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IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


tUMM    12.5 

■  50     ■^"        ■■■ 

-     Bi    |2.2 


140 


2.0 


Photographic 

Sciences 
Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSaO 

(716)  872-4503 


^>^ 


'<?.*• 


.^^ 


<if  ^. 


CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  /  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 


T«chnical  and  Biblioflraphic  Notat/Notas  tachniquaa  at  bibliographiquaa 


Tha  Inatituta  hat  attamptad  to  obtain  tha  baat 
original  copy  availabia  for  filming.  Faaturaa  of  thia 
copy  which  may  ba  bibliographically  uniqua. 
which  may  altar  any  of  tha  imagaa  in  tha 
raproduction.  or  which  may  aignificantly  changa 
tha  uaual  mathod  of  filming,  ara  chaclcad  balow. 


D 


D 


D 
D 


D 


D 


Colourad  covara/ 
Couvartura  da  coulaur 


I     I   Covara  damagad/ 


Couvartura  andommagia 

Covara  raatorad  and/or  laminatad/ 
Couvartura  raatauria  at/ou  palliculia 

Covar  titia  miaaing/ 

La  titra  da  couvartura  manqua 


I     I    Colourad  mapa/ 


Carta*  gAographiquaa  an  coulaur 

Colourad  inic  (i.a.  othar  than  blua  or  blacit)/ 
Encra  da  coulaur  (i.a.  autra  qua  blaua  ou  noira) 


I      I   Colourad  plataa  and/or  illuatrationa/ 


Planchaa  at/ou  illuatrationa  an  coulaur 


Bound  with  othar  matarial/ 
RaliA  avac  d'autraa  documanta 


Tight  binding  may  causa  shadows  or  distortion 
along  Intarior  margin/ 

La  raliuro  sarr6a  paut  causar  da  I'ombra  ou  ii9  la 
distortion  la  long  da  la  marga  intAriaura 

Blanit  laavas  addad  during  rastoration  may 
appaar  within  tha  taxt.  Whanavar  possibla.  thaaa 
hava  baan  omittad  from  filming/ 
II  sa  paut  qua  cartainas  pagas  blanchas  ajoutias 
lors  d'una  rastauration  apparaissant  dans  la  taxta, 
mais,  lorsqua  cala  4tait  possibla,  cas  pagaa  n'ont 
pas  At*  fiimtas. 

Additional  commants:/ 
Commantairas  supplAmantaires: 


The 
tot 


L'Inatitut  a  microfilm*  la  maillaur  axamplaira 
c:u'il  lui  a  At*  poaaibia  da  aa  procurar.  Laa  ditaiia 
d«  cat  axamplaira  qui  aont  paut-Atra  uniquaa  du 
point  da  vua  bibliographiqua,  qui  pauvant  modif  iar 
una  imaga  raproduita,  ou  qui  pauvant  axigar  una 
modification  dana  la  mAthoda  normala  da  filmaga 
sont  indiquAa  ci-daaaoua. 


|~~|   Colourad  pagaa/ 


D 


Pagaa  da  coulaur 

Pagaa  damagad/ 
Pagaa  andommagAaa 

Pagaa  rastorcd  an'*/oi 

Pagaa  raataurAas  at/ou  palliculAaa 

Pagas  discolourad,  atainad  or  foxat 
Pagaa  dAcolorAas,  tachatAaa  ou  piquAaa 


I — I   Pagaa  damagad/ 

FT]   Pagaa  rastorcd  an** /or  laminatad/ 

r^   Pagas  discolourad,  atainad  or  foxad/ 


The 
poa 
of 
filni 


Ori] 
beg 
the 
slor 
oth 
first 
sior 
or  il 


□   Pagas  detached/ 
Pagea  dAtachAes 

EShowthrough/ 
Tranaparance 


Tranaparance 

Quality  of  prir 

QualitA  inAgale  de  I'lmpression 

Includes  supplementary  matarii 
Comprend  du  matArial  aupplAmantaire 


I      I   Quality  of  print  variaa/ 

r~n    Includes  supplementary  material/ 


The 
shsl 
TIN 
whi 

IVIai 
diffi 
enti 
begi 
righ 
reqt 
metl 


pn   Only  edition  available/ 


Seule  Adition  diaponible 

Pagea  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
aiipa,  tiasuaa,  etc.,  heve  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  tha  best  possible  image/ 
Lea  pagas  totalament  ou  partiellement 
obacurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  una  pelure. 
etc..  ont  AtA  fiimAea  A  nouvaau  de  fa^on  A 
obtenir  la  mailieure  imaga  poaaibia. 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checlced  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  rAduction  indiquA  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


26X 


30X 


J 


12X 


16X 


20X 


24X 


28X 


32X 


lira 
d«tailt 
UM  du 
[  modifier 
B«r  una 
I  f  ilmage 


«es 


re 


The  copy  filmed  here  has  been  reproduced  thanlcs 
to  the  generosity  of: 

Library  of  the  Pubiic 
Archives  of  Canada 

The  images  appearing  here  are  the  best  quality 
possible  considering  the  condition  and  legibility 
of  the  original  copy  and  in  Iceeping  with  the 
filming  contract  specifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  are  filmed 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  bacic  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  — ^-  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  are  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


L'exemplaire  filmA  fut  reprodult  grAce  k  la 
gAnirositA  da: 

La  bibiiothdque  des  Archives 
publiques  du  Canada 

Las  images  suivantes  ont  4tA  reproduites  avec  le 
plus  grand  soin,  compte  tenu  de  la  condition  et 
de  la  nattet«  de  l'exemplaire  film«,  et  en 
conformity  avec  les  conditions  du  contrat  de 
filmaga. 

Les  exemplaires  originaux  dont  la  couverture  en 
papier  est  imprimie  sont  film6s  en  commen^ant 
par  le  premier  plat  et  en  terminant  soit  par  la 
derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iliustration.  soit  par  le  second 
plat,  salon  le  cas.  Tous  les  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  fiimis  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiire  page  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'iliustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  derniire  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  la 
derniire  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  sefon  le 
cas:  le  symbole  — ►  signifie  "A  SUiVRE  ".  le 
symboie  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Lm  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  pauvent  Atre 
filmte  A  des  taux  d«  r6duction  diffArents. 
Lorsque  le  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atre 
reproduit  en  un  seui  clichA,  il  est  film6  A  partir 
de  I'angle  supArieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite, 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  en  prenant  le  nombre 
d'images  nAcessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mAthode. 


/  errata 
id  to 

It 

le  pelure, 

9on  A 


n 


12  3 


32X 


1 

2 

3 

4 

6 

6 

.«.•' 


.'<- 


SHEA'S   CHARLEVOIX. 


I 


Pa 


T 


I 


4-— 


'r 


A  ('^di^^'/yenoa 


''■Cy       \. 


o^n      I*(  ni'l    St  iM'cl . 


Jo      /■* '<^   yoL    .    -f        Chapjevoix  s    New    f  prance.    S 


^  (      -  > 


:M,\U('.rKUlTK      Bii)r'Hr.  KDYS, 

.I'll'     i!>  .-   ."''1    .;.<   .i<     ill  <"(UlOlTO^.V,lnl,  ,|i   \l||rin,ill< 


A'.AKr.AKK'r   r.i>(i;i'.KuV. 


•"^l.'r;P^:^  M  .,l  .  .;.'f: 


'  •-i)i';''-i;.il;.';i  jI  '.■:::riii,ir.i-    Voni.- 


HISTORY 


AND 


CENEUAL   DESCUlPTlOiN 


OF 


NEW    FRANCE. 


BV 


THE  ]U<]V.  P.  F.  X.  DE  CHAULEVOIX,  S.J 
TRANSLATED,  WITH  NOTES,  BY  JOHN  GILM\RY  SHEA 

IN    SIX    VOLUMES. 
VOL.  V. 


NEW   YORK: 
JOHN    (IILMARY    SHEA. 

1871. 


Bntorod  occordlnff  lo  Act  i.f  OonifroM,  In  lh«  year  1871, 

llv  JOHN  (ilLMAUY  HUEA, 

lu  Ibo  Offlcu  of  tho  Librarian  of  CoimrcuB  at  WiulilUBlon. 


ffiflf 

sSos 


(JON  ri':N  I  s. 


BOOK     XVI, 


VitrioilH  opiiiioiiH  OH  t(>  tUii  cxpi  .litiiiii  uK.uiiHt  thu  Iickiiumh.  Lniivi;;iiy'H  cxprilition 
(.v«r  Iht)  ice.  Tho  IrfviuoiH  npponr  in  tlio  Colniiy.  Di'iitli  of  llic  ('In  vuli.  r  ilo 
('riHuHy,  I'n  piinitii>uu  fur  tlm  ciiiiiiir;  ci\mpai){ii.  Arriiiii^t'itiiiit  of  tUc  iiriiiy.  It 
iii'ivi  s  fmiii  Lii  Chiiio.  Kh  iniirrli.  It  ia  in  Ki^*ut  pvril  iiml  hiivril  \>y  do  Ciillli  ruH' 
nbility.  It  orrivi  8  ut  OiKiiuliigii.  Ouomlii^iut  iicililicil  li>  u  ilisritor.  StiiUuK'"' "'^ 
tho  Cbovniiur  tin  OiilUoreH  nn<l  itM  roHult  Thu  OuoiiilngaH  bum  thuir  great  villu;;('. 
No  ono  All  11(1  tliiTu.  Ni^kI'K'""'"  "f  "'"  «uoiuy.  Tim  Oiiciilm.  ask  priico.  Mr.  ilo 
Viiiulri'iii',  iiiurclieu  to  Oni.iclik.  Fortituilu  of  lui  ultl  niuii  burunl  by  our  Iiitliiuiii. 
Yuiiilrvuil  lit  Uut'iilu.  CouKultutuiii  uh  tu  furtlior  cuiirhe.  Kniiitt'imu,  u^aiiif<l  i;ouiv 
rul  udvicu,  Il'uvih  Liu  uxpuilitiou  iiupeifuct.  HuHpiviouH  iii^aiiiHt  him.  Army  rt'tiiruH 
to  Moutreiil.  Why  our  iillica  iliil  not  join.  Froutcuai!  winhiH  to  force  (ho  limpiois 
to  iwk  poiici'.  I'lcpiiralioiis  to  nttikck  Fort  I'l^mkiiiL  \'i!W  trriiclnry  of  tho  Enj;- 
liuh  towardd  thi'  Ab(-iiu(|uiii.  Iborvilh!  niid  lionikvitiitun^  in  Acitdiii.  They  taiku  iiii 
Kugliuh  ahip.  Attituk  uu  Fun  I'umkuit.  It  oapitiUutiH.  I'art  of  Uio  prit.oiicri) 
hi  lit  to  lioHtou.  Tho  two  I'^rciich  ihips  i^ludr  lui  Kii^'lihli  Kijiiadioii.  'I'hry  arrivu 
itt  PLu^uuiio.  Villuboii  iH  takru  1<y  thu  Ku(;hhli.  They  comiiikI  many  hMHtilitits  in 
Acadia  agaiuHt  tho  law  of  natioUH.  They  btiwirj^o  Fort  Naxoal.  Do  Villi.boli  Jiro- 
parus  for  drfuiicc  Coiirago  of  tho  (^arriBoii.  Athick  on  tho  fort.  Tho  Kiigo  Im 
raised.  I'uHitiou  of  *hu  KugliHh  and  Freuuh  iu  NuwfoiindLiiid.  Cliaractvr  of  tho 
Uovoruor  of  I'lacoiitia.  llu  sotti  out  to  attack  bl.  John,  llu  in  uuablo  to  inter. 
Uu  takoH  Huvcral  [loslri.  llo  ipiainht  with  d'lburvilli'.  Tho  CanndiaiiH  riuu  in  I'avur 
of  dTborvillc.  Thu  two  comiiiandcrH  aru  rLiuuicilcd.  They  But  out  for  St.  John. 
Qiuu-rul  again.  Another  rwomiliation.  Jiad  faith  and' new  claims  of  do  lirouil- 
lan.  They  are  again  mutually  appi-iiHed.  'J'he  army  luaroheH  on  St.  John.  Vigo- 
rous action  of  d'lborville.  Moiitigny'n  uxploitH.  Dofeat  of  u  body  of  tho  eueiny. 
Siego  of  Fort  St  John.  Tho  governor  BockH  to  nuiuao  tho  French  iu  hopeii  of 
speedy  relief.  lie  Burrendors.  Condition  of  tho  placu.  Position  of  St.  John.  It 
is  bnrucd  and  abnndonod.  CompieHts  of  tho  Canadians  iu  Newfotindland.  Faiiltd 
of  tho  Kiiglinh  and  French  iu  their  eolnuiuH.  Why  Iberville  did  not  completu  tho 
couqiUHt  of  Newfoundland.  Several  fniitlesK  proj'iota  against  thu  Iroquoiti.  Tho 
French  receive  Home  checks.  Some  Onoiilas  como  to  settle  iu  tho  colony.  Their 
rocoptiou.  Tho  other  cantons  tako  umbragp.  ^Vhy  Froutenao  refuses  to  permit 
the  Iioipinirt  ClnistiaiiH  to  go  to  war.  luforiiiation  sent  hira  from  the  Court.  Tho 
Iroipiois  renew  hostilities.  The  Eiiglinh  take  Fort  Jiourbon.  They  violat*'  the. 
cai)itMlatioii.  Mr.  d'lberville  sails  to  Iliidson  J>ay.  lie  Joses  a  veiisel  in  the  ico. 
Ilo  is  separated  from  the  rest.  He  eiiga;,'c.4  three  EngUHh  ships.  Success  of  this 
eii^^ageiueiil.  Combat  between  tlireu  EiigliKli  shiii.f  and  a  French  stciivhhip. 
Shipwreck  of  d'lberville.  Ho  is  joined  by  his  tUruo  ships.  1/lbervillc  returns  to 
F:.iiice.     Imi'oit.iiiie  of  Ihi.s  eouiiuebt. 


H  CONrENI-H. 

BOOK     XVII. 

llio  Iroi|iinlH  msjk  t<)  riuiiiui  Fr<int4'niio.  Tlitiy  ninnw  hoHtlllliuii.  TrniibUiH  iuiion)(  niir 
kIHi'm  ciiniu'il  liy  >iiiHliln|M)ni.  FninUitiiMi'H  «nil>nrmiu<ni('iit.  Mow  lin  rttriiuU-H  liliu- 
Hclr.  ( )iir  nlliitH  I'limo  ti)  tho  lutHiHtauru  of  tbo  colniiy.  Kxploit  of  »  Muioii  i-biuf. 
CoinplniiiU  of  tlio  IiiiliimN.  Froutoiuto'N  n>ply.  Tbr  ont«jr|»^>  f"f  whinb  bo  wim 
orileri'il  lu  \to  in  ntiiiliinHH.  HIh  atlvlro  a»  to  tbti  proJiK-t.  I'bui  of  tbo  <mt<'r|)riHu 
aKikiimt  Hiwlon.  Wbnt  iIi-f(>nU<  it.  Dit  NchiiioiuI  rottmiH  t'l  Kmurii.  Prujcct  of 
a  (HMlitiilitry  flHbnry  on  tho  Ht.  Lnwrunno.  UoHcripUoii  of  Mont  LoniH.  ItA  utility. 
Wbat  (li>fi<nt(Ml  Uio  project  UlTuct  of  Froutvuikc'H  ^nwt  pr«)|>ikmti()nH.  Ho  miitoM  » 
form  luiil  iliMlMuuU  It.  Mow  Myid  ordiiuinoo  OKiuiiHt  l)iiHblo|MirH.  Froutonuo  ro* 
uunHlmttiH.  I'ontvhartruin'n  ruply,  HovonU  vlctoriuH  uf  our  iillioH.  Exploit  of 
thirty  younK  AlK'>n<inlnR.  Dvalb  of  Ournoabitr^.  IIIn  oniony.  Firnt  iulclliKouoo 
of  iHjiicn  rociiivoil  in  Oauotla.  I^ottur  of  tho  Uovoruor-Ooucml  of  Now  Fin^lnnd  to 
tho  Count  (to  Frontiinup.  Froutonao'a  reply.  Uondnot  of  tho  MobuwkH  *«war(b 
Kelloniont.  Tlio  ({■'V'-rnor'N  pro|>oHitiou  tu  tliu  IrcMiuoiM.  Tho  Iro<|uoiH  hoou 
inulint'd  to  pence.  Frontenno  unilortukoH  to  ^iiin  them.  lielloniuiit'H  soooml  lot- 
t4>r.  Frontunue'H  rulluetioiM  on  tluH  loltor.  Iliu  n^ply.  Other  EuKllah  pratou- 
HiouH.  Acnilian  itlTikini,  Il4<gulAtiou  of  the  UniitM  for  tho  Houthoni  cooHt  of  Now 
Fnuice.  Deiith  of  tho  Count  do  Fronteuoo.  AtttJiupt  of  tho  Iro<|uoiH  to  ducolvu 
tho  ChoviUior  do  Cidlieres.  Tho  (lovenior'H  counw.  I>i.' CidlieruH  uppoiutwl  Uov- 
crnor-UuuuruL  IIIh  clmnictor.  Mr.  dit  Vuudruuil,  Uuvemor  of  Montreal.  I'rc- 
teiiHioiiH  of  the  Oovirnor  of  Now  Knv;Iiuid  n8  to  tho  CiuiihiM.  Coiu'.itionB  on  which 
the  liidiitUN  ure  wilUiiK  to  treat  with  hiui.  Mr.  de  la  Vnlllere  aii<l  Father  BniyaH  Hent 
to  lloHton.  lt<'llciiiiont  Htill  iiMHUiiieH  to  be  urhilvr  of  |M'aco.  De  ('allieroN*  poUcy  to 
compel  the  IriNpioiH  to  make  (hiwo  without  him.  Tbo  cuntouH  rexolvo  to  ilo  ho. 
They  aro  ileleated  by  tho  OttawaH.  Wliat  pawuMl  between  them  and  do  CaUiormi. 
Ir(H|uoiH  depiiticK  at  Montreal.  Their  pro|M>NilioiM.  The  (Sovernor-GonenirH  reply. 
Uece|ition  of  the  French  andinHHtidorH  at  Onondaga.  Father  Umyiui'  oddreiM. 
ISellomont'H  attempt  to  thwart  thiH  negotiation.  Hovond  French  priHouon  refoso  to 
return  to  tho  colony.  Hpeeeh  of  TeganiHHoreuH  to  tho  French  uuvoya.  Mission  of  ou 
FiigliHli  miuiHter  to  the  Mohawkx.  Tho  ambiuwadora  return  to  Montreal.  livUo 
niont'H  renewed  effort  to  thwart  a  peace.  Koccptlon  of  tho  deputies  at  Montreal. 
Their  HiKieehes  in  council.  Chevalior  do  CalliiTes'  reply.  Provisional  treaty 
Higiied  on  both  HidoH.  Do  Calliercs'  efforts  t?  confirm  peace  Bellomont  wishes  to 
force  tho  IriMpioiH  to  roceivo  winistorH  as  mlHsionarius.  Tbo  08t4kbU8hmont  at  Mont 
Louis  failx  again.  Condition  of  Acadia.  The  establishment  at  Naxoat  trousfened 
to  Port  BoyaL 


no  OK     XVIII. 

New  onlerpvine  to  find  tho  nioutli  of  tho  Micissipi.  Do  Chatcnumomnd  anil  d'lbor- 
\ille  not  received  at  PcnRacolft.  D'lborvillo's  discovciieH.  He  eut4!rH  and  luieeudM 
tho  MiciKKipi.  Temple  c.f  the  lia.viif,'(iulaH.  D'Iborville  llmls  a  letter  fronj  tho 
Chevalier  Toiiti  to  Mr.  de  h\  .Siilc.     Fiiglisb  ou  tlie  Micitiuipi.     ^oHlle8^don  again 


roNTKNTS,  Hi 

fornifklly  tikkrn  nf  the  rivrr.  Wlml  clmw  thn  RriKlUh  in  thitt  country.  Prole  iminna 
of  thn  K.iiKliHh,  tlii'ir  iliwi^'im  ikiiil  ntli'iii|itH.  Fri'iictt  rcriiui'tm  nfTtir  to  Hi'tlln  in  thfl 
eoiiiilry.  Tbiir  otTiT  njirti'd.  ('niiiltii't  of  llii>  H|NiiiiikrilH  In  ri'^iknl  t«i  lioiiyMiiuui. 
Fnuirh  orrora.  Olijt'ct  uf  IjnnyHiunn  tnulo.  'riic  Kiuhh  int4'r«Mt  In  tLu  iniitrii<-lii)n 
nf  thn  LouyHiniiit  IniluiMH,  C'hunu't^ir  iiftlio  IllinniH.  KirHl  Hcltli'tni'iit  iiiiinii^  tlin 
IlKmiiH.  MiHMii>n  iinionK  tlnwo  ImliunH,  FniUlcitH  niixHicin  iiini>n)(  tho  MiMcoiiiinH. 
Do  (/'iklliiiri'H' nK'iutiiri'H  fur  It  ^rncrtkl  iHAiT.  Ni^w  ciilliNinnH  IicIwitii  thn  Ir>H|iii>iii 
ftnd  Ihii  Utlauiw.  Tins  IriM|M<>ii4  <'(>ni|iliiin  t<i  ilii  (litlliiTcN.  N«w  rnniiilnintN  of  thn 
InKiMoitt.  Un  ('uUiiTdM'  ri'ply.  Tliu  KM|{liHh  n^tin  tntvcrNo  thr  imhicc  ritliinr 
IlmyitH'  luliln'M  t<>  Ui«  InHpioiH.  ll«|ily  of  tlumo  Indiitim.  Ht^viriil  lll-iliH|»m<'iL 
Thu  (li'imtii'M  uf  thn  canton*  nl  MontroiU.  FoUowtKl  Ity  thu  (li'piillcH  of  our  iiltioa. 
Thi)  (liHiHwition  of  our  allii'S.  Do  Courtuninnohn'N  ^onnit-y.  "rcliniinary  ronfor- 
unco.  Do  (/iilllori'H  ^ivoH  uudii-uoo  to  nuvurul  dcpiitlca.  Finl  piililii^  cuufi  ri'nc<^. 
Kondiarunk'H  addrcHM.  llix  dnuth  and  ouhixy.  Ilia  (iliiw'(|iiii'H.  Tho  IruiiuoiH 
coinphkin  that  tlicy  nro  dUtriiNtod.  Hicknriiii  nnionx  the  IiidiitnH.  To  what  it  wag 
oscribi'il.  lAutt  h'ciirml  ntuM'nilily.  Du  OullioruH'  nddnmH.  Htrikn^"  iktlirc  of  Hotnu 
of  the  dopntlcii  iind  Uiuir  Hpoochea.  Au<liou(!u  t{ivcn  to  tho  npprr  trihoH  unci  to  tha 
IruquoiH.  Tho  MohuwkH  lu-oi'do  to  thn  truikly.  Death  of  (hkrikkonthiu.  Miiuiiona* 
rii'H  to  tho  InMiuoiii.  EuKliah  hoatilitiuH.  VikriouR  iuuffuctiial  pn)jnota  for  Aradiik 
The  EngliHh  muuaoo  Now  Fnnoe,  Morementa  amonR  tho  ludiann  Bt<ikinHt  oar 
inloroatH.  Death  of  tho  UheTaUer  do  dkllierea  Tho  MnrquiM  dn  Vikudrmijl  niic- 
cooda  him.  Honooa  dolof^tiou.  TeganiaHorona  at  Mnntrcal.  What  bo  cITiM'tx. 
Espedition  into  Now  England.  Exploita  of  a  Frunnli  oiBcnr  In  Nowfonncllitnd. 
Innffuotual  Enxlixb  attempt  nn  Flaconlia.  Our  uUinii  mom  ill  diHp<)Ha<l.  Un){liHb 
intriKUoa  among  tho  Iroquois.  Thu  Dutroit  ludiaiui  ill  diapoaed.  (  duct  of  tho 
IrocpioU  on  that  (M'cikKion.  Now  offorta  of  tho  goronior  of  Albany  to  arikw  tho  Iro- 
quois ChrigtioiiH  to  Now  York.  Sienr  do  Montigny'a  nxpnditiou  a^'iumtt  tlio  Eng- 
liab.  Bovorol  Abuuitquia  aottlo  at  Uukikucourt.  I'ulicy  of  thu  IriHiuuig.  Advioo 
given  by  tho  court  upon  tho  subjooL  Boparstiona  modo  to  thu  coutona  for  an  O^ 
tawa  boatility.  Exploit  of  a  French  partisan.  The  English  attack  Port  lloyoL 
Thoy  rotiro.  Death  of  Mr.  de  BrouUlon.  Mr.  do  Suhnrcaao  Huccoetls.  Tho  kU 
tor's  oxpeditiou  in  Newfoundland.  Captiiro  of  tho  Uiahop  of  Quobuo  and  a  royal 
ship.    Negotiations  for  au  cxclmngo  of  prisonora. 


BOOK     XIX. 

De  Vaudronil  reconciles  tho  Ottawas  and  Iroquois.  Projc'ct  for  trade  and  tho  roliof  of 
tho  jKiople.  Tho  Ottawas  niuko  reparation  to  tho  Iroquois.  IIoHtility  of  tlin  Mia- 
niis  against  tho  Ott4kwiis.  Tho  Ottawas  ttkkc  umbrikgo  at  tho  French.  Indiscretion 
rf  two  offlocrg.  Vengeance  of  tho  Ottuwoa  on  tho  UiouiiH.  A  Uecollect  Father 
killed  by  thu  Ottikwos.  Enibarnuwmeut  of  do  Vuudrcnil.  His  coun<i<.  Ln  Motto 
('ikdillou'H  impnuleuce.  Otlikwik  deputiuH  at  11  /itreid.  Speeeli  of  the  cliief  uf  tho 
delegiklion.  Do  Vaudreuilu  reply.  Do  la  Motte  Oudillac'M  conihvt  diH'q>pruvod. 
New  attempt  of  tho  Englinh  on  Acadia.  Oallant  couiluct  of  do  Suberciuin.  The 
Ennlitih  everywhere  defeated.  They  open  tho  trencheH  before  Port  Itoyal.  They 
rniKe  the  me^^e  nud  retire.  Why  their  expedition  failed.  lieRolntion  of  thi^  Coun- 
cil of  BoHton.    The  Englinh  lloot,  much  reinforced,  return  I*)  I'ml  Itoyal.    The 


Titt 


CONTENTS. 


goremor's  flnnnoss  and  diligence.  Tho  EngliKli  laud.  Vnrions  nnsaooessfol 
nttncks.  Shnrp  actioa  The  siogo  riiinud.  Lohs  of  tho  English  and  French.  Aca- 
dia moro  ncglocti^d  than  over.  Now  tronblcn  nt  Detroit.  Misconduct  of  the 
commandant.  IjHi'ful  Borvicou  of  Jouciiiro  among  tlie  Iroquois.  The  Iroquois 
Christians  arc  seduced  by  tho  Qovonior  of  Albany.  A  great  war-party  projected. 
Tho  Iroqnois  and  Ilurons  abandon  tho  French.  Tho  Abfiuaquis  not  at  tho  rcn- 
dozTous.  Capture  of  an  English  town.  Tho  victors  full  into  an  anibnacadc.  It  is 
forced.  Noble  conduct  of  some  officers.  Bod  fivith  of  the  Christian  Iroquois. 
Thoy  atone  for  their  fault.  Vandrouil  and  the  Qovemor  of  Albany.  The  English 
endeavor  to  debauch  tho  Lonysiana  Indians.  Projected  expedition  in  Newfound- 
land. Attack  and  capture  of  St.  John,  A^'ter  ti\kiug  it,  do  St  Ovido  Bonds  a  cou- 
rier to  riacontia  and  a  ship  to  Franco.  St.  John  is  abaudone(i  Do  Vaudrenil  de- 
ceived by  an  Iroquois.  Tho  Cantons  docloro  against  us.  Do  Vaudroiiil's  exer- 
tions. English  prftparations  to  attack  the  colony.  j)o  Ramozay  niarclios  against 
thorn.  Tho  uxpodition  &ila  Why?  Do  Vauclrouil  encamps  at  Chambly.  Tho 
cnomy  retire.  What  defeated  tho  English  oxpcdition.  Iroqnois  policy.  They 
canao  tho  destruction  of  tho  English  anny.  Why  tho  English  fleet  did  not  reach 
Quebec.  The  Iroqnois  send  deputica  to  do  Vandrenil.  Unsuccessful  expedition 
to  Hudson  Bay.  Now  cxpc  ^dtion  fitted  out  at  Boston.  The  Iroquois  refuse  to 
declare  against  us  and  tho  Abeua(pu3  to  romain  neutral  Do  Subercase's  plan  for 
defending  Acadia.  Th-^  English  rosolvo  to  take  Acadia  at  any  cost.  Strange  con- 
duct of  do  Subcrcase.  Tho  EugUsh  fleet  arrives  at  Port  BoyaL  Condition  of  the 
garrison.  The  enemy  besiege  liim.  Murmurs  and  desertions  among  the  besieged. 
The  governor  surrenders  the  fort.  Some  expeditions  in  Newfoundland.  Nichol- 
son's letter  to  Vandrouil.  Tho  Biirou  do  S!;.  Cnstin  commandant  in  Acadia.  Tho 
Indiana  of  that  part  cooled  towurdt  us.  Tho  Acadiims  visited  by  de  Vaudrouil's 
orders.  Varions  other  procantions  taken  by  him.  Do  Lougueil  and  Joncairo  sent 
to  tho  Iroquois.  Their  success.  Preparations  of  the  English  in  New  York.  Ar- 
rival of  the  Upper  Indians.  Acadia  noarly  recaptured.  An  English  fleet  prepares  to 
bcKiego  Quebec.  Do  Vaudniiirs  address  to  tho  Iro<ini>i8  deputies.  Our  Indian 
allies  chant  tho  war-son^;.    Zeal  of  tho  domiciliated  Indians. 


BOOK     XX. 

What  beoanie  of  tho  English  fleet.  Retrc^at  of  tho  land  army.  Wreck  of  tho  English 
fleet.  Manifesto  of  the  Englisli  adminil.  What  caused  tho  Ions  of  tlin  fleet. 
God's  providence  over  Canada.  Fruitless  efforts  to  recover  Acadia.  Exjiloit  of  aa 
Indian  party.  Port  Uoyal  again  missed.  Generosity  of  tho  people  of  Qui^bec.  De 
Vaudrenil  treats  with  tho  Iroquois.  Character  of  tho  Poxes.  Thi  v  undertake  to 
bum  Detroit.  Dn  Buissou'a  preparations.  Seasonably  reinforced  by  our  allies.. 
Their  address  to  ilu  Buisson.  Tho  Foxes  besieged  '  l  their  fort.  Their  vigorous  de- 
fence. They  >\nk  peace.  Speech  of  an  Illinois  chief  to  tho  deputies.  Tho  siege 
continues.  The  besiogors  diseouraged.  Tho  commandant  niUii-s  them.  Another 
deputation  of  the  bosioged.  The  commandant  prevents  them  from  niiVHsaering  tlio 
deputies.  The  besie^^ed  escape  iniil  are  pursued.  Thoy  are  nlninst  all  nmsMaeied. 
Fruit  of  this  victory.     Boasdii  of  the  decline  of  trade  in  Canada.     TeiTifory  coded 


CONTENTS.  fx 

to  the  Englisb  by  the  tronty  of  Utrecht.  The  Iroquois  mnintjiin  tlnir  mdcpond- 
enco.  Etiglish  claimH  ngninHt  the  Aliuunquu.  Au  Euglish  miniHtor  ntulerlakt'H  to 
sednce  these  tribes.  What  occurred  between  tliis  miniHter  nnii  Fiither  Itiislc.  Tho 
former  loaves  the  field.  ALiuy  English  settle  on  tho  biuiks  of  tho  Kcumbcc.  Tho 
Ab<?naquiB  protest  that  they  are  independent.  They  are  betrayed  by  tho  EngliKli. 
Letter  of  these  Indians  to  tho  Govemor-Gentral  of  New  Engliuid.  Tho  EugUKh 
carry  off  the  Baron  de  St.  Castin.  He  is  released.  The  English  fail  in  an 
attempt  to  carry  off  Father  Raslo.  The  Abenaquis  declare  wnr.  Cou<liict  it  suc- 
ceasfuUy.  Father  Kaslo  refuses  to  retire  to  Quebec,  He  is  killed  by  tho  EugUsh. 
His  eulogy.  Tho  English  forced  to  leave  the  Indians  at  rest.  Description  of  the 
Island  of  Cape  Breton.  Climato  and  oharooter  of  tho  island.  Its  riches.  Project 
of  the  Messrs.  Eaadot  for  a  settlement  in  this  island.  Moans  of  establishing  this 
colony.  Objections  answered.  Why  tho  project  was  not  then  carriod  out.  Vo- 
Bcription  of  Havre  a  I'Anglois,  afterwards  called  Louysbourg.  Description  of 
Port  St.  Anno,  othen*ise  Port  Dauphin.  The  former  decided  upon.  AcuUan 
French  refuse  to  remove  to  Isle  Royale  .  Harassed  by  English.  Stand  firm  and 
are  left  at  peace.  Settlement  in  Isle  St  Jean.  Why  it  failed.  Tho  Inxinois 
renew  their  alliance  with  us.  Condition  of  New  France.  Gov  jruor's  project  to 
settle  it.  English  in  vain  endeavor  to  win  tho  Ab^naquis .  Conihtiou  of  Hud- 
son Bay  at  the  peaie.  Several  French  massacred  there  by  Indians.  lueffuctual 
expedition  against  the  FoxeH.  Wreck  of  the  Chameao.  Death  of  Mr.  de  Van- 
dnnil 


LI 


:^ 


DIRECTIONS    TO    THE    BINDER. 

FAoa 

PoRTiLMT  OF  Marguerite  Bourgeoys,  (to  face  title) 

Fac-similes  of  the  Governors-General  of  New   Kranck 9 

Plan  ok  Port  Royal,  now  Annapolis 1 70 

Port  la  Haive 225 

Chedabouctou  Bay,  or  Milford  Haven  , 237 

Isle  Royale,  or  Cape  Breton 282 

Port  and  City  of  Louisbourg , 284 

Port  Dauphin  and  its  Harbor 296 

View  of  Quebec  about  1700,  from  De  la  Potherie 300 


i 


^. 


■■I 


1 


* 


f 


■4 


COVCRNORS  or    NEW     FRANCE 


v^    c  lu/y.'*''*^  **»'*' 


,/u^umpti^ 


^yZ-^J'-^^^h/^-r^  O^^^ 


-^'^^s?^ 


-aUU/i^lMtn^ 


i 


I'.ooK  xvr. 


VitrliMW 
opliiiurin 

IIM    t'l    thc! 


TiiK  CoiiiiL  tlo  Frotit(iiia(!  hiiviiig  cxpnwHoJ  IiIh  dutorini-  ''''A 
nation  to  poiiolrato  willi  all  iii.s  forooH  into  the  vory  lioarlof  '  ~^  * 
Iro(|iioiH  (!oniiti'y,  tlmro  wc^ro  Bovoral  oj)iiiioiis  as  to  ilio 
(ionrso  to  bo  ailoptod  to  (iiiHuro  tlio  hikscohh  of  so  tlosirtMl 
an  ()X]Hiilition,  and  from  wliicli  notliing  Iohs  waw  oxpoctod 
tlian  diG  ond  of  a  war  which  had  Hovoral  tiincH  l)roii<^lit 
tlio  colony  to  Iho  vorp;()  of  ruin,  which  provoutod  its  pio- 
f^roHR,  and  by  favor  of  wliicli  tho  Ei)gh,:li  conHidorahly  in- 
crtiaHod  lluiir  coinniorco  and  0HtHl)li8lic  1  thomsolvoH  [)ow- 
orfuUy  on  tho  continent  of  North  Amorica. 

Thoy  did  not  agree  cvou  08  to  tho  timo  to  bo  Rcloctod 
for  undertaking  it.     Many  wished  to  swoop  down  on  tho  j.;;  „:,j|tiV; 
canton  of  Onondiga  witij  all  tho  forces  of  the  colony  dur-  "K"i"'t  ti/'! 

_  '  -'  lr("(ii<4n, 

ing  tho  winter,  iu  order  to  have  all  leisure  coiriphstely 
to  destroy  iu  a  single  campaign  all  tho  other  cantons  ; 
but  the  Chevalier  do  Callioros  was  not  of  this  opinion.  Ho 
declared  to  tho  General  that  ho  could  not  lind  men 
o'lough  to  march  in  snow-shoes,  carry  and  dr:iw  ammu- 
nition and  stores  so  far,  and  storm  a  town  in  tho  very  heart 
of  tho  enemy's  country,  whore  tho  Iroquois  couM  easily 
rally  in  a  short  timo  all  their  warriors,  and  so  intrench 
tlieiusclvos  as  to  keep  tho  French  army  at  bay  for  a  long 
time. 

He    added  that  oven    should  their    introuchments  be 
stormed,  IIk^  could    easily    lay  ambuscades   cverywhero 


10 


III8T(tUY  OK  NKW  FKANCB. 


1696. 


I,mivii;ny 
-xpi  (lUlon 
over  Uic  itn 


agaiuHt  troop-.  oncuiiiborcHl  with  biiggago,  and  harass  them 
to  th(!  very  •j;ate8  of  Moutroul  ;  that  it  was  moru  lulvisahlo 
to  await  a  pluasaut  soasoii,  and  thot  thua  thoro  would  bo 
nothinj^  to  proviut  his  marching  all  tlio  rof^ulars,  militia 
and  domiciliatod  Indians ;  that  of  these  a  corps  could  bo 
made  oapablu  of  facinj^  on  isvery  side  and  carryiuy;  on  any 
proj(!u'l;  that  it  would  nnvertlioloss  bo  advisaljloto  go  in  ud- 
vaufo  ovor  the  ico  to  attack  tlio  Mohawks,  who  wore  nearer 
and  wii  ),  expecting  nothing  of  the  kind,  would  bo  oasily 
surjirisi'd. 

Th<;  General  ri'lishod  this  advico  all  the  more  from  his 
having  had  tlio  same  idea,  and  moreover  the  season  was 
so  bad  till  the  month  of  January,  that  around  Quebec 
there  was  no  travel  on  t!io  Saint  Lawrouco,  either  on  foot 
or  in  veliiole,  or  canoes.  He  accordingly  ordorod  the  Gov 
ernor  of  Montreal  to  send  five  or  six  hundred  men  from 
his  district,  and  that  of  Three  Rivers,  against  the  Mohawk 
canton.  This  party  was  soon  readj',  and  was  on  the  point 
of  marching,  when  certain  intelligence  was  received,  that 
the  scheme  had  become  known  and  that  the  Mohawks 
wrro  taking  measures  to  be  reinforced  not  only  by  the 
other  cantons  but  also  by  the  English  of  New  York.' 

Mr.  do  Callieres  informed  the  Count  do  Frontenac,  who 
directed  him  to  send  out  only  three  hundred  picked  men 
to  fall  on  the  Iroquois  hunters,  who  must  be  in  consider- 
able numb.ers  and  totally  unsuspecting  between  the  Saint 
Lawrence  and  the  great  river  (of  the  Ottawas,)  their  usiial 
winter  hunting-ground.  This  detachment  actually  started 
toward  the  end  of  January  under  the  command  of  Mr. 
Louviguy;  but  was  detained  thirteen  days  quite  near 
Montreal  by  the  snow,  which  fell  this  year  in  much  great- 
er abundance  than  usual.  He  then  with  incredible  hard- 
ship continued  his  march  within  five  leagues  from  Cata- 
rocony,  everywhere  meeting  soft  snow  seven  or  eight  feet 


'  In  Janunry,  (Jov.  Flctchof,  of  N. 
Y.,  aascmblri!  troops  at  Sclicni'Otnily. 
N  Y.Col.  IXx-.,  iv.  p.  101.  A  re- 
ward of  £l!  wns  offfred  for  eviry 
Frcnc'inmn  1  r  Iiidiiin  killetl  williin 


three  miles  of  Albany.  N.  Y.  Coun- 
cil Min.  vii.  p.  189.  See  Proclama- 
tion, May  1 1,  lOOG.  N.  Y.  Col.  MHS. 
si.  p.  lliO,  Proclam.  Aug.  'i,  on 
Frenili  preparations,  xl.,  p.  185. 


IllHTOHY  OK  NrAV  FHANrK. 


11 


deep.  From  that  point  Lo  sent  out  Indian  scouts,  who  i '>'/). 
miiiflieil  seven  or  oif^ht  duys,  lunl  at  lust  f»dl  in  with  ohncn  ^-"V"*-' 
IriKiuoiB,  inehiilin><  ono  woiuiin.  They  killed  throis  and 
took  tho  rist.'  These  prisoncrH  wore  l)n)uj,'ht  to  Mon- 
treal, whoro  they  burned  ono  or  two,  and  8})arod  tho 
others,  heeauHO  the  French,  who  had  liocn  slaves  in  their 
country,  recognized  them  and  attested  that  lliey  (iweil 
their  lives  to  th(un  ;  tiiey  wore  howo'cr  dintributud  ainon}^ 
tho  vllluRos  of  Sault  St.  Louis,  tho  Mountain  and  Loretto. 

Sonio  other  priHouors  capturiul  .-.i  tho  sprinj,'  declared,   ,|,|^^,  ^^^_ 
ih-.d  tins  Iroquois  had  kept  shut  up  in  their  forts  all  win-  ;i|J;.''j|,"['i;p 
ter,  and  were  soon  to  come  in  largo  bands  to  prevent  tlio    Col  ny. 
French  from  putting  in  their  crops.     lu  fact  several  par- 
ties of  those  Indians  prowled  among  our  sottloments,  but 
by  the  wise  foresight  of  tho  Qovenior  of  Montreal   tho 
labors  of  the  farmers  wore  not  interrupted.     None   were 
Burpri.-ied  except  a  few  settlers,  who  neglected  to  observe 
the  orders  giveu  them. 

On  the  20th  of  March,*  do  Louvigny  halted  for  lack  of    p^..^^^  ,^, 
provisions,  and   a   few  days   after   tho   colony   sustained  ""iiJ,!','i^'^ 
a  loss  which  very  sensibly  affected  all.     Tho  Chovalior  de    Ci  siisy. 
Crisasy  had  llattered  himself  that  after  the  recent  proofs 
given  of  his  zeal  and  ability,  tho  court  would  do  something 
in  his  favor,  tho  more  especially  as  tho  Governor  General 
and  Intendaut  had  neglected  no  means  to  secure  to  him 
the  reward  to  which  his  services  seemed  entitled.     Their 
recommendations  however  met  with  no  response,  and  tho 
chevalier  sank  under  tho  vexation  which  he  experienced. 
He  had  at  least  the  consolation  on  ais  deathbed  of  seeing 
groat  and  little  alike  sympatliizo  in  his  gi'ief,  and  regret 
tliat  merit  such  as  his  had  been  left  in  tho  shade.' 

In  tho  mouth  of  May  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  went  down 
to  Quebec  to  arrange  with  tho  Count  do  Fronteuac  the  op- 


'  Hohuion,    1(;05-0.     N.   Y.    Col.        '  This  is  renily  the  dateof  his  ro- 

Doc.    ix,    1).   Ml-i.     Among  tliijee  )urn  to  Moutrcul.     N.   Y.  Col.  l>oc, 

tnki'u  wiis  a  lM)y.  tin;  gramlson  of  the  ix,  p.  041. 

iri-i'ut   l)i\iiic'l   (Jnriikoiilhii'.     Do   la         '  March,  liiiK!.     Sio  an'.is  vol.  iv. 

l'(itliorir,  iii.,  p.  Oo).  p  I'JO. 


12 


lIlhl'OUY  OF  NEW  KUANl  ii. 


ArMiiift  - 

nuMit  111  lilt; 

Army. 


i6')6.      ()ra*'r>n8.o^  t|l"llllii|i"i>;'  .  f  ^  f"  |iiii iiliini    for  wliioli  worn 

'    '   V  —    iilrciuly  fur  ailMr,.iii ;  iiiitl  wliou  nil  liiul  hwrn  coiioorttHl,  lu^ 

Trcpnra-    •wtHriiocl  to  Moiitroftl  to  carry  out  wbiit  hud  boon  dociilod. 

ihe",'mninu'  f^"  *''«  22d  of  .Tuno  tlio  GovoiTior  (Kiucral  joIikhI   liin> 

luinraiKii.  thoro,  iittoiiilod  l>y  Mr.  do  Clmiupigny,  tlio  (Jlioviilior  d.i 

Viiudrouil,  Mr.  do  lliimomiy,  (lovoraor  of  Tliroo  llivcrs,  and 

tho   rogul;ir.4   aud  luilitia  of  tlio   districts  of  Qiioboc  and 

Tliroo  Ilivurs.     Those  of  the  diatriot  of  Montroal  were  al- 

roady  asHouiblcd,  and  nauf^Ut  rcmaiuod  but  to  bugin  tlio 

miirch.' 

On  tlio  4th  of  July*  ton  Ottawas  arrivod  at  Montroal  from 
the  noighborhood  of  Onondaga,  whoro  tlioy  had  long  jnowl- 
od  without  succoodiiig  iu  takiug  a  prisoner.  At  last,  loarn- 
iug  that  a  largo  party  was  forming  to  attack  them,  thoy  re- 
tired to  Catarocouy. 

On  learning  there  from  tho  Siour  des  Jordis,  the  Com- 
inaudant,  that  all  tho  French  were   on  the  ]ioiut  of  ta- 
king tho  tiold,  with  tho  Count  do  Frontonac  at  their  hoiid, 
they  doolarod    that    they   would   bo  enraptured  to  fol- 
low   him.      They   accordingly    caiuo  to  otFor  him  tli(!ir 
seiTiccs,  and  wore  the  more  I'oadily  accepted,  as  it  wa^s 
hoped  that  they  would  attract  many  of  their  countrynion.' 
They  had  met  tho  Gcueral  at  la  Chino,  to  which  the  -irmy 
moved  the  samo  day.    There,  five  hundred  Indians  also 
came  in.     These  were  divided  into  two  detachments,  ouo 
under  Captain  do  Maricourt,  composed  of  Hault  St.  Louis 
L'oquois  and  domiciliated  Abenaquis  :  the  other,  which  in- 
cluded Uie  Hurons  of  Loretto,  and  the  Iroquois  of  tho  Moun- 
tain, was  commanded  by  two  brothers.  Lieutenant  do  Beau- 
vais  and  Lieutenant  le  Gardours.* 


'  Relation.  Ac.,  1695-0,  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.  ix.,  p.  042—1,  De  la  Poilieru-, 
Ilisioire  (lu  rAmfriquB  Sept.,  iii.  p. 
250,  200. 

'^  Do  la  Pothcrie,  iii.,  p.  272,  gives 
the  14th,  liut  is  olcarly  wrong.  Soo 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix„  p.  C4il. 

•  Relation,  &c.,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix., 
p.  459.  Do  la  Potheric,  Hint.  &..• , 
iii..  p.  'JTJ. 


*  In  the  Index  they  are  given  as  do 
Tilly  do  Benuvai«,  an<l  do  Tilly  le 
tiardeur.  Do  la  I'otlicrie,  Hinloire  de 
rAinriiquo  Sept.,  iii.,  p.  272,  corro 
sixinds  witli  tho  text,  hut  the  UiOa- 
tion  1095-0,  in  N.  Y.  Col  Doc,  ix  , 
p.  050,  mentions  only  one,  (Jardcur 
de  Uoauvnire.  According  to  Daniel, 
Nob  (Hoirert  i.,  p.  l.'i.'^,  ii.,  p.  81, 
Kent'   le   Uardeiir  de   Benuvuie,  sou 


UISroltY  uV  Ni:\V   hltANCK 


l:i 


TIjo  ton  Ottiiwiifl,  who  wm-o  joIikmI  by  houio  Al^oiiqnins,  So- 
kokis,  iiuil  NipisHiii^H,  foniK^d  II  HoiKii'iitd  piiity,  wliom  tlio 
IJ.uou  lit!  IJokaucouit  iiiulcrlook  tu  IiukI. ' 

Tlio  troopH  wcro  divided  into  four  battulions,  of  two  Imn- 
dred  mou  oacli,undi)r  tlio  ordorn  of  four  votonxiH,  ciiptiuus 
do  111  l)urfintiiy(<,  do  Muyn,  du  Mosnil  and  tlio  Clioviilii  r 
do  (Iniis.  Tlio  Canadian  militia  woro  also  foriiiod  into  four 
hattalionH.  Tiiat  from  t^uoboo  waHconiniandod  by  Mr.  do 
St.  Martin,  second  captain  ;  that  from  Uoaupro  by  Liou- 
tonant  do  Orandvillo ;  that  from  Tliroo  lUvors  by  Mr.  do 
(bandpr'',  Major  of  that  i)laco,  and  that  from  Montreal 
by  Mr.  do  Chanibai.l  ,  Attorney  Geuoral  in  that  city. 
Captain  do  Hubercase  discharj^od  tho  duties  of  Major 
General,  and  each  battalion  of  regulars  and  of  militia  had 
its  Adjutant. 

On  the  Gth  the  army  proceeded  to  encamp  on  IkIo  Porrot, 
and  tho  next  day,  it  moved  forward  in  tliia  order.  Mr.  do 
Calliores  Ictl  the  van,  composed  of  tho  first  party  of  Indians, 
and  two  battalions  of  regulars ;  it  was  preceded  by  two 
largo  battoaux  canyiug  tho  Commissary  of  tho  Artillery 
with  two  Held  pieces,  mortars  for  throwing  grenades,  fire- 
works, and  other  similar  munitions.  Some  canoes  managed 
by  Canadians  kept  them  company,  with  all  kinds  of 
I)rovi8iohs. 

Count  do  Froutouac  followed,  surrounded  by  canoes, 
carrying  his  household  and  baggage,  and  a  considerable 
number  of  voluuteors,  having  with  hiui  lo  Vasseur,  chief 
engineer.  The  four  battalions  of  militia,  more  numerous 
than  tho  regulars,  formed  tho  nniiu  body,  commanded 
under  tho  General  by  Mr.  de  Kamezai ;  while  tho  two 
other  battalions  of  regulars  with  the  second  party  of  In- 


161/1. 


fr 'in  la 
Cliiiic. 


of  CliarlfB  Ic  Gardeur,  Sieur  de  Tilly,  IC'Ji,  oiirtain  1714,  clicvalior  of  St. 

lieutenant  in  1688,  married  in  1694,  Louis  1724,  died  17;i:!. 

\'ury  Barbara  do  St.  OurK,  sister  of  '  De  la  Fotlierit!,  iii.,  p.  279,  mis- 

tlic  luToine,  Mary  Anno  do  b't.  Ours  printM     lii'raurour.     The    Kelution 

(Pc-laPiitherie,  Hist,  de  lAniiTiqiio  l«'J5-(i.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  G50, 

Brpt.,  ill.,   p.  i)l):  {^rde  marine  in  says  Sr.  do  Ue.autoiir. 


14 


Ute^'t'xiif  ^n 


l'ltn.T>Tf 


lfi</). 


lU    IIIIUTll, 


lUatiK  forinod  tlio  roiir,  iiuilor  tho  coiiim;i':.l  of  tho  ChoY- 
riliov  (In  Viindrouil.' 

Tlu)  iinuy  lulvanoecl  iu  UiIh  onlor,  whi  -li  wuh  iniiinttunod 
(Uuiiif;  tho  nmrcli,  I'xcopt  that  tho  coijih  rliii-h  fnn.nil  ♦he 
vau  tmo  ihiy,  bouamo  roar  guard  the  u.-xt.  On  tliH  lUth 
thoy  reached  Catarocou.v,  whoro  thoj'  haltod  till  tlic  '2()th, 
waiting  lor  'lOO  Otlawiis  proniised  \>y  Mr.  do 'hi  Motto 
Cadiihic,  but  who  did  uot  iiiaku  thoir  appoaramto.  Homo 
Frouch  voyagoiuH  woro  to  accompany  tiioui,  who  likt-wiHo 
failt'd  to  coiuo,  uot  daring  apj)art'ntly  to  risk  thcmHclvos 
uloiio  on  routcH  wiiicli  thoy  boHovod  to  l)o  besot  by  tiio  on- 
euiy's  war  i)artie8.  Tlioy  woro  inoroovcr  obliged  to  leavo 
ot  Catarocouy  twonty-nix  sick,  mo8t  of  thorn  iujarod  whilo 
ascoudiiig  the  rapids.' 

Ou  tho  28th  tho  army  reached  tho  mouth  of  tho  rivor 
Chouguou.*  Aa  thi.s  rivor  is  narrow  and  rapid,  tho  (lou- 
oral,  before  entering,  sent  fifty  Bcouts  ashoro  ou  oaoh  side. 
That  day  ho  could  not  make  more  than  a  leaguo  and  a 
half.  The  uuxt  day  tho  army  was  divided  into  two  corps, 
to  push  ou  more  rapidly  and  occupy  both  banks  of  tho 
rivor  by  laud  ai..i  water.  Mr.  do  Froutenac  took  tho  left, 
with  Mr.  do  Vaudreuil,  tho  four  battalions  of  regulars  and 
one  of  militia.  Messrs  do  Calliores  and  do  llamozai,  with 
all  tho  rest,  hold  tho  rigid.  In  tho  evening  they  united 
after  a  inarch  of  throe  leagues,  and  halted  at  tlu)  foot  of  a 
fall,  ton  or  twelve  feet  high,  and  extending  across  tiiu 
river.' 
Tho  greater  part  of  tho  army  had  unfortunately  got  cuuglit 
rUk,  iTiui    JQ  tiie current  of  this  fall,  and  a  backward  movement  \.ouId 

Eiivi'd  hy  de 

CniiiiR's'   have  been  dangerous.     Tho  Governor  of  Montreal  under- 
took to  remedy  this  disorder.     He  made  all  his  men  juujp 


It  is  In  Rrcnt 


'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  Is.,  p.  049,  C50, 
Do  la  Potherio,  Hi«t.  du  I'Am.  Sept., 
p.  irM,  271-3.  Tho  Hflation  dus 
AffairusdiU'auadii.lUOO,  p.  7,  iiiakt'8 
tlii^  wliolo  Ibrrc  alxiiil  2','(10  iiicn. 
Joseph  Diiboau,  N.  V.  Col.  Doc.  iv, 
!>.  'Jll,  KJOO  Frouch,  ICO  IiidiauH, 

'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  is.,  p.  050. 


3  Tho  Hclatioii  and  de  la  Potherie 
call  it  the  Uiver  of  tho  Onondugas. 
Tim  Oswego  Uiver  is  a  iar;;o  ami 
rapid  Btrenin,  carrying  to  Lake  On- 
tario, till'  wtitcrH  of  oiglit  lakes,  and 
druiniiiM:  t.^iK)  s>|Uaro  milts. 

«  OHWego  I'lills,  at  I'ulton,  are 
about  Iwfulj  hut  high. 


IllSldllV  <•(■•  NKV.    KIIANt'K. 


IS 


Into  t'io  T,rtiur,  tiiko  tlio  caimon  aslioni  mid  druR  all  tho  '°9'' 
Imtfiiiiu  1)11  rnlliTs  iilii)v<*  tiin  full,  iiiul  tliin  <)|tciiitioii, 
whicli  liisttil  till  ten  o'chn-k  at  iiij,'lit,  \vuh  .IIVist.Ml  witii 
woiultifnl  onliT  hy  t\w  light  of  hiirk  torcliuH.  Tlii«  mpiil 
piissud,  tlioy  bugnu  to  ivdvuuco  with  groiitcr  priiuuution,  uot 
only  bccnuHo  tlicy  wcro  iiiiproiicliiiig  llio  oucmy,  hut 
l)t'i'uu:<t'  tho  roiiil  for  lliost)  who  hud  hiudi-il  was  wintchfd  ; 
thn  Chovalit  r  dc  Vaiidnuil  having  niaichod  with  all  hin 
men  for  livo  luugiuH  kiuio  diu!!)  iu  walvr.' 

At  last  lln'  aiiuy  L'ntcrtil  I^iko  CJaniiciitaha*  by  u  phu-o  It  unlvnnat 

•'        .  .  '  '  Oil liiKH. 

full '  1  it"  Jiigolnt,  which  it  woulil  not  huvo  bnon  cnxy  to 
forco  hud  tho  eiu'iny  tukcn  tho  pri'ouutioii  to  occupy  it. 
Two  buudloH  of  niHhoB  woro  found  hungiug  to  a  troo,  which 
according  to  Indian  custom  siiowcdthat  fourtcon  hundred 
and  tliirty-four  warriors,  for  thoro  wcro  tiiat  many  rushes 
in  tho  two  bundles,  wcro  waiting  to  rccoivo  tho  Fronch, 
and  thus  dctiud  tlicui.  Tho  aruiy  then  crosHod  tho  Lake 
in  battlo  array,  Mr.  do  Cullioros,  who  comiuandod  on  tho 
li'ft,  nnido  a  demonstration  of  landing  on  that  side  whoro 
till!  enemy  were,  and  at  tiie  sanio  time  tho  Chevalier  do 
Vaudreuil  made  a  descent  on  tho  right  with  sgvou  or  eight 
hundred  men  ;  then,  turning  around  tho  lake,  procooded  to 
join  Mr.  do  Callioros,  after  which  all  the  rout  of  tho  army 
debarked. 

Mr.  le  Vasseur  at  onco  traced  a  fort,  which  was  com])leted  T'"'  '-'"""■ 
tho  next  day.  In  tliis  wero  enclosed  tho  store  of  provis-  •';''  '•>  " 
ions,  tiio  canoos,  battoanx,  and  its  guard  was  confided  to  the 
Marquis  do  Crisasy  and  Mr.  dos  Borgeros,  both  captains, 
to  whom  wore  assigned  one  hundred  and  fifty  picked  mon. 
A.8  the  preparations  for  this  expedition  were  not  cloaked 
by  any  pretext,  I  do  uot  see  how  thoy  could  havo  ex- 
pected to  surprise  tho  Iroquois.  It  is  true,  indeed,  that 
tho  public  uni'ortainty  as  to  tho  spot  \vhore  the  storm 
wcmld  break,  long  kept  tho  cantons  in  suspense  ;  but  a 
miserable  di'Serter  from  tho  village  at  tho  Mountain,  who 

'  Ucyoml  till!  I  ncida  rlvor :  N.  Y.  '  Oiunidatru  Inkf  ;  tlii-  Higolut  la 
Cdl.  DiK'.  ix.  p.  li.")7,  Do  la  I'otliorii',  tlif  outlet.  See  ante,  vol.  11.,  p. !««, 
iii.,  |>.  27,').  257. 


