as  varieties 
of  the  same  species,  but,  at  the  same  time,  to  define  these 
varieties  with  more  precision  than  has  been  done  in  the  first  part 
of  the  ^lonograplis.  In  order  to  avoid  useless  repetitions,  1  will 
aotice  in  advance  that  in  all  the  varieties  the  anterior  end  of  the 
middle  slri[)c  is  colorod  black,  and  that  in  all  of  them,  immedi- 
ately above  the  root  of  the  winsr,  there  is  a  small,  deep-bhiek  dot, 
which  is  not  visible  when  the  winns  arc  folded. 

1.  Varidas  pcrfecta,  %  9. — Of  the  four  lateral  bristles  of  the 
front,  the  two  upper  ones,  in  the  male,  are  very  much  incrassatetl 
and  truncated  at  the  end.  Thorax  without  black  lateral  stripes. 
Scutellum  unicolorous ;  metathorax  without  black  picture.  I'ieture 
of  the  wings  not  vc"_,'  deep  ia  its  coloring,  complete  in  both  sexes; 
the  male  as  Tab.  X,  f.  2. 

Of  this  variety  I  have  compared  rather  numerous  specimens. 
Among  those  of  my  collection  there  is  a  male  and  two  females, 
caught  at  the  same  time. 

2.  Varidas  typica  %  9 . — Of  the  four  lateral  bristles  (»n  the 
front  the  two  .pper  ones  are  very  much  incrassated  in  the  male 
and  trur.cate  a  the  end.  Thorax  without  black  lateral  stripes; 
scu  ellum  upor  each  lateral  corner  with  a  well-dcjfined  black  spot. 
^^etath(.^ax  without  any  black  coloring.  The  [)icture  of  the 
wings  is  of  a  rather  dark  shade,  especially  towards  the  tip;  com- 
plete in  the  female,  incomplete  in  the  male,  almost  like  Tal).  X,  f. 
2,  except  that  the  rivulet  covering  the  posterior  crossvein  does 
not  reach  the  margin  of  the  wing,  I)ut  gradually  becomes  more 
attenuated  and  pointed  and  never  roaches  beyond  the  posterior 
end  of  the  posterior  crossvein  ;  the  l)ranch  of  this  rivulet  which 
runs  along  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  vein  is  likewi  o  very 
Diirrow  and  always  disappears  at  a  considerable  distance  from 


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NOUTII    AMERICAN    TUYPETINA. 


lli(!  ninrfrin  of  tlio  wiiij^;  the  hyaline  iiit(irval  bi'twecn  it  and  tlio 
hniMcli  bordoring  tlie  anterior  luarf^in  af  the  winjr  is,  in  tiie  nialt', 
comparatively  longer  and  conspicuously  narrower  than  in  var. 
per/ccin;  the  female  shows  th:3  same  dillerence,  but  very  feehly. 

Wifdemann'ri  description  is  based  upon  specimens  of  ilijs 
variety,  which  is  a  very  common  one.  Tiie  other  synonyms, 
(piotcd  aljove,  likewise  belong  here,  with  the  only  exception  of 
2't'i/pt'ta  roruigei'u  WiiWivr.  I  ])os,sess  of  this  variety  four  |)it- 
fectly  well-preserved  .'«pecimens  (a  male  and  three  females),  caiiirlit 
at  the  same  time  by  Mr.  Auxer  in  Lancaster  City,  Penn.  ;  the 
three  fenudc^  have,  at  the  posterior  end  of  the  two  posterior 
abdominal  segments,  longer,  stronger,  and  somewhat  more  aliiiii- 
dant  jiile  than  the  females  of  other  varieties. 

3.  Varidas  lungitudinnlis  %  ?. — Of  the  four  lateral  bristles 
of  the  front  the  two  uppermost,  in  the  male,  are  very  nnich 
incrassated  and  truncated  at  the  end.  Thorax  without  any  l)liu'l; 
lateral  stripes;  scutellum  on  each  lateral  corner  with  a  black 
ppot;  luetathorax  without  black  picture.  The  wings  of  the  male 
comparatively  narrower  than  in  all  the  other  varieties;  their 
picture  coalesces  into  a  single  broad  longitudinal  stripe,  wliieji, 
from  the  root  of  the  wing  as  far  as  nearly  the  end  of  the  poste- 
rior  basal  cells,  has  a  dirty  clay-yellowish  coloring;  lieyond  this 
point,  it  changes  into  dark-brownish.  The  interval  Itetween  the 
second  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  is  completely  iilled  i)y  this 
stripe,  with  the  only  exception  of  a  small  hyaline  spot  at  the  end 
of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein  ;  moreover,  the  stripe  eneroaelics 
a  little  beyond  the  second  and  fourth  veins  in  the  sliape  of  litlle 
wavy  expansions.  The  picture  of  the  female  hardly  differs  from 
that  of  var.  typwa;  oidy  the  spot  in  the  costal  cell,  between  the 
stigma  and  the  humeral  crossvoin,  which  is  usually  wanting  in 
var.  perfecta  and  present  in  var.  typica,  is  much  darker  than  in 
the  latter  species ;  this  is  also  the  case  in  the  male. 

Tliese  statements  are  taken  from  a  very  fine  pair  of  specimens 
from  Sharon  Springs,  N.  Y.,  collected  by  Baron  O.sten-Snekeii. 
lie  sent  me  at  the  same  time  a  male  from  Connecticut  (colle<teil 
by  ^\r.  Bassctt),  which  agrees  with  the  former  in  tlie  picture  mhI 
in  the  shape  of  the  wings,  except  that  the  uniformly  brown  ]iart 
of  the  picture  of  the  specimen  from  Sharon  is  clouded  with  yel- 
lowish-brown and  dark-brown  ;  moreover,  in  the  latter  speeiineii, 
the  spot  i)laced  between  the  humeral  crossvein  and  the  stigma  is 


■fl. 


en  tlie 
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thuii  in 


iii'ina  16 


DESCUll'TlUN    OF    THE   Sl'KCIKS. 


241 


very  much  fuded.  Tlie  description  wliich  Mr.  Wulkcr  gives  of 
hirt  Tviji)ela  coniiycra  refers,  if  1  uiiderstuiid  it  rij^iit,  to  this 
variety.  [The  nmie  speciiiieii  from  Sharon  was  fiiujrlir,  on  tiio 
suiiie  spot  with  the  feniule;  I  possess,  moreover,  a  couple  from 
Connecticut,  stuck  on  on(!  pin,  as  if  causrlit  in  roiiuld.  Tims 
there  can  hardly  be  a  douljt  as  to  tlie  .sexes  helonii^ing  together, 
the  very  different  picture  notwithstanding.     O.  8.] 

4.  VarietdH  vMiyera,  I  9. — Of  the  four  lateral  bristles  of  the 
front,  the  two  upper  ones  are  very  much  incrassated  and  truncate 
at  the  end.  The  thoracic  dorsum  shows,  besides  the  anterior 
end  of  the  middle  stripe,  two  well-marked  black  lateral  stripes  of 
a  moderate  breadth,  aobreviated  in  front,  rather  broadly  inter- 
rupted at  the  transverse  suture  and  pointed  posteriorly.  Scn- 
tellum,  upon  each  lateral  corner,  with  a  black  spot;  metathorax 
on  each  side  with  a  deep  lilack  longitudinal  spot.  Wings  of  the 
male  .somewhat  less  elongated  than  in  the  male  of  the  var.  jirr- 
ft'vta.  The  picture  of  the  wings  in  both  sexes  is  coniitlete,  hardly 
different  from  that  of  var.  perfecta.  Of  this  variety  I  possess 
only  a  male  and  a  female  from  Nel)raska  (Dr.  Ileyden). 

5.  Varu'las  intermedia  %. — Of  the  four  lat(!ral  i)ristles  of  the 
front,  the  two  superior  ones,  although  strong,  are  not  incras- 
sated and  not  truncate  at  the  tip,  but  end,  as  usual,  in  a  point. 
Thorax  without  black  lateral  stripes;  scntellum  ni)on  each  laternl 
corner  with  a  black  spot;  metathorax  on  each  side  with  a  deep 
black  longitudinal  spot.  "Wings  of  the  niak'  less  elongated,  and 
perceptibly  less  pointed  than  in  the  first  two  varieties;  the 
picture  of  the  wings  rather  intense  in  coloring,  the  design 
resembling  that  of  the  female  of  the  first  variety;  however,  the 
hyaline  band  passing  between  the  two  crossveins  is  rather  con- 
spicuously expanded  at  its  posterior  end.  The  last  joint  of  all 
the  feet  is  rather  conspicuously  infuscated  on  the  sides  and  at 
its  end.  Of  t.iis  variety  I  possess  only  a  single  male,  without 
indication  of  the  precise  lo.  lity. 

G.  Variefas  coh/luens,  % . — Of  the  four  lateral  bristles  of  the 
front  the  two  upper  ones  are  rather  strong,  but  uot  incrassated 
and  not  truncate  at  the  tip,  but  end,  as  usual,  in  a  point.  The 
thoracic  dorsum,  besides  the  anterior  end  of  the  middle  stripe, 
shows  two  well-defined  black  lateral  stripes  of  a  moderate  breadth, 
which  are  abbreviated  anteriorly,  rather  broadly  interrupted  at 
the  transverse  suture,  and  pointed  posteriorly.  Scutellum  upoa 
Hi 


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242 


NORTH    AMKRIdAN   THVI'KTINA. 


each  lateral  corner  with  a  black  spot.  Mctt.thorax  on  each 
side  with  a  deep-black  longitiulinal  spot.  Wiii^s  of  the  inule 
comparatively  less  elongated,  and  less  attenuated  tovvunis  the 
tip,  consequently  comparatively  broader  than  in  the  fust  iind 
second  variety.  Tl^e  picture  of  the  wings  is  (complete,  its  color. 
ing  uniform,  not  very  saturate,  seldom  here  and  there  with  u 
trace  of  darker  margins;  the  oblique  hyaline  crossband  pu.ising 
between  the  crossveins  is  comparatively  narrow,  reaches,  iiovv- 
ever,  the  anterior  margin  comi)Iet('ly.  The  brownish-yellow 
rivulet  rising  across  the  posterior  erossvein  is  of  a  considciiihle 
breadth  in  all  its  parts,  so  that  the  branch  of  it  which  borders  the 
margin  of  the  wing  and  that  which  runs  along  the  last  section  of 
the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  coalesce  in  their  middle. 

I  possess  a  single  male  only  (Connecticut;  Mr.  Norton);  it  is 
one  of  the  smallest  specimens  of  this  species  in  my  collection. 

1.  Variet..s  arcidata  % . — Of  the  four  lateral  bristles  of  i|;e 
front,  the  two  upper  ones  are  not  stronger  than  usual  among  tlx; 
species  of  the  same  size ;  as  usual,  also,  they  end  in  a  point.  The 
thoracic  dorsum  shows,  besides  the  anterior  end  of  the  middh- 
stripe,  two  strongly  marked  black  lateral  stripes  of  modi  riite 
breadth,  which  are  abbreviated  anteriorly,  rather  broadly  iiitci- 
ruptcd  at  the  transverse  suture,  and  end  in  a  point  posteriorly; 
scutellum  with  a  black  spot  upon  each  lateral  corner;  metatlionix 
on  each  side  with  a  deep  black  longitudinal  sp(jt.  The  wings  of 
the  male  are  less  attenuated  towards  the  apex  than  in  the  males 
of  the  first  and  second  varieties,  but  comparatively  less  broiul 
than  in  the  sixth  variety.  The  picture  of  the  wings  has  a  rather 
uniform  yellowish-brown  coloring.  It  differs  from  that  of  all  the 
other  varieties  in  the  fact  that  the  oblicjue  hyaline  band,  rnnning 
between  the  two  crossveins,  does  not  reach  the  anterior  margin, 
but  suddenly  ends  between  the  second  and  the  third  longitndiruil 
veins,  so  that  the  border  of  the  anterior  margin  is  not  at  all  inter' 
rupted  beyond  the  triangular  hyaline  spot  near  the  stigma ;  at 
the  same  time,  this  hyaline  band  is  connected  with  the  hyaline 
streak  in  the  latter  portion  of  the  first  posterior  cell,  the  rivulet 
crossing  over  the  posterior  erossvein  being  interrupted  hero. 
These  modifications  give  the  picture  a  very  different  appearance. 

Of  this  variety  I  likewise  possess  but  one  specimen  (Illinois; 
Mr.  Brendel) ;  it  is  but  little  larger  than  the  male  specimen  of 
the  sixth  variety. 


■-cr' 


■  .M . 


DESCRIPTION   OP   TIIE   SPECIES. 


243 


Obsrrvation. —  Tnjixla  lon(jipennit<  lius  no  ininicdiatc  relatives 
among  tlie  European  TrypiiUhe.  From  Spiloyraphn  nhrofani 
Meijj;.,  and  macrovhieta  L\v.,  which  resenihle  it  soniewliat  in  tlio 
pceiiliar  sliapo  of  tlie  froniul  bristles,  it  (litters  too  much,  in  the 
stature  of  the  body,  the  shape  of  the  head,  as  well  as  in  tlut  outline, 
the  venatio'n,  and  the  pi(;ture  of  the  wings,  to  be  placed  in  the 
siunc  genus  HpHoijrnpha.  It  nmst  be  considered,  then^fore,  as 
tlie  type  of  a  separate  genus.  Mr.  11.  Desvoidy  has  given  it  the 
name  of  Strauzia,  which  may  be  preserved,  after  being  mod  Hied 
into  the  more  correct  form  of  Straussia.  The  principal  charac- 
ters of  the  genus  Straussia  are  the  following: — 

liody  long  and  narrow;  head  remarkal.ly  swollen,  especially 
the  occiput ;  eyes  rounded  and  rather  small  for  a  Tnjpi'la,  so  that 
in  the  profdc  the  front  advances  much  before  the  eyes  and  the 
cheeks  arc  very  broad.  Lateral  border  of  the  front  raised  in 
the  sluape  of  a  cushion,  so  that  the  whole  front  assumes  the 
appearance  of  a  basin.  Antcnnte  short,  reaching,  perhaps,  as  far 
as  the  middle  of  the  face;  the  last  joint  rounded  at  the  tip 
Face  retreating  inforiorly;  oral  opening  small,  without  any  sharp 
anterior  edge  ;  the  rather  broad  palpi  not  reaching  beyond  this 
edire.  Scntellnra  convex,  with  four  bristles.  Abdomen  elongated 
and  considerably  narrower  than  the  thorax.  Ovipositor  of  the 
female  not  flattened  Wings  comparatively  long  and  only  mode- 
rately broad,  in  the  male  narrower  than  in  the  female,  especially 
towards  their  end;  the  picture  consists  of  rivulets;  first  and  third 
longitudinal  veins  distinctly  bristly  ;  the  third  and  fourth  veins 
towards  their  end  somewhat  divergent  and  rather  strongly  bent 
backwards;  small  erossvein  placed  about  the  beginning  of  the 
last  third  of  the  discal  cell;  the  posterior  angle  of  the  anal  cell  is 
drawn  out  in  a  sharp  point. 


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12.  T.  electa  Sat.  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  7.)— Lntpa,  vittis  thoracis  Pt  pon- 
tello  ex-albiiiis,  ansulis  lat«»ralibus  hiijus  iiigris  ;  tibiae  posticse  sftifl 
nigris,  proportione  longis  ciliata;  alw  hyaliiiiB,  fasciis  duat)ua  intei^rin 
adversus  marginem  posticum  converBt*iitiba3,.'!trigul&  interjects  a  oost& 
ad  venam  longitudinalem  tcrtiain  <inct4,  et  costse  ipsius  limbo  iiiie  a 
fasciA,  secund4  usque  ad  apicem  cellulffi  posterioria  secundae  peitiiiente, 
fuscis. 

Clay-yellow,  longitudinal  stripes  of  the  thorax  and  scntpllnm  whitish; 
the  latter  with  blackish  lateral  corners  ;  posterior  tibiae  oiliatnd  with 
comparatively  long  black  bristles;  wings  hyaline,  with  two  complete 


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844 


Nt)UTH    AMF.IUCAN    THYI'KTINA. 


croHnhiuidH,  ciiiivfrHiiig  towards   tliB   iHinlerior  margin,  an   fncotnplcte 
band  bKgiuuiiit^  at  tliu  nnterior  margin  and  running  as  far  ah  tlie  tliiid 

longitudinal  vt-in,  and  a  bordt-r  ol  tliu  uostu,  beginning  at  tliH  st-i I 

croH.sband  and  miding  at  the  lip  of  liie  ttwcond  posterior  tell ;  tlm  wljule 
of  this  piuturu  being  biuvvn.     Long.  corp.  U.'2\) ;  long.  al.  U.2D. 

^JYN.   Trjipetn  electa  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  IMiil.,  V[,  p.  ItiT),  1.    . 
T'';/f>tla  eleclii  LoEW,  iMonograplm,  etc.,  1,  p.  71,  li.     Tab.  II,  f.  7. 

I  liivvo  notliinj?  to  add  to  the  dt'seriplioii,  jyiveii  in  tlic  'list  piirt 
of  tln'so  .MoiiojiTiiplis,  l)ut  1  must  observe  tliiit,  diH'oivod  \>y  Mac- 
(luiirt's  iiisullicit'iit  di'seriptioii  of  his  T.  JlaroiKifdld,  I  liuvu  takrii 
it  to  be  merely  a  paler  variety  of  T.  electa  Suy,  wiiile  a  spetiiiini 
rceeived  since  tlicii  lias  cunviiiced  luo  that  it  is  a  very  ciuaely 
allied  l)Ut  distinct  speeieet. 

Jfab.    Florida  (Ostcii-Sackcn). 

(Jhservalion. —  Tnjpeta  electa  belongs  hi  the  pcnus  .Sy/Z/o' 
gvapha. 

13.  T.  flaVOIlotata  Mahj.  ^. — Lntea,  vittis  thoracis  et  fcnlclld 
unifolore  pallidioribus,  tibial  postioae  aetulid  brevissimis  pallidis  Hulni- 
liatm ;  alse  hyalinsB,  fasciis  duabns  postice  panio  abbreviatis  adwrsiM 
margineni  postjcuin  co^ivergentibus,  Ntrigulil  interjeota,  a  fosti\  piope  ad 
venam  longitudiualeni  tertiani  dtn^td  et  costte  ipsius  limbo  indti  a  I'asciii 
secuudii  usquu  ad  cellulie  pos^terioris  secundie  apiuem  pertinentu,  fu^i'is. 

Clay-yellow,  longitudinal  stripf^a  of  the  thoracic  dorsnm  and  the  niii- 
colorons  soutt'llnm  paler;  hind  tibite  somewhat  ciliated  with  very  short, 
pale  bristles;  wings  hyaline,  with  two  crossbands,  which  ar«'  soniewliat 
convergent  ;  ')8teriorly  and  interrupted  a  little  \)el'ore  the  posterior  mar- 
gin, a  little  crossband  between  them,  extending  from  the  anterior  mar- 
pin  almost  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein,  and  w  border  of  the  costa, 
running  from  the  second  crossband  to  the  tip  of  the  second  posterior 
cell;  the  whole  picture  being  brown.  Long.  corp.  0.18;  lung.  al.  0.21 
—0.22. 

S?N.    Tcphrltis  flavonotuta   Macq.   Dipt.   Exot.   SnppL  V,  p.  125.      Tab. 
VII,  f.  9. 

This  ppecies  is  very  like  Trypeta  electa  Say,  differs,  liowovcr, 
from  it  as  follows.  It  is  smaller ;  the  head  ia  comparatively 
smaller  and  has  much  narrower  cheeks.  Tlie  third  anteiinal 
joint  ends  at  a  much  sharper  angle.  In  what  way  the  picture 
of  the  tl\orax  dilTers  from  that  of  T.  electa  cannot  he  well 
ascertained  in  my  specimen,  in  which  it  has  become  soniewliat 
indistinct,  probably  in  the  process  of  drying;  the  whitish  stripe, 
running  from  the  humerus  to  the  root  of  the  wings,  is  very  per- 


I^» 


i' 


nKSCRll'TIo:^   OF    TIIK    S1"K('IK8. 


2J5 


crptihlc;  tlioro  i.s  also  a  truce  of  Uio  wliilish  slrij)©  nlxno  tlio 
root  of  till'  wiiij^s;  Itut  this  stripe  shows  no  trace  of  the  dark 
honlcr  on  the  inside,  which  it  ha.s  in  1'.  ilfda.;  nor  do  I  see  a 
whitish  inediun  lino.  iScuteliuni  eonipanilively  snniller  and  iconic, 
what  more  convex,  without  lilack  spot  ort  the  lateral  corners. 
The  npper  border  of  the  nietathorax  is  luarkecl,  at  each  end,  with 
u  very  small  spot  of  a  deep  Mack  color.  The  puncliform  Itlack 
lateral  dotH,  which  exist  on  the  last  abdominal  se|jrinent  of  tiie 
ft'inah!  of  T.  clfria,  are  not  percept ihle  in  the  nnde  of  the  present 
spcoies.  All  the  brintles  of  the  body  are  less  strong  and  of  a 
piiler  color,  especially  ujxiri  the  feiinira,  and  instead  of  the  com- 
paratively lonji;  Mack  bristles  with  which  the  npper  side  of  the 
hind  tibia;  of  2\  clci  la  is  frinjred,  there  are  in  the  present 
species  only  very  short  pale  yellow  bristleta.  The  third  lon<jri- 
tudinal  vein  of  the  wings  has,  at  its  basis,  K<'veral  little  liristles, 
l)Ut  upon  tho  remainder  of  its  course,  is  entirely  bare  (whiht  tlio 
bristles  extend  much  farther  in  2\  elwia).  The  picture  of  the 
wings  is  very  like  that  of  2\  electa,  with  the  following  dilfer- 
ences :  the  two  crossbands  in  tho  middle  of  the  wings  do  not 
altogether  reach  the  posterior  margin  and  are  also  less  approxi- 
mated, that  is,  th(>y  do  not  form  the  figure  V  ;  tho  basal  portion 
of  the  snbniarginal  cell  lying  before  the  first  of  these  banils  is 
hyaline;  the  picture  in  the  vicinity  of  the  root  of  the  wing  is 
much  less  extended  and  much  paler,  so  that  its  darker  portions 
do  not,  as  in  T.  elccla,  form  a  kind  of  crossband,  running  alnajst 
parallel  to  tho  following  band. 

Ilab.  Yukon  River,  Alaska  (R.  Kennicott). 

Ohi^ervation. — T.  flavonofala  is  very  closely  allied  to  those 
European  species,  which  I  have  placed  in  the  genus  Zononemn 
(in  my  ^lonograph  of  the  European  IVi/petid/v),  and  should  be 
placed  in  it,  as  long  as  it  is  separated  from  Hjiilogrniiha.  Should, 
however,  Zonosema  be  united  with  HpUixjropha,  which  seems  the 
best  course  to  follow,  owing  to  the  intermediate  forms,  which 
occur  among  the  exotic  species,  then,  as  a  matter  of  course,  T. 
Jlavnnotnla  will  have  to  be  placed  in  the  genus  Hpilographa. 

14.  T,  tetanops  n.  sp.  %  .  (Tal).  XI,  f.  If).)— MHl^a,  capit«  PHt)in- 
tiiUo,  ocMilis  parvis ;  al;p  liyalinnp,  faaciis  <tnal)us  adversns  iii;irj;iiit^in 
posticmu  coiiVfTiifutilins,  striciil^  interJHcta,  iiute  a  coiita  ad  terliiiia 
nsfjUH  VHiiain  ptrtinente,  maciilis  deniqiie  dualms  parvis,  alteril  in  vhikb 
Iniiu'itiiitinalis  Inrtine,  alterd,  in  qiiartne  apice  siti,  fiiscis,  liis  iiiaculi:! 
limbo  luarginis  tenuissiiuo  fusuo  conjuuctiii. 


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246 


NOIITII    A.MBKICAN    TKYPETINA. 


Hoiiey-yellowr,  with  a  rather  tuiiuil  heiid  and  amall  eyes ;  wings  hyaline, 
witli  a  brown  picture,  whicli  consists  of  two  erossbands,  couverL'iiii,; 
towards  the  posterior  margin,  of  a  little  band,  between  both,  reacliing 
from  thecosta  to  the  third  longitudinal  vein  uud  of  two  little  spots  upon 
the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  vein^,  v.  niuh  spots  are  connected  by  a 
narrow  infusoatiou  along  the  'uar^iu  of  the  wing.  Long.  corp.  0.19— 
0.2(1;  long.  al.  0.17—0.18. 

Iloney-yellow,  the  head  of  a  purer  yeliow,  somewhat  tiiinij. 
Front  broad,  with  some  f3catlored,  sliort,  very  delicate  hhickisli 
pile;  its  lateral  bristles  weak.  Frontal  luiiule  very  small.  Eyes 
siiuill,  elongated,  with  a  rather  projecting  anterior  corner.  Face 
descending  straight;  edge  of  the  mouth  blunt,  somewhat  swollen; 
the  conspicuously  deepened  untennai  furrows  become  nanoutd 
below  and  disappear  in  the  lateral  edges  of  the  mouth  ;  the  part 
of  the  face  between  them  forms  an  acute,  level  triangle;  the 
cheeks  are  remarkably  broad,  beset  with  a  few  short  black  hairs; 
oral  opening  very  small;  clypeus  unusually  little  developed; 
palpi  short,  but  consideraitly  broad,  sparsely  beset  with  sliort, 
black  hairs.  Proboscis  rather  short  and  stout ;  the  stout  sucto- 
rial flaps,  although  somewhat  long,  are  not  prolonged,  nor  folded 
backwards.  The  upper  side  of  the  thorax,  with  the  exception  of 
the  posterior  and  lateral  margins,  which  are  shining,  is  covered 
with  a  thin  ochre-yellow  pollen,  and  hence  opacpie;  the  short  j)Iiw 
ui)on  it  and  the  bristles  are  black;  tiie  number  and  position  of 
the  latter  i.s  the  usual  one ;  of  the  two  pairs  of  bristles  in  front 
of  the  scutelluni,  the  anterior  one  is  inserted  upon  very  small 
dots  of  a  somewhat  darker  color  ;  in  the  proximity  of  the  suture 
there  are  two  similar  dots;  moreover,  the  trace  of  a  slender  dark 
middle  line  is  perceptible.  Scutelluni  shining  honey-yellow, 
rather  convex,  sparsely  beset  with  little  black  hairs  and  bearing 
four  strong  black  bristles.  Pleurae  of  the  same  color  with  the 
scutelluni,  beset  with  black  pile.  Abdomen,  likewise,  shining 
honey-yellow,  in  tne  middle  with  a  trace  of  an  ochre-yellow  dii.^t, 
beset  with  black  pile,  but  without  lunger  bristles.  The  yellow 
feet  have  rather  strong  femora;  the  two  front  femora  are  besit 
with  bristles  upon  the  under  and  upper  side.  Wings  liyalint', 
with  a  piciur;,  which  is  very  like  that  of  the  two  preceding  s{)eeies. 
The  principal  feature  consists  in  two  narrow  brown  transverse 
bands;  the  first,  somewhat  faded  at  its  beginning,  starts  fro'ii 
th(!  end  of  the  stigma  and  runs  perpendicularly  over  the  sniull 
crossveiu  as  far  as  the  proximity  of  the  posterior  margin,  while 


DESCRIPTION    OF   THE    SPECIES. 


247 


the  soc'ond  begins  at  the  tip  of  the  second  lonf^itiiilinol  vtnii  luid 
runs  in  an  oblique  direction  over  the  posterior  orossvein  to  the 
posterior  niar<j^in ;  between  these  two  bands  there  is  a  short, 
brown  one,  extending  from  the  anterior  margin  to  tlie  third 
hjiigitudinal  vein;  it  follows  the  same  direction  as  the  second 
band;  the  tips  of  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  bear 
each  a  snniU  brown  spot  and  these  spots  are  connected  by  a  nar- 
row ))rovvn  shade  along  the  margin  of  the  wing ;  a  small  brown 
spot  covers  the  end  of  the  anal  cell,  which  is  drawn  out  in  an 
acute  point;  the  inner  costal  cell,  the  beginning  of  the  first  basal 
cell,  as  far  as  the  origin  of  the  third  vein,  the  basis  of  the  sub- 
marginal  cell  as  far  as  the  first  brown  cross])and,  the  stigma  and 
the  anal  ctll  are  tinged  with  yellow;  a  yellow  coloring  likewise 
surrounds  that  crossvein,  which  divides  the  second  l)asul  cell  from 
the  discal  cell;  the  basis  of  the  exterior  costal  cell  is  tinged  with 
yellowish-brown.  The  third  longitudinal  vein  is,  in  the  vicinity 
of  its  origin,  densely  beset  with  bristles;  more  sj»arsely  beyond 
that  point ;  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins  somewhat 
diverge  towards  their  end;  tiie  small  crossvein  is  a  little  before 
the  middle  of  the  discal  cell;  the  posterior  crossvein  is  straight 
and  steep. 

Ifdh.  Mexico  (Deppe;   Mns.  Berol.). 

Obaervatiun. — The  i)rincipal  dilVerence  between  this  s])('eies 
and  the  typical  Sinlogrctphfr  (.'(msii^ia  in  the  structure  of  the  head, 
which  has  been  described  alii)ve;  moreover,  the  wings  are  com- 
paratively shorter  and  the  third  vein  has,  as  far  as  its  tip,  an 
entirely  rectilinear  course,  while,  in  all  the  species  of  Spilo- 
(jrapha  (comp.  Tal).  X,  f.  7),  it  is  gently  curved  backwards. 
Should  a  new  genus  be  founded  for  this  single  species,  the  name 
(J'^dicdrrna.  alluding  to  the  structure  of  its  head,  might  be 
adopted  for  it.  It  would  seem  preferable,  however,  until  a 
number  of  allied  sjX'cies  becomes  known,  to  let  2\  IrhDiapx 
remain  in  the  jfcnus  Hflogropha,  with  wiiieh  it  is  undoubtedly 
related  on  account  of  tlie  jfreat  resem!)lance  of  the  ])icture  of  its 
wings  with  that  of  T.  eltvta  and  Htill  more  of  T.  Jiuronoitila. 

la.  T.  sarciliata  Lw.  9.  (Tab.  Xr,  f.  1  ('..)— Sor.iide  lutea,  dorso 
liioriicis  t'ilicrasi'j'lUti,  puiicti.-^rju*'  aliqiint  iii;ijiisiMili«  atris  jiiito,  .Ki'iitfllo 
tuiiiido,  l)iiiiauimato  atro,  alarum  angulo  axillaii  fasciis(iiie  (luatiior 
vai(te  ot)li(|ui><  t»x  luteo  fu.-icis,  veiiis  traiii-VHisirt  nliliiiiiis  et  valde 
appruxiuiatid,  cellulil  di^coidali  adversud  basiiu  valdu  angu.statil. 


If  <i  ■ 


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248 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPETIXA. 


Dingy  clay -yellow,  with  several  deep  black  lots  upon  the  gray  fhoncv- 
dorsum  and  with  a  tumiil  bituberculiite  black  scutelliun  ;  wings  wiih  a 
yellowish-brown  posterior  angle  an<l  four  Vi.iy  obli(iue  yellowi-li-liiown 
crosrtbands,  with  oblique  and  very  approximate  crossvein;!  and  witli  ii 
discal  cell  which  is  gradually  attenuated  towards  its  basis.  Long.  imp. 
0.28  ;  long.  al.  0.26—0.27. 

Sy.v.  ?TiiihrHis  quadrlfasciata  Macqdakt,  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  p.  22li.     Tab. 
XX.X,  f.  8. 
Trijpttd  snrrindtn  LoEW,  Berl.  Eutom.  Zeitschr.,  VI,  p.  218,  and  IMpt. 
Amer.  Cent.,  I,  88. 

Dark  clay-yellow,  almost  brownish-y'cllow.  The  broad  licad  i-; 
of  a  liirliter  color;  front  very  broad,  on  the  anterior  part  of  tlu; 
lateral  margin  with  two  bristles,  and  before  them,  near  the  orbit, 
with  a  small  black  dot.  Antenna)  yellowish,  by  far  not  rem  Iiiiii: 
the  edjre  of  the  mouth.  Face  somewhat  excavated,  but  very  littli! 
procruding  towards  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  broad  and  with  bruMil 
orbits  along  the  eyes.  Cheeks  rather  broad,  with  a  small  bhick 
.«pot  near  the  lower  corner  of  the  eye.  Oral  opening  transver.-cly 
oval ;  proboscis  and  palpi  yellowish,  short,  entirely  withdrawn  in 
the  oral  opening;  the  usual  frontal  bristles  black;  the  pile  on  the 
cheeks,  l)elow  the  black  dot  which  occurs  upon  them,  blackisii ; 
the  remaining  pile  on  the  head  is  whitish.  The  upper  side  of  the 
thorax  seems  to  have  an  almost  black  ground  color,  assumes, 
however,  in  con.sequence  of  the  rather  thick  pollen  wh'ch  covus 
it,  a  gray,  entirely  opaque,  appearance  ;  upon  the  middle  of  tlio 
thora.x,  lengthways,  there  are  three  pairs  of  large,  black,  opa(|ue 
dots,  the  largest,  anterior  pair  being  on  the  transverse  suture,  ilie 
posterior  pair  immediately  in  front  of  the  scutelluin  ;  upon  \Uv 
lateral  margin  of  the  thoracic  dorsum,  the  humeral  callus,  tiie 
callus  in  front  of  the  root  of  the  wings,  and  a  rather  large  ^pot 
above  the  root  of  the  wings  are  not  clothed  with  pollen  and  ratiicr 
shining  black.  The  ordinary  bristles  arc  black;  the  bristk-s  in 
pairs,  along  the  thoracic  dorsum,  are  inserted  upon  tiie  bhick 
dot*,  descril)ed  above,  except  upon  the  anterior  pair  (where  tLty 
may  have  been  rubbed  ofif  iu  the  described  .specimen).  Scuteilum 
shining  black,  remarkably  swollen,  but  with  a  strong  coarctatinii 
along  the  longitudinal  middle  line,  and  thus  appearing  bitnlni- 
culate  ;  each  of  the  tul)ercles  bears  a  strong  bristle,  below  wlmh 
a  second  one,  much  weaker,  seems  to  have  existed.  ]\retathiir:i\' 
and  pleurne  clay-yellow ;  the  immaculate,  glabrous  abdoniiii  is 
of  the   same  color.     Ovipositor  flat,  pointed,  somewhat  loii!-'i  r 


y'r^'f 

:    ■.- 

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''i 

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t'!^ 


'^> 


DESCRIPTION    OP   THE    SPECIES. 


249 


than  the  last  four  alKlotninal  sesrmeiits  taken  together,  of  the 
same  color  with  the  abdomen,  or  somewhat  more  reddish-yelluw, 
bhuk  at  the  extreme  tip  only,  with  scattered,  blackish  pile.     Feet 
dark  chiy-yellow.     Wings  rather  large;  their  picture  consists, 
besides  the  yellowish-brown  posterior  corner,  of  four  oblicpie  yel- 
lowish-brown crossbands,  with  dark-brgwn  borders ;  the  brown 
coloring  which  fdls  the  posterior  corner  is  separated  from  the 
firs',  band  on  the  posterior  half  of  the  wing  only,  and  that  by  an 
ol)li(iue  hyaline  half  band,  lying  in  the  third  posterior  cell,  but 
which  does  not  reach  the  root  of  this  cell ;  a  small,  scpiare  hyaline 
sjtot  near  the  humeral  crossvein  indicates  the  separation  of  the 
iwish-ljrown  coloring  of  the  base  of  the  wing  from  tiie  first 
cri  -sband ;  the  first  and  second  crossbands  are  completely  coales- 
cent  before  the  third  longitudinal  vein;  beyond  this  vein,  they 
are   separated  by   a  hyaline,  very  oblicpie   band,  which   begins 
below  the  basis  of  the  comparatively  long  stigma  and  ends  at  tiie 
tip  of  the  fifth  vein  ;    the  second  and  third  brown  bands  are 
separated  by  a  narrow  hyaline  band,  which  crosses  the  whole 
breadth  of  the  wing,  but  is  almost  interrupted  upon  the  second 
longitudinal  vein  ;  the  third  and  fourth  brov»'n  bands,  the  latter 
of  which  runs  along  the  apex  of  the  wing,  are  entirely  coalescent 
upon  their  anterior  portion;   their  posterior  portion  is  separated 
by  a  narrow,  hyaline,  half  band,  which  does  not  reach  the  third 
longitudinal  vein;  upon  the  last  section  of  the  anterior  margin 
the  brown  coloring  is  somewhat  spotted  and  shows  here  and  there 
a  very  small  pale  drop.     The  venation  shows  the  following  j)ecu- 
liarities ;  stigma  rather  long,  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins 
curved    bai     ■  anis  towards    their  en<l ;    the    very  approximate 
crossveins  ai'«   very  oblique  and  have  tiieir  posterior  ends  nearer 
to  the  apex  of  the  wing  than  the  anterior  ends  ;  the  discal  cell  is 
very  much  contracted  towards  the  basis,  and  very  much  dilated 
towards  the  end;  the  posterior  angle;  of  the  anal  cell  is  drawn 
out  in  a  sharp  point;  the  third  vein  has  scattered  bristles  uiiun 
nearly  its  whole  extent. 
Hab.  South  Carolina  (Zimmerman  ;  Mus.  Berol.). 
Obserfation  1. — In  the  synonymy,  I  have  doul)tfully  ((uoted 
Tcphritia  quadrifa.>'<iata  Macq.  from  Georgia.     It  is  true  that 
Trt/jif'tn  i^r<-^tnfita  is  not  recognizable  in  Macquart's  descriptinn; 
and  if  M^w-^faart's  figures  had  tiie  h'ast  claim  to  faithfulness,  the 
synonymy  of  these  two  species  would  be  out  of  question.     But 


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250 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


with  the  knowledge  we  have  of  the  character  of  Maequart's  pub- 
lications, we  cannot  but  suspect  that  his  species  is  after  all  nothing 
but  the  one  we  have  doscrH;';d  above.  Tiie  position  and  direction 
of  the  crossveins,  as  well  a^  the  general  pattern  of  the  picture  of 
the  wings,  distinctly  show  a  certain  analogy  to  T.  mrcinala.  The 
synonymy  cannot  be  assumed  as  certain,  as  Maccpiart,  in  his 
description,  does  not  mention  either  the  black  dots  on  tiie  thoracic 
dorsum,  or  the  black  coloring  and  the  very  striking  shape  of  tiie 
scutelluni  of  T.  sarcinata;  moreover  his  figure  of  the  wing  shows 
important  discrepancies  in  outline,  venation,  and  picture.  IJv 
all  means,  should  even  the  identity  of  those  species  be  conlirmcd, 
Mac(piart's  name  would  be  lost  for  it,  as  it  has  been  preoccupied 
by  Meigen. 

OlMU'uafioji  2. — The  great  approximation  of  the  crossveins  and 
their  oblique  position  indicate  the  relationship  of  the  present 
species  with  CEdanpis.  It  differs,  however,  in  the  peculiar  shape 
of  the  scutellum,  the  greater  length  of  the  wings,  and  the  shape 
of  the  discal  cell,  which  is  more  attenuated  towards  the  basis. 
TLo  pattern  of  the  picture  of  the  wings  differs  from  that  of  the 
European  and  American  species,  as  far  as  they  are  known.  For 
this  reason,  I  do  not  think  that  it  would  be  well  placed  in  the 
genus  (Edaapis,  and  I  propose  for  it  the  formation  of  a  new  genus. 
Penmyma.  The  position  and  direction  of  the  crossveins,  as  well 
as  the  picture  of  the  wings  (the  second  crossband  of  which,  as  in 
(Edo.tpis,  incloses  both  crossveins),  remind  of  Trypcta  ohliqua 
Say  and  the  species  related  to  it;  however,  the  structure  of  these 
latter  species  has  too  little  in  common  with  2Z  aarcinata  to  allow 
tht-sr  ju.\ta4)Ositioii  in  the  same  genus. 


16.  T.  discolor  Lw.  %.  (Tab.  X,  f.  1.)— Lute.a,  .ilvlomiiie  iiigro, 
iilanitii  f.i.xiis  qiiutuor  oblicjuis  fusnaiiis,  prim^  ft  secunilii  aiitice,  tcrti^ 
et  (iiuirti  jiostice  coiinexis,  ven&  longitudiuali  terlii  selosa,  veuisque 
traii.sversis  valde  approxiiuati^. 

Clay-yellow,  with  a  black  abdomen;  wings  with  four  oblique  infuscated 
bands,  the  first  and  senond  of  wliicli  are  connected  anteriorly,  the  third 
and  fourtli  posteriorly  ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  beset  with  bristles  ; 
crossveiuii  V**!/  much  approximated.     Long.  corp.  0.13;  long.  al.  O.IT). 

Syn.    Tfi//)(i(i  discolor  LoEw,  Mouogr.,  I,  p.  64.     Tab.  II,  f.  1. 

J/oh.   Cul)a. 

This  pretty  species  is  so  closely  allied  to  T.  ohliqua  Say,  that 


'.'  r- 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   SPECIES. 


2:)i 


geiierically  tliey  cannot  bo  separated;  the  sy.stoiniitie  position  of 
these  two  species  and  of  some  Soutli  American  onus,  related  to 
them,  will  be  discussed  below  (seo  the  last  observation  to  the 
next  following  species). 

11.  T.  obliqiia  Say.  %  ?.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  14.)— Flava,  thoracis  dorso 
positicH  atro-bipuiiutati),  abdoiuiue  maris  utriiUiUH  puiiutis  atris  in  suriuia 
dispositis  quatuor,  fneiriinae  quiiiiiuu  iiotato,  alie  liyaliiiie,  t'asuiis  quatuor 
obliquis  liavis  et  fusoo-iuargiuatis  variegatiB. 

Yellow,  with  two  deep-black  puuctifonu  dots  on  the  posterior  end  of  t)ie 
thoracic  dorsum,  ami  on  each  side  of  tiie  abdomen  with  rows  of  four 
siiuilar  dots  in  the  luale,  and  of  live  in  the  female;  wings  hyaline  with 
four  oblique,  yellow  crossbands,  borderjd  with  brown.  Long.  corp. 
0.12—0.14;  long.  al.  0.13—0.14. 

Syn.    Trypeta  ohliqua  Say,  Journ.  Acad.  Phil.,  VI,  p.  186,  3. 
Trijpeta  uhliqua  LoEW,  Mouogr.,  I,  p.  90. 

Say's  description,  with  the  additions  given  by  Baron  Osten- 
Saeken  in  these  Monographs,  Yul.  1,  p.  100,  is  sufliciont  fur  the 
identification  of  this  pretty  species.  I  would  only  add  tiiat  in  ail 
the  specimens  examined  by  me,  the  males  had  four,  the  females 
five  black  dots  on  each  side  of  the  abdomen,  and  that  all  the 
specimens  showed  three  deep  black  dots  on  the  posterior  jiart  of 
the  pleurae  ;  one  immediately  above  the  middle  coxa),  the  second 
above  the  hind  ones,  the  third  crescent-shaped,  surrounding  the 
basis  of  the  stem  of  the  halteres.  Ovipositor  abont  as  long  as 
the  last  two  abdominal  segments  taken  together,  of  the  same 
coloring  as  the  abdomen,  very  little  infuscated  at  the  end. 

Ilab.  Indiana  (Say) ;  Pennsylvania  (Osteu-Sacken ;  on  Fer- 
nonia  in  August)'   Texas  (Belfrage). 

Observation  1. — I  am  in  doubt  whether  Trypeta  ohliqua  also 
occurs  in  Brazil.  The  specimens  generally  labelled  with  this  name 
iu  the  collections,  seem  to  belong  to  a  ditlerent,  although  closely 
resembling  species.  They  are  usually  somewhat  larger  than  the 
North  American  specimens  of  T.  ohliqua  Say ;  the  pile  on  the 
whole  body  as  well  as  the  bristles  on  the  third  vein  are  somewhat 
longer;  moreover,  I  notice  on  the  sides  of  the  aI)doinen  of  the 
male  only  two,  of  the  female  only  three  black  d(jts ;  not  fully 
colored  specimens  do  not  show  any  trace  of  the  three  bhuk  s[)ots 
on  the  posterior  part  of  the  pleuroe,  as  they  occur  in  T.  ohliqua; 
better  colored  specimens  have  a  trace  of  the  two  posterior  spots 


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252 


NORTH    AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


only.  In  all  otlior  respects  the  af^roeniont  with  T.  ohliqua  is  so 
great,  tliat  I  do  not  dare  to  decide  whether  thi.s  Brazilian  Tri/),r(a 
is  a  distinct  species  or  merely  a  variety  of  2\  obliqua.  Il  is  not 
to  be  confounded  with  another  Brazilian  sjiecies,  which  is  con- 
siderably larger,  and  of  which  I  possess  only  the  female.  1  let 
its  description  follow  : — 

T.  bisci'iata  n.  sp.  9- — Trypptse  obliqnse  Say,  quam  magnitndine 
supt^rat,  Kiiuillima,  sed  capita  proportione  niajore,  pilis  totiiis  corpmis 
longioribuH,  pluiiris  iiiniiauulatis,  alii)  iniiuia  pure  hyaliuis  et  uellul.i 
ba^ali  secuuda  nou  liyaliua,  sed  lut<;4  distinuta. 

Very  like  T.  obliqua  Siiy,  but  larger,  with  a  comparatively  larger  lie.i.l, 
longer  pile  ou  the  whole  body  and  unspotteil  pleurae  ;  wings  of  a  le?s 
puie  liyaline;  seton<l  basal  cell  not  colorless,  but  yellow.  Long,  coip, 
0.17—0.18;  long.  al.  0.22—0.23. 

Coloring  and  picture  of  the  body  similar  to  the  female  of  T.  ohliijua  S.'iy, 
especially  the  two  black  dots  upon  the  iiosterior  portion  of  the  tlioracio 
dorsum  and  the  five  black  dots  upon  eacli  side  of  the  abdomen ;  the  lil.u  k 
dots  which  7'.  obliqua  has  on  the  posterior  portion  of  tlie  pleurre  are 
entirely  wanting  here.  The  pile  on  tlie  whole  body  is  much  longer,  lil;uk 
upon  the  abdomen  and  especially  striking  upon  tlie  pisterior  edge  of  its 
first  segment.  The  head  is  proportionally  larger.  The  wings  are  com- 
paratively somewhat  broader  and  their  surface,  especially  towards  the 
posterior  margin,  is  a  little  more  dusky  ;  the  first  and  third  longitudinal 
veins  are  beset  with  much  longer  bristles;  tiie  venation  agrees,  in  the 
main,  with  that  of  T,  obliqna;  the  picture  of  the  wings  also  is  very  much 
alike,  only  the  dark  portions  of'  it  are  less  brownish-black  and  more 
diluted;  the  last  two  yellow  bands  are  much  less  extensive;  the  second 
basal  cell,  which  in  T.  obliqna  is  always  hyaline,  is  altogether  tinged  with 
clay-yellow  here.  The  ovipositor  is  about  as  long  as  the  last  two  abdo- 
minal segments  taken  together,  and  is  broadly  truncate  at  the  end. 

Ilab.  Brazil. 

Observation  2. — Trype.ta  dhcolor  and  obliqua  Say,  as  well  as 
the  T.  biseriata  described  in  the  preceding  observation,  arethrc'.' 
very  closely  resembling  species,  agreeing  in  all  the  priiici|i!il 
characters.  They  have  no  immediate  relatives  in  Europe,  with 
which  Ihoy  could  be  placed  in  the  same  genus  ;  however,  tlicv 
are  somewhat  allied  to  CEdaxpi.^,  as  they  have  the  direction  of  the 
crossveins  and  the  course  of  the  second  crossbaiid,  ccn-eriiig  the 
crossveins,  in  common  with  that  group  ;  in  almost  all  tlie  dtiirr 
important  characters  they  show  striking  difTcrenccs.  I  pi'0])nso, 
therefore,  the  formation  of  a  new  genus  for  them,  which  I  call  J'la- 


.^i 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   SPECIES. 


2,-)  3 


giotoma.  The  characters  of  this  poiuis  are  as  follows :  In  the 
structure  of  the  head  and  of  its  i)arls  and  of  the  scutcllum  it 
resembles  Acidia  very  much;  the  8<nit('llum,  provided  with  four 
hristles,  is  convex,  without  ai)i)eariiig  swollen  ;  the  shape  of  the 
abdomen  likewise  reminds  one  of  the  species  i)i  Avidia;  the  ovi- 
positor also  has  a  similar  slrneture,  I)ut  is  lon<;or  than  in  Acidin, 
rather  broadly  truncate  at  the  end.  Wings  rather  large,  with  a  dis- 
tinctly convex  anterior  margin  ;  the  first  and  third  veins  are  dis- 
tinctly liristly ;  the  crossveins  arc  very  much  apimjxiniatcd  ;  their 
posterior  end  is  nearer  to  the  apex  of  the  wing  than  the  anterior 
one;  the  last  section  of  the  fourth  vein  forms  a  bow,  the  convex 
side  of  which  is  turned  towards  the  anterior  margin,  so  that  it 
distinctly  diverges  at  the  end  from  the  end  of  the  third  vein,  which 
is  much  more  straight;  the  posterior  corner  of  the  anal  cell  is 
drawn  out  in  an  acute  point.  The  picture  of  the  wings  consists 
of  four  very  oblique  crossbands,  the  second  of  which  runs  over 
both  crossveins;  the  last  crossband  forms  a  border  along  the  apex 
of  the  wing. 

18.  T.  palposa  Lw.  %.  (Tab.  X,  f.  9.)— Lntea,  alidoniine  puiuto- 
ruiu  iiigroruin  seriebus  quatuor  picto  ;  aire  liyaliiiae,  fasciis  tiilms  >oiili.lH 
liiteis,  priuid  et  secundil  peipyiulii^ularilms  et  paiallelis,  teitii  inargiiiali 
et  inde  a  praecuduute  u^qiie  ad  cellulse  posterioiis  Stiuuudse  apiceiu  p«^r- 
tineute. 

Clay-yellow,  with  four  longitudinal  rows  of  black  dots  on  the  abdomen; 
wings  hyaline  with  three  crossbands  of  a  dingy  clay-yellow,  the  fust  two 
of  which  are  perpendicular  and  parallel ;  the  third  forms  a  bonier  along 
the  margin  of  the  wing,  reaching  from  the  second  band  to  the  end  of 
the  second  posterior  cell.     Long.  corp.  0.26 — 0.27  ;  long.  al.  0.2G. 

Syn.   Tri/peta  paJposa  LoEW,  Monogr.  I,  p.  74,  8.     Tab.  II,  f.  9. 

The  quoted  description,  drawn  from  an  indifferently  preserved 
male,  is  sufiBcient  for  the  identification  of  the  species.  ]  will  only 
notice  here  that  in  the  first  line  of  that  description,  Ccdi'rh.,  must 
be  read,  instead  of  CederJi,  and  that  on  page  7.5,  line  4,  the  ex- 
pression "  the  edge  of  the  tip"  means  the  third  band,  which  forms 
a  l)order  along  the  last  portion  of  the  anterior  margin  and  the 
apex  of  the  wing. 

IJab.  Xorthern  Wisconsin  Kiver  (Kennicott). 

Observation. — The  present  species  is  a  type  of  the  genus 
Tn/pefa,  in  the  narrower  sense,  as  defined  in  my  Monograpli  of 
the  European    Trypetina.      It  belongs  in  the  group  of  those 


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254 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TUYPETINA. 


Bpocios  which  are  related  to  Tn/peta  arctii  Dcg.  and  arc  ahiin- 
dantly  represented  in  the  European  fauna.  The  most  salient 
features  of  'Tnjju'la  sensu  strict,  arc  also  the  Khni)e  of  the  head, 
as  well  as  the  hIzc  and  jiosition  of  tho  rather  hroad  palpi,  which 
reaeli  heyond  the  somewhat  projectinj?  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth. 
As  these  characters  are  ea.sier  to  jjcrceive  than  to  describe  in  a 
few  words,  the  present  species  deserves  to  be  studied  as  a  type 
of  Trijjit'ta  in  the  narrower  sense. 