16  IITSTUHY  OF  NEW  KUANCIO. 

1 696.      had  becu  dctaclicd  with  several  others  of  the  same  village 
""■'■"'      '  to  capture  prisonora,  informed  thorn  of  tho  loal  dcsi;,'u  of 

the  French. 
strutaKCMu      A  report  which  this  traitor  then  proceeded  to  bear  to 
aiiiiiioC'iii-  hia  own  canton,  the  heuccas,  produced  a  contrary  effect  to 
lis  n  siiit.  what  ho  intended ;  the  Chevalier  do  Calliores,  who  knew 
the  Indians  well  enough  to  expect  that  some  would  desert, 
liad  taken  the  precaution,  on  starting  from   Catarocouy, 
to  say  quite  loud,  that  it  was  no  wonder  tho  Ottawas  did 
not  arrive,  as  the  Count  de  Frontcnac  had  requested  them 
to    attack    the    Seneca    canton,   while    he    marched    on 
Onondaga  :  nor  did  tlie  deserter  fail  to  carry  this  news  to 
his  countrymon,  and  it  induced  all  tho  warricu's  of  that  can- 
ton to  remain  and  defend  it.' 
The  Oiioii-      That  same  evening  a  bright  light  was  seen  in  tho  di- 
tS^srcu"  I'cction  of  the  great  Onondaga  village,  and  it  was  inferred 
viiiMge.    ^.jjj^j,  j^jjg  Im]i;vu3  had  sot  it  on  firo,  as  they  had  in  reality. 
Tho  next  night  another  Soucca  deserted.     These  two  men 
had  been  taken  in  war  the  preceding  year.     As  their  lives 
were  spared,  they  displayed  great  aifectiou  for  the  French, 
but  prudence  dictated  that  too  mucli  reliance  must  not  bo 
placed  on  their  fidelity.     Many  trails  had  already  been 
discovered,   of  men   going  to   Cayuga   and   Oneida,  and 
coming  fi'oin  those  cantons.     There  was  no  doubt  but  that 
tho  Onondagas  had  sent  thither  all  the  useless  mouths  in 
their  canton,  and  obtained  thence  iji  their  stead  all  able  to 
bear  arms.' 

On  the  3rd  the  army  proceeded  to  encamp  half  a  league 
from  the  landing,  near  the  Salt  Springs  elsewhere  sj)okeu 
of.'  Tho  next  day,  Mr.  de  Subercase  drew  them  up  in 
two  lines,  and  made  tho  necessary  details  to  carry  tlio  ar- 
tillery.    Mr.  do  Callieres  commanded  tho  loft  of  the  Hue  ; 

'  ItoliitiDii  etc.,  l(;i)5-(i,  !>.  052.   Do  Imnn;,  niul  tho  Onoiulngas,  nl'tcr  do- 

lu  PothiTie,  iii.,  p.  27.')-7.      'ili(>  ISc-  stniying  the  tort,  n'tireii  to  a  town 

lation  (U's  Affiiiii's  <iu  I  u!>!\da,  KilMi,  25  leagues  amthwanl. 

p  8,  says  tho  deserter  reix  -ted  tho  '  N.  V.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  fi5'2.     See 

iirniy  a?  0000,  who  wore  to  attack  Fletcher  to  Lords  of   Trade,  Aug. 

Onondaga.  Cayuga,  an('  .-.oneca,  ^im-  23,  KiOC     lb.,  iv.,  p.  172 

iilt.inennsly,  and  tliat  on  this,  the  ^  Ante,  vol.  ii.,  p|i.  ISO, '257. 
(';\viurnM      and     iSciiecas     returned 


IIISTOKY  OF  NEW  FUAN'CE. 


17 


of  tlic 
enemy. 


aucl  being  troubloil  witli  lanioucss,  ho  hail  taken  tho  pro-  1696. 
caution  to  bring  a  horse,  which  he  monntetl.  Tlie  Cheva- 
lier do  Vaudreuil  led  the  right,  which  was  less  exposed. 
The  General  was  between  the  two,  borne  in  an  armchair, 
surrounded  by  his  household  and  volunteers,  with  the 
artillery  before  him.  The  road  was  very  dilBeult,  and 
they  did  not  reach  the  village  tiU  late  in  the  evening,  wlien 
it  was  found  almost  all  in  ashes,  and  two  Frenchmen,  who 
had  long  been  prisoners,  recently  butchered.' 

It  occasioned  great  surprise  that  tlie  enemy  had  ruined  NegUtccneo 
their  fort,  where  they  might  have  made  a  long  defence,  as 
was  evident  from  the  vestiges  that  remained.  Nor  could 
men  conceive  how  the  English,  who  had  buili  it,  could 
have  abandoned  it  so,  without  making  any  effort  to  assist 
their  allies.  This  fort  was  a  rectangle  with  four  bastions, 
.surrounded  by  a  double  palisade  flanked  by  redoubts 
with  a  fence  formed  of  poles  forty  or  fifty  feet  high. 
Fifteen  hundred  Iroquois,  as  many  English,  some  pieces 
of  artillery,  which  could  easily  be  brought  from  New  York, 
the  vicinity  of  the  woods  so  well  adapted  for  ambuscades, 
and  the  facility  of  the  Rigolet  for  defence,  were  enough  to 
put  the  Count  de  Frontenac  in  danger  of  receiving  a  ro- 
l)ulse,  or  compel  him  to  return  without  effecting  any- 
thing.' 

On  tho  morning  of  the  5th,  two  women  and  a  child  from 
the  Village  on  the  Mountain,  who  had  been  for  six  years  n^k'p^ 
captives  at  Onondaga,  escaped  and  came  into  camp,  con- 
firming the  intelligence  that  six  days  before,  all  uuiiblo  to 
bear  arms  had  taken  refuge  a  league  distant.  After 
dinner  the  same  day,  a  French  soldier  who  had  been  taken 
with  Father  Milet,  arrived  from  Oneida,  bearing  a  belt 
from  the  chiefs  of  that  canton  in  order  to  solicit  peace. 
Tho  General  at  once  sent  him  back  with  orders  to  say  to 
those  whose  envoy  he  was,  that  ho  would  indeed  receive  then- 


The 
Oneidiw 


'  Helotion,  &c.,  KiOo-O,  N.  Y.  Col.  101)0,  O.  S.,  iiroposfil  gi'iuling  tp)Oi)B 

L>ui-,,  ix.,  J).  053,  and  il.;  la  Potliiric  t.i  fr.vcr   the   flight  of  tlie  ludiana, 

are  Kil-iit  Ob  til  till' two  I'li'uchim'ii.  but    his    council    voted     it     down. 

''  Uov.  Klctolirr  on  the  Ttli  Aug.,  O'Callnglian's  Doc.,  Hist,  i.,  i>.  ','IT. 


18 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1696.      submissiofl,  but  on  condition,  that  they  should  come  and 

^-'"y"'^  Settle  in  the  colony  ;  tliat  moreover  tliey  should  not  expect 

to  delude  him  by  sham  negotiations,  and  that  he  was  about 

to  dispatch  troops  to  learn  their  final  answer.' 

Mr. do  lu  fact  the  next  day  the  Chevalier  de  Vaudreuil  sot  out 

Vimdronll    ,        ,  1111. 

mnreiies  to  for  that  canton  at  the  head  of  six  or  seven  Jmndred  men.' 

He  had  orders  to  cut  down  the  corn,  burn  the  village,  re- 
ceive six  chiefs  as  hostages,  and  in  case  they  made  the 
least  resistance  to  put  all  to  the  sword  whom  ho  could 
reach.  On  the  6th  a  young  rreuchmau,  seven  years  a 
prisoner  at  Onondaga,  escaped  and  gave  information  of 
several  caches  of  grain  and  goods,  which  the  enemy  had 
no  time  to  carry  off.  Having  seized  these  they  began  to 
cut  the  grain  and  ravage  the  country,  as  they  continued 
to  do  for  the  next  two  days.' 
Foriiiudo       On  the  8th  an  Onondaga,  said  to  be  nearly  a  centenarian, 

of  ail  old  .  1      1        • 

miiii  burn-  was  capturod  in  the  woods,  having  beeu  unable  or  unwil- 
ludiuui.  ling  to  flee  with  the  rest ;  for  he  seems  to  have  expected 
death  with  the  same  intrepidity  as  those  ancient  Senators 
of  Rome  when  that  city  was  taken  by  the  Gauls.  He  was 
abandoned  to  the  Indians,  who,  without  regard  to  his  ad- 
vanced age,  wreaked  on  him  the  rage  caused  by  the  flight 
of  the  rest.  Never  perhaps  did  man  experience  greater 
barbarity  or  display  greater  firmness  and  greatness  of 
soul. 

It  was  undoubtedly  a  singular  spectacle  to  behold  more 
than  jiour  hundred  men,  furiouil^  assailing  a  decrepit  old 
man,  from  whom  by  no  torture  they  could  extort  a  sigh. 


'  Relation,  &c.  1G95-0,  N.  Y.  Col. 
J)oc.,  ix.,  1).  ti~)'.i-A.  The  Relation 
des  Afllvires  du  Canada,  l(i!)0,  p.  9, 
gays  that  the  Christian  woman,  who 
saved  Milet,  came  and  ofTered  to  ^o 
to  Sault  Saint  Louis  with  HO  Onei- 
das,  that  Fronteuac  agrcid,  but  that 
Vaiidreuirs  troops  ravaged  the  place 
before  terms  were  concluded. 

'  Tlie  Relation  des  Affaiics  du  Ca- 
nada, 1090, p.  9,  snysiOOiiun,  inclu- 
ding liOO  Indians. 

^  Relation,  &c.,  1095-0,  N.  Y.  Col. 


Doc,  ix.,  p.  654-5.  De  la  Potlierie, 
p  280-1. The Oneidas  fled  to  Albany, 
N.  Y.  Doc.  Hist.,  i.,  p.  217.  The 
French  do  not  seem  to  have  d(!- 
Btroyed  any  of  the  towns,  excejit  one 
Oneida  castle.  Sauonguirese.  flie 
MoliBwli,  (lb.  p.  2'i'i.)  in  speiikiu!;- 
of  lire,  alludes  to  the  prev'ious  invii- 
sion  of  his  canton  :  nnd  Dncitiuli- 
haia,  the  S(>ncca,  p.  22:!,  all'idos  pro- 
bnlily  to  I'enonville's  times,  in 
speaking  of  two  castleF  lost. 


% 


HISTOHY  OF  NEW  FIl.iNCE. 

auil  who  novor  coivscd,  as  long  as  ho  lived,  reproaching 
them  for  becoming  the  slaves  of  the  French,  of  whom 
he  uffectcd  to  speak  Avith  the  utmost  contempt.  The 
only  compliint  that  fell  from  his  lips,  v/iis  when  some 
one  from  compassion,  or  rage  perhaps,  gave  him  two  or 
three  stabs  with  a  knife  to  dispatch  him.  "  Yon  should  not," 
he  said,"  shorten  luj  life  ;  you  would  have  had  more  time 
to  learn  lOW  to  die  like  a  man.  As  for  mo,  I  die  happy 
for  I  have  nothing  vile  to  reproach  myself  with.'" 

On  the  9th  Mi",  de  Vaudreiiil  after  burning  the  fort  and 
villages  of  the  Oneida  canton,'  returned  to  the  camp  with 
thirty-five  men,  chiefly  French  prisoners,  whose  fetters  ho 
had  broken ;  they  wore  accompanied  by  the  principal 
chiefs  of  the  canton,  who  came  to  put  themselves  at 
Count  do  Frontenac's  discretion.'  That  general  gave 
them  a  very  favorable  reception,  in  the  hope  of  drawing 
the  others,  but  in  this  he  was  disappointed.  In  this  party 
was  a  young  Mohawk,  who  had  come  to  Oneida  to  see 
what  was  going  on.  Having  beon  recognized  as  a  deser- 
ter from  the  village  at  the  Mountain  the  winter  before,  he 
Wiis  burned.  He  had  informed  the  Chevalier  de  Vau- 
dreuil  that  tlie  Mohawks  and  English  had  assembled  at 
Orange  (Albany)  to  the  number  of  three  hundred,  to  march 
to  the  relief  of  Oneida,  which  they  saw  would  bo  e^adeutly 
attacked;  bat  that  they  had  at  once  retraced  their  step.s, 
and  that  the  consternation  was  inten.so  in  all  directions.' 


19 


1696. 


Dr  . 
dreiiil 
cratious  at 

Oneida. 


'  Itelation  &c..  10U5-fl  N.  Y.  (.'ol. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  G.'"i4,  I)(i  la  Potlii  rio,  iii., 
p.  279.  Tlie  wdrst  featuro  of 
tids  affair,  is  tliut  this  old  nmn 
1  nomas  waa  n  Clirirtian  ot  many 
years  staniliug,  and  that  lie  was 
tortured  by  the  French  against  tlic 
wish  ol'  tho  ChriHtiun  Iroquois. 
Froutonac  would  have  BaveJ  his  lite 
wh  M  it  ^v:l8  t(X)  late.  Rtlation  des 
Affiiir  s  (lu  Canada,  p.  11.  Tho  He- 
litliou  iu  the  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  says  lie 
was  tortiiiid  liy  the  Indians. 

-  i''li-i(liiT,  Aug.  23,  says  hi'  sur- 
prisi'd  and  1  uricil  ouu  Oneida  Cas- 
tle, N.  V.  Unc,  I  list,  i.,  p.  210. 

^'riiiriy  caiiie.  delation  dew  Al- 
I'jjres  du  Canada,  \k  10. 


■■  Uelatiou,  &c.,  1G95-C,  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  V>5?.  Gov.  Fletcher  ex- 
pected an  attack  on  Albany  and  pre- 
pared to  defend  it.  Speech  to 
Assembly,  X  Y.  Doc.  History  I., 
3'2(i.  Hamilton  to  Fletcher,  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc.  iv.,  p.  200.  Most  of  tlio 
Oneiiliis  and  Mohawks  to.k  refugo 
in  Aliiany;  N.  Y.  Doc.  Hist.  I., 
217.  Fletcher  is  f-tyled  Cayeu 
quiragoe,  evidently  a  translation  of 
his  originally  French  naiiie(F;echii'r, 
aiTowniakei),  altlmugli  ho  nnulo 
it  out  to  be  dreal  Suil't  Arrow, 
in  allusion  to  his  jirompt  move- 
ments.     N.  Y.  C!ol.   Doc,    iv.,    p. 


,»'  ' 


I  ; 


20 


IlISTOUY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


1696. 


DolibHra- 

llon  US  to 

lliu  course 

to  bo 

oduptud. 


'I  he  fount 
lit'  Fi'diite- 
riiic,  iia'ainst 
the  iKlviej 
of  all, leaves 
his  ex])e(li- 
tion  ni.lin- 
islud. 


Suspicions 
Etfcaiiistblm, 


On  this  information  a  council  of  war  was  held,  and  they 
discussed  what  was  yet  to  be  done  to  put  the  finishing 
stroke  to  an  expedition  already  so  well  begun.  The  Count 
de  Froutnnac  was  at  first  of  opinion  that  they  should  pro- 
ceed to  treat  the  Cayuga  canton  as  they  had  just  treated 
Onondaga  and  Oneida,  and  this  proposal  was  not  only 
generally  applauded,  but  it  was  added  that  after  ravaging 
those  three  cantons,  forts  should  bo  built  there  to  prevent 
the  Indians  from  returning. 

This  was  also  approved.  The  Chevalier  de  Callieres 
offered  to  remain  in  the  country  during  the  winter  to 
carry  out  the  project,  and  his  offer  was  at  first  accepted. 
Mr.  dc  Maricourt  and  some  other  officers,  chiefly  Cana- 
dians, as  being  more  accustomed  than  the  others  to  forest 
life  and  Indian  pursuit,  were  appointed  to  remain  under 
his  orders ;  but  great  surprise  was  felt  when  the  General 
that  very  evening  announced  that  he  had  changed  his 
mind  and  that  preparations  should  be  made  for  marching 
back  to  Montreal. 

In  vain  did  the  Chevalier  de  CaUieres  represent  to  him 
tliat  he  should  at  least,  before  leaving  the  country,  reduce 
the  Cayugas  the  haughtiest  of  all  the  Iroquois,  and  the 
easiest  to  subdue,  that  this  would  only  require  them  to 
descend  a  fiue  river  that  led  to  that  canton,  and  that  this 
expedition  woulcl  require  only  a  part  of  his  army ;  he  could 
obtain  nothing,  and  we  are  assured  that  the  Count  de 
Froutenac  let  slip  the  expression  that  the  Governor  of 
Montreal  was  jealous  of  his  glory,  and  that  it  was  only  to 
dim  it  that  he  wished  to  involve  him  in  a  new  enterprise, 
of  doubtful  success.  Be  this  as  it  may,  the  discontent  be- 
came almost  general,  and  those  who  concealed  it  least 
were  the  Canadians,  and  the  Iroquois  of  Sault  St.  Louis. 

But  in  spite  of  the  repeated  instances  of  these  last  whom 
Frontenac  disliked,  he  ordered  the  homeward  march,  say- 
ing quite  loud : "  They  wish  to  tarnish  my  glory,  and  it  is 
time  that  I  take  a  little  rest."  The  tradition  which  nine 
years  after  I  found  quite  general  in  Canada,  is  that  some 


'  Uelatiuii  dc.i  Affaires  du  (.'auudu.  lO'JO,  p.  10. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


21 


iiulividuals,  who  did  not  wisli  to  soo  the  war  ended  so  soon, 
liad  shown  the  Governor  General,  as  he  left  the  council, 
that  if  the  Iroquois  nation  were  once  destroyed,  or  en- 
tirely incapacitated  from  giving  us  any  uneasiness,  the 
king  would  infallibly  make  a  considerable  reduction  in  the 
troops  he  maintained  in  the  colony. 

This  was  touching  his  weak  spot ;  he  loved  to  rule,  ho 
had  the  nomination  to  most  of  the  military  commands, 
which  rendered  all  the  good  families  absolutely  dependant 
on  him,  and  won  him  an  authority,  which  it  would  mor- 
tify him  deeply  to  see  curtailed.  Moreover  he  hatl  the 
sense  to  ]ierceive  that  the  Court,  where  from  time  to  time 
memorials  against  his  conduct  were  received,  would  give 
him  less  scope,  when  they  judged  him  less  necessary.  Ho 
accordingly  believed,  as  his  enemies  pretend,  that  it  was 
necessary  to  preserve  an  enemy  whom  he  needed,  in  order 
to  maintain  himself  in  the  elevated  position  which  he  oc- 
cupied. 

But  to  deem  a  man  of  that  rank  capable  of  thus  sacri- 
ficing the  peace  of  a  colony  to  his  ambition  ;  of  thus  dis- 
honoring the  laurels  he  had  come  so  far  to  win,  and  with 
such  toil  at  the  age  of  seventy-four,  and  tarnishing  all  the 
glory  he  had  acquired  since  his  return  to  Canada,  requires, 
it  would  seem,  e^ddenco  that  the  strongest  conjectures 
cannot  give.  Nor  is  the  fact  that  no  motive  can  be  con- 
ceived for  his  conduct  enough  to  justify  us  in  ascribing  to 
him  a  dishonorable  one.  Moreover,  if  he  had  a  great 
many  partisans  in  New  France,  whom  his  personal  merit 
had  prepossessed  in  his  favor,  or  who  were  bound  to  him 
by  intercot  and  gi'atitude,  there  were  still  more  who 
deemed  that  they  had  good  cause  of  complaint  against 
him.  And  all  know  that  resentment  leaves  far  more  du- 
rable impressions  than  gratitude  and  esteem,  which  are 
often  buried  in  the  grave  with  their  object.' 
The  Count  de  Frontenac  lot  the  Indians  and  all  who 

'  Altliough  I'harlevoix  thus  con-  28,    1G97,    wrote    stating    that   the 

(li'inna   Front'nmc.   wt;  ftiul  no  iloc-  king    hwl    ixpn^ssod    liinisflf   eu- 

un\ont8  tranHinittL'd  on  tho  (jccasion,  tircly   Bati)<tii'd    with    his     i'Xi)udi- 

aud  Count  de  I'ontcliarliain,  April  tiun. 


1696. 


22 


I  6n6. 


l:  turn  of 

tlic  iiniiy  to 

MuutrcaL 


AVliy  our 

ulli<'»  (lid 

not  join 

this  exi)f(ll- 

tiuu. 


Frontonac 

wislics  to 

foreo  tiiu 

Ir<)(|uois  to 

ask  peikcu. 


Prepiira- 

tioiis  to 

nitack  Fort 

i'uuikuit. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FUANC'E. 

<lisa])provc(l  his  course,  murmur.  He  sot  out  on  tlio  9th, 
and  jwocoeJecl  to  oncump  two  leagues  from  liis  fort.  Ho 
reached  it  ou  tlio  10th,  and  razed  it.  The  next  day  ho  om- 
harkod,  and  reached  Montreal  on  the  20th,  having  lost  only 
six  men  iu  his  campaign,  two  Indians,  who,  becoming  intoxi- 
cated with  brandy,  were  massacred  by  tho  Irot^uois,  ouo 
Frenchman  whoso  canoe  was  attacked  on  the  retreat,  and 
throe  others  drowned  iu  tho  rapids,  by  not  following  the 
route  assigned  to  them.' 

Frontenac  found  at  Montreal  the  Siour  d'Argenteuil 
who  had  come  down  from  Michillimakinac  with  fifty 
Frenchmen  to  accompany  him  to  Onondaga,  but  arrived 
too  late.  By  this  oificer  he  learned  tho  real  reason  that 
prevented  our  allies  from  joining  him  according  to  promise. 
This  was  simply  ill  will  on  their  part,  colored  by  pretexts 
as  hollow,  the  most  specious  being  their  conviction  that 
this  expedition,  like  so  many  projects  iu  previous  years, 
Avould  never  bo  carried  out." 

Meanwhile  the  Governor  General  not  only  believed  that 
ho  had  effected  much  by  humbling  tho  Iroquois,  but  as  ho 
was  informed  that  want  of  food  was  no  less  severe  in  the 
cantons  to  which  he  had  not  reached,  than  in  those  ho  had 
ravaged,  and  that  New  York  was  by  no  means  in  a  posi- 
tion to  furnish  any,  he  flattered  himself  that  the  Iroquois, 
to  avoid  total  ruin,  would  accept  peace  on  such  terms  as 
he  should  be  pleased  to  impose.  To  finish  this  compul- 
sion he  resolved  to  continue  the  war,  and  after  giving  his 
regulars  and  the  militia  time  to  recover  from  their  hard- 
ships, he  formed  several  detachments  which  harassed  the 
enemy  till  the  end  of  autumn. 

He  himself  descended  to  Quebec,  as  soon  as  he  had 
given  his  orders,  and  on  tho  25th  of  August,  the  Wasp,  a 
royal  ship,  amved  with  express  orders  from  the  king  to  put 
aboard  regulars  and  Canadians  under  the  command  of 
Captain  de  Muys,  an  officer  of  merit,  and  one  of  the  ablest 


'  English  accounts  would  make  '  N.  Y.  Col.  Poc,  ix.,  pp.  050,  648. 
his  loss  largpr,  Coldun,  p.  1113.  N.  De  la  I'otlicric,  Ilistoiro  da  rAtnt'- 
Y.  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  p.  2ty.  rique  Sept.,  iii.,  ]>.  2(17. 


HISTORY  OF  NKVV  FRANCE. 


23 


then  iu  the  colony.  The  Wiisp  was  to  carry  this  reinforce- 
uiout  straight  to  Plucuutia,  and  tlioro  to  await  Mr.  cVIber- 
villo,  who  was  to  sail  tliith(jr  only  after  he  had  wrosted 
Fort  Pciiukuit  from  tho  English,  according  to  the  plan 
spoken  of  iu  tho  previous  book.' 

Tho  Court  had  tliis  onterpriso  greatly  at  heart ;  a  for- 
tified place  amid  tho  Abcuaqui  nations,  giving  ground  to 
fear  that  those  Indians,  so  necessary  to  Now  France,  would 
be  overwhelmed  by  all  tho  forces  of  New  England,  as 
would  have  happened  indubitably,  had  the  English  had 
more  able  governors,  o''  )rcver  detached  them  from  our 
alliance  by  our  failure  to  aid  them  ;  but  our  enemies,  to 
effect  this,  adopted  tho  very  means  calculated  to  repixlso 
them. 

A  few  months  before,  some  Abenaquis  had  again  allowed 
themselves  to  be  drawn  to  Pomkuit  by  the  hopes  the  English 
held  out  of  releasing  prisoners  of  their  nation.  They 
were  quite  well  received  at  fii'st,  but  when  they  deemed 
themselves  most  secure,  two  were  killed  with  pistols.  An 
attempt  was  made  to  seize  the  rest,  but,  surprised  as  they 
were,  they  made  a  long  defence  with  their  wonted  valor. 
Two  were  killed,  but  at  tho  cost  of  two  English  hves.  The 
other  Indians,  it  seems,  whose  number  I  could  not  ascer- 
tain, were  made  prisoners ;  for  I  find  that  Taxous,  one  of 
these  last,  killed  two  of  his  guards  ou  the  waj'  and  escaped, 
as  some  others  did  subsequently.' 

It  is  inconceivable  how  the  English  failed  to  see  that  a 
different  course  would  in  time  have  succeeded  in  gaining  a 
naturally  mild  and  easy  race;  but  nations,  like  indivi- 
duals, never  lay  aside  their  peculiar  character,  and  are  al- 
most nlways  victims  of  their-  predominant  fault.  For  the 
same  reason  these  frequent  acts  of  treachery  did  not  cor- 
rect the  Abenaquis  of  p,  confidence  of  which  they  had 


1696. 


New 

tremliery 

of  thu  En- 

Rllfll    to- 

\.iirdi'  tliu 
AbeuiuiuiB. 


t^) 


'  Relation,  &c.,  10U5-6,  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.,  ix.,  p.  057.  Ante.  Vol.  iv., 
p.  275. 

'•'  N.  Y.  Col.  l)oc.,ix.,  p.  042,  citing 
'i'hvtry's  letter  of  May  21 .    This  act 


of  treachery  was  committed  by 
Chubb  (Feb.,  1090).  Hutchinson's 
History  of  Maseachusetts,  ii.,  p.  90. 
WilliamBou,  History  of  Maine,  i.,  p. 
043. 


I      r 

I 


j|4  •  IIISTOIIY  OF  NEW  FBAN(.'B. 

1696.  l>e<'n  so  often  tho  dupes,  or  of  tlio  want  of  forecast,  whicli 
•—V—'  almost  always  reiliieed  them  to  a  want  of  actual  uocossa- 
ries.  Tho  least  gleam  of  hope  of  delivering  their  brethren 
from  a  slavery  whoso  harshness  they  know,  suffleed  to 
eflface  from  their  memory  the  snares  so  often  set  with  this 
bait,  and  there  was  ground  to  fear  that  they  would  at  last 
make  terms  with  an  enemy,  from  whom  they  always  forgot 
that  they  had  nothing  to  hope,  and  whom  they  should  never 
cease  to  fear, 
liiprviue       This   brought  the  king's  council  to  resolve  to  deliver 

and    Bona-  -ii  .  i,  e   -i  • 

voniurc  in  theui  from  neighbors,  who  could  not  fail  m  time  to  prove 
their  niin,  do  what  they  would.  They  were  convinced 
that  on  their  preservation  depended  that  of  Acadia,  and 
all  its  dependencies.  Messrs.  d'Ibervillo  and  de  Bona- 
venture,  commissioned  as  I  have  said,  by  the  king  to  attack 
Pemkuit,  arrived  June  26th;  at  Spaniard  Bay  :  there  they 
found  letters  from  tho  Chevalier  de  Villebon,  inforining 
them  that  three  English  ships  awaited  them  at  the  mouth 
of  the  St.  John's ;  accordingly,  on  the  4th  of  May  they 
sailed  out  to  meet  them.' 
They  tnke  They  came  up  with  them  on  tho  14th,  and  d'Ibervillo 
""siiip!'^  having  dismasted  the  Newport,  of  24  guns,  captured  it 
without  losing  a  man.'  Tho  other  two  escaped  under 
cover  of  a  dense  fog  that  suddenly  rose.  Fifty  Micmaks 
whom  d'Iber\'ille  had  taken  aboard  at  Spaniard  Bay  con- 
tributed greatly  to  his  victory.  The  next  day  the  two 
French  ships  approached  St.  John's  River,  where  the  Chev- 
alier de  Villebon  awaited  them  with  fifty  Indians  ;  they 
remained  there  till  Aug.  2nd,  and  landed  the  munitions 
they  had  brought  for  Fort  Naxoat,  which  had  replaced 
Fort    Jemset.       Tho    fifty    Indians    who    accompanied 


'  Baudouin.Journnl,  Canada  Doc. 
II.,  viii.,  p.  S3  ;  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  is., 
p.  558.  Tho  three  vessels  were  the 
Sortings,  C'apt.  Enmes,  Newport, 
Capt.  Pnxton,  and  the  Province  ten- 
der. Hutchinson,  History  of  Mas- 
sachusettH,  ii.,  p.  87-8,  Church's  In- 
dian Wars,  ii.,  p.  !)9n. 

•  N.  V.  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.   058,  iv , 


p.  J  99.  She  carried  80  rwn,  and 
lost  her  topmast.  The  Sorlinf^s  es- 
ca]>ed  in  a  fog.  It  had  been  defeated 
before  in  1695.  De  la  Potherie, 
iM'gins  with  d'lberville's  operatiiniH 
after  he  proceeded  to  Newfound- 
land, und  gives  no  details  as  to  his 
operations  in  Acadia.  HiHtoire  de 
I'Anieriqtle  Sept.,  i.,  p.  24. 


niSTOKYOF  NEW  FHANCE. 


25 


Villoboii,  and  who  were  of  the  same  nation  as  tho.so  with 
(I'Tboivillo,  embarked  ou  tlio  Piofond,  commanded  hy  Mr. 
do  Donavoutiiro.' 

Ou  the  7lh  they  uiieliorod  at  Pciita}i;oot.  There  they 
found  the  Baron  do  St.  Cantiu  with  two  hundred  IndiiUis, 
Cauibas  and  Malocites,  and  Mr.  do  Iberville  distributed 
among  thora  the  king's  presents,  both  for  them  and  for 
those  of  their  people  who  had  gone  on  the  war  path  in 
a  different  dkection.  Saint  Castin  and  his  troop  then  om- 
bailied  in  their  canoes,  with  Captain  do  Villieu,  Mr.  do 
Moutiguy  and  tweutj'-five  soldiers  jf  Villieu's  company. 
On  the  13th,  tliey  arrived  in  sight  of  Pemkuit,  which  they 
invested  on  the  fourteenth.' 

Ou  the  same  day  Messrs.  d'Iberville  and  de  Bonaven- 
ture  anchored  a  league  from  the  fort,  and  learning  that 
Saint  Castin  had  akeady  planted  two  mortars  and  a  can- 
non, they  sent  about  five  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  to  sum- 
mon the  commandant,  by  name  Chubd.  That  officer  re- 
ceived the  summons  quite  haughtily,  and  replied  that  were 
the  sea  all  covered  with  French  vessels  and  the  land  with 
Indians,  he  would  not  surrender,  till  compelled  to  do  so.' 

On  this  reply  the  Indians  opened  their  fire ;  the  fort 
kept  up  a  pretty  sharp  fire  of  musketry,  and  discharged 
some  cannon.  About  two  o'clock  in  the  morning,  d'Iber- 
ville landed  and  pushed  forward  the  batteries  so  dili- 
gently, that  by  three  in  the  afternoon  they  were  all  ready, 
and  five  shells  thrown  into  the  fort  filled  it  with  alarm. 
Saint  Castin  perceiving  this,  warned  the  besieged  that  if 
they  waited  till  the  place  was  stormed,  they  would  have 
to  deal  with  Indians,  from  whom  they  well  knew  they 
could  not  expect  quarter.* 

This  menace  had  its  effect :  the  garrison,  consisting  of 
ninety-two  men,  compelled  the  commandant  to  capitulate. 
Tlie  conditions  which  he  asked,  were  that  no  one  should 


1696. 


A't        o 

I'ort   Pom 

kult. 


'  Baudoiiin,  Journal  il'un  Voyage. 
t'aDuda  Doc.,  11.,  viii.,  p.  33. 

'  Uflation,  &c.,  101)5-0,  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.,  ix.,  1..  658.  Do  la  Potherio, 
iii.,  p.  77. 


It  capitu- 
lates. 


^  Baudotiin,  .fournal,  &c.,iip.  34-0. 

*  lb.  p.  37.  Hutchinson  cities 
"  orijfinal  letter  in  Castine's  (St. 
Castin's)  Laudwriting." 


2fl 


HI«TOUY  OK  NEW    F»AN(  K. 


1696. 


bo  robl)0(l,  tlifit  tlio  commftndftiit  ninl  all  his  jnon  Hhould 
' ^'^'^  he  Kcnl  to  Boston  and  cxchftugod  for  tlio  Fiiuicli  iiud  In- 
diiius  detfiitiod  there,  and  tlint  tboy  should  ho  protectod 
agaiust  the  fury  of  tlio  Indians.  All  this  was  granted. 
Chubd  and  his  garrison  marchod  out  of  tho  fort  that  same 
evoninj,',  and  Mr.  do  Villiou  entered  with  sixty  Fronchinon. 
Tho  prisoners  wore  then  placed  on  un  island  under  the 
gnus  of  tho  royal  ships,  where  there  was  no  fear  of  their 
being  annoyed  by  the  Indiaus,  a  precaution  ven  more 
necessary  than  at  first  supposed. 

Villiou  on  entering  the  fort  found  a  Caoibas  there  in 
irons ;  and  among  the  papers  which  tho  commandant  had 
neglected  to  carry  away  or  burn,  an  order  recently  sent 
from  Boston,  to  hang  this  prisoner.  Villiou  was  too  pru- 
dent to  communicate  this  order  to  the  Indians  then ;  but 
the  prisoner  was  in  the  most  wretched  state  possible,  with 
legs  stiff  as  a  post,  and  coming  ready  to  expire.  This 
roused  liis  countrymen  to  a  pitch  of  fury,  which  tho  French 
had  great  difficulty  in  controlling.'  Fort  Pcinlaiit  was  not 
as  good  a  fort  as  it  appeared  ;  yet  it  is  certain,  that  had  it 
been  defended  by  brave  men,  the  result  of  tho  siege  might 
have  been  doubtful,  or  its  capture  would  at  all  events  have 
ccsi  many  lives.  Nothing  required  for  a  long  defence  was 
wanting ;  tho  powder  magazine  was  proof  to  all  bat  bombs, 
and  even  to  them  except  in  a  small  spot,  because  a  rock 
against  which  it  rested  formed  part  of  its  vault  and  walls. 
Moreover  there  were  in  tho  fort  fifteen  pieces  of  artillery 
mounted,  and  nothing  could  could  bo  better  devised  or  r  ore 
convenient  than  the  quarters  for  the  officers  and  men.' 
Part  of  the  '^^'^  l"^*''  '""^^  ^^^^^  wero  spent  in  destroying  it.  D'lber- 
^8i'nt"t(r  ^'^'^  ^^"'"  ^^"''  l^^^^  °^  *''®  garrison  to  the  commandant  of 
Now  England,  notifying  him  that  if  he  wished  to  obtain 
tho  rest  and  tho  crew  of  tho  Newport,  he  must  at  once  do- 


Boston. 


'  Baudouin,  Journal,  Caniula  Doc, 
III.  viii.,  p.  08.  Ho  WU8  appu- 
ri.'iitly  an  Indian  taken  wln'U  Edziv 
riuiet  was  killod.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,  p.  058.  Canada  Doc.,  Ill  i.,  p. 
308-9. 


*  Baudouin,  Journal,  &c.,  p.  ;!8 , 
Ilutchinaon's  History  of  Maasachu- 
setts,  ii.,  p.  yO.  Tho  fort  contained 
!I2  men,  some  women  and  children. 
N.   Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  658,  iv,,  p. 

lua. 


IIISTOUY  OF  NKW  FUANCK. 


27 


liv(!r  up  to  him  nil  tlio  Frouoh  iiinl  tlinir  iiIlicH  ilotiiiuod  iu  i6<;6. 
liiH  prisons.  At  tho  hixuw  tiiuo  ho  stftitoil  for  I'oulii^ot^t,  "*~v**^ 
whore  he  awuitod  for  sonio  timo  tho  roply  of  tho  cuiuman- 
(lant;  but  as  it  lU'iivyecl  couHiilorably,  auil  ho  hiul  not 
proviBionB  for  ho  largo  a  force,  ho  Hoiit  a  huiulrotl  luoro 
mon  to  Uostou,  ami  rotaiuod  only  tho  oilicers,  whom  ho 
committcil  to  tho  caro  of  Mr.  do  Villiou. 

Ou  the  3rd  of  Scptombor  ho  sailod  with  do  Bonavcnturc    ^i,,,  ,^^|, 
and  liiH  prize.     Thoy  had  .scan-Lly  doubled  the  island.s  at  ,  f"'"''"'', , 
tho  mouth  of  tho  Pontat'oot  (Penobscot)  when  they  per-  i"iK"^'ii-ii 
coived  Hoven  sail  aij])roae]iing  them,  and  keeping  them  be- 
twoon  tho  shore   and   theniHolves :    d'llxirvillo    at    onco 
hailed  tho  8iour  do  Lau.son,  who  commanded  the  Nowpoif, 
which   carried   tho    hundred   Micmaks   taken   aboard   at 
Spaniards'  Bay  and  St.  John's  llivor,  to  keep  as  near  him 
as  possible. 

Tho  Indians,  on  their  sid(i,  who  thought  as  a  matter  of 
eourso  that  tliey  were  to  light,  bi'ggod  that  oiKeer  to  en- 
gage tho  largest  of  the  enemy's  vessel  sooner  tlian  surrender, 

as  thoy  preferred  to  die  arms  iu  hand  and  after  first  aveu- 
ging  their  death,  rather  than  rot  iu  the  dungeons  of  Bos- 
ton. Lausou  promised  to  do  so ;  but  in  tho  evening  the 
English  scpiadron  being  very  near,  d'Ibervillo  tacked,  aud 
steered  towards  the  mainland ;  thou,  after  sailing  a  league, 
he  ran  along  tho  coast  towards  Mount  Desert.  On  this  the 
English,  despairing  of  overtaking  him,  or  perhaps  fearing 
to  approach  a  coast  which  thoy  did  not  know  very  well, 
also  changed  their  course  and  steered  for  tho  St.  John's.' 
The  next  morning  d'Ibervillo  seeing  no  more  of  them,  _,, 

"  °  '  They  arrive 

irat  oli"  to  sea,  and  so  ran  down  to  Isle  Royalo  or  Capo        m 
i  ,  ■  ,  ,  ■         ,  ■  ,  1        ,  Plaecutla. 

Breton  ;  this  prevented  his  taking  aboard  a  largo  number 

of  Indians  who  were  awaiting  him  at  Port  do  la  Ile've, and 

who  were  to  accompany  him  to  Newfoundland.     Ilo  oven 


'  Buu'louin,  Journal, &c.,  p.  ;!!)— 10.  Orl'ord,  men  (jf-wnr,   with  tlie   Sor- 

Thiu  fleet  of  flvi!  vfssols  wiis  fitted  lirifjs, and  a  20  gun  nlii|) and  fircsliip, 

oia  at  UoHton.o:!  lifariiifj  of  tlir  1-wH  were  sent  to  tlic  PciioliM-dt.    Uiitch- 

oftlie  Nt'W|!ort  and  tlie  tiirt.     Five  innon,  Ilirtory  of  .Miissu(!iii.-<t!ttc,  ii., 

Iiiiii'lrcd    men  \v\t-  hcnt  to  difiiid  p.  !)1.     'I'licv  diil  no!  yi,  u,  {]„•  St. 

Ni'W  Hilllll.^.lli^L•.    Till'  Armiili'l  :iiid  Juliii,  liiit  letiirnttl  to  Itoslou. 


28 


UWTUllY   OK  NKW   KI{AN(  E. 


lukfii  hy 
Ihu 


i6y6.  liiuilu'l  ou  Ciipo  Urotoii  thoao  ou  tho  Nowj)ort,  oxcopt  throe 
^  r  '-'  who  woiiKl  not  luiivo  him,  ami  ou  tho  I'itliot  Augvist  ho  an- 
chored ill  Iho  hiubor  of  Placoutia,  hiiviug  hwt  on  liiH  ox- 
poditiou  ouly  young  dii  Taut,  a  uuilHhiinnau  Horving  as  uu- 
uiga  011  hiu  uhip.  Tiiin  otHcor  had  so  uxposud  hiuiHulf  (hir- 
ing tho  biogu  of  I'unikuit  that  be  waa  Huizod  with  a  pluu- 
ris),  of  wiilch  ho  died.' 

Mounwiiilo  thu  EugUsh  yquadrou,  which  had  miuHod  t!ie 
tlut^o  Frouoii  ahiprt,  foil  in  witli  tho  Chovalior  do  Villobon' 
ruturuiug  to  Iuh  fort  Naxoat  with  a  party  of  ludiaau,  and 
took  liim  prisoner.'  Thouco  it  coutiuuod  ita  routo  towards 
Acadia,  and  anchored  off  lioaubabsiu,  whoro  four  hundred 
xuon,  including  one  hundred  and  fifty  IndiauH,  wore  lauded. 
One  liourgcois  who  had  a  sottlemont  in  thoso  parts,  cani'^ 
out  in  a  boat  to  soo  the  commandant  on  his  ship  :  ho  pi 
Bduted  to  him  a  document  by  which  all  tho  inhabitants  of 
CcaubHasiu  had  bound  thomsolvos  at  tho  time  of  tho  con- 
quest of  Acadia  by  Sir  William  Phibs  to  remain  faithful  to 
King  William,  and  had  boon  received  under  his  protection. 
Tho  commandiint,  having  road  this  document,  assured 
Bourgeois  that  ho  would  injure  no  cue,  and  even  forbade 
'^'lu'vs'of'"'  ^"'*  soldiers  to  take  anything  in  the  houses  or  to  kill  more 
catth-  than  tlujy  needed  to  live.  Ho  then  proceeded  with 
his  chief  officers  to  Bourgeois'  house,  whoro  several  other 
settlors  came  to  salute  him ;  but  while  he  was  in  this 
house,  the  master  regaling  him  with  his  bos^  his  soldiers 


They  roin- 
niit  iiiiiiiy 

iKISlil  tlcH 

ill  Ai  MiU;k 


iiatloiio 


I  Baudouin,  Journal,  &c.,  p.  41, 
Do  lu  Fotliorio,  Iliatoiro  do  I'Ann'- 
ruiue  tivyt ,  i.,  p.  24. 

■•'  ClmrUivoix  lioro  falls  Into  an 
error  which  leads  liim  info  great 
confusion.  Tho  Orford  capturtid 
Villii'U — not  Villebon — with  23  men. 
Hutchinson,  ii.,  ]).  ill,  Canada  Doc- 
uuicnlH,  III.,  i.,  p.  ;!40.  Kolatlon, 
Ac,  lOmi-7,  N.  Y.  ("ol.  Doc,  ix.,  p. 
(iOI.  N.  Y.  fol.  MSa  42,  p.  itr),pvc.s 
a  liH' of  soiditTH  talit'ii  witli  V'illicu 
and  HCuttiTi'il  In  tlio  VV.  Indies  and 
I'luewlK'ni. 

■'  Uclatiou,  Ac,  lOilO-T,  N.  Y.  Col. 


Doc,  ix.,  p.  004,  ar  1  Do  la  Poilierio, 
ill.,  p.  290,  says  that  Villieu  was 
cajitured  in  bad  faith,  hu  Ijclng  on- 
gagod  in  exchanging  prisoniTs.  Ho 
waa  BO  closL'ly  confined  that  Villebon 
threatened  retaliation  in  a  letter  to 
the  Council  at  Boston,  April  2l8t, 
10!I7,  Canada  Doc,  H.,  viii.,  p.  9. 

Charlevoix,  like  de  la  I'otherie, 
lii.,  p.  21)1),  Bupposea  the  Orford  and 
its  fleet  went  on.  Hutchinson,  ii., 
I).  91.  The  U(!et  that  went  ta  Heau- 
liassin  was  oi,e  of  small  vessels 
under  Maj.  Churcli.  I'hurch's  In- 
dian Wars,  ii.,  pi).  1)0,  Ac. 


IIKSTOHV  CK  NKW  KHANt'lS. 


20 


Hi'ivltiToil  Uiruiif,'li  111!  Hiu  otliorH,  acting  tUcro  aH  though 
lliiiy  wuio  in  ucoatjiiorod  ooiiutry. 

Sovoriil  Hcttlui'H  hail  uuspuotud  HhruwiUy  tliiit  Hum  would 
liapptm,  ami  tlioHu  hail  ta'toa  rofii^^o  iu  uputrt  whoro  thry 
know  no  attompt  would  bo  unido  to  follow  tlioiu  :  thoy 
would  not  foiuo  foitii  for  all  that  was  said  on  boii.vlf  of  tlio 
Euglisli  ^onoral  to  roasHuro  thorn,  and  thoy  woio  wise  ;  for 
liuit  goueral  soon  obsorvud  tho  tonus  as  littlo  aa  his  niuu 
did;  tho  Indians  woro  actually  thoso  who  showod  most 
humanity.  At  Iho  ond  of  uiuo  days  thoro  was  not  an  odi- 
litio  loft  standing  at  Boaubassiu  oxoopt  aouio  housos  and 
barns  from  which  everything  had  boon  carried  oflf,  and  the 
church,  which  was  not  yot  touched.  But  tho  English  hav- 
ing subsociuontly  porcoivcd  a  i)laoard  on  it  Higiuul  by  Mr. 
do  i'Vontonac,  and  containing  some  regulations  as  to  trade, 
the  commandant,  on  being  informed  of  it,  broke  out  into 
reproaches  against  tho  settlers,  throatouod  to  treat  them 
as  rebels,  ruined  them  completely,  and  reduced  their  church 
to  ashes. 

Ho  then  presented  to  them  an  English  document  to 
sign,  tolling  them  that  it  contained  only  a  now  declaration, 
acknowledging  themselves  subjects  of  King  William,  and 
ho  added  that  it  wcjuld  servo  as  a  safeguard  against  any 
Englisii  wlio  might  laud  on  their  coast.'  This  done  he  ro- 
cmbai  ked,  and  on  tho  29th  of  Soi)tomber  ho  hoisted  sail 
for  St.  John's  Rivor,  which  he  reached  tho  same  day.  An 
oubigu  of  tho  garrison  of  Naxoat,  named  Chevalier,  was  on 
videtie  at  the  mouth  of  the  river,  with  a  detachment  of 
three  or  four  soldiers ;  ha  first  porceived  a  brigantiue  of 
about  GO  tons  and  the  next  day  was  attacked  by  the  En- 
glish, who  had  landed  unporccived  by  him. 

Ho  made  for  tho  woods,  and  proceeded  to  notify  his 
commandant  of  the  arrival  of  the  enemy,  whose  number 
and  force  ho  had  been  unable  to  ascertain.    This  com- 


1 6i>6. 


'  Dn    Itt    Potliorie,    iii.,     p.   20i).  ChurcU'H  Indian  Wnr,  ii.,  p.   ll;i-.5, 

CbiiHi  iu  liiM  nccounttiHays  uoihinj,'  Imt   lie  luluiits  iloiiig  the   .\ca(liana 

uf  I'liips"  i)ri)cliii[!uti()n,  nor  of  lii8  cunmdorul)lu  injury. 
Ui'iitructiiia  ul'  tlit'  churcli  unU  Iiuuhi-h, 


30 


HISTOitY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


l6y6. 


Th(7  ho- 

slfRi!  Port 

liaxoitt. 


mandiint  was  the  Cliovalier  de  Villebon,  who  had  appa- 
rently beou  released,'  having  shown  that  ho  was  not  a 
lawful  prisoner  of  war,a8  ho  had  been  arrested  while  bearing 
a  passport  in  due  form.  Two  days  after  Chevalier  returned 
to  the  sea  with  two  others ;  but  ho  fell  into  an  ambuscade 
laid  for  him  by  some  Indians  ;  he  was  killed  and  his  two 
soldiers  taken. 

The  latter,  from  some  unknown  motive,  showed  the  En- 
glish several  caches  of  munitions  and  goods  made  quite 
near,  and  the  whole  was  put  on  board  the  ship,  which  at 
once  sailed  for  Boston."  They  had  not  gone  far  before 
they  foil  in  with  a  32  gun-fiigate^  and  two  smaller  vessels, 
commanded  by  Sikik,  an  English  captain  who,  by  virtue 
of  an  order  which  he  bore,'  obliged  the  squadron  to  return 
to  St.  John's  River  and  attack  Fort  Naxoat.  Thus  the  en- 
emy's force,  augmented  by  three  ships  and  two  hundred 
men,  reappeared  at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  John's  River, 
when  it  was  supposed  to  be  near  Boston. 

The  Chevalier  de  Villebon  heard  of  this  on  the  12th  of 
October  from  his  brother  Mr.  de  Neuvillette,  the  youngest 
of  the  sons  of  the  Baron  de  Bekancourt,  and  who  had 
been  sent  to  ascertain  what  had  become  of  the  Sieu?  Che- 
valier. He  had  written  the  evening  before  to  the  Recollect 
Father  Simou,  who  directed  an  Indian  Mission  quite  near 
there,  to  beg  him  to  induce  all  his  neophytes  he  could  to 
come  and  join  him,  and  on  the  lith,  that  religious  brought 
him  thirty-six  warriors.  The  nest  day  he  sent  back  Neu- 
villette to  the  sea,  and  on  the  16th,  that  officer  returned 
to  Naxoat,  having  found  the  enemy  in  quite  strong  force, 
half  a  league  below  Jomset,  that  is  to  say,  half  way  be- 
tween Naxoat  and  the  mouth  of  the  river. 


'  Ho  had  not  been  taken.  See  ante 
p.  2S.  Chevalier  lost  one  killed  and 
one  tttlicu,  Church's  Indian  Wars, 
ii.,  p.  U7. 

"  VillelMin,  Joiirnivl,  Canada  Doc, 
II.,  viii.,  p.  1-'J8,  Chiirch'M  Indian 
Wiir,  ii.,  p.  li;),  117. 

^  The  Anindfl,  Captain  Kigginn, 


with  the  I'tovince  galley,  Capt. 
Southack,  and  a  tranaiMirt  slooi), 
Capt.  Aldeu.  Hutchinson,  History 
of  Massachusetts,  ii.,  p.  1)4.  (lolonel 
Hawthorn,  of  the  ('ouncil,  here  su- 
perseded Church. 

'  From  (Jov.  Stoui'lilon. 


HISTORV  OF  NEW  FKANCE. 


31 


Cournj»o 

of  the 

giirrUon. 


Mr.  do  Villobon  hail  already  put  his  fort  in  quite  a  good     '   9  '• 

condition  ;  he  apeut  all  the  rest  of  the  day  iu  throwing  up 

new   intrenchments,  in  which  ho  waa  supported  heartily  DoViiicbon 

„  prepares  for 

by  his  brother,  by  do  Cxannea,  one  oi  his  olncors,  by  the    dofeimc. 

Sieur  de  la  Oote,  King's  Scrivener,  and  by  the  Sieur 
Tibiorgo,  Agent  of  the  Acadia  Company.  On  the  evening 
of  the  17th,  he  drew  up  his  garrison  under  arms  at  beat 
of  drum,  made  thein  a  very  inspiring  military  address,  ex- 
horted them  to  despise  an  enei-iy  who,  with  all  his  ad- 
vantage of  numbers,  co'ild  not  usually  cope  with  the 
Freucli,  .and  he  concluded  by  promising  on  his  honor,  that, 
if  any  one  liad  the  misfortune  to  be  crippled  fighting  for 
his  kJJig  and  country,  his  Majesty  would  provide  for  his 
maintenance  the  rest  of  his  days. 

This  speech  was  answered  by  loud  cries  of  "Vive  le 
Eoy,"  and  at  the  same  time  there  arrived  at  the  fort  the 
Sieurs  de  Chgnauoourt,'  and  Baptiste,  with  ten  Frenchmen 
who  resided  below  Naxoat.  Mr.  de  Viliebon  ordered  theui 
to  put  themselves  at  the  head  of  the  Indians,  to  prevent 
the  English  from  landing,  and  to  send  him  every  day  some 
one  to  receive  his  orders.  All  being  thus  disposed,  each 
man  took  his  post,  resolved  not  to  leave  it  except  with  his 
life,  and  as  the  barking  of  the  dogs  showed  that  the  en- 
emy wore  approachiijg,  all  passed  the  night  under  arms. 

On  the  18th,  between  eight  and  nine  o'clock  in  the 
morning,  while  the  commandant  was  hearing  mass,  he  the  Fort 
was  notified  that  a  boat  full  of  armed  men  was  in  sight. 
He  at  once  fired  the  alarm  gun,  and  every  man  instantly 
resumed  his  post.  Two  other  boats,  armed  like  the  fii'st, 
followed  close  upon  it :  ho  allowed  them  to  ajiproach  till 
within  half  cannon  range  and  then  ho  fired,  compelling 
them  to  seek  shelter  behind  a  point,  where  they  lauded,  the 
French  being  unable  to  prevent  them,  although  they  were 
not  more  than  musket  shot  distant,  b'cause  the  river  waa 
between  them.     The  English  were  at  once  heard  crying : 


'  Clignancourl  was  a  son  of  I^ouis  bogides  the  name  d'Ainoure,  thoso 
irAinours,  ii  Paris^inu  gciiilfiuan  of  of  Froneuse,  do  Plaine,  and  Cligiinn- 
iiolili'    extracliuu.    llin    sons    boro    court. 


'■}  I 


HISTORY  OF  NaW  FBANCE. 


1696.  "Long  livetlie  Kiug,"  and  the  gan-isoa  did  the  sa  mo  on 
'  its  side. 

A  moment  after  tbe  enemy  were  seen  advancing  in  good 
order  till  opposite  tbe  fort,  where  the  river  is  as  wide  as 
a  good  pistol  shot.  Here  they  encamped  and  at  once 
began  to  throw  up  a  breastwork  to  protect  them  from  the 
fire  of  the  fort.  They  then  put  in  position  a  battery  of 
two  field  pieces,  which  in  three  hours  were  ready  to  fire. 
They  next  hoisted  the  royal  flag  of  England,  and  in  the 
evening  planted  a  third  and  I'^rger  cannon  nearer  the  fort, 
but  as  it  was  unjirotected  it  fired  little. 

The  two  first  were  well  handled ;  but  the  cannon  of  the 
fort  even  bettor.  The  musket  fire  on  both  sides  was  quite 
heavy,  and  the  Indians  of  each  force  advancing  a  little  on 
the  bank  of  the  river  fought  like  braves.  Night  coming 
on  put  an  end  to  the  action,  and  the  Chevalier  de  Villebon 
perceiving  the  enemy  prepare  to  light  fires,  the  cold  being 
extremely  sharp,  gave  several  alarms  to  prevent  them, 
but  as  this  failed  to  produce  the  expected  effect,  he 
loaded  a  cannon  with  c'^'t-'^)  <^^^  the  first  volley  compelled 
them  to  extinguish  ail  their  fires. 

Thus  they  spent  a  very  severe  night,  and  at  daybreak 
the  musketry  of  the  fort  again  opened  on  them.  They 
did  not  reply  tUl  about  eight  or  nine  o'clock,  and  then 
only  with  the  two  pieces  of  their  battery.  La  Cote,  who 
had  greatly  distinguished  himself  the  day  before,  by  his 
rapid  and  accurate  fire,  soon  dismounted  one  of  these  two 
pieces,  and  kept  up  so  terrible  a  fire  on  the  second  that  it 
was  abandoned  soon  after.  Towards  noon  the  Sieur  de 
Falaise'  arrived  from  Quebec,  having  used  the  greatest 
dispatch,  in  order  to  take  part  in  the  defence  of  Naxoat, 
the  siege  of  which  he  learned  on  his  route.  A  post  was 
immediately  assigned  to  him,  and  during  the  rest  of  the 
day  the  tire  of  the  fort  was  very  severe. 

In  the  evening  the  enemy  kindled  a  fire  covering  a  largo 
apace,  and  then  there  was  little  doubt  but  that  they  pro- 


Apparently  de  Oannfs  do    Fnlaisc,  already  unraod  on  tlui  last  page. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


33 


1696, 


posed  decamping.  Some  time  after  they  were  perceived 
loading  their  boats,  and  M.  de  Villebon  wished  the  Indians 
commanded  by  de  Olignaucourt  and  Baptiste,  to  cross  the  Xhesiogeis 
river  below  the  fort  and  fall  upon  them  ;  but  they  refused, 
I  know  not  why  :  the  next  day  the  camp  of  the  besiegers 
was  found  abandoned.  Neuvillette  was  at  once  detached 
in  pursuit ;  but  after  marching  three  leagues,  found  them 
embarked  on  four  vessels  of  about  sixty  tons,  and  descend- 
ing the  river  with  a  favorable  wind.' 

He  fired  on  them,  to  give  them  the  idea  that  the  In- 
diana were  in  pursuit,  and  then  returned  to  the  fort.  In 
this  siege  we  had  only  one  soldier  killed,  another  had  both 
legs  carried  off  by  one  of  our  cannon,  and  a  third  was 
maimed  by  his  gun  bursting  in  his  liands.  The  precipi- 
atiou  with  which  the  EugUsh  retired,  induceil  the  belief, 
that  they  did  not  come  off  as  well.  Bciforo  embarking 
they  burned  two  or  three  houses,  and  loft  near  the  mouth 
of  the  river,  two  settlers  whom  they  had  brought  from 
Beaubassin  with  their  wives  and  children ;  but  no  infor- 
mation could  be  obtained  from  them  as  to  the  enemy's 
loss." 

While  the  English  were  thus  severely  handled  in  Acadia,  „   . . 

"  •'  '  Posilion   of 

preparations  were  making  to  expel  them  from  Newfound-  t'l*^  English 

J-       ij  .    °  "^  and  trench 

land,  where  thej'  occupied  quite  a  number  of  posts,  almost    i"  ><i=«'- 

'^  foundhvnd. 

all  on  the  east  side  of  the  island.  They  had  even  very 
important  settlements,  with  easy  communication  from  one 
to  another  by  roads  opened  through  the  woods.  Several 
of  the  settlers  were  very  rich,  and  by  their  own  admission 
their  trade  amounted  to  seventeen  millions  a  year.  In  a 
word  they  constituted  a  power  in  Newfoundland  which 
might  render  them  absolute  masters  of  the  richest,  easiest, 
and  most  extensive  commerce  in  the  world,  and  one  re- 
quiring least  outlay,  the  codfisheries. 

We  were,  from  having  taken  as  good  measures,  to  share 


III 


'  Villebon,  Journal  de  ce  qui  s'est 
passe  k  I'Acailio,  Canada,  Doc,  II., 
viii ,  1-28- 

'•'  Cliurcli    in   his  Indian   Ware, 


"  Hutchinson's    Hist.    Massacbu 
sotts,  ii.,  pp.  98-9.     Hathorne'.s  Jour- 
nal, n^fcrrt'd  to  by  Churcli,  in  his 
hxliaii  Wars,  seems  no  longer  ex- 
tant. 


Hii.r 


I 


84 


1696. 


Cliarnctcr 

of  the 

Governor 

of  Pliiecmiii 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

it  with  them.  The  colony  of  Placentia,  though  lying  on 
one  of  the  finest  and  most  commodious  harbors  in  America, 
was  not  to  br  compared  with  the  meanest  of  their  settle- 
ments. A  cotemporary  author,  and  eye-witness  of  what 
he  assorts,  declares  that  the  richest  of  our  settlers  was 
not  more  comfortably  lodged  than  one  is  on  shipboara ; 
that  all  were  reduced  there  to  a  ration  a  day,  that  is  to 
say,  to  a  sailor's  portion  ;  that  no  one  was  in  a  condition 
to  assist  the  poor,  or  the  sick,  and  that  they  had  not  even 
taken  the  trouble  to  erect  an  hospital. 

Tlio  fort  at  Placentia  was  none  too  good,  diniuu'ty  of 
approach  constituting  its  main  strc  agth,  and  the  whole 
garrison  at  the  governor's  disposal  was  eighteen  soldiers, 
to  whom  on  an  emergency  might  be  added  eighty  fisher- 
men, botli  little  experienced  in  war,  and  not  to  be  de- 
pended upon  for  sudden  action. 

Mr.  de  Brouillan,  whom  we  have  already  seen  repulsing 
the  English  before  his  post,  was  still  governor.  He  was 
a  brave  m'an,  an  intelligent  and  experienced  officer ;  but 
ho  had  not  the  tact  of  winning  the  attachment  either  of 
those  under  his  orders,  or  of  those  whom  the  cod-fishery 
di'ew  to  his  district.  A  desire  for  accumulating  property 
seldom  fails  to  produce  this  unfortunate  result ;  it  serv(.8 
at  least  as  a  pretext,  and  gives  occasion  to  accuse  of  vio- 
lence and  vexations,  those  who  cannot  repress  or  conceal 
this  passion.  Unfortunately  de  Brouillan  had  at  least  the 
reputation  of  being  a  grasping  and  interested  man,  and 
the  king's  service  suffered  as  much  as  his  glory. 

As  to  religion,  no  one  knew  over  well,  whether  the  En- 
glish on  Newfoundland  had  one,  for  in  this  great  number 
of  pretty  well  settled  posts,  not  a  single  minister  was  to 
be  seen.  From  this  resulted  such  a  laxity  of  morals,  uhat 
in  tlio  misfortunes  which  we  shall  see  overtaking  them,  the 
wisest  acknowledged  the  hand  of  God  pressing  heavily 


'  Do  Brouillan  was  made  Gov- 
ernor of  Placentia  in  1600,  a  Clie- 
valier  ofSt  I-ouis  in  1(!98,  C'ommnn 
dant  ill  Acudiu  iu   1701,  (ioviiuor  in 


1703,  Daniel,  ii.,  p.  346  ;  he  remained 
in  office  till  his  death  at  Chibouctou 
S^ept.  33,  1T(»6,  Canada  Poc,  HI., 
ii.,  p.  055.     Tost  172. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


35 


upon  them.'  There  was  no  abundance  and  luxury  to  troato  1696. 
such  disorders  among  the  French,  who  most  frequently  '  -'~'~^^ 
lacked  what  was  absolutely  necessary ;  but  for  the  mo^t 
part  they  were  not  loss  bereft  of  spiritual  than  of  temporal 
aid,  and  io  prompt  men  to  turn  to  God  in  necessity  and 
endure  misery  with  ber^oming  Christian  patience  requires 
instruction  at  least  in  the  gi'eat  principles  of  Christianity. 

Such  was  the  situation  of  the  two  Eui'opean  Colonies,  Hc  acts  out 
which  divided  the  island  of  Newfoundland,  when  Mr.  d'Ibor-  st.  John. 
ville  proposed  to  tho  court  to  '  :'ing  all  under  the  king's 
jurisdiction.  As  his  Pemquit  expedition  had  detained 
them  longer  on  the  coast  of  Acadia  than  he  had  expected 
to  be  there,  he  did  not  reach  Placontia  till  the  twelfth  of 
September.'  Mr.  de  Brouillan,  who  according  to  their 
agreements  was  to  wait  for  them  there  till  the  end  of  Au- 
gust, had  sailed  three  days  before  with  the  king's  ship 
Pelican,  and  eight  St.  Malo  vessels,  the  Count  do  Thou- 
louse,  the  Philippeaux,  and  the  Diamond,  three  corvettes 
and  two  fire-ships,  to  proceed  to  attack  St.  John.  This 
was  the  English  headquarters,  and  the  port  where  tho 
IZing  of  England's  vessels  generally  entered.' 

Although  he  had  certain  information  that  tho  English 
were  aware  of  his  project,  he  did  not  think  it  his  duty  to 
use  dispatch  and  attack  the  coast  where  they  were  loss  ou 
tlieir  guard,  and  preferrod  to  await  a  favorable  wind  to 
proceed  to  St.  John.  But  as  ho  rode  ten  or  twelve  leagues 
outside  the  harbor,  the  weather  became  so  bad,  and  the 
sea  so  stormy,  that  the  ships  that  accompanied  him  were 
for  a  long  time  driven  from  him.  They  rallied  at  lust 
^even  or  eight  leagues  from  land,  aud  it  was  resolved  to 
delay  entering  tho  harbor  no  longer. 

He  was  only  cannon- shot  distant,  when  he  seizeil  a  sloop, 
apparently  coming  out  to  observe,  and  ou  board  he  found 
tho   Sieur  lies,  commandant  of   an  EngJsh  ship  of  war 


He  is 

unftble  to 
enter. 


■:,<  S 


'    De  la     I'othi'rio,     Histoire    ili^  ^AllK'■l•iqlll^  St^it  ,  i..  p.  '^4,  ami  tho 

rAiiu'ri(|ii(^  S>'i)teutrioiinl(!,  i.,  ]).  i)3.  Hist.  Brit.  Kiiipiie  in  America,  pp. 

'■'('unaila  Uoc,  h.,  viii.,  p.  41.  141-2,  meutiou  also   the   Vendoinu 

'  Do    la    I'othorie,    Uistoiru    du  (VeiidiUige,)  and  Harcour. 


36 


111S'R»UV   Oc  NKW  KUAMK 


1696. 


t 


111-  tukos 
several 


chIKhI"  Lo  Solilatdi'  I'liso.'"  From  this  tjlHcc'r  lio  loiiniPil 
that  tlioro  woio  forty  ships  at  St.  John,  soiuu  oarr}  iu}^ 
from  oightoou  to  tliirty-two  ^uus moiiuttnl.  This  iiifonua- 
tioii  dill  not  i)ro(hico  any  chaugti  iu  !iis  phms,  ami  ho  |)ro- 
paroil  to  himl  at  tlio  ontrLUCO  of  tho  Jiarbor,  at  nightfall, 
but  having  1hh)u  carrioil  six  longuoH  sonth  by  tho  tido,  in 
spito  of  all  his  olVorta  to  keop  hia  position,  his  plan  failoil. 

Other  currents  thon  took  him,  without  his  porcoiving  it, 
opposite  a  bay  called  Baboul,  a  corruption  of  Cayoboul, 
to  which  he  had  two  days  previously  dispatched  the  Phi- 
lippeaux  and  the  Comte  do  Thoulouse  to  seize  that  post 
and  cai)ture  the  Zephyr,  au  English  ship  of  war,  and  two 
merchantmen  ut  anchor  there.  But  these  two  vessels 
having  failed  to  approach  the  laud,  rejoined  Mr.  dn 
Brouiliau.  That  governor  wished  to  try  whether  fortune 
would  not  be  more  propitious  to  him,  and  in  fact  entered 
the  bay  under  a  light  wind,  whicli  fell  entirely  while 
he  was  manoeuvring  to  attack  the  Zephyr. 

Tlie  lire  of  live  small  forts,  which  he  thon  received,  did 
not  prevent  his  ordering  t  vo  landing  parties,  one  on  the 
left  under  his  nephew,  Mr.  do  St.  Ovido,"  and  tho  other  on 
tho  right  under  the  command  of  the  Sieur  do  I'llermite,* 
Major  of  riaceutia.  Both  succeeded ;  rHermite  drove 
the  English  from  two  batteries,  which  galled  the  French 
shi^is  considerably  ;  St.  Ovide  captured  two  forts  into 
which  the  captain  of  the  Zephyr  had  retired  with  the 
greatest  part  of  his  crow,  antl  a  considerable  number  of 
settlers  who  tied  to  the  woods. 


'  Hon.  Ambnwe  Shea  represents 
Newfoundluutl  Arcliivesus  iiev.)id  of 
contemix)riirv  ilociinients. 

*  Hist.  Hrit.  Enii>iri',  pi'-  141-3, 
Bays  tluit  Cleixsby,  utter  the  tuntlers 
fled,  tired  the  t*ui)pliire  and  ri'tired 
to  Ferry  lanil  with  liisdtUorsiind  ','>'•> 
men,  lO.l  (it  Ids  crew  iH'iiif;  tiilieii. 
He  was  tnliea  Sept.  -'l.O.  S.  'I'lie 
S\pphire  blew  u)i  wjtli  W  French. 
•  Southward  of  St.  .loliiis,  at  a  dis- 
tauee  of  ti  or  T  leagues  is  a  consider- 


able barter  named  the  Buy  of  Bulls." 
I'edley's  Newfoundland,  p,  75. 

•■  De  Si.  Oviui!  was  ensign  in  1093, 
lieutenant  in  lUill,  captain  iu  1000, 
king's  lieut^niairt  at  Phicentia  in 
170!),  and  at  Cape  Breton  in  1714, 
Daniel,  ii.,  j).  o51,  and  Governor 
172(1.  to  17aO,  if  not  longer.  N.  Y. 
Col.  1>(«-..  ix.,  p.  10;U. 

■•  I/Ilerni'.tc>  in  supposed,  by  Dan- 
iel, to  have  been  lost  on  theChameau 
in  1735. 


IIISTOUV  OK  NKW  KUANt'E. 


37 


Mr.  do  I3ronillaii  tliou  wished  to  loturu  to  St.  Juliu,  '^'y6. 
])iiHsiouiitoly  doHiiouH  of  captmiiif^  it  without  d'lboiviilu'n 
iissiHtiuico  ;  but  a  mlHimdoistiiudiug  botwoeii  liim  aud'tlio 
St.  Malo  iiiou  obliged  him  to  stoer  to  Foiiilou,  which  lio 
carried  Hwoni  iu  hand,  in  Hpito  of  tho  vigorcni.s  rosistiuice 
of  Sicur  Clasby,  captain  of  tho  Zephyr,  who  was  mado 
priaouer  with  all  his  men.  Aiguefort,  Froacuao  uml 
llognouao,  cost  him  only  tho  trouble  of  a  march  overland, 
for  ho  found  those  posts  deserted,  lie  declared  that  h.iJ 
tho  St.  Malo  men  obeyed  his  orders,  they  would  have  cap- 
tured a  great  many  merchantmen,  which  were  in  all  these 
ports.  Nevertheless  ho  took  about  thirty  in  this  expedi- 
tion, after  which  he  returned  to  Placentia,  less  flattered 
by  these  minor  successes,  than  mortified  at  his  failure  to 
take  St.  John,  and  much  incensed  at  tho  St.  Malo  men, 
who  in  return  complained  loudly  of  him. 

He  arrived  at  his  post  on  the  17th  of  October,  and  there  lu.  ,,,ii,iii  i: 
found  d'Iberville,  who  had  been  unable  to  join  him  from  j.  iru-viiii. 
want  of  provisions.  Ho  had  not  however  lost  his  time  ;  for 
after  several  excursions  to  recoimoitro  the  country,  after 
receiving  by  tho  Wesp  and  Postilion  the  reinforcements 
of  men  and  tho  provisions  he  expected  from  (Quebec,  he 
made  his  prei)aratious  to  go  and  attack  Carbonuiere,  tiie 
most  northerly  English  post.  He  was  on  the  point  of 
sailing  thither,  when  Mr.  do  Brouillan  landed  at  Placentia. 
He  imparted  his  design  to  that  governor,  but  the  latter 
flatly  declared  that  he  did  not  relish  the  project  and 
would  not  consent  to  it,  and  that  if  dTbervillo  persisted, 
he  would  prevent  tlie  Canadians  from  accompanying  him. 

D'Iberville  knew  him   well  enough  to  fear  that,  if  he 

The 
gainsayod  him,  de  Brouillan  would  force  matters  to  some  Ciimui/iins 

disastrous  extremity.     He   accordingly   deemed  it  better 

to  yield,  resolved  even  to  sail  back  to  France,  and  leave 

the  Governor  of  Placentia  ii  command  of  an  expedition  in 

which  he  despaired  of  acting  in  concert  witli  him  ;  but  the 

Cauadiaiia  no  sooncn-  learned  this  re.solve,  than  they  all  to 

a  man  declared,  that  they  were  bound  to  lum  alone  ;  that 

they  had  Frontenac's  orders  to  recognize  him  as  their  com- 


ri.si;  111 

lavor  of 

d'lljerville. 


la^r 


ami 


V-M  i 


li': 


38 


1 6y6. 


Tho  two 
comiaiind- 

ors  arc 
rccoucikd. 


\  .'- 


UlBTOllY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

manclor,  and  tliat  thoy   would  return  to  Quebec  sooner 
than  accept  another. 

D'lbcrvillo  was  a  Canadian,  and  no  one  did  more  honor 
to  his  native  land ;  ho  was  accordingly  tho  idol  of  his 
countrymen.  In  a  word  these  bravo  Canadians  wore  the 
Tenth  Lej^iou,  who  would  tight  only  under  Crosar,  and  at 
whoso  head  Crosar  was  invincible.  Moreover  the  St.  Malo 
men  complained  bitterly  of  the  Governor  of  Placentia, 
who  had  moreover  the  name  of  being  harsh  and  haughty 
in  commau'l,  and  there  were  never  troops  witli  whom  harsh- 
ness and  huiitnur  are  so  ineffectual  as  with  tho  Canadian 
militia,  men  nevertheless  very  easily  managed,  by  one  who 

can  take  just  the  opposite  course,  and  is  able  to  gain  their 
esteem. 

Mr.  de  Brouillan,  who  knew  the  Canadians  men  to  keep 
their  threat,  and  unable  to  deny  that  the  king  had  confided 
all  the  enterprises  to  be  undertaken  during  the  winter  to 
d'lberville,  informed  him  through  Mr.  de  Muys,  that  ho 
laid  claim  to  no  part  of  tho  booty  at  St.  John,  his  only 
ambition  being  to  share  with  him  in  that  noble  conquest. 
D'lberville  replied  that  he  was  inclined  to  begin  at  tho 
north,  for  the  reason  that  the  English  Wore  not  on  their 
guard  there,  as  they  doubtless  were  at  St.  John.  Never- 
theless, seeing  the  governor  obstinate  on  this  point,  and 
fearing  some  outbreak  among  his  Canadians,  he  yielded, 
for  peace  sake.' 

An  agreement  was  accordingly  made  between  them,  by 
which  thoy  were  to  go  to  St.  John  separately,  d'lberville 
with  his  Canadians,  and  de  Brouillan  with  the  regulars 
and  his  own  militia ;  when  they  united  the  Governor 
of  Placentia  w^as  to  have  all  the  honors  of  command ;  but 
the  booty  was  to  be  so  divided  between  the  two  corps 
that  d'lberville,  who  incurred  most  of  the  expense  of  tho 
expedition,  should  have  likewise  the  best  portion  of  the 
booty. 

Harmony   thus  being  restored  among  the  French,  de 


'  Dulu  Poilicri.'.i.,  i>,  34-5. 


III8TOHY  OP  NEWFRANCE. 


39 


Brouillan  ombarkod  ou  tho  Profond,  still  commanded  by     '  °9  • 
do  Bonnvoutuio,  who  though  a  Canadian,  and  a  friend  of 
d'Iborvillo,  set-mod  to  take  no  part  in  his  disputes  with  tho    They  sm 
Governor  of  Placontia.     Mr.  do  Mays  also  embarked  with  8t.  John, 
the  latter,  who  had  succeeded  in  gaining  that  officer  by 
giving  him  hopes  of  corannmding  tho  Canadians,  who  un- 
der any  other  circumstances  would  have  had  no  hesitation 
in  marching  under  his  orders.' 

D'Iberville  sot  out  on  tho  1st  of  November  by  land,Avith 
all  his  Canadians,  several  gentlemen  and  some  Indians. 
After  nine  days  as  severe  march  as  can  be  imagi'  le 
reached  Forillon  ;'  the  Clievalier  de  Rancogne,  a  gin,  uman 
from  Angouleme,  joined  him  next  day,  coming  from  St. 
John,  to  which  de  Brouillan  had  sent  him  with  some  sol- 
diers, to  examine  the  actual  condition  of  the  post.  On  the 
way  ho  took  an  Englishman  who  escaped  and  gave  the 
alarm  at  St.  John.  Tho  English  governor  sent  out  a  de- 
tachment in  pursuit  of  Mr.  do  Rancogne,  and  this  party 
overtook  that  officer,  killed  ono  man,  wounded  another 
and  took  four  prisoners.  Rancogne  escaped  almost  alono, 
having  marched  twenty-four  days  by  frightful  roads,  and 
passed  several  without  food.' 

On  the  12th,  d'lberville  went  u,ii)no  by  boat  to  Rognouse, 
the  appointed  rendezvous,  to  confer  with  Mr.  de  Brouillan, 
but  was  taken  aback,  on  his  asking  what  he  deemed  best 
to  do,  by  that  governor  replying,  that  his  men  must  await 
him  at  Forillon,  to  which  he  would  proceed  at  onco  ;  that 
they  would  thence  go  to  St.  John  in  boats  together,  while 
the  Profond  sailed,  so  as  to  bo  off  tho  harbor  when  they 
arrived  ;  that  moreover  he  laid  claim  to  half  the  booty  to 
bo  taken  at  St.  John.  D'Iberville  replied  that  this  was  not 
their  agreement;  Brouillan  denied  having  treated  with 
him  on  any  other  basis,  and  gave  him  to  understand  that 
he  would  not  recede  from  his  claim. 

D'Iberville  restrained  himself,  and  resolved  to  part  com- 


Qnnrrcl 
iiguin. 


10  ? 


'  Ciinada  Doc,  II.,  viii.,  p.  48.    De 
In  Pot  bene  i.,  p.  30, 


''  Canada  Doc.,  II.,  vlii.,  p.  49. 
"Do  1ft  Potherie.i,,  p.  37-8. 


40 


JIIHTOHYOF     N'KW   I'i:.\N(  K. 


Another 
reconcilia- 
tion. 


1696.  pany  witlioiit  a  word.  Ho  ho  wrote  Mr.  do  Pontclmrtrftin, 
as  soon  as  lio  returned  to  Forillon,  additjg  that  it  was  a 
compulsory  stop  for  him  to  act  so,  ns  lio  had  to  doal  with 
a  man  to  wliom  ho  could  no  longer  speak  without  risking 
a  personal  collision,  and  to  whom  he  thought  it  his  duty 
not  to  give  uj  his  Canadians,  because  they  wore  not  men  to 
submit  to  such  treatment  as  ho  hud  given  the  men  of  St. 
Malo.  Mr.  do  Brouillau  apparently  suspected  his  design, 
and  informt.l  him  that  he  yielded.  D'Ibervillo  never 
showed  himself  hard  to  appease,  and  the  reconciliation 
appeared  sincere  on  both  sides ;  tlie  two  commandants 
set  out  together  for  the  Bayo  de  TouUo,'  which  is  on  tho 
road  from  llognouso"  to  St.  John. 

On  the  way  thoy  met  tho  Siour  do  Plaino,  a  Canadian 
gentleman,  sent  out  on  a  scout  by  d'Iborvillo,  and  now  re- 
turning with  twelve  prisoners.  From  thorn  it  was  ascer- 
tained that  there  wei-o  a  hundred  and  ten  English  at  Baye  de 
Toulle,  and  that  all  who  had  abandoned  the  posts  taken  by 
the  Governor  of  Placcntia,aud  the  Ht.  Malo  men,  had  merely 
lost  their  houses,  which  they  expected  to  rebuild  in  tho 
spring,  and  carry  on  their  fishery  as  usual.  This  con- 
firmed dTberville  in  his  opinion  that  the  English  posts  on 
that  island  must  be  attacked  by  the  woods,  because  in  this 
way  he  could  capture  all  thoy  possos.sed,  and  they  would 
not  know  where  to  take  refuge.  This  induced  him  to  send 
tlie  Profond  to  Franco.  It  sailed  on  the  22nd,  after  taking 
on  be  -d  all  the  prisoners  that  d'Iborvillo  considorod  at 
his  disposal. 

The  Governor  of  Placontia  awaited  only  this  departure 
to  drop  the  mask.  Ho  began  by  claiming  that  all  tho 
aeUrouiiiiin  Canadians  should  bo  under  his  orders  ;  ho  appointed  Mr. 
de  Miiys  to  command  them,  declaring  that  he  would  brain 
the  first  who  refused  to  obey  him.  Ho  then  told  d'lbcr- 
ville  that  he  might  go  where  ho  pleased,  with  his  voluu- 
teors.  Tho  latter  then,  when  too  late,  saw  the  f-nare  laid 
for  him  by    Mr.  de  Brouillan  to  induce  him  to  send  off  the 


Bad  fiiitli 
imd  now 
oluima  of 


'  Do  la  Potherif,  i.,  p.  29,  says  Baje-        '  Hanoiis    on    Charlevoix's    map. 
boullo,  tliiit  ii-  Bay  of  Bulls;  ante  p.  '.W.     Iteuowos  ou  modern  mups. 


IlIHTOHY  OK  NKVV  KIIAN(;K. 


41 


They  are 

iniiuiiillv 
iippcunuj. 


Profoiul,  and  SO  comptil  him  to  roinaiu  on  Nowfoundland       1696. 
whcro  ho  would,  not,  bo  sorry  to  nim^  liini  out  of  Hi>ito  stiuiil 
witli  folded  arms,  whilo  ho  had  all  tiio  honor  and  profit  of 
reducing  St.  John. 

Yot  tho  govorxior  was  not  froo  from  nuoasinoHH,  on  tho 
score  of  tho  CanudiaiiH  ;  ho  folt  that  Iio  was  about  to  light 
up  a  civil  war,  in  which  ho  would  not  porhaps  bo  tho 
stronger :  nor  was  ho  oven  siiro  of  having  in  his  favor  all 
tho  men  from  his  own  jurisdiction  ;  mor«>ovor  ho  had  too 
much  sonso  not  to  forosnc  that  tho  consoquonccs  of  this 
affair,  result  as  it  might,  could  not  fail  to  bo  disastrous, 
and  would  l)o  laid  to  him. "  On  tho  other  hand,  d'lborvillo, 
naturally  moderate,  did  nothing  to  fan  the  firo,  and  re- 
solved to  leu\o  tho  Governor  of  Placontia  in  tho  wrong 
completely.  Yet  ho  was  not  a  little  embarrassed  liimself, 
by  tixe  inability,  to  which  he  was  reduced,  of  fulfilling  his 
engagements  with  tho  Canadians,  and  bo  feared  that  he 
had  not  sufiicient  authority  over  thorn,  to  prevent  their 
righting  themselvos  by  force  of  arms.  These  reflections, 
calmly  made  on  both  sides,  produced  a  third  reconciliation. 
There  were  mutual  promises,  to  discuss  nothing  more, 

Tho  army  at  once  moved  for  Bay  do  TouUe,  which  is  six  Tim  nrmy 
leagues  from  Forillon,'  and  arriving  thoro  the  same  day  "ai'^^Jo^n"" 
found  an  Enghsh  vessel  of  a  hundred  tons,  abandoned  by 
the  crew,  who  had  fled  to  tho  woods  with  all  tho  inhabi- 
tants of  the  place.  On  the  24th,  d'Iberville  sent  out  several 
detachments  of  Canadians  as  scouts,  all  of  wliich  took 
prisoners,  and  on  the  26th,  tho  day  fixed  for  their 
departure  from  Bay  do  TouUo,  he  liimself  took  the  lead 
with  seven  Canadians  to  seize  a  height,  from  which  tho 
English  mighthave  reconnoitred  his  army  and  impeded  hia 
marcli.' 

After  advancing  about  three  leagues,  he  camo  upon  ono  of  vigoroM 
his  parties,  which  had  pushed  through  to  St.  Jc  )in,  and  kept  j?[k  ""mV' 
it  with  liim.     \.  little  farther  on  lie  saAv  thirty  EuglishiiK'U 
who  had  discovered  his  army ;  he  pursued  them,  and  with 


FL'rryland  Point. 


'  Do  la  Potherif,  i.,  p.  30. 


,1 


M(llltl|r|iy> 
<'X|llllltH. 


1IIST(>|;\   OK  NKW   KUANCK. 

tliciu  <'nf('n'il  a  littlu  liiirlior,  from  wliicli  tln'v  liiul  cojno, 
croHsod  a  vory  riipid  river,  up  to  his  wuiHt  iu  wiitcr,  curried 
by  nHHiiult  ft  kind  of  introncliiamit,  wliicli  the  Eiii^lish  do- 
feiidod  quite  well,  and  roinaiued  niastor  of  the  linrbor.  Tii(( 
eneiuy  lost  thirty-six  ia(3H,  kilh'd  on  tho  Hpot,  with  siweral 
taken  ;  the  rest  escaped  to  St.  Joiiu.' 

Tliat  ovoning  tho  army  joined  d'lhorviUe  in  tho  sauio 
place,  and  there  ho  was  obliged  to  remain  all  tho  next  day, 
by  a  snow  so  thick  that  it  darkened  tho  air,  and  lasted  till 
night.  Montigny,  who  could  not  remain  inactive,  and  who 
was  the  most  troublesomo  neighbor  tliat  tlio  English  could 
have,  in  spito  of  tho  storm  made  a  rocoimoissauco  through 
tho  woods,  and  brought  iu  several  prisoners.  He  was  tho 
same  ofticer  who  was  wounded  at  tho  attack  on  Hchonec- 
tady.'and  who  greatly  distinguished  himself  at  the  siego  of 
Penikuit. 

On  the  morniug  of  tho  28th,  tho  whole  army  marched  in 
ordei',  Montigny  with  thirty  other  Canadians  in  the  van, 
fivo  hundred  paces  ahead  of  the  main  body.  Do  Brou- 
illau  and  d'Ibervillo  followed  at  tho  head  of  tlio  troops,' 
having  witli  them  Nescambiouit,'  an  Abenaqui  chief,  ft 
bravo  man,  who  was  at  Vorsaillos  in  1700  caressed  and 
loaded  with  presents  by  tho  kiug.  The  garrison  of  Pla- 
centia  was  at  the  head,  but  it  was  agreed  that  tho  Cana- 
dians were  to  begin  the  attack. 

After  a  march  of  two  hours  and  a  half,  Montigny  saw 
within  pistol-shot  a  body  of  oighty-eight  English,  ;idvani;i- 
geously  posted  behind  some  rocks.  He  fired  upon  them 
without  liositatiou,  and  they,  seeing  only  thirty  men,  ro- 
plied  with  a  volley  of  musketry,  and  awaited  thorn  iu  tlieir 
post  with  great  resolution.  Montigny  held  fitm  on  his. 
side,  keeping  up  a  constant  fire  while  awaiting  tho  army, 
which  soon  came  up.     Do  Brouillan  attacked  tho  enemy 


'  Canada  Documents,  II.  viii.,  p. 
58.    De  la  Pothura\  i.,  \>.  -n. 

''  Ante,  vol.  iv.,  I).  VIT). 

3  Caniuia  nooumcntH,  II.  viii..  i). 
53,  Do  la  Potlicric,  i.,  (i.  ;ll. 

*  Do  111  r:r;liirii!  I'iills  liiiii  !  itnro 


Jeanbeovilh,  p.  87,  thi!  print. t  liiiv- 
inj;  uiadt!  tlie  liint  liitd'n into  I'iti'i'o 
Jean  instond  ol'  Ni'^caui,  and  tljcn 
in  dospttir  nindc  Ih'ovIHi  out  of 
biouit. 


IIIHIDIIY  OK  NKW  FHANCE. 


48 


ill  front,  wliili)  (VIlxTvilln  turncil  to  tlio  left,  to  tako  tlioni    'S'/'- 
(III  tilt'  flank  uii|>rnt('(;t((l  \>y  tin'  lork.  — "f— ' 

Tliisy  f()ir,'lit  woll,  liixt  iiftcr  liiilf  ;vii  hour'n  dcftiiico,  giivo  d,  (,.,it  „f  ,i 
wiiy  on  nil  siiloH.  l)'n)fivillt\  followed  by  a  small  iiuml»(»r  '"'tn. luV.""' 
of  tho  most  ivlort  ('iin.iiliiviiH,  pnrsinMl  tiio  fuj^itivos  iit  tlio 
])oiut  of  the  swonl,  iind  (Irovd  tlioni  lif^'litiiif^  to  St,  John, 
which  was  only  three  quartttrs  of  a  le(v;^'no  distiint,'  Ho 
reached  it  a  quarter  of  au  hour  before)  llio  army,  and  in  that 
bhort  time  had  seized  two  forts  and  made  thirty-throo 
prisonoiH.  The  people  of  St.  John  had  depondcd  greatly 
on  the  eighty-eight  men  just  defeated,  and  when  they  waw 
the  French  enter  the  town  with  tlio  roHt,  tlioy  were  seized 
with  such  a  panic  that  had  d'Iberville  had  a  hundred  men 
with  him,  he  would  also  have  taken  by  Htorm  a  thiid  fort 
held  by  two  hundred  men. 

In  the  action  just  described,  the  enemy  lost  fifty-tivo 
men.  Mr.  de  Brouillan  did  wonders,  aP'l  Lad  his  trumpeter 
killed  by  his  side  :  three  others  of  'is  men  were  wounded 
and  two  Canadians  killed.  The  ^Mildiers  of  the  garrison 
of  Placentia  did  their  duty  very  will ;  but  it  was  remarked 
that  they  needed  a  few  camiiaigns  against  tho  Indians  in 
Canada,  to  leai'n  to  cover  themselves  while  uncovering  the 
enemy.  This  is  d'Iberville's  reflection  in  his  report  on 
the  campaign  made  to  tho  Count  de  rmitchartrain. 

The  army,  on  entering  the  town  of  Kt  John,  perceived  a 
vessel,  on  which  many  of  the  English  had  taken  refuge, 
crowding  sail  to  leave  the  jiort,  and  it  was  subsequently 
ascertained  that  they  had  taken  aboard  the  most  jireciotis 
articles  from  the  private  houses.  Tho  fort,  still  to  be 
taken,  was  surrounded  by  a  palisade  eight  feet  high,  but 
was  otherwise  in  a  -wretched  condition.  The  army  en- 
camped in  tho  houses  of  tho  town,  and  a  summons  was 
sent  to  the  governor  through  a  woman,  one  of  tlie  pris- 
oners.    Tho  governor  retained  her  and  gave  no  answer. 

Concluding  that  ho  had  determined  to  dcf(>nd  the  place, 
they  sent  at  once  to  13ay  de  Toulle  for  tlio  mortars,  can- 


Slriie  of 

Kurt 
St.  .ImIiii. 


I  Canada  Ducumentb,  II.,  viii.,  p.  Hi. 


1696. 


>  I 


44  mSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

nons  and  munitions,  loft  there.    On  the  night  of  the  29th 
and  the  ^Oth  de  Muys  and  de  Moutigny  wore  ordered  witli 
sixty  Canadians  to  burn  the  houses  nearest  the  fort,  and 
those  beyond.     D'Iborville   and  Nescambiouit  advanced 
with  thirty  picked  men  to  support  them,  and  the  Governor 
of  Placoutia  drew  up  all  his  men  in  line  to  march,  if  re- 
quired, to  their  assistance.    The  houses  were  burned,  and 
on  the  30th  an  English  soldier  came  out  of  the  fort  with  a 
white  flag. 
nor'swlTto      ^"  *^®  propositions  made  by  him,  an  interview  outside 
^French'"  *'^*®  ^'^^'^  ^^^^  agreed  to,  the  governor  not  wishing  the 
iu  iiopes  of  li^rcnch  to  see  its  ^\  retched  condition.     In  fact  all  the 

spcwrty 

relief,  strength  of  St.  John  was  to  the  seaward,  as  ';ihe  English 
had  never  dreamed  of  an  attack  from  the  land  side.  The 
governor  came  to  the  place  of  meeting  with  four  of  the 
chief  men  of  the  town.  Mr.  de  Brouillau  submitted  his 
terms,  and  he  asked  till  the  next  day  to  reply.  He  merely 
sought  to  gain  time,  as  he  had  sighted  two  largo  vessels 
which  had  for  two  days  been  tacking  to  endeavor  to  mn  in 
the  harbor  ;  but  his  design  was  seen,  and  he  was  told  that 
he  must  decide  instantly,  or  an  assault  would  be  ordered. 
Being  in  no  condition  to  withstand  it,  he  agreed  to  sur- 
render that  very  day,  on  the  following  conditions  :  1st,  That 
two  vessels  should  be  given  him  to  carry  him  and  all  his 
people  to  England ;  2d,  That  no  one  should  be  searched  ; 
3r(l,  That  such  of  the  English  as  wished  to  go  to  Bonnavista 
might  do  so  in  all  security.  This  capitulation  was  signed 
on  the  part  of  the  French  only  by  the  Governor  of  Pla- 
ceutia,  who  did  not  even  show  d'Iberville  tht  courtesy  of 
presenting  it  to  him.  That  officer  was  not  insensible  to 
this ;  but  dissembled  wisely  as  he  had  done  on  other  and 
more  important  occasions.' 

The  English  governor,  aftoj."  signing,  re-entered  his  fort, 
and  a  moment  after  came  forth  with  two  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  besides  women  and  children.  He  had  only  one  sol- 
dier w^ounded  in  a  skirmish,  when  the  French  were  recon- 


He 

Burreiulers. 


I    ; 


I  Cnnnda  Documents,  II.,  viii.,  p.  53-0,  De  In  Potliorii',  i.,  p.  01-7. 


HISTOIIY  OK  NEW  FlUNCE. 


45 


uoiti'i-iiig  tlio  fort :  but  this  whole  garrison  was  made  up  of     '^'V^- 
liUlo  more  thau  wrotched  tlshermen,  who  could  scarcely     -''  r^^ 
tiro  a  guu,  aud  their  couimaudaut  was  merely  a  farniur  coiuiuion 
chosen  by  tlie  ship  captaius  aud  holding  uo  royal  commis-     yiaoc. 
siou.      The  fort  was  quite  good,  but  out  of   everything. 
The   garrison   had   not   supplies   for    twenty-four    hours 
longer,  nor  a  bit  of  wood  to  warm  themselves ;  they  had 
in    fact  but  just  thrown   themselves   into  the  fort  when 
d'Iberville  appeared  in  the  town.' 

Still  yt.  John  is  a  very  fiuo  harbor,  able  to  hold  more  Position  of 
than  two  hundred  shijjs ;  its  entrance  is  only  a  gun-shot 
wide,  between  two  very  high  moiintains,  aud  was  defended 
by  a  battery  of  eight  pieces.  At  that  time  there  were 
reckoned  sixty,  all  well  placed  on  the  nortli  side  aud 
houses  extending  half  a  league  along  the  Grove.  The  fort 
just  mentioned  was  only  a  cannon-shot  from  the  entrance 
of  the  port. 

The  two  ships,  that  had  not  been  able  to  come  in  time 
to  relieve  the  place,  on  seeing  it  taken  had  no  alternative 
but  to  return  to  England,  us  they  did  at  once.  On  the 
'Jd  of  December,  Montigny  was  sent  with  twelve  men  to 
Portugalcoue'  in  Conception  Bay,  th  'ee  leagues  from  St. 
John,  to  arrest  a  great  number  of  fugitives,  who  were  seek- 
ing refuge  at  Carbonniero,  and  he  took  thirty.  Dougue  de 
Boisbriand,  a  Canadian  gentleman,  took  even  more  pris- 
oners at  a  place  called  Kirividi,'  tliree-quarters  of  a  league 
from  St.  John,  and  in  a  few  days  the  number  exceeded  a 
hundred. 

Hitherto  the  two  leaders  had  ap2)arently  acted  in  st.  •loiin 
concert ;  but  when  they  came  to  divide  the  booty  their  abaiuVonud. 
mutual  animosity  revived,  and  had  well-nigh  come  to  a 
violent  rupture.  This  new  fire  having  been  smothered  by 
prudent  mediators,  and  by  the  moderation  of  d'Iberville,  the 
Governor  of  Placeutia  proposed  to  keep  St.  John  and  put 
it  under  the  command  tf  Mr.  de  Muys.  D'Jborvillo  con- 
sented, but  on  condition  that  no  Canadian  should  remain, 


'fk 


'  CaiuKiii  Docuinciits,  II  viii.,  p.  57,        '  Kiviili  in  Di'  In  Piithcric,  1.,  p. 
''  Purtugul  Cuvf.  JB. 


46 


U ISTURY  OF  NEW  FRANt  E. 


i6y6. 


r? 


Conque8t3 

of  thu 

Cixniuliivus 

ill  New- 

foundlanj. 


as  ho  had  not  one  too  many,  he  said,  for  the  expeditions 
he  had  in  view.' 

De  Muys  would  not  take  the  proffered  command  on  that 
condition,  and  the  resolution  was  adopted  and  at  once  car- 
ried out,  to  abandon  the  conquest  after  burning  the  forts 
and  in  general  all  the  houses  still  standing.  This  done,  de 
Brouillau  and  de  Muys  prepared  to  return  to  Placentia, 
and  d'Ibervillo  thought  only  of  continuing  the  war  with 
the  gallant  men  who  had  devoted  themselves  to  his  for- 
tunes. 

In  this  he  spent  two  months,  at  the  end  of  which  the 
English  had  nothing  left  in  Newfoundland  except  Bonna- 
vista  and  Carbonniere  Island."  The  former  of  these 
two  posts  was  too  well  fortified  to  be  insulted  by  so  small 
a  body  of  men,  marching  over  the  snow  and  almost  always 
over  roads  impracticable  to  any  one  but  Canadians  and  In- 
dians, men  who  could  at  most  carry  their  guns  and  swords, 
with  enough  provisions  to  prevent  their  starving  to  death. 

Carbonniere  Island  is  inapproachable  in  winter,  how  ill 
soever  it  is  defended,  and  more  than  three-hundred  Eng- 
lish had  taken  refuge  there  from  other  places  captured 
from  them.  The  sea  is  very  rough  there  at  all  seasons, 
and  the  waves  then  formed  a  rampart,  thai  a  whole  army 
with  good  artillery  would  never  have  carried.  Had  d'lber- 
ville  been  fi'ee  to  begin  his  operations  there,  he  would 
have  found  this  island  almost  viudefended,  and  much  moio 
easy  of  approach.  During  the  rest  of  the  campaign  six  or 
seven  hundred  prisoners  were  taken  and  sent  to  Placentia, 
whence  most  of  them  escaped,  that  fort  not  affording 
enough  closed  places  to  secure  them.' 


I  Canada  Documents,  II..  vrii.,  p. 
63,  Dt!la  Potherie,  i.,  p.  IJG.  Do 
May,  Captuiu  in  tin-  uriny,  servel 
with  distinotion,  nnd  in  1707  wad 
apiiointed  (iovernor  ot  Louisiana, 
but  dic'<l  on  Ills  way  to  tliat  colony. 

■-'  For  t'liosc  opi^nitione,  see  Do  la 
Potlierie,  p.  39-43.  Canada  Doc, 
J.I.,  viii.,  p.  07. 

^  Montit;ni  inado  an  attuck  Jan 
30,  but  IV.iicd  ;  De  la  I'otherii',..,  44. 


Thia  officer,  La  Marquo  de  Mon- 
tlgny,  was  wounded  at  Sclieuocta- 
dy,  ante,  vol.  iv.,  p  12.),  was  sent  to 
Acidia  bct'on;  lO'J.j  Witli  tlie  In- 
dians of  Penaske  lie  tooli  an  Englisli 
fort  in  I70o :  openUid  on  Lake 
Ohamplain  in  1710;  was  sent  the 
same  year  to  aid  de  Su'.iercaae,  and 
Koon  after  visited  France  with  an 
Alx'nanui  cliief. 


.i  , 

i  ' 


},: 


IIISTOHY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


i7 


In  tliis  campaign  (J'Iberville  gave  striking  proofs  of  his  1696. 
ability,  and  was  at  every  point  where  danger  was  to  be  '  "" 
met  or  hardship  undergone  ;  next  to  him  came  Moutiguy> 
generally  in  the  van,  and  often  leaving  little  to  be  done  by 
those  who  followed  him.  After  them,  the  most  distin- 
guished were  Boucher  de  la  Perriere,  d' Amour  de  IMaine, 
Duguo  de  Boisbriand,'  all  three  Canadian  gentlemen,  and 
Nescambiouit.  There  is  no  doubt,  had  there  been  force 
enough  to  complete  this  well-advanced  conquest  and 
guard  the  posts  from  which  the  English  had  been  ex- 
pelled, they  would  have  lost  the  island  of  Newfoundland 
forever ;  but  few  men  in  France  then  saw  how  important  it 
was  to  secure  the  total  possession. 

It  must  be  admitted,  that  if  the  English  have  displayed,   Faults  of 
in  establishing  their  colonies,  an  ability  not  seen  in  any    Eni'iisii 
other  European  nation,  they  generally  take  very  little  "" „  tulw^ 
precaution  to  protect  them  against  a  surprise  or  effort  on    ™'""ics- 
the  part  of  their  ueighbors.     So  that  had  the  French  had 
as  much  perseverance  and  concerted  their  measures  for 
preserving  their  conquests  in  the  New  World  with  judg- 
ment equal  to  the  intrepidity  and  celerity  displayed  in 
effecting  them,  the  Crown  of  England  would  not  perhaps 
to  day  possess  an  inch  of  ground  on  the  continent  of  North 
America. 

The  greatest  fault  then  committed  by  the  English  in 
their  colonies,  was  the  usually  bad  selection  of  those  to 
whom  they  committed  the  command  either  of  single  posts  or 
whole  provinces.  They  wore  almost  always  men  of  fortune, 
ignorant  of  war,  never  even  iu  service,  whose  sole  merit 
was  thAr  accumulation  of  wealth  by  means  that  did  not 
presuppose  qualities  necessary  to  uphold    the  rank  to 


'  As  to  d' Amour,  see  ante  lil.  p.  15S, 
iv.  p.  40  Rene  Boucher  do  la  I'erriore 
was  the  eightli  son  of  Pierre  BoucliiT 
Sieur  de  Boucliervilk",  author  of  the 
"  Ilistdire  Veritable,"  ante,  vol.  i.,  p. 
SOandstill  revered  as  one  of  the  pat- 
triarchs  of  early  Canada.  Reue  be- 
came captain  in  17:26,  and  d'^^d  in 


August,  1713.  Daniel,  i.,  p.  Hi). 
Dufjue  do  Boisbriand  was  recom- 
mended for  an  cnsiifnoy  iu  the  navy 
iu  l(iU5  ;  maji)r  at  Biloxi,  lO'ti) ;  at 
Mol)iIe  ITKJ :  in  Illinois  in  1718-23, 
commanded  the  colony  in  Bienville's 
absonce  ;  ditid  in  1736.  Daniel,  ii., 
3»l-3tt3. 


48 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


1696. 


Why 

d'lbcrville 

did  not 

complete 

the  oou- 

qucat  of 

Newfound- 

li.iid. 


1697. 


^  -1 

i 


which  they  were  raised,  qualities  which  such  men  never 
acquire. 

On  the  other  hand,  the  English  colonists  intermingled 
with  strangers  from  all  nations,  devoted  themselves  solely 
to  the  cultivation  of  the  soil  and  their  trade.  This  un- 
fitted them  for  war,  and  hence  the  contempt  of  the  In- 
dians for  them,  a  mere  handful  having  long  held  in  check 
the  most  populous  and  flourishing  of  their  colonies.  Their 
whole  dependence  lay  in  our  levity,  inconstancy,  negligence, 
and  the  lack  of  concert  among  our  commandanta.  Through 
these  they  became  masters  of  so  many  important  posts 
from  which  we  drove  them  as  often  as  we  attacked  them. 

To  return  to  Newfoundland.  All  being  reduood  in  that 
great  island,  except  the  two  posts  mentioned,  d'Iberville 
retui'ned  to  Placentia  to  prepare  to  complete  his  conquest, 
as  he  was  unable  to  effect  it  without  the  reinforcement 
whicli  he  had  solicited  fx'om  France  through  Mr.  de  Bona- 
venture.  He  was  long  kept  waiting,  and  the  arrival  of  his 
brother,  Mr.  de  Serigny,  who  anchored  in  that  bay  on 
the  18th  of  May,  1697,  with  a  squadron  and  orders  from 
court,  compelled  him  to  renounce  that  undertaking,  to  go 
and  gather  fresh  laurels  amid  the  ice  of  Hudson's  Bay. 
But  before  relating  what  gave  rise  to  that  expedition  and 
its  success,  historical  order  requires  us  to  narrate  what 
occurred  with  the  Iroquois  after  the  destruction  of 
Onondaga. 

Frontenao  had  expected  that  the  Iroquoi'?,  who  were 
rather  stunned  than  subdued,  would  soon  resume  all  their 
pride  and  reappear  on  our  frontiers,  if  he  stopped  short  at 
what  he  had  done.  This  was  accordingly  not  his  idea ; 
but  his  misfortune  was  that  not  one  of  the  projects  which 
he  formed  for  completely  humbling  them,  succeeded  ;  and 
all  the  colonial  affairs  in  regard  to  this  war  wei  1  soon  in  the 
very  position  that  they  were  before  he  took  the  field  with 
forces  more  than  sufficient  to  crush  the  cantons  utterly. 

Towards  the  end  of  autumn,  the  Chevalier  de  Callicves 
received  orders  to  raise  a  large  party  in  his  jurisdiction, 
and   to  send  it  over  the  ice   against  the  Mohawks  :  but 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


4? 


want  of  provisions  made  it  impossible  for  him  to  obey,  '697. 
tlio  liarvost  having  been  very  poor.  Ho  so  informed  the  ''  ""' 
Governor  General,  who  ordered  him  to  send  only  fifty 
mf^n  towards  the  parts  whore  the  Iroquois  usually  gath- 
ered for  the  winter  hunt.  He  instantly  prepared  to  obey 
this  order,  and  the  detachment  commanded  was  ready  to 
march,  when  tidings  came  that  changed  their  plans. 

On  the  11th  of  January  an  Indian  of  Sault  St.  Louis,'  a 
native  of  Oneida,  and  sent  to  that  canton  to  exhort  the  in- 
habitants to  come  and  settle  ambng  us,  arrived  at  Montreal. 
On  being  asked  in  what  uxrod  he  left  his  countrymen,  he 
replied,  that  sixty  of  them,  divid'ed  into  two  parties,  Avere 
coming,  hunting  by  the  way,  to  keep  their  promise  made  to 
the  Governor  General.  He  added  that  all  the  other  Iro- 
quois had  gone  hunting  toward  the  country  of  tho  Andas- 
tes,  and  on  this  second  report  tho  force  was  disbanded.' 

Some  individuals,  however,  took  the  field  in  the  direction  Tiao  French 
of  New-York.  One  Dubos,  commanding  one  of  these  par- 
ties, after  a  lon^^  and  brave  fight  with  some  Mohcgans  and 
Mohawks,  whom  he  handled  severely,  fell  into  an  ambus- 
cade near  Albany.  Ten  out  of  sixteen,  who  composed  the 
party,  were  killed  on  the  spot,  Dubos  and  three  others 
wounded,  taken,  and  conveyed  to  Albany ;  the  remaining 
two  were  never  seen  again.'  A  second  band,  of  seven  or 
eight  Frenchmen,  met  with  not  much  better  fortune.  It 
fell  in  with  some  Indians  of  the  Mountain,  who,  taking 
them  for  English,  attacked  them.  Two  were  killed  before 
the  mistake  was  perceived,  but  Totathiron,  the  groat  chief 
of  the  Mountain,  was  also  killed,  and  this  was  a  great  loss 
for  the  colony.' 


some 
reverses. 


I  TatabSissere,  Relation,  1696-7, 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  605.  Thutha- 
kouicbere,  Do  la  Potberio,  iii.,  p.  285. 

■-■  Relation  &c.  1096-7,  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  005. 

'  Dubeau,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  is.,  p. 
OOi! :  Dubau,  de  la  Potlicrie,  iii.,  p. 
287.  IIo  died  of  bis  wounda  at  Alba- 
ny. Fh'tcberto  S!irewsbury,ONov. 
1696  ;  lb.,  iv.,  p.  2313.     His  exarnin 


ation  in  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  p.  S-ll, 
gives  big  name  Josepb  de  Boake. 
He  left  Montreal  Sept.  24.  witb  21 
Freiicb  and  one  Iiiiliiin.  Wben  near 
Kinderbook  thirteen  of  them  wt»re 
attacked;  bo  was  wounded,  and  witb 
two  otliers  eurrenilered  to  people  of 
Scbodac  A  party  purfiued  tbe  rest 
and  cut  tbeni  off. 
•  Relation  &c,  1090-7,  N.  Y.  Col. 


50 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


i697. 


Snnio 
Oncldiis 
<()iiie  to 


Tlicir 
rei:eption. 


if 


I    s 


At  last,  on  the  5tli  of  February,  thirty-tlireo  Onoidaa  ar- 
rived at  Montreal ;  come,  they  said,  to  keep  the  proniiae 
made  to  their  Father  to  range  themselves  among  his  chil- 
dren ;  that  all  the  others  had  directed  them  to  assure  him 
8''»^','J^'^"i«thattheyAvould  have  followed,  had  not  the  Moliawk  aud 
Onondaga,  between  whom  they  lay,  retained  them  each  by 
an  arm  :  that  they  had  not  however  changed  their  mind, 
and  that  if  Ononthio  would  send  some  one  to  them,  they 
would  at  once  come  to  meet  him  :  that  for  their  own  part, 
they  were  disposed  to  settle  wherever  he  chose ;  that  they 
only  wished  to  preserve  the  name  of  Oncidas ;  that  it  would 
give  them  pleasure  to  have  Father  Milet  assigned  as 
their  missionary,  who  loved  them  greatly,  in  spite  of  all 
they  had  made  him  suffer,  and  they  begged  him  to  aid 
them  in  preparing  an  abode. 

What  they  said  of  the  friendship  entertained  for  them 
by  Father  Milet  was  not  exaggerated.  That  missionary, 
with  whom  I  lived  se-'eral  years,  never  spoke  of  the 
Onoidas  except  with  esteem,  and  yet  he  had  no  obligation 
to  them,  except  the  occasion  of  great  merits  whieh  they 
afforded  him  during  his  five  years  harsh  bondage  Mr. 
de  Calliores  received  these  new  guests  very  well,  and  as- 
sured them  that  they  should  lack  nothing.  He  then  wrote 
to  the  Count  de  Frontenac  to  ascertain  his  intentions  as 
to  them,  and  received  orders  to  send  their  chief  back  to 
Oneida  to  report  to  his  countrymen  the  reception  given 
them,  and  thus  induce  the  rest  to  follow  their  example." 

This  negotiation  and  the  course  of  the  first  Oneida  party, 
gave  great  umbrage  to  the  other  cantons,  and  the  Onon- 
dagas  were  very  active  in  opposing  it.  The  Mohawks, 
more  impatient  than  the  rest  to  know  how  matters  stood  in 
regard  to  the  Onoidas,  sent  two  of  their  canton  to  Quebec, 
under  the  pretext  of  restoring  two  ladies  made  captives 
the  year  before  at  Sorel."     From  these  two  prisoners  it 


TliR  other 
Clintons 

tiiko 
uinbnige. 


Doc,  ix.,  p.  G(j(5.    Do  l.i  PotluTic,  iii. 
p.  287,  writes  Tiorliiitiriurron. 

'  De  111  I'otlioric,  iii.,  ]).   285.     N. 
Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  ]).  (m. 


''  Mademoiselle  SalvBve  and  her 
daugliter.  lb.  The  term  was  then 
applied  to  married  women  under  the 
rankoi' nolile. 


It 


lUSl'tJ.  Y  Of  NEW  FllANCE. 


51 


WHS  iiscei'tjiiiied  that  the  L*o(iuois  \vu  bof^iuniug  to  ru-  '^97- 
cover  fi'om  theii*  panic;  thiit  tho  Eni^lish  hucl  mailo  tho 
Ououdagas  proseuts  to  rcphico  their  losses  aud  iiuluco 
them  to  rebuild  their  village,  aud  that  the  Ououdagas  in 
fact  expected  that  spriuy  to  plant  tho  very  fields  laid 
waste  by  the  French. 

The  two  Mohawks  on  their  side  very  haiightily  asked  the 
Couut  de  Froutenac  whether  the  road  from  their  canton 
lo  Quebec  was  free  ;  aud  oue  of  them  said,  that  ho  posi- 
tively expected  the  restoration  of  his  son,  held  as  a  pris- 
oner in  the  colony.  Tho  general  answered,  tliat  the  first 
Iroquois  who  had  the  insolence  to  speak  so  to  him,  should 
bo  punished  on  the  spot,  but  that  he  would  pardon  them 
in  consiileration  for  the  two  captives,  whom  they  had 
brought  back,  but  that  they  must  accustom  tiiemselves  to 
lower  their  tone  before  him  ;  that  he  would  no  longer  lieiir 
a  word  from  them,  till  they  wore  perfectly  submissive  to 
his  will,  and  restored  all  the  French  still  prisoners  in 
their  hands. 

Ho  moreover  detained  them  all  the  rest  of  tlii;  ivinter,  lest 
they  might  inform  the  cantons  of  the  grounds  where  our  al- 
lies were  hunting,  and  meanwhile  ho  disiiatched  fresh  orders  .  . 
lo  Montreal  to  kecsp  up  harassing  tho  enemy  by  small  I'^ii'i""'"" 
jjaities,  so  as  to  learn  in  season  what  was  going  ou  at  New 
I'ork  and  in  tho  cantons.'  On  the  loth  ol'  May  the  In- 
dians of  Sault  St.  Louis  and  the  Mountain  ofi'ered  their 
services  to  tho  Governor  of  Montreal,  who,  on  notifying  the 
Count  de  Frontenac,  got  answer,  that  neither  the  Frencli 
nor  tho  domiciliated  Indians  should  go  far,  as  he  might 
soon  have  need  of  both. 

What  induced  this  language  was  the  arrival  meanwhile   }."''"'  \ 

"      ^  tioii   scut 

of  the  Bieur  Vincelotte,  Canadian,  coming  overlund  from   I'in'  fi'>m 

'  "  the  Court 

Mount  Desert  near  Pentagoet,  whence  Mr.  de  Gabaret  had 

landed    him.      Ho    handed    Frontenac    dispatches    from 

Court  giving  him  intelligence  that  forbade  his  strijjping 

the  colony  of  troops.     The  minister  informed  him   that 

'  L.  ^■an  Sfliaick  (N.  Y.  Cul.  Doc,  wnsso  well  kept  u))  i lint  iiiniiy  farms 
iv.,  p.  168),  shows  that  this  systom    nuar  Albany  « uie  abaudouod. 


^Vhy 

Fro  MUM  I  lie 

rifiis(-;  til 

Iicriiiil  llii; 

Iriii|iici;s 


82 


IIISTOUY  OF  NEW  FKANCK. 


u 


\l 


1697.  tliero  were  vessels  in  the  Eu^'lish  ports,  ready  to  sot  snil  nt 
'""'^''""^  ouco,  to  join  a  squadrou  fitting  out  at  Boston  to  attack 
Canada.  He  added  tliat  tlio  King  wished  him  to  keep  a 
thousand  or  twelve  hundred  men  to  carry  out  the  orders 
ho  might  receive  from  his  Majesty,  in  case  there  was  no  four 
for  Quebec.  We  shall  presently  see  what  all  this  meant.' 
The  Irofiuois,  soon  perceiving  that  the  French  had  given 
The  Iro-  ^P  t^'ou'^li^K  them  at  home,  took  the  field  in  all  directions. 
'uosufuics^  This  compelled  the  Governor  of  Montreal  to  multiply  the 
parties  which  ho  sent  against  then],  and  ho  thus  succeeded 
in  bafHing  all  their  plans.  Soon  after,  some  prisoners 
brought  in  from  the  neighborhood  of  Now  York  told  him 
that  it  was  rumored  in  that  province,  sometimes  that  they 
were  equipping  in  Europe  to  proceed  to  besiege  Quebec, 
sometimes  that  they  wore  preparing  in  France  to  lay  siege 
to  Boston.  At  the  same  time  assurance  ws  received  in 
tho  capital,  that  New  England  was  in  no  condition  to  un- 
dertake anything :  that  the  dearth  of  provisions  waii  ex- 
treme there  ;  that  a  misunderstanding  existed  among  the 
heads  of  the  colony,  and  that  although  they  made  some 
show  of  threatening  Canada,  they  really  were  in  great  fear 
of  the  French  and  were  busy  fortifying. 

But  at  the  same  time  news  ciime  that  Fort  Bourbon  had 
again  the  preceding  antumu  fallen  into  the  hands  of  tho 
Eughsh,  and  that  Mr.  do  Serigny,  who  had  been  sent  there 
with  reinforcements  of  men,  i)roviHions  and  munitions,  hiid 
been  unable  to  reach  it.  In  fact  on  the  second  of  Septem- 
ber, l()9(i,  four  English'  vessels  with  a  bomb  ketch  appeared 
in  sight  of  that  fort,  and  had  not  been  two  hours  at  anchor 
in  the  roadstead  when  Messrs.  de  Serignj  and  do  la  Motte 
Egron  also  arrived  on  two  ships,  tho  former  on  the 
Dragon,  belonging  to  the  King,  the  other  on  tho  Hardi,'  be- 
longing to  the  Nortliern  Compiny." 

Tho  odds  were  too  great  to  risk  an  acti(jn,  and  the 
French  drew  off.     Serigny  sailed  back  to  France,  which  he 


Tlif  Eii«- 
lisli  t:ikf 

Fort 
Bourbon 


'  Do  In  Pothcrie,  iii.,  \>.  28(i,  writes         '  Ji'n'mie,  Uulntion  do  la  Baye  de 
Viucolot.  Iluilwm,  in  Voya^'i's  iiu  Nord,  iii.,  p. 

'N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  is.,  p.  068.  MS.    De  la  Potlurii,  i.  p.  106-7. 


5' 


s.- 
f 


UISiOUV  OF  NEW   FIIANCK 


68 


reached  safely;  la  Motto  E^'iou  wan.  sliiiiwrockod  and  1697. 
wan  drowned  ou  his  way  to  Quobeo.  Fort  Bourbon  was  ^— v— ^ 
no  longer  in  a  position  to  resist  au  Enf^lish  tioct,  yet  they 
jjHt  on  at  tirst  quite  a  bold  front.  Ou  the  5tli  the  ketch 
supported  by  two  ships  kept  up  quite  a  warm  tiro.  It 
continued  the  next  day,  and  under  cover  of  it  the  English 
wished  to  attempt  a  landing,  but  Sieur  JorL-mio,  who 
served  as  au  ensign  in  the  fort,  having  formed  au  ambus- 
cade with  forty'  fusiliers  behind  some  bushes,  poured  such 
constant  and  well  ordered  volleys  into  the  first  bouts  that 
approached,  as  to  compel  them  to  draw  off. 