19.  T.  florescentiac  Lin.  %  J  . — Ex  flavo-viresci'ns,  tlior.icis  disco 
iiigriciiiito,  postiee  br«viter  bifido,  maculis  alarum  liyaliiianun  qnatuor 
nigris,  interiuediis  f«re  contiguis,  aut  iu  fasciam  perpeudicularem  con- 
fluuiitibua. 

Yellowish-green;  tlie  blackish  color  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  which  does 
not  reach  the  lateral  margin  is  slightly  bifid  posteriorly  ;  the  liyaline 
vvings  show  four  black  spots,  the  two  intermediate  ones  of  which  are 
almost  contiguous,  or  confluent  in  a  perpendicular  crossbaud.  Long. 
Corp.  %  0.17,  ?  cum  terebrA  0.20—0.21;  long.  al.  0.18. 

Syn.  ifuscaJlnrescentUe  Linxe,  Syst.  Nat.  X,  p.  601,  0!).! 
Musca  rujicituda  Fabuicids,  Enl.  Syst.  IV,  p.  353,  1G9. 
Tejihrilis  punctata  Fallen,  Act.  Holm.  1814,  p.  167,  12. 
Trjipetajlorescentia  MIcioen,  Syst.  Beschr.  V,  p.  321.    Tab.  XLVIII,  f.  3. 
Tnipeta Jloreacfntla  Loew,  Germar's  Zeitschr.  V,  p.  338.     Tab.  I,  f.  1."). 
Trijptta  florescentiat  LoEW,  Europ.  Bohrfl.  59,  11.     Tab.  IX,  f.  2. 

Palo  yellowish-green.  Front,  third  antennal  joint,  and  palpi 
nsually  of  a  much  more  vivid  yellow.  Eyes  very  much  rounded. 
Face  short,  excavated;  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth  distinctly 
projecting.  Antennae  rather  short;  the  longer  bristle  upon  tlie 
second  antennal  joint  but  little  conspicuous.  Palpi  comparatively 
long,  reaching  beyond  the  anterior  edge  of  the  oral  opening. 
Thoracic  dorsum  blackish,  with  the  exception,  however,  of  the 
lateral  border  and  of  a  cuneiform  beginning  of  a  middle  stripe, 
starting  from  the  posterior  end,  and  which  renders  the  bhuk 
coloring  bifid  posteriorly.  Scutellum  immaculate,  except  on  tlie 
nndcr  side  of  the  lateral  angles,  and  provided  with  four  bristles. 
Metathorax  black.  Pleurae  more  or  less  infuscated,  sonictinies 
rather  blackish-brown,  with  a  yellowish-green  longitudinal  stripe 
upon  their  upper  side  and  another  across  the  middle.  Abdomen 
with  four  rows  of  conspicuous  black  spots;  its  pile,  in  both  sexes, 
is  usually  whitish;  however,  along  the  posterior  margin  of  tlio 
single  segments,  some  black  hairs  are  usually  inserted ;  the  ]a*t 


\  ■     •■■«•„•■ 


DESCUirtlOX   OP   THE   SPECIES. 


255 


pogmont  of  the  abdomen  of  the  male  is  often  clothed  with  nlto- 
petlier  Jtlack  i»ile.  Ovipositor  red  or  brownisi»-red  ;  ut  its  l)asis 
two,  sonietiinos  confluent,  black  spots  arc  visible;  the  extreme 
tip  also  is  usually  black;  in  Icnjfth,  the  ovipositor  hardly  exceeds 
lilt;  last  two  abdominal  segments;  it  is  not  very  much  attenuated 
towards  the  end  and  is  beset  with  black  or  blackish  pile.  Feet 
altogether  pale  clay-yellow.  Wings  hyaline,  with  a  black  or 
rather  blackish  pictun;;  the  outlines  of  this  picture  are  sur- 
rounded, in  immature  specimens,  with  a  purer  hyaline,  in  ri[)er 
ones,  with  a  more  whitish-hyaline  hue;  beyond  this  pellucid 
border,  the  former  kind  of  specimens  show  an  indistinct,  the  latter 
ones  a  more  pronounced  pray  shade ;  the  picture  of  the  wings 
ccmsists  of  four  spots,  very  variable  as  to  their  size  and  the  inten- 
sity of  their  coloring;  the  first  spot  covers  the  stigma  and  usually 
reiiclies  only  as  far  as  the  second  longitudinal  vein ;  the  sec*)iid 
begins  near  the  anterior  margin  immediately  above  the  pttsterior 
crossvein,  thus  leaving  the  tip  of  the  marginal  cell  uncovered  ;  it 
becomes  narrower  and  more  faint  posteriorly,  thus  reaching 
more  or  less  completely  the  anterior  end  of  the  posterior  cross- 
vein  ;  the  third  spot  usually  appears  as  a  I)road  border  along  the 
posterior  crossvein  and  is  more  or  less  coalescent  with  the  second, 
forming  a  perpendicular  crossband;  the  fourth  spot  lies  upon  the 
ape.x  of  the  wing  and  is  more  or  less  triangular,  as  its  inner  limit 
runs  perpendicularly  from  the  tip  of  the  second  vein  to  ihe  fourth 
vein,  which  limits  it  posteriorly;  around  the  small  crossvein  and 
iti  the  environs  of  the  root  of  the  third  vein  there  is  a  more  or 
less  apparent,  sometimes  very  distinct  infuscation. 

Ilab.  Canada  (Mr.  Provanchcr);  common  also  in  all  Europe, 
where  the  larva  inhabits  the  flower-heads  of  different  species  of 
Cirsium. 

OhHervalion  1. — Europe  possesses,  besides  the  variety  of  this 
species,  discovered  by  Mr.  Provanchcr  in  Canada,  another  form, 
distinguished  by  considerably  larger  and  darker  spots  on  the 
wings.  Specimens  of  both  varieties  might  easily  be  taken  for 
different  species;  nevertheless,  passages  from  one  form  to  the 
other  occur  in  the  picture  of  the  wings,  and  I  am  not  able  to 
discover  between  both  the  slightest  i)lastic  difference.  In  Ger- 
mar's  Zeitschrift,  Part  Y,  Tab.  I,  f.  15,  I  have  figured  a  wing  of 
the  first  variety.  An  extreme  instance  of  the  second  variety  is 
figured  in  my  Monograph:  die  Eui-opaisehen  BohrJHerjen,  Tab. 


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NOllTII   AMKIUCAN    TRVrETlNA. 


IX,  f.  2.  Mriffcn's  fiffiiro  (Syst.  T'.o.sclir.  V,  Tab.  XI-VIII,  f.  r.) 
likewise  n'pnjscnts  the  latter  variety,  it  i.s  proliuljle  that  it  will 
also  Ite  loiiiMl  in  America. 

Ohsiri'utiun  2. — Tlu;  jirescnt  ppocics,  ns  well  as  the  proccdiiig, 
beloiigfi  to  the  geiiud  Tnjiteta  in  the  narrower  hi'M.sc. 

30.  T,  polita  LoRvv.  J.  (Till).  X,  f.  1-.)— Afra,  nilida.  pciitfllo 
tiimiclo  coneolDrf,  c.ipitH  pr;eter  facieiii  exallillain  p-'rlil)iH(jue  liitescHii- 
tiliiiM,  alse  all)iil(»-li.valith'e,  iiiacMilil  l)asali  atii,  faxMisqut)  liilm.i  latis- 
siiiiiM  fusco-nigris,  vt-iiis  traiisveiais  valiic  a|i|iriixiiii.ilirt. 

Dfe|)  Mack,  Hliining ;  tlie  tmni'l  sciUellum  i-i  C'lnciilorouH  ;  the  linail,  with 
tlie  exception  of  tlie  whiiisli  faoi-,  aii'l  tliu  fnet  clay-ynlhtwi.Mli  ;  ttio 
whiti.sh-liyaline  wingi^  have  a  deep  black  sput  upon  tliH  haiils  ainl  thr>-M 
very  hroaii  deep  black  crossbaiids ;  the  crossveiii-i  are  \  ry  iniicii 
approximated.  Long.  corp.  9  U.17 — 0.18,  cum  ten  iiiu  0.22;  long.  al. 
0.17—0.18. 

Syn.   Tri/pctd  polita  LoEW,  Monogr.  Vol.  I,  p.  77.     Tab.  II,  f.  12. 

JIah.  Missi.s  >'\  (Sehaum);  Washington,  1).  C  ;  New  York; 
Connecticut  (O.  8.).' 

Observation. — I  have  nothing  to  add  to  the  ahovc-qnotcd 
description.  The  sysleiiiatic  po.^^ition  of  this  species  will  he  dis- 
cussed in  the  .second  renuirk  to  the  lullowing  -pecies. 

ai.  T.  atra  I.w.  %  <^  .  (Tab.  XI,  f.  IT.)— Atra,  uitida,  scntellotumido, 
coiicolore,  capite  praeter  faciein  albidiiiii,  fi'iimruui  apice,  tiliiis  tar-siscjiie 
lutein;  alse  ailiiilo-hyaiinae,  inacul4  basMli  atra,  fasciisqiio  tribus  lalid 
fusco-atris,  venis  transversis  valde  approxiuiatis. 

Deep  black,  shining;  the  tumid  scntellutn  concolorous ;  the  head,  with 
tli»'  exception  of  the  whitish  face,  the  tip  of  the  femora,  the  tibi.-e,  and 
the  tarsi  clay-yellow  ;  the  whitish-hyaline  wings  have  a  deep  black  spot 
upon  the  basis  and  three  broad,  deep  brownish-black  crossbands  ;  cross- 
veins  very  approximate.  Long.  corp.  'J  O.IJ  -0.13,  9  0.13 — 0.14,  cum 
terebrd  0.17—0.18;  long.  al.  O.lS—O.lf). 

Sy.v.    Tri/peta  atra  Lokw,  Berl.  Entoni.  Zeitschr.  VI,  p.  219. 
Tryppta  atra  LoEW,  Dipt.  Amer.  Sept.  Cent.  II,  No.  89. 

Deep  black,  shining.  Front  rather  broad,  of  a  rivid  reddish- 
yellow  ;  the  occllar  triangle,  as  well  as  the  little  stri))es  descen'l- 
ing  from  the  vertex  and  bearing  the  uppermost  bristles  of  vlie 
vertex,  black,  with  a  whitish-gray  pollen  ;  anteriorly,  on  the  lateral 

'  Thig  species  produces  the  galls  on   SnUdago,  described  by  me  in  the 
Trans.  Auier.  Kntomol.  rioc    Vol.  II,  p.  301.  0.  S. 


11  i|i :■-.';  :'■:■ 


,S  ii  <' 


m  .-.."^i- 


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'ill 


DESCUll'TION   OF   THE   SI'KCIKS. 


2;-.  7 


1,;  ■• 


iiinr<rin  of  ilic  front  (licr»'  nro  f>n  ofich  .-ido  two  l)Ia(  K-  liri^tl.  s. 
Aiitciiiia  yt'llow;  tlio  Ijliicki.sli  nrista  distinctly  in('rii>>at('(|  at  the 
liasis.  Faco  wliitisli;  tlic  nntrriur  oral  inarfrin  not  at  all  pio- 
joctiiig.  Cheeks  wliitisli,  under  the  eyes  witli  a  more  or  h'.>s 
iM'owiiisli-red  KjMit.  Oral  opt-ning  rather  round.  rrol)»>seis 
-liort.  I'alpi  short,  l)ut  hroad,  pale  yellowish,  with  some  short, 
whitish  pile.  The  upper  and  ii  iddle  j)art  of  ihe  oeeip.it  for  the 
most  iiart  lihiek.  The  ordinary  frontal  brisljes  and  some  of  the 
hristh'rt  on  tho  cheeks  are  hhick ;  otherwise  the  pile  upon  the 
head  eonsists  of  very  scattered,  bristle-like,  or  stiibhle-shaped 
whitish  hairs,  which  easily  drop  olT.  The  tii)per  side  of  the  thorax 
is  shining  black,  very  convex;  besides  the  tisnal  black  bristl  ,  it 
shows  white,  bristle-like. hairs,  which  border  tiie  ikimded  stripes. 
Metathorax  with  white  pollen;  ita  lower  part  shining  black; 
]il(iiraB  shilling  black,  with  some  rare,  stilf,  iiristlc-Iike  white  hairs. 
Altdomen  short,  shining  black,  at  the  root  of  the  single  segments 
only  somewhat  glos.sy,  in  consc(piene(!  of  a  very  thin  grayish  pollen. 
The  scattered,  very  rough  i)iie  on  the  abilomen  is  whitish;  only 
the  posterior  margin  of  the  segments  and  jtartly  also  the  middle 
line  of  the  abdomen,  have  black  hairs.  Ovipositor  stout,  conical, 
not  flattened,  shining  black,  beset  with  black  pile,  somewhat 
longer  than  the  last  three  abdomiiiiil  segments  taken  togitlier. 
Cox;e  and  femora  shining  black,  only  th(!  front  femora  on  the 
under  side  with  a  few  Ijlack  bristles;  the  tip  of  the  femora,  the 
tii)ite,  and  the  tarsi  brownish-yellow  or  more  reddish-yellow. 
AVings  whitish-hyaline,  short  tind  rather  broad,  with  very  much 
approximated  and  very  jterpendieular  erossveins.  The  extreme 
root  of  the  wings  is  wliitisli ;  next  follows  a  rather  large  and 
almost  deep  black  spot,  reaching  as  far  as  the  axillary  excision, 
and  not  much  beyond  the  basis  of  the  small  basal  cells;  the  first 
two  crossbaiids,  which  follow  next,  are  connected  near  the  anterior 
margin  and  strongly  diverge  towards  .the  posterior  one;  the  first 
of  thi'in  is  even  a  little  broader  than  the  second  and  altogether 
lihick,  while  the  inner  part  of  the  second  is  partly  brown  ;  the 
third  liaiid  is  sejiarated  from  the  second,  near  the  anterior  margin, 
only  by  a  very  narrow*  hyaline  spot;  it  borders  the  apex  of  the 
wing  far  beyond  the  tip  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein,  bm  actu- 
ally touches  the  maririn  of  the  wing  only  beyond  the  tip  of  the 
third  vein;  its  inner  jjortion  is  brown  anteriorly. 

Ifah.  Mexico  (coll.  Wiutli.);   New  York  (Osten-Sacken). 

n 


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■.■».,•  "k.  ■  ...,■'1. 
■        'IV'  I,  '    • 


258 


NORTH   AMKUICAN   TUYI'K.TINA. 


Observation  1. — The  ujiik'ihUmI  lij;iirc  of  tliu  wiiij;  is  taken  fi-din 
a  Mt'xit'un  Hpcciiiion.  Tlie  spt'tininis  wliifli  I  ruccivoil  IVoui  N'lw 
York  (lillcr  from  tho  foriiuT  in  boiiij;  u  lillle  iarjjfcr  uiid  in  Uiu 
circ'uiiistuiicu  thut  the  i'licc  iu  sununvhut  more  uiiuvcn  ;  pcrliiijit 
only  ill  consequence  of  a  slronf^er  (lefsieculioii.  Moreover,  tliu  la>t 
pcction  of  the  fourth  vein  is  a  little  less  curved,  and  tiie  jxisterinr 
end  of  the  fust  croHsbaiid  is  prolonged  further  aionj?  the  iiiiirL'iii 
towards  the  posterior  corner  of  the  wiiiff.  In  all  other  respt'et!* 
the  afrrecment  is  such  that  I  cannot  believe  T.  atra  to  lie  a 
different  species.  From  T.  pnlita  the  present  species  is  easily 
distin},'uished  by  the  much  greater  diverfr<'ney  of  the  seeund  niid 
third  crossbands  on  the  wings,  by  the  al)sence  of  the  i)ale  gray 
border  of  the  crossbands,  which  is  always  perceptible  in  T.  jiohla, 
and  by  the  black  coloring  of  the  femora  ;  moreover,  the  antermr 
part  of  the  lateral  border  of  the  front  bears  only  two  bristles  in 
2\  atra,  while  there  are  throe  in  T.  jiollta.  TIk;  Brazilian  spcrics 
y.  nifjerrima  Locw  is  very  much  like  T.  aim,  nevertheless  they 
are  easily  distinguished.  In  order  to  facilitate  the  coniparison,  I 
let  the  description  of  this  species  follow. 

T.  nigerrima  Lobw.  9.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  is.)— Atra,  nitiil.i,  smtflln 
tuiiiido  coiiooloiH,  tlioracis  raaeiilis  latHr.alilms  iitriiuiiio  biiiis  vcliitiiii", 
aVi.lumine  faHciis  albiilo-polliiiosis  oriiato,  capite  llavo,  poiHbu.^  hx-IVm- 
rugiiieo  lut«ie,  femorilms  tam«n  poriteriorilms  antii'oinmqne  litura  fX- 
fnsco  nigriB ;  alio  albido-tiyalinae,  maculil  l)asali  atrH,  fascii,*()U('  trUnii 
fu8co-atris,  prinid,  latiii!:>im&,  reliquis  luiuus  latis,  veuU  truu.sverMH 
valde  approximatia. 

Deep  black,  shining;  the  tumid  scutellum  concolorous  ;  thoracic  dor-um 
with  two  velvet  black  spots  on  each  side ;  abdomen  with  crossbaiili 
of  white  pollen;  head  yellow;  feet  brownish-yellow,  the  posterior 
femora  and  a  stripe  on  the  front  femora  brownish-black  ;  wings  whitish- 
hyaline  with  a  deep  black  spot  on  the  basis  and  with  tliree  blade 
crossbands,  the  first  of  which  is  very  broad,  the  two  others  less  so; 
crossveiiis  very  much  approximated.  Long.  corp.  0.12 — 0.13  ;  long.  al. 
0.12—0.13. 

Stn.   Tryppta  ni(]errimn  Lokw,  Berl.  Ent.  Zeitschr.  VI,  p.  219. 
Trijpeta  niijprrima  Loew,  Dipt.  Amer.  Sept.  Cent.  II,  p.  89. 

Shining  black.  Head  whitish-yellow  ;  the  rather  narrow  and  steep  fmnt 
much  darker  yellow  ;  the  frontal  bristles  black.  Antennro  dark  yellow, 
rather  large,  especially  the  eloncated  third  joint,  which  has  a  rather  sliarp 
anterior  corner.  Arista  apparently  bare,  rather  slender,  not  ineiassntHl 
towards  its  root,  of  a  pale  color.     P'ace  but  very  little  excavated,  and  very 


'(■*•»■ 


'•• 


f '< 


DKSCRII'TION    OF   THE    SI'EriES. 


2J9 


./■     I 


little  retreating;  tli«  nnterior  f(lc«  of  tli«  month  di^tinotly  prnjectiiiif  in 
tilt*  prolllM.  KycM  f lonnjited.  Ciie^lt^  Hoiiifwliiit  liro.'i'l,  witii  nil  infuMc;itHil 
rpot  iiHur  the  iiift^rior  vomer  of  the  eye,  ami  with  wliite  pile.  Oral 
opeiiliii;  Hinall,  roiimleil.  The  rjither  lirojul  pnlpi  yellowish,  he-<et  with 
wliiti'-h  pill'.  Tht  short  anil  not  jjeiiifiil.ite  prolHMcJTt  clurk  hrown.  Tlif)r;tx 
shilling  hlnck,  with  a  nietiillio  lustre  in  the  niiiMIe  ;  upon  its  liitMral 
border,  on  each  side,  there  nre  twf)  h-irtre,  opMipie,  velvet  hl.ick  spots,  sepn- 
rati'il  hy  the  oriijin  of  the  trnnsverHe  HUtiire,  which  in  tin^'ed  with  yellow. 
The  UHual  bristleit  are  Mack  ;  the  niinilmr  of  pnirri  which  were  inserted 
on  the  thoracic  dorsum  cannot  well  he  ascertained.  Moreover,  the  surface 
of  the  thoracic  dorsum  shows  remains  of  wtill,  yellowish  hairs,  which  seem 
to  liave  Imrdered  the  liioad,  hare  stripes  and  to  have  also  heeii  iiwerted  on 
the  posterior  part  of  the  hroad  middle  line.  Scntellnm  tnr^id,  shining 
Idack,  with  four  hristles.  The  upper  part  of  th"  mctathorax  is  M.ick,  i\A 
ill  most  of  the  allied  speciiH  ;  the  lower  jiortion  is  covered  witli  white 
pollen,  which  does  not  (piite  rench  ItB  lower  iiiaruin.  Femora  with  whitisli 
jiollen  ami  white  hairs;  the  hiuneral  corner,  as  well  as  a  little  stripe 
behind  it,  near  the  upper  mart^in,  nre  velvet  Mack.  Alulomcn  shining 
black  ;  a  thin  whitish  pollen  covers  the  wJiole  anterior  part  of  the  first  seg- 
ment, forms,  upon  the  first,  fiecond,  aixl  third  segments,  a  hand  along  their 
posterior  margin  which  is  perceptibly  expanded  and  sharply  emarginnte 
ill  the  middle;  the  posterior  margin  of  the  fourth  segment  has  a  similar, 
although  narrower,  band.  The  scatteretl  pile  on  the  abdomen  is  black, 
gray  at  its  basis,  in  part  yellowish-white  nj)on  the  last  segment.  The 
flat,  shining  black  ovipositor  is  about  as  long  as  the  three  last  abdominal 
segments  taken  together,  and  is  beset  with  delicate,  black  pile.  Feet  red- 
dish-yellow,  the  middle  and  hind  femora,  with  the  excej)tion  of  theextreme 
root  and  of  the  tip,  brownish-black  ;  tin;  front  femora  have  a  brownish- 
black  stripe  upon  their  upper  side.  Wings  broad,  the  apex  but  little 
rounded,  hyaline,  somewhat  whitish  ;  at  their  basis  there  is  a  larpe  black 
spot,  reaching  into  the  basal  cells;  besides,  there  are  three  black  cross- 
bands,  entirely  coalesceiit  at  the  anterior  margin  of  the  wing  and  diverg- 
ing posteriorly;  the  first  of  them,  which  is  by  far  the  broadest  and  ia 
ratlier  perpendicular,  runs  from  the  stigma,  ovir  the  basis  of  the  discal 
and  of  the  third  posterior  cells,  towards  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wing; 
the  second  band  is  the  narrowest,  and  runs  from  the  stigma  over  both 
crosflveins,  and  hence,  oblicpiely,  towards  the  jtosteiior  margin;  the  third 
band  starts  from  the  stigma  and  follows  the  anterior  margin  and  the  npex, 
as  far  as  the  tip  of  the  fourth  vein,  but,  nevertheless,  remains  separated 
from  the  costal  vein  by  a  narrow,  irregular,  hyaline  interval,  which 
extends  almost  to  its  very  end  ;  near  the  submarginal  cell,  this  interval 
is  a  little  expanded  and  includes  a  punctifoiin  dot,  placed  near  the  third 
vein  ;  the  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  are  a  little  more  distant  fmm 
the  anterior  margin  than  in  most  of  the  relateil  species  ;  both  cro<<veins 
are  very  approximate  ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  ia  beset  wilh  short 
bristles. 
Hub.  Braeil  (coll.  Wlnthem). 


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NORTH    AMERICAN    TRYI'F.TINA, 


Ohfrrrnfion  2. —  7'.  /'o///a  and  aim,  as  well  as  T.  7iiijrrriiiia 
arc  {.'loscly  I't'liiti'd  in  heir  oriranizatiDn.  ^\inoii<^  llic  iMirnpniii 
jl'ri//icl!r,  llir  species  of  tlie  geiiiis  Ocdnxpix  stand  next  to  tlirm, 
especially  when  this  genus  is  confined  to  Orddsju's  viiil/i/dsfidla 
I.(ie\v  and  its  next  con<z(>ners,  at  the  exclusion  of  Ocd.  HV((/c. 
vuinni  Meijj.  and  rrsiiviiina  Costa.  The  American  species  dillcr 
from  the  above-mentioned  Eui'Dpean  ones  (unil/ifafcia/fi  ].w., 
(licliolonia  L\v.,  andyfxsa  Locw)  in  several  characters,  wliidi  lliev 
have  in  common;  the  most  striking  of  these  are:  1.  The  rather 
long,  stul)l)le-shaped  l>ile ;  2.  The  longer  and  more  jjdinted  nvi- 
positor  ;  3,  The  dilfereiit  picture  of  the  wings.  The  latter  dilVer- 
ence  will  he  sufTiciently  apj)arent,  when  the  figures  which  I  giw 
of  the  wings  of  poliln,  alra,  and  nigerrima  are  compared  with 
tlu^  figures  of  the  wing  of  T.  muUifanciala,  produced  in  the 
Europ.  liohrjliegen,  Tab.  VI,  f.  2.  The  pictures  of  T.  fi!<sa  and 
difhotovia  agree,  in  theii  g<'neral  feature.'^,  with  that  of  ttitdli- 
fdKcinla.  These  diiferences  of  the  three  North  American  sjiecii'S 
are  not  of  sufficient  importance  to  rcijuire  the  establishment  of  a 
new  genus  for  them,  and  1  have  not  the  slightest  liesitation  in 
placing  them  in  the  genus  OedasjAs,  iu  the  narrower  sense, 
do  lined  above. 

122.  T.  gi'blia  n.  sp.  9  • — Atra,  nitida,  soutello  tnmido,  coTicolore,  faoie 
iilbiL'aiite,  pedilms  subbadiis  ;  alse  alliido-liyaliiiiB,  niauul^  banali  atii 
fasciisque  tribus  latis  fnsco-atris,  vfiiis  transversis  valde  approxiinatis, 
cellula  iiiargiuali  per  veimlam  transversalera  adventitiam  dissect^. 

Deep  black,  shining;  tlie  turgid  soutelluiii  of  the  same  color;  face 
whitish  ;  feet  chestnut-brownish ;  wings  whitish-hyaline,  with  a  deep 
black  spot  at  the  basis,  and  with  three  brownish-black  crossbanils,  very 
much  approximated  crossveins,  and  a  supernumerary  crossvein  dividing 
ttie  marginal  cell.  Long.  corp.  0.13,  cum  terebr4  0.17 ;  long.  al.  0.14 
—0.15. 

Very  like  the  three  preceding  species  and  closely  allied  to  them, 
nevertheless,  distinguished  in  some  peculiar  plastic  characters. 
Deep  black,  shining.  Front  conspicuously  broad,  of  an  opaipie, 
dirty,  brownish,  more  reddish-brown  on  the  sides;  the  four 
bristles  on  the  posterior  part  of  the  vertex,  the  bristles  near  the 
ocelli,  the  four  bristles  crowded  together  and  inserted  on  the  small 
stripes  running  from  the  vertex  towards  the  front,  finally  two 
bristles  on  each  side,  near  the  lateral  frontal  border,  are  all  l)la<'l<; 
the  latter  two  are  inserted,  one  very  high  up,  the  other  very  low 


%;%„. 


•%.;,f*f.4AI 


rESCRIPTION    OF    THE    Sl'ECIES. 


2r,i 


flnwTi,  so  that  the  distaiioo  In'twccn  tlu'iii  is  r»  markably  larjre. 
Otliorwiso  tlic  head  is  licsct  witli  almost  bristlc-liiic  white  stiil)l)I('- 
t^liiipcd  pile.  Tlie  very  larire  and  8liar|)ly  ddiiH  d  IViiiital  liiimlc, 
tlie  face,  iiit'ludinj^  flic  checks,  and  the  lower  lialf  of  the  occi|)iiL 
are  wliiLish;  tlu;  upi)er  part  of  the  latter  lilackish,  nhlmn^li 
covered  with  whitish  polIe?i.  'I'lie  iieriiendicuhir  diameter  of  the 
eyes  has  aI)out  doid)Ie  the  leiiirth  of  the  horiz<»iita!  one  ;  neverthe- 
less, the  cliceks  are  reniiiikahly  l)roiid  ;  a  Itrowiiish  stripe  runs 
from  jt ho  h)wer  corner  of  tiii;  eye  perpendicularly  towards  the 
edge  of  the  mouth  ;  the  hairs,  iiiserteil  npon  its  lower  end,  arc 
brownish-hlack  or  hlack.  The  first  two  antennal  joints  are  clay- 
yollowisli;  the  third  joint  is  dark  hrown,  rather  large,  short-oval 
in  outline;  arista  bare,  not  iiicrassated  at  the  basis,  black.  Oral 
opeiung  larger  than  in  the  i)reicdiiig  species;  its  transverse 
diameter  comparatively  larger;  proljoscis  and  ])alj)i  short,  brown. 
The  very  convex  thora.x  and  the  turgid  seutellum  are  deep  black, 
pliining,  with  a  very  weak  metallic,  violet  reflection;  the  remark- 
ably broad  lateral  stripes  and  the  anterior  end  of  the  broad  middle 
strifie  are  bare.  The  lateral  Btripes  are  l)ordered  with  coarse, 
yellowish,  stubble-shaped  pile,  and  the  posterior  two-thirds  of  the 
middle  stripe,  besides  being  covered  with  white  pollen,  are 
densely  beset  with  similar  hairs.  The  ordinar}'  bristles  of  the 
thoracic  dorsum  are  black,  and  more  numerous  than  usual,  as 
there  are  four  pairs  of  them  along  the  longitudinal  ndddle  line, 
the  anterior  pair  being  inserted  immediately  in  front  of  the 
transverse  suture.  The  shining  black  metathorax  has,  under  the 
swelling  lyi'ig  immediately  under  the  seutellum,  a  crossband  of 
thick  white  pollen.  The  pleurue  show  upon  tlie  greater  part  of 
their  upper  half,  a  thin,  whitish-gray  pollen,  and  are  everywiiere 
beset  with  stubide-like  white  hairs.  The  abdomen  seems  to  be 
covered  everywhere  with  a  thin  gray  dust,  whicli  is  somewhat 
more  dense  and  more  whitish-gray  upon  the  posterior  border  of 
the  single  segments ;  its  rather  long  Htubl)le-like  pile  is  white. 
The  comparatively  long  and  pointed  o.ipositor  is  deep  black, 
shilling,  and  beset  with  short,  fine,  iilaek  pile.  Feet  chestnut- 
brownish.  Wings  short,  rather  iiroad  in  proportion  to  their 
length;  the  altogether  bhu'k  venatinn  is  very  .similar  to  that  of 
the  immediately  preceding  spei  ies,  e.\'ce])t  that  the  comparatively 
broad  niarirlMal  cell  is  (livide(l  in  two  halves  by  a  perpendiciihir 
crossvein,  which  toiichea  the  costii  at  a  point  perceptibly  nearer 


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NORTH    AMERICAN    TRYPETINA. 


from  tlic  tip  of  the  first  than  from  tliat  of  tlic  secoiul  vein.  I  take 
this  crossvein  to  be  a  constant  charat'ter  of  the  spct-its,  as  it 
exists  on  both  wings  of  luy  specimen,  and  as  several  closely  alliid 
Trypetidae,  for  instance  Gonyyl.  Wie.demanni  and  C'apnun.  vfsu- 
viana,  have  it  likewise,  although  incompletely  developed.  The 
picture  of  the  wings  is  not  unlike  th.?;  of  T.  atra,  in  its  design 
as  well  as  in  its  coloring;  the  black  s|)ot  ui)on  the  ba<is  of  the 
wings  does  not  cover  their  extreme  root,  and  extends,  on  the 
anterior  margin,  only  very  little  beyond  the  humeral  crossvein  ;  it 
hardly  reaches  beyond  the  first  longitudinal  vein,  and  dissolves  in 
several  radiating  points,  which  occupy  the  longitudinal  middle  of 
the  marginal  and  of  the  three  basal  cells  and  almost  conic  in  ('()ii- 
tact  (except  the  hindmost),  with  similar  rays,  meeting  them  from 
the  opposite  side  and  emitted  by  the  first  crossband;  the  first 
black  crossband  has  almost  the  same  position  as  in  the  three  ]»re- 
ceding  species,  but  it  is  much  narrower,  especially  towards  its 
end,  which  reaches  the  posterior  margin;  its  interior  does  not 
show  any  brownish  tinge.  The  second  band  runs  over  both  cross- 
veins,  exactly  as  it  does  in  those  three  species,  and  is  connected 
with  the  first  on  the  anterior  margin  in  the  same  manner  as  this 
is  the  case  in  T.  atra;  the  stigma,  lying  within  this  connecting 
portion,  is  very  slv  "i  the  veins  surrounding  it  have,  on  the 
inner  side,  a  very  nairow  hyaline  border;  the  interior  of  the 
second  band  is  for  the  most  part  brownish.  The  last  black  band 
begins  in  the  marginal  cell  somewhat  beyond  the  supernumerary 
crossvein  in  this  cell,  and  reaches  some  distance  beyond  the  end 
of  the  fourth  vein;  as  far  as  this  vein,  it  is  separated  from  the 
margin  of  the  wing  by  a  narrow  hyaline  border,  which  somewhat 
projects  on  the  inside  on  the  second  and  third  veins;  beyond  the 
fourth  vein  the  band  comes  in  immediate  contact  with  the  margin 
of  the  wing;  the  inside  of  this  baud  is  brownish  upon  the  ante- 
rior two-thirds  of  its  course. 

Hah.  Texas  (Beirrage). 

Obt^ervnlion. — The  diflierences  between  the  present  species  and 
the  three  preceding  ones  are  evident:  they  consist  in  an  al)errant 
arrangement  of  ihe  bristles  of  the  front  and  of  the  thoracic  dorsnm, 
in  the  size  and  shape  of  the  third  antennal  joint,  and  in  the  jire- 
sence  of  the  crossvein,  dividing  the  marginal  cell  ;  nevertheh'ss 
the  atrreement  between  those  species  in  most  of  the  other  plastic 
characters,  in  the  chape  of  the  body  and  in  the  picture  of  the 


DESCIUPXION    OF    THE    SPECIES. 


263 


wings,  is  conviueiiif^  tnougli  to  remove  all  doubt  us  to  its  loca- 
tiou  iu  the  genus  (Udaajjis. 

23.  T.  Cingulafa  Lw.  %  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  11.)— Nigra,  capile  pedi- 
busquo  luteis,  Ihoracirf  iiiaigine  hiterali  suut«lloqu«  piaeter  iiiargiims 
lateraleH  et  antic-um  dilute  llavi.s,  luargine  postico  segiueiitoruia  altdo- 
luinalium  siiiguluruui  albidu  ;  alse  hyalina;,  inaoul^  parvu,  upiuis  fas- 
ciisque  quatuor  fusco-iiigris,  harum  duabus  primis  postiue  abbieviatio  et 
libei'is,  duabud  uUiiuis  iutegris  ut  antice  conjuuctis. 

Blacik,  head  and  feet  clay -yellow;  lateral  border  of  tlie  tliorax  and  the 
suiitelluin.  the  latter  with  the  exi!e|)tiou  of  the  anterior  and  lateral 
border,  light  yellow;  abdominal  segments  whitish  on  the  posterior 
border ;  wings  hyaline  ;  a  small  spot  ujion  the  apex  and  four  crossbands 
brownish-black  ;  tlie  first  two  band8  abbreviated  posteriorly  and  not 
connected  ;  the  two  posterior  ban<l3  are  entire  and  connected  ou  the 
anterior  margin.     Long.  corp.  0.14 — 0.22;  long.  al.  (t.l5 — 0.20. 

Syn.    Trijpeta  cinijulata  LoEW,  Monogr.  I,  7t'      Tab.  II,  f.  11. 

Ilab.  Middle  States;  Loug  Braucb,  N.  J.,  in  July  (Osten- 
Sack(Mi). 

Obxervation. — The  doseription  given  by  mo  in  the  first  i)art  of 
these  Monographs  will  easily  liol})  to  identify  this  species.  I 
have  nothing  to  add  to  it,  but  must  call  attention  to  tlie  great 
variation  in  the  size  of  dill'erent  specimens.  The  smallest  ones 
which  I  possess,  are  without  exception  nuilcs.  T.  ciiKjiduhi  is 
closely  allied  to  the  European  species  of  lUingolctU,  especially  to 
R.  jlavicincta  Loew ;  ils  systematic  location  is,  therefore,  not 
doubtful. 


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24.  T.  tabellaria  Fitch.  9. — Atra,  capite,  trochanterihns,  tibiis 
tarsisque  dilute  luteis,  thoracis  margine  laterali  scutelloiiue  pr;eter 
margines  laterales  albis  ;  Hemnentoriiiu  ali(l(imiiialiuiii  siiigulDi  iim  mar- 
gine postico  exalbido  ;  alio  puie  hyaliuie,  fasiiis  iiuaumr  latis  nigris, 
duabus  primis  postice,  duabus  ultimis  antice  cohierentibus. 

Deep  black;  head,  second  joint  of  the  coxse,  tibiae,  and  tarsi  yellow; 
lateral  bonier  of  the  thorax  and  siMitelluni,  witli  the  except;, .u  of  the 
anterior  and  the  lateral  borders,  white;  the  jjosterio.'  borders  of  the 
abdominal  segments  whitish  ;  wings  of  a  pure  hyalin*-  with  four  broad, 
black  crossbands,  of  whicdi  the  first  two  are  connected  a*  tlie  posterior, 
the  last  two  at  the  anterior  margin.  Long.  corp.  0.14 — 0.15  ;  I'.ug.  al. 
0.14—0.1.'). 


Syn.   Tepliritis  tabellaria  Fitch,  First  Report,  p.  G6. 


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204 


NORTH    AMEllICAN   TRVPETIXA. 


Sliining  black;  head  yellowisli;  occiput  hliick,  with  a  pale  vr  1- 
low  border;  front  broad,  more  brigiit  yellow  ;  only  the  spot  upmi 
whicii  the  ocelli  are  placed  and  the  sniall,  very  narrow  .stripes, 
which  run  down  from  the  vertex  upon  the  front,  are  of  a  bhicki-li 
color;  the  usual  frontal  bristles  are  black.  Antenna;  of  a  vivid 
ochre-yellow ;  th(jir  la.st  joint  is  elongated-oval,  obtuse  at  tiie  ciid  ; 
arista  blackish,  with  a  hardly  perceptible  pul)cscence.  OimI 
opening  rather  large,  somewhat  longer  than  broad;  its  antcrinr 
edge  drawn  up,  but  not  projecting  in  the  profile.  l'rol)oscis  anl 
jjul])!  short,  brown,  the  latter  more  day-yellow  towards  the  tiji. 
The  thoracic  r.')r.sum  shows  two  longitudinal  stripes,  rather  dis- 
tant from  each  other,  somewhat  abbreviated  posteriorly  niid 
covered  with  a  thin,  white  pollen;  upon  the  anterior  part  of  the 
thoracic  dorsum  a  similar  pollen  covers  not  oidy  the  interval 
between  the  stripes,  but  also  extends  beyond  them.  The  whole 
of  this  pollen,  however,  is  but  little  conspicuous  and  seems  to  lie 
easily  rui)bed  oil".  The  humeral  angle  anil  a  stripe  running  from 
it  towards  the  root  of  the  wings,  are  white.  The  Hat  seutelluiu, 
with  the  exception  of  its  lateral  border,  has  the  same  color, 
^[etathorax  without  any  pollen,  altogether  shining  deep  blacli. 
The  usual  bristles  of  the  thorax  and  the  four  bristles  of  the  scu- 
tellum  are  deep  black.  The  other  hairs  on  the  thoracic  dorsum 
are  very  short  and  delicate.  Abdomen  shining  l)lack ;  its  lirst 
two  segments  are  more  opaque,  being  clothed  with  a  brownish- 
black  i>ollen.  The  first  three  segments,  upon  their  posterior  mar- 
gin, have  a  crossband  of  a  whitish  pollen.  The  very  short  ami 
soft  hairs  upon  the  abdomen  are  black;  the  ]taler  crossbands 
upon  the  ])osterior  border  of  the  first  three  segments  show  some 
whitish  hairs;  the  bristles  upon  the  sides  of  the  intermedi- 
ate segments  and  upon  the  rather  large  last  segment  are 
black.  Ovipositor  shorter  than  the  last  abdominal  segment, 
broad  at  the  basis,  much  narrower  at  the  end,  shining  black 
and  with  a  black  pubescence.  Second  coxal  joint  pale  clay-;  ^'1- 
lowish.  Femora  black,  only  the  extreme  tip  yellowish-brown  ; 
tibiiB  and  tarsi  pale  clay-yellowish  ;  the  former  somewhat  more 
brownish  at  the  basis;  the  bristles  upon  the  upper  side  of  the 
liind  tibiie  are  remarkably  short.  Wings  pure  hyaline,  almost 
whitish  hyaline,  with  four  entire  black  crossliands,  the  first  of 
which  of  a  medium  breadth,  the  thn f  rth^r*  very  broad  The 
first  baud  is  somewhat  oblique  ai'^  betjiari  on  ch'»  liumeral  cross- 


If 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE    SPECIES. 


205 


Toin  ;  tlio  seooiid  is  pcrpciuliculu.-  iiid  begins  on  the  ptifrmn;  both 
cuiivcrLro  posteriorly  and  coaK'scc  (piile  a  distance  tVoni  tlic 
jxistcrior  margin,  so  tiiat  tiie  cunciforin  hyaline  space  between 
tlieni  does  not  reach  beyond  tlie  anterior  angle  of  tlie  basis  of 
the  third  posterior  cell.  The  third  black  band  runs  over  the 
posterior  crossveia  and  is  ])aral!el  to  the  second  band,  so  that 
between  both  there  is  a  soiiu'what  irregularly  limited  hyaline 
crossliand,  which  is  percei)til)ly  dilat<'d  between  the  third  longi- 
tndiind  vein  and  the  anterior  nnirgin;  it  reaches  the  latter 
immediately  l)ehind  the  stigma;  the  posterior  end  of  the  third 
blind  shows  some  inclination  to  coalesce  with  the  second  band 
near  the  posterior  nuirgin.  The  fourth  band  comjtletely  coalesces 
with  the  third  between  the  costa  and  the  second  loniritudinal 
vein,  and  follows  the  nnirgin  of  the  wing  some  distance  beyond 
the  end  of  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein;  between  the  tips  of  tli<3 
second  and  fourth  veins,  however,  there  i.5  a  rather  broad  hyaline 
interval  between  it  and  the  margin;  beyond  this  point,  it  touches 
the  margin  completely. 

llab.   New  York  (Dr.  A.  Fitch);  Canada  (Mr.  Provanchor). 

Ob^i'rralion. — In  the  first  volume  of  the  Monographs  I  ex- 
pressed the  supposition  that  the  Tephrilta  labidlaria  of  Fitch 
may  not  be  a  Trtjpeta  at  all,  but  an  OrtaUda;  this  supposition, 
however,  proved  to  be  erroneous ;  it  is  a  Trijpclida,  "belonging 
to  the  genus  Rhagolelis. 


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25.  T.  pomonella  Walsh.  9  .— Fnsco-nigra.  capite,  trochanterilnis, 
feiiioniui  apice,  tibiis,  tarsiscpie  lutei^^,  thoracis  margiiie  lateral!,  soutd- 
loque  praetur  inargiuHs  lattrales  et  antioum  all)is,  alulouiinis  colore  in 
piceuin  vergeute,  seginentorum  inarginihuH  po.sticis  coiifertiin  all)i(lo- 
poilinosis,  terebrd,  latissiina,  sed  brj'vi ;  aim  hyaliiia>.  fasciis  (piatuor 
nigris,  prima,  subbasali,  rwliquis  tribus  integria.autice  conjuuctis,  postice 
divergentibup. 

Brownish-black;  head,  s«cond  joint  of  the  coxne,  tip  of  the  f«mora,  til)i^, 
au'l  tarsi  clay-yellowish;  lateral  margin  of  the  thorax  and  s-'ntelliiin, 
the  latter  with  the  exception  of  its  nsis  ana'  of  its  lateral  inarL'ins, 
whiie;  altdomen  more  i)itch-brown.  w  th  crosshai  ds  of  wJiite  pollen  on 
the  posterior  margins  of  the  segniei.ts  .  ovipositor  very  broad,  lint  short ; 
wings  hyaline,  with  four  black  crossbands,  the  first  of  whiidi  lies  near 
the  basis,  the  last  three  are  connected  near  the  anterior  iiiarfzin  ;nid 
divergent  toward-  the  posterior  one.  Long.  corp.  0.17,  cum  teiebii 
0.19;   lun<.  al.  0.17. 

Stn.  Tri/jiela  pomoue/la  Walsh,  First  Rep.  lUin.  etc.,  p.  29-33,  f.  2. 


^r 


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206 


NORTH    AMERICA       TKYl'ETINA. 


I  possess  but  a  single  specimen  of  this  si)ocies.  Its  coloriri" 
is  nut  fully  develoi»e(J,  although  otherwise  its  preservali(ju  is  p(.i'- 
feet.  It  is  black,  with  a  distiiu't  brownish  tinge;  its  aljdonieii  is 
more  ])itch-brovvii  and  rather  shining.  Head  pale  yellowish,  with 
a  narrow  dark  yellow  front  and  more  oehre-yellow  ant(  inue;  the 
third  joint  of  the  latter  is  narrow  and  rather  long,  rouiuied  at  the 
end  ;  the  slender  arista  is  dark  brown,  vvitli  a  short,  ulthough 
distinctly  discernible  pubescence.  The  usual  frontal  bristk'S  are 
black;  behind  the  ocelli,  however,  near  the  lateral  nuirgin,  two 
shorter,  whitish  bristles  are  placed.  Oral  opening  large,  broader 
than  long.  Palpi  and  proboscis  pale  yellowish,  with  a  pale 
pul)escencc  ;  the  former  do  not  project  beyond  the  anterior  cdg  ; 
of  the  mouth,  the  flaps  of  the  latter  somewhat  proloiigeil.  'I'lio 
thoracic  dorsum  shows  fnir  rather  narrow  longitudinal  stripes, 
formed  by  a  whitish  pollen;  these  stripes,  arranged  in  i)airs,  are 
confluent  anteriorly ;  the  outside  strijjes  are  moderately  ablire- 
viatcd  bei'ore  the  posterior  margin  of  the  thorax;  the  inside 
ones  reach  only  as  far  as  the  anterior  pair  of  Ijristle.-,  inserted 
upon  the  longitudinal  middle  of  the  thorax  ;  each  of  ihc  bristles 
of  this  i)air  is  placed  between  the  end  of  ihe  corresponding 
inside  stripe  and  the  outside  one;  the  inside  stri|K's  aif 
separated  by  a  broad  dark  interval,  which  shows  the  sliiiiing 
brownish-black  color  of  the  remainder  of  the  thorax,  ^\'lleu  the 
thorax  is  viewed  from  the  front  side,  the  light  falling  iu  fnjm 
behind,  the  pollinose  stripes  dp))ear  somewhat  more  l)rnad;  the 
interval  between  the  inside  stripes  appears  somewhat  nar- 
rower and  a  little  more  opaque;  at  the  same  time,  this  pinnl  of 
view  discloses  upon  the  outside  strijjes  and  upon  the  margin  of 
the  inside  ones,  alongside  of  them,  some  short,  siiow-whiic 
pile,  while  the  remaining  pile  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  is  i)lack. 
The  hunuiral  callosity  and  a  stripe  running  from  it  to  the  rout 
of  the  wing,  is  white.  The  rather  flat  scutellum  is  white, 
blackish  on  the  sides  and  at  the  basis.  The  bristles  of  the  thorax 
and  the  four  bristles  of  the  scutellum  are  black.  The  lirsl  four 
Kcgments  of  the  abdomen  have  each,  on  the  posterior  nnii'gin,  a 
ratlicr  uniformly  l)road  crossl)and,  formed  by  whitish  pollen  ;  the 
last  segment,  winch  has  no  such  band,  is  ))aler  brown  along  the 
posterior  margin.  The  comparatively  scattered  and  nut  very 
short  pile  <in  the  abdomen  is  black;  it  is  white  oidy  on  the  pale 
Ci'u.ssbaud  ou  the  posterior  part  of  the  first  segment.    The  brisllcs 


DESCRIPTION    OF   THE    SI'ECIES.  207 

OM  tlio  sidi's  (if  tlio  iiiiddio  and  of  the  last  scjrmt'iits  an-  Mack. 
Ovipositor  voiy  siiort,  aljoiit  once  and  a  lialf  the  Icnjrth  of  tho 
last  aI>doininal  scu:ni<'iit,  very  conspicuously  broad,  not  much 
attenuated  towards  tlie  end,  very  Iiroadly  truncate  and  snniewhat 
convex;  its  colorinj^  is  a  sliining  l)ro\vnisli-l)iack  or  hiacii;  the 
pnl»eseence  is  black.  In  aj.f'reenient  with  the  unusual  hreudlli  of 
tlie  ovipositor,  tho  last  al)doniinal  se<::nient  is  also  very  l)r(iad, 
winch  causes  the  whole  alxlonien  to  hav('  u  ])eeuliar  nhape.  Tlie 
sec(ind  coxal  joint yellowisli ;  ])osterior  femora  black  with  a  clay- 
yellow  tip;  front  femora  chi}' -yellow,  with  a  lar<?e,  broad,  brown- 
ish-black stripe  upon  the  hind  side;  tibise  and  tarsi  chiy-yellowish, 
the  tip  of  the  latter  dark  brown.  Hind  tibia)  on  the  ujipcr  side 
beset  with  rather  lonj,'  bristles. 

Ilab.  Illinois  (Walsh)  ;  the  larva,  ori<rinalIy  feedinii:  upon  the 
fruit  of  a  (Jratnguti,  is  now  fre(iuenlly  found  upon  the  fruits  of 
the  apple-tree,  which  it  damajres. 

Obaervalion. — The  next  relatives  of  T.  pnmoneUa  are  found  in 
a  series  of  South  American  species,  only  a  sin<rlt^  one  of  which, 
as  far  as  I  know,  has  been  previously  described;  it  is  to  l)e  found 
ill  .^laccpiart's  Dip/^rcs  i:.ro/i(pic^,  Suppl.  IV,  p.  iiSS,  Tab. 
XX\'l,  f.  l.T,  under  the  name  of  Crophara  .^culeltartK.  It  is  not 
an  Crophora  however,  and  moreover,  the  name  of  scHfrllariti 
cannot  be  maintained,  as  "Wiedemann  has  previously  used  it  for 
another  species.  Tho  species  may,  therefore,  be  called  Trijjicta 
3I(icquarlii.  Macfpiart's  li<^uro  shows,  that  this  Braziliau.species 
differs  in  the  picture  of  its  wings  from  the  snecies  of  Ii/i(iiji>U;tis 
l)reviously  described,  and  that,  in  this  respect,  it  is  more  like  the 
species  of  AcUUa.  The  structure  of  its  body  shows  a  corre- 
sponding a])proach  to  the  siiecios  of  this  latter  genus,  while,  on 
the  oilier  hand,  coloring  and  picture  of  tho  body  are  most  strik- 
ingly like  those  of  Itliogoh'tia.  As  this  species  is  also  very  like 
the  North  American  Ilhagoh'tia  in  the  structure  of  its  i)ody,  the 
question  arises  whether  it  is  better  to  i)Iace  it  in  the  genus  Avidia 
or  in  PJ)a(j(>h'ti)<.  I  prefer  the  latter  course,  because  we  thus 
facilitate  the  generic  determination  of  the  allied  species.  Trijpcta 
pnmDHpUa,  as  has  already  been  mentioned  above,  is  iiiiiung  llie 
iinmlier  of  such  species,  the  picture  of  its  wings  lieing  very  l/kc 
that  of  T.  Macquartii.  It  is  true  that  it  diffi'rs  not  inconsiderably 
from  T.  Mncqiinrtii  in  the  greater  length  nf  I  lie  I  bird  iintennal 
joiut,  tho  cuusiderable  size  unci  breadth  uf  the  oral  openiii|f,  aiii] 


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208 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPF.TINA. 


the  strikiiiffly  larj^o  traiisvorrie  (liamottfr  of  the  short  ovij)t)sif<ir; 
but,  liku  Trijpeta  Mac(/u(irtu,  it  a<jfrees  with  tlio  true  species  df 
lihaijoliiit^  ill  tlie  eoioriiig  niul  in  the  picture  of  the  body,  so  tlmt 
I  prefer,  lur  tlie  present,  to  leave  it  in  tliat  genus.  It  may  he 
ohjeelcd  that,  in  tiiis  ease,  I  lay  a  greater  stress  upon  peeiiliiu'i- 
ties  of  the  c(jloring  and  mere  dillereiiees  of  luibiluti  tlian  updii 
jdastic  cliaracters.  In  answer  to  this  ol)jeetion  1  may  state  that 
I  fully  appreeiate  the  value  of  plastic  dillerences  in  matters  (if 
generic  uroiiping  of  species,  hut  tliat  the  knowledge  of  the  ex(jtic 
Tri/prhe,  as  well  as  the  existing  descriptions  of  them,  iiie  imt 
sutlieient  for  their  generic  distril)Uti(»n  upmi  plastic  character.s 
only.  -Mi.st  descriptions  mention  ))Mt  very  little  about  these 
characters,  the  more  so  as  in  most  cases  they  have  to  l)e  dra\ii 
from  a  few  indifTerently  preserved  specimens,  which  do  nut  allnw 
a  sufficiently  clear  view  ')f  such  chiiractcrs.  And  thus  it  hapjiens 
that  peculiarities  of  coloring  and  other  habituid  characters  lieeunio 
in  many  cases  very  useful  for  the  generic  distril)ution  of  exotic 
Trijjn'lif,  especially  in  cases  where  the  only  available  plastic 
characters  are  of  a  very  delicate  nature  and  hence  more  diHiinilL 
to  perceive.  It  is  true  that  the  exotic  species  thus  treated  are 
merely  (jroiiped,  and  not  systematized;  but  this  grouping  in  itself 
is  a  progress  towards  the  determination  of  the  species,  and  is  one 
of  the  usual  steps  towards  a  systematic  distribution. 