Then  the  ketch  resumed  shellhig,  and  twenty-two  bombs  '[^[''J  ^^\2' 
fell  inside  the  fort.  As  there  was  only  a  single  spot  where  ""!'i',^J5'''' 
the  powder  was  safe,  the  Sieur  do  la  Forct,  tho  command- 
!int,  had  no  alternative  but  to  capitulate.  Ho  asked  that 
he  should  be  conducted  with  all  his  garrison  to  French 
soil,  and  that  each  man  should  carry  off  what  belonged  to 
him.  These  two  articles  were  granted  ;  but  the  English 
had  no  sooner  entered  the  fort,  than  they  laughed  at  the 
capitulation,  pillaged  the  French  and  took  them  prisoners 
to  England. 

They  were  however  released  four  months  after  their  ar- 
rival, and  on  reaching  French  soil,  having  ascertained  that 
a  squadron  was  fitting  out  at  Rochelle  to  recapture  Fort 
Bourbon,  most  of  them  hastened  there,  and  finding  in  real- 
ity four  vessels  which  were  to  bo  under  do  Serigny's 
orders  as  far  as  Placentia,  where  he  was  to  hand  over  tho 
command  to  his  brother  d'Iberville,  they  embarked.  Wo 
have  seen  recently  that  his  squadron  reached  Newfound- 
land on  the  18th  of  May,  when  d'Iberville  was  preparing  to 
complete  the  conquest  of  that  island. 

Ho  would  havo  much  wished  his  brother  had  arrived 
sooner,  or  that  he  had  been  informed  that  he  would  arrive 
so  late  ;  the  former  would  have  given  him  all  the  time  re- 
quired to  assure  the  success  of  the  enterprise  he  had  in 


'  He  I'Piiclif'd    Miii^'im    v    li 
men.  N,  Y.  Col.  Dor ,  ix.,  \>.  U'iH. 


90        '  .Trn'mic,  IMaiinn  du  la  Baye  de 
Hudson,  p.  d-iS-O. 


I 


!    ( 


54  IIlSTOltY  OV  NKW     I'KANCK. 

1697.  lifvnil ;  Jviul  the  liittor  would  have  enabled  liiiu  to  rnako  an 
— -Y— ^  effort  to  utoiio  for  the  dulay  by  tlio  gratitinatioii  of  not 
leaving  au  Englishniau  in  Nowfonudland,  a  thing  ho  had 
much  at  heart.  0)i  tlio  other  hand  i^  ',vas  evident  tiiat 
tlio  c(mrt  hud  reekouod  on  greater  expedition  01/  do 
Serigny's  part ;  out  a.H  already  obsorvod,  the  Iltting  out  of 
fleets  in  onr  ports  is  alwayn  delayed,  often  to  the  over- 
throw of  all  the  plans  of  our  officers. 

This  appeared  from  tiio  instructions  handed  to  dllxr- 
ville  by  his  brother.  They  directed  that  befoio  proecv'd- 
ing  to  Hudson's  Bay,  ho  should  visit  St.  John's  Iliver,  to 
see  Avhothor  Fort  Naxoat  needed  reinforcement.  It  had 
become  impossible  to  fulfill  this,  and  in  this  view  do  Brouil- 
lau  U)  whom  d'Ibervillo  imparted  his  intructions,  coincided  ; 
foi  .ot  only  was  the  season  too  far  advanced  to  undertake 
two  expeditions  to  points  so  far  distant  apart,  but  tho 
crows  of  the  ships  from  France  were  not  in  a  condition  to 
rumain  so  long  at  se.i. 
Mr.  D'Ibcr-  It  was  accordingly  resolved  to  proceed  direct  to  Fort 
iliKisMirs  Bourbon,  and  the  squadron,  composed  of  four  8hii)s'  au(l  1, 
briguntine,  sot  sail  on  the  t^th  of  July.  Thore  was  a  ti  ,1 
order  of  the  court,  much  easier  of  execution  than  the  sec- 
ond. This  was  to  cruise  some  time  off  the  bank  of  New- 
foundland, and  d'Ibervillo  did  not  intend  to  neglect  it  ; 
but  he  found  in  that  part  such  dense  fogs  and  winds  so 
favorable  for  continuing  his  course,  that  he  deemrd  it  his 
du'y  not  to  swerve  from  it,  and  on  the  28th  he  arrived  at 
the  mouth  of  Hudson's  Strait. 

He  passed  it  the  ti  ird  of  August ;  but  he  then  found  him- 
self so  beset  by  ice  that  he  was  forced  to  grapple  witli  the 
largest  bergs.  Tiie  danger  of  this  situation,  arose  from  the 
severe  blows  given  to  the  ships  by  the  ice,  driven  vio- 
lently on  by  the  cixrrents,  putting  them  in  constant 
danger  of  perishing.  On  the  5th  the  brigantino  was 
crushed  between  one  of  these  floating  shoals  and  the  Pal- 
mier, Serigny's  ship,  and  th'i  so  suddenly  that  the  crew- 
were  with  difficulty  saved,  all  the  rest  being  lost. 

'  'I'ne  F(licnn,r)0,  (I'llK^rville  ;  till!  Ougue,  and  thHVeaiic.Clinrtrie.  J6- 
Palmifr,  4U,  Sori(j;ny  ;    tlio   i'roloiul,     n'luic,  lldution  &c.  p.  oJ'J-oliO. 


IIo  loses  a 
vessel  ill 
tUu  ku. 


i\ 


f 


HISTORY  OF  NKW  FRANCE. 


86 


On  tho  28(li  (VTl)orvill('  in  the  Pi'liciin,  a  fifty  ruti  ship,     «6(;7. 
found  liimsclf  clciir  of  (Iki  ivc  ;  Ini-t  iilono  nnd  i^niorant  of  """^'""^ 
tlio  futc  of  Iii«  otlicr  Hliips,  which  hiul  boon  hidilm  by  tiio  n^  idm.pa- 
ioosincotlic  11  ih.     H<i  n(>V('l•thl>l(^ss  wupposoJ  thoin  iihcatl,  "niu  n'^g'"' 
as  ho  hail  Iica*- 1  tho  filing  of  cannon  tho  previous  nif,'ht, 
and  sailing  to  Port  Nolson,  arrived  in  wight  on  th(>  -tth  of 
Soptcnilior.     H(!  ancliorcd  in  tiio  evening  rpiite  near  Fort 
Bourbon,  and  sent  liis  boat  ashoro  with  tlio  Sieur  do  iUai- 
tigny,  his  oonsin  gonnau,  to  gain  information  as  to  tho 
phieo  and  tlio  English  ships  which  ho  had  porcoivod  in 
Hudson's  Strait.' 

About  six  o'clock  tho  next  morning,  ho  disoovored  three  Ho  ciihikch 
ships  three  leagues  to  looward,  tacking  to  outer  tho  harbor.  EjihUi'j 
He  made  tho  signals  arranged  with  de  Serigny.  As  they' 
did  not  reply  he  had  no  doubt  of  their  hostile  charactei, 
and  preparcid  to  attack  them.  To  take  such  r.  resolution 
re(p;ired  a  bold  man  indeed.  Pie  had  scarcely  a  hundred 
men  in  fighting  condition,  and  had  to  eopo  with  three 
ships,  ono  of  superior  force  and  tho  other  two  of  32  guns 
each. 

Notwithstanding  this  disparity,  he  boi'e  down  on  them 

with  an  intrepidity  that  disconcerted  them.     They  awaited 

him  ;  tho  cannonade  opened  about  half  past  nine  in  the 

morning,  and  was  kept  up  incessantly  till  one  with  great 

vigor  on  both  sides.     Meanwhile  tho  Pelican  had  only  one 

man  killed  and  seventeen  wounded.     Then  d'Iberville,  who 

had  kept  the  weather  gage,  bore  down  straight  on  tho  two 

frigates,  pouring  in  several  broadsides  at  close  (juarters, 

in  order  to  disable  them.     At  that  moment  he  perceived 

tJio    third,   the  Hamshier,  coming   on  with  26   guns  »in 

battery  on  each  side,  and  a  crew  of  230  men. 

Ho  at  once  proceeded  to  meet  her,  all  his  guns  pointed  SncecBa  of 
.    ,     ,  '■  ,         ,  ,  '  ^  '  tiiKi  on- 

to snik   her,   ran   \inder   her   lee,   y.'irdarm   to   yardarm,  u'uKimont 

and  having  brought  his  ship  to,  poured  in  his  broadside. 
This  was  doue  so  efl^ectively  that,  tho  Hamshier,  after 
keeping  on  at  about  her  own  length,  wvid  down.  D'Iber- 
ville  at    once   wore   and    turned   on    the   Hudson   Bay, 

'  Canada  1>ih-,  III.,  vlii ,  pp.  010-0.  J^reinuv  Hflation  Ac.  p.  30,  says  5tb. 


Bfi 


HIHTOIIY  OP  NEW  FIIAW  E. 


'697-     tlio  ship  of  tho  ronmiiiiiiR  two  that  could  most  oiisily  oiitur 
^"""^'""^  Kt.  'IVicsii  Uivcr  ;  Imt  as  ho  was  on  tho  pitiut  of  hoiirdiiij^ 
her,  tho  cniimia)i(hiiit  Htniok  his  tiiv^  nnd  Hurroiiilorod. 

D'Hurvilh^  thou  giivo  olinHo  to  tho  DoiiuKUo,  tho  third, 
which  was  escaping'  to  tlio  uorthoast,  and  whioh  waa  only 
a  good  cannon-shot  ofl";  but  as  that  vossol  was  as  goi)d  a 
Bailor  as  his  own  ship,  ho  soon  gavo  up  tho  chiiS'>,  not  dar- 
ing to  crowd  sail,  Iwiving  had  nmch  of  his  rigging  cut,  two 
pumps  hurst,  his  shrouds  considerably  injured,  his  hull  cut 
up  by  seven  cannou-balls  and  pierced  at  the  water's  edge, 
with  no  way  of  stopping  tlio  leak.  IIo  accordingly  voorod 
and  sent  tho  Siour  do  hi  Hale  in  his  boat  with  twenty-livo 
men  to  man  the  prize.  Ho  then  proceeded  to  repair 
damage,  and  having  done  so  with  groat  expedition,  ho 
renewed  tlio  chase  of  the  only  renuiining  enemy,  who  was 
now  throe  longuos  oil". 

He  l)ogau  to  gain  on  him,  when  in  tho  evening  tho  wind 

changing  to  the  north  and  a  thick  fog  suddeidy  rising,  ho 

lost  sight  of  tho  Detinguo.    This  accident  compelled  him 

to    rejoin  tho    Hudson    Bay,  and   ho  anchored  near  tho 

Hamahier,  now  almost  out  of  sight,  aud  from  which  not  a 

Boul  had  been  saved.     Ho  loarned  from  his  prisoners  that 

they  had  been  detained  twonty-fivo  days  in  the  ice  and 

had   lost   a   fireship   by  tho  sumo  accident  that  had  do- 

Htroyed  the  French  brigantine ;  that  they  had  tiion  fallen 

in  with  a  French  storeship,  which  had  fought  them  for  six 

liours,  and  then  proceeded  to  join  two  other  ships  of  that 

nation  in  the  ico. 

Comi)iii  )m'-      This   storeship  was  the  Profond,  fitted  out  by  d'II)cr- 

^^EMdisii'^  ville   at  Placentia,  carrying  2G  guns  aud  120  men  under 

"''i-'niiHi  command  of  Mr,  Dugue.    It  had  been  separated  from  tlio 

Htoicship  i>,ii,iiim.  jijn]  ■\Vcsp  on  the  25th  of  August,  and  a  few  days 

after  found  itself  in  <^1'0  midst  of  three  English  ships,  wliich 

riddled  her  with  cannon-balls,  but  fai'.od  to  board  her  or 

make  her  capt-i'-a  strike.     Fortunately  tor  him,  after  six 

lunirs  action  they  perceived  tho  Wesp  anil  Palmier  crowd- 

ng  sail  to  support  him,  and  deemed  it  inexpedient  to  await 

them.     The  Profond  was  completoly  disabled ;  the  other 


!i 


67 


i6i>7. 


HM|>\*rook 

of  .i'llKT- 

vlUu. 


HIHTOUV   OK   NEW    FKANl'E. 

two  Hliips  luul  HUffiirod  Kroiitly  in  tliti  ico  ;  novortluilcHH 
tlioy  ropainul  oxiuHlitioHnly  luul  gavoclmHo  to  tlio  Eiii^'lisli, 
wlio  woro  t\yiu(i  boforo  thoiu,  iiiul  wlio  oacapod  thoiu  only 
to  bo  boftton  by  tlio  Pelican  alouo,  iu  tho  manner  already 
dtatod. 

Nothiu}'  now  provoutiug  his  approach  to  Fort  IJourbon, 
d'Iborvillo  on  tho  morning  of  tlio  Gth  woigiiod  anchor 
and  stood  iu  to  the  roadHtoad,  whero  his  boat,  ^hich 
had  roniainod  aHhoro  sinco  ho  had  sent  it  to  got  inform- 
ation, brought  him  somo  Indians,  who  told  him  that  thoro 
were  oidy  thirty-iivc  mkii  in  tho  fort. 

On  hearing  this  ho  put  a  mortar  and  tifty  bcnnbs  on  the 
Hudson  Day  to  begin  tho  attack  while  awaiting  his  throe 
other  voHHols.  Tho  next  day,  seeing  tho  sea  run  'ixtromely 
high,  a  sure  sign  in  tho  Bay  of  a  coming  storm,  he  loft  tho 
roadstead,  which  is  not  secure,  and  anchored  ofl'  shore. 
His  precaution  was  vain ;  the  wnd,  after  falling  shghtly, 
became  more  violent  than  boforo,  the  cables  of  his  anchors 
jiarted,  and  in  spite  oi  all  d'Ibcrville's  efforts  to  ride  it  out, 
and  there  was  not  perhaps  iu  the  French  navy  one  more 
skillful  iu  handling  a  ship,  he  was  driven  ashore  with  his 
prize  at  the  mouth  of  tho  St.  Teresa. 

This  misfortune  happened  at  night,  tho  darkness  incroas-  nd-*  jointd 
ing  the  horror  caused  by  the  storm,  and  prevented  them  turcc  shipg. 
taking  measures  to  save  the  vessels  by  nmuiug  them 
ashore  in  a  suitable  spot,  so  that  before  daybreak  tlioy 
opened  and  filled  with  water.  However,  a  calm  setting  in 
tho  crew  got  ashore  safe,  carrying  all  needed  to  besiege 
Fort  Bourbon ;  but  he  had  no  provisions  and  could  look 
for  none  except  by  taking  tho  fort.  D'Iborville  accord- 
ingly hastened  all  the  preparations  for  storming  it.  Thoy 
had  scarcely  boguu  their  labors  when  his  three  vessels 
hove  in  siglit  and  soon  after  anchored  in  the  roadstead.' 

They  had  weathered  the  storm  that  wrecked  tho  Pelican 
and  Hudson  Bay :  but  they  Avero  much  further  ont,  or 
rather  it  drove  them  out,  and  ceased  before  they  got  near 

'  Canada  Dociiiiionts  III.  viii.,  pp.  ilc  Hudson,  pp.  33(^1.  The  latter 
243-H  ;  Jt'reuiio,  lielntioo  lie  la  Haye    say»  23  men  lost. 


r 


!    I 


68  HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRAN(^B. 

1697.  sLcro.  Tho  Palmier  lost  her  rudder,  and  wlien  she  came 
in  siglit  of  the  fort,  had  two  leaks  that  kept  lior  pumps 
constantly  at  work.  Their  arrival  assured  to  d'Iberville 
tho  captiire  of  the  fort  and  gave  him  provisions :  ho 
accordingly  »ibaudoned  tho  plan  of  storming,  as  no  longer 
necessary  and  likely  to  cost  many  lives. 

The  next  day,  December  10th,  he  landed  half  a  league 
from  the  fort  with  a  boat  loaded  with  mortars  and  shells, 
at  the  spot  where  the  Pelican's  crow  were  already  en- 
camped. Ho  at  once  threw  up  batteries,  and  on  the  12th 
b- gan  to  throw  shells.  Henry  Bailay,  the  commandant  of 
the  fort,  apparently  but  awaited  tiiis  to  surrender.  The 
next  day  ho  boat  a  parley  and  agreed  to  surrender  the  fort 
on  the  following  terms  :  1.  That  his  pn))(<rs,  and  his  aceoiint 
books  which  belonged  to  the  London  Company,  sliould  not 
be  touched  :  2.  That  oflicors  and  men  should  retain  thoir 
'.'bests,  clothes  and  property  in  general  :  3.  That  they 
should  bo  treated  like  the  French  :  4.  That  they  should 
be  at  once  sent  to  England  :  5.  That  the  garrison  should 
march  out  witlj  all  marks  of  honor,  and  not  be  disarmed.' 

As  soon  as  this  capitulation  was  signed,  the  com- 
mandant marched  out  with  fifty-two  men,  seventeen  of 
whom  belonged  to  tho  crew  of  tho  Hudson  Bay  :  for  it 
may  be  judged  that  in  the  confusion  of  tho  wreck  of  that 
vessel  and  the  Pelican,  tho  French  were  more  engaged  in 
saving  their  own  Uves  than  in  guarding  their  prisoners,  so 
that  they  retained  only  those  who  were  afraid  to  face  tho 
df*  inrer  of  making  their  way  in  an  unknown  country,  during 
a  very  dark  night.  Tliose  who  escaped  were  included  in 
tho  capitulation,  and  thus  recovered  their  liberty. 

D'Iberville  having  taken  possession  of  his  conipiest, 
appointed  tho  Siour  do  Martigny  commandant,  and  Mr. 
do  Boisbriand,  brother  of  Mr.  Diigue,  King's  lienccnant. 
As  the  Palmier  was  utterly  unfit  to  go  to  sea,  she  was  run 
up  the  river  and  anchored  near  tho  fort.  Serigny,  who 
remained  to  take  her  back  to  Franco  in  case  she  could  bo 
repaired  kept  only  fifty  men,  and  eVIberviUe  embarked  on 


Cti'aada  Ducuiueuto,  III.  viii.^  p  34tt.    Jurtimie,  Rulation  &c.,  p.  832. 


mSTOHV  OF  NEW  KHANCK. 


59 


the  Profoud  with  tlio  Policau's  crew  iiud  forty-four  prib-      '697- 
oners,  whom  he  still  retained.     Ho  sailed  ou  the  24th  of  ^— m— -' 
Soi>tember  with  the  Wcsp,'  and  on  the  8th  of  November  p'thiniih! 
arrived  at  13elle-Isle,  with  scarcely  a  man  ou  either  .shi[)   '^'i,'"",','!^,'" 
uot  sick  witli  the  scurvy. 

But  the  capture  of  Fort  Bom-bou,  although  it  long  j,„j„  rimua 
assured  to  the  French  the  possession  of  all  the  north  of  j^^(,u,jj,'^*t. 
Canada,  did  uot  repay  the  King  the  expense  incurred  that 
year  for  North  America,  as  will  be  shown  in  the  following 
book.  Still  the  Hudson's  Bay  trade  was  a  far  more  im- 
portant matter  than  most  people  supposed  ;  and  its  con- 
sequence was  not  realized  till  men  saw  the  oagoruesa  dis- 
played by  the  English  plenipotentiaries  in  the  Congress 
of  Utrecht,  to  secure  for  their  nation  all  tho  posts  on  that 
bay.  It  is  a  certaint}',  that  the  furs  there  are  finer  than 
anywhere  else,  and  the  extreme  pov'"rty  of  tho  Indians  of 
those  parts  enables  traders  to  obtain  them  at  very  low  rates. 


'  A  rudder  for  the  Palmier  Lad  to 
b(!  wmt  from  Prance.     lb. 

'  C'annda  Documents,  III.  viii.,  p. 
350-;!.  De  In  Potherie,  Hist,  de 
I'Amt'riqui'  Sept.,  i.,  p.  1(J7,  gives  no 
details  of  tliiH  camimigrn.  Jerenli(^ 
author  of  the  Uelatiou  de  la  Buy 3  do 
Hudson,  was  taken  in  the  fort  in 
1696,  returned  with  d'lberville  in 


1607,  and  remained  thero  as  inter- 
preter and  lieutenant  under  several 
commanders  till  1707,  when  he  went 
to  Europe.  Ho  returned  in  1709  as 
commandant  and  held  tlvat  post  till 
1714  when  hu  transferred  the  fort  to 
tho  English  agreeably  to  the  treaty 
of  Utrecht.  Relation  de  la  Baye  de 
Pndflon,  p.  334. 


BOOK    XVII 


BOOK  XVII. 


The  rumors  continually  afloat,  that  fleets  were  fitting 
out  in  France,  England,  and  Boston,  puzzled  tlie  Count 
do  Frouteuac,  while  the  King's  orders  to  hold  his  troops 
and  mihtia  ready  to  march  on  an  expetlitiou  which  was 
always  made  a  mystery,  kept  him  in  suspense  in  one  of 
the  most  embarrassing  junctures  that  he  ever  was  in,  when 
the  Oneida  chief  whom  Mr.  de  Oallieres  had  sent  back  to 
his  canton,  came  into  Montreal  alone,  which  in  itsielf  was 
a  bad  enough  omen. 

He  nevertheless  came  forward  with  an  air  of  confidence, 
which  would  have  deceived  any  one  but  the  Governor. 
He  told  him  that  having  informed  his  brethren  of  the  man- 
ner in  which  he  and  his  party  had  been  received  by  the 
French,  all  had  evinced  a  decided  disposition  to  follow  his 
example;  that  the  Onondagas  had  even  avowed  their 
readiness  to  accompany  them ;  that  they  were  going  to 
begin  by  sending  a  belt  to  Ononthio  to  ascertain  from 
him  whether  he  wished  to  receive  them  also,  and  another 
to  implore  the  Jesuits  to  ask  peace  for  them  from  the  God 
of  the  Christians,  and  that  they  conjured  the  Oneidas  to 
wait  for  them. 

It  was  easy  to  see  that  all  this  was  a  device  to  gain  time, 
and  avert  th(3  storm  which  they  dreaded  to  see  bursting 
anew  on  the  cantons,  in  the  hope  that  it  would  soon  be 


1697. 


The  Iro- 

(junis  seek 
to  iiuiusu 
Frontonuc. 


64 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1697. 


They  renew 
UoetiUtlcs. 


Troubles 

among  our 

allies. 


!;, 


entirely  dispersed.  Least  of  all  was  the  Count  Je  Fron- 
tenac  deceived,  but  he  had  only  two  courses  to  pursue ; 
oiip,  to  proceed  with  all  his  forces  to  the  Iroquois  country  ; 
the  other  to  dissemble.  By  the  King's  orciors  the  former 
was  out  of  the  question ;  he  had  therefore  to  resolve  to 
shut  his  eyes  to  the  conduct  of  these  Indians,  or  at  least 
but  half  reveal  the  resentment  their  conduct  inspired. 
The  General's  reply  to  the  Oneida  chiei  was  that  he  gave 
those  who  deputed  him  till  the  month  of  September  to  de- 
termine to  come  all  together  and  ask  peace  ;  and  that  term 
passed,  they  should  find  in  him  only  an  implacable  enemy. 
He  counted  little  more  on  the  effect  of  these  threats, 
than  on  the  promises  of  the  Iroquois  ;  but  to  all  appear- 
ance he  did  not  expect  to  see  them  begin  their  raids  with- 
in a  few  days.  Then  he  felt  the  utter  folly  of  conciliatory 
measures  with  a  nation  whom  he  had  pushed  too  hard  ever 
to  win  over,  and  whom  he  had  not  weakened  sufficiently  to 
prevent  their  doing  us  great  injury ;  but  he  had  another 
cause  of  disquiet,  which  touched  his  most  sensitive  spot, 
as  it  involved  the  diminution  of  his  authority.  The 
occasion  was  this. 

Quite  a  number  of  Miamis  settled  on.Maramek  River,' 
one  of  the  streams  emptying  into  the  eastern  part  of  Lake 
Michigan,  had  started  late  in  August  of  the  previous  year, 
to  unite  once  more  with  their  brethren  settled  on  the  St. 
Joseph's  River.  On  their  way  they  were  attacked  by  the 
Sioux,  who  killed  several.  The  Miamis  of  St.  Joseph 
learning  this  hostility,  resolved  to  avenge  their  brethren. 
They  pursued  the  Sioux  to  their  own  country,  and  found 
them  iutrenchod  in  a  fort  with  some  Frenchmen  of  the 
class  known  as  Courem's  de  Bois,  (bushlopers).  They 
nevertheless  attacked  them  repeatedly  with  gi'eut  resolu- 
tion ;  but  were  every  time  repulsed,  and  at  last  compelled 
to  retire,  after  losing  several  of  their  braves.  Oui  their 
Avay  home,  moetiug  other  Frenchmen  carrying  arms  and 
ammunition  to  the  Sioux,  they  seized  all  they  had,  but 
did  them  no  other  harm.     They  informed  the  Ottawas  of 


<  Od  Charlevois'a  inap  of  Louisiaua  it  ia  Maramet. 


-m:^^ 


HIUTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE.  65 

M'liat  had  occurred,  and  the  latter  sent  deputies  to  Count     1697. 
de  Froutuuac,  to  oxphiiu  to  him  the  absolute  necessity  of  '-'"y"""-' 
appeasing  the  Miamis,  whose  discontent  might  easily  in- 
duce them  to  join  the  Iroquois. 

The  general's  reply  to  the  envoys  was  such  as  became  so 
delicate  a  crisis  :  and  he  took  proper  steps  to  prevent  the 
cousequeuccs  of  this  unlucky  affair.  They  did  not  how- 
ever at  once  prevent  the  Miamid  from  continuing  reprisals, 
when  occasion  offered ;  so  that  Nicholas  Perrot,  with  all 
his  credit  among  theiu,  was  on  the  point  of  being  burned, 
and  escaped  their  fury  only  by  means  of  the  Foxes,  (Outa- 
gamis,)  who  rescued  him  from  their  hands.  At  last  the 
secret  of  calming  them  was  discovered  by  showing  them  * 
how  much  it  was  for  their  interest,  as  well  as  ours,  not  to 
quarrel  with  us,  and  at  that  time  the  matter  went  no 
further.' 

This  event  could  not  have  happened  at  a  more  provok-  _     ,      , 
in''  moment  for  the  Count  de  Frontenac.     For  the  last  cmiiiurass- 

.  muut. 

two  years  the  old  complaints  had  been  renewed  against 
bushranging,  and  the  last  representations  of  all  persons  in 
the  colony  zealous  for  the  cause  of  order,  had  produced 
their  effect.  The  pi'oceding  year  the  King  had  expressly 
forbidden  the  Governor-Qeneral  to  permit  any  Frenchmen 
to  go  up  to  the  Indian  country  to  trade. 

In  fact  de  Champigny  and  de  Callieres,  whose  testimony 
cu  the  point  was  above  suspicion,  were  of  opinion  that  his 
Majesty  should  be  petitioned  to  restrict  this  prohibition, 
and  they  adduced  reasons  which  could  not  be  more  solid. 
They  had  suggested  a  middle  course,  which  in  their  opin- 
ion would  remedy  the  whole,  and  this  consisted  in  main- 
taining among  the  remote  Indians  only  two  posts,  at  Mich- 
illimakinac  and  on  St.  Joseph's  River,  to  limit  the  umnber  of 
French  allowed  to  go  there,  and  adopt  othfir  precautions 
which  they  suggested,  to  prevent  the  abuses  so  justly  com- 
plained of." 


I   Kelation,  1696-7.    N.    Y.    Col.    iii.,  pp.  295-310.  Perrot,  Moeure  et 
Di)c.,ix.,  pp.  670-6.     D.i  la  Potherie    Coutuiues,  pp.  267,  313,  331. 
Hist,  ilo  I'iUutTiquu,  tsepteutrionale       'iii.  V.  ^^  Doc,  i.x.,  p.U63,  0i'o,078. 


66 


IIISTOUT  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


1697. 


How  bo 
extricates 
liimsulf. 


The  Count  do  Froutenac  was  far  from  approving  this 
modification,  which  diminished  hia  autliority,  and  as  he 
baw  that  a  literal  obedience  of  the  ordinance  in  question 
would  entail  difficulties  that  would  compel  the  King's  Coun- 
cil to  restore  matters  to  their  former  state,  he  had  informed 
the  minister  thu'  to  confo  oi  Iv  his  Majesty's  intentions, 
he  was  about  ii.'  :  ic:.  li  the  French  from  the  remote 
posts;  but  the  u.  tunulo  i,flair  of  the  Miamis,  caused  by 
the  bushlopers,  mu  ...  vuu  .J''aid  that  they  would  not  ap- 
prove even  of  the  proposition  '  the  Intendant  and  Gov- 
ernor of  Montreal,  and  that  those  who  liad  excited  the 
Prince's  zeal  in  regard  to  bushloping,  would  profit  by  this 
new  incident  to  press  the  absolute  execution  of  the  last 
orders  of  the  court,  as  they  did  in  fact. 

The  Governor-General  accordingly  began  to  see  more 
wisdom  in  the  modifications  proposed  by  de  Champiguy 
and  de  Calliercs,  because  they  left  him  part  of  the  author- 
ity which  ho  saw  on  the  point  of  slipping  entirely  from  his 
hands ;  he  therefore  united  with  them  in  representing  to 
the  Council :  1.  That  it  was  indispensably  necessary  not  to 
interfere  with  the  posts  at  Michillimakiuac  and  on  St.  Jo- 
seph's River,  and  that  an  officer  with  twelve  or  fifteen  sol- 
diers must  absolutely  bo  maintained  in  each,  to  prevent  the 
English  going  there  to  trade,  which  they  would  not  do  long, 
without  planting  themselves  there  so  firmly  as  not  to 
be  easily  expelled :  2,  That  it  was  impossible  to  maintain 
these  same  posts,  unless  at  least  twenty-five  canoe-loads 
of  goods  were  sent  there  annually.  These  wore  called 
vomjefi,  and  the  Governor  had  the  distribution  of  them. 

3.  That  it  was  important  to  send  soldiers  from  time  to  time 
among   the  Indians  for  the  security  of  the  missionaries. 

4.  That  the.se  conges  were  a  resource  to  relieve  the  indigence 
of  several  worthy  families  to  whom  they  were  assigned, 
and  who  traded  them  with  the  voyageurs  ;  and  that  if  this 
aid  were  cut  off,  their  siibsisteuco  wouW  have  to  be  provid- 
ed for  otherwise.  Finally,  that  these  excursions  ti-nded 
to  keep  in  the  country  a  number  of  young  men  who  knew 
no   other   business,  and  who,  deprived  of  this,  would  go 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FUANCB. 


C7 


to  tlio  English  colonies  in  search  of  employmout,  atieugth- 
euiiig  those  colonics  and  weakening  ours.' 

[Some  of  these  reiisoua  were  extremely  weak,  the  others 
proved  clearly,  tliat  there  are  evils  which  it  is  dangerous  to 
attempt  to  remedy  at  once.  The  authors  of  this  memoir 
agreed  with  those  who  had  i)reseuted  the  opposing  ones 
as  to  all  the  disorders  produced  by  the  coinjr.'-!,  and  that  the 
greatest  of  those  disorders  was  the  stop  they  had  put  to 
the  progress  of  the  Christian  religion  among  the  Indians  : 
but  all  things  considered,  it  was  decided  in  the  King's 
Council,  that,  to  abandon  posts,  after  establishing  and 
maintaining  them  at  such  great  expense,  and  inducing  our 
allies  to  consider  them  as  an  advantage  to  them,  would  be 
to  hold  out  to  those  tribes  a  temptation  to  give  themselves 
up  to  the  English. 

They  were  confirmed  in  this  idea  by  the  information  re- 
ceived that  the  Baron,  that  famous  Huron  chief  whose 
pernicious  designs  and  hostile  mind  have  been  already 
explained,  had  go)io  to  settle  near  Albany  with  thirty 
families  of  his  nation,  and  warmly  urged  the  rest  to  follow 
him.  It  was  accordingly  resolved  to  adhere  to  the  plan  sug- 
gested by  de  Champiguy  and  de  Oallieres,  and  as  pre- 
dicted by  the  ecclesiastics  and  missionaries,  things  quite, 
speedily  resumed  the  course  they  had  previously  taken. 
For  with  passions,  as  with  gangrene,  there  is  no  cure  but 
by  mercilessly  cutting  away  all  that  is  infected. 

Towards  the  end  of  August'  the  Sieur  de  la  Motte 
Cadillac,  whom  Mr.  de  Calheres  had  informed  of  the 
rumors  of  armaments  fitting  out  for  the  conquest  of  Can- 
ada, arrived  at  Montreal  with  a  great  number  of  Frouch- 
men,  and  three  hundred  Sacs,  Pottowatamies,  Ottawas  and 
Hurons,  whom  ho  had  succeeded  in  inducing  to  come  to 
the  aid  of  the  colony.  The  Governor-General  was  then  in 
that  city,  and  in  the  audience  which  ho  gave  those  warriors, 
ho  manifested  groat  satisfaction  at  their  zeal,  and  especially 
at  the  ardor  with  which  they  had  followed  the  Iro(juois 


i6y7. 


Our  allies 

cotnc!  t'l 
the  nasist- 
auc'c  ol  Iho 

colony. 


'  P<'nl  chart  rain  to  Frontpuiu',  Apr. 
ya.  l(i<J7.     N,  Y.  Col  Doc.  ix,  p.  (i(W. 


■•■  Au^'.  '^9,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ix.  p.  071. 
■'  lb. 


68 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FIIANCE. 


1697. 


Ez])liiit(if 
lliiniu 
cU  lul. 


iluriiig  the  wliolo  campaign.  In  fact  ilioy  reckoned  tlu» 
Souecas  killod  or  tukou  by  them  since  spring  at  over  a 
hundred. 

A  very  vigorous  and  well  conducted  action  had  jnst  come 
off,  in  which  the  Indians  of  these  four  nations  hud  taken 
pari.  Tho  Iroquois  having  taken  the  field  to  join  the 
Baron,  as  agreed  upon  with  him,  four  of  their  scouts  fell  in 
with  the  Hat,  the  fai'"Ous  Huron  chief,  heretofore  fre- 
quently mentioned.  Ho  was  at  tho  head  of  a  hundred 
and  fifty  warriors  and  had  landed  at  tho  head  of  the  lake. 
Of  the  four  Iroquois  who  discovered  him,  two  wore  kilh.'d 
on  the  spot,  and  the  other  two  wero  taken.  From  them 
ho  learned  that  their  people  wore  not  far  off,  that  thoy  num- 
bered two  hundred  and  fifty  ;  but  had  canoes  only  for  sixty 
at  most. 

On  this  intelligence,  the  Tiat  advanced  with  his  wholo 
force  towards  the  spot  where  he  had  been  told  tho  enemy 
were  encamped  ;  wlicn  he  came  within  gun-shot,  he  feigned 
to  be  surprised  and  alarmed  at  their  number,  and  pretended 
flight.  At  once  sixty  Iroquois  sprang  to  their  canoes  to 
give  chase ;  the  Rat  pushed  out  from  land,  and  plied  his 
paddles  tUl  ho  was  two  leagues  from  shore.  There  he 
stopped  and  drew  up,  received  without  firing  the  first  Iro- 
quois volley,  which  killed  only  two  of  his  men,  then,  without 
giving  them  time  to  reload,  he  dashed  on  them  so  furiously 
that  all  their  canoes  wero  riddled  or  stove  in.  Thirty- 
seven  were  killed,'  fourteen  taken,  the  rest  drowned. 
Among  them  were  five  of  the  highest  chiefs  in  the  nation. 

The  Eat  was  then  sincerely  attached  to  the  French 
cause,  and  it  was  he  alone  who  had  prevented  all  the 
Hurons  of  Michilimackiuac  from  following  the  Baron  to 
New  York.  At  the  same  time  he  rendered  a  great  service 
to  the  Miamis,by  putting  thoiu  on  their  guard  against  tho 
Baron,  for  he  had  discovered  that  that  traitor,  under  pre- 
tence of  forming  an  alliance  with  those  Indians,  thought 
only  of  betraying  them.  He  came  to  Montreal  with  do  la 
Motte  Cadillac,  and  obtained  the  highest  place  in  the  Gov- 
ernor-General's favor ;  but  Indians  do  not  live  on  sm  ike. 


IIIHTORY   OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


m 


aud  those  liiul  not  couu)  to  Moutroiil  to  rocoivo  compliiuuntH,     i^»97- 
nor  ovou  Huloly  to  umko  war  ou  tlm  En^liali.  ^-— r— ^ 

Fioutoiiac,  who  kuow  thoiu  iiml  know  iihuosD  ivll  thiit 
they  hull  ou  tlitar  miucls,  toKl  them  tliat  those  who  hiul  iiiiy 
ciiuso  of  comphiiut,  might  speak  to  him  with  perfect  liberty, 
and  that  he  would  give  thorn  all  tho  Hatisfaction  they 
desired  ;  but  ho  added  that  thoy  should  beware  of  mutually 
weakening  oadi  other,  aud  it  was  for  their  interest  to  con- 
tinue pressing  tho  Iroiiuois  closely,  as  ho  on  his  side  was 
determined  not  to  spare  thorn. 

Then  Onanguice  the  Pottowatamie  chief,  a  talented  man  coinptninta 
and  good  speaker,  addressed  him  in  tho  name  of  all,  saying  iiuiiiius. 
that  men  g-^norally  promised  much  more  than  thoy  appa- 
rimtly  intended  to  do ;  that  they  had  been  frequently  as- 
sured that  they  should  not  be  allowed  to  want  ammunition, 
but  that  none  had  been  furnished  for  more  thai  a  year  ; 
that  the  English  did  not  act  so  with  the  Iroquois,  aud 
that  if  the  French  continued  to  abandim  them  in  that 
style,  they  would  no  more  appear  at  Montreal.' 

The  General,  in  reply,  admitted  that  this  year  their  usual  Fiontciun.'s 
annual  supply  had  not  been  furnished,  but  assured  them 
that  they  should  lose  nothing ;  that  he  had  needed  all  his 
forces  for  a  great  war  movement,  which  he  could  not  yet 
explain  to  them,  and  that  as  soon  as  he  had  a  certain  num- 
ber of  French  at  his  disjjosul,  it  would  bo  his  most 
urgent  ciiro  to  send  them  all  they  needed.  This  reply 
seemed  to  satisfy  them,  and  they  parted  much  pleased 
with  each  other. 

All  anxiety  in  regard  to  the  English  expeditions  against 
Canada,  seemed  already  dispelled,  in  as  much  as  Frou- 
tenan  dismissed  the  Indians  without  alluding  to  it. 

He  was  even  completely  taken  up  with  tho  enterprise 
for  which  he  had  been  told  to  hold  his  troops  in  readiness, 
and  which  was  still  a  mystery  to  him,  when,  on  the  7th  of 
September,   Mr.    des    Ursins   anchored  before    Quebec.' 


1  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  672-3 ;  De  la  »  He  came  witli  the  AmpUitrite, 
PothorU;.  iii.,IIist(iiro(Iol'Aim'ri(iU(i  and  Uironde.  N.  Y.Ool.  Doc.,lx.,p. 
Si'ptentrioniilc,  ]>.  '2W-[\(H.  675. 


70 


IIIHTOIIV  OF  NKW    FHANi'K 


m«  Milvion 
project. 


1697.  Tliat  olllit'or  hivmlcil  Iiiiii  a  lottcr  from  tli«  MiuqiiiH  do  Nob- 

-"-r—^  iiioiul,  iuformiiig   hiiu  that   it  oouccnicd  tlio  coiwinoHt  of 

.|., ,1,,,^.  Now  Eiifjland,  a  jnojcet  of  do  Pontclmrtraiu,  It.t  that  the 

whi"'t/i,r  thing  had  failed.     In  a  letter  to  tho  MiniHtor,  ilatod  tho 

w;|«..ni(ri(i  |5t|,  ,)f  October,  Fioiitouac  iiit'onnod  liiui  that  Imh  propa- 
lii  III'  In  '       ' 

rcuillianii.  raliuiiH  woro  so  well  advaiifcd,  that  within  a  wook  aftnr 
rccoiviug  tho  orders  ho  oxpoctod,  Lo  could  Lavo  put  hiu 
troopH  in  motion. 

IIo  adds  thiit  Huoh  oxpoditiouH  aro  aiwayH  vory  uncortain, 
and  roquiro  for  tlioir  oxecutiou,  far  more  timo  than  is  Hup- 
poHod  ;  that  no  powitivo  cahjulatiou  Hliijiild  over  bo  made  pos- 
itively on  tho  junction  of  forces,  aomo  of  which  woro  to  como 
by  Hoa  and  othors  by  land,  and  by  rivers  so  difHcnlt  to  ascend 
and  descend  as  th(JSO  of  Canada,  and  that  tho  difliculty  of 
transporting  in  canoos  tho  provisions  recpiired  by  a  largo 
force  are  almost  insurmountable.  Coming  thou  to  that  in 
question,  he  continues : 

"  I  will  also  tako  the  liberty  of  tolling  you  that  tho  cap- 
ture of  New  York  (Manhatto)  would  contribute  much  more 
to  tho  security  of  this  colony,  and  deliver  it  from  tho  Iro- 
quois more  than  tho  capture  of  Boston,  which  in  no  way  an- 
noys it :  that  moreover  tho  former  would  be  much  more 
easily  effected  simply  by  his  Majesty's  vessels  and  the 
troops  they  could  land,  while  tho  Canadian  forces,  to  effect 
a  diversion,  attacked  Albany  (Orange),  which  is  at  their 
doors  ;  but  cvviu  then  timely  notice  woidd  l)o  nocessai-y  so  as 
to  have  time  for  preparation,  beyond  what  was  deemed 
actually  necessary,  tho  seasons  being  so  short  in  this  coun- 
try, that  it  is  idle  to  talk  of  undertaking  anything  at  distant 
points,  without  having  at  least  tho  whole  moutii  of  Septem- 
ber to  return  in,  because  the  smaller  rivers  and  lakes  freeze 
in  October."  ' 

However,  the  operations  against  Boston  were  very  well 
concerted,  and  like  all  those  of  the  same  kind  that  preceded, 
failed  only  from  want  of  due  diligence.  To  conduct  it,  tho 
King  had  appointed  the  Marquis  de  Nfjsniond,  an  olHccr 
of  high  repute,  and  had  assigned  hiin  ten  men-of-war,  one 


Cuiiada  DocumiMitH.  11.,  \iii.,  18"), 


msroIlY  OK  NKW  FRANCE. 


71 


galliot,  1111(1  two  fiio.shlpH.  Tho  ciipturo  of  UoMtou  wfiH 
uot  Ilia  solo  object.  Hia  iuHlnietious  wore,  to  presa  uuit- 
tors  80  tts  to  louvo  tho  port  of  liroat  (wlioro  part  of  Ins 
Hciuivdroii  wtiH  fittoil  out)liy  tin-  '25tli  of  April,  at  tho  lateat, 
uuil  to  |)rocoed  to  llochoUo,  wliorii  ho  waa  to  nu't't  Coiuiiio- 
iloro  do  Ma^^nou,  with  the  voaaola  fitted  out  at  llochofort. 

Ho  was  thoii  dircctod  to  uao  all  (jxp(jditi(ju  to  reach 
Placoutia  Bay  at  tho  oarlieat  uiomoiit,  mid  uiiticipato  tho 
Eiigliah,  who  woro  aaid  to  ho  bout  ou  rocovoruig  all  tiny 
had  loHt  ill  Newfoiiudlaiid  tho  year  before,  and  oven  iu 
expelling  the  Frouch  couii)letely.  Iu  case  ho  fouud  tho 
euoiuy  beaiegiiig  riaoentia,  ho  waa  to  attack  theiu.aud  iu 
case  they  had  already  aailcd  ho  waa  to  follow  tlu'iu,  whether 
tlu!y  had  aucceedod  or  uot,  aud  light  them.  After 
defeating  them,  ho  was  to  sail  to  Poutagoet,  and  at  the 
same  time  dispatch  a  ship  to  Quebec  to  inform  tho  Count 
do  Frontcuac  of  his  course,  so  UH  lo  enable  11;  at  (tovcrnor 
to  proceed  to  Pontagoi't,  with  tho  1500  men  whom  ho  was 
to  hold  in  readiness.  This  juuctiou  ofTectod,  tho  tieet,  ofter 
taking  the  troops  ou  board,  was  to  inoctjod  to  Boston 
without  loss  of  time,  aud,  after  capturing  that  city,  follow 
the  coast  to  Poscadoue,  dostroyiug  all  tho  scttlomonts  as 
far  inland  as  possible,  so  that  tho  English  could  uot  for  n 
long  time  restore  them. 

Tho  Count  do  Froutouac's  advanced  ago  having  led  tho 
King  to  doubt  whether  ho  would  bo  able  to  command  tho 
regulars  and  militia  ou  this  expedition  iu  jiorsou,  his  Maj- 
esty had  left  him  ou  this  point  at  perfect  liberty,  either  to 
take  tho  field  iu  person  or  to  substitute  tlio  Chevalier  do 
Vandreuil  in  his  stead,  who  iu  that  event  was  to  be  in  all 
matters  subordinate  to  the  Marquis  do  Nesmond,  while 
the  Count  de  Frouteuac,  if  he  came,  was  to  command  the 
land  forces  ind<    endeutly. 

If,  after  taking  JJostou  and  ravaging  Now  England,  there 
was  still  time  for  another  couqiiest,  the  fleet  had  orders  to 
go  to  Mauhatte,  aud  after  reducing  that  city  to  tho  King's 
obediouce,  leave  the  Canadian  troops  there,  who  ou  their 
homeward  march  to  their  colony  could  ravage  New  York. 


I  (n)7. 


72 


HI810RY  OF  NEW    FRANCE. 


1997. 


Wliat 

tlcfoiitoil 

tlU! 

cnti'rprise. 


Such  were  the  instructions  given  to  do  Nesmond  aud  sent 
to  Fioutenac  for  an  expedition  in  which  the  King  was  so 
interested,  that  ho  permitted  the  former  to  increase  his 
fleet  with  the  vessels  intended  for  Hudson  Bay  in  case 
he  fomid  them  at  Placeutia  aud  dLomed  thoir  aid  necessary. 

As  no  iuLolligeuce  of  the  siege  of  Naxoat  had  reached 
court  when  these  instructions  were  drawn  up,  but  arrived 
soon  after,  do  Nesmoud,  on  anclioring  in  the  harbor  of 
llochelle,  found  later  orders  there,  to  give  the  Chovalior  de 
Villobon  all  the  aid  in  men  and  munitions  necessary  to 
hold  or  restore  that  post,  aud  as  soon  as  he  anchored  in 
the  Bay  of  Placeutia,  a  letter  was  ha  ided  to  him  from  the 
Count  do  Poutchartrain,  iu  ^yhich  that  minister  informed 
him  that  eigliteeu  English  ships  loaded  with,  salt  were  to 
clear  at  once  from  Portugal,  and  to  sail,  escorted  by  a 
mau-of-war,  to  Newfoundland  for  the  codfishery,  and  that 
he  was  to  do  his  best  not  to  miss  them. 

He  also  added,  that  if  Nesmoud  succeeded  in  defeating 
the  enemy's  fleet,  it  was  the  King's  intention  that  ho  bhould 
cruise  aloug  the  eastern  shore  of  Newfoundland,  to  take 
or  burn  all  the  English  vessels  ho  might  find  there  ;  but 
de  Xesmouii  had  sailed  too  lale  to  execute  so  many  and  so 
important  euterpri.scs.  Moreover  head-winds  kept  him 
more  than  two  months  at  sea,  so  that  he  did  uot  reach  Pla- 
ceutia till  July  24th. 

There,  learning  nothing  of  the  English,  he  held  a  grand 
council  of  war,  to  deliberate  whether  it  was  advisable  to 
proceed  at  once  to  Boston ;  all  voted  agaiust  it,  on  the 
ground  that  it  was  imprudent  to  take  any  step  without  hav- 
iug  information  as  to  the  enemy's  operations,  antl  that  no 
matter  what  expedition  was  used  to  inform  the  Count  do 
Frouteuac,  the  Canadian  troops  could  uot  reach  Pentagoiit 
before  the  10th  of  September ;  by  which  time  the  fleet, 
whicli  had  provisions  for  only  fifty  days,  would  be  in  no 
condition  to  undertake  anything. 

These  arguments  were  unanswerable,  and  de  Nesmond 
yielded  to  them,  deeply  chagrined  to  see  a  couquest  slip 
from  his  litnids.  after  its  success  had  at  first  seemed  to 


\.^ 


niSTOKY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


73 


him  beyond  possibility  of  failure.  Ho  iruiuediately  uis- 
patched  Mr.  des  Ursins  to  Quebec  with  all  the  verisels  in- 
tended for  Canada,  and  which  had  come  to  Placeutia  un- 
der his  escort ; '  but  he  expressly  enjoined  him  to  return 
with  all  expedition  to  infm-m  him,  in  case  he  fell  in  with 
tho  EngUsh  tleet  in  the  river  or  Gulf  of  St.  Lawrence. 

He  then  proceeded  to  Great  Burin  Bay,  twenty-two 
leagues  west  of  Placentia,  to  receive  the  report  of  some 
ships  he  had  sent  out  to  reconnoitre,  and  to  be  on  the  spot 
for  des  Ursins,  wliom  he  had  notified  to  meet  him  there. 
The  reason  of  this  step  was,  that  if  ho  had  been  surprised 
by  an  English  fleet  in  Placentia  B-vy,  ho  would  have  been 
obliged  to  enter  the  port,  while  at  Great  Burin  he  would 
have  the  weather  gage  and  could  bear  down  on  tb.em. 

Early  in  August  he  learned  fron)  iirisouers  that  the 
English  were  fortifying  at  St.  John,  whereupon  ho  called 
another  council  of  war,  which  decided  unanimously  that 
the  fleet  should  sail  there  before  the  fortilications  were 
completed.  Yet  it  was  far  less  any  desire  of  taking  St. 
John,  thxt  led  to  this  resolution,  than  the  hope  of  finding 
there  a  large  number  of  ships  which  would  prove  an  easy 
capture,  for  the  same  prisoners  just  mentioned,  had  as- 
sured him  that  they  had  left  thirty-four  vessels  there, 
several  of  them  ships  of  war. 

Some  of  these,  to  the  number  of  twenty-three,  had  sailed 
from  Plymouth  on  the  14th  of  April  under  the  command 
of  Admiral  Noris,  and  had  reached  St.  John  on  the  17th 
of  Juno.  The  others  had  brought  from  Ireland  a  thous- 
and regulars  commanded  by  Colonel  Guipson.  The  fleet 
accordingly  sailed  for  tho  eastern  shore  of  Newfoundland, 
but  found  no  ships  there,  and  as  tl^e  season  was  too  far  ad- 
vanced to  remain  any  longer  in  those  seas,  the  Marquis  of 
Nesmond  was  compelled,  to  his  great  regret,  to  return  to 
France,  without  having  had  an  opportunity  to  fire  a  sin- 
gle cannon,  after  having  been  flattered  with  the  hope  of 
efleiitiug  one  of  the  most  glorious  campaigns  of  the  whole 
war." 


1697. 


De  N08- 

moiid'B 

course. 


'  Two  voriseU  were,  however,  cap- 
tured.   N.  V.  Col.  Ooc,  ix.,  p.  070-0. 


'  Neville  brought  1500  iiion  umhr 
Sir  Joliii  Gibson.    Brit.  Empire,  p. 


n 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1697.  New  France  this  year  behold  another  project  formed, 

'  '•  '  less  gloriouH  iudced,  but  one  that  would  porhaps  havo 
Pr.Jcptof  a  P'-'^ved  no  less  useful,  and  have  been  crowned  -nith  success, 
usiulry  o^n  ^^"''^  ^^^^  projector  been  supported  as  he  deserved.  For 
Lilwrcoico.  ^"^^  tinie  back  several  nu  vcluiuts  had  been  associated  to 
establish  sedentary  fishiiiss  iu  Canada;  but  they  hud 
been  unable  to  agree  ou  a  safe  and  convenient  place  for 
such  an  undertaking.  The  originator  of  this  association 
was  the  Sieur  Riverin,  already  spoken  of :  he  was  an  in- 
telligent, active,  enterprising  man,  not  disheartened  by 
obstacles.  At  last,  after  many  difficulti(;H,  he  succeeded  iu 
inducing  them  to  adopt  the  haven  of  Mont  Louis,  situated 
oji  tlie  southern  bank  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  amid  the 
mountains  of  Notre  Dame,  and  about  half  way  between 
Quebec  and  the  sea.' 
Description  This  haven  is  the  mouth  of  a  pretty  river ;  the  anchorage 
Lc'uis.  is  very  good,  and  ships  at  anchor  are  exposed  only  to  the 
north  wind,  which  very  seldom  blows  iu  summer.  The 
river  can  be  entered  by  vessels  of  a  hundred  tons.  There 
they  are  sheltered  from  all  winds  and  weather,  and  from 
the  enemy,  as  it  can  only  be  entered  at  high  tide,  there 
being  but  two  feet  of  water  at  low  tide,  although  inside  in 
the  river  they  can  always  iloat.  The  entrance  is  moreover 
easily  defended,  having  inaccessible  mountains  on  one  side, 
and  on  the  other  a  tongue  of  laud,  which  forms  a  penin- 
sula, a  gun-shot  in  width  at  the  most,  and  on  which  a  fort 
can  be  erected. 

This  same  tongue  of  land  is  also  well  adapted  for  dry- 
ing tish,  which,  as  elsewhere  noticed,  are  very  abundan'  ou 
this  bank,  from  Capo  des  Rosiers,  at  the  entrance  of  liie 
river,  to  Matane  River,  that  is  to  say,  a  space  more  than 
eighty  leagues.  Whales  may  bo  taken  even  fifteen  leagues 
higher.  As  for  the  soil  of  Mont  Louis,  it  is  adapted  for 
raising  wheat  and  all  other  kinds  of  grain,  i.ad  very  good 
pasturage  is  found  there. 

All  ships  ascending  to  Quebec,  pass  in  sight  of  Mont 


Its  utility. 


Aiiti',  vol.  iv.  |i.  13. 


illSroUV  Ol'  NEW   FUANCi:. 


to 


Louis,  aud  it  is  amaziug  that  no  uiio  has  yet  observod  tlio  ^'' 
advantage  to  bo  derived  from  tliis  post,  by  settling  it,  so 
as  to  assist  vessels  that  might  be  in  distress,  or  need  water 
and  provisions,  in  so  long  and  dangerous  a  navigation  as 
that  of  the  St.  Lawrence.'  Besides  this,  at  the  time  now 
treated  of,  a  slate  bed  had  been  discovered  there,  but  it  is 
only  within  a  few  years  that  men  have  opened  their  eyes 
to  the  use  of  an  article  that  makes  tires  less  frequent  and 
terrible  than  they  have  hitherto  been  in  New  France. 

There  is  also  much  saltpetre  at  that  place,  and  an  Indian 
one  day  brought  to  Sieur  Eivorin  a  piece  of  very  pure 
copper,  which  h)  assured  him  he  had  found  in  a  ravine  be- 
tween two  mountains.  To  conclude,  some  individuals  hav- 
ing chanced  to  visit  this  haven  to  Hsh,  had  a  most  abund- 
ant take,  altliough  they  lacked  many  things  necessary  for 
the  work,  and  it  was  on  their  report  that  lliverin's  asso- 
ciates consulted  to  form  their  establishment  there. 

Everything  was  in  the  best  possible  train  ;  several  set- 

,  Wlmt, 

tiers  had  already  started  for  the  place  by  sloop,  and  a  ship  dcfiat.d 
loaded  with  salt  and  all  kind  of  stores  was  in  the  harbor  of 
(Quebec,  waiting  only  for  a  proper  wind  to  hoist  anchor, 
when,  toward  the  end  of  May,  the  Count  de  Frontenac  re- 
ceived, as  ah-eady  mentioned,  orders  to  be  on  his  guard 
against  tlie  English,  and  not  permit  any  vessel  to  descend 
the  river.  .  hey  had  to  obey,  and  this  annoying  disap- 
pointment entirely  disgusted  lliverin's  associates.  He 
did  not  lose  heart,  howevei' ;  ho  succeeded  in  encouraging 
the  small  body  of  settlers  already  at  Mont  Louis,  and  the 
following  year  the  fishery  and  crops  were  so  abundant, 
that  all  picked  up  courage.  We  shall  see  in  due  time  wliat 
prevented  the  result  from  corresponding  to  so  liai)py  a 
commencement.' 

Meanwhile,  a  good  part  of  the  regulars  and  militia  had 
been  under  arms,  from  the  beginning  of  the  [jleasaut  sea- 
son to  the  end  of  autumn  ;  at  first  in  readiness  to  receive 


,.  tin;  pnijfCt 


'  F(ir  its  pri'Seiit  Mab;  soe  Fit-  ■  N.  Y.  Col.  Hoc,  ix..  y.  ')>*5  noto, 
Uiiiu,  Cotea  lie  In  liiigprsi'^,  in  the  ncCHllieri's  to  tin'  Minister,  Oct.  16, 
ooirOen  C'auadieunt's,  18(J1, 1).  153S.         1700.  !Soe  Charlevoix,  Joiirual, p.  63. 


IllS'I'Uliy  OF  NEW  l-'KANH'E. 


I  ^•97-      the  enemy  who  were  expected,  thou  to  execute  the  orders 
'-^"^y"^  from   tlic  Court,  whatever   they  mi{^ht  be ;   but  if   these 
Eiicct  of    prepjiratious  served  neither  to  repulse  tlie  Euglish  again 
^j^',''.',|["'pr"l*  from  before  Quebec,  nor  to  make  conquests  from  them, 
luuatioii..^.  tijyy  j^j.  igjj^gf.  ]j^,p^  j.|jg  Iroquois  in  awe,  and  gave  the  colo- 
nists a  tranquillity  of  which  fhey  had  almost  lost  the  very 
recollection. 

It  only  remained  to  humble  those  savages  in  a  mannei 
to  incapacitate  them  entirely  and  forever  from  troubling 
the  colony;  which  seemed  easy  with  the  forces  then  on 
foot,  but  before  adopting  a  final  resolution  on  this  point, 
the  Count  de  Frontenac  wished  to  see  the  result  of  the 
propositions  which  he  had  made  in  the  month  of  N(n-em- 
bcr  to  the  four  iipper  cantons.  These  cantons  had  sent  him 
deputies  to  solicit  peace,  and  after  declaring  the  conditions 
.  on  which  he  would  grant  it,  he  had  given  them  till  the 
month  of  Juno  in  the  following  year  to  come  to  a  deci- 
sion, obliging  them  meanwhile  to  leave  him  hostages. 
He  raises  a  He  then  ijrojected  sending  five  hundred  men  against  tho 
dii-Liiiutis  it.  Mohawks,  who  alone  had  taken  no  steps  to  effect  a  recon- 
ciliation with  him  ;  but  'vhen  all  was  ready  for  this  expedi- 
tion he  changed  his  mind,  under  the  pretext  that  the  snow 
Mas  not  good  enough  to  march  over  in  snow-shoes.'  Per- 
haps he  oi'ly  intended  to  alarm  the  Mohawks,  who  were, 
he  knew,  in  no  condition  to  resist  Inm,  and  \'hom  he  did 
not  believe  so  imprudent  as  to  risk  sp>  i  »g  ijieir  towns 
ruined;  yet  they  did  not  sh  -.v  any  gi«  ,iL  roisv  'n,  which 
mortified  him  greatl}-.     Moreover,  iL<  Christian  Iroquois, 


'  Captain  rti;  Ijouvigny  was  to  com- 
mand. New  York  Colonial  Doc.ix., 
p.UtiiJ;  De  hi  I'othcric,  lli.stoiri!  iln 
r.Vm'riciuc  Septentrioualo,  iv.,  p.  88. 
S''('  ante  vol.  iv.,  pp.  I;i7,  3o'.i.  Pcr- 
rot,  p.  1-10,  103 ;  N.  Y.  Col.  Uoc,  ix., 
p.  U;;i).  The  lieavy  snows  and  tlio 
iuip"h.sil)irny  of  as.-M'nil)linf^  men  in 
soason,  conipflled  Frontenac  to 
I)ostix)ne  llin  I'xix'dition  ;  Schuy- 
ler's arrival  (post  80)  made  .him 
ai.in(ton  it.  Although  operations 
Hi  ill    conli^jii'd    on    both  .sides,  ex- 


cliangos  of  prisoners  were  made. 
Thus  in  101)5  iMattliew  Cary,  sent 
by  LlrutcnanKiovernor  Stoughtou, 
canio  to  Tadou>sac  in  a  brigan- 
tinc,  and  th'-nce  by  boat  to  Que- 
bec, where  he  ellt^cted  an  ex- 
change. New  Y'ork  Coloniiil  Docu- 
iiientB,  ix.,  p.  i);!i)-l.  Papers  connect, 
ed  with  the  exchange  are  to  be  pub- 
lished by  \V.  13.  Tiask,  T-.,»,.  The 
Im'.ian  exchanges  were  made  iudu- 
j)endently. 


V,., 


UlSiOltV  01-'  NEW  FKANv'E. 


77 


•vbo  had  boon  provontocl  from  goiuj^  on  their  huntuig 
expoditious  by  those  preparations,  and  had  doubtless 
counted  on  being  made  good  at  the  expense  of  the  Mo- 
hawks, demanded  from  him  supplies  for  their  support,  and 
he  had  to  satisfy  them. 

He  had  received  by  the  last  vessels  a  new  ordinance 
from  the  King,  w'lich  annoyed  him  still  mort>  than  tho  Iro- 
(piois  matters  :  it  forbade  all  oificers  and  soldiers,  detached 
to  distant  posts,  from  carrying  on  any  traffic,  under  penalty 
of  being  broken  and  degraded  to  the  ranks  if  officers,  and 
of  tho  galleys,  if  soldiers.  The  same  penalty  was  pre- 
scribed for  voyagours,  of  v/hom  his  Majesty  wished  none 
to  be  tolerated,  enjoining  on  commandants  to  arrest  all  who 
should  be  found,  and  send  them  to  the  colony  for  trial. 

Frontenac  however  did  not  yield,  and  more  than  ever 
convinced  of  the  risk  of  executing  these  new  orders,  from 
the  murmurs  and  movemoiits  excited  at  the  first  announce- 
ment made  of  them,  he  thought  himself  justified  in  remon- 
strating with  the  Council.  His  representations  were  un- 
availing, and  Mr.  de  Pontchartrain,  by  letter  of  the  21st  of 
March  in  the  year  following,  thus  replied  : 

"  His  Majesty  i.i  very  well  pleased  with  the  activity  of 
all  your  preparations  to  joi,  the  Marqixis  do  Nesmoud, 
had  time  allowed  him  to  carry  out  the  orders  h-e  had  re- 
ceived. I  have  attentively  perused  what  you  wrote  as  to 
the  suppression  of  the  conges ;  you  will  please  let  mo  tell 
you,  that  you  give  a  little  too  much  credit  to  men,  who, 
from  motives  of  avarice,  advocate  trading  in  the  woods. 
If  you  )  id  considered  the  evil  results  it  has  produced,  you 
would  have  condemned  more  severely  so  evil  a  practice. 

"  They  have  endeavored  to  make  yon  fear  that  our  In- 
dian allies  would  join  the  Iroquois  and  make  war  on  us,  if 
we  stopped  going  to  trade  with  theui  in  the  voods.  I  con- 
fess I  do  not  clearly  see  tlie  reason  for  this,  and  it  seems 
lo  me  that  we  should  expect  just  the  reverse,  provided 
pains  are  taken  to  explain  to  the  Indians,  that  his  Majesty's 
intention  in  making  this  prohibition,  is  to  enable  them  to 


i6 


97- 


New  royal 
or'liimu('u 

buslilopcra. 


''"'rnntenac 
ro.inoii- 
strat(;a. 


78 


HISrOUY  OF  NFAV   FUANl'B. 


1 697. 


Pontclmr- 
traiii's 
reply. 


get  f^oodn  from  the  Freucli  at  first  liaiul,  to  permit  thorn  I.) 
well  theirs  at  perfect  liberty,  ami  secure  thorn  the  profit  ol' 
the  trade  with  ludiaus  Ijing  boyoud  thorn. 

"  You  are  too  familiar  with  tho  History  of  Canada,  uot  to 
know  that  the  war,  that  wo  have  for  so  many  years  sus- 
tained against  tho  Iroquois  with  so  mnch  cost  and  care, 
arose  solely  from  the  fact  that  the  late  Mr.  de  la  Barr.j 
liad  wished  to  carry  on  trade  with  more  remote  nation?;. 
Those  Indians,  who  are  now  allied  to  tho  English,  would 
not  be  long  in  turning  against  them,  if  tho  English  wished 
to  pass  through  their  country  to  go  and  trado  dii'ectly  with 
other  Indians."  ' 

This  letter  had  no  effect,  beyond  the  publication  of  the 
King's  last  ordinance,  which  the  Count  de  Frontenac  at 
once  promulgated  ; "  but  the  preservation  of  tliO  advanced 
posts,  which  the  Kinsr  had  authorized  on  the  representa- 
tions of  tho  Intondant  and  the  Governor  of  Montreal, 
soon  restored  to  power  tho  conges,  and  the  trade  the 
Minister  sought  to  abolish. 

To  rctarn  to  the  Iroquois.  What  contributed  most  to 
keep  alive  Froutenac's  hopes  of  a  speedy  and  durable 
peace  with  thai  nation,  was  tho  fact  that  tliey  and  the 
English  had  been  pretty  roughly  handled  by  our  allies  dur- 
ing tho  preceding  campaign.  Tho  Abunaquis  had  ter- 
minated it  by  a  stroke  of  gvea*  vigor,  having  carried,  toma- 
hawk in  hand,  a  fort  only  six  leagues  from  the  capital  of 
New  England,  the  entire  garrison  being  taken  or  killed.' 
Almost  at  the  same  time  twenty  Iroquois,  who  had  gone  to 
surprise  tho  Ottawas,  were  discovered  and  entirely  de- 
feated by  the  Huvons.' 

Bui  wha*^  completed  tho  consternation  of  these  haughty 
foemeu,  was   the  chock   the}'  received   near   Catarocouy. 


1  Pontchartrain  to  Fronteunc,  May  Hutchinson's  Hist.  Maes.,  ii.,  p.  100. 
31.  N.  Y.   Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  (i7(l.  Murdoch.  Hist.  Nova  Scotin,  i.,  pp. 

•  They  aro   uol   in   llie   recently  2o-4-7,    ^'ivo    other    operatioDs    In 

ooUccterl  Edits  ot  wrdonnances.  Maine. 

2  Apparently  Lan<^n»ti'r,  where  20        ^  This  seems  to  be  tho  Hat's  vic- 
ar "JO  were  killed  in  Sept.,  Ki'J?.  tory  already  noted,  ante  p.  08. 


""^IFSSf^'r' 


IIISTORV   OF   NEW    FlJANl'E. 


79 


Black  Kottlo,  the  Ouomliif^a  cliiof,  alreaJy  frocjiieatly  luoii-  i')97- 
tioueil,  aud  tho  most  rouowuod  Iroquois  cafituiu  at  tho  ^"^""V"^ 
timo  iu  his  uatiou,  approaclKul  that  fort  with  aliout  forty 
wa'  riors,  under  prutoncc  of  liuutiui^,  aud  the  bottor  to  mask 
his  doslgu,  seut  to  iaf<jrm  Mr.  do  la  Gomorayo,  tho  com- 
maudaut  t)f  tho  fort,  tliat  tho  saoliumo  of  the  four  upper  ean- 
tous  wore  about  to  start  forthwith  for  (Jiiebeo  to  couchuh) 
peace.  Ho  spoko  truly,  tho  doputios  being  those  receutly 
moutioned. 

But   as  ho  was  kuowu  to  be  a  persoual  Ciomy  of  tho  Exploit  of 
Frouch,  aud   moreover  as  his  envoys,  cither  of  their  onii     yomuc 
head  or  by  iiis  orders,  had   tho  inipriideuce  to  add,  tliat  Algonqulna 
during  this  uegotiatiou   the  young  Iroquois  braves  were 
goiug  to  attack  the  Ottawas,  to  avcuge  the  groat  losses  iu- 
flicted  on  tlio  Iroquois  witliiu  the  last  year,  no  doubt  ^/as 
eiitertaiued  but  tht.t  ho  had  some  hostile  design.     Dt  la 
Gemerayo  wovrld  not,  however,  take  it  upon  himself  to  at- 
tack him,  at  a  timo  when  he  knew  that  his  general  was 
really  negotiating  with  the  cantons  :  he  merely  held  him- 
self on  his  guard  aud  iufoi'ined  the  Count  de  Frouteuuc  of 
what  had  occurred. 

He  received  a  reply  not  to  undertake  anything  against 
the  Iroquois  ;  but  to  endeavor  quietly  to  seize  some  of  tho 
leading  men  of  Black  Kettle's  party  aud  send  them  to  him. 
His  letter  came  too  late.  While  the  Iroquois  were  hunt- 
ing with  great  coufidenco  back  of  Catarocouy,  thirtf-four 
Algouquius,  the  oldest,  we  are  assured,  not  twenty  years  of 
age,  surprised  them  near  a  place  called  Quinte,  killed  half 
of  them,  including  their  chief  himself;  took  his  wiie  and 
some  others  prisoners,  and  this  brilliant  victory  cost  them 
only  six  of  their  men. 

Oureouhare  arrived  at  Quebec  nearly  at  the  sama  timo 
as  this  intelligence  :  he  assured  Frontonac  that  his  oanton, 
Cayuga,  was  sincerely  disposed  to  peace  ;  he  was  believed, 
for  all  were  convinced  that  he  would  not  have  said  so,  had 
it  not  been  tho  case.  A  few  days  after,  he  was  taken  down 
with  a  pleurisy,  which  carried  him  oii'  quite  suddenly.  He 
died  as  a  sincere  Christian,  and  was  buried  with  tho  same 
honor  usually  shown  to  captains  in  the  army. 


DoiUliof 

(,)iiri;- 
ouUar^, 


80 


mSl'OKY  OF  NEW   FIUNCE. 


HiH 

iul()ti;y. 


1 697.  It  is  siiitl  that  whou  the  iuiH!!ii(juary  who  attended  him 

"""^'""^  durijif,'  his  iihioss,  was  Hpeakiu;^  ouo  day  of  the  opprobrium 
and  ignominy  of  tho  Passion  of  tlie  Saviour  of  Men,  the 
chiof  was  fillod  with  such  a  feehng  of  indignation  against 
tho  Jdws,  tliat  ho  criod  out:  "Why  was  I  not  thero?  I 
would  have  prevented  them  from  so  treating  my  God." 
This  Indian  must  really -liave  had  something  very  amiable  in 
his  tlis|)ositi(in,  foi'  I  find  in  several  authorities,  that  when- 
ever Jie  ajipeared  either  at  (jueboe  or  Montreal,  the  people 
never  failed  to  ovineo  their  friendship.'  Count  de  Froutenac 
regretted  him  all  tht;  more,  from  his  C(jn8tant  reliance  on  his 
intllience  lo  eouehuh)  tlie  settlenieat  with  tlio  Iroquois 
which  ho  so  earnestly  desired,  and  never  lost  hope  of  ef- 
fecting.' 
First  In  the  month  of  February  four  Englishmen"  arrived  from 

oi  piuco  Orange  (Albany)  at  Montreal,  api>arenlly  to  negotnite  an 
In  c'luimia.  exchange  of  prisoners,  and  hum  them  was  received  the  first 
intelligence  of  a  peace  ann)ng  the  European  powers.'  This 
1698  was  conlirmed  in  the  mouth  of  May  by  the  arrival  of  Colo- 
nel Schuiller,  Major  of  Orange,  (Albany,)  and  Dellius  tho 
minister,  who  brought  back  nineteen  French  prisoners.' 
They  also  handed  to  tho  Count  de  Frouteua^j  a  letter  from 
the  Chevalier  de  Bellomont,  Governor- General  of  New 
Enghu',  dated  at  New  York  (Manhatte),  April  22d,  of 
which  tii.)  following  is  a  translation,  as  Mr.  de  Pontchar- 
traiu  received  it  on  the  return  of  tho  vessels. 


'  Hilatiim  &c.,  lC!)7-8.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  (ibi.  De  la  Pothcrk', 
iv.,  \>.  89-91. 

''  Among  iho  uvc^nts  of  U>\ii  may 
Ix;  addcil  tht^  foumlntion  of  tho  Ur- 
suline  Convent,  AcuikMuy  and  Hos- 
pital at  Three  Rivcre.  Five  nuna 
left  the  Quebec  eimveiit,  Oct.  8., 
1097.  Jucherenu,  IliHtoiro  de  I'lio- 
tel  Dieii,  p.  y~4.  Les  UrHulini's  de 
Quebec,  i.,  pp.  50;J-507.  Mother 
Mary  Drouet  was  the  first  Superi  ir 
and  the  convent  had  been  built  by 
Vaudreuil  for  a  reuidence.  lb.  For 
the  UrBulines  see  ante,  vol.   ii.,    p. 


101.     Histoire  (le  Dieppe,  ii.,  p.  133. 

'  Abraham  Hchuyler,  with  a 
Frenchniuii,a  Dutchman,  a  Mohawk 
and  a  Mohogan,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
p.  082. 

*  The  Peace  of  Ryswick,  between 
Fiance  and  England,  signed  Sept. 
20,  1097,  required  a  restitution  of  all 
places  pa])turid  ;  th<'  French  cajiitu- 
Intion  of  Fort  liourbon  in  Sept.,  KiOO, 
to  be  carried  out.  Corps  Diploma- 
tique, VII.,  ii.,  399.  Mimioires  des 
C'oraniisKaires,  ii.,  92,  99,  100. 

'N.  Y.  Col.  Doe.,  ix..  p.  (iS3. 
Sniitli,  lli.-:i,ory  of  New  Vork,  p.  93 


-3tJI3fl"--^- 


IIISTonV  OK  N!;\V  l-'KANOK. 


81 


"TIio  Kiiif^  h.vvin;^  doiio  nw  thn  Jionov  to  appoint  mo      i^'98. 
Govornor   of  si'Vi'val   of  liis   Proviuciis  in   Amcriiiu,  ami   ""^  ^ 
among  otliors  of  that  of  Now  York,  I  iiavn  coiwiiloifil  it   ,_^,j_,j.  ,,f 
right,  whilo  tondoi-iiig  you  mj  rtspectrf,  to  inform  you  of  tlio  f ',',',:, [J,',',^.',;,^] 
peace,  which   hiiH  boon   couchidccl  by  the  King  find  the  ''{,^^'j"'/j{,\'; 
Confedoratcs  with   the  most  Christiiui  King,  the  articles  <'"iii't  'if 
whereof  1  enclose.     Tho  peace  was  proclaimed  at  Jjiiiid«.>u 
iu  tho  montli  of  October  last,  shortly  before  my  departure 

from  England,  but  as  my  voyage  was  long, 1  could  not 

an'ive  before  tho  2nd  instant. 

"  I  transmit  tiiis  letter  by  Colonel  Schuiller,  member  of 
the  King's  Council  iu  this  province,  accompanied  by  Mr. 
Dollius,  both  gentloniou  of  position  and  worth,  to  show  you 
my  esteem  for  a  person  of  your  rank.  These  geutlomen 
will  take  you  all  tho  French  jirisouers  found  in  tho  hands 
of  tho  English  of  this  province.  As  for  those  wIkj  aro 
prisoners  with  our  Indians,  I  shall  send  orders  to  have 
them  set  at  liberty  as  soon  as  possible,  with  a  good  escort, 
if  that  be  necessary,  to  conduct  tliem  in  all  security  to 
Montreal.  I  have  no  doubt,  sir,  that  you,  on  your  side 
will  give  orders  to  release  all  the  King's  subjects  takeu 
prisoners  among  you  during  the  war,  both  Christiaus  and 
Indians,  in  order  that  good  understanding  and  freetrade, 
which  are  the  ordinary  fruits  of  peace,  may  bo  renowod  on 
both  sides,  conformably  to  the  union  it  has  caused  between 
our  royal  masters.'" 


I  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  090. 
Kicliard  Coote,  1st  Earl  of  Bullomout; 
mill  3iul  Baron  of  I'oloony, .  tin! 
County  of  Sligo,  bom  in  IGoO,  wiw 
trrandson  of  Sir  Chitrlo  Co<jte,  a  ftTf> 
cioiip  soidier  of  fortune  in  Ireland. 
Kicliard  succeedod  liis  father  as 
Haron  lOtli  July,  l(i8;>.  He  went  to 
the  continent  to  espouse  the  inter- 
eats  of  W'illinm,  who  after  till'  ri:vo- 
lution  luadi-  hiiii  'I'rcasurer  imd  Re- 
ceiver General  to  Queen  Mary,  and 
Karl  of  Belloiiiont.  He  was  made 
•jovernor  of  New  Yorli  lli!)7.  was 
blown  off  to  Barliadoes,  N.  Y.  (.'ol. 


Doc,  iv.,  ','1)6,  and  did  not  reach 
New  York  tiU  April  and,  1U!I8.  lb. 
p.  !i03,  Smitli's  New  York,  DO.  Ho 
■was  intensely  l)igoted,  and  by  a 
strange  abus.^  of  power  jiasBed  a  san- 
guinary penal  law  against  tlie  Cath- 
olic missiimaries  among  the  Indians. 
Ho  died  at  New  Y'ork,  March  •'jth. 
1701,  ami  was  buried  in  the  chapel 
in  the  fori,  but  now  lies  in  St.  Paul's 
churcliyiird.  U' (.'allaghi'ii,  in  the 
N.  Y.  Col.  Hoc  ,  iv.,  p.  ^51-^00  Ac. 
Smith's  New  York  p.  1)0  &c.  TI:o 
letter  here  given  is  not  extant  in  En- 
glish :  it  is- mentioned  vol.  iv..  p.  305. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FHANt'K, 


1698.         The  Count  ill)  Froiitcnac  replied  l)y  n  letter  tlfttod  tho 

"""^"^  8tli  of  June,  iu  which  after  meotiug  politouo.ss  by  polito- 

Fronteniic's  ucs.s,  ho  bttvtes  Unit  iilthoni;h  iio  hiul  not  r(!Coivcd  from  his 

"'^^'  rojid  tiiaster  a  coufinuntiuu  of  the  peace,  ho  would  without 
dillieuhy  hand  over  to  McHsr.s.  Schuillier  and  Dollius,  tho 
Eiij^Hsh  and  Dutch  wiio  were  prisoners  iu  his  colonj'  ami 
who  wore  wilHng  to  return  ;  that  ho  had  uevcr  refused  to 
niako  those  exchanges  in  tlio  very  heat  of  tho  war,  not- 
witlistiiiiduig  the  ill-treatment  wiiicii  Ca])taiu  do  Villiou 
arid  several  other  Frenchmen  had  received  at  tlio  hands  of 
tho  English,  and  ca])ituhitiona  more  than  onco  violated ; 
that  he  was  convinced  he  would  not  a[)provo  such  proceed- 
ings, nor  sull'er  Captain  Bapiistc,  a  jirivateer,'  to  he  any 
longer  kept  iu  chains  and  treated  with  greatest  rigor. 

Ho  then  said  that  he  could  not  understand  his  empower- 
ing j\Iessrs.  Schuillier  and  DoUius  to  demand  back  the  Iro- 
quois ]irisoners  in  New  Franco,  promising  to  restore  tho 
French  among  tliom ;  tliat  these  nations  had  boon  nego- 
tiating with  him  since  tho  preceding  autumn,  and  had  left 
in  his  hands  a  hostage  as  a  security  for  their  word ;  that 
ho  would  treat  witli  them  alone ;  and  that  it  was  useless 
for  him  to  interfere  iu  that  m  gotiation,  as  thoy  were  dis- 
obedient children  to  their  father,  and  had  always  boeu 
under  tho  King's  dominion,  even  before  tho  English  be- 
came masters  of  New  York  ;  that  \m  had  such  precise  or- 
ders not  to  swerve  from  this  principle,  that  ho  could  not 
avoid  obeying  it  till  ho  received  counter  orders ;  tliat  no 
difliculties  arising  on  this:  point,  would  affect  tho  good  un- 
derstanding wliich  lie  hoj)ed  to  maintain  wit'h  him  ;  that  im- 
mediately on  receiving  the  lirst  intelligence  of  peace,  ho 
had  taken  suital)le  measures  to  prevent  tho  Indians  domi- 
cihated  m  tho  French  colony  from  continuing  their  hostili- 
ties against  the  English  settlements  ;  that  he  had  given 
the  same  direction  to  the  Canibas  and  other  Indians  living 
on  the  Acadia  coast ;  but  as  they  were  quite  remote  from 
him,  and  much  incensed  at  the  detention  of  several  of  their 


'  Bi\iitist  wna  not  rolenbol  till  alU^r  1705.    Murdocli,  1.,  p.  279. 


IIISTOUY  OF  NKW  FllANCK. 


-•*«t:srr- 


people  an  prisonorH  id  UoHton,  ho  foarod  thoy  mij^lit  pro- 
cooil  to  8(JiiU)  liuaouttvblo  oxtromity,  uhIihs  thoy  woro  at 
oiK'o  satiHiioil  on  this  Hcoro  ;  tliat  till  tliis  wan  iIdik*,  ho 
couhl  not  ohlif^c  thorn  to  give  up  tlio  Eiif^lisli  priMUitii's 
tliou  luaoiig  thoiii,  uuil  that  ho  behoved  thoiu  justitloil  iu 
uot  yiokliug  ou  thia  point,  uiasnmch  as  thoy  had  hoou 
froijuonlly  diqxis  of  thou*  good  faith,  having  ou  dilFoi'- 
out  ocoaaions  given  up  EnghHlinion,  without  auccood- 
ing  iu  getting  any  of  thuir  own  mon  iu  exoliango. ' 

Messrs.  Sclmilh'''  n.i>''  "  IHuh'  sot  out  witli  this  reply, 
charmod  with  the  ...-jaut  lUHiiuors  aud  gracious  recoptiou 
given  thoin  by  tlie  Count  do  FroutoiKu;.  About  two 
montlis  after,  aoiuo  Irocpioia  of  Sault  St.  Louis  waited  ou 
the  Goveruor-Genoral  with  intolligonco  from  the  Moliawks 
tluit  gave  him  much  pleasure.  Tiioy  had  just  como  from 
that  canton,  to  wliich  thoy  had  gouo  on  a  visit  to  their  Icin- 
drod,  a  thing  these  ludums  could  uot  refrain  from  doing 
from  time  to  time,  oven  in  the  heart  of  the  war ;  wr  have 
soon  the  umbrage  taken  at  it  more  than  once  by  Count  do 
Frontonac ;  but  neither  ho  noi  their  missionarius  had 
succeeded  iu  ollectiug  any  reform  on  this  i)oint.' 

Thoy  stated  that  during  their  stay'  in  this  country,  the 
Chevalier  do  Bellomont  had  hold  a  gi'oat  council,  which 
was  attoudcd  by  the  sachems  of  the  five  cantons  :  that 
the  Mohawks  had  l>ignu  by  dechtrirg  that  ihey  woro  mas- 
ters of  their  own  lands,  on  which  thoy  had  boon  living  long 
before  the  English  appeared ;  that  to  show  him  that  all 
the  places  occupied  by  the  nation  belonged  to  it  as  theii' 
own,  they  were  going  to  throw  into  the  fire  all  the  papers 
given  to  them  or  signed  on  various  occasions,  as  thoy  did 
on  the  spot. 


1  tn,H. 


C'dtlilurt 

of  llii. 

Mdliawks 

lowiirdH 

Bulloiuont 


'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.ix.,  p.  (59U-1. 

'  ].oii«iiig,  Lil'i!  ol  Scliuykr,  i.  i>.  liS, 
uvidi'ntly  confounds  Jolin  iind  Fi^ti-r 
Scliujler. 

UiKllrcy  Doll, or  UvHhm,  eaniu  to 
Albany  in  llib^i  uk  Dutch  minisirr, 
«a.s  ini|iri.si)nid  \ty  I,i.'inli'r  in  lO'.IO, 
rti'iiUnl  l)y  Slimglili  I- in  Kl'Jl.  At 
U  r  the  nli.s^■iou  lurr  dtsoribid,  \iv\ 


lomout  turnud  ojiiiinst  him,  and  by 
ajt  of  the  Lt'ghihituri.'  Buspcudttd 
him  iu  loyu.  Ui;  tln^u  wtu'  to  Eu- 
roiK;  and  was  alive  in  171 1. 

lie 'lion  ion  t's  instructions  to  tliiau 
will  1)0  found  in  N.  Y.  Col.  Dm-.,  iv., 
|i.  ;J10,  and  llicir  mission,  p.  ;!17. 

•■•  N.  V.Cnl  Kocv,  ix.,  1).  (181.  Du 
Iu  I'ollidir,  iv  ,  p,  '^01 


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84 


UISI'OUV   OF  NEW  KUAN(  K. 


1698.  To  this  cloclarfttiou  thoy  luldod,  it  in  true,  a  proposition, 

—•"y"^  which  souiowhat  loiissuroil  him  and  induced  liini  to  cloak 

liis  resontmont ;  this  was  to  detain  tlio  Indians  uf  tS  uilt  St. 

Ti'"       Ijouis,  who  were  among  them,  till  tho  Count  do  Frontenac! 

(iciVrriKllH 

liKipo^iiidu  had  Hout  back  all  tho  Irocpiois  whom  ho  detained.  He 
Iruiiuoib.  nevertheless  durst  not  bocomo  a  party  to  this  perlidy,  for 
foar  the  odium  would  revert  on  him.  lie  oven  adtled  that 
tho  cantons  must  not  be  surprised  to  see  their  affairs  in  a 
wretched  plight,  and  that  to  secure  peace  with  tho  French 
thoy  must  solicit  it  by  a  deputation  of  tho  whole  nation ; 
that  he  wished  to  ol)taiu  this  peace,  so  essential  to  their 
prc^isrvatiou ;  but  that  to  enable  him  to  tormiuato  this  im- 
portant matter  advantageously  for  thtsm,  it  was  oxpe Jiout 
that  they  should  give  up  to  him  all  their  prisoners,  ho  un- 
dertaking to  convey  them  to  Montreal. 

Then  he  told  them,  that  he  was  awaro  that  thoy  had 
waged  war  from  time  immemorial  on  the  nations  styled  al- 
lies oi  the  French ;  that  he  left  them  free  to  continue  it  or 
make  peace  ;  but  that  he  forbade  all  hostilities  agahist  Die 
Froiu  h  and  among  tiie  Indians  domiciliated  among  them. 
Till  n  addressing  the  Iroi[Uois  of  Sault  St.  Louis,  he 
told  them  that  ho  was  delighted  to  see  them  on  his  terri- 
tory, where  they  shoulil  bo  ever  welcome,  and  that  tiie 
past  must  bo  for^jotten.  To  these  marks  of  friendship  ho 
added  presents  which  they  accepted ;  but  they  told  him 
tiiat  they  coidd  give  no  reply,  nor  make  .luy  arrange  - 
meiit  witii  him,  because  they  wore  not  empowered  ther-  to 
by  their  sachems  or  their  father  Ouonthio.' 
Tho  Frontenac  asked  what  reply  tho  sachems  had  made  to 

'"^Hil'm'"    Ijellomont's  request  for  the  delivery  of  the  prisoners  to 

'"','t"ur. '"  ^*""-     ^'''"y  *°*^  ^""^  ^^^'^^  ^^^^y  ^"-^  consented  to  it,  but 
w  ithout  fixing  a  time  for  its  oxocution.    Tho  General  saw 


■  Ht'liitinn  Sic..  1097-8.  Nmv  York 
Col.  1)(H\,  ix..]).  ((HI.  Odiifi  ri-iicr  1k! 
twiHii  tlif  Kuvl  of  Ui'lloinoiit  iind  tli.t 
Five  Niitioii.-i  of  IiicliaiiH  III  Allmny, 
July  30.  KlUS.  |iriiilt'il  by  Hrndfonl, 
ri'printiMl  in  vol.  III.  N,  V.  Ilidoriiiil 
Siwriciy,  ni:w  MiiiH.  It  Is  MlV'rrfil  lu 
N.  Y.  (\<\.  l)oc ,  iv  ,  p.  ;i(j7. 


Tht!  Iro'iatU  during;  thu  wiir  hud 
bcini  n-ilucod  from  ^.'li.JO,  to  1 2150  fight- 
iuff  men.  N.  V .  C'oi.  Doc,  iv.,  |).  bUT  ; 
Ih'lni'mt.  IliKtoirr  dii  Ciiutula,  \\  3li, 
wiyK  that  tlicy  were  ri'duci-d  to  butt', 
and  puts  tbi!  Kruncb  losa  inkiIKU 
uud  taki't)  at  OUO. 


UiSTOHY  OK  NEW    H'.ANlE. 


85 


tii.it  tlio  Eiij^'UhU  Clovoruor  ami  Hie  Iroqiiom  distrusUid 
tivcli  (jtluT  1111(1  wore  actiiif^  t'juitiuusly,  tluil  tlu)  latter  wore 
gild  to  iivuil  tlicinst'lvcs  of  tlio  foriin'i'  to  oht.iin  bettor 
conditions,  aiul  that  the  (Joviriior  wislied  t(j  profit  l)y  tlio 
occusiou  to  obtiiiu  tlio  rigiit  of  soveroignty  of  tlio  Eii}^lish 
crown  over  tho  ciiutons ;  Imt  that  it  would  uot  bo  impossi- 
ble to  use  these  dis))ositioiis  on  both  sides  to  eft'ect  ft 
broach  between  tlioiu,  and  tliat  tho  surest  way  of  Hueceed- 
iiiL,'  was  to  gain  tho  Inhjuois  by  showing  tiieiu  that  liio 
]Cuglish  wished  to  dispose  of  tlioir  country  nd  tliomsi.lvijs 
as  masters. 

Willi  this  view,  as  he  had  learned  meanwhile  that  some 
Mohawks  had  come  to  Sault  Ht.  fjouis,  also  to  visit  tli'ir 
kindred,  he  not  only  sent  to  recommond  the  latt(!r  to 
receive  tlioin  woU,  but  lie  evea  invited  them  to  come  to 
Montreal,  where  by  his  orders  nothing  was  omitted  to  ro- 
gahi  tliem  well  and  ex)n'es8  tho  joy  felt  at  si'eing  them.  They 
were  touched  by  it,  and  remained  in  that  city  cpiite  a  time, 
with  a  contidouco  from  which  tho  people  augured  well  fur 
thi^  future.  Tiio  moro  enlightened  did  not  rely  U])on  it, 
l)ut  it  was  something  llattering  for  these  Indians  to  see 
liieinselves  thus  sought  by  two  powers,  either  of  which  eould 
have  destroyed  them  in  less  than  ono  campaign,  and  whose 
mutual  ji'iilousy  tht^y  had  contrived  to  work  ui)on  so  skill- 
fully as  to  inspire  fear,  and  in  some  sent  respect,  from  both. 

A  second  letter  which  tho  Count  do  Frontenac  roceivcd 
from  the  Chevalier  do  Bollomout,  dated  New  York,  August 
13th,  confirmed  Frouteuac's  opinion,  that  his  best  course 
in  tho  prpseut  conjuncture  was  to  endeavor  to  inspire  tho 
cantons  with  distrust  of  tho  English,  or  rather  increase 
that  distrust  they  already  felt,  so  as  to  lead  them  to  some 
step  suited  to  our  interest.  This  letter  and  the  Count  de 
Frouteuac's  reply  I  have  deemed  worth  inserting. 


lOyl- 


Fliililill;!.' 

undrrtiikiH 

III  :;:iin 

lUiiii. 


"  I  have  but  just  arrived  from  tho  frontiers,  wliero  I  hod 
a  conference  with  our  Five  Nations  of  Indians,  whom  you 
stylo  Iroipiois.  They  most  earnestly  b<>gged  me  to  con- 
tinue them  under  the  protection  of  the  Kin;,',  uiy   !\l.isler, 


86 


nmTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1698.     having  protested  at  the  same  time  inviolable  subjection  and 

■-^v"*-'  fidelity  to  bis  Majesty,  and  having  complained  of  the  out- 

UoUomont''}  ragos  committed  on  them  by  your  Fronc'.i  and  Indiana  of 

Tetter.     Canada,  in  violation  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  in  which  they 

deemed  themselves  included  by  virtue  of  the  fidelity  they 

owe  the  King,  as  his  subjects.     They  have  also  shown  mo 

that  your  people  have  taken  or  earned  off  ninety-four  of 

their  people  since  the  pubUcation  of  peace,  which  surprises 

mo  greatly,  the  more  osiiocially  as  the  Irocjuois  or  Five 

Indian  Nations  have  always  been  regarded  as  subjects  of 

the  crown  of  England,  as  can  bo  shown  to  all  the  world  by 

solid  and  authentic  proofs. 

"  But  as  I  see  by  your  letter  of  the  8th  of  June  last,  it 
would  be  useless  for  me  to  prove  it,  as  you  toll  me  posi- 
tively that  yo\ir  orders  are  so  prooiao ....  that  you  cannot 
overstep  them  till  you  receive  fresh  instructions ....  You 
are  well  aware  that  the  incursions  and  hostilities  committed 
by  your  people  on  our  Indians  before  the  last  war,  were  the 
chief  cause  why  the  King  declared  war  against  France,  us 
sot  forth  in  the  declaration,  so  that  I  am  astonished  at  your 
wishing  to  continue  it ....  on  oui'  Indians,  as  it  is  a  man- 
ifest violation  of  the  treaty. 

"  The  King  my  Master  has,  thank  God,  too  much  penetra- 
tion in  affairs  aud  too  groat  a  heart  to  renounce  his  right. 
And  for  me,  I  have  his  interests  too  much  at  heart  to 
suffer  your  people  to  commit  the  smallest  insult  on  our  In- 
dians, especially  to  treat  them  as  enemies.  I  have  there- 
fore given  them  orders  to  be  on  their  guard,  and  in  case 
thoy  are  attacked,  to  give  no  quarter  either  to  Frenchmen 
or  Indians,  having  furnished  them  all  the  assistance  they 
required.  You  see,  sir,  I  make  no  difiiculty  in  informing 
you  of  all  my  proceedings,  wherein  I  am  certain  of  being 
sustained  by  the  King  my  Master 

"To  show  you  how  little  our  Five  Nations  of  Indians 
regard  your  Jesuits  and  other  missionaries,  thoy  have  ad- 
dressed mo  re])eiLted  instances  to  induce  mo  to  expel  them 
from  their  connliT,  rt'prosenting  to  nu;  that  they  were  op- 
pressed by  tluaa  :  and  they  have  conjured  me  to  soud  lliem 


IIIHTOHY    OF   NRW    KIlANl'K. 


87 


some  of  oui'  Protestant  ministers  to  instruct  thorn  in  the 
Christian  roligiou.  Tiiis  T  havo  promised  them,  ami  yon  ' 
have  done  well  to  forbid  your  missionaries  to  intorf<n-o  any 
further  with  them,  if  they  do  not  wish  to  undergo  tlie  pun- 
ishmout  provided  by  t!io  hvws  of  England.,  and  which  I  will 
assuredly  enforce  every  time  tii(*y  fall  into  my  hands,  the 
Indians  having  promised  to  bring  them  to  mo  as  prisoners. 

"  In  conclusion,  if  you  do  not  arrest  acts  of  hostility  on 
yoitr  side,  you  will  bo  hold  resjionsiblo  for  all  the  conso- 
qucncos  that  may  ousuo,  and  I  shall  leave  the  whole  world 
to  judge  whioli  of  us  is  more  in  the  wrong,  you  for  rekindling 
war,  or  I  for  defending  our  Indians  against  your  attacks. 

"  Those  Indians  were  willing  to  put  into  my  hands  all  tho 
prisoners  taken  from  you  during  tho  war,  exceeding  one 
hundred  in  numl)or,  on  condition,  that  I  should  assure  thorn 
of  tho  liberation  of  their  people  whom  you  retain  ;  but  I 
was  unwilling  to  assume  all  this,  till  I  once  more  sought 
to  loam  your  resolution.  I  send  you  back,  however,  four 
French  prisoners  whom  our  Indians  had  brought  to  Or- 
ange, (Albany,)  with  mj  passport  to  take  them  to  Canada. 
If  you  consent  to  an  exchange  of  prisoners  on  both  sides, 
you  will  do  well  to  give  me  notice  thereof,  that  I  havo 
those  of  your  people  who  are  in  tho  hands  of  tho  Indians 
br  jught  together. 

"  They  inform  mo  from  New  England  that  your  people 
have  killed  two  Englishmen  near  a  village  called  Alfiado, 
(Hatfiold,)  and  thai  this  occurred  about  tho  15th  of  last 
mouth,  as  the.so  poor  people  wore  harvesting  unarmed, 
deeming  themselves  socuro  by  reason  of  the  peace.  Sucli 
cruelties  cannot  bo  hoard  of  without  horror :  and  never- 
theless, it  is  considered  that  the  reward  you  give  your  al- 
lies, said  to  bo  fifty  crowns  for  each  scalp,  encourages  them 
to  it.  You  will  not,  I  think,  take  it  amiss,  if  I  tell  you  that 
this  seems  to  mo  utterly  opposed  to  Christianity. 

"  Day  before  yesterday  two  Onondagas  camo  to  uiform 
mo  that  you  had  sent  two  rebels  of  their  nation  to  declare 
to  the  upper  cantous,  that  in  case  they  did  not  come  to 
Canada  in  forty-five  days,  you   would   march   into   their 


1698. 


80  msToin  of  nkw  khanck. 

i6fyS.  ooniitry  (it  tlic  lioful  of  nn  army  to  coiniml  tln-m  liv  foroo. 
""^•"^^  Ami  I,  on  Tiiy  nuh,  to-day  (lisjuilch  m^'  Li«ajt('imiit-(ilov- 
eninr  with  ro^^iilar  troops  of  thv  King  to  oppo.sti  tlie  Iioh- 
tilitioa  you  intiy  undurtuko ;  I  will  ovon,  if  nocd  be,  put 
every  men  in  tiie  j)rovincos  nnder  my  Rovernmont,  in  arms, 
to  nipulHc  you  and  ondoavor  to  mako  reprisals  for  tlio  in- 
jury you  may  do  onr  Indians.'  " 

Frf>nt4;niic'9        u       i     i         i    .    i,     • 

rc'fl( (tii.ii       nucli  loud  talk  is  often  a  mark  of  conscious  weaknosH  ; 
on  lliU  ,    ,  •     1       ii  ,         1  .1  , 

Kuor.      men  seek  to  {^ain  by  threiits  what  they  know  they  cannot 

carry  by  force  ;  and  the  whole  thread  of  this  history  shows 
that  the  Eiif^lish  have  always  iissumed  tJus  lone,  when 
uniiblc  to  su])port  their  pretensions  by  arms.  Frontonuc 
was  not  iluped  l)y  tht;  manner  iu  wiiich  tlie  Jiuj^lish  {gen- 
eral wished  to  make  his  avail,  and  even  saw  that  this  bat- 
tery was  oj)eu(!d  no  less  on  tiie  Iroquois  thiui  on  him,  anl 
tiio  Chevalier  JJellomont  took  up  thi  ir  defence  thus 
warmly,  only  to  enslavt)  tliiiii  more  seeun^ly. 

He  was  not  a  man  to  omit  sufJigesting  this  reflection  to 
them,  and  he  probably  deferred  his  rcj)ly  to  the  letter  just 
received  for  a  period,  only  from  his  wish  to  have  time  to 
imparl  it  to  th(uu  and  be  sure  of  their  opinion  of  it.  It 
seems  certain,  at  least,  that  he  awaited  the  arrivid  of  tho 
ships  from  Fiance,  to  sec  whether  they  brought  him  any 
orders  touching  tho  jxnnt.  Be  that  as  it  may,  his  reidy 
to  Chevalier  Bellomout,  dated  September  2l8t,  ran  thus 


Hit  reply. 


"  I  should  not  have  deferred  so  long  sending  to  receive 
some  intelligence  of  jou  by  persons  of  merit  ami  disthiction, 
and  to  return  the  civilities  you  were  pleased  to  express 
through  iSIessrs.  Schuiller  and  Dellius,  had  the  vessels  I  ex- 
pected from  France  arrived  here  sooner.  Their  delay  is  tho 
sole  reason  that  still  induces  me  to  postpone  their  d(!par- 
turo  until  next  spring,  fearing,  as  I  do,  le.st  tho  advanced 
state  of  tho  season  sliould  prevent  their  return  beforo 
navigation  closes  'm  the  hilm  oiuJ  iivcvs, 

"The  di.sp.'itches  I  receive  from  court  inftu'in  me,  as  yon 
have  doubtli'ss  learned  on  your  sidi^,  that  tho  Kings  onr 

>  Belloraont  f<>  Frontunac,  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  093 ;  iv.,  p.  a07-9. 


HISTOltY  OF  NEW  FHAN<I;. 


80 


masters  had  rosolved  to  uaiuo  comraissionors  on  both  sides, 
to  regulate  the  limits  of  tie  territories  over  which  their 
authority  iu  these  countries  was  to  extend.  Therefore, 
sir,  it  seems  to  me  that  before  assumiug  the  tone  yoii  do, 
you  should  have  awaited  the  docisiun  to  bo  made  by  the 
commissioners,  and  should  not  intrude  to  tiavorso  a  pro- 
ceeding already  begun,  and  which  may  be  regarded  as  do- 
mestic, inasmuch  as  it  is  a  father  seeking  by  all  species  of 
means  to  recall  his  children  to  their  duty,  beginning  by 
those  of  mildness,  resolved  to  use  more  severe  measures, 
in  case  the  first  produce  no  effect. 

"It  is  a  matter  which  you  must  consider  entirely  distinct 
from  the  treaties  of  peace  and  friendship,  mutually  con- 
cluded by  the  Kings  our  masters,  and  you  cannot  inter- 
fore  in  it,  without  showing,  that  instead  of  employing  all 
means  to  endeavor  to  maintain  harmony  between  the  two 
nations,  ....  you  seek  pretexts  to  impair  the  treaties,  which 
have  been  concluded,  wherein  I  doubt  whether  you  are  au- 
thorized by  his  Britannic  Majesty.  For,  on  my  own  part, 
while  seeking  to  oblige  the  Iroquois  to  fulfil!  their  promise 
made  to  me,  before  it  could  be  known  that  peace  had  been 
made  between  the  two  crowns,  and  for  which  they  have 
given  me  hostages,  I  am  but  following  the  course  1  had 
taken  ;  while  you,  sir,  depart  from  yours,  by  setting  up  pro- 
tensions  which  are  new  and  groundless. 

"  In  fact  you  wish  me  to  tell  you  that  I  am  sufficiently 
aware  of  the  opinions  of  the  Iroquois  to  know  that  there 
is  not  one  of  the  Five  Nations  which ....  would  desire  to  be 
under  the  rale  of  England,  and  that  you  have  no  proof  to 
convince  them  of  your  right,  whilst  those  which  we  possess 
and  which  will  bo  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  commis- 
sioners, aro  so  incontestable,  that  I  doubt  whether 
the  shghtest  answer  can  be  made.  I  am  therefore,  sir, 
rosolved  to  pursue  my  course,  and  I  request  you  not  to 
attempt  to  thwart  mo,  because  your  efforts  would  be  useless, 
and  all  the  protection  and  aid  you  assure  mo  you  have 
already  afforded,  and  will  continue  to  afford  the  Iroquois 
ill  violation  of  the  terms  of  the  treaty,  will  not  cause  me 


1698. 


90 


IIIHTOIIY  (IK  NKW  FIIANCR 


1698.  groat  iilarm  or  oblige  1110  to  alter  my  plaiiH ;  011  the  con- 
""""*■"'"'  triiry  thoy  will  rather  iudnco  mo  to  \nvm  tlu^m  moro  vigor- 
ously, untoward  as  may  bo  the  rofiults  uttoiuliug  thorn. 
For  thcso,  sir,  you  will  bo  rospousiblo  to  your  royal  mas- 
ter and  to  hoavon. 

"  You  woro  misinforuiod,  when  you  were  told  that  tlio 
French  and  Indians  Hcttled  among  us  had  committed  any 
outrages  on  the  Iroquois.  It  is  very  true  that  the  Ottawas 
and  particularly  the  Algonquins  gained  a  docisivo  advantage 
over  the  Onondagas,  lioeauso  that  nation,  as  well  as  tho 
rest,  had  declared  that  they  wouhl  nuike  no  peace  with 
them; still  I  have  reason  to  think  that  if  tho  Iro- 
quois have  not  brought  back  to  mo  all  the  prisoners  taken 
from  us,  it  is  because  you  formally  op|)osed  it.  When 
thoy  return  to  tludr  duty  and  keep  their  word,  I  will 
restore  those  who  are  here. 

"This  does  not  prevent  my  thanking  you  for  your  kind 
treatment  of  tho  four  other  Frouchmen  whom  you  sent 
back.  I  have  been  sntBciently  explicit  in  regard  to  some 
Acadian  Indians,  and  I  have  always  feared,  that  if  those 
of  their  people  held  prisont^rs  at  Boston,  in  such  bod.  faith , 
are  not  at  once  restored,  they  will  get  up  some  expedition 
against  your  colony.  Btill  I  regret  tho  inroad,  which,  as 
you  state  they  have  committed.  This  obliges  uw  to 
send  them  a  second  order  to  an'ost  all  acts  of  hostility  ; 
but  I  beg  you  to  restore  them  their  people,  as  to  whom  you 
give  mo  no  answer.  You  perceive  that  1  speak  to  you  with 
tho  same  frankness  and  frecclom  that  you  do."  ' 

It  is  quito  surprising  that  Frontouac  made  no  reply  to 
tho  passage  in  Chevalier  liollomont'a  letter  alluding  to  tho 
missionaries,  whore  nevertheless  ho  had  a  lino  opportunity 
to  convict  him  of  bad  faith.'    IT  or  in  tho  first  place  there 


'  Frontynao    to    liclloinunt,   2l8t    cantons  oxcupt  Milut,  who  wrb  n  pri  • 

eoner  -vt  Oneida  from  1001  to  1091. 
Yft  Bollomont  renown  this  liihtor- 
icftl  fnlsehood  in  the  preamble  to 
the  N  Y.  actuf  1700  against  OnthoUo 
priutits. 


Ht-pt.  1098.  N.  Y.  Col.  Do.-.,  iv.,  p. 
4'JO,  ix.,  p  OM.  Se.'  also  II)  p.  (183. 
'  After  thereliriMiient  of  the  I.nni. 
bervilles  in  1087,  (ante  iii.,  |>.  278.) 
there  hoJ  been  no  iiiissiouary  in  the 


*M 


IIIMTOUY  OV  NKW   VUANCE.  }ll 

wiiH  Ihoti  no  iiiissioimry  in  tlm  crantoiiH,  nor  Imil  \iovn  fi)r  ii  '^">*' 
liMi^^  tiint'.  In  thn  S(>t!<>iiil  pliico  Hit!  inissi«iiiari<>s  wimo  """"v— ' 
iii'ViT  II  Imrtlion  to  tim  liuliniiH,  to  win  mi  tln-y  uUv.iys  Kiivu 
UMK'li  niDie  tliiin  liny  rciMiivc^d  from  (lifni.so  timt  it  is  iii- 
cunuuiviiblo  in  wiiiit  Hiumu  tliu  Iro(|iiui4  umild  complnin  of 
boinf^  oppri'sstdl  \ty  tlu  lu.  It  is  luorcovcr  avcII  known  timt 
tlicrto  inioplt'  liiul  a  groat  contoiupt  for  tlio  I'lotrstiint  niin- 
i.^tiirs,  iiml  tliiit  thoy  liiul  ofttMi  ii'pn)iiiiiL'il  tin'  sottlt^is  of 
Now  York  with  lm\in}^  no  religion,  llonco  it  is  luoro  tlnm 
l»r<)l»iiblo,  tliiit  luul  tliny  wislioil  to  buconu)  Ciiristiaus,  tlioy 
woulil  not  liuvo  clioson  to  booonio  Huch  Cliristiaus  us  tliu 
Euglisli,  nml  in  faut  all  tlio  Iroquois  who  havu  hitun 
convurtcd  to  ChriHtiauity,  huvo  ombruuod  tho  llonian 
faith. 

But  it  WI18  not  merely  over  tho  Irociuois  country  an  1  ptiicr 
tho  piasona  of  those  Indians,  tiiat  tho  Govornor-Ctonoral  piJiunaioii* 
of  Now  England  extended  his  pretensions.  Ho  had  been 
jiorsuadod,  and  the  llov.  Mr.  Dolllus  so  declared  in  ft)r- 
lual  tonus  to  tho  Chovalior  do  Calliores  on  his  passage 
through  Montreal,  tlnit  his  nation  having  succeeded  to  all 
the  rights  of  Holland,  when  it  had  ceded  Surinam  to  them 
in  exchange  for  Now  York,  Michilliniackiuac  and  all  south 
of  that  post  reverted  to  it.  The  Governor  of  M<  )ntreal  asked 
tiu!  niininter  on  what  ho  grounded  his  claim,  and  whore  ho 
had  hiarnod  that  New  Nethorland,  boftn'o  it  becamo  Now 
York,  «)xtendod  to  all  the  countries  ho  spoko  of. 

"  For  us,"  ho  atldod,  "  it  will  bo  easy  to  ailduco  tho  best 
evidence  that  we  had  discovered  and  wore  in  possession  of 
the  Ottawa  and  oven  of  tho  Iroijuois  country,  before  any 
Hollander  sot  foot  thoro,  and  that  the  right  of  possession 
established  by  several  olKcial  acts  (titres)  at  various  points 
of  tho  cantons,  was  inteiTupted  only  by  tho  war,  which  wo 
had  been  obligod  to  wage  against  that  nation,  on  account 
of  their  revolts  and  outrages."  DeUius  saw  that  ho  had 
met  a  well-informed  man,  not  easily  to  bo  l(>d  away  from 
liis  pn;mis(:s  :  he  did  not  press  the  niuttor,  uid  tlw  (!hi'va- 
lior  IJelloniont  did  not  deem  it  expedioiil  to  introduce  tho 


99 


IlIHTOHY   OF   NKVV    K«AN<'E. 


Ai'ikII.iii 


^^'")^-     qut'sticm  in  liis  oorrospuucleuce  witli  tbo  Count  do  Fi'on- 

■"^  ^       tl'IlUf.' 

IIo  snccooilod  a  littlo  bi'ttcr  iit  fuMt  in  tho  direction  of 
Ai'iuliii,  wlit'io  lui  n'gftrdod  as  a  Htrulcu  of  policy  to  Hi<cnro 
tilt)  EiiKlit^li  antliority,  or  iit  lonHt  »et  liiH  mind  (it  rcHt  in 
iT^^iird  ti)  till'  Indians,  who  durin{^  tiic  wiir  liiul  H|ii('iid  such 
tenor  tlirou^^li  iill  Now  lln^liiud.  Tbo  CiievuliLT  do  Villo 
bou,  in  u  Kdtir,  which  liu  wroto  to  Mr.  dc  Pontchartniiu 
on  tho  IJrd  of  October  in  tluH  year,  informed  timt  ministur 
that  tlic  Eiif^'liHli  wore  thinkinjj;  of  restoring  Fort  IVmkuit 
and  Htittlin^?  on  botli  banks  of  tiio  Kinibo(|ni  (Kcnnobcc), 
neitlior  of  whidi  projocts  ho  considorod  ought  to  bo  per- 
mitted ;  but  tliat  ftH  ho  liad  not  force  enough  to  op])OHo  it 
openly,  ho  could  readily  find  means  to  thwart  thera  by  lot- 
ting tho  Indians  act  their  ploasui-e.' 

Ho  added  that  tho  English  continued  to  fish  on  our 
shores ;  that  tho  inhabitants  of  Port  Royal  had  written  to 
tho  Oovornor-Oenoral  of  New  England  to  ask  his  protec- 
tion, and  that  one  Lo  Borguo,  son  or  relative  of  tho  man 
who  had  formerly  succeeded  to  all  the  rights  of  tho  Sieur 
d'Aunai  do  Charnisc  over  that  part  of  America,  setting 
himself  up  as  lord  of  all  tho  country  from  tho  Minos  to 
Isle  Vorto,  exacted  from  tho  English  fifty  crowns  for  each 
vessel  that  camo  to  traffic  within  tho  extent  of  his  pre- 
tended domain.' 

It  was  expected  at  the  court  and  in  Canada  that  in  sot- 
liiiiiM  for  tliug  tho  limits,  a  matter  then  in  hand,  those  various  ine- 
cm  roast  tensions  would  be  disposed  of ;  but  the  peace  jtroved  too 
France,    short  to  conclude  the  affair.     Moreover  they  did  not  suffi- 
ciently consider  in  France  the  groat  advantage  of  ono  in 
possession   over  his  competitor.     In  fact  although   the 
limits  of  New  France  on  this  southorn  shore  had  been 


Rcf^ilnllon 
of  lliu 


I  IVlliuM   and   Scliuyler,  in   thi'ir  '    Villebon   to    (iov.    St  >u>?litiiii, 

Journal,  say  notliii)>;  of  any  ri^'lits  Sept.  5,  1(108,  rhiUus  tin-  Keiin'-bic 

from  tlii'  Dutch,  hut  IcHtiinony  was  a»<   llic  iHiiindary,  with  fire  iiavi^ra- 

ut  (iiHi-  tiikini  to  show   I)iii(  h  iniir  tlou.     .Ji'tliiys,  t'omliiitc  (Irt<  Fraii- 

O'lirsj' . -111.1  alliarRT  wiih  the  Iroiiuoi--  rnis,  p   17«. 

IViiiii    Ki.'l!)    N    V    <  ol    Dw,  ix..  p.  "(aiiailft    I'lxiituc  ni-*,  II  ,  v  ,  p  JO 


HIMTOHV  OF  NKW  lltAM  K 


03 


fixcil  lit  the  K«MiiiL'l»(r  Uivor,  ami  i»ii  tlu'  LihI  occasion  tlio  i'"y*^' 
!'!iijj;li«Ii  liinl  Im'cii  cxpclloil  from  IVuiUuil,  wliidi  ou^lit  to  """y""^ 
1m  UtU'^  t»)  iiM  liy  virtue  of  that  tniuty,  yet  liecauHc  tlii'  ICiij^- 
lisli  Inid  rcturiH'd  to  it,  McHsiuiii-H  ilc  Talliird  and  d'Hur- 
liaiit,  ('ouiiniMsioiicrs  apiiointid  l»y  tlic  Kiiij,',  W"'it'  iil>Ii^;cd 
to  draw  our  frontier  witliin  liiat  |ioNt  and  |ilaci>  it  at  Kt. 
CU'orgu'u  Uivcr,  at  an  alaioHt  (ujual  diHtanci'  from  lli<'  Ivi- 
iiilKM|ui  ami  l'«'ntaf,'oi't.  TiiiH  wan  (.■onliruit'd  iu  17(HI  l»y 
Mr.  di<  Villicu  ou  the  part  of  the  Most  C'lirihtian  Kiiif,', 
and  by  Mr.  do  Houdric  on  the  pail  of  Iiih  iJritaniiie  Ma- 
jesty.' 

Notliing  was  ficttled  in  roj^ard  to  tlio  IrocpioiH  country 
liccftuse  those  Indians  protested  they  wero  independent, 
and  ncitlicr  jiarty  ap])aronlly  wished  to  mnko  oimniies  o! 
tlioni.  Hudson's  Day  remained  entirely  ours,  hocauso  wo 
wore  the  actual  possessors.  Tlio  Eng'''^li  conilned  tliora- 
Helvcs  to  asking  heavy  damages  for  our  wresting  tlio  forts 
at  tlio  head  of  the  bay  from  thorn  in  time  of  peace. 
Against  this  wo  brought  up  their  previous  attack  ou  Fort 
Nelson,  when  thoro  was  no  war  between  tlio  two  crowns, 
and  where  wo  had  HntFered  a  much  heavier  loss. 

AVe  had  ravaged  rather  than  cronipiered  tho  (^astern 
shore  of  Newfoundland.  The  English  soon  re-estab- 
lished their  posts  and  we  had  allowed  them  to  do  so.  Tho 
island  of  Cajie  Breton  was  not  then  an  object,  autl  our  act- 
ual settlement  on  it  was  nowise  calculated  to  excito  tho 
jealousy  of  the  English ;  it  was  left  in  our  hands  ;  but  the 
war,  which  soon  l>roke  out  ngain  in  Europe,  onco  more  left 
the  reciprocal  pretensions  of  the  two  countries  to  tho 
chaiu'-es  of  war. 

Scarcely   two   months   after   tho   Count  do   Frontonac  DcmliofUio 
wrote  to  tho  ChevaUer  Delloniont  the  letter  just  cited,  he  f,ouumiu,?. 
V  as  attacked  bj'  a  disease,  manifestly  dangerous  from  the 
first,  and  whicli  took  him  ofi'  ou  tho  28tli  of  November. 
Ue  was  in  his  seventy-eighth  year,  but  as  sound  in  body  as 


'  Almmiri'H  cli\s   t'DinlniMwiuiiH.  ii.,     tliix  liiin  .  iDiiki's  tin-  Si.  (ii'ii-j^r  ilio 
|i.  :i;Jij.     Jflli  rvH,  ('•■luluilidtK  l''riiu      l«iiiiiilui\      Vljii^-    iii   Aiailii-,    |p. 

<,<tir,  |.    no.       I)i>'|i'\illi     \viilili{j   111       I'JIi, 


04 


IIIHTKUV  OK  NKAV  FUANfE. 