26.    T.   iiiaecta  Lw.      J.      (Tab.    X,  f.   8.)— Thorace  nigro,  capita,, 
alidoiftiiie  pt^(li1)US(iue  luteis,  alarum  nigranitii  inuisuris  inarginalilm-;, 
guttuli^(iue  inter  veiiaruin  lonnituitinaliiiia  tertiaui  et  iiuartaiii  fiilnH 
vel  (iiiutuor  pellucidid,  vena  longituiiinali  tertiii  uuila,  Betis   sciitflli 
dualuis. 

Tliorax  black;  head,  abdomen,  and  feet  clay-yellow;  wings  black,  with 
hyaline  indentations  along  the  margin  and  with  three  or  four  hyaline 
drops  between  the  third  and  fourth  veins;  the  third  vein  nut  bristly; 
scutellnm  with  two  bristles.     Long.  oorp.  0.14;  long.  al.  0.14. 

Syn.    Tnjjietd  visictu  Lo^.w,  Monogr.  I,  p.  72.     Tab.  II,  f.  8. 

Hah.  Cuba(Poey).     [Ilayti ;   P.  R.  Uhler.— 0.  S.] 
ObMTvalion  1. —  7'.  inaccta  belongs  to  the  t^'pical  species  of 

the  genus  Arixirn,  the  sctitellum  of  which  Itears  only  two  bristles. 

The  picture  of  the  wings  of  this  genus  is  characteristic. 

( H>:^iTriiliiiii   •_'.  —  .\iiollier   Tnijii'lii   of  the   same  geiiM<  omii's 

in  iJrazll,  wliidi  may  be  easily  mistaken  for  Tri/jifta  iiiKcdu.     I 

prefer,  thcrefure,  to  dcscril»e  it  here  : — 


DESCRH'TION    (»P   THE    BI'ECIES. 


2(;9 


1*1  -i , 


r* 


Tt  pllCCIliciira  n.  sp.  %  9.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  12.)— Ni;,'ra,  cnin'lt'  jihcU- 
liUMjiie  (KOii'iiufis,  aliirutu  iiigiiiniin  iiiuir^ini.'i  iiiiugiuiilibu-'  uiiti  uliMjiie 
iuter  VKiiti.s  loiigitudiiiiiles  tiTtiaiii  ttt  qtiiirtaiii  trilius  pi'lluuiili.s,  vt'iiiL 
loiigitiKliiiiili  tei'liii  iiudd,  sHti.t  NcutKlli  (luiil>iis. 

^  .  AbtlDiiibU  HX  Iwiruniiieo  niruiii,  SfgiiiiMito  tiltiino  iiii^ro. 

J.   AbiloiufU  nigrum,  basi  f«riiigiiiH4,  terebia  lata  laste  anrantiaca. 

Black,  head  and  feet  oclireou.s-yellow  ;  winu^  black,  witli  li.v.iliiu;  indt;n- 
tatit)n.s  along  the  margin  and  with  three  liyalino  drops  between  tlie  third 
and  fourth  longitudinal  veins;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  id  not 
bristly  ;  the  suutelluni  has  two  bristle.s. 

^.  Abdomen  ferrnginons,  its  last  segment  black. 

J.  Abdomen  black,  ferruginous  at  the  ba^is;  the  broad  ovi|u)Hitor  is  of 
a  vivid  orauye-yellow.  Long.  uorp.  J,  U.14,  9  0.15 — U.IG  ;  lony.  al. 
0.14. 

Black;  head  of  an  impure  ochre-yellow;  the  orciput  alono  mostly 
blackish ;  front  narrow,  especially  anteriorly ;  frontal  bristles  black. 
Kyes  very  large,  clieeks  veiy  narrow.  I'aoo  sliort,  concave  ;  nevertheless, 
the  anteiior  oral  edgo  not  jiroj  ftiiig  in  the  proflle.  The  antennse  reach 
down  to  the  oral  edgi' ;  their  tliiid  joint  Is  rounded  at  the  tip  ;  the  blackish 
arista  is  long  and  nleiider,  app.iiently  bare.  Oral  opening  of  medium 
size,  rounded;  proboscis  not  geniculate.  The  thora:<  and  the  two- 
bristly  scutellum  are  black,  their  short  jiile  yellowish-white,  their  bristlea 
rather  black;  the  somewhat  rounded  abdomen  of  ilie  uiale  is  of  a  <lirty 
ferruginous  color  (in  living  specimens  its  color  may  be  purer)  ;  its  last 
segment  is  black.  The  extent  of  the  black  color  is  greater  in  the  female 
abdomen,  the  first  segment,  the  basis  of  the  second,  and  the  anterior 
corners  of  the  third  alone,  being  ferruginous.  The  short  pile  of  the 
abdomen  is  paler,  almost  yellowish  in  the  male,  somewhat  brown  in  the 
female  ;  on  the  posterior  border  of  the  last  segnu'nt  of  the  abdomen  of  the 
female  there  are  some  black  haiis,  Tli?  flattened,  comp.'iratively  broad 
ovipositor,  attenuated  towards  its  end,  has  a  shining  surface;  its  color  is 
a  very  bright  orange-yellow,  the  tip  alone  shows  a  narrow  black  border  ; 
its  short  pubescence  is  pale.  Coxse  an<l  feet  ochreous-yellow  ;  the 
extreme  tip  of  the  posterior  femora  is  somewhat  blackish.  Wings  com- 
paratively long  and  narrow,  towards  the  end  somewhat  less  broad  and  less 
obtuse  than  those  of  T.  in<ect<i,  bhu'k,  with  a  hyaline  picture  ;  near  the 
costa,  anterior  to  the  stigma,  there  are  three  small  hyaline  spots,  the  first 
anterior  to  the  humeral  crossvcin.  the  two  others  in  the  costal  <'ell; 
innuediately  lieyonci  the  stigma,  which  is  altogether  black,  there  are  two 
conspicuous  triangular  hyaline  spots,  which,  witli  their  pointed  end,  do 
not  quite  reach  the  third  loni;itn(linal  vein  ;  on  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  wing  there  are  six  hyaline  indentations,  the  last  of  which  alone  ends 
in  a  point;  the  first  two  are  connected  wiili  the  almost  by'iline  posterior 
angle  of  the  wing,  reacli  as  far  as  the  fifth  InngltudinMl  vein,  and  are 
Separated  by  a  much  broader  black  band  than  the  other  indeiit.-itions  ;  the 
two  following  iudeutatiou:]  crobs  beyoud  the  fifth  T«iQ,  the  firat  btilow  tUo 


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270 


NORTH    AMEKirAN   TKVl'KTINA. 


Binall  croHSTHin,  the  HHonnd  iuiiiitvUntHly  lieforH  tliH  eiiil  of  the  rlincal  cf\\; 
tlie  lifth  iiiileiitatioii  M\ov/n  lli«  oiitiT  hMh  of  thct  (.THiit  crossveiii  (wliirh 
runs  oliliiiuely  liiickwarils)  ;  tin-  Hixtli,  sH|>iirnttMl  fioiu  tin*  iirnfediim  liy 
a  lilat'k  liHiiil  of  inoiler.'ttH  lir^ailth,  is  almost  ti'iaiik;ular  ;  tUn  tliivf  >iii,'ill 
)i^aliiie  (lots  hftw»4)'ii  tliH  tliinl  auil  foiinli  vnins  lii>,  thtt  Mist  iiu'Iit  tli« 
stigma,  the  st'comi  bftWffn  tliti  Us  o  crossvi-ins,  m-ar  tii«  lniiilli  Vt-in,  tlie 
third  ahovf  the  laat  of  thu  hyaliue  excisioiid  along  tliu  |)osteriur  margin. 
llub.  liuuil. 

Tlio  colorinj?  of  the  alxlonion  of  T.  iniiocia  and  phnn}irimi 
Scoiiirt  to  bt!  soiiu'wluit  variable,  and  lionce  not  to  lie  reliid  on  ii>  n 
speeifie  eliaracter;  the  ni(ire  marked  uro  the  dillerenees  in  the  uiiU 
line  and  picture  of  the  wings. 

ST.  T.  poecilOi^aHtra  n.  sp.  %  . — Lntca,  Hontelln  petis  spx  instnioto, 
aliilomine  nigro-variegato,  alis  Litis  ftiscis,  ina^iiualiter  liniiiido-u'iittatis, 
venisquH  hmgitudinalibus  prinii,  tertill  et  iiuintil,  contVi'tiin  nigro-Hftosis, 

Clay-ypUow,  scutellura  with  six  liristles,  alidoinnn  vari«gated  with  Mack; 
wings  hroail,  lilackish-hrowii,  with  uimvt^nly  distribntHd  hyaline  dropi  ; 
the  first,  third,  and  fifth  longitudinal  THiua  densely  be^et  with  black 
bristles.     Long.  oorp.  0.21 ;  long.  al.  0.24. 

Clay-yellow;  the  color  of  head  and  antenna)  more  oclirc-yclkiw; 
the  last  joint  of  the  latter  elonn;atcd,  rounded  at  the  tip;  thi'  Vnvj: 
brown  arista  beset  with  a  very  short  pubescence.  Tlie  face  is 
rather  retreating  nearly  as  far  as  the  vicinity  of  the  anterior  idire 
<if  the  mouth  ;  the  latter  is  somewhat  turned  upwards  and  alji'iiptly 
projecting  when  seen  in  profile.  The  vertical  diameter  of  the 
eyes  has  double  the  length  of  the  horizontal  one;  henco,  tlie 
cheeks  are  very  narrow.  Proboscis  tumid ;  palpi  rather  luMad 
and  short,  although  they  project  a  little  beyond  the  anterior  cdtro 
of  the  mouth.  The  usual  frontal  bristles  are  black.  The  two 
pairs  of  bristles  on  the  middle  line  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  are 
weak  and  of  a  blackish-brown  color,  like  the  other  thoriicic 
bristles;  the  anterior  pair  is  at  an  unusual  distance  luliiini 
the  transverse  suture.  Scutellum  rather  flat,  with  six  bnuvii 
bristles.  Metathorax  with  two  brown  longitudinal  striiios. 
Abdomen  with  a  complicated  black  picture,  the  only  visible  por- 
tions of  the  ground  color  being  an  uninterrupted  middle  line  ol' 
ivlmost  trapezoidal  spots,  and  on  both  sides  of  it,  two  rows  of 
ether  spots  ;  the  spots  of  the  outer  row  lie  on  tlie  anterior  ;iii;rli-! 
of  the  single  segmeutsj  those  of  the  inner  row  ou  the  anicrii'r 


■\ir' 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE   SPECIES. 


271 


hordors    of  tlio    sogmoiits.      Fret    palo   clay-yellowish.     ^Vitl^rs 
broad,  bInckisli-l>rowii,  with  Inrjre  mid  Miiail  liyaliiic  d(tt>,  uiie(|nally 
(listril>iit('d  ;    the  costal  cell  is  pale  hiiwn   hotwecii   the  cxtrfiiie 
imsis  and  a  trifle  beyond  tlio  hnineral  crossvein;    nc.^it  I'olldws 
upon  the  costa  a  S(iniire  bntwn  spi>t,  and  then  a  sipiare  liyalino 
space,  somewhat  eneroaciiiof^  upon  the  stigtnatieai  (•('!!,  so  as   to 
include  the  end  of  the  an.viliary  vein,  which  runs  perpendicularly 
towards  the  margin  of  the  wing;   the  stignmtieal  cell  is  other- 
wise tinged  with   hIacUish-brown  and  has,  close  to  the  anterior 
niiirgin,  two  hyaline  drops;   ininii  diately  beyond  the  tip  of  the 
first  longitudinal  vein,  near  the  anterior  muu"  'i,  there  is  a  hyaline 
drop,  reaching  as  far  as  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  the  largest 
in  the  whole  picture  of  th»;  wing;   in  the  vicinity  of  the  apex  of 
till'  wing  the  drops  are  larger  than  in  the  middle  and  more  close 
togrther;  so  that  a  row  of  dots,  reaching  from  the  ti|t  of  the 
seeniid  vi'in  to  the  posterior  angle  <>f  the  second  posterior  cell,  and 
moreover  four  dots  along  the  margin  of  the  wing,  may  be  dis- 
cerned; among  the  latter,  the  lirst  lies  in  the  sul»inarginal  cell  and 
is  connected  with  a  little  dr  ip  i>ehind  the  third  vein;  the  secoiul 
lies  at  the  extreme  tip  of  llie  wing ;  the  last  two  in  the  second 
posterior  cell;  a  second  group  of  larger  drops  lies  in  the  third 
posterior  cell,  immediately  below  the  stigma;   it  consists  of  four 
(Irojis,  l)etween  which  the  black  ground  color  is   more  or  less 
faint,  and  of  two  other  drops  on  the  anterior  side  of  the  fifth 
vein;  between  this  group  of  drops  and  the  fifth  longit  dinal  vein, 
there  is,  near  tlie  margin  of  the  wing,  a  single  larger  drop  ;  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  wing  is  brownish-gray,  with  several  rather 
large  limpid  drops;  the  middle  of  the  wing  shows  only  small  and 
isolated  drops.     The  first,  third,  and  fifth  longitudinal  veins  are 
very  closely  beset  with   rather  strong   l)ristles ;    the  second   is 
strongly  curved;  the  third  and  fourth  diverge  towards  their  end; 
the  small  crossvein  is  but  little  beyond  the  middle  of  the  very 
broad  diseal  cell,  and  the  posterior  crossvein  has  a  very  steep 
position ;  the  anal  cell  is  drawn  out  in  a  narrow  and  very  long 
lobe. 

Ifat).   Cuba  (Oundlacli). 

Observalio)}. — The  si.\  bristles  upon  the  scntellum,  as  well  as 
the  dense  bristles  upon  the  first,  third,  and  fifth  longitudinal 
veins,  distinguish  T.  pfprilor/nNfro  from  all  the  following  species, 
provided  with  a  reticulate  picture  of  the  wings.      It  is  very 


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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

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272 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


closj'Iy  allied  to  tho  species  of  Ilexavhsrta,  in  which,  however,  as 
far  as  I  know  them,  the  fifth  vein  has  bristles  upon  the  bas^is  only 
while  in  the  present  species  the  bristles  almost  reach  tu  the  tip. 
Vur  this  reason,  as  well  as  on  account  of  the  different  charactLT 
of  the  ))icture  of  the  wings,  I  do  not  deem  it  convenient  to  place 
it  in  tlie  genus  Hexachirta.  Whether  y\v.  Saunders's  genus 
Dasyneura  would  better  answer  for  it,  I  am  unabl';  to  say,  as  I 
have  not  been  able  to  i)rocure  the  j)ul>lication  which  contains  it. 
For  the  present  therefore  I  set  this  species  up  as  the  type  of  a 
new  genus,  which  1  call  JUrpharunturu. 

US.  T.  testlldinea  n.  sp.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  13  )— Ex  Inteo  fusra,  c.ipite, 
tlioracii)  dorso,  pedibu^iqUH  hitei.s,  terel>r&  duobiis  uitimis  iil>d()iuii)in 
segmentis  seuifl  siniitiH  paulo  longiore;  alffi  valde  dilatatie,  e  iii;:ro 
fnsca!,  strigis  dual>U!4  byaliuis  iiide  a  inargiim  celliilie  p(i:«tci'iiiri!j 
secuiidse  usquu  a<l  VKiiani  b)iigitudiiialein  t  iiiaiii  asuendeiitibiis,  ])iiti)o 
liiiilii  fo.stalis  dimidio  grosse  nigro  uiaculato,  disco  alarum  giitlulis 
niiiiutis  pelliicidiEi  uoiifcrtiui  asperso. 

Yellowish-brown,  head,  thoracin  dorsum,  and  feet  clay-yellow ;  the  ovi- 
positor only  a  little  longer  than  the  last  two  abdominal  segments  taken 
together;  wings  very  broad,  blarkish-brown  ;  two  hyaline  indentalions 
reach  from  the  posterior  side  of  tlie  second  posteridr  cell  to  tlic  tliiid 
longitudinal  vein  ;  the  anterior  half  of  tlie  r>'uii>n  ainng  tlie  nnta  shows 
a  number  of  large,  black  spots:  the  cential  poitiiMi  of  the  wing  is 
occupied  by  many  small,  hyaline  drops.  Long.  corLi.  cum  turifbrjl  0.21 ; 
long.  al.  0.19. 

A  species  very  muc!i  resembling  the  2'.  iatipcnnis  Wied.,  hut 
difTering  in  the  smaller  size  and  the  less  minute  dots  on  the 
central  portion  of  the  wing.  The  coloring  of  the  body  is  ycl- 
k)wish-brown,  but  may  be  somewhat  darker  in  fully  colored  spe- 
cimens. The  ground  color  of  a  great  part  of  the  upi)er  siile  (jf 
the  thorax  is  blackish,  but  very  much  concealed  under  a  thick 
clay-yellow  pollen.  Front  opaque,  of  c  moderate  breadth,  still 
narrower  anteriorly;  tho  usual  frontal  bristles  are  brown.  Kyes 
large,  elongated;  cheeks  very  narrow,  with  much  ])ile;  face  short, 
descending  rather  perpendicularly,  but  distinctly  excavated  undm' 
the  antennae ;  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth  not  projecting. 
Antenna;  ochre-yellow,  of  a  medium  length,  but,  owing  to  the 
shortness  of  the  face,  reaching  to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  niontli ; 
the  third  joint  has  a  rather  rounded  anterior  corner;  the  mode- 
rately long  arista  thin  and  bare.     The  middle  of  the  thoracic 


DESCUll'TIUN    UF    TIIK    Sl'KClES. 


273 


(iorsum  shows  tract's  of  a  pair  of  brislk'S.     Scutelimn  but  littlt* 
ciiiivcx,  proviilfd  with  four  bristles.     Motathora.x  bUit-kish  v  ilh 
a  grayisii-yt'llow  pollen.    The  color  of  the  pleuraj,  in  the  described 
siteeiuieii,  does  not  dill'er  much  from  that  of  tiie  remainder  of  the 
body;  it  seems,  nevertheless,  that,  in  more  fully  colored  speci- 
mens, a  considerable  portion  of  the  pleurre  may  be  blackish  ;  they 
are  thickly  clothed  with  a  clay-yellow  pollen;  the  pile  and   the 
bristles  upon  them,  like  those  on  thorax  and  scutelluin,  are  yel- 
Iuwisli-l)rown.     The  al)domen  shows  a  trace  of  four  dark  longitu- 
dinal stripes,  formed  by  very  much  faded  blackish  spots;  the  pile 
upon  it  is  somewhat  shorter  and  rather  blackish  upon  the  anterior 
half  of  the  siii<.rlc  segments;  ujjon  their  posterior  half,  it  is  some- 
what longer  a;id  almost  whitish;  yet  the   long  bristles  on  the 
j)osterior  border  of  the  last  segment  are  l»lackish-l)ro\vn.     The 
Hat  ovipositor,  which   in  the  allied    T.  lalipennia  Wied.    ecjuals 
the  last  four  alidominal  segments  in  length,  is  l)ut  a  little  longer 
lu're  than  the  last  two  segments  taken  together;  it  is  of  the  same 
cnlur  with  the  al)doinen,  somewhat  blackened  at  the  root  and  tip. 
and  l)eset  everywi'.ere  with  short  blackish  pile.      Feet  brownish- 
ochre  yellow.    Wings  very  iiroad,  very  liki-  those  of  2'.  latijiennis 
in  outline,  venation,  and  picture;   proportionally,  however,  they 
arc  not  quite  as  broad  and  not  (juite  as  convex  on  the  anterior 
margin;  upon  the  apical  tliird  of  the  wing  there  are  three  cross- 
bands,  connected   anteriorly  and   scjtarated   by  narrow,  liyaline 
intervals,  beginning  at  the  posterior  margin;   the  first  band  is 
contiguous,   on   it.s  outer  side,  to   the   posterior  crossvein,  and 
expands  across  it  near  its  posterior  end  ;  the  second  runs  across 
the  middle  of  the  second  posterior  cell,  the  tliird  liorders  the  apex 
of  the  wing.     The  remaining  portion  of  the  surface  of  the  wing, 
beyond   the  second    longitudinal   vein,  has   a  somewhat  darker 
lirownish  tinge,  and  is  covered  with  a  multitude  of  small  hyaline 
drops,  which  partly  coalesce  into  longitudinal  rows,  and  in  some 
places,  as  at  both  ends  of  the  small  crossvein  and  here  and  there 
on  the  longitudinal  veins,  leave  unbroken  brown  spots.     Upon 
the  posterior  margin,  there  is  a  broad  brown  b(»rder,  bearing  a 
few  larger,  but  not  very  well-defined  drops,  which  are  also  less 
hyaline  than  those  of  the  centre  of  the  wing;  on  the  posterior 
nntMe  of  the  wing  the  border  is  somewhat  faint.     The  brownish- 
black  stigtna  coalesces  with  a  spot  of  the  same  color  immediately 
behind  it,  which  spot  crosses  but  little  the  second  iongitudiual 
18 


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274 


NORTH   AMERICAN    TRYI'ETINA. 


vein ;  two  large  spots  of  the  same  color  lie  in  the  cxtorior  oi,<tiil 
cell  and  fill  out  a  large  portion  of  it;  a  double  spot  of  ilnj  sumu 
color  is  in  the  marginal  cell  immediately  beyond  the  sli^Mim; 
finally,  there  are  two  large  spots  of  the  same  kind  on  the  Mcmiil 
longitudinal  vein,  the  one  upon  its  root,  the  other  below  dir 
double  spot  in  the  marginal  cell.  The  basis  of  the  exterior  rii>«ial 
cell  is  irregularly  reticulate  with  very  small  drops.  A  small  liya- 
line  spot  is  situated  between  the  double  spot  of  the  niargina!  (cM 
and  the  end  of  this  cell,  filled  out  by  the  common  origin  (if  the 
three  crossbands  which  occupy  the  apex  of  the  wing.  Tlio  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  distinctly  bristly,  gently  curved  forward  bifipre 
its  end  and  as  gently  backwards ;  jiosterior  crossvein  long,  but 
not  as  long  as  in  2'.  latipennis  Wied. 

Hub.  Cuba  (Otto);  in  the  Berlin  Museum. 

Observation. — The  present  species  forms,  with  T.  Inliprnrna 
Wied.  and  a  group  of  related  species  from  South  America,  an 
easily  recognizable  genus,  very  well  characterized  by  the  liitailili 
of  its  large  wings,  their  outline,  which  reminds  of  Phaxia,  and 
their  peculiar  picture.  These  species  also  have  the  structure  of 
the  head  and  the  bristly  third  vein  in  common.  I  adopt  for  iliis 
genus,  apparently  exclusively  American,  the  name  of  Acroln  nui. 
in  allusion  to  the  most  striking  peculiarity  of  the  picture  of  the 
wings. 

29.  T.  sparsa  Wied.  %  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  13.)— Pnsca,  alse  latis?iin,T, 
subrotnndatse,  nigra,  albido-gnttnlatre,  apice  alhido-niargiuato  oniatje. 

Brown ;  wings  very  broad,  almost  ronnd,  blaok,  with  whitish  drops,  and 
the  apex  margined  with  white.  Long.  corp.  %  0.15 — 0.27 ;  9  oum 
terebri  0.19—0.30  ;  long.  al.  0.16—0.26. 

Btv.  Trypeta  sparsa  Wirdbmann,  Anss.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  492. 
Trypeta  caliptera  Sat,  Jonrn.  Acad.  Plnl.  VI,  p.  187,  3. 
Plati/atoma  latipennis  Macqoart,  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  p.  200.     Tab.  XXVI, 

f.  8. 
Arinia  nov<rborae€nsis  Fitch,  Pirsv  Report,  67. 
Trypeta  sparsa  LoEW,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  78.     Tab.  II,  f.  13. 

ffnb.  Northern  Wisconsin  River  (Kennicott);  Texas  (Tlcl- 
frnge). 

Obi^ervnh'ov  1. —  Tn/peta  sparm  Wied.  is  cither  a  very  vari- 
able species,  both  in  its  size  and  in  the  shape  of  its  wings,  or  else 
several  species  are  mixed  up  here,  whic'i,  owing  to  the  insnlli- 


DESCRIPTION   OP   THE    SPECIES. 


275 


ciency  of  my  niatoriiils,  I  am  unable  to  distinguish.  The 
doscriptior.  jriven  in  tlie  first  vohiine  of  tlicsc;  Monograpiis  reft-rs 
to  the  specimen  from  Norliiern  Wiscoiisin  Kiver.  Anotiier  spe- 
cimen from  the  same  locality,  much  smaller  and  paler  and  with 
less  broad  wings,  has  been  mentioned  in  a  note,  aj>pended  to  the 
same  de.scrij>tion.  The  mention  concerning  the  size  of  the  spe- 
cimen, however,  lias  been  omitted  there.  The  drops  on  the  wings 
of  that  specimen  are  larger  and  more  rounded  than  in  ordinary 
specimens  and  show  less  tendency  to  form  longitudinal  rows  ;  the 
costal  cell  also  contains  such  drops,  while  in  the  larger  sjx'cimens 
it  shows  at  the  almost  some  pale  drops  along  the  auxiliary  vein. 
Nevertheless,  even  now,  I  would  not  consider  this  specimen  but 
.  as  a  variety  of  T.  sjiarsa. 

Ohttrrration  2. — Wiedemann's  collection  contains  at  present, 
under  the  name  of  T.  xparsa,  a  pair  of  specimens,  the  communi- 
cation of  which  I  owe  to  the  kindness  of  the  Vienna  Museum. 
In  the  list  of  species  sent  to  me,  they  were  markcnl  as  coming 
from  Brazil.  As  Wiedemann  prepared  his  description  from  a 
single  female  of  unknown  nrigiif,  it  seems  hardly  probable  that  the 
female  specimen  now  existing  ia  his  collection  is  the  typical  one. 
It  is  more  likely,  on  the  contrary,  that  the  couple  of  specimens 
from  Brazil  now  to  1  o  found  in  the  collection  was  later  added  to 
it  by  Wiedemann.  Both  sexes  most  closely  resemble  my  Wis- 
consin specimens,  except  that  the  wings  are  still  broader,  which 
is  caused  by  the  greater  breadth  of  the  costal  and  stigmatical 
cells;  their  anterior  margin  is  distinctly  more  convex.  These 
specimens  seem  therefore  to  belong  to  a  South  American  species, 
very  closely  allied  to  the  North  American  one.  ITowever,  my 
conviction  tlmt  such  is  the  case  has  been  somewhat  shaken  by  a 
number  of  specimens  from  Texas,  collected  by  Air.  Belfrage. 
The  larger  ones  have  the  wings  a  little  broader  than  the  larger 
specimens  from  Wisconsin,  and  the  pellucid  drops  are  less  regu- 
larly distributed  ;  the  costal  and  stigmatical  cells  are  not  broader; 
a  small  and  incompletely  colored  specimen  has  much  narrower 
wings  than  the  larger  specimens;  yet  they  a''e  i)roader  than  the 
wings  of  the  above-mentioned  smaller  specinit'ii  from  Wisconsin. 
Whether  the  specimens  from  Wisconsin  and  Texas  belong  to  the 
same  si)ecies,  will  have  to  be  proved  Iiy  further  observation. 

Obxervation  3. — The  present  species,  together  with  T.  rotun- 
dipennis,  as   well   as   the    species   represented    liy    the    above- 


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NOllTII    AMKRKJAN   TKYl'KTINA. 


iHt'iilioncd  specimens  from  IJraxil,  imw  culled  T.  sjim-.^a  in 
"Wiedemunn's  culleetiun,  form  u  sepurate  genus,  the  eliaraetiis  of 
wliieli  may  bo  easily  gatiieivd  from  tlie  deseriptiuns  of  'J'.  .>■/-(/ oa 
and  rnlundipeunis  in  the  tirat  volume.  1  eall  it  Eutrcla,  m 
allusion  to  the  cliaracterislic  picture  of  the  wings. 

30.  T.  rotiiiidi|ieiiiiis  Lw.  %  .  (Tab.  X,f.  14.)— Fnst-a,  alis  latis- 
siiiiis,  rotuixlatis,  nigri^t,  albiilo-giittatin,  iu  uiargiuibu.s  auticoet  apiciili 
niaculas  luinutax  albidaa  gureutibud. 

Brown,  winjjs  very  broad,  ronnded,  black,  dotted  with  wbitc;  tbw  nutfrinr 
and  apical  uiarniiis  are  btiset  wilU  Biuull  wLitish  spots.  Long.  torp. 
0.28;  long.  al.  (>.'26. 

Syn.    Tn/peta  rotiindlpennis  LoEW,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  79.    Tab.  II,  f.  14. 

Ilab.  Middle  States  (Osten-Sacken). 

Ohaervation. — Since  the  above-quoted  description  was  drawn, 
I  have  not  received  any  addition  to  the  .single,  iniperl'ect  spcciinen 
in  my  collection,  and  have,  tlierefore,  nothing  more  to  add  aliniu 
it.  The  systematic  position  of  this  species  has  beeu  discussed 
above,  in  the  third  observation  to  T.  sjjaraa. 

31.  T.  cillta  WiED.  %  9.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  3.)— Ex  rnfo-lntea;  c.ipnt 
nigro-maculatuin ;  al»  luteae,  in  inargine  aiiticu  toto,  in  apicu  et  in 
niargiiiia  postii'i  flinuilio  apicali  elHijaiitwr  radiaite,  in  disco  niaculis 
aliqnot  magnis  fnscfKcentibuH,  niHcul4  uiinuti  atra,  guttinque  aliijiiot 
liuipidis,  fusoo-circumscriptis,  iiotatse,  in  angulo  postico  coufertius  liui- 
pido-guttatae,  vend  longitudinal!  tertid  nuda. 

Reddish-yellow;  head  with  black  spots;  wintjs  clay-yellow,  the  anterior 
margin,  the  apex,  and  the  apical  portion  of  the  posterior  niarijin  are 
handsomely  adorned  with  ray-like  streaks;  npon  the  middle  thire  .ire 
some  brownish  spots,  a  small  black  dot,  and  a  moderate  number  of 
hyaline  drops,  margined  with  black;  oft  the  posterior  ancle  numerous 
hyaline  drops  ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  not  bristly.  Long.  corp.  % 
0.21,  9  cum  terebri  0.31 ;  long.  al.  0.29—0.32. 

Syn.    Trypeta  culla  Wibdemawn,  Aubs.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  4S(),  16. 

Acinin  Jimhriata  Macjuart,  Dipt.  Exot.  II,  3,  p.  228.  h.    Tab.  XXXI,  f.  5. 
Trypeta  culta  LoEW,  Monogr.  etc.,  I,  p.  94.     Tab.  II,  f.  29. 

Reddish-yellow,  opaque ;  the  head  somewhat  paler  yellow. 
The  front  of  moderate  breadth,  dark  yellow;  the  two  l)ristlo3 
before  the  ocelli,  directed  forwards,  and  three  strong  bristles  on 
the  lateral  margin  of  the  front,  are  black ;  the  other  frontal 
bristles  yellowish.     The  frontal  luuule  and  the  anterior  part  of 


KfCj^ll 


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DESCRIPTION   OF    THE    SPKriES. 


277 


tlio  Intornl  frontal  bonier  arc   sliiiiiriL';    upon  the   first,   almost 
without  cxecplion,  n  very  small,  deep  hlnek  lon^nludinal  dot   is 
perceptible  ;  near  the  antennae,  at  the  orbit  of  the  eye,  there  is 
a  deep  black  dot  and  a  black  spot  in  the  middle  of  the  posterior 
orbit     The  face  is  deeply  excavated,  shinin<r  and  sometimes  with  a 
distinct  steel-blue  rellectioii ;  upon  its  middle,  lielow  tlieantennip, 
there  is  a  rounded  i>laek  spot,  on  each  side  an  ehnijrated,  larfrer  one, 
descending  frouj  the  lower  anjrle  of  the  eye  to  the  oral  margin ;  the 
oral  opeidng  is  very  large,  somewhat  drawn  upwards  anteriorly. 
Palpi  yellowish,  broad,  reaching  to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  oral 
opening,  with  black  pile  at  the  tip,  and  with  yellowish  hairs  else- 
where.      Proboscis    brown,   sometimes   yellowish-brown,   rather 
stout,    not   geniculate.     The    thorax   unicolorous,  yellowish-reil 
or  reddish  clay-yellow,  opacpie;  the  usual  bristles,  of  which  there 
are  two  pairs  on  the  middle  of  the  dorsum,  are  black,  the  short 
pile  is  pale  yellowish.     Scutellum  somewhat  paler  3-ellow  and 
rather  shining,  with  erect  yellowish   bristle-like   pile   upon  the 
middle  and  with  four  black  bristles ;    the   two  apical  ones   are 
inserted  upt)n  black  dots,  while  round  the  basis  of  the  two  ante- 
rior ones  only  a  darker  shade  of  the  ground  color  is  perceptible. 
The  abdomen  has  the  same  coloring  as  the  thorax  and  no  spots, 
or  only  a  trace  of  two  longitudinal,  contiguous  rows  of  somewhat 
darker  spots;  all  the  pile  and  bristles  upon  it  are  yellowish  ami 
only  a  certain  number  of  the  bristles  upon  the  jio.sterior  border 
of  the  last  segment  are  usually  blackish.     The  flat  ovipositor  is 
almost  as  long  as  the  four  posterior  abdominal  segments  taken 
together,  red,  blackish  towards   the  tip.     Feoi,  as  well   as  the 
bristles  en  the  under  side  of  the  front  femora,  yellow ;    often, 
however,  .some  of  the  bristles  are  black ;  the  front  femora  have,  a 
short  distance  before  their  end,  on  the  outer  side,  a  sniall  black 
dot;   the  posterior  femora,  on  the  under  side,  have  two  black 
dots,  the  one  before  the  middle,  the  other  before  the  tip.     The 
wings  are  rather  long;  their  yellowish-red,  almost  gamboge-yel- 
low color  ends  in  rays  along  the  anterior  margin,  the  apex  and 
the  posterior  portion  of  the  hind  margin  ;  these  rays  are  separated 
by  hyaline  intervals;  between  the  humeral  crossvein  and  the  end 
of  the  auxiliary  vein  there  are  three  narrow  rays,  running  per- 
pendicularly from  the  auxiliary  vein  to  the  costa,  the  first  of 
which  is  less  dark  than  the  others;  moreover,  the  extreme  nxit 
and  the  extreme  tip  of  that  cell  are  marked  by  a  blackish-brown 


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27S  NOIITII    AMf.nifAN    TKYI'FTINA. 

vro^sliho;  tliu  short  Mii^^mutioui  citll,  wliidi  is  sotiiewhat  yi>Ili)\vii.|i, 
is  (ilvidod  ill  twu  liulvos  by  a  narrow  dark  bruwit  lino  un*i  Ih 
inarl<i(i  at  both  tnds  by  a  ray;  in  the  marginal  coil,  i)t'sidr-'  a  rav 
ut  llie  end  of  tlic  first  longitudinal  vein,  which  is  iiifonipli'tciv 
fonm-d  and  margined  with  brown  on  its  outer  side  only,  there  are 
tliree  yellow  rays,  margined  with  brown  and  running  towards  the 
onterior  margin;  tin;  lirst  two  are  attenuated  towards  the  margin 
and  much  narrower,  the  third  is  much  broader;  the  five  fnilowing 
rays  are  again  so  narrow,  that  only  the  first  among  them  pre- 
serves a  trace  of  the  yellow  coloring  of  its  inner  side;  tluy 
gradually  grow  longer  and  end:  the  lirst  at  the  tip  of  the  second 
longitudinal  vein,  the  next  two  between  this  and  the  third  vein, 
the  fourth  exactly  upon  the  tip  of  tlie  third,  the  last  a  little  before 
the  tip  of  the  fourth  vein;  the  hyaline  intervals  between  the  last 
of  these  rays  sliow  upon  their  middle  a  faded  cioud.  The  rays 
ui»on  the  latter  jxirtion  of  the  posterior  margin  gradually  grow 
ehortiT,  are  rather  broad  and  altogether  brown,  but  not  as  dark 
as  the  narrow  rays  of  the  anterior  margin  or  the  dark  borders  of 
the  broader  rays  wHich  follow  upon  the  latter;  they  are  five  in 
iiuiiil)er,  or  six  if  the  last  of  them,  which  is  very  short,  is  counted 
for  one;  the  second  and  third  are  less  completely  separated  from 
each  other  than  the  rest,  and  the  fifth,  which  includes  the  tip  of 
the  fifth  vein,  is  the  broadest  of  all.  Upon  the  middle  of  the 
wing  the  following  hyaline  drops  are  visible  :  1.  Between  the 
second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  a  very  small  one  (sometimes 
a  second  one  beyond  it)  below  the  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein  and  a 
scj'ond,  somewhat  larger  one  below  the  second  ray,  which  runs,  in 
the  marginal  cell,  towards  the  anterior  margin;  2.  IJetween  the 
third  and  fourth  veins,  nearer  to  the  latter,  there  arc  three  drops 
in  a  row;  the  middle  one  is  nearly  opposite  the  middle  of  the 
discal  cell,  the  first  one  beyond  the  anterior  end  of  this  cell,  and 
the  last  one  at  an  equal  distance  before  its  posterior  end  ;  3.  In 
the  second  posterior  cell  only  a  single  drop  almost  in  its  inner 
corner;  4.  In  the  discal  cell  four  or  five,  two  of  which  upon  its 
longitudinal  axis  (one  near  the  anterior,  the  other  near  the 
posterior  end)  and  three  inconstant  ones  on  the  posterior  margin 
of  the  cell  (the  first  sometimes  wanting,  the  second  being  the 
largest) ;  sometimes  a  very  small  drop  in  the  posterior  corner  of 
the  discal  cell  is  added  to  them.  All  these  drops  are  t  .uircled 
with  dark  brown  or  almost  black,  in  such  a  manner,  that  this 


'J  ?i 


DESCRIPTION    or   THE    SPECIES. 


279 


dark  ring  ItcooMies  piilur  rouiul  those  drops  which  nrc  more  dis- 
tant from  the  anterior  iiiargia.  TIjc  convex  spot  in  tiie  first 
posterior  cell  is  riitlier  hirjre  ;  it  contains  u  comparatively  small 
roundcd-ovute  deep  black  dot.  Moreover,  in  the  suhmarfrinal 
cell,  in  the  lir.st  und  second  posterior  cells,  und  in  the  discal  cell, 
dillerently  colored  spots  (one  in  euch)  may  bo  noticed,  which,  at 
ail  obli(|no  view,  assume  a  dark  coloring.  In  the  third  posterior 
cell,  in  the  posterior  angle  of  the  wing,  and  on  the  alula,  there  is 
a  number  of  hyaline  drops,  among  which  only  thost;  place(l 
immediately  behind  the  fifth  vein  show  a  trace  of  a  brown  border. 
The  double  costal  spine  is  strong  and  comparatively  long,  the 
small  crossveln  is  placed  upon  the  last  third  of  the  discal  cell ; 
the  posterior  crossvein  is  steep,  but  distinctly  sinuate  ;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  not  bristly. 

llab.  Savannah  (Wiedeiuaun);  Carolina  (Macquart);  Texas 
(Belfrage). 

Ohscrvutwn. —  3'.  culta  is  closely  allied  to  the  European  T. 
pujiillula  Fall,  and  striyilata  Lw.,  anti  this  relationship  is  suffi- 
cient to  justify  its  location  in  the  genus  Carjinlricha,  fornie(l  by 
nie  for  the  reception  of  these  species,  as  well  as  of  T.  (jiitlnlaria 
Meig.  However,  in  consequence  of  this  addition,  the  definition 
of  the  genus,  as  given  by  me  in  the  Monograph  of  the  Kiiropean 
Trypetae,  will  have  to  be  somewhat  modified.  In  T.  ciilla  the 
scutellura  is  less  convex,  and,  although  smooth,  it  is  not  polished  ; 
the  tip  of  the  al)domen  is  not  shining.  The  nature  of  the  ])ile 
and  the  pattern  of  the  picture  of  the  wings,  the  structure  of  the 
head,  and  the  arratigement  of  the  frontal  bristles  furnish  sullicient 
data  for  the  modification  alluded  to. 

32.  T.  BOlidaginis  FiTcn.  %  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  16.)— F(mli<l»»  ferru- 
ginea,  capile  pedibiisqiie  lntHis* ;  fnnis  latissiiiia;  sciitelli  vjililtMioiivexi 
setiB  (tuie  ;  alae  fn.sco-rftionlat.-B,  apice  incisursqUH  tribns.  mi^  inargiuis 
antici  duabusque  postici,  liyalinis  ft  parce  fuseo-inaoulatis. 

Of  a  dinsry  ferruginons-red  ;  head  and  f**et  clay-y«lltiwisli ;  front  exceed- 
ingly broad  ;  scutellnin  very  oonrfx,  with  two  t)riatles  ;  wintis  reticu- 
late with  brown;  the  tip  and  tliree  iiidenfatioiin,  one  on  tlie  anterior 
and  two  on  the  posterior  margin,  hyaline,  sparxnly  dotteil  witli  brown. 
Long.  Corp.  %  0.24—0.25,  J  cuin  terebia  0.26—0-28 ;  long.  al.  0.25— 
0.26. 


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280 


NORTH   AMERICAN    TRYI'KTINA. 


Syn.    Tt}>hritii  a»tfri»  IIauuih,  Iiih.  Injur,  to  Vng.,  3(1  Hilit.,  p.  <)20. 
^If  ifiiii  Kilidaijinii  t'lTcii,  Kirsl  K»*|Miit.  M. 
'J'ri/iH'.ta  sul'diii/iuia  l.oKW,  MoiiuKra|>lis,  etu.,  I,  p.  b'2.     Tali.  II,  f.  li'i. 

If'ih.  NfW  York  (Fitcli) ;  AVa>liiiifrt()ii  (OHti'ii-Suckcn) ;  N^w 
Kiigland  (lliirris).     [('miada. — ().  S.] 

OhHtTralinii  I. — To  the  description  of  this  H|)c<'i«'S  in  tin" 
MoiioijraiJiK,  Vol.  I,  \  may  add,  hy  way  t»f  corrt'ction,  that  ilic 
coHtuI  spiiio  of  the  winirs  is  not  nltop'thcr  wanting,  hut  that  it  is 
very  sli(»rt  and  weak,  and  licncc,  in  some  spcciniens,  hardly  visiliic 
The  words  "tlui  first  lonj;itndinal  vein  alone  l)einjj  haiiy,"  in  tlie 
observation  to  tlie  al)ove  description,  only  meant  that  the  lirislhs 
upon  that  vein  were  more  like  liairs,  and  not  that  this  vein  ahuie 
is  provideil  with  bristles;  the  third  vein  also,  bears  weak,  hair- 
like  bristles. 

ObHervatio}}  2. — liaron  Osten-Sacken,  havinj?  seen  the  orifriiial 
specimen  of  TijiliriliH  asliriti  Harris  in  Mr,  JIarris's  eolieclinn 
in  the  museum  of  natural  iiistory  in  lioston,  has  settled  its  iden- 
tity with  Acinia  soliilayinin  Fitch.  Harris's  name,  alt'ioufrh 
based  upon  an  error  in  the  name  of  the  plant  upon  which  this  tly 
undergoes  its  transfornmtions,  wouUl  have  to  be  retained,  but  fur 
the  circumstance  that  Mr.  llaliday  hud  jjreviously  used  it  fur 
anotlier  I'lurojtean  Tri/jxta. 

OhMTvalion  H — Amonjj  the  genera  e.'^tablished  for  tlie  Iliiro- 
poaii  TrijiH'tina,  0.ri//)hora  is  the  only  one  in  which  7'.  tiolidd- 
ginis  might,  perhaps,  be  placed.  Among  the  Kuropean  sjiecies 
O.rijiihora  Schsefferi  Frnf.  is  nearest  to  it  in  its  general  nppcar- 
ance;  the  outline  of  the  wings  reminds  somewhat  of  O.  H'cs/* /- 
manni.  The  much  heavier  body,  the  strikingly  broad  front,  and 
the  much  broader  cheeks,  as  well  as  the  peculiar  sliai)e  of  the 
wings,  which  are  broadly  rounded  at  the  tip,  the  heavy,  conical, 
not  at  all  Huttened  ovipositor  of  the  female,  isolate  this  ppecios 
sufficiently  to  justify  the  formation  of  a  new  genus,  for  which  I 
propose  the  name  of  Eurosta. 

83.  T.  comma  Wifd.  9.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  2.)— Sordide  rnfa  ant  fusoa, 
capite  niagno,  thoracis  dorso,  tibiia,  tarsisqiiH  lutesceiitiliu.s;  ala;()l)tu-rt', 
ex  fuspo  nigrae,  gnttuli.s  niiiiutis  niodice  dilutiorilius  ad^pertiSB,  ninciila 
costal!  trigone  coinnia  fnscum  inuludfiite,  limbo  apiois  ai)gustlssiiiio, 
guttulisque  aliquot  coiifertioribu.s  propH  veiiiB  longitudinal's  scxt.T 
apicnni,  liyalinis ;  venft  longitudinali  tertii  setosa,;  scutelluiu  setis 
duabus  iustructura  ;  tercbra  couica,  uon  deprussa. 


DEsruirrioN  of  thk  srrxiEs. 


2sl 


Pinjjy  rfd  or  brown,  bead  InrpH,  thoracic  dorsum,  tibi»,  ami  tarsi  c!ay- 
y««il(>wi.sli  ;  wiii^H  olitUMH,  lirowiiiHit-lilack,  covert*)!  witli  Hiiiall,  tnoili>- 
r.'iti-ly  liiii|>i<l  dropK;  a  t^ian^lllar  iiuleiitiitioii  on  tliu  oonta  voiitaiiis  a 
brown  ('omnia;  a  narrow  lioriltT  alont{  tliH  apex  an<l  a  lirnso  clustKr  of 
(lid])!*  near  tlio  tipoftlo'  sixtii  vt^in,  are  iivaline;  the  thiril  lon^ituilinal 
Vein  Ia  liristly  ;  Buutelliim  witli  two  lirintle.s;  oviimsitor  conical,  n'lt 
llatt.'neii.      Long.  corp.  9  uuui  terel.rA  (l.;{2— 0.:)4  ;   long.  al.  0.30— t". 31. 

Syn.    Tri/i'iid  riimma  Wikkrma.nn,  Ansn.  Zweill.  I(,  p.  478,  4. 
A'hiid  ciniimii  MAcm'AUT,  IHpt.  Kxot.  II,  3,  p.  2lil(,  (!. 
Tri/i>ela  cmnma  Lokvv,  Monographs,  etc.,  1,  p.  93.     Tab.  li,  f.  28. 

This  roiispiouous  species  wa.s  (U'st'ril)i'(l  hy  Wicdcinaiiii  fmm  a 
viTV  inili'-coiort'd  spcciiiii'ii,  wiiich  1  Imve  liiitl  occasiiui  to 
t'Xamiut'.  'riic  culoriiijj;  viirics  from  a  tliii^fy  l)ri('k-rc(l  uliiiii>i  to 
diirk  Itrowii ;  tlio  ui)(li>nicij  espociiilly  is  ol'li'ii  diirk.  Tin-  lar^i- 
licad  i.s  ycllDW  ;  (iio  front  is  iiioro  tliaii  liaif  r.s  hroad  is  tiii;  lnad, 
usually  of  a  darker  yellow;  the  usual  l)ristles  upon  il  are  liinwn 
or  brownisli,  weak,  and  ratliur  short.  Antonnn;  clay-yellow,  very 
short,  not  i-vcn  reu(dnn<jf  to  the  middle  of  the  face.  Face  per- 
]iendieular,  very  littlocxcavated  ;  oral  openinj^of  a  very  moderate 
siz",  and  the  anterior  edj^o  of  the  mouth  not  itrojectinp: ;  oeidar 
orl)its  very  hroad.  Kyes  olonfrated,  hut  the  cheeks  of  a  consider- 
ahlc  breadth,  although  hy  far  not  e(pnillinj^  those  of  the  preeedinjr 
species;  the  pile  up<tn  them  is  i)ro\viiish  or  brown,  sometimes 
paler;  ])roboseis  short,  not  ponicidate ;  the  clay-yellowish 
palpi  broad,  reaehiii}?  to  the  anterior  edjre  of  the  oral  openiiiif. 
Tli(!  upper  side  of  the  thorax  covered  with  a  thick  clay-yellowish 
pollen  and  with  short,  den.so  cluy-yellowish  pile;  the  latter  some- 
times has  a  more  ferru<rinous  tinjr<' ;  the  usual  bristles  of  the 
thoracic  dorsum  are  brown  and  weak;  upon  its  middle  there  are 
only  two  i)airs,  the  anterior  one  very  much  behind  the  transverse 
suture;  it  is  weaker  and  shorter  than  the  posterior  one.  Scu- 
tollum  dark  brown,  very  oonvex,  with  only  two  bristles.  Meta- 
tliorax  and  pleurie  are  sometimes  brick-red,  sometimes  l)rowii  or 
blaekish-i)rown;  the  darker  the  phfura;  are,  the  darker  the  bristles 
upon  them.  Abdomen  uiiiccdorous,  brick-red,  brown,  fir  brown- 
ish-black, with  rather  delicate!  blackish  or  black  pile.  Ovipositor 
not  compressed,  conical,  al)out  as  loiifr  as  the  last  two  abdoniiiial 
segments  taken  together,  with  delicate  black  pile  ;  in  paler  spe- 
cimens the  ovipositor  is  red,  the  extreme  tip  only  black;  in  very 
dark  specimens  it  is  Vdack  with  a  reddish  crossband  upon  thi' 
middle.    Very  dark  specimens  have  blackish-brown  femora;  tiieir 


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282 


NOllTII    AMKIIICAN    TUYI'KTINA. 


tip  and  tlio  tibiio  ore  yjllowi.sli-limwii,  tin;  tiirsi  «liny  yt'lluwish; 
ill  paltT  H|u-ciiiiciis  tihiiu  iiiiil  rciiiuni  an;  nut  miicii  darki-r  than 
llio  tarsi;  front  ft'inorii  with  hliick  lirisijcs;  tarsi,  r>|>crially  tiitir 
first  joint,  Hoiiit'what  lon>r<'r  than  u>iial,  I'spccially  in  'J',  .sulnlti. 
(ji)iis.  Knol)  of  the  hulti-rcs  blackish  or  liiack.  'riie  wiiij^s  lii'uail 
and  vory  oitlusc  at  (hu  end,  l)lackisii-l)ro\vii  or  Itiiuk,  iiM-lniiin^'  ihi> 
exlrt'ino  root;  upon  tht'ir  whole  Hurfaco  aro  u  very  varialilc 
niinilifr  of  very  Hniuil  dots  of  l)iit  nioderule  transparciii-y  ;  ii|miii 
the  anterior  inargiii,  inuni'diuteiy  beyond  tiie  stigma,  tiicre  i>  a 
iriangiilar  hyiilinu  H|)ot,  tlie  tip  of  wiiicii  (h)es  not  tpiite  iciicii  iliu 
third  hiii^itudinul  vein  and  whieli  inclnde.s  u  bhu'ki>h-brii\vii 
cros.sline,  extending  from  the  eostu  to  tiu'  second  l(p|i^;itndiiiiil 
vein  ;  the  end  of  the  sixlli  vein  is  surrounded  by  u  cluster  of  small, 
more  or  less  couleseent  drops,  wiiicli  extends  especially  on  llie 
anterior  side  of  this  vein;  the  extreme  tip  <tf  tlie  wiiij;  has  a  very 
narrow  liyaliiie  border,  wliich  bej^ins  a  little  bt-fore  llu'  tip  of  the 
third  longiludinul  vein  and  ends  beyond  the  tip  uf  tlie  Inniili 
vein;  at  the  tip  of  these  veins  the  bord«'r  is  very  often  inlcrniplcil ; 
on  tilt!  posterior  margin  of  llie  wing  there  are  often  two,  snino- 
tinies  til,  c  or  four,  in  such  a  case  larger,  hyaline  drops.  The 
third  long.tudinal  vt.'in  is  beset  witii  scattered  but  distinct 
bristles;  at  its  end,  it  is  Ktrongly  bent  backwards  so  that  ils 
divergency  from  Iho  peeoiid  vein  is  unusually  large;  the  laitir 
ends  rather  far  from  tiie  apex  of  the  wing;  the  erossveins  arc  Inii 
little  approximated,  tho  sniuli  one  is  oblique,  the  posterior  uiic 
arcuated. 

JJah.   Kentueky  (Wiedemann);   ^Maryland  (Osten-Sacken). 

Olm'rcutiun  1. — This  species  is  suijjeet  to  remaikalilu  varia- 
tions in  the  coloring  of  the  body,  as  well  as  in  the  shape  of  the 
wings;  the  tip  of  tho  latter  is  soinelimes  more,  sonieliiiies  less 
distinctly  obtuse;  all  these  dill'erenees  certainly  do  n<it  constitute 
specilie  distinctions.  The  figure  which  I  have  given  in  the  fust 
volume  of  these  Monographs  was  jirepared  from  a  specimen  in 
the  IJerlin  Museum,  and  as  it  is  bused  upon  a  rather  hasty  pencil 
sketch,  made  many  years  jirevionsly,  it  lays  no  claim  upon  an 
absolute  fidelity.  This  figure  shows  some  discrepancies  however, 
which  raise  a  suspicion  that  this  Berlin  specimen  is  not  Tnjjicla 
comwa  at  all,  but  a  closely  allied  s])ecies. 

Observation  2. —  Trypeta  comma  differs  from  T.  mlid(igini»  in 
its  larger  eyes,  a  less  excavated  face,  and  a  smaller  and  much 


t*-'* 
.)%. 


DKHrnirTKiN  or  the  si'EcrEs. 


283 


iinrrnwcr  omi  opcniiif^;  the  sliapt'  of  tlie  body,  liic  striking; 
brt'tuilli  of  tlio  forclicud,  tlio  liistrilxitioii  of  tliu  hri.sllcs  upon  il 
and  upon  tlic  tlionicic  dorHiiiii  iiiid  .snitclliiiii,  tlu;  sliiipi>  of  tlio 
ovipositor,  llu!  outline  of  tlic  wiiij?.-(,  and  tliu  piillcrii  of  llic  pictiiri? 
ail!  ri'iuarkiilily  analog(»iis  in  both  Hpt-cius,  ko  u.s  to  preclndo  u 
generic  separation. 

31.  T.  latifi'oliH  Lw.  9.  (Tnl..  X,  f.  22.)— Ol.scnrn,  mi-it..,  til.iis 
t:iisiM(|iiH  liitHMifentiliiis,  froiit(4  liitiHi^iiiul,  Huutt^llo  t'onvHMi,  rictis  iliinl)il4 
iiiHlniuto,  (lire  liitiusuiiln*,  coIofm  fiirtco-niKro  piutn,  in  iliHco  purulud  ttt 
Bul)(C(iualitt«r  reticuluto),  in  iliiuiiiii  u|>iualiit  uiiirgiiit*  rudinta). 

CdliiriiiK  (liiik  ;  liead,  tiliim,  and  InrHi  ilny  yt'lli»\vi»li,  front  uniisaally 
l:lr^H ;  tliu  coiivt'X  Hcutelliiiii  wiili  two  lii'i.HtlH.s  oii'.y ;  wing;*  ratlicr 
broad,  with  a  browiiiiili-blauif  pit-tiUH,  upon  tlinir  iiiiddln  HoiiiHwiiat 
H|iarHHly  and  nut  very  evenly  niarl^ed  witli  byalinn  dropH,  tlu-ir  apical 
border  raditttt).     Long.  corj).  9  '"»">  tnrfliri  ().:}(• ;  loiii;.  al.  ('.27. 

Sy.n.  Tri/prta  hitifrons  Lokw,  Monograpl  s,  etc.,  I,  p.  89,  22.    Tab.  II,  f.  22. 

Huh.   Cafolina  (Ziniinenuaii) ;  Coiineelieut  (N'orton). 

Observation. — A  fenuile  from  C'oniuM-licut,  coniiMnMicuted  to 
mo  by  IJai'un  Osten-Saeken,  is  not  nmeli  l)ettcr  pfe.sorvfd  tlian  tbo 
feinalo  from  South  Carolina,  fr(Mn  which  my  de.seriplion  in  the 
Monogr.  Vol.  I  was  drawn,  and  for  this  reason  I  am  not  altle  to 
pivo  a  better  one  here.  Of  the  two  pairs  of  bristles  upon  tho 
thoracic  dorsum  tije  anterior  one  has  dropped  olf;  it  seems  to  havo 
been  inserted  rather  far  behind  the  transverse  8nture.  The 
struelure  of  tlu)ra.\  and  alnlomen,  tho  broad  front,  tho  bi- 
setoso  seutelluin,  and  the  conical,  not  at  all  flattened,  ovipositor, 
indicate  a  relationship  between  this  species  and  the  two  preceding 
ones,  fnjiu  which,  however,  it  dilTors  in  tho  shape  of  tiie  wings 
and  the  jjattern  of  the  picture.  In  the  latter  two  points  it 
reminds  one  of  Trypeta  plalijplei'a  Lw.,  which  dillers  again  in  tho 
more  narrow  front,  a  four-bristled  scutellum,  and  a  flattened  ovi- 
positor. Such  being  the  case,  we  will  be  better  justified  in 
connecting  this  species  with  T.  nolidaginis  and  cumma,  than  with 
2'.  jAalijjdera  and  its  congeners. 


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35.  T.  melaniira  n.  sp.  9.  (Tab  XI,  f.  6.)— Lutea,  metanoto, 
ab<loinini.s  niaculis  in  series  quatnor  di^positis  t^t  terel)r4  l>revi,  atris  ; 
caput  loetiu!*  lutfuiu,  fronte  latis>iiiia,  farie  UKMliue  reccclentf,  antennia 
longis  et  auutis  ;  femora  anteriora  macula  minute  nik;r&  notati«;  alarum 
pictura  fusca,  guttis  majuseulis  hyalinis  reticulata,  quarum  iu  cellullk 
posteriory  secunda  tres,  iu  terti.'i  quatuor  couglobatse. 


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284 


NORTH   AMERICAN  TRYPETINA. 


Clay-yellow;  the  metanotum,  four  rowH  of  abdominal  spots,  and  the  short 
ovipositor,  deep  black ;  beail  of  a  brighter  clay-yellow ;  front  very 
broad,  face  luotlerately  recdipg;  antetniiB  long  and  acute  ;  the  anterior 
femora  with  a  little  black  Hpot ;  picture  of  the  wings  biown,  retiouliite 
with  rather  large  hyaline  drops,  among  which  three  form  a  cluster  iu 
the  second  posterior  cell  and  four  iu  the  third.  Long.  corp.  J  cum 
terebra  0.13—0.14;  long.  al.  0.14. 

Ilcatl  almost  ochreous-yellow,  the  rather  level  face,  poiucwliat 
retreat iii<;  on  the  under  side,  the  moderately  broad  elieeks,  and 
the  lower  portion  of  the  oeeijuit  pale  yellowish.  Front  imiru  than 
half  as  hroad  as  the  whole  head.  Frontal  Itinule  very  fhit. 
Third  antt'imal  joint  iinusnally  lonjr,  with  a  reniarkahly  sliarp 
anterior  eonier;  the  thin,  Inire  arista  is  inerassated  at  its  Imsis 
for  a  short  distanee  ordy.  Oral  opening  rather  large,  roiindi'ij, 
but  somewhat  broader  than  long;  its  anterior  edge  is  neitluT 
drawn  upwards,  nor  projecting  in  the  ])rofde.  Proboscis  and 
palpi  yellowish,  withdrawn  in  the  oral  opening.  The  ])ilo  on  the 
head  is  ochreous-yellow ;  the  ordinary  frontal  bristles  are  brown- 
ish or  brown.  The  ground  color  of  tlie  thoracic  dorsum  is  blackisli, 
with  the  exeei)tioa  of  the  pale  yellow  humeral  callus,  but  very 
much  concealed  under  ochre-yellow  pollen,  and  reddish  oclirc-yd- 
low,  coarse,  and  almost  stubble-shaped  pile.  When  the  thorax  is 
viewed  from  behind,  several  opaque  black,  punctiform  dots  bi'come 
ap})are!it,  especially  two  on  the  transverse  suture  and  two  larger 
ones  between  the  first  and  the  posterior  border.  The  l)ristlos  of 
the  thoracic  dorsum  are  partly  pale  yellow,  partly  brown  ;  viewed 
against  <he  light,  they  appear  dark.  The  scutellum,  which,  in  the 
describe.1  specimen,  is  much  damaged,  seems  very  convex;  it  is 
smooth  and  for  the  most  i)art  yellow;  among  its  four  bsistles,  the 
two  apit'al  ones  are  inserted  on  small  black  dots.  The  abdomen 
is  reddish-yellow  or  almost  honey-yellow  and  somewhat  shining; 
upon  the  second  segment  there  are  four  black  dots  in  a  row,  the 
laieral  ones  of  which  are  small ;  upon  each  succeeding  segment 
the  lateral  spots  become  larger,  and  upon  the  fifth  segment  the 
lateral  spots  completely  coalesce  with  the  middle  ones,  only  a 
median  reddish  line  being  left  on  the  .«egnient.  The  flat,  shining 
black  ovipositor  is  hardly  longer  than  the  lastabdcnninal  segment. 
Feet  rather  dark  ochre-yellow;  the  front  and  inlcrni^Mliato 
femora  have,  U|)on  their  hind  side,  beyond  the  middle,  a  liltle 
black  spot.     The  reticulate  picture  of  the  wings  is  brown,  lihuk- 


-'*^vr^ 


DESCUIPTION   OF   THE   SPECIES. 


285 


ish-brown  within  the  sti-^ma;  the  hyaline  drup.s,  appt'uring  in  c 
dillerent  liglit  whitish,  and  which  peifonite  the  brown  coloring, 
are  generally  large,  but  not  numerous ;  the  stigma  contains  but 
a  single  yellowish  drop;  its  exlremo  basis  also  has  a  narrow  hya- 
line bonier;  the  triangular  cluster  of  larger  drops  which  occurs 
on  the  anterior  margin,  inunediately  beyond  the  stigma,  consists 
here  of  five  drops,  absolutely  separated  from  each  other;  the  end 
of  the  margimil  cell  ••outains  but  a  single  small  drop ;  a  larger 
drop  occurs  below  the  end  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  and  a 
similar  one  under  it,  in  the  first  posterior  cell ;  between  these  two 
drops  and  the  apex  of  the  wing  there  are  four  smaller  drops, 
forming  a  somewhat  arcuated  crossband  ;  especially  characteristic 
for  the  species  are  three  conspicuous  drops  in  the  second  and  four 
similar  ones  in  the  third  posterior  cell,  between  which  the  l)rown 
coloring  is  so  pale  or  faded,  that  they  ap}»ear  almost  coalescent ; 
(this  is  not  well  expressed  in  the  figure,  which  is  kept  altogether 
in  too  dark  a  shade)  ;  upon  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell  there  is 
a  large  drop,  occupying  its  whole  breatlth.  The  third  longitudi- 
nal vein  is  distinctly  bristly  about  as  far  as  the  small  crossvein  ; 
this  crossvein  corresponds  to  the  last  third  of  the  diseal  cell ;  the 
posterior  crossvein  is  straight  and  very  perpendicular. 

Hub.  Distr.  Columbia  (Osten-Sacken). 

Obxervalion. — In  several  respects  this  species  resembles  the 
European  species  of  Carphotricha;  l)ut,  on  account  of  the  strik- 
ing breadth  of  the  forehead  the  unusual  length  of  the  antenme, 
and  the  comparatively  very  even  face,  somewhat  retreating  below, 
it  cannot  well  be  placed  in  that  genus,  especially  when  T.  cuUa 
Wied.  is  admitted  in  it,  on  account  of  its  rather  close  relationship 
to  Carjiotruha  pupillata  J-'all.  As  I  know  of  no  other  species 
with  wnich  the  present  one  could  be  generically  united,  I  prefer 
to  establish  a  separate  genus  for  it,  which  1  call  Acidogona. 

36.  T.  alba  Lw.  %  J.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  11.)— Albida,  alls  coiurolorilms 
iiuiiiaculatis,  capite,  pleiiris,  scutello  secnieiitorunuiiie  aliiloiiiinaliuin 
fiingnloriim  margiue  postico  pallide  sulpluireis,  auteunis,  terebrd,  pedi- 
busque  lutei8. 

Wliitisli,  witii  whitish,  altogether  iinmacnlf,»e  wings  ;  hf>ad,  plpnraB,  fcu- 
tellnin,  and  the  posterior  niargin  of  tlie  single  abdominal  segments, 
sulphur-yellow;  antennrc,  ovipositor,  and  feet  clay-yellow.  Loug.  corp. 
%  0.13,  9  cum  terebra  0.17;  loug.  al.  0.15— O.ltj. 


A 't  I 


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286 


NOUTIJ   AMERICAN   THVrETINA. 


Stn.   Trt/pefa  n!ha  Lokw,  ntrl.  Kntotn.  Zeitsohr.  V,  p.  345,  72,  lb.,  Dipt. 
Atn«r.  (%'nt.  I,  p.  .'<!»,  7-. 
Tryju'ta  tiUia  Ldkw,  Moiiogr.iplis,  «tc.,  I,  p.  100,  18. 

llnh.    P(!nnsylvniiia  (Ostoii-Sackcii). 

■OhHrrralion  1. — I  Imvo  only  the  followiii}^  rciiinrks  to  tmike 
coiicoriiiii}?  this  species,  descrilied  in  llic  iilioveMpioted  phices  iuid 
easily  recofrtiizahle.  The  aiitennue  are  often  not  elay-yellow,  hut 
more  or  h-ss  hri}?ht  oehre-ycdiow,  which  is  espc-ciaJly  the  case  in 
the  l)est  preserved  and  fully  colored  specimens  ;  in  sueli  spccj. 
mens  the  face  is  j)alo  Hulphnr-yellow,  while,  on  the  (ontnuy,  \\w 
front,  probably  in  eonscMpieiieo  of  desiccation,  shows,  iu  other 
specimens,  a  more  dark  yellow,  often  inipnn;,  hue. 

OhxiTvalion  2. — This  and  the  next  followinj^  species  show  a 
strikiuf?  a^rrcenient  in  all  plastic  characters,  especially  in  the 
Ktrnclureof  the  head,  and  the  characteristic  outliiu;  of  the  winjrs, 
so  thsit  they  may  1)0  considered  as  the  types  of  a  new  jiciins,  dis- 
tinjfuislied  from  the  related  ones  by  the  ubovo-menlioiied  chiUiic- 
ters,  and  which  may  bo  called  AHpilota. 

31.  T.  albidipeiiniH  Lw.  %  J.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  in.)— ^Mgro■<•inp^',1, 
thoracis  dorso  :ilt)icniii.H,  (rapite,  tliora<'is  vitlA,  latcrali  sciiti'lioiine  siil- 
phiii't^is,  alarum  aibidarmu  sliginate  fu8co,  terubrd  f<uuiiii;i>  atra. 

Blackisli-gray,  tboracio  dorsnm  whitish;  li-ad,  .a  stripo  on  Uih  l.itiral 
margin  of  tliH  thorax,  ami  the  Bcutollniii  Kuipiinr-yeliow  ;  wings  wiiilisii 
with  a  Inowii  stigma;  tlio  ovipositor  of  thti  female  black.  Long,  ((mji, 
%  0.17,  9  cum  tHrwbra  0.20;   long.  al.  0.18— 0.1  i). 

Syn.    Tii/petd  alhidif.^nnis  Lokw,  Herl.  Entom.  Zeitschr.  V,  p.  34r),  7''>,  and 
Dipt.  Ani«r.  Cent.  I,  p.  3!(,  73. 
Trypvta  alliidi/ienuin  Loew,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  100,  19 

JIab.  Pennsylvania  (Osteu-Sacken). 

Observation. — The  antenmc  are  usually  more  ochre-yellow  than 
ferruf^inou.s-yellow.  The  g<!neric  hx^ation  of  this  species  has  i)ciMi 
mentioned  in  the  note  to  the  preeedi.;;^  one. 

38.  T.  YernoiiiO!  Lw.  %  9.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  8.)— Dilute  Intea,  fapil", 
thoracis  vittil  uiarginali  iu  pleuras  dilatatil,  8(nitello(jue  i)uriuH  llavis, 
thoracis  dorao  sut)bHlvo,  nictanoto  nigro ;  alarum  diniidinju  bas.ih' 
inipictum,  apicale  colore  subfnsco  grosso  reticulatuni,  gnttis  magnis  coii- 
flueii  ibua,  ita  ut  faacire  tres  valde  in,'»'(iuales  fusi'fe(!onspiciaiitnr  ;  jiiinii 
inco-  ipletA,  et  obsoletiore,  aecundi  intcgra,  t»»rti4  postice  abbreviata. 

Pale  I  lay-yellowish ;  head,  a  lateral  thoracic  stripe,  dilatcil  n\»>n  tlm 
pleurm,  aii<l  the  acntellum  of  a  i)nrer  yellow,  tlioracic  dorsum  iihimi 
isabcUe-yellow,  uielanotum  black;  the  basal  half  of  the  wings  ia  iuima- 


DESCRIPTION   OP   THE   HPEOIES. 


287 


cul.ite,  tlie  apical  half  hIiows  a  very  poarse  brownish  mfioulntion,  tho 
lar;;«  liyaliiin  drops  (if  wliich  coalnso"  in  hiicIi  a  inaiiii»*r,  that  three 
brown,  irrt'Kiiiar  crossliands  nrM  forn>«il  ;  tho  first  is  only  in(!oni|)let«ly 
dt)Vnlii|)t'il  anil  ralli«r  faih^l,  llic  st-cond  compU'tw,  tint  third  altiirt-viatHd 
postjTJorly.  Long.  corp.  %  O.lS,  ^  cum  terebri  (M!2  ;  long.  ai.  (».17 
— O.IH. 

8vN.    Tijipitn  Vrrnimiir  LoKw,  R«il.   Kntoui.  Zi'itschr.  V,  p.   34G,  74,  and 
Dijit.  Anier.  C'^'nt.  I,  j>.  4<*,  74. 
Tryyeta   Vernimiir.  LoBW,  iMonoyrapha,  «tc.,  I,  p.  lOl,  20. 

Ilah.  J'eiuisylvoiiia  (Ostcii-S.ickfii)  ;  on  the  iron-weed  (  Vrr- 
nonia). 

Ohserralion. —  T.  Vcrnoniw  afrrees  in  all  the  plastic  rliiiracters, 
ospeciiilly  in  llie  stnietnre  of  the  head  and  the  .sha|ie  (tf  tlit!  winjrs, 
witii  tli«!  two  jtreeedinj^  .species  in  a  very  Htrikinj^  nuinner,  and 
tlio  j)resenee  of  a  pietnro  on  the  win|jf.s  alone  is  not  a  snllieient 
f^roiind  for  a  fjfctneric  separation. 

3!K  T  HOriala  Lw.  ^.  (Tab.  X,  f.  is.) — I.ntea,  alis  ronrolorlbus, 
totis  a>i|nalilius  t-t  obtiisis,  jinr  )na(Miias  inintitas  fnscas  st>riatini  dispusi- 
tas  r»-tiinilatis,  advcrsiis  niaigiiifni  prait«r  Irientt'Ui  busaluui  nigricanti- 
bus,  vtina  longitudinali  tt^rtia  HtHosa. 

Clay-yeilow  ;  wings  of  tlie  sain«  c<dor,  of  a  very  «qual  lireadth,  obtnHP  at 
tho  dtid,  r<'ti(Hil,'ito  with  small  brown  spots  arranged  in  rows;  blackish 
along  the  margin,  except  on  tlis  proximal  third  of  its  extent  ;  third 
longitudinal  vein  bristly.     Long.  corp.  (>.'.24;  long.  al.  (i.2(i — (>.li7. 

SvN.    Trifprtn  striata  LoBW,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  84.     Tab.  II,  f.  18. 

Ilnh.    Illinois, 

Ohsi'.rvnlioii. — Should  T.  aerinta  he  placd  in  one  of  the  fronora 
cstal)lislied  for  tiie  Kuropean  Tr[ipvl.i)ia,  it  would  of  eunrs(!  ho 
tho  genus  <).r)jjthora,  tho  most  eharaemristio  nnirks  of  which  iiro 
tho  reticulate  wings  and  the  bristles  on  tho  tliini  vein.  Ami, 
indexed,  this  species  reminds  one  vimt  mnch  of  ().r;//>/iora  Wc^/rr- 
matvii  .Meig.  in  tho  very  peculiar  shape  of  the  wings,  and  oven  in 
the  coloring  of  till'  body  and  the  pattern  of  tlii'  picture  of  the  wings. 
Hut  when  wo  hear  in  mind  tiiat  this  European  sp(!cies  occupies 
ill  the  genus  a  very  isolated,  in  fact  an  artificial  position,'  it  will 
api)ear  more  luitnral  to  withdraw  <>.  nv,s7cr/na/?»i  from  the  genus 
and  to  form  a  new  genus  of  it,  together  with  tho  al)ove  described 
as  well  as  the  next  following  American  species.  This  g"nus  may 
be  called  Iclerifn. 


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1  Tho  Kuropean  ().ri/i>linra  Srh<iJ/cri  Egger  sharea  this  exceptional   jiosi- 
tiou,  though  for  other  reasous. 


238 


NORTH   AMEUICAN   TKYl'KTIXA. 


40.  T.  cil'cinata  n.  sp.  ■J,  9 . — Lutea,  alls  concoloribus,  totis  ipqua- 
liluis  et  olitusis,  per  circulos  fusios  inter  se  coliienMites  retiiulatis, 
adversua  niargiiiHin  prster  dimidiuiu  ba^ale  ni^rijautibus,  veud  luugU 
tuiUiiali  tertia  seloa^. 

t'lay-yellow,  wings  of  the  same  color,  of  very  eqnal  breaiUh,  obtuse  at 
tlie  end,  reticulate  with  siuall,  brown,  contiguous  cirub-s  ;  intuscalH.l 
along  the  margin,  except  upon  its  first  half;  tlie  third  longitudinal  vnin 
bristly.     Long.  corp.  '^  0.24,  9  cuui  terebrft  0.27;   long.  at.  U.2(J — 0.27. 

Tho  resemblance  of  this  species  to  T.  acrluta  is  so  striking  tiuit 
one  \V(j«lil  almost  be  tempted  to  take  it  lor  a  mere  variety.  Jldw- 
ever,  tiie  picture  of  tlie  wings,  perfectly  identical  in  both  .scxt-s, 
shows  such  dillerences  from  that  of  '1\  !i('rt(ila,  as  occur  in  closely 
allied  species,  but  not  in  a  variety  of  the  same  species.  While 
the  reticulation  of  T.  scriata  consists  of  small,  angular  brown 
spots,  arranged  in  double  rows  between  each  ]tair  of  longitudinal 
%  Mn.s  on  the  middle  of  the  wing,  in  the  present  species  the  spots 
are  replaced  by  small  brown  ringlets,  mostly  closed,  but  some  of 
them  open,  and  connected  with  each  other.  The  infuscatcd  por- 
tion of  the  anterior  margin  in  T.  seriata  begins  before  the  end 
of  the  au.xiliary  vein  and  fills  the  stigmatical  cell  entirely,  with 
the  e.\cei)tion  of  a  but  little  pi.'rceptible  clay-yellow  drop  iit  the 
tip,  and  a  similar,  obsolete  drop  at  tlie  basis;  between  the  ends 
of  the  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  there  arc,  be^i'ies  the 
somewhat  hyaline  sj)ot  immediately  beyijiid  the  foniicr,  only  two 
brownish-yellow  drops  near  the  anterior  margin.  In  2\  circinafa 
the  extreme  tip  of  the  auxiliary  ^cin  and  the  spot  on  the  cosla 
corresponding  to  it  are  black,  Init  there  is  no  trace  of  dark  color- 
ing in  the  costal  cell  before  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein  ;  the 
stigma  is  rather  saturate  yellow,  and  has  upon  its  middle  a  con- 
siderable rectangular  black  spot ;  the  pale  spot  which  follows 
imnuMliately  upon  the  tip  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein  is  more 
extensive,  but  less  limpid,  and  the  two  drops  which  lie  between 
it  and  the  second  longitudinal  vein  are  niiicli  larger  and  more 
limpid,  so  that  they  entirely  interrupt  the  black  border  along  the 
anterior  margin.  A  similar  interruption  is  caused  by  a  drop 
immediately  beyond  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  which 
is  entirely  waniting  in  Trypeta  srriata.  By  these  complete  brenks 
in  the  black  anterior  border  Tnjpetn  circinafa.  is  very  easily  dis- 
tinguished fro.n  Tri/ppfn  Kerinta,  whicl!  has  only  one  break  of  this 
kind  immediately  beyond  the  apex  of  the  first  longitudinal  vein. 

Hub.  New  York  (Mr.  Akhurst). 


!i>  'vr''  '■ 


DESCRII'TION    OF    THK    SI'KCIKS. 


289 


41.  T.  Liclltensteiiiii  Wikd.  %.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  9.)— Tola  Intea ; 
alae  diliitH  ciiimeo-liyaliuje,  gutti.s  tnajusculis  jilbiuantibus,  uiaiulisque 
tribus  fusco-nigris  varieguta;,  iiiiiiii'i  Ijaruin  reliiiiii.s  iiiiiioi-H  et  a  stixmalri 
oblicjiie  (lecurreiitf,  sci'inula  (jiiadraiimila  ft  Vi-iiaiii  tiaiisvei>aiii  jioste- 
I'ioivm  iuuludtiUte,  teiiiu  dmiique  pnuiib  duabu6  uiujuiu  ut  apii-eiu  ah») 
ciiigi'Ute. 

A i together  clay-yt^llow ;  wings  grayish-liyalinp,  with  rallier  larpe  whitish 
drops  and  three  brownifli-lihick  spots,  the  lirst  aiuong  whiuh  is  smaller 
than  tiie  otiiers  and  descends  from  the  stigma  in  an  obliijue  direction, 
the  second  is  square  and  includes  tlie  posterior  crossvein,  and  the  tliirii 
is  larger  than  the  two  jjreceding  ones  and  forms  a  border  along  the  apex. 
Long.  corp.  0.22;   long.  al.  0.2:5. 

Syn.    Tni/irfn  Lichtenstehiii  Wikfikmaxn.  Anss.  Zweill.  II.  p.  407,  31. 
Tri/jiiht  [.icktensteinii  LoiAV,  Monographs,  etc.,  1,  p.  !t2.     Tab.  II.  f.  25. 

("liiy-ycllow,  the  pilo  on  liond,  tluirux,  Jiiid  fret  ydlowisli;  the 
li"istk's  vellow  or  vt'lliAvish-Id-owii,  accortliii";  to  llie  liiriit  in  which 
tlifV  arc  soon;  the  ]ii!o  on  the  al)(h>ineii  yflh)\vish  at  the  hasis 
only,  lilack  elsowiuTc.  Front  of  a  iiioro  vivid  yellow,  rather 
hniad,  with  long  bristles,  the  eyes  rather  larti'e,  oval;  cheeks  of  a 
medium  breadth.  The  face  rather  retretitinir,  somewhat  excavated 
under  the  antenna};  the  anterior  ed<i'e  of  tlie  mouth  not  projeeting 
in  the  jtrofde.  Antennse  yellow,  of  medium  lenj^tl. ;  tiie  third 
joint  with  a  roumled  anterior  corner;  the  rather  lon;.^  arista  i.s 
much  inerassuted  at  its  extreme  l)asis,  otherwise  very  thin  and 
liare.  Oral  oi)eiiini!:  rather  large,  rounded;  jialpl  and  ])roboseis 
nut  projectiuiT  l)eyond  it;  the  latter  not  irenicidated.  The  middle 
of  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax  si'etns  to  have  Ijornc  oidy  two  pairs 
of  ))ristles.  The  very  moderately  convex  scutellum  bears  four 
bristles.  Soutellum  anil  abdomen  are  more  shininu"  than  the 
thoracic  d<jrsum,  which  is  opacpie  in  consequence  of  a  yellowLsh 
pollen;  abdomen  without  any  picture.  Wings  rather  long  and 
<»f  nearly  equal  breadth;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  distinctly 
Ijristly  for  a  consideral)le  portion  of  its  length;  erossveins  straight 
and  steep;  small  crossvein  a  little  beyond  the  nnddle  of  the  discal 
cell.  The  picture  of  the  wings  is  a  very  ])eculiar  one;  its  jirin- 
eipal  feature  consists  of  three  very  conspicuous  ])rownish-black 
spots;  the  smallest  ainnug  them  has  the  slia])e  of  an  oblicpie, 
somewhat  irregular  half-erossband ;  with  its  anterior  end  it  covers 
the  tip  of  tlie  stigma,  with  its  ])osterior  end  it  covers  the  small 
•'iMssvein  and  suddenly  sto]is  near  the  fourth  vein ;  the  second 
spot,  which  covers  the  posterior  crossvein,  1ms  a  square  shape,  is 
19 


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290 


NORTH    AMEKICAN    TIIYPETINA. 


higher  thaa  broad  and  reaches  fruui  the  fourth  vein  to  the  poste- 
rior margin;  the  tliird  spot  furius  a  broad  nmrgin  of  tiie  tip  n(' 
the  wing,  which  begins  not  far  beyond  the  lirst  longitudinal  vein 
and,  gradually  increasing  in  breadth,  reaches  beyond  the  htiiiii- 
ning  of  the  second  posterior  cell.  The  outlines  of  these  three 
spots  are  irregular  and  sinuate.  The  remaining  surface  uf  the 
wings  is  grayish-liyaline ;  held  against  the  light  this  grayi>li 
surface  shows  some  round,  whitisli  spots  of  a  rather  ec^nsidcialilo 
size,  occurring  especially  within  the  sinuosities  along  the  nuirniiis 
of  the  dark  spots,  however,  without  following  their  outline  e.xact  I  v. 
In  some  places  the  grayish  tinge  of  the  wings  becomes  infuscatcd, 
thus  forming  several  other,  probably  very  variable,  spots;  llii; 
typical  specimen  shows  the  following  ones:  a  narrow  little  sput 
in  the  middle  of  the  anterior  margin  of  the  costal  cell ;  a  lnHik- 
shuped  spot,  which  begins  at  the  anterior  end  of  the  third  brnwn 
spot  and  runs  to  the  second  vjn;  a  small,  tliimble-shapcd  spot, 
situated  on  the  fourth  vein,  a  little  beyond  the  posterior  crossviiii 
and  directed  forwards ;  a  little  spot  upon  the  posterior  niariiiii, 
in  the  middle  between  the  second  and  third  of  the  large  hruwii 
spots ;  a  punctiform  dot  upon  the  middle  of  the  discal  coll ;  a 
larger  spot,  behind  the  preceding  one,  within  the  third  posteiidr 
cell;  finally,  behind  the  latter,  upon  the  posterior  margin,  another 
small,  faded,  little  spot.  It  is  probable  that,  sometimes,  tin- 
greatest  part  of  the  grayish  surface  becomes  browni.s]i,  and  then 
it  may  happen  that,  in  some  specimens,  beyond  the  root  of  the 
wing,  but  little  pale  colored  portions  remain,  except  the  large 
drops  with  a  whitish  reflection.  The  fact  that  the  described 
specimen  does  not  seem  to  be  a  fully  matured  one,  serves  to 
confirm  this  supposition. 

ffab.   Mexico  (Wiedemann). 

Observation  1. — Description  and  figure  are  prepared  after  tlie 
same  specimen  in  the  Berlin  Mnseum,  which  Wiedemann  had 
before  him  in  drawing  his  description.  In  the  figure,  tiie 
engraver  has  represented  the  large  whitish  drops  somewiiat  more 
vividly  than  they  appear  in  natnre.  The  relationship  of  T. 
Lichtensteinii  to  the  two  preceding  species,  is  close  enough  to 
enable  us  to  place  it  in  the  gonus  Ictericn. 

Obi^ervation  2. — Among  the  species  deseril)ed  in  the  sequel, 
Tnjpcta  sequalis  (Tab.  X,  f.  20)  stands  next  to  the  species  of 
Icterica  in  the  shape  of  the  wings.     But,  besides  the  fact  tliat 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE    SPECIES. 


291 


its  wings  arc  neither  as  equally  broad,  nor  as  obtuse,  as  those  of 
the  species  united  in  the  genus  hierica,  that  species  ditrers  also 
in  the  absence  ol'  bristles  upon  the  third  vein. 

43.  T.  hum  ills  Lw.  ^  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  17.)— Luteo-cinerea,  capite 
pedibu^que  saturate  tlavis,  fuiiioribua  tauiuii  iiigri.s  adversus  apiceiu  in 
iiiaru  late,  in  loiuiiiia  lati8^iiule  Havi^;  iieriritoiiiiuui  valde  productuui, 
proboiiuiis  geiiic-ulata,  alie  rare  retioiilatte,  Htigiuate  atro,  iion  giittato. 

Yellowiali-gray  ;  head  and  feet  satur<<t«  yellow  ;  the  femora  black,  a  ton- 
siderable  portion  at  tiieir  tip  in  the  male,  a  still  more  considerable  one 
in  the  female,  yellow  ;  edge  of  the  mouth  very  much  produced,  proboscis 
geniculatt'd,  wings  sparsely  reticulate,  tlie  black  stigma  without  pale 
drop.s.  Long.  corp.  ^  0.09 — U.l,  }  cum  terebraO.U — 0.12;  long.  al. 
0.11—0.12. 

Syn.  Acinia  picciola  Bigot,  R.  de  la  Sagra,  Hist.  Fis.  Vcd.  VII.     Tab.  XX, 
f.  10. 
Trijpeta  humilis  Loew,  Monogr.  etc.  I,  p.  81.     Tab.  II,  f.  17. 

Ilah.  Cuba  (Poey,  Gundlach).  [Key  AVe.st;  comniunicateu  by 
,:Mr.  Burgess.     O.  S.] 

Ok^crcaiion  1. — Tiie  saturate  yellow  coloring  of  the  apex  of 
the  femora  in  the  male  has  a  rather  considerable,  but  at  the 
same  time  variable,  extent;  in  the  female,  the  yellow  sometimes 
occnities  so  much  space,  tl'at  the  blackish  color  remains  visible 
at  the  basis  of  the  femora  only.  Females  with  the  femora  as  pale 
as  that,  mentioned  by  me  in  the  first  part  of  these  Monographs, 
seem  to  be  rare,  as  among  the  numerous  specimens  of  my  collec- 
tion that  single  one  only  is  io  be  found. 

ObHervation  2. — To  recognize  the  present  species  in  the  Acinia 
■picdola  Bigot  is  not  possible.  Nevertheless  the  synonymy  is  not 
doubtful,  as,  through  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Gundlach,  I  have  been 
put  in  possession  of  numerous  typical  specimens.  It  is  to  be 
regretted  that  Mr.  Bigot  has  given  the  species  a  name  which 
cannot  possibly  be  admitted,  unices  names  like  liUlella,  petitella, 
kleinella  for  any  small  species  were  likewise  tolerated. 

ObKervation  3. — The  strongly 'produced  oral  edge  and  the 
strikingly  gcniculated  proboscis,  with  its  very  much  prolonged 
flaps,  reaching  backwards  as  far  as  the  mentuni,  define  this 
species  as  an  Ensina.  As  soon  as  oxotic  species  are  taken  in 
consideration,  this  genus  cannot  be  maintaiivHl  within  exactly  the 
same  limits  which  I  defined  for  it  in  my  Monograph  of  the  Euro- 
pean species.     A  part  of  the  species,  whici;  I  placed  there  under 


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NORTH    AMKKJCIAN    THVPETINA, 


tlie  head  of  Oxi/na,  as  for  instance  Ojijna  flnnrfafula  L\v..  and 
ils  coiigonors,  will  have  to  be  admitted  in  the  j^ciiuri  E))Kiiin. 

Observolion  4. — A  Brazilian  species,  not  rare  in  collcttioiis, 
likewise  Ijelongiiig  to  Eiisina,  is  so  very  like  huinili>t,  tiiat  I  givo 
liere  its  descriptiou,  iu  order  to  avoid  a  possible  confu.sion. 

T.  peregrina  n.  sp.  %  <$  .  (Tab.  X,  f.  3(i.)— LntHo-oincrea,  alMjnininH 
nigio-iiiHuulato,  geiiis  angu^tiHsiiuiH,  )><>i-iMtoiiiio  exiiuie  piDilm  to,  ]>ro- 
lii)sui(li.s  gt^iiii'iiliitffi  liilinlliH  longii^Miiiiiii,  aliri  eloii^alis  et  Hii)>!iM|ualiiHr 
fuM'o-reticulatis  ;  pt-iles  lutui,  ba.siili  feiiioium  piwtiuormu  iliiiiidiu  pit  en; 
tt«rulira  fcDuiiiiie  atra,  tribud  ulliaiiu  abduiuiiiid  segintjuti^  (tiiiiul  tjumtid 
loiigiore. 

Yellowisli-gray,  abdompn  spotted  with  black ;  tbe  cbet'ks  very  narrow, 
the  oral  eil^c  very  imicli  prodiicfd,  tlie  Hups  of  ibe  gf  iiiculattd  ijioIid-cih 
Very  rmicl)  proloiigeil ;  wings  comparatively  long  anii  vatlier  unifoimly 
reticulated  with  brown;  feet  of  a  saturate  yellow,  ba^al  ball  ol  liie 
bind  femora  black  ;  ovipositor  of  tbe  female  black,  larger  than  tlie  la.^i 
three  abdominal  segments  taken  together.  Long.  curp.  '^  (Ki'J. — U.K>; 
9  cum  terebra  0.14— O.IG;  long.  al.  0.13—0.14. 

Resembles  T.  snrorcula  Wied.  from  TenerifTe  and  the  European  7'.  flmi-* 
(jatulii  Lw.  very  much,  both  in  the  structure  of  the  body  atid  in  gcnfiiU 
apiiearance.  In  tlie  female  sex,  it  dilfers  from  the  latter  easily  by  its 
ovipositor,  which  is  once  and  a  half  as  long;  the  male  is  easily  distin- 
guished by  several  features  of  the  picture  of  the  wings,  whirh  in  other 
respects  is  very  niucli  the  same:  namely,  the  drop  which  lies  at  the  tip 
of  the  submarginal  cell  is  not  jiresent  '.ii  7".  iloiH/dltdn  ;  in  the  dark  culoi- 
ing  at  the  extreme  end  of  the  discal  cell  there  is  only  a  single  hyaline 
drop,  while  in  T.  dDiujatula  there  are  several  of  them,  usually  three. 
From  7'.  humilis  it  dilfers  sufficiently  in  the  scntellum,  wiiich  is  tinged 
with  ytdlow  at  the  tip,  in  the  coloring  of  the  feet  and  in  the  picture  of  the 
■wings.  Yellowish-gray  ;  the  head,  of  the  satne  structure  as  in  tbe  species 
just  compared  with  it,  rather  saturate  yellow,  as  well  as  antennfe.  palpi, 
and  proboscis  ;  the  occiput  alone  in  part  gray.  Front  long  and  not  very 
broad;  along  the  orbit  with  a  narrow,  rather  whitish  border.  Anteiniaj 
rather  broad,  not  quite  descending  to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth, 
which  is  somewhat  drawn  upwards  and  remarkably  projecting  in  the  pro- 
lile.  Kyes  rounded  ;  cheeks  very  narrow.  Oral  openi'ig  very  much  drawn 
out ;  the  very  elongated  flaps  of  the  geniculated  proboscis  reach  backwards 
to  the  nientum.  Tlie  usual  bristles  of  the  front,  the  thorax,  and  the  scn- 
tellum are  black;  the  latter  is  yellow  at  its  tip  only.  The  abdomen  is  of 
the  same  color  as  the  tliorax,  and  bears,  like  the  latter,  some  short,  jvile 
yellowish  pile,  while  the  longer  hairs  on  the  posterior  border  of  the  last 
Segments  are  black.  The  flattened  and  only  moderately  pointed  ovipositor 
is  shining  black  and  a  little  longer  than  the  last  three  abdominal  segments 
taken  together  ;  its  short  pubescence  is  almost  without  exception  black. 


I'm 
m 


DESCUiniON   OP  THE  srEriEs. 


203 


Ft»et  dark  yellow,  only  the  hind  femora  are  brownish-hlack  heyond 
thfir  middle,  and  the  otlter  femora  somewliat  infusoateii  near  the  root  and 
with  a  bruwn  Htripe  on  the  under  Hide.  The  wiii^s  are  e!(ini{iited,  liyaline, 
witii  a  grayi.sh-tjrowu,  very  loose,  hut  not  discunnectHd,  rfticulittion  ;  the 
root  of  t)ie  wiug8  in  uot  spotted  up  to  tlie  end  of  the  (tuiall  hti-;il  cells; 
beyond  this,  up  to  the  stigma,  there  are  only  three  inconspicuous  grayish 
spots.  The  grayisli>browu  stigma  contains  a  rather  con>picU(>iis  liyalinv 
drop  (repri'senteil  too  small  on  the  ligure)  ;  a  spot  adjoining  it,  compara* 
lively  small  auil  uot  much  perforated,  reaches  beyond  the  second  vein 
with  two  (Mints  only,  and  contains  a  little  dr<<p  immediately  before  the 
second  veiu.  The  larger  and  less  perfor  ed  spot  before  the  end  of  the 
Second  longitudinal  vein  always  coutaius  a  consiilerable  hyaline  drop  near 
the  anterior  margiu;  between  the  secouil  aud  third  lougitu<linal  veins,  the 
same  spot  contains  two  or  three  small  drops  aud  is  variously  connected 
with  the  remaining  reticul  itiou.  Between  these  two  less  perforated  ^^pots, 
there  are,  in  the  marginal  ;ell  two,  in  the  aubmarginal  three,  large  hyaline 
drops,  which  generally  asmme  the  shape  of  ({iiailrangular  spots,  auil  are 
only  separate<l  by  grayisli-brown  lines,  running  from  one  longitudinal 
Teiu  to  the  other.  Upou  the  remainder  of  tlie  surface  of  the  wing,  the 
reticulation  is  formed  by  rather  cousiderablo  rounded  drops,  and  is  more 
regular;  ouly  iu  the  proximity  of  the  posterior  crossveiu  there  are  uo 
drops. 
Uab.  Brazil. 

43.  T.  anglistipennis  Lw.  %  9- — Cinerea,  capite  pedibunqne 
tlavis,  femoribus  magna  et  parte  nigris  vel  fusois ;  proboscis  non  geni- 
culatil;  alae  subangustatae,  uigro-retioulatae,  in  basi  et  limbo  martfinis 
postici  subimmaculatae,  stigmate  non  guttato,  maoulia  duabus  onlinariis 
obscurioribus  mediooribus,  separatis,  secund4  guttulam  unicam,  rariud 
duas  includente;  terebra  foeminse  atra,  duobus  ultimis  abdominis  seg- 
mentis  simul  sumtis  subaequalis. 

Gray;  head  and  feetyellov.  ;  femora  for  the  most  part  blacker  brown;  pro- 
boscis not  geniculated  ;  wings  reticulate  with  black,  almost  without 
spots  at  the  basis  and  iu  the  vicinity  of  the  posterior  margin ;  the  two 
ordinary  dark  spots  only  of  middle  size  and  st'parafed  from  each  other; 
in  the  second,  one,  rarely  two,  hyaline  drops  ;  ovipositor  black,  almost  as 
long  as  the  last  two  abdominal  segments  taken  together.  Long.  corp. 
%  0.13,  9  0.14—0.15;  long.  al.  0..4. 

Sts.  Tephritig  Leontodontix  Zrtterstei>t,  Ins.  Lapp.  74.5,  6.    Var.  •.  (ex  p.). 
Trijpeta  angiistlpennis  Lof.w,  (rerra.  Zeitschr.  V,  p.  382.     Tab.  II,  f.  4. 
Tcphritis  anifu^tipennis  Zkttersteiit,  Dipt.  Scand.  VI,  p.  2229,  35. 
Tephritix  anjjnslipennis  Loew,  Trypetidae.  p.  113,  No.  24. 
Tephritix  mgreijata  Fradenfkld,  Verh.  Zool.  Bot.  ftes.  XIV,  p.  147. 

Gray;  thorax  vvithoiit  picture;  the  pile  upon  it  is  whitish;  the 
bristles  black.     Abdomon  blackirili-gray,  without  spots  ;   tiic  pile 


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NOKTII    AM»:UIL'AN    TKVI'KTINA. 


whitish,  only  the  bristk'-s  upon  th«'  posloriKr  iiiur>;iii  of  thi-  Ia<.t 
Bc^inciit  are  black.  Ovipositor  hiiick,  hunlly  as  lon^  as  tlic  lust 
two  scjriiKMitM  tukeii  together;  with  distiitct  whitish  pilt'  upon  its 
anterior  half.  Feet  yellow;  tlie  I'eiiiora  for  the  most  |»art  black 
or  brown.  The  wiiij^.s  are  couipurutively  u  little  lon^rcr  tind 
narrower  than  in  most  of  the  related  .spteies.  Th"  ruihtr  dark 
retieulatiou  is  loosely  meshy  aitd  somewhat  diseoiineetcd  ;  it 
disa))pear.s  almost  entirely  in  the  region  of  the  posterior  mar>:in, 
with  the  cxcejition  of  a  lew  little  spots,  which  distin^rnishes  thii 
species  from  the  otherwise  related  ones;  the  black  sli^nia  dms 
not  include  a  hyaline  dot ;  the  two  ordinary  dark  s^xtls  are  of 
moderate  size;  the  lirst  is  connected  with  the  stipina  and  reaches 
from  it  directly  backwards;  the  second  usually  contains,  near  the 
anterior  margin,  only  a  single  hyaline  drop,  which  lies  immedi- 
ately iteyond  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  this  spnt 
reaches  as  far  as  the  fourth  longitudinal  vein;  the  two  rays  which, 
in  the  related  species,  run  from  this  vein  over  the  siM'ond  poste- 
rior cell  to  the  posterior  nnirgin,  are  incomplete  or  wanting;  llie 
j)osterior  crossvein  also  has  only  a  comparatively  narrow  dark 
border,  which  sometimes  exists  on  its  posterior  half  only;  upon 
the  posterior  part  of  the  crossvein,  this  border  emits  a  siiurt 
branch,  (.•haracteristic  for  this  species,  and  reaching  into  llie  ilis- 
cal  cell ;  this  branch  sometimes  coalesces  with  a  second  similar 
branch  upon  the  posterior  side  of  the  fourth  vein,  so  ns  to  include 
a  hyaline  drop;  otherwise  the  picture  of  the  discal  cell  is  limited 
to  a  small  crossband,  lying  beyond  its  middle,  or  there  is  sonie- 
tiujes  before  it,  near  the  anterior  margin  of  the  cell,  another  diirk 
spot,  which  in  some  specimens  becomes  a  second  small  cros.s- 
band;  upon  the  posterior  side  of  the  fifth  vein  generally  two 
small,  dark  spots  of  variable  size  are  observable,  of  which  the 
one  nearer  the  root  of  the  wing  is  often  wanting. 

JIab.  Yukon  River  (Kennieott). 

(Jhxervation  1. — I  cannot  distinguish  this  species  from  the  T. 
avgustipetinis  occurr'mg  in  Scandinavia;  the  typical  pair  afur 
which  I  have  described  it  in  Germar^ti  Zeilxchri/t  has,  it  is  true, 
the  femora  much  less  dark,  but  as  the  specimens  seem  to  Ito 
immature,  I  do  not  consider  this  a  .^specific  difference.  The 
figure  given  in  Gcrmar^s  Zcitschrift  has  not  well  succeeded  in 
the  engraving  and  gives  only  an  approximate  idea  of  the  picture 
of  the  wings. 


PESCIITI'TION    OF   THE    RI'Kf'IES. 


295 


Ohtirrralion  2. — Should  we  (li>liilHito  tlic  |irts('iit  utid  all  the 
lU'Xt.  t'ollowiiif^  spi'cifs  aiiioiif?  the  subgfiH  ru  wliirli  1  liavo  olul)- 
lislied  for  llio  Kiu'opcaii  Tri/jirhiln-,  tlicy  vvniiJd  liavf  td  l.o 
r('ft'iTt'(|  to  tliogoiierii  Oxi/jihura,  Onjna,  'J'rjihriliK,  and  I'rillid, 
The  j;<'i>us  I'rellia  is  easily  distinnuishcd  IVoiii  the  othciH  liy  ihu 
|>ic*tiii'u  (if  the  \viii|rs:  it  eoiisi.sls  iit  ii  eoUhpiciinis  slai-slmped 
black  (U'sijrn  near  the  apex,  while  the  rest  of  the  wiiii;  is  alto- 
pethtT  iiiiniaculate,  or  i.s  marked  with  only  a  lew  isolated  spots, 
at  the  utmost  with  a  very  pale  reticulate  picture.  A  part  of  the 
species  doMcrihed  in  tiie  Hc(pjel,  can  uridouhtedly  lie  referred  to 
i'l't'llia.  Amoiif^  the  reinainiiiff  spcci«'s,  those  woidd  liave  to  bo 
located  in  the  pt'ims  O.ri/ii/iora,  which  have  th(!  third  loiiiriludiiial 
vein  of  the  wiiijrs  beset  with  t)risllcs.  This  character  is  of  a  very 
easy  a|)plication  wiien  n  miinber  of  w«ll-prcserved  specimens  is  at 
hand,  l)Ut  it  becomes  of  much  less  value  when  npi)lied  only  to 
siii^fle  and  indilferently  preserved  specimens.  For  this  reason  I 
am  not  (piite  sure  whctlier  in  all  tiie  species  in  whidi  I  have  not 
been  able  to  discern  the  presence  ef  bristles  on  the  third  vein, 
they  are  rcidly  wantiiifr;  and  hence,  with  the  materiuls  I  now 
posse-;s,  I  am  not  al)le  to  refer  with  certainty  to  Ori/phnra 
the  North  American  species  which  may  belonjr  to  it.  Amonj^  the 
Xorl.i  Atnerican  species  with  a  distinctly  Itristly  third  longitiidiiuil 
vein,  T.  fjcminala  alone  comes  near  the  European  species  of 
OTi/phora,  while  T.tiinida  is  more  related  not  to  the  fi>rm<'i,  but 
to  the  European  T.  (jut/ala  Full.,  and  to  the  American  T  frnm',-^, 
VK'lanogaxlra,  and  mexicann,  in  which  I  iiiu  unable  to  discern 
the  l)ristles  upon  the  third  vein.  Thus,  the  iimintemince  of  the 
genus  Oryphora  for  those  species  only  which  have  bristles  ui)oii 
the  third  vein,  would  separatt^  from  each  other  species  most 
closely  allied.  In  order,  thcrerore,  to  m.-iVe  this  freiiiis  applicable 
to  the  North  American  species,  we  sh'inid  exclude  from  il  all  the 
species  the  picture  of  the  wintrs  of  which  ends  in  distinctly 
developed  rays,  in  which  case  oidy  T.  gemintda  would  remain  in 
it.  Theoretically  there  is  no  oltjcction  to  stub  an  arranji-enieiit ; 
practically,  however,  there  remains  the  dilficulty  of  asccrtaininsf 
positively  tlie  presence  of  bristles  upon  the  third  vein  in  all  the 
specimens  which  I  liavo  at  hand,  and  this  difliculty  compels  me 
to  drop  entirely  the  jrenus  0,rij])h<>ra  for  the  present.  Shoidd  we 
follow  the  sufrprestion  already  made  above,  of  reniovinjr  from  the 
genus  Oxijna  those   species  which  have  remarkably  prolonged 


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NOIITII    AMKRIfAN    IKVI'KTINA. 