I ''";*'•  it  Ih  poHHiltlf  to  lio  ftt  tliiit  n^o,  prcHorviiif;  all  tlio  finnnnws 
^'^'"y^  and  viviicity  of  tiiiinl  that  cliurac-tori/.t'il  IiJh  licst  ynnH.  lie 
(licil  nn  lie  liiiil  IjvtHl,  Itclovcd  \>y  nimiy,  <iHt«'oni»«l  by  nil, 
niid  witli  tln>  f^'lorj-  of  luiTiii^',  almost  iiiiaidtd  liy  Kriiiu'e. 
HUNtaiiM-cl  and  cvm  an;^nicnt('d  a  colony  nnpiotccttd  oiid 
MNHailrd  on  all  sidt'M,  and  which  ii«<  had  foiinil  on  tho  Inink 
of  ruin.  IIo  H«<onu>d  to  havn  much  Holid  rolij^'iouH  princi- 
)ilt),  and  till  liiH  d<>ath  ooiiHtantly  ^avo  public  niarkn  of  it. 
n»i  wart  novcr  accused  of  solf-intt^ioHt ;  Imt  it  was  not  vuny 
to  roconcilo  I  ho  piety  li(>  iiioftiHH«>d,  with  his  conduct  toward 
thoHo  a^niuHt  whom  ho  had  taken  a  prcjudico.  The  asper- 
ity of  his  HoiuMwhatHondmi  di8poHition,aud  a  low  joalouBy 
which  novcr  loft  him,  provontod  his  onjoyinf»  nil  tho  fruit 
of  hirt  HuccoHH,  an<l  Homowhat  dimmed  his  charactor, 
which  was  distiuRuiMhod  by  firuinoHH,  nobility  and  lofty 
idoafl.  Yet  withal,  Now  Franco  was  iudobted  to  him  for 
all  that  slin  waa  at  his  death,  and  tho  great  void  it  loft  was 
Hoon  marked.' 
Attotnpi  III  fftct  tho  Iroquois  had  no  sooner  learned  that  ho  was 
lr(i(iu.i!(  t()  no  more,  than  they  supposed  thoy  could  with  impunity  vio- 
riiov.  <ii)  lute  tho  kind  of  treaty  which  they  had  made  with  hhn, 
but  thoy  wished  to  act  cautiously,  before  au  open  declar- 
ation. In  tho  month  of  Maroli  following  they  sent  depu- 
ties to  Montreal,'  and  it  was  easily  perceived  that  thoir 
only  design  was  to  ascertain  tho  condition  of  tho  colony 
deprived  of  its  head.  In  their  fashion  they  be"wailed  tho 
death  of  their  Father  ;  thoy  presented  to  tho  Governor  of 
Montreal,  who  was  invested  with  the  general  command, 
throe  French  prisoners,  and  they  promised  him  to  restoro 
all  the  otlu^rs,  if  ho  would  set  at  liberty  their  countrymen 
still  retained  by  him. 

Thoy  then  bogged  him  to  soud  tho  Sieiir  do  Maricourt 
with  them,  accompanied  by  two  Indians  of  Sault  St.  Louis 
and  the  Mountain,  to  go  with  them  to  Albany  where  tho 


'  Ue  wiiH  liiiiii'  I  in  tin'  clmri'li  of  td   I>ii'ii  |>.  li''<.  Dc  hi  I'dthcriu,  iv., 

till-  Kucolli'Clr^.  iiiicl  liiH  riiiicritl  sir  p.  HI. 

111(111.  pi'iiicHiiinil  liv   ImiIIut  Oliviif.  ■    'I'lii'V     uiTc'    (•iiliimi'iitsinuiiiin, 

rciiiimi-siirv  "I  till'  1!.imIIic!s,  i-  slill  'rsiiiiliuaslKimiii  imil  l)la\i'M<',  l>i'  lu 

cxUiit.    Jitcln.Tiim,  lli.-t'iiii.  ill  1  llo-  I'olliiTir.  iv.  |i,   11."). 


IIIHTOU\   OK  NKW  rUANCR. 


»5 


cxchnn^o  wuh  to  lio  imuU^  tiutl  pisiici)  couchulod.  They  ilo- 
ulaii'd  tliiit  it  wouKl  iiImo  }{ivu  tliuin  pltMiHUiu  to  liiivtt  Fiithur 
nniyiiH,  ouo  of  thiir  old  tuiHsioimrioH,  uccoin|mny  tliuiu 
uIho,  iiH  woll  a«  to  hnvo  Fiithor  do  LftmbiTvillo  rueullud 
from  I'ViuiL'c,  lio  boiii}^  bottor  tittod  tluiii  any  ouo  oIho,  they 
Hiiid,  to  iimiiitiiiu  11  good  uiidurstaiidiiiK  liulwooii  tliu  two 
imtioiiH.  Tlioy  tiually  ducliirod  tlnit  tlioy  could  not  put 
uuy  cotiiiduucu  iu  him,  so  long  ah  ho  kupt  tho  war  kcUlo 
ou  thti  tiro,  mid  did  not  urrust  tlio  toinidiiiwk  of  his  hIIIoh.' 

Tho  Cluniilior  do  CallioroH  ropliod  that  tlio  kuttlo  nhoidd 
uta}'  on  tho  fire  till  poaeo  was  conoludod  :  that  ho  would 
ti'uat  of  pcauo  at  Moutruid,  not  ut  Albany :  aud  would 
huarkon  to  no  proposition  ou  thoir  part,  till  tht;y  had  sat- 
isfied all  this  conditions  imposud  upon  thuui  by  tho  lato 
Count  do  Frontonac ;  that  thou  Mr.  do  Maricourt  uud 
Father  Driiyaa  should  visit  thorn,  and  hu  would  writo  to 
Franco  to  solicit  Father  do  Lauibervillo's  ruturu.  Thoy 
Hconied  quito  satistied  with  this  reply,  wliich  was  ucvortho- 
loss  api)aroutly  unexpucted,  and  they  limitud  tUoir  ruquoHta 
to  ouo  for  security  to  couio  nud  go  freely. 

Mr.  de  CalUoros  granted  them  sixty  days'  tnico,  and  oa 
thoir  pressing  to  obtaiu  four  prisoners  whom  tho  Ou(m- 
duga  cautou  solicited  moat  earuostly,  ho  consented  to  ex 
change  them  for  four  Freuclimen.  In  tho  sequel  ho  had 
abundant  reason  for  rejoicing  that  ho  had  not  shown 
greater  facility ;  for  it  was  soon  scou  that  these  savages 
had  no  other  object  than  gradually  to  get  back  all  tiie  i)ri- 
souers  hold  by  us,  while  keeping  those  they  had,  and  almost 
all  of  whom  they  had  adopted.  On  sotting  out  tho  depu- 
ties promised  to  return  before  tho  month  of  Juno  ;  but  tho 
French  placed  little  dopendonco  on  this  promise,  as  thoy 
were  informed  that  tho  English  wished  to  bo  tho  arbiters 
of  peace,  and  protended  tliat  tho  Iroquois  as  thoir  subjects 
were  comprised  iu  tho  treaty  concluded  at  liiswick  botwoou 
tho  two  crowns." 


I'i.iS. 


The 

(iiivi'niiir'il 
c'liuntii. 


'  Sot'  tliu  ExphtDaliou  ut  tku  Cul- 
lam,  lb. 


'  Do  la  Potlwriii,    lliirt.  de  I'  Am. 
Supt.,  iv,  p   IH-iaa. 


96 


HISTORY  OF  NKW  KHANl  K. 


ifigf^.         Tho  arrival  of  tho  first  sliips  from  Frauco  infonnod  tho 

^^"-^r—'  Cliovrtlicr  do  Calliorcs  tliat  tlio  King  had  appointed  liini 

DiCniiiiTiH  succosaor  to  tlio  Count  do  Frontcuue,'  and  tlio  joy  maiii- 

'IVmr'nor  f"stod  by  all  ordora  in  tiio  colony,  gratified  him  as  mncli  aa 

OuucMi.    jjjg  aovoroign's  soloctiou.     Mr.  do  Chanipigny  liad  boon  his 

rival,  and  ho  himsolf  was  porhai)3  iudobtod  for  his  ])rcfor- 

onco  only  to  tho  fatit  that  his  ouvoy  had  boon  uioro  oxpo- 

ditious  than  tlio  Intor.dant's,  wlio  on  roaehing  Vorsaillos 

fonud  tho  vacancy  filled.' 

Both  dosorvod  it,  nor  is  it  oaay  to  say  wliieh  would  have 
been  nior.i  acceptable  to  tho  colonists  in  Canada.  ]Mr.  do 
Chanipigny  had  acquired  great  experience  in  tho  aflairs  of 
the  country.  His  virtue,  ?:eal,  cliniutorostoduoss,  equity, 
and  suavity  especially  fitted  liim  to  govern  a  colony  whero 
thert)  wens  arms  enough  to  ox<(cuto  what  ;i  chief  so  saga- 
cious and  beloved  had  determined  in  council ;  but  Mr.  do 
Callieros,  witli  tho  samo  advantages,  was  also  (]nalifiod  to 
put  himself  at  the  head  of  tho  troops,  who  had  already 
more  than  onco  marched  undo.-  his  orders,  and  who  ad- 
mired equally  his  skill  and  his  intrepidity. 
H'fl  Without  the  brilliant  (qualities  of  his  predecessor,  lie  had 

chanictor.  f^\\  ^[i^\^  ^yas  solid  :  upright  disinterested  views,  without  preju- 
dice or  )>a8sioi'. ;  flrnmoss  always  consonant  with  reason, 
valor  moderated  and  made  useful  by  a  phlegmatic  tempera- 
ment, sound  sense,  groat  probity  and  liouor,  and  a  penetra- 
tion of  mind,  to  which  groat  application  and  long  experience 
had  added  all  tlio  light  they  can  give  ;  he  had  from  tho 
outset  ac(piired  groat  sway  over  the  Indians,  who  knew 
him  to  be  exact  in  keeping  his  word,  and  firm  in  requiring 
others  to  keep  theirs.  Tho  French  on  their  side  won  «,.^u- 
viuced  that  ho  would  exact  nothing  of  thom  that  was  un- 
reasonable ;  and  that  if  ho  had  neither  tho  birth  nor  Iiigh 


'   Fliw  brother  tho  Count  <lo  ('t\\-  do  Vlncolotte,  Iwth  by  wiiy  of  Eng- 

lioreH,   was  Sccn-tiirv  to   llii'    Kin;;-  uiiui.     JuoluM't-au,   UiKtoiro  de  I'llo 

and  tliuH  uniloubiiMlly   Bi'curwl    liiH  tcl  I)ii"i.  p.  ll?',).    In  t'aniula.  arconl- 

apiiointnii-nt.  April  'Jn,  1(;!I0.  ing  to    Dc   la   I'othorii',  iv..  p.  I'i'J, 

'  On    Knmti'niic'ti  di'ath   <li'   ("al  some  di'sircd  tlii>  return  of  |)i>uou 

licnjs  (liMputrbiMl    ill'  < '4mrti'niaiicbo  villi!,  oiU'Th  llu' appoiiilnirnt  of  tlio 

to  l''r;uiri>   au  I  ilc   l'li:impii?iiy  nnU  Miuipiipi  di'  Villutlf. 


HISTORY  Ol-'  NKW  KHA.SCK.  97 

connections  of  tho  Count  do  Frontouac,  nor  tho  niiik  of     169^. 
Licutouant-Gouonil  in  tho  King's  anuiis,  ho  wiis  no  loss   ~'">'"*^ 
ablo  than  ho,  to  cnforcu  ohodit  lu-o,  and  jot  not  a  man  to 
miiko  tho  huitlion  of  uutliority  too  rli'aily  folt. 

Tho  govomoisliip  of  Montreal,  vncant  l>y  (!■  C'allioros'  Mr.  n.vnii- 
promotiou,  was  givon  to  tho  Ciiovalior  do  Vandrcuil,  thon   (lovcnior 
at  court,  his  activity,  ])loasant  address,  noble  and  aniiablo    M.iiiiniiL 
manners,  as  well  as  tho  oonlideuco  of  militaiy  uuni  in  liim, 
admirably   fitting  him  to   till  a  post  of  that  iuiportaneo. 
Catarocouy  was  then  nlso  a  post  of  groat  consequenco,  and 
his  Majesty  directed  tho  now  CJovornor-Goneral  to  confer 
tho  command  only  on  vigilant  otHcors,  able  to  act  by  them- 
solvos,  when  tinio  and  tho  necessity  of  tho  !iionu!nt  pre- 
vented their  awaiting  his  orders,  and  on  whom  ho  could  rely, 
as  a  second  self,  for  tho  prosorvation  of  such  a  fort.' 

Tho    Governor    of    Now     England    had    then    turned  Pn'tcimions 
.  .  ...  "f "»' 

his    attention    mainly    to    the    Abenacjui    nations,    and   <i>n>iMi.r 

under  pretext  that  tho  Kinibequi,  (Kennebec,)  where  tho  EhkIiuki  xs 
Canibas  hiui  always  had  thei"-  priucipal  towns,  was  in  pos-  cmiiii:w. 
session  of  tho  English,  ho  hold  the  same  pretensions  iu 
regard  to  these  Indians  as  iu  regard  to  the  Ircxiuois. 
Tho  King,  iu  a  letter  addressed  to  tho  Count  do  FrouLe- 
uac  under  date  of  March  25th,  (his  Majesty  not  yet  know- 
ing his  death,)  ordered  him  to  act  iu  cjucert  with  the  En- 
ghsh  Goueral ;  directing,  however,  at  the  same  time,  that 
till  the  boundaries  of  tho  two  colonies  were  settled,  ho 
should  strictly  adhere  to  tho  course  of  not  sul!'ering  any 
change  in  regard  to  tho  allies  of  both  crowns,  and  main- 
tain all  things  iu  relation  to  it,  on  tho  sanio  footing  as 
iu  the  commencement  of  August  of  the  preceding  year.' 

However,  as  the  French  wero  very  mxro  of  tho  Canibas, 
and  in  general  of  all  tho  Abeuatpii  n.itions,  the  youi>g;ir 
Father  Bigot  liaving  tome  in  the  beginning  of  Januaiy  to 
inform  Mr.  de  Callieres  that  the  Eiiglisli  seeiiicd  dis- 
jioscd  to  treat  in  good  faith  with  those   linlians,  »ii<.  Com- 


niam 


hint    rephod    that    he   saw    no    objcctiDii    in    letting 


'  For  a  skotch  of  Vaudrouil,  Bee        '  Louin   XIV.  to  KroiiiiivK  ,  'J.'iili 
anUi,  Hi.,  p.  'M'i.  March,  IC'JO,  N.  Y.  C.  l)<>c.,  'x.,  p.  097. 


98 


inSTOllY  OK  NKW  FUANCE. 


1699.     tliom   go    oil.     Im    fiic't    tho    Aboiiaquis  liiiving  recoivcd 

^"^^^"^   tlif  jjiopusitious  ot  tlio  English  0»>iioml,  who  ovoii  pioiu- 

Oii  wimt    i„jn|  tQ  „i,n.t  theui  tho  lU'xt  spring,  they  forwiirtlod  tho  fol- 

tiu  iiuii.>ii«  liiwing  ivrtich'K  to  him  :  1.  That  ho  sliould  begin  by  with- 

to  iriHi    (hawing  tlio  EugHsh  fori'vcr  from  their  country.  2.  That 
wiuiuiiu.     ,        ,;  , 

tliey  ilui  not  SCO   on   what   groancl   he   pretoniiod   to   bo 

llieir   master,  wi.ieh   neither   ho   nor   any   of   his   prede- 

cessoi-s  hail  ever  been  ;   tliat  thoy,  of  their  own  free  will, 

ami  uiu'onstrained,  had  given  themselves  to  the  King  of 

Fiauee,  and   would   never   receive   orders   from   any   0110 

but  him  and  his   generals.   3d.    That'  they   would   never 

jH-.niit  the  English  to  erect  habitations  on  their  lands,  and 

that  they  had  granted  permission  to  do  so  ouly   to   tlio 

French.   1th.  Tliat  they  were  greatly  surprised  to  hear  that 

he  thought  of  giving  them  any  niissionariet:  bu-t  their  own  ; 

that  they  were  glad  to  inform  him  that  thej-  did  not  wish  to 

change  their  religion,  and  would  never  have  any  other  but 

that  which   had   been  taught  them,  and  for  which  they 

had  fought  and  would  fight  to  the  death.' 

Y.''-,;!''  ''^        At   this   iuiK'ture   the  Chevalier   de  Callieres  received 

mil  Katiior  through  Belloiuont,  a  letter  by  which  his  Majesty  ordered 

Bniva.-!  sent  "  '  /  J       J 

to  boston,  him  to  stop  all  acts  of  hostility  between  tho  French  and 
English,  lliis  letter  was  addressed  open  to  che  English 
general,  and  the  King  of  England  )iad  similarly  addressed 
to  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  that  written  by  him  in  con- 
formity, to  the  Chevalier  Belloiuont.  Tho  Chevalier  de 
Callieres  thought  tit  to  send  it  to  Boston,  by  Mr.  de  la 
Yallieie,  Major  of  Montreal,''  and  to  have  that  officer 
attended  by  Fatlier  B:  uyus.  These  deputies  wero  direct- 
ed to  bruig  back  all  the  French  prisoners  in  New  Eng- 
land, and  ihey  were  especially  recommended  to  examine 


'  Fathor  James  Bigot  mentions 
that  they  liiid  begun  to  give  up 
English  prisiiuers.  He  weut  to  Quo- 
bee  to  reix)rt  wli.it  passed  between 
tlum  and  the  Enirlisli.  and  starting 
to  return  tell  sick,  was  taken  back, 
aud  did  not  set  out  again  till  alter 
Easter.    Uelatiou  dt  s  affaires  Ju  Ca- 


nada, pp.  03-73.  On  tlie  7th  of  Jan. 
lOOy,  a  treaty  was  made  at  Maro 
Point  with  tho  Sttgamo.i-sof  Penob- 
scot, Keui'.ebec,  Androscoggin  and 
Saco.  \V illiamson's  Maine,  i., p.  "'li!). 
*  Appointed  in  1008.  Daniel  ii.,  p. 
29tJ. 


i  if. 


IIlSTOliY  OF  NEW  KUANCE. 


99 


Hiill 

iiasiiini'd  to 
1)0  arliitiT 


tho  ilispodition  of  the  Eiij^lish  govoruoi   iu  rofj;iiid  to  the       1699. 
Alx'ii.iquis  iiud  Irotjuois.  ^<'~^ 

Tho  hist  htul  ijuito  rocoutly  soiit  a  iloputatioii  to  tlio  iuv,\  (toiioinont 
Govonior-Gciioral,  to  compliiiKUit  him  on  his  jjroiuotioii, 
but  tho  dopiitios  hail  not  spokou  of  business,  and  iiiforma- 
tiou  camo  some  timo  uftor,  that  a  party  of  tliis  nation  liad 
coiumitt(3il  hostilities  against  tlu^  Mianiis  ami  killed  sov- 
eral.'  It  seomed  ncvortholoss  that  tho  cantons  gonorally 
wore  inclimd  to  jieace,  and  deferred  coucluding  it  only  out 
of  consideration  for  tho  English.  On  tho  other  hand 
Bellomont  was  convinced  that  these  Indians  would  never 
remain  neutral,  and  that  they  must  necessarily  dcsclare  for 
or  against  tho  French. 

In  this  idea,  as  he  had  positive  orders  from  the  King 
of  (treat  Britain  to  compel  them  to  lay  down  arms,  orelers 
that  he  could  not  dissend)le,  inasmuch  as  the  Chevalier  de 
Callieros  had  seen  them,  and  retaintal  a  dui)licate,  ho 
resumed  the  dt-sign  of  making  himself  the  sovereign 
arbiter  of  the  treaty.  Thus  on  learning  tlio  engagements 
made  by  the  cantons  with  the  late  Count  d(^  Frontenac, 
.  he  summoned  them  to  nu'ot  him  at  Albany.  They  refused; 
and  he,  surprised  at  this  refusal,  sent  them  confidential 
agents,  who  succeeded  iu  persuading  them  to  spuj  the  mat- 
ter out.' 

They  accordingly  failed  to  appear  at  Montreal,  althougli 
they  Imd  recently  promised  the  Chevalier  de  Callieres  to    P"i"y  t'> 
be  there,  and  had  set  a  time  for  their  arrival,  and  that  gen-  i"-'>;iiHiis  to 

,  ,  lll.lkl'  pCllCl! 

eral,  not  to  be  surprised  by  those  savages,  put  himself  in  a 
position  to  make  war  actively,  should  they  attempt  to 
renew  hostilities:  but  his  best  and  most  effectual  step  to 
overthrow  Bellomont's  batteries  was  his  sending  to  On- 
ondaga a  copy  of  the  King  of  England's  letter  to  that 
governor,  and  iu  this  he  had  more  than  one  object.  For 
iu  the  first  place  he  wished  to  inform  the  Iroijuois,  that 
the  English  regarded  them   simply   as   subjects  of  their 


O.'  Cnl- 


witlinut 
him. 


'  De   hi   Piitlicrie,  iv.,  p.  Kit.    N.     (iriMidl.     They  met  liiin  nt  Albany 
V.  Col.  Doc,  is. ,1).  704.  June  30, 1700.      N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.    p. 

'  See  N.  Y  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  5(j'i-57l',    093. 


*!, 


100 


IIISTOUY  OF  NEW  FUANCE. 


1699. 


Decision 

of  tlio 

cantons. 


They  arc 

do  tea  ted  by 

the 

Ottawaa. 


King,  and  in  fact,  that  prince  assumed  this  tone  in  his  let- 
ter. In  the  second  place,  he  informed  them  that  they 
must  in  future  expect  no  succor  from  Now  York,  the  Gov- 
ernor-General of  Now  England  being  forbidden  to  fur- 
nish them  any,  either  directly  or  indirectly.  In  fine  he 
made  them  feel,  at  the  same  time,  that  it  would  not  bo  diffi- 
cult for  him  to  reduce  them  by  force,  if  they  refused  to 
make  peace  on  the  conditions  which  his  predecessor  had 
olfored  them.' 

This  course  produced  the  anticipated  effect :  in  truth 
the  cantons  did  not  deem  it  expedient  to  break  off  with 
the  English,  whose  aid  they  might  subsequently  need ;  they 
preferred  to  smother  the  resentment  they  felt  at  their  pre- 
tensions, and  contented  themselves  with  declaring,  that 
they  wore  wilHug  enough  to  bt>  their  brothers,  but  not  their 
subjects.  The  Eughsh  on  tlieir  side  also  adopted  the 
course  of  concilialiug  them.  At  last  the  cantons,  after  ter- 
giversating still  for  a  time,  and  endeavoring  to  avenge 
their  losses  on  those  of  our  allies,  to  whom  they  ascrib- 
ed them,  seeing  that  all  this  failed,  prepared  in  earnest  to 
come  to  terms,  while  they  could  still  do  so  with  advantage  , 
and  honor." 

lu  consequence  of  this  resolution,  two  Iroquois  '■"  came 
on  the  2 1st  of  March  1700  to  meet  the  Governor-General. 
Tliey  were  invested  with  no  powers ;  but  were  commis- 
sioned to  announce  a  general  deputation  from  the  cantons 
in  the  month  of  July.  For  this  delay  they  adduced  very 
frivolous  reasons,  at  which  de  Callieres  seemed  anything 
but  satisfied.  Three  months  after,  a  large  number  of  Otta- 
was  lauded  at  Montreal,  where  the  General  then  was,  and 
told  him  what  he  ah'eady  knew,  that  they  had  attacked  the 
Iroquois  who  had  come  to  hunt  on  their  grounds,  and 
killed  twenty-eight  men  and  women  ;  that  the  others  hav- 
ing asserted  that  they  thought  themselves  at  liberty  to 
hunt  anywhere,  as  all  hostilities  were  suspendtul  on  the 
part   of  the   French   and   their   allies,  the    Ottawas   had 


'  Do  la  PotluTio,  iv.,  p.  13;!-130.        ^  Oe  la  Poth.  tk-.,  Hist,  de  TAiuer. 
•'N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  iv.,1).  i'J-i.  Sept.,  iv.,  p.  i;jl. 


IIIS'I'URY  OF  NEW  FU.iNC'E. 


lUl 


1700. 


promised  thoiu  not  to  injure  the  prisoners,  till  thoy  ascer- 
tiiinod  the  will  of  their  father  Ououthio.  ^— ^r— - 

De  Cftllieres,  after  hearing  them  calmly,  tolil  tliPiii  tliat      ;vii:it 
thoy  did  not  tell  him  all ;  that  ho  was  informed  that,  in  ^^}^^^.l 


(1  iii'- 

I  tlllMil 


iliul 


spite  of  his  prohibition,  they  had  i^'ono  to  attack  the  Sioux,  ,l^.(J|,lli,.r^•» 
and  that  after  their  blow  at  the  Iroquois,  thoy  had  stmt 
some  of  their  prisoners  to  the  cantons,  to  negotiate  with 
them  without  his  participation ;  that  it  was  beginniug 
badly  with  him  to  act  with  this  indepoudence  in  so  import- 
ant a  matter,  after  the  assurance  he  had  given  them,  tliat 
he  would  conclude  nothing  with  the  Iroquois  except  iu 
concert  witii  them ;  that  they  nnist  assuredly  have  forgot- 
ten the  manner,  in  whicli  the  Irocpiois  had  often  treated 
them,  to  trust  so  to  them  agaiu ;  that  he  hoped  tluit  they 
would  in  future  be  better  advised  and  more  circumspect ; 
that  he  expected  every  moment  deputies  from  tlie  can- 
tons, and  that  if  on  their  arrival  the  chiefs  of  the  allied 
nations  had  not  yet  come,  he  would  inform  tliem  by  ex- 
press of  his  intentions  ;  that  meanwhile  they  should  reuuiiij 
tranquil  and  treat  tludr  priscmers  well. 

On  the  18th  of  July  two  deputies  from  the  OuomLiga 
and  four  from  the  Seueca  canton  arrived  at  Montreal,  and 
were  presented  by  Mr.  do  Maricourt  to  the  General,  who 
gave  them  a  public  audience ;  they  were  conducted  to  it  iu 
ceremony,  and  while  marching  through  the  streets  to  Mr. 
do  Callieres'  house  they  bewailed  all  the  French  slain 
during  the  war,  whose  souls  they  invoked  as  witnesses  of 
the  sincerity  of  their  conduct.' 

As  soon  as  they  were  introduced  into  the  Council  Hall 
where  the  Governor-General  was  with  all  his  Court,'  they 
declared  that  they  came  tn  behalf  of  the  four  upper  can- 
tons, whose  powers  they  bore ;  that  they  liad  long  been 
resolved  to  treat  without  the  Mohawks,  and  that  if  among 


Iroqiuiig 
M'liici'cil. 


'  The'>:nondaj5a8  wcriiHanitsious,  boacgtxuam  nml  Aoui'iiaiio  by  l>c  la 

iiuil  Oulu'iisiDimii  ;   tlu!  Suiiecns  To-  PotlicTic,  iv  ,  p.  l:i.l-(i. 

iinrenpououinn,  Tonatakout   or   To-  ''  Tln-y   wniti'd    fur    Jonrjiirn    to 

liiistakout.   N.   Y,    Col.    Doc  ,  is.,  p.  come.     De  la  I'otliL'iii',  liist.,  iv.,  p. 

"iO^,  'I'hu  OMonilii''ii^  arc  tiilli'il  'IVon-  !:!((. 


103 


I700. 


Tholrprop- 

uuitldllH. 


Govi'iiKir 


HISTORY  OF  NEW    FllANCE. 

tlioin  thcro  was  no  ono  from  tho  Cayuga  ami  Oneida  can- 
tons, it  was  because  tho  Chevalier  Bellomont  having  sent 
Peter  Schuiller  to  dissuade  them  from  going  down  to 
3Iontreal,  the  deputies  of  thono  two  cantons  liad  gone  to 
learn  tho  reason  of  his  opposition  to  tlieir  voyage.' 

They  then  complained,  that  having  gone  hunting  with- 
out any  distrust,  on  tlio  assurance,  that  the  war  hotwoen 
tho  Frencii  and  England  had  been  terminated  by  a  treaty 
wliich  inoluded  tho  allies  of  tho  two  nations,  the  Ottawas 
on  ono  side,  tho  Illinois  and  Miamis  on  the  other,  had 
attacked  them  and  killed  a  hundred  and  fifty  men."  They 
at  last  re(piestod  that  Father  Bruyas,  with  Mesers.  do 
Maricourt  and  Joncairc,  should  accompany  them  on  their 
return  homo,  nothing,  they  said,  being  better  calculated  to 
convince  tho  cantons  that  their  Father  sincerely  desired 
peace,  than  such  a  condescension  towards  them.  They 
added  that  these  three  ambassadors  should  not  leave  their 
country  without  receiving  all  tho  French  prisoners  still 
detained  there.' 

The  Chevalier  do  Callieres  replied :  First,  that  ho  had 
nothing  to  add  to  what  tho  Chevalier  Bellomont  had  told 
them  in  regard  to  the  treaty  of  jjcaco  concluded  between 
tlie  two  crowns  of  France  and  Engl-and,  and  that  ho  was 
surprised,  that  the  deputies  from  Oneida  and  Cayuga  had 
gone  to  that  Governor,  instead  of  coming  with  their  breth- 
ren to  fulfill  their  engagements  to  him  and  to  the  late 
Count  de  Trontenac.  Second,  tliat  ho  had  taken  steps  with 
his  allies  to  prevent  their  committing  any  hostilities  dur- 
ing the  peace  negotiations ;  but  that  the  feigned  delays  of 
the  cantons,  and  the  irruption  of  some  Iroquois  on  the 
Miamis,  had  drawn  upon  them  the  misfortunes  of  which 
they  complained ;  that  he  regretted  it,  notwithstanding, 
and  to  prevent  like  accidents  had  summoned  deputies 
from  all  the  nations  ;  that  they  too,  if  their  wish  for  peace 
' ,as  sincere,  would  not  fail  to  send  him  within  thirty  days 


'  Dela  Totlicri.- ,  iv.,  p.  140-1. 
'  Fifty-five.     N.  Y.  Col.  IXx-.,  ix., 
p.  7(ia.  ' 


'  III.  PI..  708-711.    Pe  la  PoUieriiN 
iv.,  p.  137-140. 


inSTOUV  ()!•'   NliW   I'lJANCK. 


1U3 


ambivssadorH  from  all  tho  cantons ;  that  thou  tho  war-kct-  1 700. 
ties  shoalcl  bo  ovortuiuoil,  tho  groat  troo  of  [joaoo  strength-  "^^v— ' 
onod,  tho  rivors  chiansoil,  tho  roads  luado  smooth  so  that 
evciy  ono  could  come  and  go  in  all  socurity  whither  ho 
chose.  Thirdly,  ho  consented  that  tho  missionary  and  two 
officers  should  go  as  rotiuestod  with  them  for  tho  pris- 
oners ;  but  on  condition  that  thoy  should  also  bring  am- 
bassadors invested  with  full  power  to  establish  a  lasting 
peace ;  that  on  their  arrival  in  Montreal,  ho  would  set  at 
liberty  all  tho  Iroquois  prisoners ;  but  that  ho  wished 
some  one  of  them  to  remain  as  a  hostage  till  tho  return  of 
the  tnree  persons  whom  ho  entrusted  to  them.  Four  dep- 
uties oflfered  to  remain,  and  wore  accepted.'  The  rest  of 
the  audience  passed  quite  tranquilly,  except  that  some  Iro- 
quois Christians  and  Abcnaquis,  who  had  been  invited, 
met  the  deputies  of  the  two  cantons  with  bitter  re- 
proaches and  haughty  words.' 

De  Callieres  on  dismissing  the  deputies  declared  that  '^"f/l'i*!!'" 
he  would  wait  for  tho  ambassadors  till  the  month  of  Sop-  fromh am- 
tcmber.    The  three    French   ambassadors  sot  out  with  onomtuurn. 
them,  and  were  received  at  Onondaga  « :th  demonstrations 
of  joy  that  they  had  not  dared  to  anticipate.     From  Lake 
Oanuentaha,  where  tho  Iroquois  had  como  to  meet  them, 
thoy  were  led  as  it  were  in  triumph  to  the  groat  village  of 
tho  canton.    Teganissoreus,  as  orator,  had  advanced  a  con- 
siderable distance  to  compliment  them ;  he  adilress(.-d  them 
in  the  most  polished  terms,  and  as  this  Indian  had  never 
varied  in  his  attitude  towards  the  French,  nor  had  taken 
any  part  in  the  perfidy  or  violent  acts  of  his  nation,  tho 
ambassadors  felt  no  doubt  of  his  sincerity  ;  but  they  could 
draw  from  this  no  conclusion  as  to  the  others.' 

They  entered  the  town  amid  volleys  of  musketry,  and 
were  then  lavishly  feasted.  On  the  10th  of  August  they 
were  introduced  into  the  Council  Cabin,  whore  they  found 

'  (V.nforenco  .July  18,  ITOO.  N.  Y.  '  De  la  PotUeric  ,  iv.,  p.  148.  N. 
C.l.    Doc,  ix.,  p.   708-711.     De   la     Y.    Col.    Doc,  ix.,   i).    711.      They 


Father 
Briiyiw' 
addrosa. 


Polhcrii',  iv.,  p.  112-0. 

•"  'I'liis  was  lati.T,  see  De  la  Poth- 
L'rio.iv.,  p.  170. 


renched  Ononduga  July  24,  ITdO. 
O.  H.  lb.,  iv.,  |).  (liiO,  Colden,  Uiw'y 
Five  Ntttions,  p.  300. 


ini 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FKANCE. 


i7«'-  tho  ilcpiiticjH  of  all  tli(!  upper  ciuitons.  Wlicu  all  Lad 
takoii  tlu'ir  jilacos,  Father  liruyas,  who  was  tho  H{)oaktr, 
be^'an  his  address.  This  turned  chieJly  ou  three  points, 
which  ho  supported  by  three  belts.  By  the  first,  ho  ex- 
liortoil  the  cautous  to  remeiubor  that  Ononthio  waa  thoir 
father,  aud  that  duty  and  interest  alike  induced  them  to  bo 
obedient  and  submissive  to  him,  as  became  childreu, 
whether  tlioy  wore  on  good  terms  with  tho  Govcirnor  of 
New  York,  who  was  only  their  brother,  or  had  any  Uilli- 
culty  with  him.  By  tho  second,  he  c^xpressed  his  regret  at 
the  loss  of  several  chiefs  of  merit  sustained  l)y  tho  Iro- 
(juois  nation,  and  ho  assured  it,  on  l)ohalf  of  tho  mis- 
sionaries, that  they  had  lost  none  of  their  former  seuti- 
jnents  towards  it,  notwithstanding  tho  injuries  it  had 
inflicted  on  several  of  them,  "  whoso  suft'erings,"  he  added, 
"we  have  felt  less  keenly  than  the  blindness  of  thoir  perse- 
cutors and  the  invincible  obstinacy  of  the  nation  in  rejecting 
the  light  of  tho  gospel."  By  the  third,  ho  declared  that  tho 
now  Ononthio  was  sincerely  inclined  to  peace,  and  that  ho 
would  grant  it  to  them,  provided  they,  on  their  side,  acted 
as  frankly  with  him,  and  ho  explained  tho  conditions  un- 
der which  he  wished  to  treat  with  them.  He  was  heard 
with  great  attention,  and,  to  all  appearance,  with  pleas- 
ure. When  he  concluded,  Mr.  do  Maricourt  spoko  :  ho  ex- 
pressed great  friendship  for  tho  Iroquois,  and  neglected 
nothing  to  impress  on  them  all  they  had  to  dread  from 
their  Father's  resentment,  in  case  they  refused  the  peace 
which  ho  oflered  on  such  reasonable  conditions  as  thoso 
just  explained  ;  and  what  they  could  hope  from  him  and  all 
tho  French,  if  they  once  opened  their  eyes  to  their  true 
interests.' 

The  next  day,  as  they  were  deliberating  together  ou  tho 

answer  to  bo  made  to  tho  ambassadors,  a  young  English- 

"'uVr'',i'K '^  man  and  an  old  Onondaga  arrived  from  Orange,  (Albany,) 

and  told  them,  from  the  Chevalier  Bellomont,  to  beware  of 

listening  to  the  French,  and  that  he  expected  them  in  ten 


lllDlll's 

:Ut('iii|it  to 


'   Do  la  Poth.Tie,  iv..  p.  1-19-154.     Col.  Doc,  iv..  p.  743;  Coklcn,  His- 
For  tlie  Indiiiu  account,  seo    N.  Y.     lory  of  tliu  Fivu  Nations,  p.  yOO. 


i.  ! 


IIISTOHY  OF  NKW  FUANCB. 


105 


or  twelve  ihxyn  at  All>iiriy,  wlioro  ho  would  inform  thoiu  of  '7'>J 
his  pleiirtiiro.  Tliis  iinj)b'iioiu  toiio  sliockoil  tlio  c-cjunoil,  ■""*"~i''"~ 
and  n<Jtliin^5  porliaiis  coiitriluiUul  moro  to  inclino  tlmt  nii- 
tioii  towiirdH  us,  than  tiiis  uu  easonablo  Htop.  "I  do  not 
undorstaud,"  tliori  said  Toi^auissorous,  "  what  my  hrothor 
lueaus,  iu  dosiiiug  uh  not  to  hoarkeu  to  ouc  Fatlu-i's  voice, 
and  to  sing  the  war-song  at  a  time  wlicu  ovDrytliing  invites 
lis  to  peace." 

Father  liruyas  profited  woudei'  lly  by  this  disposition, 
touhow  the  assembly  that  the  English  Gemrid  troated  the 
cantons  as  8ul)jects,  and  all  that  they  would  have  to  fear 
from  BO  harsh  and  haughty  a  rule,  when  once  they  were 
subjected  to  it ;  that  thia  would  infallibly  soon  happen,  if 
thej  let  slip  the  occasion  now  in  their  hands  of  being  re- 
oouciled  to  their  Father.  Joncairo  added  that  the  Eng-" 
li  ;h,  in  opposing  this  reconoiliation,  could  have  no  other 
view  than  to  let  them  gradually  destroy  themselves  by  war, 
or  at  least  become  so  weak  as  to  bo  no  longer  able  to; 
shake  off  a  yoke  whose  weight  they  would  learn  perhaps 
too  late. 

That  same  day  this  officer  set  out  for  the  Seneca  can  ■     Seyorni 
ton,  where  he  had  his  cabin,  that  is  to  say,  had  been  adopt-  prisoner* 

refuse  to 

relurn  to 

tbc  colony. 


ed,  as  Mr.  de  Maricourt  and  all  his  family  had  been  at 
Onondaga.  He  was  received  with  distinction  as  ambassa- 
dor, and  with  friendship  as  a  child  of  the  nation.  They 
granted  him  the  liberty  of  all  the  French  prisoners  who 
were  iu  that  canton ;  but  .the  majority,  grown  accustomed 
to  Indian  life,  could  not  bring  themselves  to  renounce  it. 
Several  hid  themselves,  others  oi^enly  refused  to  follow  the 
Sieur  de  Joncaire.  The  allurements  of  a  liberty  iinfettered 
by  any  law,  and  perhaps,  too,  some  degree  of  libertinc^e, 
effaced  in  the  minds  of  these  men  all  the  hardships  of 
their  life,  and  all  the  enjoyments  their  own  country  could 
proffer. 

While  Joncaire   was   negotiating   with   the   Sonecas,  a  ^,1,1^0,(1  of 
general  council  of  the  whole  Iroquois  uation  was  held  at  rTj;;'"'''"'"" 


Oiioiidiigii 


the  young  English  deputy  of  the   Cliovalior 
Uollomont  was  admitted,  and  Tegjvnissorens  spoke  for  all 


i!UM  t(i  the 

Kruuch 

ariiliiissa- 

Jon. 


106 


HlSTOUY   OF  NKW    KllANCE. 


1 700.  ti^e  cantons.  Ho  first  addrosHod  tbo  French  ambassadurti, 
~^^  ^  and  bo({an  by  ahsuriug  thorn  tliat  all  his  uatiuu  was  diu- 
pusod  to  hoarkou  to  tho  voico  of  their  Fathor,  that  in  to 
uay  iu  Indian  stylo,  oboy  him.  Ho  addod  that  oach  can- 
ton would  Houd  him  two  deputies  to  rocoivo  his  orders,  and 
that  tlioy  would  sot  out  immediately. 

Thou  turning  towards  the  Englishman,  "  I  do  nothing 
in  Hocrot,"  said  ho.  "  I  am  glad  to  havo  you  kuosv  tho  dis- 
position in  which  I  am.  Tell  my  brother  Corlar,  who  senb 
you  here,  that  I  am  about  to  go  down  to  (Jiioboc  iu  com- 
pliance with  tho  commands  of  my  Father  Onouthio,  who 
has  there  planted  tho  tree  of  peace ;  then  I  shall  go  to 
Orange,  (Albany,)  to  ascertain  what  my  brother  wishes  of 
mo."  With  these  words  he  laid  five  bolts  at  tho  feot  of 
tho  amba-ssadora.' 

Fathor  Bruyas  took  them  up,  which  is  equivalent  to  ac- 
cepting them  ;  and  then  said  that  he  had  no  doubt  of  tho 
uprightness  of  tho  speaker's  intentions,  having  long  known 
him ;  but  that  if  those  who  were  to  proceed  to  tho  Gov- 
ernor-General, wished  to  see  him  without  causing  delay  to 
the  deputies  of  the  western  nations,  who  were  soon,  it  was 
known,  to  arrive  at  Montreal,  there  was  no  time  to  be  lost.' 
Mission  of  t)ne  thing  however  that  greatly  disquieted  tho  ambassa- 
"mffir  "^  ^^^i'«  was  the  fact,  that  the  Chevalier  Bellomont  had 
Mohawks  I'^^^^'itly  induced  the  Iroquois  to  favor  his  sending  minis- 
ters to  them  as  mrssiouarin.s,  and  Mr.  Dellius  had  already 
begun  his  labors  among  tho  Mohawks,  though  in  fact  he 
discharged  the  office  in  a  way  not  to  be  very  troublesome, 
although  it  gave  him  a  salary  of  twelve  hundred  livres. 
Ho  reniaiued  almost  constantly  at  Albany,  where  he  had 
the  children  brought  for  baptism  ;  an  Iroquois  woman  who 
lived  uiiur  him  and  attended  him  on  short  and  rare  excur- 
sions, acted  as  his  interpreter  in  instructing  the  adults ; 
but  the  pruselytes  were  very  few,  nor  did  the  preacher 
seem  very  eager  to  swell  tho  number. 

'  De  la  Pothcrie,  llistoire  de  '  lb.,  p.  IM;  compare  N.  Y.  Col. 
TAmerique  Apt.,  iv.,  p.  154-9.  Doc.,  iv.  p.  742. 


mSTOUY   OF  NEW    FIIANCE 


107 


I  tlo  not  know  uxiietly  how  loiit<  tliift  iiiissioii  IimUuI  ;  but 
I  fiinl  iu  my  uutlioriticH  tlm*  Homo  yciirH  after,  Doll  ins  was 
ilvivou  from  All)iiii}'  liy  Rcllomoiit.'  It  is  cDrtiiin  th.it  llm 
i'rotuHtaut  religion  ims  not  nmt  with  niurh  hiiccohs  anion^ 
tho  Mohawks.  It  ih  not  tho  first  attempt  of  thtt  kind, 
whicli  HJiouKl  eonvineo  thu  llefornuHl  that  thoir  soct  has 
nuitlicr  tlic  ft>cnii(lity  nor  tho  constant  and  hiborious  zeal 
for  tho  salvation  of  tho  hoathou,  which  is  ono  of  tho  most 
striking  marks  to  know  and  distinguish  tho  truo  church  of 
Jimus  Christ.  It  is  vain  for  thorn  to  raise  against  it  all 
tho  calumnies  bogo'  by  their  own  imagination  to  tarnish 
tiio  apostloship  of  our  missionaries.  Without  attempting 
to  apologize  for  indiviihials,  all  of  whom  may  not  have  boeu 
so  irrepreh(!nsible,  one  must  bo  wilfully  blind  not  to  admit 
that  the  groat  majority  lead  a  truly  apostolic  life,  and  have 
founded  very  numerous  and  fervent  churches,  which  no 
sect  separated  icam  the  communion  of  Home  can  boast  of 
doing. 

Nevertheless  Father  Bruyas,  who  saw  no  great  disposi- 
tion on  the  part  of  the  Iroquois  to  hearken  to  tho  word  of 
God,  did  not  doom  it  expodiout  to  touch  on  tho  matter  of 
their  agreeing  to  accept  Anglican  ministers,  so  as  not  to 
raise  an  unseasonable  obstacle  to  the  conclusion  of  a  treaty 
that  ho  was  sent  to  negotiate.  Ho  moreovor  properly  con- 
sidered tho  course  taken  by  DoUius  to  unite  the  Iroquois 
to  the  English  by  tho  bond  of  religion  much  more  likely 
to  produce  just  the  contrary  oftect,  as  it  did  in  fact.  These 
Indians  soon  perceived  the  diflforonce  between  that  minis- 
ter's mode  of  life  and  action,  and  what  they  had  soon  in 
their  former  missionaries,  whom  they  were  not  slow  in 
recalling. 


1700. 


■  Dellius  (ante  p.  8:i)  began  his 
laliors  amon}?  tho  IndiaiiH  in  fOSO, 
nnd  liiH  Hof,'i8ter8  (Munsi'ir!<  Annnts 
of  Albany  I,  Ofi-KU  ;  M,  l(l;t-171  ; 
I1I,(I1-SJ,)  mIiow  many  liidiiins  Imp- 
ti/.i'<l  und  i'i'<'i'ivi'(l  n!4  rliiirrh  ni>  lu- 
IxTK,  Si'i'  MilltT'H  \i!W  York,  p. 
lOM.  In  1700  It.v.  Hcinuid  Fr.nv 
iniin  bi'^^im  tlic  inisMioii  'iTinii^ly. 
Uv   truus'iuU'd    AlutlUcw  uud  uthur 


portioki8  of  Scripturo.  Hia  work 
was  continiU'd  by  Tliorounlijjooil 
Moor,  (N.  Y.  (>)1.  Doc,  iv.  p.  1077.) 
Barohay,  Vannrii'ssi-n  and  otlicrn.  A 
liilli'  Cuii'i'liisni  wiif  |iiil>li.sli<  li  ill 
1707. in  Miihawk,  niitcli  und  Knf;linli, 
ami  a  I'niyer  Hook  in  17 1 "1.  lb.  I'Jl, 
(i.  Fni^nian  btatt«,  (N.  Y.  ('•.!  l>oc., 
iv..  |).  sy."),)  tli;it  111'  toiind  ciul\  'M 
CliriotianH  on  lilii  arrival. 


108 


HIHTOKY  OF  NEW    FRANCK. 


.    ! 


1700. 


liiiHiiJiiliirx 
ri'tiirii  til 
Miiiitrt'ikl. 


It.  llo- 
iiiiiiii'^ 
rill  will 

ctlnll-l  U) 

til  wart  a 
puuru. 


RecapliDii 

(It  rliu 
(Icpiitli  Hal 
Muiitrual. 


Tliuro  bitiuf^  nuthiug  moro  tu  dulay  the  uuibiiHHndorH  at 
OiiDiidii^'ii,  tlioy  Hot  out  tu  roturu  tu  Moutroitl  with  dnpii- 
titw  from  tliiit  (Mintoii  imd  Cayuga.  Thoy  woro  oHt-ortfd 
to  (liiuuoutidiii  with  thu  hiuuo  houorn  givou  thoiu  on  thoir 
arrival,  and  thoy  lialtud  thure  bouo  timo  fur  thu  Onoida 
doputioH.  Tlioiio  ilid  not  uoiuu,  huwovor,  and  tliat  cantuu 
contuntod  itstdf  with  moroly  Hunding  a  bolt,  alleging  as  an 
c'M'UHo  that  tho  cliiof  man  of  thu  deputation  iiad  failoii 
siuk.  It  waH  afturwardu  kuowu  that  thin  wuh  a  prutuxt  to 
avoid  giving  up  the  prisonorH.  Joncairo  Hoon  aftor  arviveil 
thcro  with  six  Soni'ca  deputies  and  three  Frenchmen 
wIkjiu  ho  had  delivered  and  iuducud  to  follow  him.  Only 
ten  had  boon  collected  in  all  the  cautonH ;  but  TeganiHHo- 
runB  undertook  to  hunt  up  thu  roHt  and  havu  them  Hunt  to 
Montreal.' 

'I'ho  and)aH8adorH  and  deputies  wore  about  to  embark, 
when  a  Soiieca  *  arriving  at  CJannentaha  from  Albany,  Htatod 
that  tho  CJovernor  of  Now  England,  iuceuHod  that  tho 
(iantoiiH  should,  in  spito  of  his  orders,  persist  in  thoir  resolu- 
tion of  making  poa  with  the  French,  had  arrested  and  put 
in  irons  an  Oneida  accusod  of  killing  au  Englishman,  seizod 
all  thu  beaver  skins  liu  could  find  at  Albany  belonging  to 
the  Ircxjuois,  raised  tho  red  Hag  to  intimate  that  he  was 
duUrmined  to  make  war  on  them,  ordorod  tho  Muhegans 
to  begin  operations,  U7id  threatened  that  he  would  como 
tho  next  year  in  person  to  teach  tho  cantons  to  respect  his 
will.' 

Tho  deputies  heard  this  very  calmly,  and  the  account 
seemed  to  produce  no  impression  beyond  exciting  a  feel- 
ing of  indignation,  which  they  did  not  altogother  conceal. 
They  set  out  to  the  number  of  nineteen,  and  on  arriving  at 
Montreal,  were  received  with  a  salute  of  patararoos  *  which 
excited  some  jealousy  in  the  hearts  of  our  allies. 


'  I>o  la  Potlicrip,  iv,  p.  101,  Col- 
den's  Five  Nations,  p.  ".203. 

'  ()«ki'tatTil. 

•'  l)i-  la  I'olUi  rii!.  iv.,  p.  lOJl, 
llc'lloiniin:  h<.-lcl  ,1  innriTi-iicu  with 
Jil'y  sachcuis  of  tin'  Kive  Niilions  at 


Albany,  Aug.  il.  1700     N.  Y,  Col 
Doc,  iv.,  p.  7:.'7-71U. 

*  BiH'tos  <lu  rojouisMono! — short 
cannon  xot  up  vortirally  and  plug- 
gi'd  Ko  as  to  niaki.'  a  very  loud 
rt'iMjrt. 


Tli«|p 

Slli'l  rllud 

III    llic 
Collllrll, 


lllrtToRY  OF  NKW  FU\N<'E. 

Sorao  woro  ovon  hcivril  iiHkinj^  wlictlifi-  lluit  wiih  tlio  wny 
tlin  Frj'iich  rt'Cfivod  tlinir  oiKMiiics.  Tluy  wort'  iillowid  to 
Hpoiik  MO,  witliout  luu-liiipM  ittfhHdiiiK  HulHtiit'iitl.v  oil  wliiit  it 
iiiij^lit  loiitl  to,  iiiul  a  (liiy  wiis  Hot  to  lieiir  tho  pmiioHitioiiH 
of  tho  Irociuois  (l(<|)utieH.  Wo  iilwuyn  rink  losing,'  frii'iiilH 
by  onilofivoiiiig  to  rc^iiin  oiioinioH,  whom  Hiich  ii  coiiiho  ruu- 
clorR  Htill  moi'u  liiiii^'hty  timl  iiiiiuiuiii^(Mtl)l<i. 

Tho  orator  of  tho  oantoiiH  Hpoko  Itrictly  iiiiil  uioiltmitcly. 
}Io  tirst  (^vtolUnl  tlio  prompt  ulioiHouco  of  thu  nation  in 
countt<rni  imling  (at  the  Hiiupht  prohibition  niadn  l>y 
Fatlior  IJrnyaH  and  iiis  two  coUoaf^nt-H  on  InOialf  of  tiifir 
Father)  two  liundrncl  of  tlioir  bravoH  jnwt  alioiit  to  tako  tho 
hold  to  avonji^e  tho  laHt  lioHtiUtioH  of  our  allies.  He  ox- 
poHod  tho  indignation  oxoitod  among  tlio  di'pntii!i<  l»y  tho 
ordora  and  threats  of  tho  Goveruor-Oonoral  of  Now  Eng- 
land ;  and  lio  addod,  that  as  thoir  diHregard  of  thoHO  onlors 
and  menaoos  might  draw  upon  them  an  Eugiish  war,  he 
ho[)od  tho  Irocpioin  would  find  at  I'atarooouy  not  only  the 
goods  which  they  could  no  hmgor  olitaiu  at  (Jrango, 
(Albany,)  but  also  tho  arms  and  ammuuitiou  thoy  mi^ht 
require,  bo  as  to  dispense  with  tho  EngliHli,  or  defoud  thorn- 
solves  in  case  tho  English  attacked  thorn.' 

A  more  numerous  audience  gathered  on  tiin  day  ap-  ciiiivniier 
pointed  for  a  reply  to  this  speech.     Tho  Clievalier  dc  ('al-  cuUUnus' 


lioroH  first  repeated  to  tho  deputies  what  he  had  stated  to 
tho  first  envoys,  that  ho  had  hoard  with  regi-et  of  tho  hos- 
tilities committed  on  both  sides  during  the  last  campaign  ; 
that  he  was  extremely  concornod  at  the  losses  of  the  Iro- 
quois, although  they  should  impute  them  solely  to  them- 
selves; and  that  he  would  in  future  establish  such 
perfect  order,  that  nothing  of  tho  kind  should  hapjxn 
again. 

He  then  told  them  that  they  had  acted  very  wisely  in 
recalling  thoir  warriors ;  that  thoy  need  fear  nothing  more 
from  our  allies,  whoso  head  chiefs  thoy  beheld  como  to 
hoar  his  voice  ;  that  ho  thanked  them  for  bringing  biiek  a 


ruply. 


'    N.   Y.   Col.    l)i)c  ,   ix.,   |i.    715:     iIimi,  p.  20'.'.     History    «>f  the  h'lvu 
l)u  Itt  I'otliiTif,  iv..   [1.  Kil-O;    t'ol      Nutioiuj 


110 


HISTORY   OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


1700. 


Provisional 

trciity 
Binned  on 
both  sides. 


part  of  tlio  French  prisoners,  and  expected  them  to  restore 
the  vest  forthwith  as  they  had  agreed  to  do ;  and  also 
restore  to  liis  allies  such  of  their  people  aa  thoy  still  de- 
tained ;  that  to  do  this  he  gave  them  till  the  mouth  of  Au- 
gust in  the  following  year ;  that  the  deputies  of  all  the 
nations  would  then  meet  at  Montreal,  and  prisoners  be  ex- 
changed on  both  sides,  and  all  things  restored  to  the  same 
condition  as  before  the  war.' 

As  the  limit  he  gave  them  was  somewhat  long,  in  order 
to  anticipate  any  accidents  that  might  happen,  ho  told 
them  that  if  any  difference  arose,  or  evil-minded  men  gave 
rise  Lc  any  hostility,  he  wished  the  party  injured  to  apply 
to  him,  without  undertaking  themselves  to  obtain  redress, 
which  he  would  secure  without  regard  to  any  one  ;  that  if 
the  aggressor  refused  to  submit  to  the  satisfaction  he  en- 
joined, ho  would  join  the  injured  parties  to  compel  him  and 
make  him  regret  his  disobedience ;  that  it  would  not  de- 
pend on  him  if  the  Governor-General  of  New  England 
did  not  pursue  the  same  course,  and  a«t  in  concert  with 
him,  such  being  the  intention  of  their  two  royal  masters  ; 
that  their  request  in  regard  to  Fort  Catarocouy  did  not 
depend  entirely  on  him ;  but  that  he  would  WTite  to  the 
King,  and  while  awaiting  his  majesty's  I'eply  would  send 
to  that  post  an  officer,  some  goods,  and  a  blacksmith." 

The  Iroquois  applauded  thia  speech,  and  avowed  that  no 
more  reasonable  words  had  ever  been  addressed  to  them. 
The  Rat,  who  was  the  deputy  and  chief  of  the  Thionnon- 
tatez  Hurons,  then  rose  and  said :  "  I  have  always  obeyed 
my  Father,  and  I  cast  my  tomahawk  at  his  feet :  all  the 
upper  nations  will,  I  have  no  doubt,  do  the  same  :  Iroquois, 
follow  my  example."  The  deputy  of  the  four  Ottawa  na- 
tions spoke  in  almost  the  same  tone ;  the  Abonaqui  dep- 
uty said  that  he  had  no  tomahawk  but  his  Father's,  and 
his  Father  having  buried  it,  he  had  none.  The  Iroquois 
Christians  made  the  sai'io  declaration.  Tliero  was  never- 
theless some  piipie  betw.jeii  tln^so  last  two  nations  iind  tlio 

'  1>(!  la  I'othcric,  iv.,]..  1(17.  S.o  N.  V.  Col.  Doc,  iv.,  ]).  798,  SOS. 
liiuiaii  ii'iKirtd  (il  till'   priiori'' lings.         ■  N.   \,  I'nl.  Doc,  i\..  {i.  718. 


HISTOUY  OF  NEW   FIJANrE. 


Ill 


deputies  of  the  cantons ;  but  all  was  soon  appeased  by  the 
General's  prudence,  and  a  sort  of  provisional  treaty  was 
signed.' 

The  Chevalier  de  Calhercs  signed  first,  then  the  Intend- 
ant,  next  the  Govei'nor  of  Montreal,  the  Commandant  of 
the  troops  and  the  Ecclesiastic  and  Regular  Superiors 
present  at  the  assembly.  The  Indians  also  signed,  each 
putting  the  mark  of  his  nation  below  the  treaty  The  On- 
ondagas  and  Senecas  traced  a  spider  the  Cayugas  a 
Calumet,  the  Oneidas  a  forked  piece  of  wood  with  a  stone 
in  the  middle,  the  Mohawks  a  bear,  the  Hurons  a  beaver, 
the  Ab^naquis  a  deer,  and  the  Ottawas  a  har«.  The  Mo- 
hawks and  Oneidas  had  however  no  deputies,  but  had  ap- 
parently authorized  some  one  to  sign  for  them.  We  shall 
soon  see,  however,  that  these  marks  are  not  always  the 
same.    This  treaty  bears  date  September  8th,  1700. 

This  matter  thus  arranged  to  the  satisfaction  of  all  par- 
ties, the  General  dispatched  Mr.  de  Courtmanche  and 
Father  Anjelran  to  the  western  and  northern  nations,  to 
induce  those,  whoso  deputies  had  not  appeared,  to  consent 
to  the  troaty  and  bring  him  chiefs  of  all,  that  the  meet- 
ing appointed  for  the  month  of  August  in  the  ensuing  year 
might  be  general.  He  especially  charged  tliem  to  omit 
nothing  to  arrest  the  war,  still  raging  furiously  between  our 
allies  and  the  Sioux ;  but  this  was  not  easy,  the  Sioux 
having  in  the  last  spring  carried  off  a  whole  village  of 
Miamis.' 

He  then  wrote  to  Mr.  de  Pontchartrain  to  report  v.liat 
he  had  just  done,  and  informed  him  that  he  deemed  it  a 
duty  to  profit  by  the  actual  disposition  of  the  cantons ;  to 
settle  to  advantage  the  boundary  between  the  English  and 
ourselves ;  that  if  in  settling  this  we  could  not  obtain  tho 
ownership  of  the  Iroquois  country,  it  must  at  least  bo  do- 


1700. 


'  Sept.  8,  rrOO.  lb.  p.  TiO.  The 
French  now  first  lic>;aa  the  Rysteiu 
of  written  treaties  with  the  hidians. 
To  balance  this  the  English  ol*- 
tained,  Oct.  7,  a  sort  of  submission 


tions.     lb.,  iv.,  p.  758. 