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flii|is  of  tlio  jd'olioHcis,  iiiid  pluciiig  Uii'iii  in  the  genus  lUisina, 
llicn  till!  (lill'iTt'iicf  la'twceii  Oaijna  mid  'J'ii>hf'iliH  is  niidcrcd  m) 
Vfiv  siil)llc,  118  U)  iM'coiiii'  uiuivuiiuiili'  lur  my  l's^lly  wl'  u  eiu.s>iti. 
calittii  (d'  Norlli  Aiiifrifiiii  Ti'iji>ftinu,  Iju.'^L'd  us  il  is  u|i()ii  very 
iiihidlicitiiit  luutoiiuls.  Tlio  (|ucsliun  uriHfs,  liuTiduiv,  w  litilur  it 
would  not  l)(!  hotter,  temporarily,  to  briiij?  logi'lhcr  all  the  sniricf, 
to  Ite  dt'seril)t'd  Ix'low  (witli  the  exceplioii  of  tin;  Urclliit)  iiniit  r 
tilt'  lieiid  of  the  f^eiius  'J'i'/i/irilix  or  else  to  distril»ul((  those  .-|M'eiis 
ill  frciiera  on  Honi((  other  primiple.  The  hitter  course  seems  to 
liie  preleralde,  in  renderiiifi;  the  deleriiiiiiuti(tn  of  the  spceies 
easier.  I  would  propose  to  eiill  Trphrilix  tlioHc  species,  the 
picture  of  tho  wiiij,^s  of  which  does  not  form  at  the  apex  distinctly 
develope(l  rays,  and  those;  which  have  such  rays  would  form  a 
new  genus  /Jiuirrsla.  Most  species  will  then  gain  a  pcsiiimi  in 
conformity  to  their  true  relationship,  as  well  as  to  their  iiiiliitiiiil 
allinities;  and  although  it  caniuit  bu  denied  that  the  local  ion  uf 
some  species  will  thus  be  reiiib  red  Komewhat  artilieial,  this  dis- 
advantage cannot  well  bo  avoided  as  long  as  the  knowledge  of 
the  American  fauna  is  not  niont  emiipletu  tlian  it  actually  is. 

That  7'ri/peta  a)i(jus(i/)f'niiin  lielongs  tu  tho  gonus  Tcplirtliti 
results  from  tho  foregoing  explanation. 

44.  T.  fliiaEii:'  Lokw.  %  ?.  (T.it).  XI,  f.  4.)— Ciner«a,  capite  pf.li- 
l)us<iue  Intt'is,  jTolioscidt!  non  gHiiiriiliitiL,  alls  nigro-rHtiiniliUis,  fiisciii 
ol)li({nil  indtt  a  stii^niiito  trails  v«nas  transversalus  ail  postiuum  nine  m.ir- 
giiifin  dii(!t&,  nuu!nlis(]HH  dualius  altHiA  siil)apiciali,  costiB  contii,'iii\  't 
alterd  apicali  iinn  rfticulatis,  Hti^niatiB  iiigri  basi  dilutissiuie  subtlaves- 
ceute,  veii4  longitudiuali  tertiil  uud4. 

Cinereous;  head  and  feet  (day-yellow;  proboscis  not  geniculateil;  reticu- 
latiou  of  the  wings  black  ;  a  crossl)aiid  running  from  the  stigma  over 
the  eroHsveius,  a  spot  near  the  anterior  margin  before  the  apex,  and 
another  one  on  tho  apex,  are  not  reticulate  ;  tlie  basia  of  tho  bhuk 
stigma  is  of  a  very  faint  yellow;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is  not 
bristly.     Long.  corp.  'J, ,  O.ld  ;  cum  terebr&0.24;  long.  al.  0.20 — O.-l. 

Syn.    Trypetafiiiulis  Loew,  Dipt.  Am.  Cent.  II,  78. 

Cinereous,  thorax  and  abdomen  williout  any  picture.  Head, 
antenna;,  and  palpi  rather  dark  yellow,  the  larger  })art  of  the 
occiput  dark  brown.  The  front  is  of  a  very  moderate  breadth ; 
its  usual  bristles  are  black.  The  antenme  do  not  reach  to  1  In- 
anterior  edge  of  the  mouth;  their  .'second  joint  does  not  Iiear  a 
longer  bristlet ;  tho  anterior  corner  of  the  third  joint  is  rouiidiit; 


DESCKll'TKiN    Of   TIIK    8I'E("IE8. 


2117 


till-  nristti  irt  Itul  little  iiicrtts.sutcil  ut  tin-  basis,  It-  pulM'St'oiici-  is 
liiit  Vi-ry  little  pem-ptibltj.  'I'lie  upiirr  siiU-  of  tli»'  tlntrax  licars 
huinc  hliDi't,  yt'llowisli-whitu  pile  niid  idiick  liri.stl'-s,  two  pairs  of 
wliii.-lt  KtMMii  U)  liiivu  bi'uii  iiisi'i'tc'd  upon  its  iiiidilU'.  Si-utclluni, 
ut  the  Imsi.s,  of  tliu  huiih!  color  witli  tlic  tlmrax,  towards  ilic  tip 
inoru  or  U'ss  yidlowisli  ;  it  bears  lour  Itlurk  liristles.  Tlu'  enin- 
paratively  soiiH^wliat  narrow  alMloiiieii  is  likewi.-e  of  the  same 
ciilor  with  tlie  thorax,  its  last  se>;iiieiit  u  little  elonjrated ;  its  sliorl 
pulM'seeiiee  is  yellowish-white ;  the  Iod^  bristles  at  the  einl  of  the 
last  seffiiieiit  are  usually  idaek.  The  Hat  ovipositor  of  the  female 
is  KoiiM'what  longer  than  the  last  two  alMlominal  segments  takm 
together,  red,  blackened  ut  the  root  and  at  the  extreme  tip  only  ; 
its  short  and  line  pile  is  of  a  very  pale  color.  The  wings  are 
cKinparatively  long  and  narrow,  coarsely  reticnlale  with  browni>li- 
black  upon  their  wiiolo  surface  ;  the  njot  of  the  wing,  up  to  a 
little  beyond  the  end  of  the  small  basal  cells,  shows  bnt  some 
scattered  spots;  iip:in  the  rest  of  the  surface  the  single  drups  are 
large  and  hence  rather  close  together,  although  but  little  coales- 
cent;  n<t  drops  at  all,  (»r  ahnost  none,  are  to  be  found  on  a 
crossbaiid  running  oblicpiely  from  the  stigma  over  both  cmssviins 
to  the  posterior  margin  of  the  wing,  on  a  t«pot  beginning  at  the 
anterior  margin  near  the  apex  of  the  wing,  and  on  a  smaller  spot 
upon  the  apex  itself;  the  basis  of  the  black  stigma  forms  a  large, 
limpid  drop,  somewhat  tinged  with  yellowish  ;  the  usual  triangidar 
cluster  of  drops  between  the  stigma  and  the  unperforated  cross- 
band  before  the  apex  consists  of  six  drops,  three  (piadrangular 
ones  between  the  costa  and  the  S(!cond  longitudinal  vein,  a  larger 
quadrangular  spot  and  a  smaller  rounded  one  between  the  second 
and  third  longitudimU  veins,  finally  a  large  round  one  beyond  tlio 
third  vein.  The  latter  vein  has  no  i)ristles;  the  small  crossveiu 
corresponds  to  the  last  third  of  the  discal  cell. 

Hub.   California  (A.  -Agassiz);   Texas  (IJelfrngo). 

Observation. — This  species  is  a  nornnil  Teiihritis. 

45.  T.  Clathrata  Lw.  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  1.').)— fana,  oapite  ppdibusqne 
Havis,  femorilius  litnrA.  i)ii;ricante  signntis,  ati'loinine  t)irai'iani  ni>;i'o- 
macnlato ;  aim  colore  iiiijro  rare  tiinculato-reticnlatfle,  stit;iiiate  atro 
guttain  hyalinani  innlmlentH,  veiii  iDiiu'ituiliiiali  teitiil  nucJd  ;  jit^risto- 
mintn  modice  profluctutn  et  proliosciH  lirevitHr  geiiicnlata ;  tfivlni'i  attr- 
rima,  duobu.s  ultiniiii  abdoiuiui.s  segmuntis  simul  aumtiii  ^etjualiri. 


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298 


NORTH    AMERICAN    TRYI'KTINA. 


Wliifish-gray,  head  and  feet  yt^llow,  femora  with  a  black  streak,  abdomen 
with  two  rows  of  black  (bits,  wiii^s  witli  a  sparse  reticuialion,  almost 
reduced  to  spots;  the  stigma  includes  a  hyaline  drop;  third  loni,'itudi- 
ual  Vein  not  bristly;  oral  edge  moderately  produced,  prolmscis  short, 
geniculate  ;  the  deep  black  ovipositor  is  as  loii^  as  the  hist  two  abdo- 
minal segments  taken  tegetlier.     Long.  uorp.  0.12;  long.  ul.  0.13. 

Syn.    Try/ieta  clalhrata  Lohw,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  60.     Tab.  11,  f.  15. 

JJah.  iMiddle  States  (Osten-Sai-ken). 

Observation. — In  accortiance  witli  what  has  l)0(>n  said  in  tho 
second  observation  to  T.  atKjim/ipcnnis,  T.  clatltruta  hii(in;;s 
to  tlie  genus  TephritU.  Should  the  distril)utiun  adopted  liy  inc 
in  my  Monograph  of  the  Kufopeau  Trypviidtv  be  slrietly  applied 
to  this  species,  it  wouhl,  on  account  of  the  distinctly  gt'iiicuiati' 
l)roi»oscis  with  but  uioderately  prolonged  flaps,  be  refen-ed  to  tlio 
genus  Oxijiia;  and  it  ajrrees  very  well  with  a  number  of  Euro- 
pean species,  placed  in  that  genus. 

46.  T.  geniiliata  Lw.  J.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  1.) — Ex  luteo-cinerca.  capite, 
thor.'icis  margine  laterali,  suutello,  abdominis  diuii<lio  basali,  t'ciiKirmii 
apice,  tibiis  tarsisque  flavis,  pleuris,  nuianolo,  abdominis  niiiciilis  ct 
apice,  terebri  femoribusque  ex  nii;ro  fuscis  ;  alae  i)rjBter  basiui  fiisiic, 
limpi<lo-giittata,  guttnlis  disci  nnnutis  et  raris,  pnttis  marciids  jiosiici 
majoribiis,  anguli  axillaris  confertioribus,  macuiis  denicjiie  dualius 
costalil)us  trigouis  limpidis,  ven4  longitudinali  tertid.  setosa. 

Yellowisli-gray  ;  head,  lateral  margin  of  the  thorax,  s(;utellnm,  anterior 
half  of  the  abdomen,  tip  of  the  femora,  tibia;,  and  tarsi,  yellow  ;  pleurfe, 
inetanotnni,  spots  and  posterior  part  of  the  abdomen,  ovipositor,  and 
femora  blackish-brown  ;  wings,  with  the  exi  eption  of  the  biisj-i,  brown, 
with  pale  drops,  wiiiih  are  small  and  scattcied  in  the  middle,  larunr 
upon  tlie  posteiior  margin,  more  dense  upon  the  posterior  anub' ;  upon 
the  anterior  margin  there  are  two  triangular  hyaline  spots;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  bristly.     Long.  corp.  0.17;  long.  al.  0.20. 

Syn.    Trypplti  geminaUi  Loew,  Dipt.  Am.  Sept.  Cent.  II,  75. 

Head  pi-le  yellow,  only  a  large  spot  tipon  the  occiput  blnckisli- 
brown ;  front  rather  broad;  the  ordinary  bristles  ))nle  brownish 
or  almost  yellowish.  Antennie  dark  yellow;  the  short  pile  upon 
the  second  anteniial  joint  pnh^  yellowish  ;  a  single  more  elongate 
hiiir  is  black  ;  the  anterior  corner  of  ttie  third  joint  is  rather 
sharp.  Face  rather  concave  and  the  anterior  corner  of  the  mouth 
rather  conspicuously  projecting.  Theeks  narrow.  Oral  opening 
large,  rounded;  palpi  and  proboscis  short,  not  reaching  beyond 


DESCRIPTION    OF    THE    SPECIES. 


299 


the  anterior  edj^e  of  tlie  oral  opouiiig;  proboscis  not  {jrcniouliiled. 
The  ground  colur  uf  tlie  npjier  side  of  tlie  tliurax  is  black,  Ixit,  in 
consequence  of  its  j)ulveriiicnce  und  <tf  its  sliort,  yelluwisii  piit",  it 
npi)ears  gray;  upon  its  anterior  margin,  in  ti;e  viciiiily  of  the 
ycllowisli  humeral  callus,  there  are  some  blackish  hairs;  the 
ordinary  bristles,  of  which  I  perceive  only  two  juiirs  upon  the 
middle  of  the  dorsum,  are  brown.  The  lateral  margin  of  the 
thoracic  dorsum  is  yellow ;  scutellum  yellow,  with  four  bristles, 
Metanotum  und  pleura?  blackish-l)rown  ;  the  latter  rather  shin- 
ing; the  bristles  upon  them  for  the  most  part  black.  The  ground 
color  of  the  abdomen  is  yellow  ;  it  has  four  rows  of  brownish- 
black  spots,  which  begin  to  e.xpand  upon  the  third  segment ;  uj)on 
the  fourth  and  the  following  segments  they  coalesce  in  such  a 
manner  that  the  segments  appear  altogether  blackish-brown.  The 
pile  upon  the  abdomen  is  generally  whitish-ydlow,  but  ujjon  the 
black  spots  it  is  black;  the  bristles  upon  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  posterior  segments  are  generally  l)lack.  The  rather  broad 
ovipositor  is  of  a  shining  bhukish-brown,  flattened,  although 
somewhat  swollen  at  the  basis;  its  short  and  very  delicate  pile 
is  not  easily  discernible;  it  seems  to  be  l)ro\vnish.  Femora 
brownish-black,  the  anterior  ones  with  long  black  bristles;  the 
e.vtreme  root  and  the  tip  dark  yclhjw.  Til)ia3  and  tarsi  rather 
dark  yellow ;  wings  of  the  ordinary  shape,  blackish-brown, 
sparsely  guttate;  the  root  of  the  wings,  almost  as  far  as  the  tip 
of  the  small  basal  cells,  is  rather  liyaline  and  almost  altogether 
iramacnlate ;  the  alula  also,  bears  no  si)ots  and  is  without  dark 
coloring;  the  brown  coloring  begins  on  the  anterior  margin  about 
the  middle  of  the  costal  cell,  and  includes  before  its  end  a  rather 
large  hyaline  drop,  close  by  the  margin;  a  smaller  hyaline  drop 
is  placed  upon  the  tip  of  the  l)rownish-l)lack  stigma;  immediately 
beyond  the  stigma,  on  the  anterior  margin,  there  are  two  trian- 
gular, hyaline  spots,  separated  only  by  a  brown  stripe;  their  end 
crosses  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  the  whole  middle  portion 
of  the  wing  is  perforated  by  a  few  isolated,  very  small  hyaline 
drops;  upon  th'3  second  half  of  the  posterior  margin  there  are 
four  large  hyaline  drops,  two  l)eforc  and  two  after  the  end  of  the 
fifth  longitudiiml  vein;  a  fifth,  much  smaller  drop,  is  placed 
much  nearer  the  tip  of  the  fourth  vein;  the  last  portion  of  the 
si.xth  longitudinal  vein  is  surrounded  by  a  cluster  of  somewhat 
larger  spots,  which,  in  consequence  of  the  more  faded   brown, 


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300 


NORTH   AMERICAN    TRYPETINA. 


surrounding  them,  ai)pear  moro  coaloscent;  in  the  posterior  angle 
of  the  wing  the  pale  drops  are  more  numerous  and  ^onu'wlmt 
larger  than  upon  the  middle  of  llie  wing,  and  nioreovi  r,  wi'U 
separated  from  eaeh  other;  the  ai)ex  of  the  wing  shows  between 
the  third  and  fourth  veins  a  very  narrow,  hardly  apparent  hyaline 
border. 

Hah.  Pennsylvania  (collection  v.  Winthem). 

Observation. — In  accordance  with  the  explanations  given  in 
the  second  observation  to  T.  angustipennis  I  leave  Tn/pefit 
(jcminala,  in  spite  of  its  distinctly  bristly  third  vein,  in  thegeims 
Tepln'itis,  but  1  do  this  with  the  explicit  understanding  tliiil  this 
position  is  an  unnatural  one.  In  the  above-quoted  i)lace  I  hiive 
already  explained  why  one  would  feel  tempted  to  place  this 
species  in  the  genus  Oxijphora  on  account  of  the  pattern  of  its 
})icture,  as  well  as  of  the  bristles  upon  the  third  vein;  but  I  must 
again  add  that  this  location  would  not  be  natural.  Its  rather 
stubble-shaped  pile,  the  distribution  of  the  bristles  ujjon  the  fmnt, 
and  the  structure  of  the  antenna}  indicate  a  rather  close  relation- 
ship to  those  European  species  which  I  have  united  in  the  genus 
CarpluAricha ;  nevertheless,  in  some  other  characters  it  differs 
from  tho.se  species  in  a  measure  which  prevents  its  reccjition  in 
that  genus.  A  number  of  South  American  species  stand  in  the 
same  relation  to  the  European  Carphotrichae,  although  they  differ 
among  themselves  in  many  very  striking  plastic  characters.  A 
moro  complete  study  of  these  species  will  result  in  the  breaking 
up  of  the  genus  Carphotricha,  based  upon  too  insufficient  mate- 
rial, and  then  only,  iu  all  probability,  T.  geminala  will  find  its 
true  position. 


4'T.  T.  flicata  Fabr.  %  . — Lutea,  eapite  pedibusqiie  flavis  ;  setre  fpu- 
telli  qiiatuor  ;  alie  gntti.s  hyalinis  uiajuscnlis  sul)raris  reticulata',  ivtis 
parte  postic^.  nninolore  ex  ciiifireo-fiissna,  aiitica,  luteo  «t  fuseo  variii,  ita 
ut  giittnlre  lutcje  pnttif,  hyalinia  interjectse  sint,  marciiiH  antico  strigulis 
qninque  et  macula  subapicali  fuscis  iiotato,  veua  longitudiuali  tertii 
setos^;  proboscis  nou  geniculata. 

Clay-yellow,  head  and  fpf  t  of  a  purer  yellow :  ppntpllnin  with  four  bristles  ; 
the  retwjulatiou  of  tlie  wines,  formed  of  rather  larue  and  moderately 
numerous  b valine  drops,  is  uniformly  eiavish-hrowii  upon  tin'  po-teriur 
part  of  the  win!»s.  yt'llow  and  brown  npnii  the  anterior  portion,  in  such 
a  manner  that  yellowisb  drona  are  mixed  atnontr  the  bv.nline  onis  :  ii|"im 
the  anterior  margin,  there  are  five  small  brown  transverse  streaks  and 


vtv^^ 


DESCRIPTION    OF    TflE    SPECIK8. 


301 


■  before  its  end  there  ia  a  brown  spot;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  .s  heset 
with  bristles;  proboscis  not  geiiiuulaled.  long.  corp.  0.17[;  lung.  al. 
0.20. 

Syn.  Mitscn  fucata  Fabricics,  Ent.  Syst.  IV,  p.  .359,  194. 
Ti'phritis  /'nratn  Fabkicius,  Syst.  Antl.  p.  .321,  24. 
Trypeta  fncnta  Wiedemann,  Au:4s.  Zweill.  II,  p.  50.'),  44. 

Clay-yellowish,  almost  oclire-yollow.  Head  ratiicr  pale  yellow. 
Front  and  sides  of  tlie  face  with  short,  unusually  dense  yellowish 
{lile.  Front  of  a  medium  breadth;  the  bristles  brownish-yellnw, 
brown  towards  the  tip.  Anteniiie  pale  yellow,  of  medium  len<;th, 
roaohinj?  almost  to  the  anterior  edj^i"  of  the  mouth,  which  is  very 
much  drawn  upwards;  the  short  i)ile  on  the  second  joint  is  yel- 
lowish; the  third  joint  has  an  indistinctly  roundeil  anterior 
corner;  antennal  arista  ap])arently  bare,  but  I'tlle  in<'rassated  at 
the  basis.  Face  rather  narrow,  somewhat  excavated,  distinctly 
carinate  l)etween  the  antennal  l'ov(;iL>;  in  the  profile,  its  lower  part 
is  proiluced  in  the  shape  of  a  short  snout.  Kye.s  laruc,  oval ; 
ehet'ks  narrow,  with  yellow  ))i!e  and  bristles.  Oral  openintr  hirtre, 
lonaer  than  broad;  the  rather  br./ad  palpi  yellowish  and  with 
yellowish  i)ile,  reachinjr  to  the  anterior  ed<re  of  the  oral  opcujuo-j 
proboscis  short,  not  geniculated.  The  whole  thorax  is  so  thickly 
covered  with  yellow  pollen  and  short,  yellow  i)ile,  that  its  <rrouiid 
color,  which  seems  to  be  grayish-brown,  is  hardly  visibh-;  the 
ordinary  bristles,  two  ])airs  of  which  arc  inserted  upon  the  middle 
of  the  upper  side,  are  brownish-yellow;  their  tip  is  dai'k  lirown. 
The  gmund  color  of  the  seutelhini  is  pale  yellow,  which  cninr  is, 
however,  but  little  apparent,  on  account  of  a  short  yellow  pile, 
similar  to  that  on  the  thorax;  the  scutelluni  has  fnur  bristles. 
Al)domen  of  the  same  coloring  as  the  thorax;  the  short  iiairs  and 
bristles  are  all  yellow.  Feet  yellow,  willi  yellow  pih',  the  ante- 
rior femora  have  yellowish  bristles.  Tin-  reticnintidii  (if  l  lie  wings 
consists  of  hyaline,  almost  whitish,  rather  large,  iuid  imt  very 
nunn'rous  drops ;  it  <loes  not  reach  the  extrcnu;  root  nf  t he  wings  ; 
upon  the  posterior  margin  ami  at  the  extreme  npeA  of  the  wing  the 
coloring  is  uiufonnly  grayish-brown ;  elsewhere,  it  is  clay-yllow, 
with  a  brown  picture,  which  partly  frames  in  tin;  hyaline  drops, 
partly  includes  little  clay-yellowish  dro))s,  so  that  the  eniirser  reti- 
culation formed  by  the  hyaline  drops,  in  its  turn  appears  reticu- 
liite.  Upon  the  anterior  nuirgin  itself  there  are  live,  in  part 
almost  punctiform,  brownish-black  transverse  streaks;   upon  the 


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302 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


end  of  the  marginal  cell  a  brownish-black  spot ;  the  streaks  are 
upon  the  humeral  crossvein,  in  the  middle  between  the  latter  and 
the  basis  of  the  stigma,  upon  the  latter,  on  the  end  of  the 
stigma,  and  between  that  and  the  tip  of  the  second  longitudinal 
vein.  The  small  crossvein  lies  a  little  beyond  the  last  third  uf 
the  discul  cell.     The  third  longitudinal  vein  is  distinctly  l)ristly. 

ffub.  The  Antilles?  (Fabricius) ;  South  America  (Wiede- 
mann); Buenos  Ayres  (collect.  Wiedemann). 

Obnervalion  1. — Fabricius,  the  first  dcscriber  of  the  species, 
names  Dr.  Pflug  as  the  discoverer,  and  the  South  American 
islands  as  the  habitat,  which  probably  means  the  Antilles.  Later, 
the  s[)ecies  was  described  by  Wiedemann,  who  names  South 
America  as  the  habitat.  It  is  impossible  to  tell  from  the  descrip- 
tions of  both  authors,  whether  they  really  meant  the  same  species, 
although  the  descriptions  contain  nothing  positively  contrary 
to  this  assumption.  As  the  species  is  easy  to  identify,  and  as 
Wiedemann's  identification  was  based  upon  the  comparison  of 
Fabricius's  specimens,  it  can  be  safely  assumed  that  he  has 
described  the  same  species.  My  description  is  based  upon  a 
male,  marked  Buenos  Ayres  and  communicated  to  me  as  a  type 
from  Wiedemann's  collection. 

Ohs^ervation  2. — This  species  may  also  remain  in  the  genus 
Tephritiii,  for  the  sake  of  facilitating  identification,  although  its 
third  vein  is  distinctly  bristly.  This  character  as  well  as  the 
not  geniculated  proboscis,  recalls  those  species  which,  in  my  Mono- 
graph of  the  European  Trypetida3,  I  placed  in  the  genus  ()./•'/- 
j)hora;  in  fact  I  know  of  no  other  American  species  which  stands 
closer  than  T.  fucata  to  the  typical  species  of  that  genus,  as,  for 
instance,  to  T.  corniculata  Zett.,  biffexa  Lw.,  etc.  I  also  call 
attention  to  a  peculiarity  of  most  species  of  this  group,  that  the 
dark  spots  of  the  picture  in  the  female  are  more  extensive  than 
in  the  male ;  this  may  likewise  be  the  case  with  T.  fucata. 

48.  T.  albiceps  n.  sp.  -J  9 .  (Tab.  XI,  f.  5.)— Ex  luteo  ciiiprea, 
capite  alliicante,  fronte,  anteunis,  scntello  pedibtisque  luteis,  abdoiniiie 
bifariam  nigro  maculato;  alae  latiusculje,  prseter  imam  basira  totje  i'olni« 
fusco-nigro  guttato-reticulatae,  guttis  valde  inaequalibus,  in  apice  et  prop« 
venam  traiisversam  posteriorem  quam  in  reliiiuil  al4  minus  coiiferti^!, 
stigmate  nigro  uniguttato,  vend,  longitudinali  tertia  non  setoKA;  tiTpbrii 
fwminse  aterrima,  duobua  ultimis  abdominis  segnieutis  simul  siinntis 
ffiqualia. 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   SPECIES. 


303 


Yellowish-gray ;  head  whitisli ;  fiont,  aiit^iiiiie,  suutellum,  and  feet  yellow ; 
the  abdomen  with  two  lougitiidinal  rows  of  black  spots  ;  ings  some- 
what broad,  and  with  the  exception  of  tlie  extreme  basis,  entirely  covered 
with  a  guttate  brownish-black  reticulation  ;  the  drops  are  of  a  very  un- 
equal size  and  less  numerous  uitoii  the  api'X  and  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
posterior  crossvein;  the  black  stigma  lias  a  li^ aline  drop  ;  tliird  longi- 
tudinal vein  not  bristly;  ovipositor  of  tlie  female  deep  black;  as  long 
as  the  last  two  abdominal  segments  taken  together.  Long.  corp.  ^ 
0.13,  9  O.IG;  long.  al.  0.15—0.10. 

Yellowish-gray ;  thora.x  nnd  abdomen  with  whitish-yellow  pile  ; 
the  latter  with  two  longitudinal  rows  of  black  or  blackish  dots. 
In  well-preserved  specimens  the  head  is  white,  and  it  probably 
ha.s  the  same  color  iu  living  ones  ;  in  some  of  the  dried  .'^pecimen.s 
it  has  assumed  a  yellowish  hue ;  the  front,  with  the  exception 
of  its  lateral  margins,  is  yellowish  ;  the  usual  bristles  upon  it  are 
almost  without  exception  black  ;  the  bristles  upon  the  vertical 
margin  are  pale  yellowish.  Antennaj  pale  yellowish  ;  the  third 
joint  has  an  almost  sharp  anterior  angle.  Oral  o])eniiig  large, 
somewhat  longer  than  broad  ;  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth 
rather  drawn  upwards,  somewhat  projecting  in  the  profile.  Palpi 
l)ale  yellowish.  Proboscis  yellowish,  short  geniculate,  with  but 
moderately  prolonged,  comparatively  stout  flaps.  Tlie  upper 
half  of  the  occiput  is  gray,  with  the  exception  of  the  margin 
along  the  orbit.  The  ground  color  of  the  humeral  callosities  is 
yellow,  while  upon  the  rest  of  the  tliorax  it  is  blackish.  The 
bristles  of  the  thoracic  dorsum  are  all  black,  those  of  the  i)leurtB 
are  partly  black,  partly  pale  yellowish.  Scutellum  pale  yellow  ; 
lateral  angles  and  sometimes  also  the  basis  darker;  with  four 
black  bristles.  The  bristles  upon  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
last  abdominal  segments  have  the  same  pale  yellowish  tinge  as 
the  pile  upon  the  abdomen  ;  only  exceptionally  a  dark  bristle  is 
sometimes  found  among  them.  The  ground  color  of  the  abdo- 
men is  n(tt  quite  constant;  as  a  rule,  it  is  blackish;  I  possess 
specimens,  however,  in  which,  upon  the  posterior  nmrgin  of  the 
second  and  third  segments,  it  is  yellowish-red.  The  ovipositor 
is  shining  black,  rather  strongly  contracted  towards  its  end.  as 
long  as  the  last  two  abdominal  segments  taken  together;  their 
short  pile  is  very  delicate  and  hence  somewhat  difficult  to  dis- 
cern;  it  seems  to  have  the  same  coloring  as  the  pile  on  the  abdo- 
men. Feet  saturate  yellow.  The  wings  have  an  almost  regularly 
elliptical  shape  and  are  somewhat  broader  in  the  female  than  in 


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NORTH    AMEKICAN    TRYPKTINA. 


mw^s 


lljc  nialo  (the  figure  Is  made  from  a  male  specimen).  The  guttato 
reticuhitioii,  which  leaves  open  tiio  extreme  basis  only,  has  a 
hrowMisli-black  coloring,  which  assumes  a  paler  hue  wlierever  tljo 
(h'ops  are  nearer  together;  upon  the  stigma,  however,  and  upon 
the  end  of  the  marginal  cell,  it  becoiues  nearly  l)laek;  the  stigma 
contains  a  rather  consj)icuous  hyaline  drop;  the  drops  upon  tlu; 
ri'Miaining  surface  are  in  general  largo,  upon  the  middle  of  the 
wing,  however,  numerous,  much  smaller  drops  are  interspersed, 
which  perforate  the  dark  coloring  between  the  larger  drops; 
this  also  takes  place  between  tlie  six  largo  drops  which  form  the 
usual  pyranud  of  drops,  situated  Ix'vond  the  stigma;  upon  the 
l)ortion  of  the  wing  beyond  this  pyramid  there  are  generally  l)iit 
very  few  little  drops,  and  those  are  usually  in  the  proximity  of 
the  pyramid;  some  larger  drops,  rather  distant  from  each  other, 
are  also  to  be  found  there,  and  among  these  a  row  of  very  rounded 
drops  along  the  margin  of  the  wing,  sometimes  a  little  remote 
from  it;  they  are  either  of  very  une([ual  size  (as  in  the  iigure), 
or  of  the  same  size ;  the  proximity  of  the  posterior  crossvein 
shows  a  more  considerable  space,  which  is  but  little  perforated. 
The  third  longitudinal  vein  is  not  bristly. 

JIab.  Canada  (Couper) ;  English  River  (Kennicott)  ;  Maine 
(Packard). 

ObmTVAition. — In  the  distribution  adopted  by  me  for  the 
American  species,  the  present  one  W(,u!d  belong  to  the  genus 
Tephritia.  Should  my  distribution  of  the  European  Tr'jpcln'  be 
applied  to  it,  the  shape  of  its  oral  oj)ening  ami  of  the  proboscis 
would  refer  it  to  Oj:i/na. 

49.  T.  CUryptera  n.  sp.  9- — ^^  luteo-cinpi-ea,  abdomino  bifarinm 
nigro-maculato,  capite  et  apice  sciitelli  Haviuantiliiir*,  pcdibus  lutt*is  ; 
aliB  valitu  (lilataffejrotuiidato-ovatse.prwtHr  imam  l>asim  totii'coloi-H  t'nsco- 
iiigrognttato-reliculatse,  guttis  valde  ii)i6tiualibus,inapiL'eet  prope  stigma 
veiiamque  traiisversam  postHrioi'«m  minus  cout'ertis,  stigmate  iiiiiguttato, 
vt'iia  longitudinali  tHrtia  iion  setosa ;  terebra  I'ociiiiiine  alonima,  diiobus 
iiitimis  abdominis  segmentis  siiuul  sumtis  a^qualis. 

Yellowish-gray;  abdomen  with  two  lonsitudinal  rows  of  black  spnts  :  hca  I 
and  t'p  of  tlie  scntelhim  pab*  yellow;  feet  saturate  yellow  ;  wings  very 
broad,  rounded  oval,  with  tin?  exception  of  the  extreme  basis  coveird 
with  a  guttate,  brownish-blaek  reticulation,  the  drops  of  whiidi  are  of  a 
very  unequal  size  and  b'ss  numerous  in  the  vicinity  of  the  stigma,  of  the 
posterior  crossvein,  and  on  the  api>x  of  the  wing  ;  stinma  witli  a  liyaline 
drop ;    the  third  longitudinal  vein  not  bristly ;    the  ovipositor  of  the 


it 


to 


DESCRIPTION    OP   THE    SPECIES. 


305 


female  deep  black,  as  long  an  thu  last  two  abdominal  seguiHiita  taken 
toguthur.     Long.  corp.  cnm  terebra  O.IG  ;  long.  al.  VA6. 

Closely  ullioil  to  'T.  albivf])S  and  very  liko  it,  but  easily  dis- 
tiniriiislicd   by  its  very  broiid  wings.      Yellowi.sli-gray  ;    lliunix 
and  abdonion  with  yellowish-red  pile;    the  abdunicn  with   two 
longitudinal  rows  of  black  spots.     Head  yellowish  ;    front  and 
antenna}  uioro  yellow;  the  usual  bristles  on  the  front  black,  the 
bristles  on  the  vertical  margin  bright  reddisli-yollow.     The  third 
antonnal  joint  with  an  almost  sharp  anterior  corner.     The  oral 
opening  longer  than  broad,  the  upi)er  oral  etlge  somewhat  drawn 
upwards,  distinctly  projecting  in  the  prolile.     The  rather  broad 
palpi  and  the  probosci-s  are  yellowish;  the  latter  short  geniculate, 
with  but  moderately  prolonged,  rather  stout  Haps  ;  the  occiput, 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  point  of  attachment,  grayish.     The  ground 
color  of  the  humeral  callus  is  yello\vi>h,  that  of  the  thora.K  Ijlack- 
ish ;  the  bristles  of  the  dorsum  are  black,  the  two  i)airs  upon  its 
middle  are  inserted  uj)on  very  small  black  dots,  easily  overlooked. 
Scutelluui  yellow  at  the  tip,  with  four  black  bristles.     Ovipositor 
of  the  female  shining  ))lack,  aI)out'as  long  as  the  last  two  abdo- 
minal  segments   taken   together    (in  the  only  specimen    in  my 
])Ossession  the  shape  of  the  ovipositor  is  not  distinctly  discerni- 
ble, but  it  dni's     ot  seem  to  dill'er  from  that  of   'T.  albtcejjn) ;  its 
short  pubescent  c  is  delicate,  and  hence  somewhat  diflicult  to  per- 
ceive; its  c(jloring  pcenis  to  bo  altogether  reddish.     Feet  saturate 
yellow.    The  wings  are  very  broad  and  have  a  rounded  elliptical 
shape.     The  guttate  reticulation  shows  the  most  striking  likeness 
to  tl'.it  of  2\  albicejis,  so  that  the  description  of  the  hitter  may 
1)0  applied  to  tliis ;  the  only  addition  to  be  made  would  b<^,  that 
the  region  immediately  below  the  stigma  is  somewhat  darker  and 
a  little  less  guttate.     Thus  the  figure  of  the  wing  of  T.  albiceps 
gives  quite  a  correct  idea  of  the  wing  of  the  present  species, 
except  of  its  broader  shape;  moreover,  the  three  posterior  drops 
of  the  usual  pyramid  are  smaller,  and  separated  by  larger  inter- 
vals, and  the  intervals  of  all  the  six  drops  are  perforated  by 
much  more  numerous  small  drops.     The  third  longitudinal  vein 
is  likewise  not  beset  with  bristles  in  this  species. 
Ilnb.  West  Point,  N.  Y.  (Osten-Sacken). 
Obxcrvntion. — The  systematic  position  of  this  species  is  exactly 
the  same  as  that  of  T.  albiceps. 
20 


•  1.  '   '    0 

Ms 

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i 


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dl' 


806 


NORTH   AMEUIOAN   TUY1'£T1NA. 


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II 


if-  '^^**  • 


ftO.  T.  platj'ptcra  n.  sp.  5 . — Cinerea,  abdoiuine  quadiifari.iin 
nigro-inaculato,  capito  j)e(libiis(jue  luteLs,  ffiuoiibus  taiiien  posterioribii.s 
nigro-uiaculatis,  scutello  iiigro-  et  flavo-vari«gnti) ;  alae  valdn  dilatatip 
rotuiidato-ovatw,  totne  colore  uigro  guttato-reticulatre,  veiii  Iciigitudiiiiili 
tertiii  iiou  Hetosft. 

Gray,  abdomen  with  four  rows  of  black  spots,  bead  and  fept  yellow,  the 
bind  femora  Kpotted  with  black  ;  scutelhim  variegated  with  vhIIow  .iiid 
black  ;  wings  very  bioad,  ronnded-ovate,  covered  upon  tlieir  whole 
surface  with  a  reticulate  black  picture  ;  third  veiu  not  bristly,  Loiiu;. 
Corp.  cum  terebrd.  U.21 ;  luug.  al.  O.lti. 

Of  this  ppecios  I  possess  a  single  badly  preserved  specimen, 
and  I  would  not  have  attempted  to  describe  it,  but  for  the  cir- 
cumstance  that  it  is  distinguished  by  a  nunilier  of  very  peculiiir 
cliaracters,  which  render  its  recognition  easy,  even  should  the 
description  be  imperfect.  Head  yellowish  ;  occiput  immediately 
above  the  point  of  attachment  somewliat  blackish  ;  on  each  side, 
near  the  basis  of  the  antenna3,  tliei'e  is,  on  the  border  of  the  <  yo. 
a  small,  almost  punetiform,  blackish-brown  transverse  strrak. 
The  breadth  of  the  front,  which  is  distinctly  narrowed  antoriiirly, 
is  comparatively  .'onsiderable,  as  it  equals  half  the  breadth  (if  tlio 
head;  the  usual  frontal  bristles  are  black,  those  upon  the  vciliciil 
margin  are  yellowish-white.  The  third  antennal  joint  is  gently 
excised  upon  its  upper  side,  and  has  a  rather  sharp  anterior  angle. 
Cheeks  rather  broad,  with  a  black  bristle,  in  ffont  of  which,  along 
the  lateral  edge  of  the  month,  there  is  some  black  pile.  Oral 
opening  very  wide ;  its  anterior  edge  is  but  little  drawn  ii[), 
although  rather  projecting  in  the  profile.  Palpi  very  broad, 
reaching  beyond  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth,  beset  with  l)lark 
and  whiti.sh-yellow  hairs.  Proboscis  short  geniculate,  with  mode- 
rately prolonged,  stout  flaps.  The  thorax  of  the  specimen  is 
greasy,  and  it  is  impossible  to  make  any  positive  statement  abont 
its  coloring  and  the  pile  upon  it ;  the  coloring  upon  the  dorsum 
seems  to  have  been  more  blackish;  on  the  sides  more  brown;  the 
j)ile  seems  to  have  been  Btubble-shaped,  yellowish-white;  all  the 
bristles,  upon  the  thoracic  dorsum  as  well  as  upon  the  pleura;,  are 
Ijlack.  The  very  convex,  blackish  scutellura  has,  upon  the  lateral 
margins  and  upon  the  tip,  a  broad  yellowish  border;  the  four 
blackish  bristles  of  the  scutellum  are  placed  inside  of  this  border 
upon  blackish  dots;  the  pair  of  those  dots  which  is  near  the  tip, 
although  smaller,  is  connected  with  the  black  coloring  of  the 


'Kll 


DESCKH'TION   OF   TIIK   Sl'ECIES. 


807 


ficutellum.  Abdomen  ffrny,  wifli  four  ruws  of  black  Hj)ot9.  The 
spots  of  botli  iiileniit'diatc  rows  are  coiiiimrativrly  large  n-ctan- 
giilur  triuiigk'8,  ono  cutlietiLs  of  whii^li  lies  along  the  posterior  inur- 
giu  of  the  segment,  the  other  is  parallel  to  the  longitudinal  axis 
of  the  uljdonien ;  thus  between  both  rows  of  spots,  only  a  narrow 
gray  intermediate  line  remains  visible;  the  spots  of  the  outer 
rows  lie  upon  the  lateral  margins  and  also  occupy  the  whole  length 
of  the  segments,  forming  broad,  uninterrupted  lateral  stripes. 
The  whitish  pile  upon  the  ttbdonien  is  rather  stnl>ble-shaped;  the 
comparatively  long  and  strong  l>ristles  upon  the  posterior  niargiu 
of  the  last  segment  are  black.  Venter  somewhat  dirty  l)rick-rcd, 
gradually  becoming  blackish  towards  the  lateral  margins.  Ovi- 
positor flattened,  broadly  truncate  at  the  end,  shining  black  on 
the  surface;  the  under  side  l)right  yellowish-red,  with  a  Ijlack 
tip.  Feet  of  an  impure  yellowish,  the  posterior  femora  on  the 
under  side  with  two  weil-delined  blackish  si)ots,  and  near  the  tip 
with  a  faded  blackish  spot.  AVings  very  broad,  of  the  same 
rounded  elliptical  shape  as  in  T.  euryptera.  The  black,  guttate 
reticulation  covers  the  whole  wing  to  the  e.vtreme  basis;  along 
the  whole  posterior  margin  as  far  as  the  apex,  there  is  a  row  of 
hyaline  drops  of  middle  size,  separated  by  considerable  intervals; 
beyond  the  apex,  along  the  anterior  margin,  th«'se  drops  liecomo 
larger,  their  intervals  growing  smaller;  in  the  marginal  and 
costal  cells  they  coalesce  with  a  little  drop  placed  behind  them, 
so  that,  in  these  cells,  the  reticulation  emits  something  like  little 
rays,  running  towards  the  anterior  margin ;  the  stigma,  ujjon  the 
extreme  basis,  has  a  whitish  crossline  and  includes  a  hyaline 
drop  at  the  end;  upon  the  whole  inner  side  of  the  surface  of  the 
wing  the  black  color  is  rather  sparsely  perforated  by  drops  of 
middle  and  of  the  very  smallest  size ;  the  latter  are  more 
numerous  upon  the  posterior  than  upon  the  anterior  half  of  the 
wing.  The  cells  of  the  wings  are  all  of  an  unusual  breadth,  and 
the  crossveins  accordingly  of  an  nnusnal  length;  the  distance 
between  them  is  but  little  shorter  than  the  middle  crossvcin;  the 
second  and  third  longitudinal  veins  are  considerably  divergent 
towards  the  end;  upon  the  third  I  do  not  perceive  any  bristles. 

Ilab.  Connecticut  (H.  V.  Bnssett). 

Ohaervation. — I  leave  this  species  provisionally  in  the  genus 
Tephritis;  the  description  shows  sufficiently  that  it  is  a  stranger 
there,  whose  affinities  point  towards  the  genus  Eurosta.     To 


III,'! 


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NORTH   A.MKllir.W    TIIVI  KTINA. 


fuuml  a  spt'ciul  gi'iius  for  this  siiij;lu  foiiu  would  Ik-  prcrtidtiirc, 
as  tliorc  are  sfvorul  eoiicurri.'iit  South  American  hixcics,  witliout 
tlio  kii()wli'd};t!  of  wliifli  it  \a  dillifult.  to  idiooso  tlio  riiuracicis 
U|»oii  wliit'li  to  estal)li.sli  thu  guiiUH.  To  plaoo  tlio  .s|n:ci('s  in  tin; 
frt'iiurt  Enrotila  is  likewise  unadvisaldi',  as  tlio  absfiin'  of  i)ri>ilfs 
upon  the  third  vein,  and  the  not  cuiiiral  hut  fhiltcneil  ovipositor 
are  iu  conlliut  with  the  chief  characters  ai  Euruatu. 

51.  T.  aDfllluIiH  LcKW.  %  9.  (Tal).  X,  f.  20.)— miiitH  Inten,  t.'iH)ril 
coiic'olore,  triliiis  ultiniis  utxloiniiii.s  sei,'iii«<iitis  siiniil  suiiitis  loimiort', 
j)ilis,  setisque  totius  corporis  exalliidis;  al®  colore  ex-fusto  iiigriiuiiite, 
ad  versus  coBtaiii  et  apiceiu  in  nigrum  niutato,  ftsqnnliter  f^uttiito-retiru- 
l.itff,  guttis  coiifeiti  pleris<jUH  niiijusiuilis,  pirtuia  niaiLtiiiirt  antii'H 
railiatd,,  murgiuis  a^iicalis  &ubradiat&;  vuua  longitudiualid  turtia  nou 
pilosa.  • 

Pale  yellowish  ;  oripositor  of  the  female  likewise  vellow,  lontjer  tliri!i  the 
last  tliree  abdoiniiial  segments  takfU  tocellier  ;  i)ilH  ami  liristlcH  of  tlie 
wliolo  body  wliitisli;  wiiiys  with  a  brownish-blai-k  guttate  ri'ticiilatioii, 
black  near  the  anterior  margin  and  the  apex;  the  dr<>])S  are  crowdfil 
and  the  majority  of  them  are  of  a  considerable  size;  the  iiatlern  of  tlie 
picture  consists  of  rays  along  the  anterior  border,  which  are  less  Wfll- 
marked  along  the  apex;  the  third  vein  is  not  beset  with  bristles. 
Long.  Corp.  %  0.22,  J  cum  terebri  0.25— 0.2C ;  long.  al.  0.24—0.2.'). 

Syn.   Trypeta  cequuUs  Loew,  Mouogr.  etc.,  I,  p.  8G.     Tab.  II,  f.  20. 

Hah.  Illinois  (Kennicott).  [Maryland,  P.  11.  Uhler ;  Ohio, 
H.  F.  Ba.ssett.— ().  S.] 

Obaervalion. — The  present  species  pIiows  such  a  peculiar 
structure  of  the  head  ami  of  the  parts  of  the  mouth,  that  I  would 
not  have  hesitated  to  establish  a  separate  genus  for  it,  if  1  had 
liad  better  preserved  specimens  for  t'xaminati(tn.  The  general 
appearaitce  reminds  of  the  species  which  I  have  united  in  the 
genus  Icterica,  but  it  differs  in  a  smaller  oral  opening,  a  dillerent 
shape  of  the  wings,  and  a  third  longitudinal  vein  which  is  not 
beset  with  bristles.  Not  being  able  to  assign  a  better  position 
for  it  at  present,  I  had  the  choice  of  leaving  it  in  the  gemis 
Tephrilis  or  of  removing  it  to  the  genus  Enareda,  proposed  in 
the  second  observation  to  Tnjp.  angustipennis.  The  choice  is 
not  a  very  easy  one,  because,  althongh  the  picture  of  the  wings 
is  distinctly  radiate  along  the  anterior  margin  as  far  as  the  njx'X, 
the  apex  itself  and  the  space  immediately  behind  it  are  more 
guttate  than  radiate.     By  all  means,  the  question  is  more  about 


m  ^^  -m 


DESCRIITION   or  TIIK   Kl'KCIEB. 


809 


an  nrtiPicial  tliiiii  aliout  a  fiiiiil  locution  oft  lie  spccioB,  nn  the  latter 
will  liavo  to  depend  iipou  the  results  oC  a  lulure  invest ijxat ion, 
Tlu'  eircunistanee  that  the  pyramid  of  drops  l»ey<ind  the  sti^rtna, 
usually  well  developed  in  the  species  collected  in  the  sni)jr<'iiii8 
Tfpiit'iltti,  is  ii(»t  distinctly  marked  here,  (h-eides  me  to  plai-e  the 
pjx'cies  in  Kuaresta,  ulthongh  its  uUiuitius  to  the  tyjies  of  this 
^nbj^enuri  may  be  very  slight. 

52.  T.  fcHtiva  Loew.  %  J.  (Tab.  X,  f.  21.)— Lnfea,  unicolor.  nl» 
iiiaviiiivliter  gattato-reticalatse,  in  niarniiie  antioo  ft  a[iiie  railiatie, 
pictura  in  l»asl  et  disco  sontide  lutesceiitti,  prope  iiiar^ineni  anticain  et 
in  apiuali  alarum  tri«nte  fusco-nigrA,;  tert-lira  fiemiiisB  (juatnor  ultiinis 
abdominis  segnientis  siinnl  saintis  siil)ie(iaalirt,  uon  deprnspa,  adveisna 
apicHin  valde  aiigusta,  suptirue  nigra  v«l  fusoo-nigra,  infra  adversus 
basim  rufa. 

Clay-yellow,  uniooloron«,  the  reticulation  of  tbe  wings  unequally  puttate, 
railiate  along  tlie  anterior  margin  and  on  the  apex,  more  diiifiy  clay- 
yellow  upon  the  ba.sis  and  in  tlie  middle  ;  brownisli-black  along  tlie 
anterior  margin  of  tlie  wing  and  upon  the  apex ;  the  ovipositor  of  the 
female  is  almost  as  long  as  tiie  last  four  alxlominal  segments  tal<eu 
together,  not  flattened,  very  narrow  at  the  tip,  black  or  brown  on  the 
upper  side,  the  under  siile  red  towards  the  basis.  Long.  corp.  "^  ,  0.17 
—0.18  ;    9  cum  terebrft  0.20—0.23  ;  long.  al.  0.22. 

SvN.   Trypeta /estiva  LoEW,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  86.     Tab.  11,  f.  21. 

Uab.  Pennsylvania  (Osten-Sacken) ;  Connecticut  (Norton). 
[Now  Jersey,  Mr.  luug;  llliuols,  Dr.  Breudel;  Ohio,  II.  F.  lias- 
sett.— O.  S.] 

Observation  1. —  Tnjprta /estiva  maybe  considered  as  a  typical 
form  of  the  genns  Euaresta.  As  the  third  longitudinal  vein  of 
the  wings  is  beset  with  spines,  this  species  would  have  to  be 
placed  in  the  genus  O.ryphora,  in  the  classification  adopted  by 
me  for  the  European  species. 

Observation  2.— lirazW  possesses  a  conspicuous  species  closely 
allied  to  the  present  one,  but  more  approaching  the  next  following 
ones  in  the  pattern  of  the  picture  of  the  wings.  I  let  its  descrip- 
tion follow  :— 

T.  spectabilis  n.  sp.  '^9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  27.)— Tota  luteola,  terebra 
tamen  otiscure  ferrucinea,  non  depressa  et  quatuor  nltiniis  abdominis 
pegmentis  snbfpqnalia  ;  scntelluni  qnadrisetosnm  ;  alarum  pictnra  nigra, 
in  apice  pnlchre.  seel  breviter  radiata,  adversus  anculum  posticum 
Tarius,  in  disco  rarissime  puttnta,  gutt^  cellulae  posterioris  primie  uuica, ; 
vena  longitudiualis  tertia  8etosa. 


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810 


NORTH    AMKRICAN    TKVPHTfNA. 


AltoKetlifr  yttlluwixli,  «*xuept  tlm  oviptMitor,  wliirli  ii  durlc  ferrtit(itMiriH, 
iiiit  IliitttfUeil,  au<l  iiHurl.v  u«  Untu  as  tliM  lu»l  lour  alxloiniiiikl  Ht-uiiii'iit* 
tukfii  tii^HtliHr.  (JuiilitHuui  with  tour  bri»tU<n  ;  tlitt  bUck  pit  lur>i  of  i\m 
^^\u^^n  hIiowm,  oil  tliu  apttx,  humlnoiuu,  ultliougli  itliurt,  ru^s ;  it  i.i 
•j)iirsely  giittate  towanls  the  ponit-rior  hiihI«,  vnry  nl)ur^ely  in  thu 
Uiiiiillti  of  tlie  wing  ;  tlit)  firitt  po.ilerior  vhII  contiiiiirt  but  u  .siiilIi-  >lrii|>; 
tht-  third  luugituiliiiul  vuiu  in  bristly.  Luu^.  curp.  U.2G— U.27  ;  long, 
al.  U.2tf. 

A  rnlliBr  oongpicuous  spt'cies,  of  the  samn  coloriug  as  the  Euroju'fin  7'. 
vnliilu  Lw.  With  the  cxi^eptioii  of  the  ovipoitilor,  it  in  ulloi^ftlier  yflUiwir<ii, 
only  the  haHJti  of  tlio  iilMluiiien  id  Humetiuies  brownish.  Front  of  u  nii<iilli- 
bfHHilth  an<l  Hoinewliat  convex;  its  brownisih-ytillow  or  reiMisU-yollow 
bristles  tiieuouiparatively  atroug  ;  the  froutul  luniile  rutlu-r  hirge.  Antfimie 
short,  by  fur  not  reaching  the  eilge  of  the  luoutlt;  the  .teconil  Joint  bears 
A  conspicuous  bristle  ;  the  anterior  ed^e  of  llie  uiouth  uousiderubiy  (Ituwn 
U|>,  but  not  very  projecting  in  tlie  proiile.  l"]yes  not  very  liii;li  ;  clifcks 
broad.  Oral  opening  rouuileil,  rather  large;  prolxiscis  uot  geiiiiHilatc ; 
pal|>i  ratlier  broad,  reacliing  al)nndantly  as  far  as  tlu-  anterior  edge  of  the 
mouth.  The  sliort  pile  on  the  tliorax  m  partly  pale  leirugiiious,  partly 
pale  yellowisli-red  ;  tlie  usual  bristles  are  pale  yellow  or  lnownish-yellow. 
The  somewhat  convex  scutellnni  has  four  bristles.  Metalhoru\  ai>d 
pleurae  yellow,  like  the  rertt  of  the  body.  Abdomen  likewise  uniloriuly 
yellow,  but  tliere  are  speiduiens  the  abdomen  of  which  is  infuseated  al 
the  basis;  tlie  pile  on  the  abdomen  is  like  that  on  the  thorax,  only  its 
coloring  is  more  yellowisli.  The  stout,  conical  ovipositor  is  not  llaitened 
at  all,  about  as  long  as  the  last  four  abdominal  segments  taken  together; 
iu  paler  specimens  it  is  reddish-brown  with  a  black  tip;  in  darker  speci- 
mens it  is  rather  brownish-black  ;  it  ia  beset,  as  far  as  the  tip,  with  coiii- 
paratively  long  pile,  which  assumes  a  more  yellowish  hue  near  the  basis, 
a  more  brownish  one  near  the  tip;  in  darkei'  specimenn  it  is  so  netimes 
blaiki.-h-brown.  Feet  altogether  yellow.  Wings  hyaline  with  a  very 
much  expanded  and  very  little  perforated  black  reticulation,  which  is 
radiated  at  the  apex  of  i'.ie  wing.  The  root  of  the  wings  is  not  spotted 
nearly  as  far  as  tlie  end  "f  the  small  basal  cells;  the  costal  cell  contains 
a  giay  crosslino  near  the  liumeral  crossvein,  a  brownish-black  crossbaiid 
Upon  its  middle,  and  a  crossliiie  of  the  same  color  at  its  extreme  enil ;  the 
Qbliterate  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  running  perpendicularly  towards  the 
oiargin  of  the  wing,  is  rather  hyaline ;  the  stigma  is  altogether  Mnck  and 
does  not  include  any  hyaline  drop;  immediately  beyonil  the  stijrma  near 
the  anterior  margin,  there  are  two  cuneiform  hyaline  sjxits,  the  first  of 
vrhi>  h  is  a  little  broader  than  the  second  and  crosses  the  second  vein  a 
little  further;  between  these  spots  and  the  end  of  the  second  vein  the 
brownish-black  coloring  is  entirely  unbroken;  five  short  brownish-black 
irays  of  almost  equal  length  run  towards  the  apex  ;  the  first  ends  between 
the  second  and  third  longitudiual  veins,  the  next  two  coincide  with  the 


fTIII 


* 


r»»;sriiiPTinN  or  tiik  si-kciks. 


:jii 


tr.  "i  of  tlie  lliinl  and  ftmith  veiiH  ;  IIih  Inut  two (tohh  llic  h^-coiuI  jioHttTiKr 
ell  ;  tliH  liiHt  of  hII  in  uoiiiiHt't*'!!  vvitli  thu  r<-iiiiiiiiiij({  browiiixli-tiluck 
coloring  liy  H  niirrow  liroH'nli«li-liliti  k  luiil^t^  uml  ^onlt•tlnl•'K  intiTi  u|itHil  ut 
llio  liii.'>iH;  upon  tliu  untfi'ior  niilr  of  tlif  fouitli  vein  tlimi  un*  only  two 
byalint*  iIioiim,  the  ontt  bt-low  tlie  Htiginu,  the  otliur  ln-lvvfcn  lioili  moi>i«- 
veluH;  ill  tliM  tiiiiU  (lOHtHrioi'  tell  tlifie  uiu  ttix  iiyulint)  droim,  tlin  oiif  of 
wliii'li  ii*  Ht  ilH  exticiiitt  liu8iH  and  tliu  otlier^  Ui>on  its  lattt^r  half;  hiuiih 
of  the  lattfi'  ilro|>H  ain  )i(ino'tiii:)-.-i  coalfHcunt ;  in  the  iiortteiior  an^lt*  tliciu 
are,  inoieover,  lour  or  llvu  liyaliue  ilroiiM.  Tlit)  HUmll  crortHVeiu  is  uliuoit 
per|ien(liculur  and  ih  nearly  o[>|lo^ite  the  la.-t  third  of  the  disi'al  rell ;  llie 
posterior  troHsvein  likewihe  iw  rather  puipondiuular ;  the  third  longiludi- 
ual  vein  id  ditttitiutly  bristly. 

Hub.  liruzil  (cuUection  v.  Winthem). 


•i, 
t 


•v 

'  r 

^♦. 

.\>> 

-•;■;>' 

« 

* 

■  •'. 

, 

.'  -v 

.;"' 

■  r" 


AS.  T.  bi>lla  Lw.  %  9  ,  (Tub.  X,  f.  2".)— Luteo-oinerea,  cnpite,  pedi- 
buH,  uhdoininetjuu  llavis,  liou  apic-eiu  versus  nigriuante  ;  Helm  seiiteill 
quiituor  ;  alarnui  pictuia  nigra,  in  in.irgine  untico  et  npluu  puichru 
radiata,  prope  niarginctii  }iosticuiii  paulo  coiifertius,  in  disco  raiissime 
guttata, guttacelluitt!  posttiiiui'is  priiuuj  phmu  nulla;  Vtiuu  lungitudinalia 
tertia  setosa. 

Yellowish-gray;  head,  feet,  and  abdomen  yellow;  the  latter  blackish 
towards  the  end  ;  the  black  picture  of  the  wings  handsoinely  radiate  on 
the  anterior  inaigin  and  thu  apex  ;  in  the  vicinity  of  the  posterior  niaruiii 
with  numerous  drops,  upon  the  middle  of  the  wing  with  very  few,  in  thn 
first  posterior  cell  with  none;  third  loncitiidinal  vein  biistly.  Long. 
Corp.  ■£,0.12—0.13,  5>  cum  teivbra  (i.l;i— (M.'J;  long.  al.  (1.11—0.12. 

Sys.    Trypda  bella  Lobw,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  88.     Tali.  II,  f.  2:5. 

llnb.  New  Yofk  (Fitcli) ;  Wnsliin<rtnii  (Oston-Sackcn) ;  Wis- 
cou.siii,  etc.     [Katlicr  coiiiiiioii  evtrywlicro  in  the  U.  S. — O.  S.J 

(Jbxer ration. — Clo.'idy  ri'lated  to  T.  fc^ilico,  mid,  ns  to  its  .^ys- 
tenialic  location,  tlie  roniarksi  appciidcd  to  that  sjiecies  ai'o  also 
applicable  here. 

5-1.  T.  timida  I-w.  ^  .  (Tab.  X.  f.  2.'i.) — Ijitea.  tnetanoto  pleuris(iuo 
ex-nigro  fnscis,  capite  pedilmsque  tlavis  ;  setJB  scutelli  ijualiioi' ;  al;irutu 
piotnra  nigra,  in  apic"  pulchre  radiata,  prope  marginem  posti(Mim  rare 
et  in  disco  rnriBsime  gntt.ita  ;  guttl,  eellulae  posterioris  priniie  unica ; 
vena  longitudinali.^  tertia  setulis  pauuis  brevissiniis  instrucita. 

Clay-yellow,  metathorax  and  plenrse  Idackish-brown ;  liead  nnd  feet  yel- 
low ;  four  bristles  upon  the  scutelUim  ;  the  black  picture  of  the  winii.s 
is  prettily  radiated  at  the  tip.  in  the  vicinity  of  the  posterior  marfjin 
sparsely,  and  upon  the  niifldle  of  the  wing  very  sparsely  guttate,  in  the 
first  posterior  cell  with  a  single  drop;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  is 


■1,.  , 
I 


''U 


?' 


w 


♦".", 

V    1 

^ 

f    '■ 

.1'.  '•'; 
I .  ■■■. 

•    t 

4    > 

■  f  -;■ 

■■■^ 


il 


lis 


iwr 


iw 


812 


NORTH   AMERICAN   TRVPETINA. 


beset  with  extremely  short  and  suarco  bristles.    Lung.  corp.  0.17  ;  long. 
al.  U.IG. 

Syn.    Trypeta  timiJa  Loew,  Dipt.  Am.  Cent.  II,  No.  76. 

Clay-yellow  ;  the  coloriug  of  the  head  is  of  a  purer  yellow,  but 
the  middle  of  the  occiput  is  grayisli.  Front  couiparalivcly  nar- 
row; its  pale  brownish  bristles  are  strong  and  long.  Antenna? 
yellow,  not  reaching  to  the  oral  edge ;  anterior  corner  of  the  third 
joint  rounded;  arista  comparatively  thiu,  its  pubescence  so  short, 
that,  to  the  naked  eye,  the  arista  appears  bare.  Face  excavatetl; 
the  anterior  edge  much  drawn  upwards,  but  little  projecting  in 
the  profile.  Eyes  elongated-rounded  :  cheeks  very  iiarrnw. 
Oral  opening  of  a  middle  size,  rather  round;  the  yellowish  pro- 
boscis not  geniculate,  short ;  palpi  short,  yellowish.  The  upjier 
side  of  the  thorax  is  clothed  with  pale  yellowish  hairs;  upon  its 
middle  there  is  a  weak  trace  of  a  very  broad  grajMsh  strij)e,  which, 
however,  in  less  denuded  specimens,  may  be  hardly  visible.  The 
bristles  upon  the  upper  side  of  the  thorax  are  pale  brownish; 
upon  its  middle  there  are  three  pairs.  The  yellow  sciitellmn 
bears  four  bristles.  The  ground  color  of  jthe  metathorax  is 
blackish-brown,  but  assumes  a  grayish  aspect  from  a  thin  cover- 
ing of  pollen.  The  pleura)  have  a  similar  coloring,  but  towards  the 
upper  margin,  it  becomes  more  yellow,  and  below  the  root  of  the 
wings  there  also  is  a  spot  of  dingy  yellow.  The  claj-yeliow  abdo- 
men shows,  in  the  described  specimen,  upon  the  last  two  segments 
brownish  spots,  which,  however,  ..  om  to  be  the  result  of  some 
lesion.  Feet  yellow.  "Wings  rather  broad  with  a  brownish  black, 
very  sparsely  reticulated  picture,  which  is  radiated  on  the  apex ; 
the  root  of  the  wings  is  very  s])arsely  spotted  before  the  end  of 
the  two  8n;all  basal  cells;  the  costal  cell,  near  its  basis,  has  a 
blackish  transverse  line,  a  brownish-black  one  beyond  its  middle, 
and  another  brownish-black  one  upon  its  extreme  end ;  tlio 
obliterate  end  of  the  auxiliary  vein,  which  runs  perpendicularly 
towards  the  anterior  margin,  is  rather  hyaline;  stigma  brownish- 
black  with  a  yellow  crossline  in  the  vicinity  of  its  end ;  immedi- 
ately beyond  the  stigma  there  are  two  cuni'iform  hyaline  indeu- 
tations,  which  extend  from  the  margin  to  the  second  longitudinal 
vein ;  the  latter  is  somewhat  remote  from  the  margin ;  between  tlio 
second  of  the.se  indentations  and  almo.st  the  end  of  the  sccuiid 
vein,  the  brown  color  is  not  perforated ;    along  the  apex,  the 


DESCIUPXroN    OF   THE   SPECIES. 


313 


brown  color  emits  five  brown  rays  of  almost  equal  leiiirth.  The 
first  of  these  rays  ends  a  little  before  the  middle  of  the  distaiieo 
between  the  tips  of  the  second  and  third  veins;  the  two  next  ones, 
whieh  are  a  little  expanded  at  the  tip,  lie  on  the  ends  of  the  third 
and  fourth  veins,  the  last  two  in  the  second  posterior  cell;  the 
last  of  these  rays,  in  the  vicinity  of  its  origin,  is  not  quite  well 
separated  from  the  remaining  brownish-blaek  picture.  The  hya- 
lin<i  drops  are  rather  large,  but  few  in  number;  there  are  two 
between  the  third  and  fourth  longitudinal  veins,  the  first  before 
the  small  crossvein,  the  second  less  far  beyond  it;  tlie  discal  cull 
also  contains  but  two  drops,  placed  under  the  small  crossvein  and 
nearer  to  the  posterior  side  of  the  cell ;  the  third  posterior  cell 
has  a  drop  at  its  extreme  basis  and  five  considerable  ones  in  the 
posterior  angle  of  the  wing,  which,  however,  are  less  conspicudus, 
because  the  dark  coloring  in  that  region  is  more  faded.  The 
distance  of  the  first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  from  the  margin 
is  a  little  larger  than  usual;  tlie  second  and  third  veins  are 
strongly  diverging  towards  the  end;  a  weaker  divergency  exists 
betw"jen  the  third  and  fourth  veins;  the  two  crossveins  are  per- 
pendicular and  straight;  the  small  crossvein  is  almost  twice  as 
far  from  the  proximal  end  of  the  diseal  cell  as  from  the  di.stal  end. 
In  my  first  description  of  this  species  I  said  that  the  third  vein 
was  not  beset  with  bristles  ;  a  more  attentive  examination  of  the 
specimen,  however,  revealed  to  mo,  on  one  of  the  wings,  a  few  very 
short  bristles,  which  are  either  rubbed  off  on  the  other  wing,  or 
else  in  a  situation  which  does  not  allow  their  close  scrutiny;  the 
first  posterior  cell  does  not  contain  a  conspicuous  concavity,  like 
that  in  T.  bella;  and  the  corresponding  spot  is  not  darker  than 
its  surroundings. 

Hab.  Mexico  (collect,  v.  Winthem). 

ObHervation  1. — The  systematic  position  of  T.  timida  is  exactly 
the  same  as  that  of  T.  /estiva  and  bclla. 

Observation  2. — The  next  relative  of  T.  timida  is  a  Braziliiin 
species,  whieh  can  be  very  easily  mistaken  for  it;  and  in  order  to 
prevent  this  confusion,  I  let  its  description  follow  here: — 


•!" 


',!!'■ 


(•■:;•  ;: 


fi'^M 


•Ij': f    1.     ,  .    -'-'Ph 

;i-:    ''  .  I'.  ■ .  ■'!,ftT.i:»I 

•  1  .■'  -. 


jiv  ■■:  '■    .:■- /'It';-; 

':'    I*'  |i       •   .      •   '.:\-       I 
''••  .  '        ■'/■■  I     I 

.It  .■  "',■ 

!;:•  ;■  '     '  '  '% 

r:.  ^^"4'^- 

;■•  ("'  ,i  r  .^>'»  ••■■♦I 

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mm 

.■•  .4.'  ,  ■*.  ■•'     . 


,.h  I 


!'v 


..  I 


U.J   ■ 


■.-.mm } 


f 


■•! 
lis: 


ij 


T.  oIlSCIiriTCntris  n.  pp.  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  26.)— Ex  lntt*o  cincrea, 
capite  pedihusfjiie  liitfscentibus,  alxloinitie  ex  piceo  nigro  et  iiitido, 
terelirfl,  coiicolore,  tribus  ultiniis  abilominis  segiiientia  aimul  suinpti.s 
sequali;  tsetse  suutelli  qiiatuor;  alarum  piutura  uigra,  in  apiue  pulclire 


314 


NOllTU    AMEIllCAN    TriYrKTlXA. 


radiata,  prope  marginem  posticnm  raio  et  in  disco  rarissime  gntfnta, 
guita  cellula)  posterioiisj  priiufE  uuicil;  vena  longitudiualis  tertia  seuwa. 

Yeliowisli-gray,  head  and  feet  yellow,  abdomen  shining  brownish-black, 
ovipositor  conoolorous,  as  long  as  the  last,  tliiee  abdoiuinai  segments 
taken  together;  scutellum  with  four  bristles;  the  black  picture  of  thn 
wings  handsomely  radiated  on  the  apex,  sparsely  guttate  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  posterior  margin,  very  sparsely  in  the  middle  of  the  wing;  a 
single  drop  in  the  first  posterior  cell ;  the  third  longitudinal  vein  beset 
with  bristles.     Long.  corp.  cum  terebr§,  0.20;  long.  al.  O.ltj. 

Head,  including  palpi,  proboscis,  and  antennae,  yellow  ;  oidy  the  occiput 
for  the  most  part  grayish.  Front  compaiaiively  narrow ;  its  brown 
bristles  are  long  and  strong.  Anteuuffi  not  reaching  to  t!ie  edge  of  the 
mouth  ;  third  joint  rounded  at  the  end  ;  arista  comparatively  thin,  appear- 
ing bare  to  the  naked  eye,  as  the  pubescence  is  very  sliort ;  face  excavated  ; 
the  oral  opening  hardly  of  middle  size,  round;  proboscis  short,  not  geni- 
culate. I'alpi  of  middle  size;  the  giound  color  of  the  thorax  is  altr,j,'ethfr 
bla(;k,  including  even  the  humeral  callosities,  but  this  color  'w  <'  U 

conreale<l  nnder  ochre-yellov,  pile  and  pulverulence,  that  it  assumes  a 
yellowish-gray  hue;  upon  the  pleurae  and  especially  on  the  metanotuni 
the  dark  ground  color  is  more  apparent.  The  Bcutellum,  bearing  four 
bristles,  is  yellow  to  a  considerable  extent  at  the  tip;  the  abdomen  is  of 
a  shining  brownish-black  and  shows  weak  traces  of  a  yellowi-h-brown 
pollen  ;  the  pile  is  short  and  scattered,  of  mixed  yellow  and  blai'k  hairs  ; 
the  latter  prevail  or  seem  to  do  so,  as  many  of  the  yellow  hairs  assume  a 
blackish  hue  when  they  do  not  reflect  the  light.  The  flat,  not  very 
pointed  ovipositor  is  pitch-black,  shining,  about  as  long  as  the  last  three 
Segments  of  the  abdomen  taken  together,  beset  as  far  as  tlie  tip  with  a 
brown  pubescence,  appearing  black  in  some  directions.  Feet  yellow.  The 
comparatively  rather  broad  wings  have  a  brownish-black,  very  sparsely 
gnttate  picture,  which  is  handsomely  radiate  at  the  tip  ;  the  root  of  the 
wings,  as  far  almost  as  the  end  of  the  small  basal  cells,  is  hardly  spo'ted 
at  all ;  the  costal  cell,  quite  near  the  humeral  crossvein,  has  a  grayish 
crossline,  a  brownish-black  one  upon  the  midille  and  one  of  the  same  color, 
but  narrower,  at  the  end;  the  obliterate  end  of  the  auxiliar,/  vein,  run- 
ning perpendicularly  towards  the  anterior  margin,  is  rather  liyaline  ; 
pti^ina  altogether  brownish  or  only  with  a  tr:ice  of  a  very  small  yellowish 
drop  in  the  vicinity  of  its  apex,  near  the  anterior  margin  ;  immeiliatcly 
beyond  the  stigma  there  are  two  hyaline  indentations  on  the  anterior 
maruin,  the  first  of  which  alone  reaches  the  rather  distant  second  bngi- 
tudinal  vein  ;  before  the  en<l  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein  nea*  the 
anterior  maruin,  there  always  is  a  considerable  hyaline  drop,  wl  ich  T. 
timitia  does  not  possess  ;  five  rays  of  almo'st  equal  length  occupy  the  apex  ; 
the  first  of  them  reaches  the  margin  nearer  to  the  end  of  the  second  than 
of  the  third  vein  ;  the  two  following  are  somewhat  expanded  at  the  tip 
aud  end  upon  the  tips  uf  tha  third  and  fourth  veins ;  the  last  two  raj  s 


•^m  *     nti  mill    i 


HT' 


-rV  n      I 


■-;! 


PESCRII'TION    OF   THE    SPECIES. 


815 


cro.^s  the  s»*coiid  posterior  cell,  and  tlie  last  of  them  is  a  little  l)r«»adfr  than 
the  prt'cediug  oue  and  geuerally  connected  in  the  vicinity  of  its  root  with 
tlie  remaining  hi'(iwni.-sii-l)lack  picture  l>y  a  bruwni.sh-biuck  l>i'i'lgt',  which 
cuts  olT  tiie  end  of  the  hyaline  indented  interval  in  the  ^i^  ipe  of  a  drop. 
Tiie  hyaline  drops  are  of  a  consideialile  si/.e,  hut  not  veiy  numeioiis  ;  two 
are  placed  bt  tween  the  third  and  fourth  veill^',  the  one  liefore,  tlie  other 
less  far  behind  the  small  crossvein  ;  in  the  same  way  there  art-  only  two 
drops  in  the  discal  cell,  placed  upon  its  posterior  side,  btdow  the  small 
crossvein  ;  the  third  posteiior  cell  contains  a  drop  near  its  cxtrHiiie  basis 
and  Ave  considerable  drops  upon  its  distal  half;  finally  four  drops  ar« 
bituated  iu  the  posterior  corner  of  tlie  wing,  which,  however,  are  less  con- 
t;picuous  on  account  '>♦'  the  less  daik  coloiiug  surrounding  them.  Th« 
first  and  second  longitudinal  veins  are  somewhat  more  distant  from  the 
anterior  margin  than  usual ;  the  second  and  third  are  strongly  divergent 
towards  the  end  ;  a  lesser  divergency  exists  between  the  tliirct  and  fourth  ; 
both  crossveius  are  perpendicular  and  straight;  the  small  one  is  twice  as 
tar  from  the  basis  as  from  the  end  of  the  discal  cell;  the  third  vein  is 
distinctly  bristly  ;  there  is  uo  distinct  concavity  in  the  first  po>terior  cell, 
and  the  spot  where  it  occurs  iu  some  species  is  uut  darker  than  the  sur- 
roundings. 
Hub.  Brazil  (coll.  t.  Wiuthem). 

55.  T.  melanogastra  Lw.  %  9.  (Tab.  X,  f.  24.)— lAiteo-cinerea, 
abdomine  nigro,  capite  pedibusque  flavis  ;  setae  scutelli  ilu;e;  alarum 
pictura  nigra,  in  apice  radiata,  prope  niarginem  posticum  paulo  confer- 
tius,  in  disco  rarissime  guttata,  gutta  cellula;  pusterioris  prima'  unica; 
Vena  lougitudinalis  tertia  non  setosa. 

Yellowish-gray,  abdomen  bl.ack,  head  and  feet  yellow;  scntelluin  with 
two  bristles  ;  the  black  picture  of  the  wings  with  rays  at  the  tip,  more 
densely  puttate  in  the  vicinity  of  the  posterior  margin,  v.  ry  sparsely 
in  the  middle,  and  with  a  single  drop  in  the  first  jHisterior  cell ;  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  m)t  bristly.  Long.  corp.  %  0.09,  J  cum  terebia 
0.12;  long.  al.  0.12. 

Byn.  Trtjprta  vielonogastrn  LoEW,  Monographs,  etc.,  I,  p.  90.    Tab.  II,  f.  24. 

Hal).  Cuba  (Poey). 

Ohaervation  1  — Two  misprints  must  he  corrected  in  the 
description  iu  the  first  voluuic  of  tlicso  Moiio<rrapl»s  :  tlic  fi<riire 
of  tiie  \\'\ng  i.s  quoted  fijr.  2:},  instead  of  24,  and  on  pajre  !)I,  line 
19,  "fiftli"  must  be  read,  instead  of  "lirst."  Moreover,  it  must 
be  added  that  the  fifjure  was  drawn  from  a  female  specimen. 
Tlie  relation  of  T.  melannr/ciKlra  to  T.  mexicaita  Wied.  will  bo 
e.xplaiiied  under  the  liead  of  the  latter. 

Observation  2. —  2'.  melanogastra  belongs,  together  with  the 


'I',  ■" 


■.-;''il 


,i<  II 


■\'.  ,it" 


Hi 


■If':  ■ 


.  .'   •    »  '  w  .  (,,  ■ 

■■■'■■  .■;t>i;,v 


II''    ,:,     'y,:  v::^  '%;- 


;i#  yiU' 


i: 


uY 


■  • 

-■  '  ll"V-: 

■  .■:--',!^ 

..  ■• 

•  ■•:?^- '.•;■: 

■■%•  R.  ■ 

:. 

■m-: 

.  .1 

:  ^.a 

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• 

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f  ■  t-  i 


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HI' 


r 


m 


W'- 


316 


NORTH    AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


V 

preceding  species,  to  the  gemis  Euarenta;  it  differs  from  tliom  in 
the  presence  of  only  two  bristles  upon  the  srntellinn  and  in  llic 
absence  of  bristles  upon  the  third  vein.  In  the  system  adopted 
by  me  some  time  ago  for  the  European  Trypetidoe,  this  spe(  ies, 
on  account  of  the  somewhat  prolonged  flaps  of  its  proboscis  nud 
of  the  ba''"ness  of  the  third  vein,  would  have  to  be  placed  in  the 
genus  Oxijna.  I  do  not  believe  that  its  generic  separation  from 
the  preceding  species  is  to  be  recommended.  A  chjse  relative 
of  this  species  is  a  Brazilian  one,  which  differs,  however,  in  its 
wings  being  comparatively  much  narrower  and  its  body  more 
slender.     I  let  its  description  follow : — 


fer 


n 


m 


m 


T.  tennis  n.  sp.  9*  ("Tab.  X,  f.  29.) — Aiipusta,  luteo-cinerea,  cipite 
pediliusque  gracilil)us  flavis;  .scfse  Kcutelli  duae;  al;e  pro  portioiie 
aiigu.>^taB,  i)ictuia  iiigrS.  in  aiigulo  postico  elut4,  in  apiue  radiata,  judjie 
margiiHun  posticum  coufertius,  in  disco  rarissimo  guttata,  gulta  celluice 
posterioi'is  piinia)  uuic^. 

Slender,  yellowisli-gray ;  tlieliead  and  the  plender  feet  are  yellow;  winp3 
conipaiatively  narrow,  with  a  black  picture,  which  is  faded  on  the 
posterior  angle,  radiate  on  the  apex,  more  densely  guttate  rear  t)ie 
posterior  margin,  very  sparsely  in  the  middle  of  the  wintr,  where  the 
first  jiosterior  cell  contains  but  a  single  drop;  third  longitudinal  vein 
not  bristly.     Long.  corp.  cum  terebra  0.13  ;  long.  al.  0.13. 

Body  .emarkably  narrow  and  slender.  Ground  color  blackish,  hut  so 
much  covered  with  yellowish  pile  and  pulverulence  that  thornx  an  I 
abdomen  have  a  yellowish-gray  appearance.  Head,  including  antenn;p, 
palpi,  and  proboscis,  yellow  ;  occiput,  on  its  upper  half,  with  a  large  lilack- 
ish-gray  spot.  The  front  a  little  more  than  of  medium  breadth  ;  its  nsu;il 
bristles  blackish.  Face  somewhat  excavated  and  narrower  than  the  front. 
Antennae  somewhat  broad,  not  quite  reaching  the  edge  of  the  mouth,  which 
is  somewhat  drawn  upwards,  but  does  not  project  distinctly  in  the  prdtile. 
Eyes  comparatively  large  and  rounded  ;  cheeks  very  narrow.  The  jialjii 
reach  to  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth.  The  suctorial  flaps  seem  to  he 
somewhat  injured  in  the  described  specimen,  so  that  I  am  not  quite  .-lire 
whether  the  pndioscis  is  geniculate  or  not ;  I  believe  that,  in  uniujnird 
specimens,  it  would  look  short-geuiculate  ;  the  dark  color  which  the  Haps 
have  in  tl'.o  dtiscribed  specimen  is  certainly  an  unnatural  one.  Tim 
ground  color  of  the  thorax  is  altogether  blackish,  even  upon  the  Imineral 
corners  ;  its  upper  side  has  a  yellowish-gray  appearance,  in  consecjiiHiico 
of  its  pulverulence  and  pile;  on  the  m^^tathoiax  and  the  jileiiia^  tlie 
coloring  is  more  blackish-gray.  Tiie  scntelhu.i  is  of  the  same  cdldrini; 
witii  tiie  upper  side  of  the  thorax,  the  extreme  ajiex  only  soiiu'wIlI 
tinged  with  yellow  ;  it  bears  only  two  bristles,  which,  like  those  of  tlin 


'itl 


r.^ 


DESCRIPTION   OF   THE   SPECIES. 


317 


thorax,  are  Mackish.  Abdomen  narrow,  Imt  little  more  pray  than  the 
upper  side  of  the  thorax,  witliout  any  rows  of  dark  .Mjidts,  Imt  ou 
each  side  of  tl'  second  segment  with  a  hut  little  apparent  yellow  spot; 
the  short  pile  as  well  as  the  longer  hairs  upon  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
last  segment  are  yellowish.  The  flat,  shining  blaek  ovipositor  is  as  long 
as  the  whole  abdomen,  and  beset  with  dark  pile.  Tiie  feet  are  slender 
and  yellow,  as  well  as  the  coxse.  Wings  rather  hyaline,  with  a  brownish- 
black  very  continuous  reticulation  ;  the  root  of  the  wings  is  not  distinctly 
spotted  as  far  .ns  tlie  end  of  the  small  basal  cells,  but  somewhat  dusky  ; 
upon  the  miildle  of  the  costal  cell  there  is  a  blackish-brown  crossline;  the 
Btigma  does  not  contain  any  liyaline  drop,  but  its  inner  basal  end  is  very 
slightly  tinged  with  yellow;  immediately  beyond  the  stigma  tlicre  are, 
near  the  anterior  margin,  two  drop-like  hyaline  spots  ;  each  of  them  has 
a  sniall  hyaline  drop  nnder  it,  below  the  second  longitudinal  vein  ;  the 
second  one  is  smaller;  before  the  end  of  the  second  vein  there  is  no 
liyaline  drop;  near  the  tip  of  the  wing  the  r\h'x  shows  the  usu-  1  five  rays, 
which  have  a  considerable  breadth,  and  the  last  of  which  is  connected  by 
a  bridge  with  the  remaining  brownish-black  coloring,  whiidi  thus  isolates 
the  inner  end  of  the  hyaline  interval  in  the  shape  of  a  drop;  the  anterior 
side  of  the  fourth  vein  shows  two  conspicuous  spots,  one  immediately 
before,  the  other  not  far  beyond,  the  small  crossvein ;  in  the  discal  cell 
there  are  three  hyaline  drops  along  the  fifth  vein,  the  middle  one  being 
the  largest  and  lying  almost  under  the  small  crossvein  ;  above  the  last  of 
these  drops  there  is  sometimes  one  little  drop  more;  the  extremt!  basis  of 
the  discal  cell  also  shows  an  indistinct,  8om>.  times  double,  little  drop;  the 
third  posterior  cell  contains  but  a  few  laige  drops,  which  are  partly  coal- 
escent  in  couples  ;  the  posterior  corner  of  the  wing  is  likewise  guttate, 
but  the  drops  are  much  less  apjiareut  here,  owing  to  the  pale  ground  color. 
The  small  crossvein  is  hardly  half  as  distant  from  the  end  of  the  discal 
cell  as  from  the  basis  ;  the  third  longitudiual  vein  is  not  bristly. 
llab.  Brazil  (collect,  v.  Winthem). 


',■■->    \: 


>ii    « 


'i  ■  .  ■!> 


r-  : 


■  :M 

.  ■'''i'V.'l 

, .    ' A \-  '1 

•.,:    A-   J 
■  ■  •    'i-t    -I 


I  '1    '  ■  '       ■    "^  ■   '  '■ 


:    ■■■■>'. 


56.  T.  niexicana  WiKD.  %.  (Tab.  X,  f.  28.)— Luteo-cinerea,  abdo- 
mine  nigro,  adversus  basim  interdum  sordide  luteo,  capite  pedibusijue 
flavis  ;  setae  scutelli  dn?e;  alarum  pictura  nigi'a  in  apice  radiata,  radiis 
tamen  in  marginem  posticum  excurrentibus  minus  explicatis  et  minus 
liberis,  prope  marginem  posticum  confertius,  in  disco  rarissime  guttata, 
gutt^  cellulae  posterioris  primae  uiiic^;  vena  longitudinalis  tertia  nou 
setosa. 

Yellowish-gray,  abdomen  black,  sometimes  of  a  dingy  clay-yellow  towards 
the  basis  ;  head  and  feet  yellow  ;  scutellum  with  two  bristles  ;  the  black 
picture  of  the  wings  is  radiate  on  the  apex,  but  the  rays  in  the  vicinity 
of  the  posterior  margin  are  less  developed  and  less  free  ;  the  drops  near 
the  posterior  margin  are  more  numerous,  those  in  the  middle  of  the 
wing  very  sparse ;  the  first  posterior  cell  contains  but  a  single  drop ; 


'if 


tm 


'  ■' 


•W\ 


313 


NORTH    AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


M 


tliird  longitudiual  veiu  not  besut  with  bristles.    Long.  corp.  0.09 — 0.10  ; 
loug.  al.  0.12. 

Syn.   Tri/prtn  meTicana  Wiedemann,  Auss.  Zweifl.  II,  p.  551. 

Yollowish-gray.  Front  of  a  more  vivid  yellow,  upon  tlio  lateral 
margin  with  a  rather  indistinct  whitish  pollen  ;  the  usual  l)ristl('3 
upon  it  arel)lack;  those  on  the  vertical  margin  pule  yellowish. 
Eyes  rounded  ovate;  cheeks  very  narrow.  Face  di^^tinctly 
excavated,  the  anterior  edge  of  the  mouth  is  strongly  drawn 
upwards  and  rather  projectiii"-  in  the  profile.  The  bristles  of  the 
thoracic  dorsum  seem  to  be  bi  k,  in  reflected  light  they  appear 
brown  ;  in  the  middle  of  the  dorsum  there  are  but  two  pairs,  the 
first  of  which  is  very  much  mlvanced.  The  short  pile  upon  the 
thorax  and  the  bristles  upon  the  pleurte  are  pale  yellowi^ih. 
Scutelluni  of  a  dingy-yellow  at  the  tip,  and  with  two  bristles. 
Abdomen  black  (a  male  from  Texas  shows  a  dingy  yellnwish 
coloring  at  the  basis),  appearing  almost  grayish-lilack  under  a 
very  thin  pulverulence,  which  does  not  prevent  it  from  retaining 
some  lustre  ;  its  pile  is  almost  without  exception  pale  yellowish. 
]''eet  and  coxae  rather  saturate  yellow,  the  pile  and  bristles  upon 
them  yellowish.  Wings  liyaline  with  a  brownish-black  j)i(ture, 
which  is  almost  completely  radiate  towards  the  end;  however, 
the  rays  ending  in  the  posterior  margin  are  less  developed  and 
less  separated  from  each  other  than  is  the  case  in  a  normal  pattern 
<if  this  kind  ;  the  hyaline  intervals  between  the  rays  distinctly 
i^how  that  they  owe  their  origin  to  confluent  drops.  The  root 
of  the  wings  is  but  little  spotted  as  far  as  the  beginning  of  the 
stigma  and  the  end  of  the  small  basal  cells;  the  adjoining  portion 
of  the  picture  is  almost  without  drops,  so  as  almost  to  assume 
the  appearance  of  an  oblique  crossband,  running  towards  the 
posterior  margin;  the  stigma  at  its  basis  contains  a  small  hyaline 
drop;  immediately  beyond  it,  in  the  marginal  cell,  there  are  two 
square  hyaline  spots,  separated  by  a  brownish-black  line ;  under 
the  first  of  them  the  submarginal  cell  contains  a  considerable 
liyaline  drop;  the  anterior  side  of  the  fourth  vein  shows  two  large 
drops,  the  one  a  little  before,  the  other  a  little  beyond  the  small 
crossvein  ;  the  discal  cell,  on  the  fifth  vein,  contains  three  drops, 
the  first  of  which  is  the  smallest  and  the  second  the  largest;  the 
third  posterior  cell  contains,  besides  the  small  hyaline  spot  at  the 
basis,  four  drops  of  considerable  size,  three  of  which  are  placed 
at  the  posterior  side  of  the  fifth  longitudinal  vein  ;  in  the  jiuste- 


^1 


r 


DESCUU'TION    OP    THE    SPF,CIE8. 


319 


rior  corner  likewise  there  are  several  drops,  Tiio  third  loiiijitu- 
dinal  vein  is  without  bristles  and  tlio  small  crossvein  correspoudd 
to  the  second  third  of  the  discal  cell. 

Hub.   Mexico  (Berlin  Mnseuui)  ;  Texas  (TJelfraire). 

Observation. — The  ahovo  description,  as  well  as  the  fia-ure,  are 
prepared  after  the  specimen  in  the  Berlin  Miisenm,  which  is  the 
original  type  of  Wiedemann's  description.     Two  males,  sent  hy 
Mr.  Belfrajre  from  Texas,  agree  in  all  respect.s,  with  the  oidy 
exception  that,  in  one  of  them,  the  hasisof  the  abdomen  is  diiiiry 
yellowish.      I  am  in  doubt  whether  T.  mcrirnna  is  nut  the  male 
of  the  Cuban  species,  which  I  described  as  T.  inclaniKjaxIra,  and 
of  which  r  possess  x  very  imperfect  soiled  and  faded  specimen,  not 
sufficient  to  enable  me  to  form  an  opinion.     A  part  of  the  appa- 
rent dilferences  may  be  due  to  this  condition  of  the  specimen. 
The  description  of  T.  vnelannrjaxtra  in  the  first  vohimc;  of  the 
!Monotjraphs  say.s  that  there  is  sometimes  a  clear  drop  immedi- 
ately iK'fore  the  end  of  the  .sceond  vein  ;  I  must  complete  this 
.statement  by  saying  that  this  drop  exists  in  the  two  females  of 
my  collection,  but  not  in  the  male;  whether  this  dilTerence  in  the 
picture  of  the  wings  is  a  constant,  or  at  least  an  ordinary,  sexual 
distinction,  I  am  not  prepared  to  say.     The  development  of  the 
rays  ending  in  the  posterior  margin  in  the  female  of  T.  \nrhtno- 
gaxtra  is  not  even  always  as  complete  as  Tab.  X,  f.  2i  (drawn 
after  a  female  specimen)  represents  it;  and  the  nmle  of  my  col- 
lection approaches  very  much  in  this  n^spect  the  typical  jnalc  of 
T.  viexicana.     The  difTerences  which  fig.  24  and  '2S  show  in  the 
development  of  the  drops  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ])ostorior  margin, 
arc  of  not   much    importance   for   specific    distinction,    as   the 
reticulation  in  that  vicinity  is  V(n'y  variable  in  many  species.     All 
these  circumstances  seem  to  militate  very  strongly  in   favor  of 
specific   identity.       The   only  notable   difference    which    I    can 
perceive  in  t!ie  typical   male  of   T.  mexicana  (in   the    Berlin 
Museum)  as  well  as  in  the  two  males  from  Texas  in  my  collection, 
when  compared  to  my  single  male  specimen  and  my  two  females 
of  T.  melanngaatra,  consists  in  the  j)osition  of  the  hyaline  drop 
in  the  subniarginal  cell,  which  in  T.  mexicana  is  placed  under 
the  first  of  the  two  hyaline  indentations  situated  in  fnmt  of  it, 
while  in   T.  mrlnnnrfnsfra  it  is  under  the  l)rown  line  which  sepa- 
rates the  two  indentations.     This  dilference  is  not  important  and 
not  equally  distinct  iu  all  specimens,  and  it  is  probaljJe  that  the 


:n  '.'•• 


♦.. 


W  ^'^i:   V.    '■■■ 

'mi  ,-,v.i. 


i\-  2'':'  tu   ' 


f 


a-^- 


■ml 


j;i«,f>j1       "■'l-''^ 


4-' 
I* 


;::o 


NORTH    AMERICAN   TUYPKTINA. 


c'oiDpurison  of  a  larger  number  of  lliciu  will  still  nioro  prove  it^ 
insigiiificaiK'o.  There  will  be  no  reason  then  to  niaiatuiu  T. 
iiulanoijadra  as  a  separate  species. 


%: 


:•? 


ftT.  T.  piira  n.  sp.  9  . — Cinerea,  thorace  fusco-vittato,  pilisqnc  alhiilis 
iiistructo,  alidoiiiiueiiigro-piloso,  capite  pedibusqUHt-x  fiistso-lutt'is  ;  sftie 
Bcuti'lli  quatuor;  &\x  albi>lie,  prietei'  basim  «t  aiiguhiiii  posticuui  c-olore 
nitrro  guttato-rHticulatse,  in  apice  railiata),  giittir*  in  diinidio  i)osterior<» 
coiifertis,  in  anteriore  rarissimis,  tribiis  taiiiHii  uiiijoribus  ultra  stigma 
in  ti'ianguluu  dispositis;  vena  longiiudinalis  tertia  non  pilosa. 

Gray,  thorax  with  brown  longitnainal  wtiipi'S  and  white  pile,  abdomen 
witii  bhiclf  pile,  head  and  fent  broivnishyi-Ilow ;  scutellutu  wiili  four 
bristles;  wings  whitish,  exoept  the  basis  and  the  posterior  angle,  with 
a  black  reticulation,  which  is  radiate  ou  the  apex;  it  is  nunierously 
guttate  upon  the  posterior  region,  sparsely  on  the  anterior ;  immediately 
beyond  tlie  stigma  tliere  are  three  large  drops,  disposed  in  a  triaiiL,'le; 
the  tliiril  longitmlinal  vein  is  not  bristly.  Long,  corp.  cum  terebiil 
0.22;  long.  al.  0.1'J. 

Gray;  abdomen  more  blackisli-gray.  Head  clay-yellowish; 
the  front  more  brown i.^h-])rick  c(jlor  (which  may  be  due  to  a  dis- 
coloration of  the  described  «})ecini('n)  ;  it  is  roniarkably  broiid, 
almost  half  as  broad  as  the  whole  head;  the  usual  l)ristles  upnii 
it  arc  black,  the  bristles  on  the  vortical  iiiar<riu  wliitish. 
Antennae  almost  brownish-brick  color;  the  short  jiile  on  the 
se.  ond  segment  is  whitish;  that  on  the  third  is  blackish;  the 
third  joint  is  gently  excised  on  the  upper  side;  arista  blackish- 
brown.  Oral  ojjeniug  of  medium  size;  its  anterior  edge  some- 
what drawn  upwards  and  a  little  projecting  in  the  prolile.  Pro- 
boscis not  geniculate;  palpi  not  quite  reaching  to  the  anterior 
edge  of  the  mouth,  with  black  pile.  Eyes  rounded,  their  jierpeii- 
dicular  diameter  but  little  longer  than  the  horizontal  one.  Cheeks 
of  a  moderate  breadth.  Thoracic  dorsum  with  indistinctly 
limited,  although  well-marked,  rather  dark  brown  longitudinal 
stripes ;  its  short  pile  is  whitish,  the  bristles  black.  Scutelluni 
grayish-brown,  with  a  broad  grayish  border  on  the  sides,  and 
with  four  black  bristles.  The  ground  color  of  the  abdomen  is 
black,  the  posterior  margin  of  each  segment  brick-red,  especially 
the  last  segment,  where  this  border  is  the  broadest ;  its  pih;  is 
yellowish-white  in  the  vicinity  of  the  basis  only,  elsewhere  with- 
out exception  black.  Ovipositor  flatteiu'd,  rather  broadly  trun- 
cate at  the  end,  shorter  than  the  last  two  abdominal  segments 


^i 


DESCUIPTK-N    OF   Till;   fcPKClKS. 


821 


taken  together,  reel  or  ijrowuish-red,  with  a  l)huk  border  at  tlie 
tip;  its  pile  is  biuciv,  \vijiti,>li  on  tlie  busul  eonier.s  only;  on  the 
under  side  there  is  some  wiiitish  pile,  conspicuous  for  its  greater 
length.     The  whole  venter  has  a  brick-brownish  coloring;    the 
pile  upon  it  seems  to  be  of  the  same  color  as  that  on  the  upper 
vside.     Feet  brownish  clay-yellow,  almost  brownisli,  i)rick  color. 
"Wings  in  the  reflected  light  altogether  milky-white,  in  a  trans- 
mitted light  whitish-hyaline.     The  picture  of  the  wings  is  black; 
it  does  not  cover  the  whole  posterior  corner  of  the  wing  and  the 
longitudinal  half  of  the  third  posterior  cell,  contiguous  to  it,  with 
the  only  exception  of  a  very  striking  black  border  along  the  sixth 
longitudinal  vein;    above  this   the  reticulation   begins  a   little 
beyond  the  little  basal  cells,  and,  at  the  anterior  margin,  with  the 
black  stigma,  which  contains  no  drops.     The  space  thus  left  free 
contains  but  a  few  isolated  little  black  spots.     The  jjattern  uf  the 
j>!eture   recalls   the    European    2\   jniLhra  Lw.  (compare    my 
Tnjpdidfie,  Tab.  XXIV,  f.  2);  in  the  shape  and  position  of  the 
two  portions  of  it  which  ore  almost  without  any  drops,  it  is  still 
more  like  T.  conjuncta  Lw.  (conip.  2'ri/pt'lidie,  Tab.  XXIV,  f. 
1),  only  the  drops  uj)on  the  posterior  half  of  the  wing  are  much 
more  numerous  than  in  those  two  species;  the  first  almost  diip- 
less  space  begins  at  the  stigma  and  runs  obli(iuely  to  the  small 
crossvoin;  the  second  is  limited  posteriorly  by  the  fourth  vein  and 
becomes   completely  confluent  with    the   first   space    upon    and 
immediately  behind  the  third  vein ;   upon  the  anterior  margin 
both  spaces  aVe  separated,  immediately  beyond  the  stigma,  by  a 
large,  somewhat  triangular  drop,  and  l)y  a  rounded  drop  which 
follows  it ;  a  third  droj),  of  considerable  size,  in  the  submarginal 
cell,  forms  a  triangle  witu  the  other  two;  the  submarginal  cell 
contains,  moreover,  under  the  second   ri'op  near  the  anterior 
margin,  another  little  drop;   the  second  almost  non-reticulated 
sjiaee  contains  two  drops  on  the  anterior  margin,  the  first  of 
which  is  a  little  distance  before,  the  second  immediately  beyond 
the  end  of  the  second  longitudinal  vein,  and  sends  four  tolerably 
well-developed  rays  towards  the  margin;  the  first  two  of  these 
coincide  with  the  ends  of  the  second  and  third  longitudinal  veins, 
the  last  two  are  in  the  second  ]>osterior  cell ;  the  first  basal  cell 
shows  only  a  row  of  drops  along  its  posterior  side;    the   first 
posterior  cell  contains,  besides  a  few  very  small  drops  in  the 
vicinity  of  its  posterior  side,  a  large  drop,  placed  a  little  before 
21 


■'  '\ 

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III  .1 


I 

'    ■      '-  ■•(.;■ 

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it.  •     ,.i 


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b. ';>,■■.■    !^i-,  : 


PI' 


^^^'M 


82' 


NOllTII    AMKIUCAN   TRYI'ETINA. 


I 
il 


the  end  of  the  discal  cell ;  the  nunierous  drops  of  the  discul  cell 
are  of  very  uiieqiiul  ^ize,  show  an  inelliuUion  to  he  arniii^r,'(l  in 
two  rows  and  leave  more  black  space  on  the  anterior  than  tin  tlu' 
posterior  side;  in  the  third  posterior  cell  the  somewhat  lueeralcd 
reticulation  is  confined  in  a  very  marked  manner,  to  the  SDnie- 
what  larger  longitudinal  half  of  the  cell,  contiguous  to  the  discal 
cell;  both  crossveins  are  perpendicular  and  less  distant  from  cadi 
other  than  the  leugth  of  the  small  crossveiu;  the  third  veiu  is  not 
bristly. 

Ilab.  Massachusetts  (Sanborn). 

Observation. — I  place  this  species  in  the  genus  Euoresta,  on 
account  of  the  reticulation,  which  is  radiate  on  the  apex.  While 
T.  /estiva,  speclahilis,  bidla,  obscitriiwntris,  mexicana,  melitno- 
gastra,  and  tenuis,  all  closely  related,  form  the  solid  nucleus  (if 
the  genus,  the  connection  of  T.  pura  with  it  is  a  ))urc!y  artificial 
one,  based  upon  a  resemblance  in  the  picture  of  the  wings;  it  has 
more  real  relationship  to  tho.se  Urellise,  the  scutellum  of  which 
has  four  bristles.  Hut  in  order  to  place  T.  j^ura  in  that  genus,  it 
will  be  necessary  to  modify  its  definition,  which  will  have  to  l»c  ddiie 
in  further  developing  the  system  of  the  Trypdina.  According 
to  the  system  adopted  in  my  Monograph  of  the  European  Irij- 
petidse,  this  species  would  Lave  to  be  placed  in  the  genus 
Tephritis. 

58.  T.  abstersa  Lw.  %  9.  (Tab.  XI,  f.  7.)— Cinerea,  capite,  pedibus 
et  scutello  sutia  quatuor  instructo,  flavis  ;  alarum  diiuidiuiu  ba!ial« 
colore  cinereo  obsolete  reticulatum,  apicale  macule  uig'r^,  piilchre  radi- 
ate, ornatum. 

Gray,  head,  feet,  and  the  four-bristly  ecntellum  yellow ;  the  proximal  half 
of  the  wings  with  a  faded  gray  reticulation,  the  distal  half  with  a  black, 
handsomely  radiated  spot.  Long.  corp.  'J  0.12 — 0.13,  f  cum  torebra 
0.13—0.14;  long.  al.  0.12-O.13. 

Stn.   Trypeta  abstersa  Loew,  Dipt.  Amer.  Cent.  II,  No.  77. 

The  ground  color  of  thorax  and  abdomen  is  rather  variable ; 
generally  it  is  altogether  blackish ;  the  humeri,  often  also  tlie 
upper  side  of  the  pleurae,  the  scutellum,  the  basis  of  the  abdomen, 
and  the  posterior  margins  of  its  segments  usually  are,  to  a  greater 
or  lesser  extent,  clay -yellowish;  sometimes  the  yellowish  color  \^ 
so  extended,  that,  except  upon  the  thoracic  dorsum  and  the  mctu- 
thorax,  hardly  any  blackish  is  left;  nevertheless  the  ground  color 
of  the  thorax  and  of  the  abdomen  is  so  covered  up  by  a  pale 


DESCRIPTION   OP   THE   SPECIES. 