■'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,ix.,  p.  715-731. 
De  la  Potherie,  iv.,  p.  174. 

'  Crane,  Canada  Doc.,  II.  ix.,  p.  59. 

*  De  la  Potherie,  i v.,  p.  175.   N.  Y- 


DeCal- 

liores' 

efforts  to 

contirm 

peace. 


of  the  Abeuaiiuis  to  the   Five  Na-     Col.  D.,  ix.,p.  713.    Ante  iii.,  p.  2ba 


112 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


1700. 


Bellomont 
wishes  to 
forci^  llio 
Ih)i|ii()is  to 
receive 
milliners 

mission- 
lU'ics. 


Tlio 

esiabliah- 

meiit  at 

Mout  Louis 

falls  ugaiu. 


clareJ  neutral,  ami  a  stipulutiou  made  that  neither  Fi-ench 
nor  Englisli  should  be  allowed  to  make  any  establishments 
there.  That  in  spirituals,  ho  considered  that  these  people 
should  be  left  entirely  free  to  choose  either  Catholic  mis- 
sionaries ov  Protestant  ministers,  and  that  we  might  rest 
assured  that  they  would  always  prefer  the  former  to  the 
latter. ' 

The  Chevalier  Bellomont  was  himself  convinced  of  this, 
although  ho  affected  a  contrary  opinion ;  but  he  thought 
that  he  could  carry  by  force  what  he  despaired  of  obtain- 
ing otherwise.  He  nevertheless  began  by  making  presents 
to  the  cantons  to  gain  them ;  then  he  told  them  that  he 
was  going  to  send  ministers  among  them,  and  he  added 
that  if  the  Jesuits  appeared  in  their  villages  he  would 
hang  them.  This  course  roused  the  Iroquois ;  but  what 
spoiled  all,  was  Bellomont's  intimation  that  he  intended 
to  erect  forts  in  the  cantons  of  Mohawk,  Oneida  and  On- 
ondaga, especially  at  the  mouth  of  the  river  Chougouen. 
They  broke  out  then  in  such  a  manner  that  he  duist  go  no 
further.' 

The  state  of  peace  seemed  to  Sieur  Riverin  very  favor- 
able for  carrying  out  his  project  of  Sedentary  Fisheries 
at  Mont  Louis ;  but  as  he  was  not  rich  enough  to  bear 
alone  the  expense  of  such  an  enterprise,  and  was  apparently 
abandoned  by  his  company,  he  took  in  as  partners,  unfor- 
timatoly,  two  Parisians.  Ho  then  went  to  Quebec,  and  hav- 
ing got  together  some  families  took  them  to  Mont  Louis, 
in  June  1700,  and  began  his  fisheries,  while  awaiting  the 
ship,  which  his  partners  had  agreed  to  send  him,  and  which 
was  to  bring  him  fishermen  and  flour. 

The  ship  arrived  indeed  on  the  8th  of  July ;  but  too  late 
by  six  weeks  to  profit  by  the  fishing  season.  Nor  was  this 
the  greatest  trouble.  His  partners  had  in  view  only  the 
fur  trade,  their  ideas  having  been  changed  by  false  state- 
ments given  them.     Then  those,  whom  they  had  sent  to 


'  Callieri'S  to  Pontcbartraiu,  Oct.  '  Homer  was  sent  to  lay  out  a  fort 
16,1700.  New  York  Col.  l>oc.,  p.  «t  Onoiulaga.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  lv„ 
711,  p. -UO,  <i'U,(Wl. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCR 


113 


look  after  their  interests,  seeing  that  tliis  trade  could  not  '  700. 
bring  them  in  the  great  profit  held  nut  to  tliera,  notified  '""*'>"""' 
the  settlers  at  Mont  Louis  that  they  must  expect  no 
further  aid  from  them.  They  went  further ;  for  they  stripped 
the  settlement  of  everything  they  could  turn  to  use,  under 
the  pretext  that  they  had  advanced  the  coht  of  all 
these  hings,  and  thus  they  ruined  all  Sieur  Riverin's 
hopes.' 

Acadia,  although  the  English  since  the  promulgation  of  Condition 
peace  no  longer  disputed  our  possession  of  it,  was  not  m 
much  better  state  than  Mont  Louis.  The  fishery  there 
was  constantly  abandoned  to  the  New  Englanders,  who 
carried  on  a  great  trade,  and  the  Chevalier  do  Villebon  lay 
quiet  in  his  fort  at  Naxoat,  no  means  being  furnished  him 
to  do  more."  This  fort  even  was  quite  useless  as  a  defence 
to  the  few  French  settlements  along  the  St.  John's  River, 
and  those  in  Acadia  could  receive  no  assistance  from  it, 
yet  we  had  more  than  once  learned  by  experience,  that 
treaties  of  peace  did  not  always  shield  our  colonies  from 
attacks  from  our  neighbors. 

At  last  on  the  representations  made  to  the  King's  Coun- 
cil on  the  necessity  of  fortifying  ourselves  in  that  province, 
his  Majesty  sent  over  Mr.  do  Fontenu,'  who,  after  mak- 
ing an  exact  reconnoissance  of  the  country,  advised  the 
abandonment  of  Naxoat.  His  reasons  were,  the  fre- 
quent inundations  of  St.  John's  River  preventing  perma- 
nent settlements ;  the  great  difficulty  of  entering  its  mouth 
on  account  of  the  variety  of  winds  and  the  violence  of  the 
currents,  and  the  small  size  of  its  harbor,  which  would  not 
allow  three  ships  to  anchor  thei'e  without  inconvenience. 
It  was  accordingly  resolved  to  transfer  this  establishment 


The 

•Csttiihlish- 
iiioiit  at 
Naxoat 

transfdiTod 
to  I'ort 
KoyaL 


'  Memoire  sur  I'etablissemont  de 
Mont  Louis,  Canada  Doc.,  III.,  i.,  p. 
a44. 

»  ('.li(!valier  Villebon  ditnl  at  liii 
fort  Naxoat  on  the  8t.  John's  in 
July  of  this  year  1700.  Extract  of 
an  ucc<iuut  in  Travels  of  Ijcarned 
Miesionarietj,  London  1711,  |).  300; 


Diereville,  Relation  du  Voyage,  p. 
148,  153.  Canada  Doc.,  IIL,  ii..  p. 
418. 

'  He  came  over  apparently  in  the 
Avenant,  44,  Chevalier  de  Chava- 
guac,  captain,  and  sailed  back  Oct.  (!. 
1700.  Diereville,  Relation,  p.  210, 
20H. 


f 


11^  HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

1700.  to  Port  Royal,  but  by  changing  its  position,  no  advantage 
was  gained  except  that  of  situation,  which  would  indeed 
have  been  greater  at  la  Heve  or  Camceaux.  Little  or  no 
pains  was  oaken  to  put  it  in  position  to  hold  out  against 
the  English,  should  they  think  fit  to  attack  it.' 


•  Villieu  to  the  minister,  Sept.  37, 
1700.  Canada  Doc,  III.  ii.,  V-  437. 
Histoire  Gfenerale  de  la  Nouvello 
EtoBse,  p.  129.  A  letter  of  Sister 
CLaudron,  a  Sister  of  tlie  Congrega- 
tion of  Montreal,  who  reached  Port 
Uoyal  July,  1701,  gives  a  touching 
account  of  the  wretched  condition  of 
Port  Royal.  Faillon,  Vie  de  Mar- 
guerite Bourgeoys,  II.  p.  173.  On  the 


13th  of  January,  1700,  diod  Margaret 
Bourgeoys,  foundress  of  the  Sisters 
of  the  Congregation  at  Montreal,  at 
the  age  of  80,  forty-seven  after  her 
arrival  in  that  city.  See  ante  vol.  II. 
p.  250.  Faillon,  Vie  de  Marguerite 
Bourgeoys ;  Vie  de  la  Soeur  Bour- 
geoys, 1818.  Charlevoix  at  one  time 
contemplated  writing  her  life.- 


BOOK  XVIII 


BOOK    XVIII 


Of  all  tho  parts  ot  New  France  uo  one  thou  engaged 
the  attention  of  the  ministry  more  tlian  Louisiana ;  I 
have  already  said  that  de  la  Sale  had  given  this  name  to 
the  new  discoveries  made  by  him  along  the  Micissipi. 
Since  his  unfortunate  attempts  to  discover  tho  mouth  of  that 
river  by  sea,  the  project  had  apparently  been  renounced. 
At  last,  in  1697,  Mr.  d'Iberville,  on  returning  from  his  Hud- 
sou  Bay  expedition,  recalled  the  attention  of  the  ministry 
to  the  point,  and  led  the  Count  de  Pontchartrain  to  pro- 
ject a  fort  at  the  mouth  of  that  great  river,  which  that 
officer  (Iberville)  flattered  himself  he  could  find.' 

This  resolution  taken,  the  minister  equipi)ed  at  Roche- 
fort  the  Francois  and  Renommee,  giving  tlie  command  to 
the  Marquis  de  Chateaumorand  and  Mr.  d'Iberville,  both 
captains  of  ships  of  the  line.'    They  set  sail  on  the  17th 


1700. 


'  Mr.  French  in  his  Hist.  Coll.  of 
Louisiana  and  Florida  gives  the  pro- 
poBnls  for  colonizing  Louisiana  sub- 
mitted to  tlip  French  government 
Dec.  10,  1697,  by  a  Mr.  de  Remon- 
ville. 

'  Charlevoix  is  in  nrror  here. 
Iberville  and  Clmteuiuuoraud  <lid 
not  sail  together,  Imt  met  by  ap- 
Ipiiiiitiiieiit  ill  tlie  VV.  Jl  Iiid'tis, 
Iberville  in  the  Badine,  ;i(),  niid  the 
Chevalier  de  SurgercB  in  the  Muriii, 
aO.  iil't  Brest,  t)ct.  34,  ItiUS,  Laving 


put  back  to  that  port  after  sailing 
from  Rochellu  Sept.  5.  Iberville  to 
Pontchartrain,  July  3,  1699,  MS.; 
"  Journal  du  Voyage  fait  par  deux  fre. 
gattea  du  Koi,  la  Badiui',  commaudeo 
par  Mr.  d'Ibcrvilli'  et  lo  Marin  par 
Mr.  li)  Chevalier  de  Surg^res,  qui 
partirent  de  Brest  le  vendredi,  24 
Octoljre,  1G98,  ou  elles  avoient  re- 
laolie.itant  purtiesde  la  linrlielle  ie5 

Septftnibn;  pi edent  "   MS.;  Uenard 

de  la  Harpe,  Journal  p.  4.  skives  tlio 
dale  Sept.  ^4,    erroneously  ;    I'eui. 


118 


IHSTORY  OF    NEW  FKANOE. 


17CX). 


Nuw 
cntuiiiriae 
U>  tliidthu 
iiidUtU  ot 

tliu 
Miciasipi. 


Do 

CHiiitoan- 

iiionuid 

luid 

d'llKTVille 

not 
received   at 


of  Octolior'  in  tho  ousuing  year  antl  on  tho  1 1th  of  Do- 
cembcr  ancliorod  ott"  Cap  Franjois  in  St.  Doiuiugo.' 
Thoy  tlion  procootlod  to  Lcogaue  to  confer  with  Dticasso, 
Govornor  of  St.  Domingo,  who  ah'oady  knew  d'lborvillo 
well  by  reputation,'  and  who,  after  conversing  with  him  on 
his  projects,  wrote  to  tho  Count  de  Pontchartraiu  that  his 
views  and  his  genius  seemed  to  him  to  equal  his  valor  anil 
ability  in  war.' 

On  tho  last  day  of  the  year » the  two  captains  set  sail 
again  and  on  tho  27t]i  of  January,  1G!)9,  camo  iu  sight  of 
the  main  land  of  Florida.'  They  ran  iu  as  near  as  possi- 
ble without  risking  their  vessels  on  a  coast  they  did  not 
know,  and  sent  the  Sieur  Lescalette  to  lay  in  wood  and 
water  and  at  the  same  time  make  inquiries.'  On  his  return 
this  officer  informed  them  that  they  were  opposite  a  bay 
called  Pensacola,  where  three  hundred  Spaniards  had 
recently  come  from  Vera  Cruz  to  settle ;  and  it  was  after- 
wards known  that  the  ol)jeot  of  this  settlement  was  to  antici- 
pate the  French.' 


cant,  H.'latiDii  ou  Aniiali's  Veritii- 
blt'8,  Cli.  1.  ^  1,  gives  the  Ucnoiu- 
mi'e  as  Ibcivill(''8  irigatc,  au'l 
evidi'iitly  inislid  Clinrlevoix.  C'lui- 
ti'auiiiorand  sailed  IrDiii  Fiunce  Oct. 
15,  in  the  i'luui.ois,  aceoiiipaiiii  J  liv 
tho  \Ves|).  Jipiii'iial  (In  Voyufj;!', 
Dec.  11.  Letter  of  officer  on  the 
Frani.ois  in  French,  p.  21. 

Pi-nicaut  will  always  be  cit(!il  in 
the  notes  from  a  careful  copy 
made  iiiidiifr  Mr.  Marjiry's  direction. 
French's  translation  is  evidently 
made  from  a  careUss  abridgiutint, 
with  dates  and  names  subsetiuently 
supplied  or  altered  from  other 
sources ;  it  cannot  be  cited  with 
confidence. 

'  Oct.  -Jt,  10!W. 

•  Dec.  4,  ItillS.  .Journal  du  Voy- 
age ;  Henard  d<>  la  llarpe  p.  -1 ;  I'eni 
cttut,  Uelation.Ch.  I.  ^  I. 

■'  Du  Casse  was  a  captain  iu  tlu; 
Wavy  ;  Benard  de  la  llarpe  p.  1. 

'  Du  Deo.  lltli  the  Fraui.oiH  and 
VVesp  came  in  sight,  fcjee  nolo  -,  p. 
11?. 


■'  The  Kran(;oiB,  Badine  and  Maiin 
sailutl  in  company  Dec.  ;il,  08 — Jany. 
l.'StO.  Journal  du  Voyage.  Tlie  first 
as  escort,  Letter  of  an  officer  in  the 
Francois,  French  p.  31  ;  Beuard  <lo 
la  llarpe,  p.  4.  Peuicaut,  writing 
I'Toni  lui'uiory,  says  3iHh. 

'  They  came  in  sight  of  land  on 
the  'i'M.  Journal  du  Voyage,  34th  ; 
Officer's  Letter. 

'  On  the  20th  they  saw  two  Si)an 
ish  vessels  in  a  harbor  and  the  next 
day  Sieur  de  Lescjuelet  was  sent  to 
reconnoitre.    Journal  du  Voyage. 

■■  Journal  du  Voyage  ;  Benard  de 
la  llarpe,  p.  ,5.  Tlie  Journal  seems 
to  imagine  that  tho  Spaniards  set- 
tled there  only  four  months  iHsforo  ; 
but  it  was  ill  1(!1)()  that  Oeneral  An- 
dr(>w  de  Arriola  sailed  from  Vera 
Cruz  and  founded  the  town  of  Santa 
Maria  de  Ualve  d::  I'ensacola,  with 
its  fort  San  Carlos.  Barcin,  Eiisayo 
CroUdlogico,  p.  310  The  place  took 
its  name  from  the  Penzocolos,  an  ex- 
tinct tribe,    lb. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRAN'CE. 


119 


LoHCivletto  luul  cntcro J  the  harbor  and  asked  tlio  Gov-  '  y^-"- 
eruor's  peiiuission  to  take  iu  wood  and  water  ;  tho  Gov-  '  "*"v-~^ 
ernor,  ou  loaruiug  ou  whose  bolialf  he  aolioited  it,  had  told 
him  that  ho  woukl  seud  tho  answer  to  his  comuiaudauts, 
and  in  fact  dispatched  his  major  with  him  to  compliment 
Mesaiciirs  do  Chatoaumorand  and  d'Ibervillo  ;  that  officer 
handed  them  a  letter  from  his  Governor,  stating  that  the 
two  ships  of  the  Most  Christian  King  might  in  all  free- 
dom take  in  wood  and  water,  and  ovtn  take  shelter  where 
they  wonld ;  but  that  he  had  formul  orders  to  receive  no 
foreign  ship  into  tho  harbor ;  that  nevertheless  as  a  storm 
might  arise  which  would  force  them  to  enter  tho  bay,  he 
sent  them  4iis  pilot  to  take  them  in. 

The  Marquis  de  Chatoaumorand  wrote  to  the  Governor 
by  this  major  that  the  sea  ran  so  high,  that  he  despaired 
of  finding  any  other  place,  where  the  King's  vessels  could 
ride  in  safety,  so  that  ho  was  compelled  to  accept  his 
offers."  The  next  day  he  sent  the  Sieur  Lawrence  de 
Graff,  lieutenant  of  a  frigate,  whom  he  had  taken  on 
board  at  Cap  Fran9oi3,  to  sound  the  entrance  to  tho  har- 
bor." Mr.  d'Ibervillo  also  went  in  his  long  boat  with  the 
Chevalier  de  Surgeres,  and  found  twenty-one  or  twenty -two 
feet  in  the  shallowest  part ;  but  the  Governor,  who  had 
thought  the  matter  over,  and  was  afraid  he  woiild  be  taken 
to  task  by  the  Spanish  court,  having  changed  his  deci- 
sion, they  had  to  seek  another  harbor.' 

On  the  Slst  d'Iberville,  who  had  taken  the  lead  to  ex-    jj.jj,^^. 

plore  the  coast,  anchored  S.S.E.  of  the  eastern  point  of  „  v"i«'* 
*  '  .  .       '^  discoveries. 

the  Maubile,*  a  great  river  parallel  to  the  Micissipi,  and 
famous  for  the  bloody  victory  gained  there  by  Hernando 
de  Soto  over  the  Indians."    On  the  2nd  of  July '  he  lai'd- 


'  Journal  du  Voyage,  Jany.  37-8. 

'  A  buccaneor  (ttibustier)  famous 
in  tlie  history  of  St.  Domingo,  and 
so  fonnidablo  to  tho  Spaniards  in 
Anu'rica  under  the  name  of  Loren- 
cillo.  Chadei'oU.  He  joined  them 
Dec.  17.     Journal  du  Voyage. 

^  Journal  du  Voyage,  Jany.  87. 


♦  Iberville  to  Pontchanrain,  July 
3,  1(599,  tliough  the  Journal  du  Voy- 
age says  lie  left  the  vessels  outside 
and  went  inside  the  bay  in  boats. 

'  Oarcilasso  de  la  Vega,  in  his 
History  of  the  Conqiiest  of  Florida, 
calls  the  river  Mauvilla.  Charlevoix, 

'  February. 


120  HISTORY  OF  NEW  FKANCE. 

1700.  0(1  on  a  noigliboriug  islaiul,  four  lorvguoH  in  circuit.  It  had 
lit  this  time  (juito  a  commoilious  harbor,  tlio  nioutli  of 
which,  thou  five  fatiionis  ihiop  iit  till  tinii^s,  was  closed  some 
years  ago  by  the  sand  driven  in  by  a  storm.  D'Il)orvillo 
called  it  Massacro  Islo,  from  his  perceiving  on  tlio  south- 
west extremity  the  skulls  and  bones  of  about  sixty  human 
beings,  massacred,  as  ho  inferred,  with  several  culinary 
articles,  still  entire.' 

Ho  ontcro      From  Massacre  Islo,  afterwards  called  D.iuphin  Island, 

tlio  .  . 

Midgsipi.  ho  proceeded  to  the  main  land,  and  having  discovered  the 

river  of  the  Pascagoulas,  whore  he  found  many  Indians,  he 
set  out  with  the  Siour  do  Sauvolo,  ousign  on  a  vessel  of  the 
line,  his  own  brother  de  Bienville,  a  midshipman,  a  Re- 
coUoct  Father,  forty-eight  men  on  two  Biscayennes,  and 
provisions  for  twenty  days,  with  the  view  of  seeking  the 
Micissipi,  of  which  the  Indians  had  spoken  to  him  under 
the  name  of  Malbouchia  and  the  Spaniards  under  that 
of  La  Palisada.'  He  at  last  entered  it  on  the  2nd  of 
March,  Quinquagosima  Monday,  and  found  that  the  Span- 
ish name  was  quite  suitable,  its  mouth  all  bristling  with 
trees  incessantly  borne  down  by  the  cun'ont.' 

.^fter  carefully  reconnoitring  this  long-sought  mouth,  he 
proceeded  to  impart  his  discovery  to  the  Marquis  de 
Chateaumorand,  who  followed  him  slowly,  and  who  having 
come  only  to  bear  him  company  up  to  this  point,  now 


'  The  Journal  du  Voyage  says 
over  100  Hkulls.  The  vcBsols  were 
earthen  potH  See  Bt'nard  de  la 
Harpe,  p.  6.  Peniciiut  doscribes  the 
visit  to  the  inlnnd  118  long  alter,  but 
he  may  not  have  been  In  the  first 
party. 

'  GarcilasBO  do  la  Vega  calls  it 
Cuoagua.  Clutrlei-oi.c.  The  Jour- 
nal du  ViiyaRe  does  not  enumerate 
the  party,  nor  give  the  matter  in 
this  slia()i\  The  two  boats  under 
d'Iberville  and  do  Sauvolle  started 
Feb.  37,  with  51  men  in  all.  The 
Recollect  was  Father  Aungtasius 
Douay  (ante  volume  iv.)    The  Jour- 


nal of  Iberville's  voyage  gives  jlal- 
bantia  as  a  name  of  the  river 
(May  23).  The  namo  Palisada  is 
given  in  Barcia,  Ensayo  Cronologico, 
p.  310. 

'  Charlevoix  here  omits  all  events 
in  February,  during  whicli  Chateau- 
morand sailed.  The  Journal  du 
Voyage  describes  these  trees,  but 
does  not  allude  to  the  Spanish 
name.  Mulabuuchia  has  a  suspi- 
cious resemblance  to  Malaboca,  Span- 
ish words  for  Bad  Mouth.  Iberville 
entered  the  river  at  night  and  on  the 
3d  of  March,  WM,  Mass  was  said  und 
a  Te  Dcum  cluinted. 


llHTOltV  OF  NKW  KUANCE 


121 


Siiiled  off  iu  Iiiw  vohhuI  tlio  FriiiKjoiH,  wteorinf?  on  tlio  20tli 
of  April  for  St.  Doiniiif^o.'  As  soon  iih  ho  lioisttxl  Miiil, 
(l'Ib(irvillii  ont^rod  tlio  Micis-iipi,  with  tho  viow  of  ssiiling 
up  tijiit  rivor,  tin. I  did  not  got  fur  beforo  lio  saw  how  littlo 
he  could  roly  on  tho  Ucdntion  iittribntod  to  tho  Chovalior 
do  Toiiti,  1111(1  on  all  thono  of  Fiithor  llonncpiu  whicli  ho 
had  uli'oiidy  found  at  fault  iu  rogai'd  to  Canada  and  Ilml- 
Bon's  liay.  'i'his  ho  statod  to  thi>  Ministor  iu  a  lottor,  of 
which  I  havt*  iiad  tiio  original  in  my  hands,  and  which  is 
presorvod  in  tho  Di'pot  do  l.i  Marine' 

On  his  arrival  in  tho  village  of  tho  Bayagoulas,  (the  po- 
sition of  which  I  have  noted  elnowhore)*  tlio  chief  of  thes) 
Indians  condactod  him  to  a  tomplo,  a  iloscription  of  which 
will  not  pi'rh;ips  disploaso  tlio  roador.  Tho  roof  was  d(!C- 
oratod  witli  various  animal  figures,  among  which  a  red 
cock  was  conspicuous.  At  tho  entranco,  by  way  of  a  por- 
tico, there  was  a  shed  eight  foot  broad  by  eleven  long,  sup- 
ported by  two  stout  columns  on  which  rested  a  cioss-pioco. 
On  either  ,«*ide  of  the  door  wore  other  animal  figures,  such 
as  bears  and  wolves  and  various  birds,  and  at  tho  head  of 
all  a  chouchouacha,  an  animal  with  a  head  like  a  sacking 
pig,  and  of  about  tho  same  size ;  its  hair  is  of  tho  same 
quality  as  that  of  a  badger,  gi-ay  and  white  :  it  has  a  rat's 
tail,  an  ape's  paws,  and  tho  fomalo  has  under  Jier  belly  a 
sack  in  which  she  broods  and  nourishes  her  young.* 

Tho  Indian  chief,  who  was  d'Ii)ervillo's  guide,  opened  a 
door  only  three  feet  high  and  two  wide,  and  entered  first. 
This  temple  was  a  cabin,  built  like  all  tho  others  in  the  vil- 
lage, in  form  of  a  dome  somewhat  flattened  and  thirty  feet 
in  diameter.     In  the  centre  were  two  logs  of  dry  worm- 


170  . 


'  ilt' sailed  really  Feb,  21.  (Jour- 
nal du  Voyage,  M8.;  d'lbc'rville  ti) 
Poiuchartrain  ;  OlUcer'u  Lcltur,)  and 
of  CDiirso  beforii  d'Iburville  had  en- 
tiTed  tho  .MissisHippi. 

■'  Mr.  Fronch.m  his  version  or' tliis 
lotter,  Hist.  Collootious  liOuisiaiia 
and  Florida,  p  -'4  sid)stituteK  .lesuita 
for  ITennepin.  No  .Jesuit  having 
written,  none  could  bu  retlirred  to. 


Timplii  ol 
thu 
Baya- 
goulas. 


Charlevoix  cites  Iberville's  auto- 
graph letter.  Th(!re  are  no  reflec- 
tions in  tlie  .loiirnal. 

^  Charlevoix,  Journal,  p.  430. 
D'lbervillo  reached  it  March  14,  and 
was  received  by  the  Chief  of  tlie 
Mongoiilaclia8.  D'lberville  to  I'oiitr 
chart  rain. 

*  The  opoBBum. 


199 


mSTollV   OI-'   NKW    KIlANl'K 


ir  ^'  natun  wood,  laid  otid  to  oiiil,  liiuniuf,'  mid  cinittiiip;  much 
"^  '  ^" '  Hiuoko.  Altho«iid  of  tho  room  wii.s  ii  kind  of  stii)^'»>,  on 
uliii'li  l:iy  sevoiiil  jdii-kagos  of  iloor,  Ixiir  and  Imil'id  >  hiviiiH, 
Avliich  had  lioun  oirurtnl  to  tho  cliouchcjiiadiii,  tliiit  uiiiiuul 
luiiug  tho  yoil  of  thf  lJii_)a^oiiliis,  and  luiiig  piiiutod  in 
8ov(;ml  pints  of  tliu  toiiiplt'  in  rod  and  black.' 

Tlimo  \V!iH  Htill  aiiotlur  tciuiilo  in  tho  villa;^o,  whiuU   Mr. 

d'lhorville  did  not  apparently  enter,  as  ho  says  nothing  of 

it  in  hiH  letter.     Tho   villago  couslstod  of  .sovou   hundred 

cuhiuH,  oacli  lioMin;^'  only  on(^  family,  and  lighted  only  l»y 

tho   door  and   an  aperture   two  foot  in   dianiolcr   in    tho 

centre  of  the  doiiie.' 

n'liicrvllKi      Thoiico  d'lhorville  aHoended  to  the  Ounias,  whoro  ho  was 

Idler  from  received  with  gn  at  cordiality.    Yet  ho  still  had  some  doubt 

chcviiiicr   whether  thi;  river  ho  wan  on  was  tho  Miui.ssipi,'  bocauHO, 

Mr.  (ichi  ullhough  ho  notiood  .somo  mark.s,  among  tho  Bayagoulas, 

which  gave  him  ground  to   infor   that   the  Chevalier   do 

Touti  had  passed  there,  yet  he  did  not  find  certain  things 

lucutioned   in   tho    llelation    attributed   lo   that   oflicer.' 

Uut  a  lottor  handed   to  ilr.   do  IJieuvillu   by   an  Indian 

chief,  relieved  him  from  this  uuoasiness.     Tho  letter  was 

from  iho  Chovaher  do  Tonti,  and  addrc'ssod  to  "  Mr.  do  la 

Sale,  Ooveruor  of  Louisiana."  *    It  began  thus  : 


tiulu 


1  The  Journal  ilu  Voyiige  <li'- 
Bcribi's  tliu  ti'iuiilu  biii'lly,  .Mareli  15, 
IfiUll.  Ib'Tvilli'  iimkcs  the  Uiiyii 
g.)ula  villiip'  <)4  l(ii(ru''H  Irom  tlio 
mouth  ;  tlio  Juurnul,  •>(). 

'  Tlii'  Jtmriiul  imikes  llif  [njpulu- 
lion  four  or  fiv(i  Imndri'd.  'i'lioy 
Were  Huhsiqueiitiy  riivugoii  l>y  8mall 
jiox.  unil  by  IT'JJ  hud  di.^iipin'ured. 
ClmrU'voix,  .lounial,  p.  4;j(i. 

-The  Journal  dii  Voyiigc  shows 
that  d'lbiTvilU'  wax  by  no  means 
Certain  at  that  time  that  he  was  on 
the  MinKiissiiipi.  Yet  he  undoulitedly 
m\ist  have  had  any  rep<jrts  and 
liiapK  of  BealljeiiH  poMge.-ihed  by  the 
1).  oartment  de  hi  Marine.  'I'liat  na- 
val (ilTieer,  by  la  Sr.le':^  reipiegt,  (Let- 
ter, Marcli,  Ills,-),  in  Tliomani^y  and 
in  iiurly  Voyag.-H,  p.  liti^,}  exanuned 


U8  hu  sailed  bark  thu  outlet  ;xiS8ed  lu 
.lauuary,  (ante  iv.,  \>.  US.)  a.s  a  chart 
by  En^'ineer  Min.  t  dated  May.  KiS,";, 
still  existH  in  tin-  "•'dveM  dela  .Ma- 
rine, showing  the  iivtr  us  hijjh  as 
New  Orleans.  (1  .irkman,  I)is4'overy 
of  the  (Ireat  W»'at,  p.  !i:tO.>  If  Iber- 
ville was  not  certain,  we  cannot  as 
sunie  that  Beaujee  was  certuiu  that 
this  WHS  really  the  true  mouth  of 
the  Mississippi,  and  theretbri'  acted 
with  prenie<litated  bad  faith. 

■•  Uiervilh'  to  I'oiitohurtrain,  July 
:{,  l(i!)i).  The  chief  wore  some  arti- 
cles given  him  by  Tonti.  Journal  du 
Voyage. 

'  This  letter  was  given  by  the 
Mongoulaches  to  Iliervilh's  brother, 
{Ijjervilli'  to  I'ontcliiiniain,!  or  to 
Siiuvole,  (.Journal  du  Voyage,  March 


UlSTUliV  OF  NKW  FUANCB. 


123 


Vrr.LAdK  <ir  iiik  QniMPiHSAi,'  A|iril  'JO,  \<\>*r,.         1700. 
"Sin:  Iliivin^  fouinl  tlio  piwts  on  wliicli  voii  liatl  sut  up  — >-"~^ 
the  King's   lU'uis,  thrown  ilowu  liy  llu'  driftwood,  I  hiivo 
pltintod  iiiiotltiM' fiirtlii*!    ill,  iiboiit  hdvou  liMigitnH  from  tlio 

Hoii,  wiieni  I  lift  !i  Ictlor  in  ti  trt'n,  hi'giilc All  tlio 

niilions  luivn  Kuug  tln^  Caluiml  to  ni(> ;  tlicy  fear  us  t«x- 
coHHivoly  siuoo  you  dofoutod  this  vill.i  ,'o.  I  coneludn  by 
Htiyiug  tluit  it  \H  a  grtmt  ilisii[)|ioiiitiiii'Mt  to  iiin,  that  wo 
shcjuld  ri'turu  without  tho  good  f(n'liiiu)  of  nn'cting  yon, 
uftor  two  canoes  havo  coasttrd  towards  Mt^xico  for 
thirty  Icaguoa  and  towards  Florida  for  tweuty-livo," 
<&o. 

RuasHurod  l)V  this  letter,  d'Iborvillo  roturnod  to  IJiloxi  ^"B','^''  <>" 
Bay,  whioli   lius  between  the  Mieissipi  and  Maubile,  and   Mii  itiipi. 
there  built  a  fort  three  leagues  from  the  I'aseiigoulas,  luul 
leaving  Mr.  de  S.iuvoh)  as  eommauilant,  with  Bienville  as 
lieutenant,  sailed  back  to  I'rauce.* 

He  did  not  rem  lin  there  long  boinp;  back  apnin  to  Biloxi 


28.)  while  Iborvllle  was  soi'kinn  the 
other  imtli't  of  thi'  rivir.  'I'hu  ilaln 
ill  Iht-  liiltiT  hlioiilil  bo  lii.Hil,  I'ark- 
iiiiiu,  UidOoviTy  of  ill!'  (■I'.iil  Wcxt, 
jp.  081).  k  18  Tint  iniunoucd  liy 
'I'liutl  lu  his  MiiiUdin^H,  in  Voyti>,'i;s 
an  Nor.l,  v.,  p.  \i'i  :  in  .Miii'gry,  Uo- 
ltttiiiii(^,\c.,  p.  'J4.  It  isgivfii  in  jub 
Htiinre  lu  till'  Jiiurniil  ilii  Vo_va,'i', 
Mari'li  ;J.")  ;  IJi'iinrd  du  la  lliirpi,  p. 
10.  Churlfvoix,  wlio  f,'iv('s  all  wo 
have  .if  it,  ouiitH  purl,  pr  iliiihly  limu 
stale  lUDlivis. 

'  Till'  Indians  cnllcd  CJuinipis»;i8 
by  thi)  C'lifValiiT  de  'I'omi  aie  tlio 
Bayn^oulus  and  tlw  .M'iiif:uiilait'liaa. 
i'lfirh-r,ii.t.  The  Jniinuil  dii  \'<>y- 
apro  Hayn  tlaw  two  loriuiil  due  vil- 
la{;e,  tlio  chief  ol  iho  lalhT  riillii)^ 
the  village.  Hi'nard  de  la  llur]H>, 
Journal,  |).  10,  says  tUa:  alter  de- 
stroyinji;  the  'I'angiba' s  (White 
Corn,  I'enirain)  tlie  yiiiui|iissas  took 
the  niitiie  of  Moii;;(iul:ielia.s  ;  Kau 
vole  siiys  the  l,!uiuipls.-;as  and  Mon- 
^oulachas  united  under  tho  riiief  of 


the  Quliilpissii)'  .loui'iiul,  p.  'i'2H. 
Oravier,  liihitioii  du  V'oya'.<e  en 
17dO,  p.  ii).  Kiirly  Voyages  up  and 
down  the  .\li.-Nl!iKippi,p.  luO,  who  wns 
more  I'amllliir  with  ilir  riv.'r  tribes', 
tuiys  thu  liulai;oulii  cliief  nias.iacrod 
the  .Mon^oulaulia  cliief  and  iiioru 
than  'JOO  men  uf  iila  trilio  who  woro 
very  IVlen<lly  to  the  French. 

'  Knuu  t'lo  llayaf,'(Mila8  he  wont 
up  to  thi'  OumikH,  and  then  on  thu 
:i.iil  of  March  sailed  ilown,  tlirough 
tho  lU'rvilk".  reaching  his  ship  on 
the  ijlst.  Ilo  next  sought  u  site  for 
a  fort,  aud  al'tur  ouo  choice  tiuon 
abaiidoiiod,  fixed  uijon  the  east  point 
c"  Ui.oxi  Ijay  where,  April  S,  he  be- 
gun t.)  cut  down  trees  to  build  the 
fori,  generally  called  old  Fmi  IJiloxl. 
De  L'lslo  (Voyages  au  Nerd,  iv.,  p, 
5(17,)  calls  it  Foit  .Maurepa^.  For  a 
description  of  Uiloxisoe  Charlevoix, 
Journal,  p,  •ll'^;  I<'atlior  AnastaBlus 
celebrated  Faster  Suiiduy  (.\pril  1!() 
Willi  mass,  vesji.'rs  and  s  ■riiioii. 
'I'he  fort  was  conipleted  by  tho  onil 


'    I 


124 


illSTOUY  OF   NEW  FUANlIJ. 


1700.  on  tho  8th  of  January,  1700.'  Ou  arriving  ho  learned  that 
towards  the  end  of  September  of  the  preceding  year  an 
English  corvette  of  twelve  guns  had  entered  the  Micis- 
sipi;  that  Mr.  de  Bienville,  who  had  gone  to  sound  the 
mouths  of  the  river,'  had  met  this  vessel  twenty-five 
leagues  from  the  sea,'  and  had  told  the  commander,  that  if 
ho  did  not  retire,  he  was  strong  enough  to  compel  him ; 
this  threat  succeeded;  but  as  they  retired,  tho  English  de- 
clared that  they  would  soon  return  in  greater  force ;  that 
they  hud  discovered  tho  country  more  than  fifty  years  be- 
fore, and  had  a  better  right  than  the  French. 

D'Iberville  learned  at  the  same  time  that  other  English 
t^cuoftue  i>-'onx  Carolina  were   among  the   Chickasaws,  trading  for 
furs  and  slaves,  and  it  was  afterwards  ascertained  that  they 
even  incited  these  Indians  to  kill  an  ecclesiastic,  who  was 
really  massacred  among  the  Tonicas.*    This  information 


Possossion 
airaiu 


river 


of  the  month  with  4ba8ti(mB,  a  ditch 
and  Vi  guns  mounted.  (Frencli, 
Louisiana  and  Florida  Hist  Coll. 
makes  Ibci'ville  say  54  guns.) 
D'Iberville  set  fail  er.,rly  in  May  (iid. 
Iherville  to  I'ontchartrain,  July  8, 
leU'J,  and  Sauvole  in  Louisianu  H.  C, 
iii.,  p.  i2;i ;  Uh,  La  ^arp.^  ]..  14  ;  8lh, 
Journal  du  Voyngc.)  lie  n'ached 
Frinice  JuneUO,  (.lournaldu  Voyage) 
Itoehelort,  July  i,  (Letter  to  Pont- 
cliartrain.)  lie  left  Sauvole  in  com- 
iimn.i  ot'  the  I'lrt  witli  Biinvilli'  as 
Kinir's  Lii'Ut'>iiaut,  le  V'asseur,  Ma- 
jor, de  l^  isbriund  and  other  (ifflcers, 
and  M.  (!e  Bordeuiie,  ol' the  BHdin(.'. 
as  chaiilain,  (Letter  July  I!.)  Peui 
eaut,  eh.  L  S  •{•  gives  the  Jesuit 
Father  du  Ru  as  chaplain,  but 
Charlevoix,  Journal,  \>.  4ol,says  du 
Ru  catne  on  the  second  voyage. 

'  He  came  in  the  Ki'nomnn'e,  50, 
and  La  Surgere  in  the  Uironde,  4(5, 
They  arrived  January  5,  17(J0,  Fen- 
icaut,ch.  ii,.^  1  ;  but  la  Ilarpe  says, 
Dec.  8,  Kilt!),  Journal  p.  'il. 

'  D'Iberville  went  up  the  Missis- 
sippi to  the  Natchez  at  once,  and 
thence  sent    down   Bienville,    who 


met  the  English  ship;  Penicaut,  ch. 
ii.;  but  Sauvole,  p.  22!).  says  the 
nu'eting  took  place  Sept.  15. 

■'  The  river  at  this  place  makes  a 
great  bend,  since  then  known  as  th<i 
Detour  aux  Anglois, — Tho  English 
Turn,  t.'iiiir.'rroi.i;  The  vessel  met 
by  Hieuville  was  one  of  12  guns  un- 
der ('apt.  Barr,  which,  with  another, 
(apt.  Clements,  then  at  the  mouth, 
hail  been  sent  out  by  Daniel  Coxe  in 
l(i!l8  to  form  a  settlement.  Coxci's 
Carolana,  Preface  ;  Sauvole.  Journal, 
iii.,  p.  220,  2;i8,  (Jravier.  Journal,  p. 
01.  La  llariM,',  p.  29,  says  it  was  a 
If)  gun  ship,  Capt.  Barr.  He  repre- 
sents Bienville  as  inducing  Barr  to 
believe  the  Missiasippi  further  on. 
Coxe  says  his  two  ships  had  40  can- 
non and  10  patararoes  and  ascribes 
their  failure  to  the  cnjitain  of  tho 
second  ship. 

*  Benard  de  la  Ilarpe  p.  15  ;  Sau- 
vole, Journal,  p.  281;  ( 1  111 vier,  Jour- 
nal, p.  19  ;  Early  Voyagrs  up  and 
down  tho  Mississippi,  p.  12('> ;  Peui 
caut.  The  clergyman  whose  death 
is  Jiere  alluded  to,  is  the  Rev.  Nich- 
olas  Foucault.  of  the  Seminary   of 


H.STORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


ilocicltjcl  (VIberville  to  renew  the  taking  of  possession  per-     1700. 
formed  by  ile  la  Sale  more  than  twenty  years  befijre,  ami   ■~-'>'~~^ 
to  buikl  on  tlie  bank  of  the  river  a  small  fort,  in  whioli  lie 
jjlauted  four  guns,  and  of  whieh  he  placed  his  brothai"  Bien- 
ville in  command. 

This  fort  was  situated  almost  at  the  mouth  of  tho  river 
on  the  eastern  side  ;  but  did  not  subsist  long.'  While  they 
were  working  at  it,  tho  Chevalier  de  Tonti  arrived  witli 
about  twenty  Canadians  settled  in  Illinois,  and  Mr.  d'lber- 
ville  having  spoken  to  him  of  the  llelatiou,  ourrent  under 
his  name,  he  protested  that  it  was  not  his,  but  the  work  of 
!i  Parisian  adventurer,  who  had  compiled  it  from  poor  ma- 
terials, and  ascribed  it  to  him,  to  give  it  vogue  and  mt'ke 
money." 

It  was  not  possible  for  Father  Hennepin  to  do  the  same  ^''''f  'i'"*'^'' 
with  his  tliu'd  lielatiou,  lor  he  was  known  to  have  been  his     t..  tu-.y. 
own   publisher.     .Still  there  is  little  doubt,  but   that   tho    '"""  '^" 
English   entered   tho   Micissipi  on  these  very  Memoires, 
"  I  learn,  wrote  Mr.  de  Callieres  to  Mr.  de  Poutchartrain, 

Qiii'boi.'.  killed  in  170;!.  c'iuirli'V()ix, 
.louruiil,  p.  4:il.  Si^c  Bt'imnl  de  In 
llarpi',  pp.  7U,  87,  itnd  I'eiiii'iuit,  as  to 
llie  datt)  of  Foiioault's  dcatl,. 

'  Bieiivilk"  wiiK  .■iont  down  hi  Fort 
BUoxi  to  gut  niatorials  for  the  fort  un 
the  Mississippi.  He  selertfd  fl  s]  <  t, 
Jhii'v  10,  1700,  iiiid  Ibci'villi'  bcpin 
it,  Jan'v  li).  15.  de  la  llarpc,  p,)  •-l^t- 
0.  FiitliiT  du  Uii  un-ctou  a  (W,-:;, 
Feb.  1  I  said  mass  and  blt-sscd  a  bur- 
ial 8iM)t.  Oravii'r,,Ji)iirnal,p.  08.  It 
is  said  to  liavo  been  at  Poverty 
Point,  ii8  miles  below  New  Orleans. 
Cliarlevoi.x  on  a  map  in  his.Iournn', 
and  .letferys  in  one  in  his  Frencli 
Dominion.s,  call  it  i'ort  d(!  la  Bou- 
laye  ;  but  1  do  not  (in  1  this  nim;i  in 
conteniporary  Journals  nor  on  de 
risle's  mil -IS  of  1700,  1703  or  171S. 
After  working  on  it  a  I'lriuiirlil  he 
planted  a  'i  ufun  battery  and  landi  d 
supplies.  Uravier  rea<'!iiil  it  Dee. 
1 7,  1 700.  and  say.s  there  \v,is  simply  a 
0  f':iui  biitlery,  no  tort,  bastion, 
iiiirencliiiient  or  red,'  .o,,  ,>  ur  ti  e^di- 


ins,  a  small  house  for  Bienville. 
tJravier,  Journal  p.  5;J  ;  Sauvole,  p. 
332.  It  was  abandoned  the  next 
year. 

•'  The  work  hero  roforrod  to  ap- 
peared in  1097.  "  Dernieres  Decou- 
vertes  dans  rAmerique  Seplenlrio- 
nale  de  M.  de  la  Salle,"  and  may  be 
found  in  Voyages  au  Nord,  vol.  v. 
Although  repudiated  l)y  Tonty,  it 
must  have  been  based  on  pajUTS  of 
his.  His  avowed  Memoire  is  in 
Margry,  Relations,  and  in  English  in 
1.  liiisiiina  H.  C,  vol.  i.  Tonty  start- 
ed with  Rev.  Jlr.  Montigny's  com- 
pany in  Sept.  1008,  and  left  them  at 
tlie  .\rkansas  in  Dee.  Relation  do 
la  Mission  du  Missipsip,ii  p.  43; 
Early  Voyages,  p.  73;  In  .July  fol- 
l(..\'.iig,  Messrs.  Montiguy  and  Da- 
vion  visited  Biloxi,  ."^aiivole's  .Jour- 
nal p.  .27.  an<l  took  back  a  -Iter  for 
Tor.ty.  on  wbieh  be  came  down  and 
m-l  d  I'  rvi  le,  Feb.  10,  1700,  Sau- 
\ole,  p.  233  :  Bi'nard  de  la  llarpe,  p. 


i,  ■ 


.■■» 


126 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FKANCE. 


>  700.      May  2ucl,  1G99,  that  vessels  arc  fitting  out  iu  Euglantl  and 

'—"^^~-~^  Holland   to  go  and  settle  Louisiana,  on  the  work  of  the 

Recollect  Father  Louis  Hennepin,  who  made  a  book  on 

the  subject  and  dedicated  it  to  King  AVilliam." 

Pivtciisions      Iu  a  second  letter,  written  a  month  after  the  former,  the 

Ein;ii-ii,    General  informed  the  same   minister   that  he   had  been 

llieir 

dcsiKiis  ft;i(i  assured  that  the  King  of  Great  Britain,  in  his  inability  to 
support  the  French  refugees  iu  England,  had  the  previous 
autumn  sent  a  considerable  number  in  three  ships  to  take 
possession  of  the  Micissipi,  and  that  twenty  Englishmen 
from  New  York  had  startea  /or  the  Illinois,  pretending  that 
all  the  country  to  the  south  belonged  to  them.  In  fact,  in 
October  1698,  three  ships  sailed  from  London  for  Louis- 
iana, but  put  iu  at  Carolina,  whence,  some  time  after,  two 
of  them,  of  12  and  24  guns,  continued  their  voyage. 

They  went  to  the  western  extremity  of  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  for  the  Micissipi,  their  maps  placing  that  great 
river  there.  Not  finding  it,  they  sailed  back  eastwardly, 
hugging  the  shore  till  they  at  last  discovered  the  object  of 
their  search.  The  smaller  of  the  two  entered  the  river,  and 
was  the  one  drivf  n  out  by  de  Bienville.  The  other 
returned  to  the  west  and  pushed  on  to  the  province  of 
Panuco  in  New  Spain.  Thus  the  French  colony  of  Louis- 
iana, in  its  very  cradle,  was  menaced  by  two  powerful 
neighbors,  equally  jealous  of  the  new  settlement,  namely 
the  Spaniards,  who  could  not  suffer  any  interference  with 
their  possession  of  the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  so  long  regarded 
by  them  as  their  domain  ;  and  the  English,  whose  proxim- 
ity, entoriirising  character  and  vast  pretensions  rendered 
them  still  more  formidable. 

Beside  the  design  formed  by  the  English  King  of 
throwing  on  the  Micissipi  a  large  number  of  French  refu- 
gees then  in  Carolina,  and  of  whom  that  colony  would  be 
glad  to  be  rid,  after  deriving  great  services  from  them,  that 
prince  also  wished  thereby  to  establish  his  right  to  that 
great  river,  which  all'orded  him  a  convenient  naval  station 
in  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  ;  but  this  should  have  induced  the 
Spaniards  to  bo  less  unfavorable  to  our  .settlement,  which 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


127 


could  give  them  loss  umbrago  llinii  the  vicinity  ami 
immense  power  of  the  Euglisli,  against  whom  wo  now  act 
as  a  barrier  for  them. 

On  the  other  hand  the  French  refugees,  in  whom  Eng- 
lish ill-treatment  liad  perhaps  revived  love  of  country, 
would  willingly  have  seized  the  opportunity  to  secure  to 
their  lawful  prince  the  possession  of  tliat  fine  country,  and 
one  of  them,  who  was  on  board  the  English  vessel  referred 
to,  made  no  secret  of  it  to  Mr.  do  Bienville.  He  told  him 
that  every  soul  of  them  earnestly  desired  liis  Most  Christ- 
ian Majesty  to  permit  them  to  settle  under  his  protection 
in  Louisiana,  where  he  would  always  find  them  most  faith- 
ful subjects ;  that  on  their  side  they  asked  only  liberty  of 
conscience ;  this  granted,  they  would  soon  come  in  great 
numbers,  and  guarantee  to  render  that  great  territory  a 
most  flourishing  country  in  a  few  years. 

This  proposal  was  not  to  the  taste  of  Louis  XIY.,  who 
had  decided  not  to  suffer  either  in  his  kingdom,  or  in  the 
colonies  dependent  on  it,  any  religion  but  his  own.  After 
the  death  of  that  great  prince,  those  same  refugees  renewed 
their  offers  to  the  Duke  of  Orleans,  regent  of  the  king- 
dom, who  rejected  them  for  the  same  reasons  that  influ- 
enced the  King  his  uncle,  as  I  learned  at  the  very  time 
fi'om  the  late  Marshal  d'Etrees,  who  had  strongly  advocat- 
ed that  policy  in  CounciL' 

The  Spaniards  did  not  act  as  openly  as  the  English  did 
against  a  settlement  which  gave  them  such  umbrage  ;  but 
they  seem  to  have  acted  more  adroitly  to  check  its  pro- 
gress and  prevent  its  being  solidly  planted.  In  fact,  down 
to  these  last  days  they  have  succeeded,  by  the  bait  of  a 
small  and  unprofitable  trade,  in  retaining  us  between  the 
Micissipi,  which  we  have  neglected  to  settle,  and  Peusacola, 
on  a  shandy  hill,  (Biloxi,)  on  an  island  (Dauphin)  as  worth- 
less, and  on  a  river  (Maubih))  which  it  was  well  enough  to 
secure,  but  which  should  not  have  been  made  a  great  ob- 


I IQO. 


The  French 

refuKces 
(ilTcr  to 
suttlu  tho 
country. 


Their  offer 
rejected. 


Conduct  of 
tho 

S|>iiuiiird3 
In  rcKiinl  to 

Lovii.'<iaiia. 
Fnnch 
errors. 


'  Tliis  Huguenot  proiiosul  to  set-  Frencli  enginiMT  on  Barr's  vessel, 
tie  in  Louisiiinn  was  given  to  Bien-  Uenard  de  la  Itnrpe,  Journal,  p.  19, 
ville   In    writing   liy    M.    Secon,    ii    Sauvole'H  .Jimrniil,  p.  2;i8. 


I     4 


128 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1700. 


Object  of 

Louisiana 

trade. 


jcct,  for  it  must  bo  avowed  that  on  this  occasion  d'Iberville 
forgot  liiiuoolf ;  or  if  be  bad  other  views,  bad  not  timo  to 
carry  out  bis  project,  baviug  been  subsequently  taken  up 
with  other  expeditions. 

It  is  certain  that  this  officer,  after  completing  his  fo.  c  on 
tho  Micissipi,  and   ascending  that   river  to  the  Nutches, 
where  he  projected  founding  a  city  to  be  called  Rosalie, 
as  1  have  noted  elsewlu^re,'  returned  to  Bih)xi  Bay,  where 
he  established  tho  headquarters  of  his  new  colony.     The 
Spaniards  made  no  opposition,  and  the  Cimmundant    from 
the  two  nations  had  in  this  appare"itly  tlio  same  aim,  with 
this  diifereuco,  that  one  did  good  service  to  his  King  by 
amusing  the  Frencli  with  trade  ;  and  the  otlier,  while  wait- 
ing to  be  put  in  a  position  to  do  bettor  for  the  interests  of 
his  prince,  thought  that  he  might  at  least  not  neglect  liie 
owu  interest."    Be  that  as  it  may,  the  Governor  of  Pensa- 
cola  declared  to  the  Chevalier  de  Sarg6res,  when  that  olB- 
cer  went  to  ask  leave  to  enter  his  port,  that  be  had  orders 
to  prevent  the  English  and  all  companies  from  settling  in 
the  neighborhood  of  the  Micissipi ;  but  not  to  refuse  to 
receive  in  his  port  vessels  of  tho  King  of  France,  and  he 
required  him  to  exhibit  his  commission,  to  assure  him  that 
Le  was   in   the   service   of  his   Most   Christian   Majesty, 
whereupon  d'Ibcrviile,  in  a  letter  to  the  Count  de  Pontchar- 
traiu  obsorv(!S  to  the  minister,  that  in  the  opinion  of  men 
most  versed  in  American  affairs,  Louisiana  would  never  be 
settled  unless  trade  was  thrown  open  to  all  tho  merchants 
iu  the  kingdom. 

The  two  great  objects  of  this  trade  at  that  time  were  the 
wool  to  be  obtained  from  the  bison,'  and  tho  pearl  fisheries. 
Both  were  expressly  noted  in  Iberville's  instructions. 
"  One  of  tho  great  objects,"  they  say,  "  proposed  to  the 
King,  when  he  was  urged  to  discover  the  mouth  of  the 
Micissipi,  was  to  obtain  wool  from  the  cattle  of  that  coun- 


'  Chaili'Voix,  Jounuil,  p.  414. 

"  For  llicrvillc's  triidiHf?  opera- 
tions  here  delicately  hinted  at.cee 
Gov.  du  Calliere's  report.  N.  Y. 
Col.  I'oc.,is.,  !>.  il'i.     lie  'ought  a 


quantity  of  furs  from  men  wlio  ran 
off  with  them  from    the   west  aud 
eame   down   tlie  MisaiHsippi,  to  tho 
loss  of  the  owners  in  Canada. 
*  BoouI'd  du  pays. 


HISTORY  OF   NEW  FRANCE. 


129 


try  ;  and  for  this  purpose  these  animals  must  be  tamed  and  1700. 
])arked,  and  calves  sent  to  France.  Although  the  pearls  "■"^y— ' 
presented  to  his  Majesty  are  not  tine  either  in  water  or 
shape,  they  must  nevertheless  be  carefully  sought,  us 
others  may  be  found,  and  his  Majesty  desires  Mr.  d'lber- 
ville  to  bring  all  he  can ;  ascertain  where  the  fishery  is 
carried  on,  and  sec  it  in  operation." 

It  was  soon  admitted  that  the  jjearl  fisheries  were  not 
worth  the  trouble  of  proseciting;'  but  we  do  not  yet  well 
TUiderstaud  why  the  first  objtct  has  been  hitherto  neglect- 
ed, not  only  for  the  wool,'  but  also  for  the  leather,  or  what 
has  prevented  multiplying  these  cattle  in  Franco.  At  all 
events,  it  was  net  Iberville's  fault,  as  before  his  return  to 
France,  he  issued  wise  orders  on  the  i>oint,  which  were 
never  enforced. 

The  King  had  also  adopted  excellent  measures  for  car-  ~,    ^.    , 

rying  the  light  of  the  gospel  to  the  difierent  tribes  dwell-  '"t<\rest  in 

ing  on  the  banks  of  the  Micissipi,  and  then  much  more  ti""  "f  'lie 

Tx)Ti         -ii  1  Louisuuia 

numerous   than   now.      D  Iberville  took  over  the   Jesuit    inaiaus. 

Fathers  Donge  and  Du  Eu,  and  Father  Limoges  camo 
from  Canada ;  but  the  Bishop  of  Quebec,  whose  diocese 
already  the  most  extensive  in  Christendom,  had  just  been 
augmented  by  a  country  larger  than  France,  exacted  from 
them  conditions  which  were  unsuitod  to  them  :  moreover, 
Mr.  de  Montigny,  and  two  other  clergymen  fi-om  the  Sem- 
inary of  the  Foreign  Missions,  had  come  from  Quebec  to 
Louysiana,  with  all  the  bishop's  powers.  The  Jesuits 
thought  that  they  could  see  an  indisjiosition  in  these 
clergymen  to  act  in  concert  with  them,  and  received  orders 
from  their  Superiors  to  retire.' 


'  The  pearls  wure  found  on  the 
river  of  the  Pascagoulas,  and  tlio 
Pearl  evidently  derives  its  name 
from  tUeni. 

'  This  idea  of  rtaking  bisou  wool 
an  article  of  trade,  runs  all  through 
la  Salle's  docuuiouts.  but  never 
seems  to  have  been  for  a  monii  nt 
geriously  tlumglit  of  in  America, 
although  ii  ({mW  took  the  fancy  of 


many.  Uemonvillo'sproiiosalB allud- 
ed to  the  wool  and  to  the  domestica- 
tion oftht^  bison,  but  do  not  mentiou 
the  pearl  fisheries. 

^  The  Mission  of  the  Seminary 
of  Quebec  on  the  Mississ'iipi,  was 
established  by  Uishop  de  St.  Valier, 
May  1,  l(ii)l^.  The  Riv.  Fianoi.-.  Jol- 
liet  de  Montijiny  was  ai)[)ointi'(l  Su- 
perior and  Vicar-Oeneral  and  set  out 


■J    ? 


130 


HISTORY  OF  NRW  FRANCE. 


1700.         Other  missionaries  of  thdv  Society  liucl  for  some  years 

"""""'""'  directed   quite   a   tlonrishing  eliurch  among  the   Illinois, 

(wlio  were  not  tlien,  as  now,  considered  as  embraced  in  the 

of  tho     Lonisiixna  K'lvernment  •)  and  they   huvo   ever   since  con- 
IlllnolB.  "^  . 

tinned  to  instruct  that  nation,  in  wiiom  Christianity  had 

already  produced  a  change  such  as  she  alone  can  produce 
in  nn)i\.ls  and  disposition.  Bi  loro  tliat  time,  there  were 
perha])s  no  Indians  in  any  [lart  of  Canada  with  fewer 
good  .qualities  and  more  vices.  They  have  always  been 
mild  and  docile  enough  ;  but  tliey  were  cowardly,  treach- 
erous, fickle,  deceitful,  thievish,  brutal,  destitute  of  faitli 
or  honor,  selfisli,  addicted  to  gluttony  and  tho  most  mon- 
strous lust,  almost  unknown  to  tiie  Canada  tribes,  who 
accordingly  despised  them  heartily,  but  the  Illinois  were 
not  a  whit  less  haughty  or  self-complacent  on  that  ac- 
count. 