323 


pulvprulonce  and  pale  yclluwish  ])ilo,  that  tliorax  and  abdomen 
assume  a  uniform  gruyifili-yellow  luie.  Jleiid  yellow,  except  tlio 
niiildle  of  the  occiput,  which  shows  a  large  hlackish-brown  spot. 
Front  nuher  broad,  attenuated  anteriorly;  the  usual  bristles  very 
pale  yellowish.  Anteniiaj  dark  yellow,  not  quite  reaching  tho 
somewhat  projecting  edge  of  tli«f  mouth  ;  the  anterior  eorner  of 
the  tiiird  joint  rounded.  The  broad  oral  opening  rather  round. 
rrol)osci.s  and  palpi  short,  not  reaching  beyond  the  anterior  edge 
of  tho  oral  opcidng;  prol)oscis  not  geniculate.  Tho  upper  side 
of  the  thorax  is  beset  with  brown  or  brownish  bristles.  Scu- 
tellum  yellow,  with  four  bristles.  Ovipositor  reddish-yellow, 
flat,  rather  broad,  somewhat  shorter  than  tho  last  two  al)doniinal 
segments  taken  together,  beset  with  whitiph  pile.  Feet  yellow, 
front  femora  with  yellowish  bristles.  Wings  hyaline;  their 
proximal  half  is  somewhat  less  limpid  than  the  distal  one,  rather 
uniformly  pictured  with  a  loose,  gray  reticulation,  which  is 
faintest  near  the  anterior  margin;  tho  distal  half  of  tho  wing 
is  occupied  by  the  radiated  black  spot,  characteristic  of  the  genua 
Urellia,  which  extends  from  the  anterior  margin  to  the  fourth 
vein;  this  spot  emits  two  narrow  oblique  rays,  running  towards 
the  anterior  margin ;  the  first  begins  at  the  anterior  end  of  tho 
small  crossvein  and  runs  to  the  end  of  the  colorless  stigma;  the 
second,  shorter  one,  reaches  the  margin  in  the  middle  between 
the  tip  of  the  stigma  and  beginning  of  the  black  spot  itself;  three 
rays  run  towards  the  apex,  of  which  the  ends  of  the  two  posterior 
ones  coincide  with  the  ends  A  the  third  and  fourth  veins,  where 
they  are  somewhat  expanded ;  tlie  shortest,  anterior  ray,  some- 
times separated  from  the  body  of  the  black  spot  ])y  two  drops 
only,  reaches  the  anterior  margin  between  the  ends  of  the  second 
and  third  veins;  the  first  two  of  the  rays  running  towards  the 
posterior  margin  cross  the  middle  of  the  second  posterior  cell ; 
the  narrower  third  ray  follows  the  posterior  crossvein  and  is 
sometimes  connected  with  the  second  by  a  gray  bridge,  which 
divides  the  hyaline  indentation  between  them  into  two  large 
drops;  in  the  first  posterior  cell,  above  and  a  little  bt'foro  the 
posterior  crossvein  there  is  a  large  h}''aline  drop,  which,  u})Ou  its 
proximal  side,  is  bordered  with  black  or  blackish.  Tho  third 
vein  is  not  bristly. 

Hab.  North  America  (coll.  Winthem);  Cnl)a  (Gundlaeli). 

Observation  1. — I  have  described  T.  ubstersa  in  tho  Dipt.  Am. 


V. 


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824 


NOllTll    AMLKIC'AN    TllVl'KTJNA. 


C't'iit.  II,  after  a  North  Aiiicricun  fiiiiiiK'  in  the  Wintlicin  cullec- 
tii'ii.  I  Iiavt!  r('(.'c'ivcil  .siiici;  .scvt-ral  .sjMM'iuit'iis  of  u  Culmii  'ii  ',■• 
jT/a  from  Mr.  (iiwidkit'li,  wliicli  I  t^upposu  to  l)u  tlie  ,^alllt'  s|»('ci('>. 
Tliey  are  souiowliut  siiiiiUur,  Imvu  a  more  extended  Idackisli 
coloring,  and  the  ineompluto  gray  rotifulution  of  the  inoximal 
lialf  of  the  wing  is  considerably  (hiiker  towards  the  posterior 
margin.  Unfortunately,  I  luive  not  the  original  speeimcn  of  ihe 
"Winthem  collection  at  hand  for  comparison,  and,  therefore,  can- 
not fiiuilly  decide  al)out  the  Hi)ccifie  identity,  in  the  figure  of 
the  wing,  the  gray  reticulation  of  its  pro.xinial  half  i^*  repioenled 
by  the  engraver  as  too  distinctly  giittato,  in  fact  more  .so  tiian  is 
the  ca.se  in  either  tlio  Cuban  or  in  the  typical  specinn'n. 

Observation  2. —  T.  abti/o'fia  belongs  in  the  genus  CreUin,  and 
in  the  group  of  species  having  four  bristles  upon  the  scutelhim. 
The  more  devehjpcd  jiicture  on  the  basal  half  of  the  wing  i'e(piires, 
liowevcr,  that  it  should  be  placed  on  the  limit  of  thi^*  genus  and 
in  the  close  relationship  of  T.  pura  and  similar  species. 

60.    T.  polyclona  n.  pp.      9. — Anjiclo-cin^rea,   oapite  sque 

tl.ivi.'^;  Bctffi  scut«<lli  qiiatuor;  nlffi  hynliiiFe,  prnter  diiiiidii  npic.ilis 
mncnlain  niapnam  nigram,  radios  iioveiu  eniittente,  duos  in  cosliim, 
duot)  iu  apic4<iu  et  qainque  iu  uiarginem  postieuiii  exciirrentfs. 

Whitiah-gray,  heail  nmt  ffi't  yellow.  Scutelluin  with  four  liristlns  ;  wines 
liyaline,  ujjon  tlinir  distal  half  with  a  large  Ijlaok  spot,  which  emit-i 
nine  rays,  namely,  two  to  the  anterior  margin,  two  to  the  apex,  Jind  live 
to  the  posterior  margin.     Long.  corp.  otim  terel)r&  U.15  ;  long.  al.  0.14. 

Of  this  liandsome  species  I  possess  only  a  single,  rather  worn, 
specimen.  Head  yellow,  of  the  same  structure  as  in  T.  abstersn, 
only  the  front  comparatively  narrower.  Thora.Y,  scutellum,  and 
the  whole  abdomen  whitish-gray.  The  bristles  on  the  scutellum 
are  broken  off,  nevertheless  it  is  apparent  that  they  were  four  in 
number.  Ovipositor  black,  somewhat  longer  than  the  last  two 
abdominal  segments  taken  together.  Feet  yellow.  Wings 
whitish-hyaline,  upon  their  distal  half  with  a  large  spot,  emitting 
nine  rays  towards  the  margin  of  the  wing;  the  spot  is  a  little 
removed  from  the  small  ctossvein,  near  which,  in  the  first  basal 
cell,  there  is  an  irregular  blackish  spot;  the  first  ray  runs  from 
tl'.e  anterior  end  of  the  small  crossvein  in  an  oblique  direction 
through  the  otherwise  colorless  stigma,  to  the  costal  vein,  which, 
at  the  place  where  it  is  thus  reached,  has  a  conspicuously  black 


DES^;i«P'nuN   OF   TlIK   SPECIES. 


3-'0 


color;  tlio  sooond  ray  also  rmi-i  <>l)Ii<jiit'Iy  to  tlic  iiiitcrior  marjfin, 
wliit'li  it  reuclK's  Ijc'loru  tiic  niidillo  of  lliu  tlistaiicc  hi'twcfii  tlio 
(■tills  uf  thu  SL'foiKi  uiid  lliiril  loiigitiKliiial  vuiii.s;  tlio  tliinl  tiiid 
fourth  rays  run  towiinls  tiju  api'x  and  oud  upon  tlir  ends  of  ilio 
third  uud  fourtii  vein.s;  amuiij^  the  livu  rays  running  toward,  the 
|)ostt'rior  inar^riu,  tlio  lirst  two  croMS,  u.s  usiml,  iho  st'i-ond  po.-^ii'- 
rior  cell,  and  thu  third  Idllow.s  the  posterior  crossvein;  the  Inuriii 
orif^iiiati'S  l)Ut  little;  beyond  the  postctrior  crossvein,  exaetly  al  tiio 
place  where  the  spot  IucIokcs  a  lar^e  drop,  placed  on  the  anterior 
side  of  the  fourth  vein;  it  runs  alnn)st  parallel  to  the  precedinj^ 
ray  as  far  as  the  posterior  marjrin;  the  last  ray  finally  orij^iiiates 
at  the  posterior  end  of  the  isiuall  crossvein,  and  runs  in  a  very 
oblicpie  direction,  diverfrinj^froni  that  of  the  precedinj;  r.iy,  towards 
the  luarfrin,  in  the  vicinity  of  which  the  intensity  of  its  coloriii}^ 
is  diminished;  the  drops,  throufjli  the  coalescence  of  which  the 
hyaline  intervals  hetween  the  last  three  rays  arc  formed,  are 
indicated  by  the  irrefrular  outliius  of  the  last  two  rays;  besides 
the  drop  already  mentioned,  which  is  situated  on  the  anterior 
side  of  the  fourth  vein,  the  black  spot  contains  a  second  drop 
iuunediately  beyond  the  end  of  the  second  veiu. 

Hah.  Cuba  ((Jundlach). 

Obxervathn  1. —  T.  poli/rhmn  is  a  typical  UreUia,  and  belonjrs, 
as  well  as  2'.  abdersa,  to  the  division  with  four  bristUiS  on  the 
scutellum. 

Obaervation  2. — One  would  almost  be  tempted  to  recognize  in 
this  species  the  T.  wevarna  "Walker,  List,  etc.,  IV,  p.  1()2.'{,  from 
Florida,  which  is  an  UrrUia.  lint  a  positive  identification  is 
prevented  by  the  circumstance  that  Walker  mentions  the  feet  as 
having  black  pile,  which  is  not  at  all  the  case  in  my  species. 


l"* 

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.     '/  \ 

60.  T.  Solaris  Lw.  9*  (Tat).  X,  f.  19.) — Albido-cinerea,  capite  pedi- 
bupque  flavia,  8«tffi  st-ntelli  duje  ;  aire  albo-liyalini-e,  prope  venani  trans- 
versalem  mediain  suhinfust^itaB,  iu  (iiniiilio  aiiicali  luacalrl  iiiaL,'ii^  iiii,'n\ 
ornatse,  guttas  dua8  iiicludttute  et  radios  septHU  integroa,  outvuaiii(]ue 
al)l)reviatum  emittfntc. 

Whitish-gray,  head  and  ffet  yellow;  scntellum  with  two  bristles  ;  win^S 
whitiHli-hyaline,  brownish  in  the  vicinity  of  tlie  small  croRsvein,  iqion 
the  distal  lialf  with  a  large  l)lai'k  spot,  wliiuh  contains  two  drops  and 
emits  eight  rays,  the  last  of  which  alone  is  shorteyed.  Long.  corp. 
cum  terebrS,  0.17;  long.  al.  0.16—0.17. 

Syn.   Trypeta  Solaris  Loi:w,  Monogr.,  etc.,  I,  p.  84.     Tab.  II,  f.  10. 


^. 


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m 


826 


NOKTH    AMERICAN    TKYrETlNA. 


Uab.   Georgia  (Osten-Saeken). 

Obxervatiun. — To  the  above-quott'd  description  I  must  add,  in 
order  to  faeilitate  the  distinetion  from  tlie  following  s^peeies,  tliat 
the  raj'S  running  towards  the  posterior  margin  arc  strongly 
mariied,  and  that  the  last  of  them  ends  ?brui)tly  at  tlie  fifth  vein 
(the  distance  is  too  largo  in  the  figure);  that  there  is  no  trace  of 
a  blackish  spot  near  the  fifth  vein,  but  that,  in  the  discal  cell, 
immediately  beyond  its  middle,  there  is  an  exceedingly  ntinute 
gr;.y  mark.  This  species  is  a  typical  Urellia,  of  the  group  with 
two  bristles  ou  the  scutellum. 

Gl.  T.  actinoliola  n.  sp.  %  , — Albido-cinerea,  capite  pedibnuqne 
flavis,  Beta;  acutelli  dusB,  al»  totse  alho-hyaliiiffi,  pisetjT  punotum  uiL;rum 
veii?e  quiiitse  oppositum  in  diiuidio  apieali  macule  inagn&  iii^r:^  ornatse, 
gutta.s  duas  in  ilndeute  et  radios  septem  iutegros,  ectavututiue  abbrevi- 
atuiu  eniitteute. 

Wliitisb-gray,  h^ad  and  feet  yellow,  scntellnm  witb  two  bristles ;  wings 
altogether  whitish  hyaline,  with  the  exception  cf  a  piinctil'ornj  dot  on 
the  ilfth  longitudinal  vein  and  of  a  large  black  eipot  upon  the  dintal 
half  of  the  wing;  the  latter  contains  two  drops  and  emits  eight  rays, 
the  last  of  which  alone  is  abbreviated.  Long.  corp.  0.13 — 0.14;  long, 
al.  0.15. 

This  species  is  so  vri-y  like  the  preceding  that  tlie  mention  of 
the  differences  in  the  ])icture  of  the  wings  will  be  sufficient  for  its 
recognition.  There  is  no  trace  here  of  the  brownish  coloring 
which,  in  T.  ,>r/ar?',s',  surrounds  the  small  crossvein,  and  likewise 
none  of  the  minute  mark  in  the  first  basal  cell,  near  the  small 
crossvein  ;  the  little  dot  beyond  the  middle  of  the  discal  cell 
which  occurs  in  T.  solan's  is  likewise  wanting  here;  but  instead 
of  these,  there  is,  on  the  posterior  side  of  the  fifth  vein,  nearly 
under  the  end  of  the  first  vein,  a  very  well-nuirked  ijuiictiform 
blackish  dot;  the  large  black  spot  on  the  apex  is  very  like  that 
in  T.  Solaris,  with,  the  following  differences  :  the  first  ray  is  not 
extinguir.hed  within  the  stigma,  but  crosses  it  without  being  dis- 
colored and  reaches  the  margin ;  the  rays  running  towards  the 
apex  and  the  posterior  margin  a'"e  very  much  narrower;  the  same 
applies  to  the  last  ray,  which,  moreover,  is  interrupted  already  iu 
the  discal  cell,  before  reaching  the  fifth  vein. 

JIab.  Texas  (Belfrage). 


T   ^      '  1  V 


.f 


ANALTTICAL  TABLE  OF  THE  SMALLER  GENERA, 


ADOPTED  FOll  THE  NORTH  AMEKICAN  TUYPETiE. 

A  picture  on  the  'vings  is  extant,  but  it  ia  never  reticulate.  2 

,  Tlie  picture  id  entirely  or  partly  reticulate,  sometimes   altogether 
*  winitiug.'  15 

„  (  Scutellum  with  six  bristles.*  I.  HEXACHiBTA 

I  Hcutellum  not  with  six  bristles.  3 

I  The  third  veiu  conspicuously  curved  forwards  at  the  tip. 

3  <  I  II.    ACROTOXA. 

'The  third  vein  not  curved  forwards  at  the  tip.  4 

.  (  Tlie  picture  of  the  wings  is  on  tlie  rivulet-pattern.  5 

I  Tlie  picture  of  the  wings  is  not  on  the  rivulet-pattern.  8 

,  (  Hody  elongate,  abdomen  narrower  than  thorax.  VI.  Stradssia. 


Body  short,  abdomen  as  broad  as  thorax. 


(5 


Horizontal  diameter  of  the  eyes  remarkably  shokt.  III.   Stenopa. 


(  Hon 
(  Hori 


izontal  diameter  of  the  eyes  not  shorter  than  usual.  7 

^  (  The  antt  penultimate  section  of  the  fourth  vein  straiglit.  IV.  Acidia. 
(  The  antepenultimate  section  of  the  fourth  vein  curved.  V.  Kpuouka. 
(  Coloring  of  tlie  body  generally  light,  nev  t  black.  9 


8 


9^ 


(  Colorini?  of  the  body  black.  13 

( Upon  the  middle  of  the  wing  there  are  two  crossbauds  converging 
I  towards  the  posterior  margin. 


lU 


j  No  crossbauds  converging  posteriorly  upon  the  middle  of  the  wing.. 

I  11 

fThe  third  longitudinal  vein  is  gently  curved  batk wards  towards  the 

I  end;  head  not  tumid.  VII.  Hpii.ookapha. 

10  I 

j  The  third  longitudinal  vein  is  straight,  up  to  its  tip;   head  perceptibly 

I  swollen.  VIII.  Okpicaukna. 

f  Wings  with   four   very   oblicjue  crossbauds   and   with   very  oblique 
appi'oximate  crossveins.  12 

Wings  with  crossliands  which  are  rather  perpendicular  or  dissolved 
in  spots  anil  with  very  steep  crossveins.  Y.i.  Tkvpeta. 


11^ 


'  Anion;;  these  species  is  T.  [.ichtemhinii,  the  picture  of  which  cannot 
well  le  called  reticuli>»e,  but  rather  spotted. 
*  Compare  also  Epochra, 

( 3-n ) 


n 


■t:  ill 


R  f'^K^  ^.-  '■'■• 

,\,'  ')*■  .,.•■•,  ,     .  ■■■ 
•■  liY  ■'  .■'.'.  •■■  '■'•(»: 

■     ■     ■->■'■■-, 


he  -' 

■vte  '■ 


Uy  ■.'! 


m: 


'•  :^:;  1 


328 


NORTH    AMERICAN    TRYPETINA. 


12 
13 

14^ 

15 

16 
17 

18 
19 

20 

21 

22 

23 
24 

25 


i  Scutellr  1  tumid,  bituberoulate.  IX.  Per^inyma. 

J  Si-utuUuiu  of  the  ordinary  structure,  uot  swollen,  although  euiivux. 
^  X.   Plaoiotoma. 

/  Crossveins  eouspicuously  approximate,  scutellum  uuusually  swollen. 
<  XII.  Oeuaspi:;. 

'  Cross  veins  not  approximate,  scutellum  not  swollen.  14 

f  Scutellum  yellow,  with  four  bristles,  wings  with  black  crossbaiids. 

XIII.  RuAooi.Fyns. 
Scutellum  black,  with  two  bristles,  wings  black,  with  hyaline  indeii- 
[         tations  along  the  margin.  XIV.  Aciura. 

/  Fifth  vein  strongly  bristly;  scutellum  with  six  bristles. 
■?  XV.  Blepharoxeura. 

'  Fifth  vein  not  bristly;  scutellum  with  six  or  two  bristles.  Itj 

(  Wings  bonded  on  the  apex.  XVI.  AcKOTiExiA. 

I  Wings  not  banded  on  the  apex.  17 

{Face  spotted.  ]8 

Face  not  spotted.  19 

Wings  very  much  dilated  ;  pattern  of  the  picture  not  radiatine;. 

XVII.  Edtreta. 

Wings  not  dilated ;  the  pattern  of  the  picture  radiating  along  the 

margin  (Tab.  XI,  f.  3).  XVIII.  Cakpuotkicha. 

{Front  remarkably  broad.  2o 

Front  narrow,  or  of  medium  breadth.  21 

Third  antennal  joint  short,  rounded  at  the  tip,  ovipositor  conical. 

XIX.    KCKOSTA. 

Third  antennal  joint  remarkably  long,  with  a  very  sharp  anterior 
angle,  ovipositor  flattened.  XX.  Acidogona. 

Wings  without  picture,  or  on  the  apical  half  only,  with  a  reticulation 
dissolved  in  crossbands.  XXI.  Aspilota. 

Wings  neither  without  picture,  nor,  on  the  apical  half,  with  a  reticu- 
lation dissolved  in  bands.  22 
i  Wings  of  an  evenly  broad  shape,  and  with  an  unusually  blunt  apex. 
(Tab.  X,  f.  18,  and  Tab.  XI,  f.  9.)                           XXII.  Ictekii«, 
Wings  of  the  usual  shape  or  dilated.  23 
{Flaps  tif  the  proboscis  very  much  prolonged.                 XXIII.  Essixa. 
Flaps  of  the  proboscis  short,  or  but  little  prolonged.                          24 
(  Pattern  of  the  picture  not  radiating.                           XXIV.  Tepheitis. 
I  Pattern  of  the  picture  radiating.  25 
'The  whole  or  nearly  the  whole  surface  of  the  wings  with  a  unicolor- 
ous  reticulation.                                                       XXV.  Euakksta. 
A  star-shaped   black  picture  on  the   apex,  the   remaining   surface 
immaculate,  or  with  very  few  spots,  at  the  utmost  with  a  very 
faded  reticulation.                                                XXVI.  Ukellia. 


Ii 


3ISTRIBUTI0N  OF  THE  NORTH  AMERICAN  TRYPETE 
AMONG  THE  ADOPTED  SMALLER  GENERA. 


Gen.  I.  Hexach-bta. 

1.  eximia  Wied. 

2.  amabilis  uov.  sp. 

Gen.  II.  AfROTosA. 

3.  sa^pensa  Lie. 

4.  fraterculus  Wied. 

5.  ludens  iiov.  sp. 

6.  tricincta  uov.  sp. 

Gen.  III.  Stenopa. 

7.  vuluerata  nov.  sp. 

Gen.  IV.  AciDiA. 

8.  fratria  Lw. 

9.  suavis  Lw. 

Gen.  V.  Epochra. 

10.  canadensis  nov.  gp. 

Gen.  VI.  Stracssia. 

11.  lougipennis  Wied. 

Gen.  VII.  Spiloorapha. 

12.  electa  Say. 

13.  flavonotata  Afacq. 

Gen.  VIII,  Oedicarena. 

14.  tetanops  nov.  sp. 

Gen.  IX.  Peronyma. 

15.  sarcinata  Lto. 

Gen.  X.  Plaoiotoma. 

16.  discolor  Lw, 

17.  obliqua  Say. 


Gen.  XI.  Trybeta. 

18.  palposa  Lw. 

19.  florescentiae  Lin: 

Gen.  XII.  Oedaspis. 

20.  polita  Lw. 

21.  atra  Lw. 

22.  gibba  nov,  sp. 

Gen.  XIII.  Rhaooletis. 

23.  cingulata  Lw, 

24.  tabellaria  Fitch. 

25.  pomonella  Walsh. 

Gen.  XIV.  Acidra. 

2(j.  iusecta  Lw. 

Gen.  XV.  Blepharon-kcra. 

27.  pceoilogastra  nov.  sp. 

Gen.  XVI.  Acrot-bnia. 

28.  testudinea  nov.  sp. 

Gen.  XVII.  Eptreta. 

29.  pparsa  Wieil. 

30.  rotuudipennis  Lw. 

Gen.  XVIII.  CARpnoTRicHA 

31.  culta  Wied. 

Gen.  XIX.  Eurosta. 

32.  solidaginis  Fitrh. 

33.  comma  Wii-d. 

34.  latifrons  Lw. 

K  329  ) 


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330 


NORTH    AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


Gen.  XX.  Acidiooka. 

35.  uielauura  nor.  sp. 

Gen.  XXI.  AsprLOTA. 
31).  alba  Lw, 

37.  albidipennis  Lw. 

38.  Vtii'Douiee  Lw. 

Gen.  XXII.  Icterica. 

39.  seriata  Lw. 

40.  circinata  nov.  sp. 

41.  Lichtensteinii  Wied. 


Gen. 

XXIII. 

Ensina. 

42. 

bumilis  Lw. 

Geu. 

XXIV. 

Trphritis. 

43. 

angustipennia  Lw. 

44. 

finalis  Lw. 

45. 

clathrata  Lw. 

46.  geraiiiata  Lw. 

47.  fucata  Fl>r. 

48.  albiteps  nov.  sp. 
4U.  euryptera  uov.  sp. 

50.  platypteia  uov.  sp. 

Gen.  XXV.  Eparfsta. 

51.  8e(iualin  Liv. 

52.  festiva  Lw. 

53.  bella  Lw. 

54.  tiiiiida  Lw. 

55.  iiielaiiogastra  Lw. 
5tj.  mexicana  Wied. 

57.  pura  nov.  sp. 

Gen.  XXVI.  Urkllia. 

58.  abstersa  Lw. 

50.  polycloiia  nov.  sp. 

611.  Solaris  Lw. 

61,  actiuobola  nov.  sp. 


km'- 


I*'  ■  ill 


COMPARISON  BETWEEN  THE  EUROPEAN  AND  THE 
AMERICAN  FAUNA  OF  TRYPETINA. 


Incomplete  as  our  knowledge  of  the  North  American  Trype- 
tina  is,  our  scanty  materials  arc,  nevertheless,  sufficient  to  enable 
us  to  form  an  approximate  idea  of  their  relation  to  the  European 
fauna.  Even  a  superficial  comparison  of  a  North  Anserican  with 
a  European  collection  of  Tri/petie  will  show,  that  certain  sub- 
genera, characteristic  for  Europe  by  the  number  of  species  which 
represent  them,  are  absolutely  or  almost  wanting  in  America, 
while,  on  the  contrary.  North  America  possesses  other,  very 
peculiar  forms,  which  do  not  occur  in  Europe. 

We  will  notice,  in,  the  first  place,  that  the  subgenus  Urophora, 
which,  in  Europe,  embraces  fully  one-eighth  of  all  the  species,  is 
not  represented  at  all  in  North  America.*  Next  to  this,  we 
become  aware  of  the  fact  that  the  subgenus  Trypeta,  containing 
another  eighth  of  all  the  European  species,  is  represented  in 
North  America  by  Tri/pela  palpotia  only,  besides  Trypeta  Jlores- 
centiae  Lin.,  which  is  very  probably  in^  ,rted  from  Europe. 

As  forms  peculiar  to  North  America  and  entirely  foreign  to 
the  circles  of  relationship  of  the  European  Trypetina,  the  species 
of  the  subgenera  Hexachaeta,  Acruioxa,  Blepharoneura,  Alto- 
taenia,  Eutreta,  and  Acidogona  deserve  especial  attention. 

Besides  these  two  very  striking  dilferonces  betv.'cen  the  two 
faunas,  a  close  comparison  reveals  other  discrepancies ;  as,  for 
instance,  that  less  characteristic  European  subgenera  are  entirely 
wanting  in  North  America,  whHe  subgenera  occurring  in  North 


'  In  South  America  likewise,  no  speoies  of  Umphorn  have  as  yet  Veen 
found;  all  the  South  American  species  published  by  European  authrrs  as 
Uro/ifinrip  do  not  belong  to  this  genus  at  all ;  most  of  them  are  no*  even 
Tiypetidie,  but  OrtalidiB,  with  black  crossbauds  ou  the  wings. 

(331) 


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332 


NORTH    AMERICAN    TRYPETINA. 


America,  altliough  wanting  in  Europe,  are  found  to  Ije  closely 
related  to  European  forujs. 

Subgenera  with  a  small  number  of  species,  occu'ring  in  Europe 
and  wanting  in  North  America,  are:  1.  Plati/pai'ea  (two  s|)ecios ; 
the  larva  of  the  typical  PL  pa!rilo})lera  lives  in  the  stems  of 
Axparogiiti  of/icinalis)  ',  2.  7:,'»p/( /•«/*/«  (one  species,  on  Asclc/n'titi 
and  Vinvcfojricum) ;  3.  Uemilca  (one  species);  4.  ffi^^'cnidium 
(one  species);  5.  Chaclostoina  (one  species,  distinguished  l)y  the 
bristly  sides  of  the  face);  G.  Anonuea  (one  species,  in  the  fruits 
of  Cratspf^us)  ;  7.  Zonoaema  (two  specie^,,  related  to  Itlinfjohlis ; 
in  the  fruiis  of  Bona  and  Jierbrrin)',  8.  Rhacochlana  (one 
species) ;  9.  Myopitcs  (several,  but  as  yet  not  well  separated 
species;  the  larvte  live  in  the  flowers  o  Inula  and  of  the  rehited 
genera);  10.  fjj)henella  (one  species;  larvae  in  the  flowers  of 
Senecio).  If  we  accept  the  sufficiently  well-founded  division  of 
the  genus  Oedanpis,  in  Ordasjtis  and  Orellia,  we  have,  niorenver: 
11.  Orellia  (three  sjjecies  .  one  on  Bryonia,  anothcir  on  Zizij- 
phus),  to  add  to  those  sniu'l  European  subgenera,  which  have  no 
representatives  iu  North  America. 

The  subgenera  peculiar  to  North  America,  but  allied  to  some 
European  forms,  are :  the  subgenera  Straussia  and  Ocdirarma, 
which  resemble  Spilographa ;  Epochra  and  Hivnopn,  wliieli 
stand  very  close  to  Acidia;  Aspilofa,  Plar/iotoma,  and  Pcroni/in", 
which  all  approach  Trypeta;  Icterica,  related  to  O-ryp/iora;  and 
finally  Euroda,  closely  allied  to  some  species  of  Oxyna. 

Such  are  the  dilTercnces  between  the  twofaume;  I  will  now 
show  the  resemblances,  as  far  as  observed,  between  them. 

The  most  striking  coincidence  and  the  most  remarkable  for  the 
great  nuiul»cr  of  analogous  species,  between  the  two  launas, 
occurs  within  the  circle  of  relationship  of  the  Euroi)ean  speeirs 
belonging  to  the  subgenera:  Car})hotricha,  Oxyphora,  O.ryiui, 
Tephritia,  Ennina,  Urellia.  Another  point  of  coincidence  of  the 
same  kind,  although  less  well  represented  as  to  the  number  nf 
species,  occurs  within  ihe  closely  related  subgenera  Spilogra/iho, 
Acidia,  and  Phagolctis,  A  third  one  may  be  noticed  within  the 
genus  Oedaitpis.  Moreover,  the  North  American  species  of  tlie 
subgenera  Trypeta  and  Acinra,  a  single  one  in  each,  are  very 
much  like  European  species  of  the  same  subgenera  in  their  gener:d 
appearance.  Two  species,  common  to  both  continents.  ha\e, 
until   now,  been  ascertained :     Trypeta  Jlorescentise  (living  on 


*■(■■ 


ELROPEAN   AND   AMKIUOAN    PATNA   CO.MI'AUKn. 


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Snnrhiin)  and  Tephrntix  anijiisti/ici)»i!i  (oocurriiij;  in  Kiirotic  on 
Achillea  jitarmica).  The  siifcilic  identity  (»t'  the  Anu'ricaii 
Acidia  frdtrid  nnd  the  European  Avidia  hcratlei  is  not  impossi- 
ble, altlionirli  as  yet  not  certain. 

It  must  be  borne  in  mind,  liowcvor,  that  all  the  comparative 
statements,  jriven  above,  are  founded  upon  a  very  iniperfect 
kiiowledjro  of  the  North  American  fauna,  and  may  l>e  considera- 
bly modilied  with  an  increase  of  this  knowledire. 

If  the  European  Tri/pidinn  be  compared,  not  with  those  of  the 
^vllole  Nortli  American  continent,  but  with  the  fauna  occiirrinjjj 
ill  America  within  the  European  latitudes,  then  some  of  tin;  moro 
fitrikinjr  dilferences  between  tin;  two  faunas  at  once  disappear,  as 
those  subgenera  which  are  absolutely  foreifrn  to  Europe  (Ili.ra- 
chfiln,  Ari'otojra,  Blepharonrura,  and  Acrotaniia)  do  not  reach 
so  far  north.  The  occurrence  of  all  four  of  these  subsreiiera  in 
Brazil  proves  that  they  are  South  American  forms,  which  extend 
to  the  southern  portions  of  the  Xorth  American  continent. 

It  was  to  I)e  expected  that  the  knowledge  of  the  North  American 
species  should  exercise  an  influence  upon  the  subdivision  of  the 
old  genus  Triipeta  in  subirenera,  a  subdivision  hitherto  based 
almost  exclusively  upon  European  si)ecies.  Those  North  Ame- 
rican subgenera,  which  lia"  (  no  relationship  whatever  to  Euio- 
])ean  forms,  of  course  merely  increase  the  nund)er  of  subgenera, 
without  influencing  in  any  manner  the  already  existing  sulMlivi- 
sion.  But  it  is  different  with  those  sul)genera  which  contain 
forms  common  to  botii  continents,  and  here  the  modifying  iiiflii- 
enee  of  the  American  fauna  becomes  apparent.  Thus  we  can 
already  recognize:  1.  That  the  definition  of  the  suligeiius  Car- 
pholricha,  founded  u|  on  European  species,  lias  to  hv  modified, 
in  order  to  nclude  all  the  species  belonging  to  it;  i!.  That  the 
genus  Oxiji>hora,  in  its  present  acceptation,  contains,  besides  a 
number  of  closely  alliod  species,  several  far  t(jo  aberrant  forms; 
moreover,  that  it  can  no  more  be  separated  from  the  neighboring 
subgenera  merely  by  the  presence  of  l)ristles  upon  the  third  vein, 
a  character  which  hitherto  has  been  found  sufficient  for  the  dis- 
tinction of  the  European  species;  3.  That  the  subgenus  E»)<ii)a 
must  be  taken  in  a  broader  sense  than  has  been  dune  in  my 
Monograi)h  of  the  European  Tri/pcfte,  especially  through  the 
addition  of  some  species  which,  in  the  same  Monograph,  were 
placed  in   Oxyna;    4.    That  the  remaining  portion  of  Oxyna 


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834 


NORTH  AMERICAN   TRYPETINA. 


must  be  united  generically  with  the  subgenus  Tephritis,  or  else 
tliat  it  should  be  separated  from  it  in  some  other  manner  tlum 
has  been  hitherto  done;  and  that,  in  ordtr  to  facilitate  the  iden- 
tification of  species,  a  new  genus,  closely  allied  to  the  two  ultuve 
named  ones,  should  be  founded,  for  which  I  have  already  pro- 
posed the  name  of  Euareata. 

I  reserve  for  another  place  to  carry  out  in  detail  the  improve- 
ments of  the  system  of  Trypetina  of  which  I  have  here  given 
the  outline,  and  I  intend,  at  the  same  time,  to  take  in  considera- 
tion the  known  species  from  all  the  other  continents. 


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APPENDIX  I. 


CRITICAL  ENUMERATION  OF  ALL  THE  NOKTH  AMERICAN  TRYPETINA 
DESCRIBED  BY  OTHER  AUTHORS. 


1.  auidUB&.  Walk,    very  probably  belongs  to  the  subgenus  Acrotoxa  ; 

what  Mr.  Walker  says  of  the  curvature  of  the  end  of  the  third 
longitudinal  vein  is  evidently  to  be  referred  to  the  fourth  vein, 
and  the  same  remark  applies  to  Trypeta  Ethalta  Walker,  from  Para, 
which  follows  upon  the  former  in  tlie  text. 

2.  acutangula  Thorns.,  unknown  to  me;  probably  belongs  to  the  sub- 

genus Tiphritis. 

3.  eeuea  v.  d.  Wulp  (Tijdschr.  voor  Ent.  2  Ser.  II,  p.  157),  described  as 

T.  {Aciura)  anea;  does  not  belong  to  the  TrypetidcB  at  all,  but  to  the 
Ortalidic,  and  is  synonymous  with  Cfuitopsis  cenea  Wied.    , 

4.  albiscutellata  Ilarr.  has  never  been  described,  and,  hence,  is  to  be 

stricken  out. 

5.  antillarum  Macq.,  described  by  Macquart  as  Urophora     does  neither 

belong  to  this  genus  nor  to  the   Trypetidee  in  general,  but  to  the 
Ortalidm ;  figure  and  description  agree  so  little  that  the  identifica- 
tion will  be  difllcult. 
(5.  arcuata  Walk,  is  synonymous  with  Tritoxn  flexa  Wied.  (Ortalidre). 

7.  armata  li.  Desv..  published  as  a  Strauzia,  this  is  the  male  of  T. 

(Straussin)  longipennin  Wied. 

8.  asteris  Harris  is    identical  with   T.  (Euronta)  solidnijinis  Fitch,  as 

Baron  Osten-Sacken  has  shown  ;  the  choice  of  the  name  depended 
on  an  erroneous  assumption  as  to  the  plant  on  which  the  larva 
lives. 

9.  anrlfera  Thorn.,  a  species  unknown  to  me,  belonging  to  the  subgenus 

Ensina. 

10.  avala  WnUr. ;  the  very  insufficif  t  data  given  by  the  author  do  not 

even  enable  me  tc  decide  whether  this  is  a  Trypttida  or  an  Orta- 
h'da;  even  the  location  of  the  species  in  the  genus  Urophora  does 
not  help  through  this  dilemma,  because  Myennis  fnsriata  Fab.  is 
placed  in  the  same  genus,  thup  proving  that  Mr.  Walker  was  not 
cognizant  at  all  of  the  characters  of  this  genus. 

11.  Beauvoisii  R.  Dphv.,  described  as  Prinnelln  Bennvni/sii ;  unknown  to 

me,  so  far  that  I  am  unable  to  decide  whether  it  is  a  Tniprtida  or 

(  335  ) 


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336  NORTH    AMERICAN   TRYI'KTIXA. 

an  Orliilidii;  the  former,  liowwver,  nneins  more  proltaMe,  It^ 
ot'cuiTHiice  in  America  is  uncertain,  anil  ia  only  supposeil  hy  U. 
Pesvoidy,  becaune  the  described  specimen  belonged  to  /'n/ivuf  de 
lii'dnroin  collection. 

12.  oaliptera  San  '-^  synonymous  witli  T.  {Entrrin)  s/iiii>ii  Wied. 

13.  oinctlpes  lliirria  in  to  be  strioken  out,  as  i}iidescrii>Hd. 

14.  comma   Wiid, ,-  an  Enrostn,  hns  been  dertcribed  in  tliis  vnlunie, 

15.  cornlgera  \Valk.,iiii  uuimportunt  varit^ty  uf  the  male  of  T.  lont/ijiemtis 

Wied. 

16.  cornlfera  Wnlh.,  same  remark  as  the  preceilinij. 

17.  cribrata  v.d.  Wulfi  (1.  c.  p  l.')8),syn.  witti  7'.  {Emoata)  Uitifmnn  I.w. 

18.  OUlta  \Vie<L,  a  I'lir/ilmliiclKi,  desciiiied  aliovH. 

ly.  dinia  W'tilh,  In  tin-  Mono^iajdis,  Vol.  I,  1  exjtressed  tlie  Hnppositi(.u 
tliat  it  may  belonu;  to  tlie  relationslii|)  of  7'.  (Aciimi)  tihlnlis;  but 
in  doing  it,  I  paid  too  little  attention  to  the  coloring  of  the  liody, 
1  think  it  more  probable  now  that  this  is  a  sjH'cies  closoly  alliel  to 
T.  {liexnchata)  eTiiiiiii  Wied.,  perhaps  even  only  a  badly  described 
variety  of  this  very  species. 

20.  electa  Say,  a  Spiloi/rnjihii ;  has  been  described  in  Monographs,  Vol.  I. 

21.  ezimia  Winl.,  a  Hextichifta,  described  above;  known  long  ago  as  a 

Brazilian  species ;  its  occurrence  in  Mexico  has  been  discovered 
ivecenlly. 

22.  fasciventris  Marq,,  synonymous  with  T.  (HeTorhiptn)  r.rlmin  Wied. 

23.  femoralis    Thorns,,  an   unknown    Urfllia  Ui>\n   Ihe   group  with   two 

bristles  on  the  scntellnm. 

24.  fimbriata  Macij.  is  the  same  as  T.  {CurphntiicJiu)  m/tit  Wied. 

2.T.  flavonotata  Morq.,  a  species  closely  allied  to  T.  (Siiihii/ni/ilia)  electa 
Say,  but  not  a  mere  variety  of  tiiis  species,  as  I  formerly  supposed. 
It  is  described  in  this  volume. 

26.  flexa  Wkd.  is  a  Tritoxa  (Ortalida). 

27.  fraterculus  \Vie<L,  described  by  Wieiiemann    as   Dacun  fraterciilns, 

after  a  specimen  fi-om  Brazil  ;  occurs  likewise  in  I'eru,  New 
Granada,  and  Culm.  Belongs  in  the  genus  Acrotom,  and  is  the 
same  as  Trypeta  uuicolor  Lw.,  Monognipiis,  Vol.  I.  Wiedemann's 
description  did  not  enable  me  to  recognize  this  identity,  wliieh  I 
have,  however,  found  out  since,  by  comparing  the  original  speci- 
men. As  a  matter  of  course,  Wiedemann's  name  has  to  be  main- 
tained. 

28.  fticata  Fahr.  may  be  referred  to  Tepliritis,  and  has  been  described 

above. 

29.  fulvifrons  Macq.  is  Chaitopxia  renen  Wied.  (Ortalidse). 

30.  genalis    Tlwms.,    from    California;    unknown   to   me;    probably  a 

Tepliritis. 

31.  Inermis  II.  Deav.,  published  as  a  Slrauzia,  is   T,  (Si'raussia)  lomji- 

peitnU  female. 


')i 


AI'l'ENDlX    I. 


•Sill 


32. 
33. 

34. 


35. 
3ti. 


37. 

38. 
3:). 
4il. 

41. 

42. 

43. 

44. 

4r.. 

4tj. 

47. 

4S. 
41). 
50. 

fil. 
,^2, 
5:^. 

54. 


interrupta  Mucq.,  descriliHil  as  Cio/ihora,  ia  not  a  Tri/petida  at  all, 
but  II  liirellia  of  liitlicult  iileiitilicHtiuii. 

latipenula  Ma<</.,  publirtliHil  aa  a  PI(Hy»u»na,  is  nioflt  c«>rtjiiiily  a 
Tri/iHitida,  ill  wiiioii  I  uaiiuot  rticoguize  auytliiut{  «lrta  hut  T. 
{Kutreta)  sfKirsa, 

LichteuBtelnil  Wivd.,  deaoribed  above  after  the  typea  of  Wimie- 
uiaiiu'H  worli,  and  piovisiioiialiy  placed  in  th«  genus  Ji /erica,  from 
tbn  typioal  Hpecies  of  which,  howuver,  it  in  Hoinewhiil  dilTereut. 

liogaster  J'fioms.  is  tiiu  amne  as  T.  {Aiidiu)  ffdiiin  Lvi, 

lougipeiinla  Wied.  is  tlie  typical  speoies  of  the  gouuH  Slrmnmin,  and, 
as  it  aeeuis,  undergoes  consideraljle  variations.  In  Monograpiis, 
Vol.  I,  1  have  given  a  description  of  this  speoies,  and  in  tlie  present 
volume  have  enumerated  the  varieties  wliich  I  iiave  liad  oocasioa 
to  see,  aciiii"  of  wliich,  however,  may  lie  distinut  species. 

margiiiepunctata  J/ac/.,  almost  certiiinly  a  Ti  i/jieliilu,  but  which  it 
would  he  premature  to  identify  with  T.  (Curiihotiii/ui)  ailtn  Wied. 
Macquart's  data  are  so  very  insufficient  liiat  the  identification  will 
be  very  difficult. 

melliginis  /'itch  is  a  Rivellia,  umler  which  head  it  has  been  discussed. 

mevarna  Wnlk.,  an  Urellia,  unknown  to  me. 

mexicana  Wied.,  an  Emiresta;  the  above  description  has  been  pre- 
pared from  Wiedemann's  typical  specimen. 

narytia  U'ulL:  ;  the  remarks  appended  above  to  arala  Walk,  may  be 
repeated'  here. 

novaeboracenais  Fitch  is  synonymous  with  T.  (Euircta)  spnrsa 
Wh.l. 

nigriventris  Macq.,  erroneously  described  as  Uraphnrn ;  it  is  a  T'ry- 
petidii,  which  1  do  not  know,  and  concerning  the  systematic  posi- 
tion of  which  I  am  in  doubt. 

obliqua  Mucq.  is  an  Aciotuxa ;  I  do  not  know  it. 

obliqua  Say  is  the  type  of  the  subgenus  Playiotoma ;  is  described  in 
Monographs,  Vol.  I. 

ocresia  Walk,  belongs  to  the  subijenus  Acrotoxa ;  I  am  unable  to 
identify  it  among  the  species  known  to  me. 

picciola  lii;i«t  (R.  de  la  Hagra,  Hist.  fls.  Cub.  Tab.  XX,  f.  10).  This 
species,  descril""!  as  Aclnia,  is  the  same  as  7'.  (Ensiiui)  humilis  Lw. 

picta  Fahr.,  ty\i<--  of  the  genus  Cdiitfitonenra  (Ortulida). 

pomonella  Walsh,  snbisfiius  Rhagolciis,  is  described   in  this  volume. 

quadrifasciata  Muri/.  I  suppose  that  this  species  will  be  found  to 
be  identical  with  T.  (Pcrnni/iiKi)  narcinatu  Lw. 

quadrivittata  ,^facq.  is  an  Ortalida. 

scutellaris  Wied.  is  an  Ortalida. 

scutellata  Wied.  is  a  Tnjpeta  the  position  of  which  cannot  be  made 
out  of  Wiedemann's  description  ;  Wiedemann's  typical  specimen 
unfortunately  is  no  more  in  existence. 

septenaria  Harris  is  to  be  stri(!ken  out,  as  undescribed. 
±1 


>,     • 


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308 


NiillTII    AMEIllCAN    TUVl'KTINA. 


C5.  lolldaglnls  f'itcfi,  nii  Kura.-tn,  HutUcioiUly  (luMuribu<l  in  Mnuognipli.'^, 

Vol.  1. 
RG.  sparsa  \Vii<l, ;  described  Iti  Moiiographs,  Vol.  I ;  typioul  Hp«uleH  of  the 

gciuirt  Eitlrita, 
hi.  tabellarla  Fiich;  dcsitriliud  hh  a  Tiphrilis,     In  Monographic,  Vol.  I,  1 

have  ttxpi'HHstid  tli«  erroni-ou.s  sn{)p<)sition  tlmt  tliis  ttpuuiuH  liclonk'ii 

to  the  Ortaliilffi.     It  in  a  Tryp«)ti<la  of  tliu  dubguims  Jihuyulciis,  and 

has  been  <iHsorib«d  in  tlie  present  voluine. 
6P.  triblUlB  lliirria  i»  not  described,  nnd  hence  must  be  stricken  out. 
fi9.  trlmaoulata  Mnvq.  is  '/'.  (SfKiiiisin)  louijIjiiitiiiH  Wied. 
CO.  trifasciata //firr/.i ;  not  dei-<!rilied, 
61.  viUosa  Ji.  iJvsv,  ;  deHcribed  ns  Prinnrlht ;  the  remark  appended  above 

to  Priondla  licauvuiaii  may  be  repeated  here. 


■j'j 


U 


■;% 


Tlic   result  of  the   above   rcuiarks   may  be   summed   up   a-> 
follow.s : — 

1.  Five  of  tlie  above-quoted  spefio.s  named  by  Mr.  Harris  must 
be  stricken  out,  as  their  descriptions  have  never  been  piili- 
lished : — 


albiscutellata  Harris. 
Cinctipes  J/nrria. 
septenaria  Harris, 


tribulis  Harris. 
trifasciata  Harris. 


2.    Tc7i  species  must  la  transferred  to  the  Ortalidse : — 


eenea  v.  d.  Wulp. 
antillarum  Macq. 
arcuata  Walk. 
fleza  Wied. 
fulvlfrons  Macq. 


interrupta  Macq. 
melliginia  Fitch. 
picta  Fabr, 
quadrivittata  Macq. 
Bcutellarls  Wied. 


3.  Fifteen  species  are  merely  synonyms  of  other  Trypetidaj;  tlie 
two  marked  with  an  interrogation  are  not  as  certain  as  the 
others : — 

armata  R.  Drsv,  =  longipennis  Wied. 
asteris  //"rr.  =:  solidaginis  J- itch. 
caliptera  ^^d^  =  aparsa  Wifd. 
cornigera  Walk.  =  longipennis  Wied. 
cornifera  Walk.  =  longipennis  Wied. 
cribrata  r.  d.  Wtdp  =  lat-.ifrons  Lw. 
fasciventria  Macq.  =  eiEimia  Wied, 


Ari'KNDIX    I.  33'J 

fimbriata  Mncq.  nsonlta  WinL 
?  Uogaater  Thorns.  =  fratrla  Lw. 

Inertnis  H.  Oetv.  ss  longipennis  Wied. 

latipennis  Macj.  c=  sparsa  Wi<tl. 

novaeboraoensls  A iV'/i  ==  sparsa  iVUd, 

pioolola  liii/itt  =  humiUs  Lw. 

trlmaculata  Mucii.  =  lone,{pennis  W'lid. 
?quadrifaBoiata  Mu<i/.  =sarcinata  J^w. 

Fifteen  PjH'cios  are  recognized  by  iiie  niul  dcHorihcd  in  detail 
in  Moii(»graplis,  Vol.  I,  and  in  the  presont  worii: — 


comma  Wied. 
oulta  Wild. 
electa  -'^oy. 
exlmla  Wiid. 
flavomaculata  Macq. 
fraterculus  Witd. 
fucata  h'abf. 
Licbtensteinll  Wied. 

5.   Sixteen  species  consequently 
or   have   not   been    able 
undoubtedly  Tnjpetidse; 
with  an  interrogation  :— • 

aciduBa  Walk. 

acutangula  Thorns. 

aurlfera  Thorns. 
?avala  Walk. 
?BeauvoiBii  R.  Desv. 

Dlnla  Wulk. 

femoralis  Thoma. 

genalls  Thorns. 


longlpennis  Wild. 
mexicana  Wied. 
obliqua  Sn;/. 
pomonella  Width. 
BoUdaginis  Fitch. 
sparsa  Winl. 
tabellaria  I'iich. 


remain,  which  I  have  never  ficcn 
to  identify;  most  of  them  are 
the  doubtful  ones  I  have  marked 


marglnepnnctata  Macq. 

mevarna  Walk. 
?nar7tla  Walk. 

nigriventris  Macq, 

obliqua  }fiii'q. 

ocresia  Walk. 

acutellata  Wied. 
?  villosa  R.  Desv. 


.  .  '    ,y 


/ 


fcl 


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4\  .',1 


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M'4 


w 

n 


340 


NOKXU    AM£HICAN    XKYPETINA. 


APPEXDIX  II. 


The  descriptions  of  Nortli  American  species  of  Tnjpefa,  pnb- 
lislied  by  previous  authors,  but  not  idenliiiod  in  the  I'oreguing 
Monograph,  are  reprinted  verbatim  in  tlie  Monographs,  etc., 
Vol.  I,  p.  5)4.  Tlie  following  five  Californian  species  of  Mr. 
Thomson,  were  published  since  tlie  issue  of  that  VDlutnc  (T.  lio- 
gafiter  Thoms.  is  left  among  them,  as  its  sj'nonymy  with  T. 
fratria  Lw.  la  not  quite  certain). 


sUK 


w 


iIh' 


Thomson,  Eugenics  liesa,  etc.,  Zoologi,  VI,  p.  5T8. 

Genns  TRl'PETA. 

A.  Alae  ciibiti  ramo  aiibmarginali  setiiloso,  cellula  anali  postice  angnla 
infero  brevit.er  sed  acute  producta,  abscissa  costal:  2a  spinula  fere 
nulla.  Frons  serie  lateral!  5-seto3a.  Thorax  setaruiu  duraalium 
pari  pouB  medio  sito.     Scntelluni  4-3etosum.     Proboscis  brevis. 

251.  Trypeta  liogaster. — Femiginea  nitida,  abdomineglabro;  alis 
albis,  fuaco-tlexuoso-variegatis;  postscutello  macula  magua  didyiua 
nigra.      J  .    Long.  5  inill. 

Palria.  California. 

T.  Onopordi  colore  et  alarum  pictnra  simillima,  abdomine 
glabro  mox  distincta.  Caput  rotundura,  fere  globosum,  ferriigi- 
neura,  occipite  baud  excavato ;  fronte  subopaca,  snbtilissime 
pnberula,  serie  lateral!  5-setosa,  setis  2  posterioribus  magis  ab 
oculis  reniotis;  epistomate  baud  brevi,  foveis  antennalibus  minus 
determinatiH,  divergentibus,  genis  angustis,  infeme  paullo  lati- 
oribti.s;  peristomio  m:,mo,  rotundo,  utrinque  medio  seta  una 
validiore  nigra  instrueto,  proboscidc  brevi,  capitnlo  crasso  ;  ocii- 
lis  nudis,  fere  cvalibus,  inferne  sat  longe  descendcntibus,  orhita 
frontal!  p-^'allela,  livciali  minus  divergente.  Antenna?  subdeflexa?, 
basi  vix  distautes,   articulo   3o   ovali,  apiee   baud   mucrouato, 


APPENDIX   II. 


341 


epistomatis  apicera  haud  attiugeiite,  seta  nuda.     Thorax  ferragi- 

neus,  nitidus,  glabcr,  setarum  dorsalium  pari  pone  ini'diuin  sito ; 

scutellum  subtriangularc,  4-jsetosuiu,  postscutello  macula  inagiia 

nigra  nitida  utriuque  oriiato.     Ala3  longaj,  uuirgiiie   iiiforo  vix 

sinuato,  alljo-bruuiieoque  flexuoso-variogat*,  macula  lUMiipc  ob- 

longo-cpiadrata  collulaai  tutaiu  iiiediastiiiam  I'cre  occupantc  aitoni- 

oue  costali  triangulari   ad  cubiti   rauiuiu  suliiiiargiiialcin  usquo 

descendente,  pone  postcostaj  exituni  sita,  cum  maculis  duabus 

disci  sliiubu.sque  protundis  luarginis  iaferioris  ante  apicem  albis, 

basi  inferiie  late  albida ;  nervis  costali  abtscissa  2a  spinula  fere 

nulla,  3a  2a  baud  duplo  broviore,  5a  sextan  fere  a?(iuali ;  media- 

stino  apice  sub  angulo  recto  costara  versus  abscendeute  ibidemque 

obsoleto;  postcostali  toto  dense  setuloso,  niediuui  ala;  vix  attin- 

gente;  cubiti  furca  sat  longe  ante  apicem  celluhe  liuiueralis  sita, 

ramo  submargiuali  parce  vix  ultra  norvuni  transversum  ordina- 

rium    setuloso,    postico    lenissimo    curvato    et   bracliiali    plane 

parallelo;  bunierali  niox  pone  nervum  transversum  discoidaloni 

desinente ;    cellula   discoidali    postice    recta    truncata    nervum 

tiansversura  ordinarium  perpendicularem,  longe  pone  postc(»st;e 

exitum  situni,  in  sua  tertia  posteriore  parte  exeipiente;    aiiali 

inferne  liaud  longe,  .stid  acute  produ'  'a,  qjiam  humcrali  breviore. 

A' domen    ovali-rotundnm,    supra    levitvr   convexum,   glabruni, 

nitidum,  sogmento  5o  niargine  postico  utrinque  setis  4  ornato, 

6o  parvo  fere  triangulari,  apice  truncato,  brunneo-nigro,  tcre- 

bram   includente.      Pedes   baud    validi,   coxis   anticis    medium 

mesosterni  vix  attingentibiis;   femoriijus  anticis  sul)tus  setosis; 

tibiis  intermediis  apice  calcari  nigro  arinatis;  mososternum,  ut 

in  omniljus,  netii  in  angulo  i)osteriore  iustructum;  epimeris  etiam 

fiub  alls  seta  nigra  i)rieditis. 


'■'  <  •         V       1,1-      ■■:     ■ 

■  .\;  ■   :»>,  ;•. :. 
t^'-'  ,.  ,'ir»!.,  •  ' 

■■■  ,i--'.  ;m,- ■■;•:'. ^ 

.■"  .,-•'■  '■■■'    '»■':.',■.';■ 


.■'■ij 


B.  Al»  ramo  cubiti  f<«Wmareinali  ntif^o. 

aa,  AlsB  Cf'llula  disi  oilali   postice  quam  nervi  transversi  ordinar.. 
longitudine  vix  iati^we, 
6.  Proboscide  ha«d  hamat/>-rpfl(>xa. 
ec.  Alae  ct-lliila  dis(;i>idali  atiitnlK  iufwro  reoto. 

dJ.  Alse  minus  aiii:ast,<»  <^t»Ilii!is  bradiiali  et  bnraerali  hand  brevibns, 
nei'vo  traiisverso  dici-oidali  mr.rijinc  iiiff-ro  alse  approximato, 
abscissa  co^t.ili  r)!  Ha  h;)ud  duplo  lotigiorn. 
ee.  Aire  albidnfi  vi-l  liyaliiire.  fiiscn -maculiitre.  vt^l  rHticiilatne. 
/•  Scutellum    t)isetosum.       Alae    atiirnlo    iiiferiore    cellule    aiialis 
recto.      Tliorax    Betarnm  dorsalium   pari    ant"   medium    sito. 
Femora  plerumque  tenuia,  aiili(!a  setisi  3-4  subtus  oruata. 
gg.  Cellula  postcostali  nigra  vel  uigro-fusoa. 


■A^i 


i' 

r" 

t; 

.''.'1'.. 

■'* 

t 

,■■ 

t; 

1; 

t 

V 

t; 

342 


NOKTU   AMERICAN    TRYl'ETINA. 


338.  Trypefa  fi- moral  is.- -Nigro-fusaa,  glauco-piuruwa,  capite 
cum  autmiiiiji  jiedibu.-^quu  Uavis,  feiiioiibus  illt♦^l•llle(lii^^  SaDtus  setnlin 
4-5  muuiti.s  ;  alls  albidis,  macula podlei'iuru  fusca  apirt- m  versurf  nullum 
lamum  sed  intVine  ramum  iutegium  uervum  transverso-discoidalem 
trauseuutem  emitteiite,  cum  cellula  poalcostali  per  plagam  obliiiuum 
Gouuuxa.      %  .     Lung.  4  mill. 

Palria.   California. 

rrajcedeutibus'  siiiiilis  ot  aflinis,  femoribiis  intermediis  subtus 
setis  4-5  validioribus  iimuitis,  alis  macula  posteriore  ni}^ro-fus(.'a 
gultulas  3  majures  includoute,  raiiiuiu  a))ic'alem  nullum  sed 
iiiferne  ramulus  2  abbreviatos  ante  raniuiii  nervinn  truiisverso- 
di.^coidak'in  traiiseuiitciii  emitteute,  rauiis  2  pDslorioribus  busi 
taiitum  iiidicatis,  ucrvo  huiut'ruli  lougitudinaliter  ultra  wudiuiu 
iuluscato  distiucla. 


i/'f 


i 
fa 


".fh 


'VI     - 


jff".  Scutelluir.  4-setopnm.    Alse  angulo  inferiore  postico  cellalae  analia 
acute  aubproducto. 

261.  Trypeta  a<-iitapgula.  Nigricans,  cano-pruinosa,  capite, 
scutelli  apice  ptnii basque  flavis  ;  alis  parce  fusco-reticulatis,  macula 
niajore  iiigricaute,  fuauo-radiata,  cullula  postcostali  llaveaceuti.  'J, . 
Long.  4  mill. 

Patria.   raliforiiia. 

Ails  pictura  tore  T.  cnmeta,  sed  disco  et  aiitice  paroo  fu.<co- 
rt'ticulatift,  cellula  ])()stcostali  i'cro  tuta  Havcsccuti,  sorio  Iroutali 
5-setosa  mox  distincta.  Caput  thoracis  latitudine,  flavo-tt-sta- 
ceuiii,  occipite  s^uperne  fusco,  fere  truiicato;  froule  Jere  tnuisversa, 
serie  utriiujue  S-.setosa  ;  ei)is)tomate  brevi,  I'oveis  auteiiualibus  fere 
parallelis,  sat  discretis;  peristouiio  subrotuiido,  probosciile  Iia.id 
geiiiculata;  oculis  sat  niagnis,  iuferne  sat  lunge  descendontibus, 
orbita  fronlali  antrorsum  fere  C(»nvergente.  Antenna;  breves, 
subdeflexa3,  articulo  iJo  ovali-rotundo,  epistonuitis  apicem  fere 
attingcnte,  nigro-fuseo,  seta  nudiuscula.  Thorax  caiio-pruinosus, 
setaruin  dorsalium  pari  pone  suturain  transversam  sito;  .scutello 
apice  late  testa<ieo,  4-setoso,  setis  apiealibns  ndnoribus  approxi- 
niatis.  Ala?  sat  latte,  obscure  hyulinai,  pareius,  disco  medio 
evidentius,  fuseo-reticulatie,  macula  posteriore  uigricante,  sul)ro- 
tunda,  guttas  2  costales  includente,  quarum  posteriore  paullo 


'  The  two  preceding  ppecies  are  :  T,  (jhurn  from  Sidney,  wliich  the 
author  calls  "  T.  solari  Loew  similis  et  afflnis,"  and  T.  meteurica  from 
Bueuos  Ayrea,  doatribed  as  "pra;cedenti  simillima."    0.  S. 


APPENDIX   II. 


343 


ante  rami  marginalis  cxitinn  sita,  apiceiu  versus  ramum  bifurca- 
tiun,  inforiie  ramus  '6  uiigu,>tos  iiilogros  I'u.scos  euiitlt'iilo;  fusce- 
dino  iiervi  traiisvursi  ordinarii  sat  lita,  postice  guttis  2  luajusculis 
a  macula  posteriori)  matraa  sejuucta,  per  slrigum  obli(iuuin  cuui 
cellula  i)o.steostali  flaversceuti  coiiiioxa  et  in  ccllulam  discoidaleni 
loljuui  Iriangularein  eiiiittciite;  cellula  margiuali  poslico  gullis  2 
magnis  all)idis,  linca  transversa  fiisca  soparatis  oriuita;  norvis 
costali  abscissa  2a  spinula  distiiicta  armala,  6a  Ga  plus  quaiii 
ses(|ui  loiigioro;  postcostali  modinm  alae  atlingoiite;  cubili  ramo 
subiuargiuali  poslico  cum  Ijracliio  plane  parallelo,  hoc  pone 
uervuM  'ransvcrso-discoidali'in  Icnissime  curvalo;  cellula  discoi- 
dali  uer-ura  transversum  onlinarium,  sat  longe  pone  postcostie 
exitum,  nonnihil  pone  uu'dimu  aliB  situin,  in  sua  5a  postcricjre 
parte  cxcipiente;  anali  aiiguio  inferno  postico  acute  subproducto. 
Abdomen  unicolor,  nigricans,  cano-pnbcrulum  et  pilis  depressis 
parvis  rigidis  pallidis  vestitum,  seguiento  4o  prajcedente  plus 
quani  duplo  longiore.  IV-des  toti  fiavi,  femoribus  hand  validis, 
anticis  subtns  e.tulis  3-4  tiavidis  longioribus  et  basi  uouauUis 
brevioribus  ornatis. 


■  .  ■■■  ■;!.■:-»■ 


> 


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hb.  Prohoscide  hnmato-reflexa.  Epistomate  brevi,  infenie  promi- 
iieiite;  pHristoiiiio  antire  fxciso-assurtrHiitt*.     Falpi.s  promiimiis. 

hli.  Alae  fascia  recta  ueivuui  transversum  ordiiiarium  trauseuute  hauJ 
oniatie  seil  Iuhco  reticulatae. 

t.  Scutelluiu  4-setouiu. 


1*   ,i 


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!n 


364i  Trypeta  aiirifera. — Niirricans.  capitecutn  ai)teiiiiis  pedibua- 
que  testaoeis,  fVinorilius  ultra  iiiiMliuin  iiijiris  ;  ali.s  suliliyaliiiis,  obsolete 
fusco-xeticulatis.  luinlU  costali  (jiiadrata  poue  spiuulaiu  Hita,  determi- 
nate uigricaute.      ^  }  .     Long.  3 — 4  mill. 

Palria.   California. 

T.  i'l())n/ahihi'.  simillima,  femi)ril)us  ultra  medium  nigro-fu.scis, 
alls  adhue  ol)Soletiiis  fusco-rL'ticiilatis,  cellula  jtostcoslali  nigro- 
fusca,  guttam  all)idai*i  baud  indudente  mux  distineta.  Caput 
liaud  transversum,  thoracis  hilitndine,  testaueum,  occipite  fnsci), 
inferne  tuniido;  fronle  siilideclivi,  hititudine  snadiniidio  longiore, 
utrin(|ue  albida  4-setnsa,  seuto  ocelligero  nigro-fusco;  epistouiate 
brevi,  vertieali.  gcnis  inferut-  hand  latls,  siipei'ne  anguslis;  peris- 
toniio  obloiig^^.  antice  angulato-exciso,  ijndtoscide  clongala, 
geniculata,  cmpttok)  longissimo,  tenui  ;  oculis  magnis  oblitpiis. 
Antennas   basi   contigua),   tostaceas,    breves,   episitomatis   apicem 


■,:-.•■     "I 


'  •■    -  r' 


m. 


344 


NORTH    AMERICAN    TUYPETINA. 


attiiigeiites,  articulo  3o  brevitcr  ovali,  seta  luula.  Tliorax 
iiig-rieans,  cano-pruinosus  et  puUo  brevi  rigida  pallida  vostitus, 
Betarum  dorsalium  pari  uiox  pone  sjturam  sito;  sciitclhuii 
4-setosum,  setis  apicalibus  parvis.  Ala3  subliyaliiiaj,  obsolete 
fuseo-reticulatue,  macula  quadrata  pone  spiuulani  nigrioanic, 
determiuata :  nervis  costali  abscissa  2a  ppinula  niunita,  oa  (!a 
paullo  longiore;  postcostali  mcdimn  alie  baud  attingento;  bra- 
chiali  et  ramo  sul)marginali  cul)iti  parallulis;  cellula  discoidali 
nervum  transversum  ordinarinm,  longe  pone  postcostie  cxitiun 
paullo  pone  medium  ahe  situm,  in  sua  4a  postcriore  parte  exci- 
piente;  anali  angiilo  inferno  acuto.  Abdomen  subdcpressuni, 
pruinosum  et  pubo  rigida  pallida  vestitum,  sognientis  4o  ct  5o 
apice  setulis  nonnullis  marginatis,  (\o  deprcsso,  nitido,  glabro,  2 
prtecedentibus  simul  sumptis  longitudine  cecpiali.  i'cdos  baud 
validi,  femoribus  anticis  suljtus  setis  2-3  ornatis,  omnibus  uigris, 
apice  cum  tibiis  tarsisque  teslaceis. 


iss 


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,*., 

W 

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«ip- 


y^.pis^^iii'ii':'.' 


HGH.  Trypeta  ^eiialis. — Nigricans,  capite  pedibusque  flavis,  femo- 
ribus ultra  nwfdium  niifris  ;  alls  hyaliuia,  fu.sc;o-reticulatis,  strigaobliqna 
poue  spinulam  apiewjue  iiiagis  fuscis;  abiloiiiinn  t)ifariam  fuseo-macu- 
lato,  lerebra  brevi  depredia.      %  J  .     Loug.  3 — 4  mill. 

Patria.   California. 

T.  texseJmfse  Lctcw,  simillima  genis  isuperne  angnstioribus ;  alis 
obscure  livsilinis,  guttis  minuribus,  disco  interiore  basali  magis 
fusco-reticuiutit  distincta;  a  pnecedentc  capituli  labiis  breviorilms, 
alis  evidentius  fusco-reticulatis  discedens.  Caput  ut  in  pnece- 
dente,  fronte  paullo  latiorc,  epistoniate  parum  proniinuio,  pro- 
l)oscidn  ca])itul'.  minu-s  flnnnrato.  Thorax  et  scutcllum  ut  in 
praeccdente  coiistructa.  Ahe  subliyalina?,  fusco-roticulatiB,  striga 
nigro-fusca  p»tne  spinulam  guttam  albam  costalem  includcnte, 
oblique  nervum  transversum  ordinariuin  transeunte,  apice  f'usco, 
guttis  ]»luribus  majoribus  all)idis,  quaruin  ^  arcum  ante  apicem 
formantiiius  ornato;  nervis  oranino  ut  in  prtecedonte  directis,  sed 
poiitL'oHlali  medium  alaj  attingento,  traiisverso  ordinario  paullo 
pone  postcostaj  exitum  sito.  Abdomen  bifariam  fusco-macula- 
tum,  pilis  brevibus  rigidi*  albidis  in  margine  apicali  segmentorum 
evidentioribus  vestitum.  Pedes  ut  iu  praeccdente,  sed  femoribus 
auticis  subtus  setis  4-5  ornatis. 


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■     ■■■•  u'".^ 


IXDEX  OF  THE  TRYPETINA. 


•'.   cJ.V)V 


Acidia,  234,  235,  327,  329,  332 
Acidia  fratria  Lw.,  234 
suavis  Lw.,  235 
Acidogona,  285,  327,  330,  331 
Acidogona  melanura,  283 
Auiuia  comma  Macij.,  281 

fimbriata  Macq.,  276 
liovaeboraceusirf  Fitch,  274 
picciola  Bigot,  291 
solidaginis  Fitch, 280 
Aciiira,  2G7,  327,  329 
Aciura  insecta  Lw.,  2(58 
Acrot?enia,  274,  327,  329,  331 
Acrotjenia  testudinea  Lw.,  272 
Acrotoxa,  227,  327,  329,  331 
Acrotoxa  fratercuius  [Vied.,  2-2 
ludeus  Lto.,  223 
Buspensa  LjW.,  222 
triciucta  Lw.,  225 
Anomoea,  332 

Aspilota,  28(3,  327,  330,  332 
Aspilota  alba  Lw.,  2^5 

albidipeiniis  Lw.,  286 
Veruouiae  LjW.,  286 

Hlepharoneura,  272,  327,  329,  331 
Blepharoueura    poscilogastra     Lw. 
270 

Carphotricha,  279,  327,  329,  333 
Carpholiiclia  culta  Wied.,  276 
Chsetostoma,  332 

Dacus  fratercuius  Wied.,  222 
parallelus  H^/>^/m227 
serpentinus  Wied,,  227 

Dasyneura,  272 

Ensiiia,  291,  327,  330,  333 
Kiisina  hunnlis  Liv.,  291 
Epochra,  23^  327,  329,  332 
Epoohra  canadensis  Lw.,  235 
Euaresta,  296,  327,  330     ' 


Euaresta  sequalis  Lw.,  308 
belK  Lw.,  311 
feativa  Lw.,  309 
melanogastra  Lw,,  315 
niexicana  Wied.,  317 
timida  Lw.,  311 
puia  Lw.,  320 

Euphranta,  332 

Eurosta,  280,  327,  329,  332 

Euroata  comma  Wied.,  280 
latifrons  Lro,,  283 
solidaginis  Fitch,  279 

Entreta,  276,  327,  329,  331 

Eutreta  rotundipennis  Lw.,  276 
Bparsa  Wied.,  274 

Hemilea,  332 

Hexachseta,  219,  327,  329,  331 
Hexachaeta  amabilis  Lw.,  219 
exiniia  Wied.,  216 
Hypenidium,  332 

Icterica,  287,  290,  327,  3?0,  332 
Icterica  circinata  Lw.,  288 

Licliteusteinii  Wied,,  28 

Striata  Lw.,  287 

Musca  fucata  Fhr.,  301 

ruficauda  Fbr,,  254 
Myopiteti,  332 

Oedaspis,  250,  260,  263,  328,  329 
Oedaspis  ntra  Ltv.,  256 
polita  Liv.,  256 
gibba  Lw.,  260 
Oedicarena,  247,  327,  329,  332 
Oedicarena  tetanops  Z/W.,  245 
Or.'Uia,  3H2 
Oxvna,  295,  332,  333 
Oxvphora,  280,  287,  295,  309,  332, 
333 

Peronyma,  250,  328,  329,  332 
(345) 


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346 


INUKX    OF    TIIE    TEVl'ETINA. 


PtToiiyma  aarciiiata  Lw.,  247 
Plagiotoma,  25:!,  :}2S,  1329,  S:52 
I'lagiotoma  discolor  Lw.,  'J,^>0 
obliijua  Stiij,  251 
PlatyparHa,  '.i'd2 
Platystouia   lalipeuuis   Mtici/.,   274, 

337 
Priouella  Beawvoisii  Roh.  Desi\,  335 
villosa  Hub.  Desv.,  338 

Rhacochlffiiia,  332 
Rliag(.letis,  2(57,  327,  329 
Rhayoletis  cingulata  Lw.,  2(13 

pmnonella  Walnh,  2G5 
tabellaiia  Fitch,  2G3 

Sphenella,  332 
iSpilographa,  327,  329,  332 
Spilograplia  electa  Sdii,  243 

tiavonotata  Macq,,  244 
Steiiopa,  234,  327,  329,  332 
Hteuopa  vnlnerata  />»'.,  232 
Straussia,  243,  327.  329.  332 
Straussia  loiitripennis  Wicd.,  238 
fcjtrauzia  ariuata  Holt.  Desv.,  23S,  335 
iueriuis  Rob,  Dusc,  238 

Tephritia,  295,  327,  330 
Tephritid  albiceps  Lw.,  302 

auguslipeiiuis     Lw.,    293, 

333 
asteris  Harris,  280 
clathrata  Lw.,  297 
euryptera  Lw.,  304 
fasiciveutris     AJacq.,    216, 

219 
finalis  Lw,,  29G 
fuuata  Fl»:,  3(H 
geininata  Lw.,  203 
Leontodoiitis  .^'/^,  293 
major  Mtin/.,  219 
obliqna  Macq.,  223 
platyptera  A)y.,  ooo 
punctata  Full.,  254 
quaih'ifasuiata  Macq.,  248, 

249 
seeregata  f>»/.,  293 
Koi-iaiis  Winl..  219 
triiiiacnlata  Afiirt/.,  238 
Trypeta,  253,  25(5,  327,  329,  331 
Trypeta  abstersa  Aw.,  322 

aci<lusa  117^-.,  231,  335,  342 
actinobola  /jr.,  32G 
auutaiigula  Thorns. ,  335 
senea  i\  d,  Wulp,  335 
sequalis  Luk,  3uS 
alba  Lie,  2S5 
albiceps  Lie,  302 


Trypeta  albidipenuis  Lw.,  286 

albi.suutellata  Harris,  335 
aiuabilis  Z/W.,  219 
anguritipeiinis  Aw.,  293,  333 
autillaruiii  .l/uc/.,  335 
arcuata  IK//,.,  335 
aruiata  Rob.  Disi\,  335 
aHteris  Harris,  335 
atra  Aw.,  256 
aurifera  Thoins.,  335,  343 
aval  a  \Vlh\,  335 
bella  Aw.,  31 1 
Beauvoisii  Rob.  Desv.,  335 
birteriata  Aw.,  252 
caliptera  Sai/,  274 
canadeusis  Aw.,  235 
cinctipes  Harris.  336 
ciiii;ulata  Aw.,  263 
circinata  Aw.,  288 
clathrata  Lw.,  297 
comma  Wied.,  280 
coiisobrina  Lw.,  230 
coriilfera  Wile,  23S,  336 
cornigera  Wlk..  23S,  336 
cribrata  i'.  d.  Wulp,  336 
ciilta  Wicd.,  276 
diiiia  IK/A-.,  336 
discolor  Lw.,  250 
electa  Saii.  243 
etlialea  li7/..,  335 
euryptera  Aiy.,  304 
eximia  HVt^/.,  216,  336 
iasciveiitris  Macq.,  336 
fetnoralis  Thorns.,  336,  342 
f.stiva  Aw.,  309 
fimbriata  Macq.,  336 
finalis  Lv:,  296 
flavonotnta  Mmq.,  244,  336 
flexa  ITfV'/.,  336 
floresceiitijB  Lin.,  2~A,  331 
fraterculu.s  Wiid.,  222,  336 
IVatria  Aw.,  234 
fucata  Fhr.,  3(i0 
fulvitVons  Macq.,  336 
genii iiata  Azw.,  29fi 
genalis  Thorns.,  336,  347 
gibba  Lw.,  2i)0 
grandis  Macq.,  231 
hamata  /.w.,  229 
humilis  /.w.,  291 
ineruiis  Rob.  Disv.,  336 
insecta  Lw,,  2ii8 
Integra  Aw.,  230 
interrupta  Macq.,  337 
latifrons  Lw.,  253 
lalipennis  .]facq.,  337 
latipeniiis  UV^r/..  274 
Licliteusteiuii  ir/ei/.,  2S9 


INDEX   OP   THE   TRYPETINA. 


347 


Tryp»   JL  liogaster  Tlwms.,  235,  337, 

340 
longipeunid  IVifd.,  238 
ludens  Lto.,  223 
Macquartii  Lw.,  207 
margiuupuuctata       Mucq., 

337 
melanogastra  Lw.,  315 
melanura  Ltv.,  2b'-i 
nielligiuis  /'ilvh,  1)37 
inevarna  \V/h.,  32r),  337 
mexicaua  Wied.,  317 
narytia  WIL: ,  33i» 
iiigeniiua  Lw.,  2r)8 
uigriventris  Miii(/.,  3:i7 
novaBboraceiisis  Fitch,  337 
obliqua  5fN/,  2r)l 
obliqua  Mucrj.,  337 
obscuiiventris  Lw.,  31S 
ooresia  IF/it.,  231,  33ii 
palposa  Lti'..  2;J3.  331 
parallela  Wied.,  22l) 
p«regrina  Z.W.,  2!t2 
plioeiiicura  Lw.,  209 
picciola  Bigot,  337 
picta  Fir.,  337 
platyptera  Lio.,  30() 
poecilogastra  /-w.,  270 
polita  Lw.,  250 
polyclona  Lw.,  324 
ponionella  VKd/sA,  205 
pseudoparallela  Lw.,  230 
piira  Aw.,  320 
quadrifascir.ta  Mnrq.,  337 
quadrivittata  Mani.,  337 
rotiindipe'iiiiis  /v^;.,  27(i 
saruiuata  Lw.,  247 


Trypeta  sout^-llaiis  Wi<,!.,  337 
acutellata  M  /«-(/.,  337 
»eiiata  Lw.,  2h7 
serpentina  l^Vfty.,  226 
solidaginis  Filch,  279 
Bolariri  Lw.,  325 
sparsa  lK/e(/.,  274 
spectabilis  Lw.,  309 
Biiavis  Z/W.,  235 
suspensa  Lw.,  222 
tabelhiria  Fitch,  203 
tenuitt  y.M'.,  310 
testudinea  Lw.,  272 
tetanops  Aui.,  245 
tiniida  /.w.,  311 
tiilmliri  J/ani.t,  338 
triciiicta  Z/W.,  225 
triuiacnlnta  Mucq.,  338 
unicolor  Ah'.,  222 
Vernoniifi  Ltc,  2s6 
villosa  linh.  Desv.,  338 
vuhierata  /.w.,  232 

Frellia,  295,  327.  330 
Urellia  absteisa  Lw.,  322 
actinol.ola  /,?«.,  326 
polyclona  Lw.,  324 
Solaris  Lw.,  325 
Uropliora,  331 

Uropliora  antillarum  Mncq,,  335 
bivittata  Mucq.,  231 
intcrrui-lii,  337 
iiiirriventris  Mucq..  337 
8<'iUH||aris  Marq.,  207 
vittitborax  Macq.,  2''7 

Zouoseiua,  245,  332 


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EXPLANATION  OF  THE  PLATES. 


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PLATE  Till. 

1.  Amphicnephes  pertiisus  no7.  ep. 
S.  Hinieroessa  pretiosa  nov.  sp. 
8.  Rivellia  coiiluncta  dot.  sp. 

4.  Rivellia  Tiridulans  Rob.  Desv. 

5.  Rivellia  quadrifasciata  Alacq. 

6.  Rirellia  variabilis  nov.  sp. 
T.  Rivellia  flavimana  nov.  «p. 

8.  Rivellia  pallida  nov.  sp. 

9.  Myrniecoinyia  myrniecoides  Lw, 

10.  Tritoxa  flexa  ^Vied. 

11.  Tritoxa  cuueata  nov.  sp. 
13.  Tritoxa  incurva  nov.  sp. 

13.  Camptoneiira  picta  Fbr, 

14.  Diacrita  costalis  Gerat. 

15.  Diacrita  aemula  nov.  sp. 

16.  Idana  niargiiiata  Say. 

1*7.  Tetanops  luridipeniiis  nov.  sp. 

IS.  Tetanops  integer  nov.  sp. 

19.  Anacanipta  latiusciila  nov.  sp. 

50.  Ceroxyg  obscuricornis  nov.  sp. 

51.  Ceroxyg  ochricoriiis  nov.  sp. 
SS.  Ceroxys  caniis  Lw. 

33.  Ceroxys  similis  nov.  sp. 

34.  Teplironota  huniilis  nov.  sp. 

35.  Stictocepliala  cribrum  nov  sp. 

(S49) 


'   I." 


':'  .in----    \ 


4 


350  EXPLANATION   OP   THE   I'LATKS. 

96.  Stictocephala  cribelluni  nov.  sp. 
3T.  CalloplH^rin  aniiiilipes  M<icij. 
3N.  Ntlctocephala  corticuliii  I'Uch. 
39.  Stlctocepliala  Tail  •S'/y. 
80.  Ptei-ocalla  titi'igula  uov.  sp. 


&' 


P 


! 


PLATE  IX. 

1.  Oedopa  capito  Lw. 

3.  Oedopa  capito  Lw. 
8.  Oedopa  capito  Lw. 

4.  Eiipliara  caeruiea  .lAi'?. 

5.  JWotogramma  stigma  Fbr 

6.  Seoptera  colon  Lw. 
T.  Euxesta  spoliuta  Lw. 

8.  Euxesta  pusio  Lw. 

9.  Euxest;^  notata  ll'tW. 

10.  Eiixegt..  costalis  Fbr. 

11.  Eiixesta  quaternaria  Lw. 
13.  Euxesta  binotata  Lw. 

13.  Euxesta  annonae  Fiir. 

14.  Euxesta  Tlioniae  '^w. 

15.  Euxesta  abdominalis  Lw. 

16.  Euxesta  alternans  Lw. 
IT.  Euxesta  stigmatias  Lw. 
IM.  Euxesta  eluta  Lw. 

19.  Ciiaetopsis  aenea  ^nv^. 

30.  Ciiaetopsis  debilis  Lw. 

31.  Stenomyia  tenuis  Lw. 
33.  Eunietopia  rufipes  Mncq. 

33.  Eunietopia  Taripes  Lw. 

34.  Epiplatea  erosa  Zw. 

35.  Stenomacra  Ouerinii  Bifjot. 

36.  Idiotypa  appendiculata  no7.  sp. 

37.  Ccelometopia  biniaciilata  nov.  sp. 

38.  Hemixantha  spiiiipes  nov.  sp. 

39.  Melauostoiua  afiuis  uov.  sp. 


EXPLANATION   OP   THE    PF  ATES. 


TRYPETIDiE. 


351 


;(| 


1.  discolor  Lw. 
*Z.  loiii^ipeiiiiis  MV.y/., 
3.  loiiKi|»eiiiii8  Hied., 
4*  fratria  Lw. 

5.  Hiispeiisa  Lw. 

6.  frali>i-fiilii8  \i'ied. 
1.  electa  Say. 

8.  iiisecta  Lw. 

9.  palposa  Lw. 

10.  sua  vis  Lw. 

11.  cingiilata  Lw. 
13.  polita  Lw. 

13.  sparsa  HUd. 

14.  rofmidipennis  Zt 

15.  clatlirata  Lw. 


PLATE  X. 

TRYPETA. 

16.  oolidaginis  flich. 
%.         17.  Iiuiiiilis  Am7. 
9 .         IH.  seriata  /^m'. 

19.  solaria  L.w. 

SO.  aequalis  Aw. 

31.  festiva  Lw. 

3S.  latifroiiH  Lw. 

S3,  bella  Z^w. 

24.  melanofsastra  Lw.,  9. 

35.  tiinida  Lw. 

3<».  obsciiriventris  nov.  !!| 

3T.  spi'Ctabilis  nov.  sp. 

3S.  niexicana  H'ifl. 

39.  tenuis  nov.  sp. 

80.  pvregriiia  nov.  sp. 


\  %': 


PLATE  XL 


1.  geminata  Lw. 
3.  coiiiiiia  iiiW. 

3.  ciilta  inw. 

4.  final  is  Lw. 
6.  albiceps  nov.  sp..  %. 

6.  nielanura  uov.  sp. 

7.  al)st4>rsa  /.w. 

8.  Vernoniae  Lw. 

9.  Lichteiisteinii  Tn'e<i, 

10.  al1)idi|ienuis  Lw. 

11.  alba  />'('. 
I'i.  pho^c^-cnra  ii"^.  sp. 

13.  testiidiiiea  uov.  sp. 

14.  oblitiiia  S<.!(f. 


TRYPETA. 

15.  tetanops  nov.  «p. 

16.  sarcinata  Lw. 
11.  atra  Lw. 
IK.  ni^errima  Lw. 
19.  ludens  nov.  sp. 
SO.  parallela  'i/pf/. 
31.  consobrina  ii<  >-.  sp. 
SS.  lianiata  nov.  <:p. 

33.  integra  nov.  sp. 

34.  pseiidoparallela  nov.  sp. 

35.  serpentina  Wie/l. 

36.  grandis  }/>ir<j. 

37.  biv ittata  J/cc'/. 


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CORRECTIONS  TO  VOLUME  III. 

Page  283,  as  a  synonym  of  T.  ladfrons  insert  :— 

Trypeta  cribrata  v.  D.  Wolp,  Tijdschr.  v.  Eutom.  2  Ser.  Vol.  II,  p.  158. 
Tab.  V,  f.  15.  * 

Observation  (by  the  Editor)  to  page  153. — This  volume  was  already 
printed  when  I  received  from  Mr.  E.  Burgess  specimens  taken  near 
Beverly,  Mass.,  and  showing  the  characters  of  Seuptira  vihntns  Lin.,  as 
distinguished  from  S.  colon  Loew.  Immediately  afterwards  I  found  in  the 
Museum  of  Comparative  Zoillogy  a  precisely  similar  specimen,  apparently 
taken  near  Cambridge,  Mass. — 0.  S. 


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ADDITIONS  AXD  CORRECTIONS 
TO  THE  TREVIOUSLY  I'UULISllKD  VOLUME. 


'V 


Corrections  to  Volumes  I  and  Unfurnished  bij  Mr.  Loew. 

Volume  I. 

Page  10,  line  3  from  bottom,  instead  of  Cylindrotoma  Meif).  read  Macq. 
"     17,    "  15  from  top,  iintHad  of  u'in(/,  read  manjia  <ij'  the  winy. 
"     17,    "  14  from  bottom,  .]Jiliipiiiiiii  (=/iii>jius),  strike  out  Inopua. 
"     18,    "  20  "  instead  of  Aissa,  read  Anli.isu. 

"     19,    "  15  from  top,  instead  ot  fourth  cell  of  posterior  margin,  read 
fourth  poaterior  cell. 
Page  21,  lines  17  and  12  from  bottom,  instead  of  Ohsehins,  read  Opsebius. 

(The  same  name  must  be  corrected  in  the  Index.) 
Page  38,  line  17  from  bottom,  instead  of  liijs  prnportionately  short,  read 

legs  verij  long  and  slender,  with  the  tarsi  proportionateltj  short. 
Page  39,  line  12  from  bottom,  instead  of  generatli/,  read  mostly. 
"     40,    "     12  "  instead  of  with  no  read  without. 

"     42,    "       6  "  Instead  of  tarsi  read  tihiic. 

"     47,  Asteidae;  add  at  the  end:  {Sigaluessa  alone  has  a  posterior  cross- 
vein). 
Page  55,  line  4  from  top,  instead  of  is,  read  it  is. 
"     56,    "     4  from  bottom,  instead  of  and,  read  or. 
"     6  from  top,  instead  of  and,  read  or. 
"  10         "  instead  of  short,  read  thin. 

"     4         "  instead  of  edge,  read  border. 

"  12  from  bottom,  instead  of  23,  read  24. 
"  20  from  top,  instead  of  first  Ka.A  fifth. 
178,   "  10  from  bottom,  before  the  word  "/o«(/(<u</ma/,  add /our<A. 


57, 

70, 

75, 

90, 

91, 

17« 

'■..'."^1 


Volume  II. 

T*!\fle  209,  linos  7  from  top  and  13  from  bottom,  instead  of  Xordhausenf 
read  Xordshansen. 

(m) 


:  r  '• 


4 


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CORRECTIONS  TO  VOT  UME  IV. 
(By  C.  R.  Ostex-Sa(  KEN  ) 


AJjl 


'I 


Pag«  2,  line  6  fror.i  Iwttoni,  instead  of  gcnernl,  r**.!!!  common, 

"  1(),    "     5  from  top,  Instead  of  p.  11.  read  p.  3^7. 

"  23,    '8         "         instead   of  auxiliary,  read    subcostal   (tliiri   ermr 

occurs  twice  on  tlie  saitiH  line). 
Paire  129,  line  3  from  !)ottom,  in-ifnad  of  all  th, .  read  mn^t. 

'■      13'J,  lines   2,  4,   14,  15  from   bottom,  instead  of  I'aralropeza,  read 

iKiratropena. 

The  same  error  occurs  on  page  xi,  line  4  from  bottom. 

"  4;t,  "18 

"  333,    "     2  from  top. 

"  343,    "     3  from  bottom,  column  first. 

"  34r),  "   b       " 

Page  134,  line  4  from  bottom,  strike  oat  lin. 


1^9, 


If 


instead  of  is,  read  are. 


"     170,    "  19  from  top,  instead  of  l>-22,  r.'ad  1829, 
*'     219,    "     4  from  bottom,  before  i/fllowish,  insert /Vworfj. 
"     249,  lines  15  and  llJ  from  bottom  :  the  quotation  from  Doleschall 
given  here  refers  to  bis  paper  in  pamphlet  form  ;    the  full  quotation 
may  be  found  on  page  16,  line  5  from  top,  wliere  p.  3S7  should  be  read, 
instead  of  p.  11. 
Page  275,  line  11  from  top,  instead  of  paujifrti,  read  pauper. 

The  same  error  occurs  on  page   x,  line  4  from  top,  column  first. 

«'  277,    "     5 
"  278,    "     3  " 

"  344,    "     4  from  Iwttom,  column  pec'd. 
Page  293,  line  13  from  top,  insteail  of  rujirornia  Wied.  and  erijlhrnriphulm 

Macq.,  read  riijimrnls  Mac(i,  and  enilhrorcphald  Wied. 
Page  29!j,  line  3  from  bottom,  instead  of  p.  15,  reail  p.  3.01, 
"     331,    "  18  from  top,  instead  of  17,  read  14. 


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Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  14580 

(716)  872-4503 


;:<y 


9 


ADDITIONS  TO  VOLUME  IV. 
(By  C.  R.  Ostkn-Sackkn.) 

I'agH  4.  Ptychoptera.  TUi'  larvjv  of  tliis  gt^nns  "xnmiiiHil  l>y  Uraiier, 
diller  from  all  lh«  kuowu  laivaj  uf  Tipuliilre  in  liiivini,'  tlin  lieii.l  uot  im- 
l)e<l(le(l  up  to  the  muutli  in  tlie  first  tlioracic  snijnient,  1  ut  entirely  fr»»«. 
This  observation  justilien  thn  isolateil  position  wliifli  I  have  4,'ivt'U  to  this 
group  iu  the  family.     Compar<j  Vurh.  Zool.  Hot.  (ies.  l-il'.),  p.  844. 

Page  23.  The  analytical  table,  given  here,  would  bo  improved  by 
beiug  muditied  thus:  — 

I.   A  sinule  f>iibmaririnal  fell. 


Antenna)  14-jointed. 
Limpodia  indistinct  or  none. 
Sect.  I.  Limnobina. 


Antenna'  Iti-jointed. 
Suet.  11.  Limuobina  aaomala. 


'  1.  i'r         .A',' 

T.>'  ■  I 

4-  ■■      •*<■■.   ■ 

»  •«•    'I 


II.  Two  submarginal  colls.     Empodia  distinct,  etc.  etc. 

Page  49.     The  same  raodilication  may  be  made  oil  this  page.  o 

Page  57.  Dicranomyia.  My  remarks  concerning  tlie  differHnces 
between  this  genu.s  and  Limnui  in  apply  to  those  Xnrth  American  and 
Iniropean  species  which  I  had  occasion  to  compare.  1  have  accuinulated 
as  many  distinctive  characters  as  a  careful  comparison  of  the  material 
before  me  could  disclose  ;  but  I  should  not  wonder  at  all  if  forms  oc'curred 
the  location  of  wliich  remained  doubtful,  all  the  euumt;rated  distinctive 
characters  notwithstanding. 

Page  81.  Mr.  Loew  draws  my  attention  to  the  fact,  tliat  the  antennne 
of  Wiijiiilia  cannot  be  properly  called  /iidiril/fil.  because  the  short  stems, 
connecting  the  joints,  are  processes  of  the  anterior  part  of  the  joint  and 
uot  of  the  posterior  one. 

Page  102.  Styringomyia.  Durinu'  my  passage  through  Stockholm  in 
1872.  I  made  the  interesting  discovery  that  this  uenus.  besides  its  occur- 
rence in  amber  ami  copal,  is  fouml  living  in  Africa.  I  saw  several  speci- 
mens among  the  unnamed  diptera  trom  Caffraria  (from  \V;ihlberg'9 
voyage)  in  the  Stockholm  Museum.  The  species  was  apparently  ditlereut 
from  that  incluiled  in  copal,  which  I  possess. 

(   VII   ) 


«(. ..  i 

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Page  115.  Tozorrhfna  muliphrin  f>.  S.  ^  .  I  fonnd  thrpe  mnlpfl  and 
one  female  near  Tarrytowu,  N.  Y.,  iu  July,  1871.  They  all  have  the  <lis- 
oal  cell  open,  which,  therefore,  seems  to  he  the  rule  iu  this  species.  The 
stripes  of  the  thorax  are  dark  hrown ;  the  position  of  the  great  crossvein 
is  variahle,  sometimes  at  the  very  basis  of  the  disoal  cell,  sometimes 
before  it. 

Page  ins,  at  the  bottom.  Sigmatomera.  I  describeil  this  new  cenus, 
from  Mexico,  without  adding  tiie  description  of  the  typical  species,  wliich, 
as  Ia:iticij)ated,  would  be  soon  published  in  a  new  fascicle  of  Mr.  Hpllardi's 
'**".'/.'/'")  *'^"'  This  jmblication  having  been,  in  the  mean  time,  indetiiiitely 
postponed,  it  becomes  necessary  to  supply  the  above  njentioued  omission. 

Siritiinliiviern  flarijimnis  n.  sp. — Yellow,  antennre  long,  black,  except  the 
first  joint,  which  is  ynllow ;  front  feet  and  middle  femora  yellow  (the 
remaining  feet  as  well  as  the  miiidle  tibije  and  tarsi,  are  wantinit). 
Wings  tinged  with  yellowish  ;  central  crossveiiis  and  fifth  vein  slightly 
bordered  with  brown.  Long.  corp.  0..'»G — O.U  ;  long.  al.  0.04. 
Ildh.  Mexico  (Sumichrast). 

Page  173.  Psiloconopa.  I  had  occasion  to  <>xamine  specimens  of  /'. 
Mcijrnii  Zett.,  since  the  publication  of  Vol.  IV,  and  have  become  aware 
that  my  opin.'on  about  its  location  was  erroneous.  This  genus  is  related 
to  Trimicra,  and  its  venation  is  exactly  like  the  latter  genus,  the  subcostal 
cossvein  being  quite  remote  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein.  The  two 
other  EufOpean  species,  mentioned  ou  pages  173  and  174  as  Paildconujur, 
do  not  belong  to  this  genus  at  all,  and  are  much  better  placed  in  the  genus 
Goniomyia.  The  above  correction  will  necessitate  changes  in  all  the  pas- 
sagos,  where  the  genus  Psiloconopa  is  mentioned.  Such  passages  are  the 
following : — 

Page  21,  line  4  from  bottom,  instead  of  P^'omnopn  ?.  read  Gotiiowi/ia  9. 

"     3t),    "     7  from  bottom,  strike  out  the  whole  passage  beginning 

with  is  represented. 
Page  3G,  line  3  from  bottom,  add  Psiloconopa. 


3n 


"    47,  modify  tlie  analytical  table  thus  : — 
nn  (  The  distance,  etc. 
'  I  The  distance,  etc.  Oen.  XXII.  Gnopiiomvia. 

{Seventh  longitudinal  vein  straight;  Tab.  II,  f.  1.  31 

Seventh  longitudinal  vi^n  conspicuously  bisinuated  ;  Tab.  I.  flc 
20.  «en.  XXI.  t<YMrr,K(  ta. 

Three  terminal  Joints  of  the  antennse  abruptly  smaller. 

Oen.  XVIII.  TnrMKTjA. 
Three  terminal  joints,  etc.,  not  abruptly  smalbT. 

Oen.  XX.  PsiLoco.voPA. 


31 


.:,,| 


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v-%1 


•"ijil 


Page  49,  liii«  14  from  liottom,  transfer  C'cii.  'IXFI.  /'sHoroiiopn,  as 
Oeu.  XX,  alter  <'/ii"iie'i. 

Page  135,  liiiH  2  from  hottoni,  strike  out  tlie  i>as.«ai:«  l>fu'imiini,'  with 
''I  believe  uow"  and  einlini;  with  "  tyiiinil  Mnoptf riiia." 

Page  137,  line  11  from  top,  inrttt-ail  of  /'silixiiiiiijiii,  Tf.ul  llonidtiiijin, 

"  173,  line  13  from  liottom,  strike  out  the  whoK'  i)arai,'rai)li 
beginnini?  with  tlieworils:  "'A  genus  closely  aliifil.  »'ti!.."  as  well 
as  its  continuation  ou  the  next  page,  ilowu  to  the  "  Deseiiiiliou 
of  the  species." 

Page  17tj.  Oen.  XXII.  PsiloriDinjtn  shouM  he  placi'il  hetween  Chionm 
anil  Sijmjilertii  as<ien.  XX.  with  the  foUowini;  notice:  Mst.alilisheil 
by  Zettersteilt  in  lS4i»  {/'iiiinii  [,iii>jn>,iirii,  p.  h47),  ami  later  in 
Dipt,  Sraud.  X,  p.  4(i<i7,  upon  a  single  species,  louml  in  Sweden. 
This  genus,  as  far  as  I  have  been  able  to  study  it  upon  .i  dry 
specimen,  is  related  to  Ti  iinimi,  and  its  venation  is  exactly  the 
same,  the  subcostal  crossvein  being  ijuite  remote  from  tlie  tip  of 
the  auxiliary  vein,  etc.  However,  it  does  not  have  the  last  three 
antennal  joints  abruptly  smaller,  and  its  general  appearance  is 
altogether  dilfereut. 

Page  177,  line  10  from  bottom,  strike  out  the  passage  beginning  with 
the  words  :  "The  majority"  down  to  the  bottom  of  the  page,  and 
read  as  follows  insteail :  Some  Karojtean  species  diflFer  from  the 
American  ones  in  the  following  characters:  in  their  coloring  the 
bla<;k  prevaiKs  over  the  yellow  ;  only  a  few  traces  of  the  latter 
color  are  left;  the  auxiliary  vein  seems  to  extend  much  farther 
beyond  the  origin  of  the  jira'furea  than  is  the  case  in  the  Ame- 
rican species  ;  the  structure  of  the  male  forceps  seems  also  to  show 
(  some  dilTerences,  wliich,  however,  I  liave  not  been  able  to  asi.er- 
tain,  not  having  lunl  fresh  specimens  for  comparison.  Such 
species  are  the  Eriojiiern  lahmlin  Macq.,  liist.  Xdt,  hipt,  II.  p. 
CIS  (Syn.  lAinnoliin  jlarolimhaln  H:il.,iu  Walker's  Ins.  lirit.  Dipt. 
Ill,  p.  304)  ;  the  (ioiiioim/i'i  scut)  Hula  Hgger  and  (i.  cmclit  Kgger, 
in  Schiner's  Funna  Austriuru,  Diptera.  One  of  the  latter  may  be 
synonymous  with  the  former,  and  Dr.  Schiuer  was  perfectly 
right  in  referring  them  to  the  genus  (joniomi/id.  All  these  species 
are  not  unlike  the  American  species  of  (Inopln'myia  in  their 
general  appearance;  they  dill'er,  nevertheless,  in  the  absence  of 
the  marginal  crossvein,  in  the  shortness  of  the  first  submarginal 
cell,  in  the  diverging  direction  of  the  branches  of  the  fork  which 
form  it,  and  in  the  presence  of  yellow  in  the  coloring.  It  is  not 
impossible,  however,  that  forms  of  transition  may  be  discovered 
between  these  two  genera,  as  well  as  between  them  and  Emptda. 

(XI) 


-JA^ 


■«        V','-    • 


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/ 


Page  21H.  l.hnnopliiln  iiiornnin  O.  S.  %  . — This  fipfoies  was  quite  ooni- 
iiioii  near  Tariytown,  N.  Y.,  in  .iiiiii',  1>>71.  Two  li'iii.ile.s  wliirli  1  li;ive 
lift'ore  iiie  have  tiio  sligiiia  soiiiewliat  tiugnil  witli  brown  ;  tlm  lirown  at 
tlie  tip  of  tiie  femora  is  luoro  al)ruplly  maikeil.  In  tliH  aliovt-  (innted 
(lescriiition,  \>.  21'.',  line  4  from  bottoin,  tiie  word  /VHi'irii  must  lie  adiled 
liefor«  tlie  wonl  ifflliiirish.  (Mi  tlie  following  page,  line  "i  from  to|>,  instead 
of  iilioiit,  reail  siimi'trli'it  luan  ihan.  Tlie  fore  tarsi  of  tlie  females  are  slmrler 
than  those  of  the  luule.  The  length  uf  the  deuoud  posterior  cell  ib  vari- 
able. 

I'age  2i!0.  Polymera.  This  South  Ainericau  genus,  never  neon  by  me 
})^•fore  the  publication  of  my  volume,  was  duublfiiUy  uientioneil  amonv; 
the  Ahinliijiina.  Mr.  Loew  had  oj  porliinities  of  examining  good  si>eciii>ens 
recently,  and  published  the  result  in  a  paper  entitled  Ulitr  ilia  sjati  uki- 
tisrhe  StilluiKj  il.  tiitii,  I'nliimera  Wied.  (Zeitschr.  f.  d.  gesauimten  Natur- 
wiss.  Neurt  Kolge,  IhTl,  lid.  Ill,  Tab.  V,  f.  1,  2).  It  appears  now  that  the 
antennie  of  J'dlijmtnt  are  not  2S-jointed,  as  was  stated  by  former  authors, 
but  lii-jointed,  and  that  there  cannot  exist  the  slightest  (h)ulit  about  its 
location  among  the  Limnajjliilinu.  It  lias  peculiarities,  liowever,  whidi 
distinguish  it  from  the  ordinary  Limnophilinn  of  luirope  and  North  Ame- 
rica;  a  remarkalily  elongated  third  antennal  joint,  a  structure  of  the  fol- 
lowing joints,  in  the  male,  which  makes  them  appear  double  (hence  the 
error  of  former  authors),  an  open  discal  cell,  and  both  branches  of  the 
fourth  longit:uliual  vein  forked  (contrary  to  the  rule  stated  ou  pag>f  lii'l. 
No.  2);  the  wingveins  have  a  rather  conspicuous  puU^'scence.  Air.  Loew 
ends  his  article  with  a  statement  of  the  principal  characters  of  /'uli/infrd, 
as  recognized  by  him,  which  I  reproduce  liere,  with  a  slight  modilica- 
tiou :  — 

Poliim'tra. — The  number  of  antennnl  joints  ts  normal,  10;  the  first  joint  of  the 
tl.itfeiluin  is  rom.'\rli;il)ly  elon,i,'.Ht('(l,  ejiin(lrii;al,  beset  with  ioni;,  erect  liiiirs  ;  cioti 
of  tlie  following  joints,  in  tlie  ni.ile,  hIiows  two  consecutive  knots,  or  8welliiii;s, 
everyone  of  wliioli  is  proviiled  with  a  tlistinct  vi^rticil  of  hnirs  ;  in  tlie  feniile, 
tlu'se  joints  arc  slm|)ly  cylindrical,  and  beset  with  hairs  lilte  the  tirst  joint  of  the 
Jliiijelluin.  Winijveins  beset  with  a  loni;  jiubiMcence  ;  Rubrostal  crossvein  only  j4 
short  distance  from  the  tip  of  the  auxiliary  vein;  marifin.il, crossvein  distinrt, 
inserted  on,  or  a  little  beyond  the  niiildle  of  the  very  lonir  subrnari^inal  cell  ;  bas.il 
cells  comparatively  rither  short ;  discal  cell  oiten,  coalesceiit  with  the  third  poste- 
rior cell;  tlve  jiosterior  cells ;  the  second  with  a  iietiolc  of  a  very  u'reat  leiiL'th  ; 
feet  lonR  anil  slender  ;  tlbiiB  with  very  small  but  distinct  spurs  ;  un!,'ues  and  em- 
podia  very  amall. 


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