Such  allies  could  bring  no  great  honor  or  assistance  to 
tho  Fi'ench.  Yet  we  never  had  any  moro  faitliful,  and,  if 
we  except  the  Abenaqu;  tribes,  they  are  tho  only  tribe  who 
never  sought  peace  with  their  enemies  to  our  prejudice 
They  did  indeed  see  the  necessity  of  our  aid  to  defend 
themselves  against  several  nations,  who  seemed  to  have 
sworn  their  ruin,  and  especially  against  the  Iroquois  and 
Foxes,  who,  by  constant  harassing,  have  somewhat  trained 
them  to  war,  the  former  taking  home  from  their  expedi- 


Dor  the  west  in  thtj  summer  of  101(8, 
with  llev.  Mesi^is.  .Vntliouy  i^av'  ;n, 
iii'.d  .John  U.  (h'  St.  <'ouie.  The  .ast 
heyan  liis  labors  among  tlie  Tama- 
rois,  an  Illinois  tiilie,  in  Ui.lU,  as 
Davion  did  among  the  Tonicas. 
Relation  de  la  Mission  du  Micissipi. 
(N.  York,  ISfil  )  Dehi  Potherie.iv., 
p.  10.;.  Moiitigny  oliose  the  Taen- 
sa.'-,  and  St.  Come  took  up  his  re.si- 
dence  among  thi>  Xalcln'Z  bel'ore 
March,  1700.  (La  Harpe,  Journal,  p. 
Zi*.)  As  W(^  have  seen,  Montiguy 
and  Davion  visited  Sauvole's  fort 
BO(m  after  Iberville's  dej.arture,  (ante 
p.  12o.)  The  Seminary  wa-"  thus 
eslabli.-^hed   in  its   nn^sions  on   the 


Micissipi  before  the  arrival  of 
Faiiier  du  llu  and  Donge,  who 
came  on  riljervUle's  second  voyage. 
The  I'ormiT  was  not  apparently  fitted 
for  a  delicate  position,  and  Sii'ivolo 
complains  greatly  of  his  course. 
Father  Donge  died  ai  Mobile  in 
1704.  St.  Come  was  killed  in  1707. 
and  Rev.  N.  P'oucuult,  one  of  his 
asfociat(!s,  between  170-  and  1704, 
(see  ante.)  Mr.  de  Montigny  soon 
retired,  and  though  Mr.  Davion 
labored  for  some  years,  the  missions 
were  all  abandoned  excei)t  the  Tani 
arois.  which  s^till  belongs  to  the 
Seminary  of  liuebec.  Se(!  Shea's 
Hist.  Catholic  Missions,  pp.  433-445 


HISTOKV  OF  NEW  FRANfE. 


131 


oo. 


tiona  against  the  Illinois  only  tlio  vices  of  that  corrupt  na- 
tion.' 

But  it  was  Christianity,  which  they  siucoroly  ombracud, 
that  completely  bound  the  Illinois  nation  to  onr  interest. 
Add  to  this  the  firmness  of  tlie  Chevalier  de  Tonti,  and 
the  sagacious  conduct  of  the  Sieurs  de  la  Forcl '  and  Do- 
lietto,  the  latter  a  relative  of  Clievalier  de  Tonti.  hose 
three  officers  long  commanded  in  the  country  of  the  Illi-  • 
nois,  and  acquired  a  great  ascendency  over  their  minds. 

Before  the  first  disc(jvery  of  the  Micissipi,  the  Illinois  *"'''^,';^*["^^^'''" 
■were  scarcelv  known  in  Canada/  Father  Marquette  ami  mmm;;  Uio 
Sieur  Jolict  on  then-  way  down  that  river  passed  by  some 
of  their  towns,  where  they  were  very  Avell  received,  and 
Father  Marquette  when  he  died  was  preparing  to  go  and 
settle  among  them.'  Then  la  Sale,  preparing  to  complete 
the  discovery  begun  by  that  missionary,  first  thought  ol 
estabUshiug  posts  among  the  Miamis  jukI  Illinois  to 
serve  as  c  mtrcs  for  his  trade.  As  he  had  several  lleeol- 
lect-  Fatiiers  with  him,  it  was  his  design  that  thosy  should 
establish  a  mission  among  the  Illinois ;  but  they  were  always 
too  much  euqiloyed  among  the  French  and  too  much  divert- 
ed by  the  excursions  -which  de  la  iSale  compelled  them  to 


'  Othera  drew  ii  moro  favorablr 
jiicture  of  the  Illinois.  Compart! 
Ualeantl  >[«rest  in  thu  Lnttres  Edi- 
flautes;  Maresf,  in  lielation  derf  Af- 
fiiiro3  du  Canada,  p.  43;  IVnicaiit, 
Relation. 

-  Francis  Daupiii,  Sieur  de  la 
Forest.  Parkman,  Discovery  of  the 
Great  West,  p.  188. 

•'  They  are  fir.'ft  met  at  Chagoiine- 
gon  in  l(iH7  by  .Miouez,  and  soon 
after  l)y  Martpiette,  who  projeete<l  an 
Illinois  nii.ssion.  Allou.'/.  after.vards 
found  some  on  the  Fox  ){ive.  and 
Ali'niuetle,  soon  after  "nterieg  the 
Mis.'iissippi  by  the  \\'i.S(Min.sin,  in 
J. me  liiT:',,  found  the  I'eorias  and 
Moiiigwena,  two  Illinois  tribes,  on 
lie  w  ■stern  bank  of  the  river.     On 


liis  way  up,  he  un't  tke  I'eorias  and 
then  th(!  Ki.'<kaskias  on  the  Illinois 
Hiver.  IIo  began  the  mission  jiroin 
i»iug  to  return.  Having  obtained 
tlie  neoe.ssary  permission,  he  set  out 
in  Sept.  llJTt,  wintered  at  Chicago, 
reached  the  Kaskaskia  town  and 
again  pr.'achi'd  to  them,  but  finding 
liis  illness  increase,  endeavored  to 
reach  .Michilimackinac,  but  died  on 
the  way  Alay,  I'.l,  lUT.").  In  l(i77,  Al- 
louez  was  there  laboring,  and  con- 
tinued till  lOri),  f'^tiring  on  la  Sale's 
apiu'riach. 

■'lliidjnsi  visited  them  ;  ^ee  Dis- 
covery and  Exploration  of  the  Mis- 
sissippi, )).  5:1 ;  Dablon,  Uelation, 
1073-0,  p.  100.  Compare  ante,  iii,  p. 
183. 


132 


HI8T0KV  OF  NEW  FllAI^CE. 


1700. 


->    I 


Mi9>l011 

tlu'se 
Iiidhiiis. 


Miiikt),  to  gain  auy  j)ioselytes  umonf?  thoso  lutliiius,  waose 
langufi^'e  thuy  had  not  even  time  to  loani.' 

Aftoi  thoir  doparturo,  and  that  of  do  hi  Salo,  tho  Cliova- 
lier  de  Touti  was  h)f t  hoIo  coiumaudaut  aiuoii}^  tho  lUiuois, 
and  Father  Allouoz,  whom  wo  havo  had  frequout  occasiou  to 
meutiou  iu  this  liistory,  and  who  had  settlod  among  the 
Miiimis,  had  moio  than  ouo  opportunity  to  visit  that  na- 
tion, and  wished  to  see  wliothor  ho  would  find  in  thorn  a 
greater  disposition  to  roooive  tho  gospel,  than  ho  mot 
among  t  oso  whom  he  had  for  some  youis  cultivated  with 
but  little  iriiit ;  but  he  soon  perceived  that  they  had  even 
loss,  or  that  mtorcourse  with  the  French  raised  more  ob- 
stacles to  thoir  conversion,  and  he  returned  to  his  mission 
on  St.  Joseph's  River,  where  he  died  full  of  days  and 
merit." 

At  last  various  events,  disposed  doubtless  by  Providence, 
and  also  the  news  of  la  Sale's  death  having  scattered  the 
French  among  the  Illinois,  Father  Gravior  deemed  the  mo- 
ment favorable  for  laboring  for  tho  salvation  of  that  na- 
tion. Ho  took  up  his  resilience  at  tho  Hock,  at  the  very 
spot  where  Fort  St.  Louis  had  been.'  There  ere  long  ho 
gathered  quite  a  numerous  tlock,  and  soon  had  the  conso- 
lation of  seeing  among  thest!  Indians,  hitherto  so  justly  de- 
cried for  thoir  corrupt  life,  examples  of  virtue  as  striking 
as  had  been  admired  iu  the  most  flourishing  missions  in 
Canada,  and  tho  few  survivors  of  that  nation,  formerly  one 


I  The  Recollect  Fnthera,  Gnbriel 
Ao  la  Hibourdc,  Zenobius  Membre, 
I/ouis  llenriei)in,  were  among  the 
lllinuis  from  January  lUlSO  ;  the  last 
till  lie  set  out  for  the  ui)))er  MiRsiB- 
siinii,  tf  e  fiirnier  till  Srpteniber. 
when  'ronti  nnd  his  imrtj  retreated. 
On  tho  way  Father  (fabriul  was 
killed  by  the  KickiqxKw.  Sei)t.  19. 
Le  ('ler('(|,  F-tablisucnient  de  la  Foi, 
ii.,  p.  17;!-!).  The  place  of  his  death 
la  said  to  be  near  Orow  Creek,  Mar- 


ahall  Co.  Ford's  History  of  Putnam 
and  Marshall  Counties.  See  ante, 
vol.  iii.,  p.  213. 

''  Claude  AUouez  died  about  Au- 
gust KiOO  ;  ante,  iii.,  p.  180.  Ilis  last 
visit  to  the  Illinois  that  we  know 
was  in  1087.  Tonti,  Memoire  iu 
Margry,  Hehition,  &c.,  Louisiana 
Hist.  Coll.,  i.,  p.  70. 

■'  Near  the  present  village  of  Uti- 
ca.  Parknum,  Discovery  of  the  Great 
West,  i>]).  204-5,  231. 


lUSroilY  OK  NEW  Klt.VNCE. 


133 


of    tho   most  uuiuorouH   on   tho   couliiicut,    n<jw  profoss     1700. 
Cliristianity.'  ^— -y— ^ 

Till!   labors  auioug  tin;  Miiscoutius  mot  with  loss  sue-    Kruitioss 
coss.     Tho  Siour  Juchoroau,'  a  Cauailiau  gontlemau,  had  ,„[",',",'[l't",u 
beguu  a  post  at  tho  mouth  of  tho  Ohio  (Oiiabaehe)  ilivor,  •'^'■'^<'>  -t'"» 
which  omptios  into  tho  Micissipi,  coustitiitiug  tlio  shortest 
ami  most  couvouiout  commuuicatioj»  botwoon  Canada  ami 
Louisiana,  and  .a  great  many  of  those  Indians  had  settled 
there.     To  retain  thom  he  had  persuaded  Father  Mermot, 
ouo  of  the  Illinois  missiouaties,  to  endeavor  to  giiii'  Miom 
to  Christ;  but  that  missionary  found  an  iudocih  ..ex- 

cessively superstitious,  despotically  ruled  by  mediciue-men. 
He  thought  that  if  he  could  succeed  in  converting  or  in 
publicly  confounding  these  impostors,  ho  would  easily  suc- 
ceed with  tho  multitude,  and  he  undertook  one,  who  adored 
the  bison,  which  ho  had  taken  as  his  mauitou.  Ho  put 
him  sevtM'id  questions  that  embarrassed  him;  he  raised 
dillicultie>>  which  ho  could  not  meet ;  at  last  ho  forced  him 
to  say  that  the  bison  was  not  his  god,  but  tho  spirit  wlio 
prcjtects  the  whole  species  of  those  animals,  and  who 
dwells  under  the  earth.  This  avowal  was  already  some- 
thing gained;  but  when  the  n:'.ssionary  sought  to  use  it  to 
bring  his  adversary  to  a  knowhidge  of  an  eternal  omnipo- 
tent Spirit,  wlio  created  tho  world,  and  whom  all  men  who 
arc  tho  work  of  his  hands,  should  alone  adore,  ho  beheld  a 
man  who  lost  all  sense,  and  spoke  nothing  but  extrava- 
gance. 

An  epidemic  which  soon  after  broko  out  in  this  village 
and  carried  off  a  gr^at  many  luuians,  gave  Father  Mor- 

'  Father  JameBOravier  was  thure  l(iU6,  (fee.  \>\>.  :Jl-o4;  -13-04.  Mar- 
also  in  1G!?7.  FalUiT  Sebastian  Kale  qut'tte  and  Allouiv.  labored  among 
ibllowed  in  Kill-'  (lAttros  Kdiliuntes 
ft  Curieusos).  In  161)3  (iiavier 
icsumud  h'lf  labors  and  w.,s  assistod 
b)-  Juliiin  iViiuii'ti'an  and  Francis  Pi 
net.  b.itli  1)1'  wliohi  (lie  1  ;i  t'rw  Vf'ar.s 
after  .lud  \>y  tbibrii'l  Mari'st.  (ira- 
^  iiT,  U.datioii  d<:  bi  Mission  dcs  Illi- 
nois, |(iil;i ;  1,  tir.'s  I'Miliiint'^s  :  Iti-la 

tion  dfla  Mis^itiii  (In  .\lis-iis.si|ipi.  lit-     wssii>|)i.  so  ihul    h'  i 
■J(j ;     uliilion  d  -s  All'iins  ilu  i'ari:i.da     UiM'o  r.'f'-rrnd  lo. 


tli(>  Kaskaskias ;  Oravicr  bciian  his 
labors  anionii  the  l't.H)rias  uoar  tlio 
French  lort.an!  built  his  cba|>i'l  iu 
Kii);).     Kiluiion.  [I.  (). 

'  I  find  noMiin;;  to  enitble  lis  to 
fell  which  ol'  thi^  .Jnchcrcaus  this 
was.  Some  dl'  tlio  t'antily  preci'dcd 
.(ucheriaii  d''  .>'.  Dinys  on  the  Mis- 
f    lT(ib:ibly 


;1    « 


lU 


I1I8T0UY  OP  NEW  FIIANCK. 


1700.  luet  iiu  opportunity  to  practico  tliat  charity,  which  in  often 
uioro  elUciicious  in  convorting  nations  than  tho  most  pa- 
tliiitic  ixliortutions.  Ho  spared  himself  in  naiij^lit ;  bnt 
his  cliarity  was  repaid  by  most  with  iugratitudo :  attemjjta 
wero  even  made  on  his  lifo,  and  ho  behold  arrows  fall  at  his 
f»!et,  shot  from  too  great  a  distance  to  harm  him. 

Not  disheartened,  he  continued  to  visit  the  sick,  ho  dis- 
tributed among  them  all  tho  romodies  at  his  command,  and 
at  last  some  predestined  souls  wore  touched  by  his  perse- 
verance, courage  and  disintorostodnesa.  Ho  baptized  a 
small  number  of  these  Indians,  and  had  the  satisfaction  of 
seeing  them  oxiiire  in  tho  sentiments  with  which  ho  had 
ius2)ired  them.  All  the  others  became  more  and  more 
hardened,  and  when,  after  repeated  sacriiicos  to  their  man- 
itous,  they  saw  no  decline  in  tho  m(jrtality,  they  imagined 
that  the  Manitou  of  the  Christians  was  killing  them ;  for 
the^e  tribes  do  not  hesitate  to  admit  that  theii'  tutelary 
spirits  have  far  less  powei'  than  ours. 

Under  this  conviction  one  of  their  chiefs  went  around 
the  French  post  imploring  mercy  from  the  Manitou  of  tie 
Christians,  and  from  tlie  missionary,  whom  he  also  regard- 
ed as  a  manitou.  Father  Mermet  at  once  went  to  the 
actor  of  this  comic  scene,  and  assured  him  that  ho  would 
redouble  his  care  of  the  .sick.  But  these  hardened  men 
continuing  by  their  superstitious  ceremonies  and  by  tlieir 
indocility  to  provoke  the  wrath  of  heaven  against  them, 
the  epidemic  ran  its  course  and  carried  off  more  than  half 
the  village.  The  rest  dispersed,  and  Juchereau  saw  that 
founding  a  post  on  a  casual  and  transient  trade,  without 
introducing  agiiculture,  was  building  it  on  sand  :  but  want 
of  men  and  means  soon  forced  him  to  abandon  his  enter- 
prise.' 

While  the  court  of  France  was  taking  the  steps  men- 


'  .Mari'St,  I.ftiiT  ijf  \(iv.  i),  171J,  in  uliandoiifd  his  lort   on   niuo  Eurtli 

TjcttroB     Kiliti.intcs,    vol.    xi.     and  Hiver.      TImt    wan   Ih'^iui    Oct.    1 

fiirliiT  letters  in    Kcliitinn   doH   At-  ITOO,  and  iibiindDncd  iu  1 70.!;  com- 

fairi'rt  dii  ('iniuilii.  p.  ;U.     .hicbmeau  imre  lii  lliii'iie.  and  I'tiutiiut.     I'auii- 

went  to  lilt'   Oliio  after  Le  Sueur  da  Doc,  II.  ii.,  p.  •ub,  Nov.  3,  170;^ 


HISTORY  OF  NKW  FUAN(E. 


185 


tionod  in  tho  boginniii;,'  of  tliis  book,  to  nuiko  ii  strong  set- 
tlomcnt  ou  tlio  Gulf  of  Mexico,  ilo  CalliiTi  h  l;iboroJ  huc- 
cfssfully  to  ix'stori'  iU'Rci;  to  Iiis  provi»i!0.  Tho  i)oiut  was 
to  st3c;m'o  tlu;  alliaau!^  of  all  tlio  triljcs  with  whom  wo  couM 
havo  any  ciiuso  of  nioturo,  and  this  roiiuirod  iiha  to  i>ie- 
vout  au) thing  that  could  intcrft'its  with  the  estaljlislmiuut 
of  a  f,'i;U(  vul  go(»l  niidcrHlaiiding  so  (;H.st  ntial  to  their  pn;- 
Horvation  and  tho  tmnfjuillity  of  tho  French  colony. 

The  troaty  to  whicli  the  General  ol.)tainod  the  signatiu'es 
of  the  de[)iitics  of  tho  Inuiuois  cantons,  and  of  some  of 
our  allies,'  was  oidy  a  jmiliniinary,  which  might  indeed 
remove  tho  gveutist  obstacles  to  the  consuiumatiou  of  so 
great  a  work  ;  but  it  was  still  necessary  to  convene  the 
chiefs  of  all  the  nations  interested,  and  this  was  no  easy 
task.  The  wis(;  and  well  devised  steps  taken  by  do  Cal- 
lieros  to  ensure  success  to  the  finest  design  yet  formed  by 
any  Governor  of  New  France,  had  well-nigh  1  ,'eu  thwart- 
ed by  one  of  those  accidents,  more  easily  foreseen  than 
prevented,  when  tho  Indian  disposition  is  known. 

The  Iroquois  deputies  had  scarcely  returned  home,  before 
news  camo  in  that  some  Ottawas  had  fallen  on  a  party  of 
their  hunters,  killed  some,  and  taken  tho  most  important 
man  in  the  party  prisoner."  It  was  a  fact ;  but  tho  aggres- 
sors were  less  to  l)lame  than  was  supposed.  Tho  Iroquois 
had  gone  on  the  Ottawa  lands  to  hunt,  that  is  to  say,  in  a 
district  where  the  latter  were  accustomed  to  hunt,  and  had 
destroyed  a  numlxr  of  beaver  huts.  'I'lu;  Ottawas  had 
taken  this  for  an  act  of  hostility,  as  it  really  was,  and 
deemed  it  their  right  to  do  themselves  justice. 

The  Iroquois  however  complaiuod  loudly,  and  there  was 
little  doubt  but  that  they  would  take  up  arms  again.  It 
needed  no  more  to  re-kindlo  throughout  tho  whole  conti- 
nent tho  scarce  extinguislied  Haujes  of  war.  Slill,  as  tlioir 
delegates  had  pledged  their  word  to  tho  G(j\ijrnor-Geueral, 
that,  come  what  would,  they  would  not  retaliate,  without 


I  700. 


Do 

Clllll.TUs' 
I'.IL'IIHUlUt 

fur  Ik 


Now 
(■otlisions 
lidwoeii 

tho 
Iroi|uoU 
and  the 
Otuwa.-. 


Tho 

Iroiiuo'H 

conipliiinto 

ilu 
CuUierai. 


I   See  N.  Y    Col.  Udc,  ix.,  p.  715,     tiiken.     Do  la  Poih.Tie,  iv.,  p.   177. 
Pept.  8, 170(1.  Sec  iilso  pp.  i;i-J-;j  N.  Y.  Msa.  Eiig. 

'  TanestUioni,  a  yoticcu  chief  wa»     xliv.,  p.  17!>. 


13G 


IIlSTOltV   OV  NKW    KlIANCK, 


1701.     flrtst  notifying  lilin,  tlioy  mado  it  a  point  for  tho  first  timo  to 
^■"~T—    kii'p  tlit'ir  woril,  aiul  sunt  to  complniu  to  him  of  tiio  Ottu- 
Wii  iittiick. 
New         'I'lio  il»>l(>giitos  iippoiutcd  arrivoil  at  Moiitmil  on  tho  2u(l 

111  liic  of  Much,  17UI,  and  thoro  found  tlio  Clicviiliiir  do  Cal- 
liori-8.  Tliey  adtlrosMod  him  with  groat  modoration,  uuil 
aftor  htating  tiio  case,  in  as  lihick  colors  an  poMsiblo,  against 
the  Ottawas,  added  :  "This  blow  has  nndoulitodiy  Ihh'U 
stniok  by  sonio  giddy  liravo;  hut  till  his  luitiou  disavows 
it,  thoy  uro  doomed  to  authorize  it,  Still,  as  you  havo 
oruerod  U8  to  a])ply  to  you,  sliould  nnythiug  of  tho  kind 
occur,  wo  como  to  beg  you  to  bogiii  I>y  Imving  restored  to 
us  the  chief  who  has  boou  led  away  a  prisoiit  r  to  Miehili- 
mackinao." 

Thoy  then  ( ndoavorod  to  justify  thnir  huntj'rs,  and  tho 
Oovorn()r-(ii'n(  ral,  who  deemed  it  im!.\[iedieiit  to  *^nter  into 
the  discussion,  confined  himself  to  replying  that  tho  Otta- 
was, when  they  had  attacked  their  people,  wore  as  yot  uu- 
informed  of  the  treaty  concluded  tho  previous  autumn ; 
that  he  woidd  take  care  to  make  them  give  up  their  jnis- 
oner,  and  that  thoy  should  lose  nothing  by  coutidiug  all 
thoir  interests  to  lum.'  This  reply,  aeconipauiod  by  u:any 
tokens  of  friendship,  satisfied  thorn  ;  but  on  tho  5th  of  May 
Teganissorons  arrived,  followed  by  several  Iroquois  chiefs, 
and  aftor  renewing  tho  com[»laints  of  tho  cantons  about 
tho  hostility  committed  during  tho  winter,  and  on  what 
they  had  heard  of  a  projected  French  settlement  ui  De- 
troit,' he  asked  him  whether  it  was  true,  as  they  began  to 
report,  that  war  was  on  tho  point  of  being  ro-kindlod  in  Eu- 
rope botwot!U  tlie  French  and  English. 

In  rtgard  to  the  Ottawa  hostilities,  de  Calliores  repeated 
his  reply  to  tho  former  delegates :  in  reference  to  Detroit 
he  told  hira  that  ho  did  not  see  why  that  establishment 


'    See    bi'lis    of   Tsiouoinui    and  iiig  ground  from  tlie  crimtion. 

Tieuaoncntajtiieli-,  Onondimii  cliiffs,  ■     W'liut    is    called    Detroit    (i.e. 

Jlari'h   '2d,  and  de  Cailier,'.-'  reply.  Strait)  in  all  tin'  coMiniiinicatioii  bo- 

De    la    Potlierii',  iv ,    |);i.     I)T-1S'.J.  tween  Lake  Kri<?  ami  Lake  Huron. 

Thuy  claimed  tlie  |ieniiiKulii  at  Fort  I'hiirhrnl.v.    See  as  to  'regauixuoruuB 

Frontonac  to  Ijavi'  heou  their  huutr  De  la  I'otherie,  iv.,  pji.  183-4. 


IIISTOHV  OF  NKW  FltANC'E. 


187 


gboulil  tliH(jui((t  tlio  cantoiiH,  noitli(  r  tlioy  nor  tlio  Eiij^'lUh 
biiviii;^  (iny  ri;^'lil  to  ^'iiiii.siiy  it,  iis  Detroit  1)('1oii)^'ih1  to 
him;  tliit  Iiis  object  in  tliis  oiiterpriso  wiis  to  nmiutiiiu 
pciico  a?iioiij^  nil  tlio  niitiouH ;  that  ho  hiitl  nh'«((v<ly  cnjoiiitil 
on  tlie  olfic'or  wlio  wuh  to  lopreHoiit  him  there,  to  Hotthi 
all  the  (lilKcultiuH  that  iniglit  iiriso  iiiuonj,'  any  of  the  ivllioH, 
before  tliey  were  I'liiritul  to  any  unpleasant  extremity  ;  hut 
above  all  to  have,  and  even  secure  to  all,  freedom  in  buut- 
iag. 

TopanisHorcns  had  added  that  the  English  had  already 
forniod  the  same  design  of  settling  at  Detroit,  and  that  tho 
cantons  had  (ipjiosed  it;  de  Calliores  either  was  awaro  of 
this,  or  afraid  that  tho  English  might  take  up  the  idea,  and 
this  was  what  ho  wished  to  traverse.  Ho  told  Ttsganisso- 
rens  that  ho  was  obliged  to  the  cantons  for  thinking  as  he 
said  in  regard  to  the  English  :  that  ho  could  easily  prevent 
their  usurping  a  country  that  did  not  belong  to  them. 
"  As  for  me,"  he  continued, "  I  issumo  to  be  master  at 
home ;  but  wish  to  bo  so,  only  for  the  good  of  my  chil- 
dren :  it  is  for  their  sake  I  toil,  establishing  a  post  at  De- 
troit ;  it  is  only  ill-disposed  minds  that  can  take  umbrage  at 
this  design,  and  I  am  convinced  that  one  day  you  will 
thank  mo  for  executing  it." 

Teganissorens  did  not  reply  on  this  point ;  but  ho  said, 
that  as  ho  had  concealed  nothing  from  his  Father,  he  was 
very  glad  to  inform  him,  that  when  ho  reported  his  answer 
to  the  sachems,  tho  latter  would  not  fail  to  make  it  known 
to  tho  English  forthwith  ;  that  he  hoped,  nevertheless,  that 
if  the  two  nations  again  camo  to  variance  in  Europe  and 
America,  tho  cantons  would  not  take  part  in  this  quarrel. 
"I  care  very  Httle,"  replied  de  Callieres,  "whether  the 
English  are  informed  or  not  of  what  I  wish  to  do  at  De- 
troit ;  I  know  that  they  will  disapprove  it ;  that  they  will 
even  make  many  efforts  to  thwart  it ;  all  I  ask  of  you  is  to 
remain  more  spectators  of  what  may  arise  between  them 
and  me." ' 


I7(.il. 


'  For  Ti'ganiHtionms'  rejjort  of  his    (iov.  of  Ni'w  York,  soo  N.  Y. 
coDferunce,  an  prosonted  to  tlie  Lieut.     Doc.,  iv.,  j).  891. 


Col. 


if 


138 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


EiiKlisU 


1701.  This  Toganissorons  promiserl,  and  he  begged  de  Cal- 
~y^  lieres  to  send  some  Frenchmen  to  Onondaga  to  assist 
The  their  deptitios  in  restoring  tlio  prisoners  still  in  the  coun- 
try. De  Callieres  condescended  to  this  for  his  sake,  and 
travcrso  the  qh  ]^\^  rctiirn  ho  was  accompanied  by  the  same  ambassa- 
dors  who  had  opened  this  negotiation  the  preceding  year. 
They  set  out  on  the  Kith  of  June,'  and  were  somewhat  sur- 
prised to  find  Englishmen  among  those  who  came  out  to 
meet  them.  In  fact  one  Abraham  had  gone  in  behalf  of 
the  Governor  of  Orange,  (Albany,)  to  Onondaga  to  divert 
the  sachems  from  sending  their  deputies  to  Montreal,  and 
to  induce  them  11  come  to  him.'' 

No  answer  haJ  yet  been  given  him,  and  this  envoy,  see- 
ing the  young  braves  of  the  canton  preparing  to  go  to 
meet  the  French,  thought  it  best  to  send  some  of  his  peo- 
ple, under  pretext  of  courtesy  to  the  ambassadors,  as  well 
as  to  furnish  them  horses.  In  this  first  interview  nothing 
was  said  ;  nothing  passed  except  compliments ;  but  the  am- 
bassadors had  scarcely  entered  the  town,  where  they  were 
received  in  the  same  manner  as  the  year  previous,  when 
the  council  assembled  and  they  were  introduced  alone.' 

Father  Bruyas  began  by  declaring  that  Ononthio  would 
no  longer  suffer  postponements,  and  that  he  was  anxious  to 
know  wliat  to  depend  on  with  the  cantons ;  that  deputies 
of  all  the  nations  would  meet  at  Montreal  without  fail  at 
the  appointed  day,  to  conclude  the  important  business 
commenced  the  previous  autumn,  and  that  if  the  Iroquoia 
were  not  there,  they  would  no  longer  be  listened  to ;  that 


'  Do  la  Potherii',  iv.,  p.  180,  Hays 
that  FatliiT  Hruyiis,  Miiricoiir.  Jnn- 
caJre  nnrt  In  ("hnuvij^'iicnn,  net  out 
Juno  19,  1701,  witli  20  Frciiehmen, 
Mnssias  and  (iraiulL-  (iiiculi'V  son. 

*  Bollomont  haviiitj  diwl,  Lt.  Uov. 
Nnnfan,  .Time  2il,  Hunt  to  Onoinlajra 
t'apt.  Joluiiines  Bltockcr,  Jr.  ami  Vii- 
viu  .Sctuivlcr,  wilh  Lnwreiicr  Clai'si: 
as  infcrpri'tcr.  Si'i!  tludr  .Toiimal, 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  Iv.,  pp.  88!)-.S0."). 
CUurlevoix  hure  follows  du  la  I'oth- 


trie,  iv.,  p  187,  who  su)>t)<)8c's  four 
(k'puties.  one  Abialinm  being  the 
leader ;  in  the  Index,  Charlevoix 
has  Abraham  Schuyler  ;  see  unto,  p. 
80.  They  say  that  they  did  not 
accompany  the  Onondnirns  who 
wont  forward  to  Kanceda,  olfrht 
miles  from  Onondaga,  to  meet  tho 
French  deputies. 

■'  The  English  account  says  "  they 
came  in  .Tune  23  in  great  triumph 
with  tho  French  flagg." 


mSTOUV    OK  NEW  PUANCfi. 


139 


thoy  alioukl  espcciiilly  remoinber  tlnur  pvoiniso  lUiulo  to 
tlioir  Father  to  roHtoi'o  to  liiiii  all  the  prisoners ;  that  a 
great  event  which  had  recently  happened  in  Europe  might 
early  renew  the  war  between  the  French  and  English  ;  but 
that  it  was  not  the  interest  of  the  cantons  to  take  any  part 
in  the  contest.' 

After  this  address  they  adjourned ;  three  days  af tn",  the 
council  met  again  to  reply  to  it,  and  the  English  were 
invited.  Tegauissorens  first  handed  a  wampum  belt  to 
Abraham  to  exhort  him  not  to  traverse  the  arrangement  he 
M'as  about  to  conclude  with  the  French.  He  even  added 
some  reproaches  against  the  English,  to  whom  he  imput- 
ed all  the  past  misfortunes.  He  then  laid  another  belt  at 
the  feet  of  Father  Bruyas,  saying  that  he  gav)  lil)erty  to 
all  the  pris(/uers  still  in  his  cantons.  "  I  open  all  tho 
doors,"  ho  proceeded;  "I  stop  no  one;  I  wish  to  live  on 
good  terms  with  my  Father  Onontliio,  and  with  my 
broth«!r  Corlar ;  I  hold  each  by  the  hand,  determined 
never  to  part  with  either.  Fivo  delegates  are  about  to  set 
out  for  Montreal,  two  others  will  go  to  Albany  ;  I  myself 
will  remain  on  my  mat,  to  show  all  tlie  world  that  I  take 
no  side,  and  wish  to  preserve  a  strict  neutrality." 

Father  Bruyas  and  Mr.  do  M  iricourt,  who  had  sent 
Joncaire  to  Seneca  and  la  Chauviguerio  to  Oneida, 
thought  such  a  declaration  ground  for  all  hope,  and  their 
confidence  was  heightened  by  tho  arrival  of  the  Sieur  de 
Villedonne,  lieutenant  in  the  infantry,  with  tiie  news  that 
Father  Aujelran  was  at  Montreal,  having  pushed  on  ahead 
to  notify  the  Governor-General  that  delegates  from  all  tho 
nations  would  forth.with  reach  him ;  but  la  Chauvignerie 
returning  from  Oneida,  reported  that  he  found  that  canton 
quite  ill  disposed,  and  that  he  had  been  unable  to  recover 
a  single  prisoner. 

'  The  event   alluded  to  was  the  The  French  in  Cimnda  eniiiestly  cu- 

dciith    (if  (.'hiuli'S,    Kiiitr   <>•'   Spiiin,  deuvcirud    to   o'.iliiiu    neutrality    be- 

V,  111)  left  liiii  cniwii  to  PlilMii,  :r!Ui(l-  Hvcea    the    KiirniHuii    coloi.ics    iu 

sou   of  Louis   XIV.      'I'lif  Kiii|"ror  Anierieii,   niul   indiidseil    it   ut   this 

oi'  (ieriimiiy,  liowever,  laid  claim  tu  time,  N.  Y.  MSS.  Knt;.  xliv.,  p.  119, 

it,  and  nil  Europe  wiis  invi  Iviil  in  or  at  leiisL  an  iigiiienii  lit  not  to  us8 

the  War  of  tin-  Spaui.sli  t5iuce.Sijioii.  Indiaur*  iji  ouje  of  wur. 


17OI. 


Reply  of 

tllOliC 

Indians. 


Sever!\l  ill- 
dispoaed. 


140 


H18T0R1  OF  NEW  FKAN(.'E. 


'701.  At  the  same  time  Teganissorons  declareil  that  the 
^■■"'~*"~^  French  who  were  in  his  canton,  having  all  been  adopted 
and  most  of  them  having  married  there,  their  relatives 
would  not  hearken  to  the  idea  of  releasing  them ;  that  the 
prisoners  could  not  bring  themselves  to  such  a  separation  ; 
that  it  was  not  in  his  power  to  compel  either  to  do  what 
was  desired  of  them ;  and  that  ho  was  in  despair  to  find 
himself  under  the  stern  necessity  of  breaking  his  word  to 
his  Father.  It  would  have  been  useless  for  the  ambassa- 
dors to  reply.  They  had  to  put  up  with  this  excuse,  bad  as 
it  was.  It  was  much  indeed  for  an  Indian  to  stoop  to 
frame  excuses  for  what  he  was  unwilling  to  do,  and  any 
one  but  Tcganissorens,  who  was  sincerely  attoched  to  the 
French,  but  was  not  master,  ivould  perhaps  have  spoken 
with  less  consideration. 

De  IMaricourt  and  Father  Bruyas  deemed  it  best  to  dis- 
semble their  dissatisfaction,  so  as  to  avoid  an  open  rapture 
with  a  nation  which,  secure  of  English  support,  (their 
intrigues  prol)!ibly  raising  all  these  difficulties,)  was  still  in 
a  condition  to  do  much  mischief.  Thus  these  Indians 
found, in  what  seems  to  us  a  defect  in  their  government,  an 
advantage  that  the  most  refined  statesmanship  does  not 
always  attain.  That  is  to  say,  the  independence  enjoyed 
by  individuals,  not  only  does  not  prevent  their  contributing 
to  the  general  good,  but  even  makes  them  attain  it  by  ways 
all  the  surer  from  the  natural  irresponsibility  for  their  con- 
duct, and  finds  its  excuse  in  the  limited  authority  it  has  over 
the  free  will  of  those  who  compose  it. 
The  Joncaire  had  been  more  successful  among  the  Cayugas 

thecantoiis  aud   Sonccas ;   he  brought  deputies  and  some  prisoners ; 
atMoutrcai  ^^j^  ^.j^j^  example,  used  by  Maricourt  to  excite  the  emula- 
tion of  the  Onondagas,  induced  those  Indians  to  restore 
five  French  people  of  both  sexes.'     The  Oneidas  also  sent 

'  For  till' Freni'li  iiccoHiit  of  these  The  Iroquois  ware  by  English   ad- 

negotiiitioiirt  si'c  du  Ui  PotluM-li',  iv.,  misHi'in  in  fear  of  the  Frcncli,  and 

PI).  1^<T-1'.I3 :  'I'Ik'  Kuirlit<h  in  JN'.  Y.  Xnnfan    ip    his   C'onfi'n_nc'i'  at    Al- 

Col.  Doo.,  is-,   vv-   y^i'-f^i*''-      'I'lii^  Imny,  July  18,  1701,  by  words  and 

last  account   repretients  nix  wonu-n  presonts   of  artaf.,   urged  th<!m    to 

prisoners  to   have   Ihm'U   jriven    U|i.  renew  hostilities  at  once.    N.  Y.  Col. 


HI&TORY  OF  NEW  FnAXCR. 


141 


deputies    to    Ganiiontalm,    which    Fatlier    Bniyas    had     i"^'- 
aliu^ady  readied  ;  tlie  Mohawk  deputies  promised  to  conio  '■""v""' 
down  by  Lake  Champlaiu,  aud  the  ambassadors,  followed 
by  two  hundred  Iroqiiois,  set  out  for  Montreal,  where  they 
aiTived  on  the  21st  of  July.' 

The  next  day  seven  or  eight  hundred  Indians  from  the  Followed 
territories  on  the  north  and  west  also  landed.  Both  were  (Uimtics  of 
received  with  salvos  of  artillery,  and  the  Hat,  orator  and 
chief  of  the  delegation  from  the  Hurons  of  Michilimacki- 
nac,  in  whom  de  Callieres  confided  for  the  entire  manage- 
ment of  our  allies,  paid  that  Governor  a  very  fine  compli- 
ment in  the  name  of  ail.  On  the  25th  de  Callieres  began 
to  converse  in  private  with  all  the  de])uties,  and  had  no  lit- 
tle to  do  to  bring  them  all  to  his  wishes  ;  but  to  understand 
the  disi)osition  of  the  majcn-ity  it  is  necessary  to  state 
briefly  the  difficulties  encountered  by  the  Sieur  de  Courte- 
manche  nnd  Father  Aiijelran  in  their  negotiation. 

On  rei.cLi  ig  Micliilim<xckinac  they  found  most  of  the 
Indians  off  hunting ;  this  compelled  them  to  dispatch  run- 
ners to  inform  them  of  the  object  of  their  coming.  Courte- 
mauche,  leaving  his  colleague  at  that  post  to  negotiate  with 
the  Ottawas  and  Hurons,  then  proceeded  to  St.  Jo- 
seph's River,  which  he  reached  December  21st,  1700,  hav- 
ing gime  forty  leagues  in  snow-shoes. 

There  he  found,  besides  the  Miamis  long  residents  at  the 
place,  Fottowatamies,  Sokokja^ Foxes,  Hurons  and  Mohe- 
gans '  (Mahingans). 

He  learned  that  the  two  first  of  these  nations  had  sent 
war-parties  against  the  Iroquois,  aud  that  the  Miamis 
weie  preparing  to  do  the  same.  By  threat  of  the  Gov- 
(n'uor-Geueral's  indignation  ho  induced  the  last,  not  only  to 
hold  back  their  braves,  but  also  to  send  after  the  others 
and  induce  them  to  march  back.  He  found  it  more  diffi- 
cult to  bring  them  to  terms  in  regard  to  the  Iroquois  pris- 


The 

disposition 

of  our 

nllicH. 


Doc,  iv.,  p.   900.     Hi;  iit  tliu  siuno  '  Do  la  I'othcrie,  iv.,  p.  194.     He 

time  got  from  tUu  sacliRinaa  dcml  of  witiK'fscd  and  d  -scribiis  tlieir  recep- 

11 -arly  all  Upprr  Camula  and  otlicr  tion    at    Sault    St.    Louis    by    the 

|iiU'i,«  of  tlie  woet.     Sci;  .lOud,  lb.  pp.  Christian  lro(}uiiis. 

UU8-911.  Mu-om  New  Eii'^lau  I. 


(    I 


142 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1 701-     onors,  whom  tiioy  liad  adopted,  and  could  not  bring  them- 
"'■^"f^-^  solvos    to    give    np.     He    succeeded,  however,    and    all 
promised  to  come  to  Montreal  at  the  appointed  time. 

This  done,  he  started  for  the  Illinois,  whom  ho  reached 
on  the  28th  ;  all  except  the  Kaskaskias  were  on  the  point 
of  taking  the  war-path  against  the  Iroquois,  and  he  divert- 
ed them  by  the  same  means  that  he  had  employed  to  retain 
the  Miamis.  The  Kaskaskias  also  thought  of  marching 
with  tlio  Ottawas  against  the  Causes,  a  Louisiana  tribe, 
and  he  stopped  them.  Returning  then  to  Chicago,  whero 
he  found  some  Weas  (Ouyatanous)  a  Miami  tribe,  who 
had  sung  the  war-song  against  the  Sioux  and  against  the 
Iroquois,  he  obliged  them  to  lay  do^vn  their  arms 
and  extorted  a  promise  to  send  deputies  to  Montreal. 

On  the  5cli  of  May  l<e  reached  the  Mascoutius,  who 
wore  making  great  preparations  for  war,  and  he  had  great 
difficulty  ui  winning  them  over,  though  he  at  last  succeed- 
ed. Ho  continued  his  route  towards  (Green)  Bay,  where 
he  arrived  on  the  1-Ath ;  there  ho  found  Sacs,  Otchagras, 
commonly  called  Puants,  Malhominos,  more  generally 
called  Folios  Avoines,  Foxes,  Pottowatamies  and  Kica- 
poos.  He  addressed  each  nation  in  private,  then  assem- 
bled all,  and  after  much  discussion,  he  stopped  three  hun- 
dred braves,  about  to  take  the  field  to  rush  u^jon  the 
Sioux,  who  hud  recently  nuulo  an  incursion  into  tho  Foxes, 
and  from  each  of  these  tribes  ho  obtamed  deputies  for  tho 
general  peace. 
"mrtMcho's'  ^"  t^i«  2nd  of  July  he  returned  to  Michilimackinac, 
journey,  after  a  joiirney  of  more  than  four  hundred  leagues.  There 
he  found  all  things  well  arranged  by  the  care  of  Father 
Anjelran,  who  had  rescued  from  the  hands  of  the  Ottawas, 
two  Iroquois,  quite  recently  taken  on  some  expedition  not 
mentioned.  They  agreed  between  them  that  tho  mission- 
ary should  set  out  for  Montreal  with  the  two  prisoners, 
and  that  de  Courtemancho  should  wait  at  Michilimack- 
inac for  tho  deputies  whom  ho  had  not  brought  along. 

That  offic(!r's  presence  was  also  necessary  at  that  post, 
to  dissip.ilo  the  dit'licuUies  raided  by  restless  Indians  in 
regard  to  the  restitution  of  tho  other  Ii'oquois  pi'isoners, 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


143 


nary 
coiilorvDCO. 


Bome  wishing  to  use  thorn  to  tioat  in  private  with  the  can-     1701. 
tons,  and  the  others  to  ciiuho  a  rupture.     At  last  Courto-   """^v-" 
raanche  overcame  all  obstacles,  and  embarked  on  a  fleet  of 
one  lumdrod  and  forty-four  canoes,  thirty  of  wliich  had  to 
put  back  on  accoimt  of  sickness.' 

The  Governor-General,  as  remrukod,  before  giving  any  preiimi 
public  audience,  saw  all  tl'e  deputies  in  private  ;  yet  he  had 
iirst  held  a  preliminai-y  confereneo,  in  which  John  le 
Blanc,'  chief  of  the  Ottawas  du  Sable,  made  his  presents 
to  Ouonthio,  spoke  with  much  ability,  and  was  loudly  a])- 
jilauded  by  all  jn-esent.  Other  Algonquin  chiefs  also 
spoke,  and  their  words  all  concluded  with  a  rcnpiest 
for  a  reduction  of  the  prices  of  goods,  and  for  a  mar- 
ket for  their  smaller  peltries,  as  the  beaver  began  to  grow 
scarce. 

The  Kat  then  presented  his  Iroquois  prisoners,  asked 
why  the  cantons  had  not  restored  theirs,  and  said  that 
their  disobedience  to  the  orders  of  their  Father  showed 
clearly  that  they  were  not  acting  in  good  faith.  Onan- 
guice  and  Ouilamek,  Pottawatamie  chiefs,  spoke  after  the 
Huron,  and  said,  in  the  name  of  all  the  western  tribes,<that 
on  learning  their  Father's  wishes,  nothing  could  prevent 
their  coming  to  him,  not  even  the  current  rumor  that 
diseases  prevailed  at  Montreal.  The  Miami  chief  ^  spoke 
in  the  same  tone,  adding,  <^he  better  to  show  his  devotion 
to  his  Father  Onouthio,  that  no  had  '■•'nsomed  several  Iro- 
quois prisoners,  to  restore  to  him.  He  also  presented  a 
calumet  for  all  the  nations  to  smoke,  ho  said,  and  declared 
that    if   ho    made   peace   with   the   Iroquois,  it   was   not 


'  As  to  these  French  envoys,  soo 
do  la  Potherie,  iv.,  p.  175,  &c. 

'  He  was  so  called,  because  his 
motlur  was  00  white  as  a  French- 
woman. Some  Relations  call  him 
'I'alou.  ('/i,i}-lei\'i.f,  De  la  Pothe- 
rie gives  Oiitoutaga,  as  his  real 
nniue.  He  was  son  of  a  cluef  whom 
de  Courcelle  named  Talon.  Shel- 
don's Michigan,  p.  235. 

1  Eli'iouessen,  chief  of  the  Nan- 


soakouatons  ;  Uassaky,  chief  of  the 
Ottawa  Kiskakons  ;  tlhingouossi, 
chief  of  the  Ottawa  Sinagos. 

*  Wiuneljagoes,  Foxes,  Maskou- 
tius,  MenomoneoiJ,  Amikois  and  Pot- 
tawotamios. 

'  C'hichikatalo,  a  nobU'-looking  and 
good  man'.  De  la  Potherie,  iv.,  p. 
207.  Ho  died  soon  after  the  treaty 
was  signed,  lb.  p.  202. 


144 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FR^VNCE. 


lis 


Do 

CnUlcrea 

Ijivos 

audk'iico  to 

scvenil 


>7oi-     because    lie   feared    liiin,  but    out   of  obediouce  to  hi 
Father. 

The  next  day  Onanguico  solicited  a  private   audience 
witli  the  Chevalier  do  Callieres,  iind  having  obtained  it, 
introduced  the  deputies  of  the  Sacs.     These  Indians  had 
dtputks.    yjf^jjQ   ^yj^j,   Qjj   ^]jg  gio^^x   iu   gpjtjj   ^^l  i^ig   orders,  and   a 

Frenchman  had  been  killed  by  one  of  their  party.  They 
had  sent  to  ask  pardon  from  the  Governor-General,  who 
granted  it  with  no  condition  but  that  they  should  not  fall 
again  into  the  same  fault.  Their  deputies  wished  to  thank 
him  for  this  favor  and  make  him  presents  to  cover  the  dead, 
and  they  had  requested  Onanguice,  who  was  much  liked  by 
the  French,  to  introduce  them. 

Many  other  chiefs  also  solicited  secret  audiences,  au»l 
the  Governor-General  refused  none.  Some  of  them 
rather  embarrassed  him,  but  when  he  saw  himself  pressed 
he  extricated  himself  by  promises,  and  by  his  mild  and 
engaging  words.  It  was  one  of  his  gi'eat  qualities,  and  he 
dismissed  none  without  regaling  them  well.  John  lo 
Blanc  was  the  one  who  gave  him  most  trouble.  This  In- 
dian possessed  much  talent,  and  though  strongly  attached 
to  the  French  nation,  he  saw  more  clearly  than  desirable, 
in  a  matter  of  this  consequence,  where  many  things 
had  to  be  passed  over  and  much  left  to  time  and  circum- 
stances. 

The  Foxes '  solicited  a  Jesuit :  they  said  that  they  had 
no  more  sense,  since  Peri'ot  had  left  them,  and  that  the 
missionary  would  give  them  some.  Thev  complained  then 
of  the  Sault  Indians,  and  as  these  recriminated,  the  dis- 
pute would  have  gone  on,  had  not  an  expedient  been  found 
to  induce  the  jjarties  to  suspend  their  animosity  till  the 
conclusion  of  the  treaty  of  peace,  after  which,  it  was  prom- 
ised, justice  should  be  done  to  all. 

The  turn  of  the  Iroquois  having  come,  their  orator " 
dwelt  much  on  the  impossibility  of  restoring  their  prison- 
ers ;  they  said  that  the  young  men  had  control  of  them ; 


'By   their  chief  Noro  or   I'orcu-    gui' t  ho  Chi  ppe  way  or  Sault  chief, 
pine  ;  he  was  answered  by  Ouabau-        '  Teganeout. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FKANCE. 


145 


most  of  them  were  taken  in  their  cli"  ^^.lood,  did  not  know 
their  own  pai-ents,  urid  were  attached  to  those  who  had 
adopted  them.  He  added  that  de  Maricotirt  and  Jon- 
caire  had  not  insisted  strongly  on  this  point,  and  from 
this  they  had  inferred  that  Onouthio  did  not  take  it  to 
heart. 

Joncaire,  who  was  present,  and  to  whom  de  Callieres 
intimated  that  he  would  not  like  to  have  him  excuse  him- 
self, rose  and  said  that  he  avowed  his  fault ;  but  that  ho 
begged  the  Senecas,  his  brethren,  to  help  him  to  repair  vfc ; 
that  they  saw  with  what  docility  the  other  chiklrtu  of 
Ononthio  had  conformed  to  the  slightest  sign  of  hi.^  will, 
although  they  might  have  adduced  the  same  reasons  that 
the  Iroquois  did  for  disobeying.  There  was  dissatisfaction 
with  the  Iroquois  on  this  occasion,  and  even  some  sharp 
altercation,  and  they  parted  on  no  very  good  terms,  though 
they  relented  and  again  approached. 

At  last,  on  the  Ist  of  August,  the  first  public  session  was 
held,  and  while  a  Huron  chief  was  speaking,  the  Eat  fell 
sick.  He  was  attended  with  all  solicitude,  iuasn^uch  as  on 
him  the  Governor-General  built  his  main  hope  of  success- 
fully terminating  his  great  work.  He  was  almost  exclu- 
sively indebted  to  him  for  this  wonderful  concert,  and  this 
assemblage,  till  then  unexampled,  of  so  many  nations  for 
a  general  peace.  When  he  came  to,  and  recovered  his 
strength,  he  was  placed  in  an  armchair  in  the  midst  of  the 
assembly,  and  all  drew  around  to  hear  him. 

He  spoke  at  length,  and  being  naturally  eloquent,  no  one 
perhaps  ever  exceeding  him  in  mental  capacity,  he  was 
heard  with  boundless  attention.  He  described  with  mod- 
esty, and  yet  with  dignity,  all  the  steps  he  had  taken  to 
secure  a  permanent  peace  among  all  the  nations  ;  he  made 
them  see  the  necessity  of  such  a  peace,  and  the  advan- 
tages it  would  entail  on  the  whole  country  in  general  and 
each  tribe  in  particular,  and  with  wonderful  address 
showed  distinctly  the  different  interests  of  each.      Then 


1701. 


First 

piMic 

coulireuoe. 


Kondia- 

roiik's 

address. 


'  This  cli'ijf  was  known  &»  Quaranto  Sols,  or  "  Forty  Pence." 


U6 


HISTOIIY  OF  NEW  FKANCF 


•  70I-  turning  towards  the  Clioviilicr  do  Calliorcs,  ho  conjured  him 
-"'y"'^  BO  to  act  that  no  one  thereafter  could  reproach  him  with 
abusing  the  confidence  placed  in  him. 

His  voice  failing,  ho  ceased  speaking,  and  received  from 
all  present  applause,  to  which  he  was  too  well  accustomed 
to  be  affected  by  it,  especially  in  his  actual  condition  ;  in 
fact  he  never  opened  his  lips  in  council  without  receiving 
such  applause  even  from  those  who  disliked  him.  He  was 
not  less  brilliant  in  conversation  in  private,  and  they  often 
took  pleasure  in  provoking  hira  to  hear  his  repartees, 
always  animated,  full  of  wit,  aud  generally  unanswerable. 
In  this  he  was  the  only  man  in  Canada,  who  was  a  match 
for  the  Count  de  Frontenac,  who  often  invited  liim  to  his 
table  to  give  his  officers  this  pleasure. 

The  Governor-General  replied  tliat  he  would  never  sep- 
•nd  eulogy,  arato  tlio  interests  of  the  Huron  nation  from  those  of  the 
French,  aud  ho  pledged  him  his  word  to  satisfy  the  allies 
of  both,  especially  on  the  question  of  prisoners.  Ho  felt 
worse  at  the  close  of  the  session,  and  was  carried  to  tlio 
Hotel  Dieu,  where  he  died  two  hours  after  midnight,'  in 
most  Christian  sentiments,  and  aided  by  the  sacraments 
of  the  Church.  His  nation  felt  the  extent  of  the  loss  it  suf- 
fered, and  it  was  the  general  opinion  that  no  Indian  had  ever 
possessed  greater  merit,  a  finer  mind,  more  valor,  prudence 
or  discernment  in  understanding  those  with  whom  ho  had 
to  deal.  His  measures  were  always  found  wise,  and  ho 
was  never  without  resource ;  hence  ho  always  succeeded. 
At  first  he  used  to  say  that  he  knew  only  two  men  of  talent 
among  the  French,  the  Count  de  Frontenac  and  Father 
de  Carheil.  In  the  sequel  he  knew  others  to  whom  ho 
rendered  the  same  justice.  He  had  an  especial  esteem  for 
the  wisdom  of  the  Chevalier  de  Callieros,  and  his  ability  in 
the  management  of  aflairc. 

His  esteem  for  Father  de  Carheil  it  was  nndoubtedly 
which  determined  him  to  embrace  Christianity,  or  at  least 
to  live  in  conformity  to  the  maxims  of  the  gospel.     This 


'  Tilt'  Vic  (If  Mile  MiuKji'  is  silent  astole  Kat's death. 


IlISTORV  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


147 


esteem  became  ii  ronl  attaclimout,  and  that  religious  could  ly'^i- 
obtain  anythiug  from  him.  His  zoal  for  the  public  gootl  """^v"^ 
was  sincere,  and  this  motive  alone  led  him  to  break  the 
peace  made  by  the  Marquis  do  Denonville  with  the  Iroquois 
against  his  views.  He  was  very  jealous  of  the  glory  and 
interests  of  his  nation,  and  was  strongly  convinced  that  it 
would  hold  its  ground  as  long  as  it  remained  attached  to 
the  Christian  religion.  He  even  preached  quite  frequently 
at  Michilimackinac,  and  never  without  fruit.' 

His  death  caused  a  general  atHiction,  and  there  was  no  iiu 
one  French  or  Indian  who  did  not  show  that  ho  felt  it.  °'''^''"''=*- 
The  body  lay  in  state  for  some  time  in  an  oilicer's  uniform, 
Avith  side  arms,  as  he  held  the  rank  and  pay  of  a  captain  in 
the  French  army.  The  Governor-General  and  Intendant 
went  first  to  sprinkle  the  corpse  with  holy  water.  The 
Sieur  de  Joucaire  then  followed  at  the  head  of  sixty  war- 
riors of  Sanlt  St.  Louis,  who  wept  for  the  dead,  and 
covered  him.  tliat  is,  made  presents  to  the  Hurous,  whose 
chief  rejjlied  in  a  well-turned  compliment. 

His  funeral,  which  took  place  the  next  day,  was  magnifi- 
cent and  singular.  Mr.  de  St.  Oars,  first  captain,  marched 
in  front  at  the  head  of  sixty  men  under  arms ;  sixteen  Hu- 
ron braves,  attired  in  long  beaver  robes,  their  faces  black- 
ened, followed  with  guns  reversed,  marching  in  fours.  Then 
came  the  clergy,  with  six  war-chiefs  carrying  the  bier,  cov- 
ered with  a  pall  strewed  with  flowers,  on  which  lay  a  cha- 
pcau  and  feather,  a  gorget  and  a  sword.  The  brothers  and 
children  of  the  deceased  were  behind  it,  accompanied 
by  all  the  chiefs  of  the  nations  :  do  Vaudrouil,  Gov- 
ernor of  the  city,  supporting  Madame  de  Champigny, 
closed  the  procession. 

At  the  end  of  the  service  there  were  two  volleys  of  mus- 
ketry, and  a  third  when  tiie  body  was  committed  to  the 
earth.  He  was  interred  in  the  great  Church,  and  on  his 
tomb  this  inscription  was  placed :    Cy  git  le  Rat,  Chef 


'  In  his "  Diiilogups  ou  Rntretiens  speak    of    what    lit;    lind    scrii    in 

entre  un  Sauvage  et  le  Bari)u  Ae  la  France ;  but   tliese  nialogues  have 

Himtnn,"  |).   -It,   the   hitter    mi'.kes  uhvins  been  regarded  iis  imaginary. 

Koudiarouk,  whom  he  culh  Adiirio,  See  ante,  i.,  \i.  87. 


118 


HISTORY  OP  NB.  ,V   FRANl'K. 


\yc 


Tho 
Ii'(ii|ii()ig 
roiii|il;iin 
tli:»i  tlicy 

nro 
dlHtnisted. 


Sloknosg 
iimiiiir  llio 
Iiiili;iii»,  t') 
Whllt  it  W(18 

ascribed. 


ITiiioN— Horo  lios  tlio  Rut,  a  Huron  Chief.  An  lionr  after 
ilio  ob.Hoqnit'.s  tlio  Sii'ur  do  .Tonoairo  took  the  Iro(|iioiH  of 
tlio  ^rountuin  to  conipliiiifut  tlio  Tlurons,  to  whom  tlioy 
pivHontod  a  Sun  mid  a  wamimm  holt;  tlioy  oxhortod  thora 
to  jiroservo  tho  spirit  and  always  follow  the  views  of  the 
(listiiij^nisliod  man  whom  tlio  nation  had  just  lost,  to 
r(Mii!iin  alwiivM  nnitod  with  thcni,  and  noTor  sworvo  from  tho 
obt'dicnco  tlioy  owed  to  their  common  Father,  Onontliio. 
This  the  Hurons  promised,  and  tlioro  has  never  been  any 
cause  of  comjilaint  against  thorn  since  that  time.  But 
what  constituted  the  hif-diost  culoginm  of  this  chief  was  to 
see  \v']mt  hitherto  no  ono  had  dared  to  hope,  all  tho  nations 
of  New  France  assembled  iu  one  city,  and  to  know  that 
'<    i  concert  was  in  good  part  his  work. 

On  tho  following  days  there  were  several  private  conn- 
cils,  iu  Avhich  tho  Iroquois  complained  of  the  distrust 
shown  of  their  sincerity,  and  they  added  that  if  their  pris- 
oners were  restored,  there  should  be  no  reason  to  repent 
confiding  in  their  word.  The  Chevalier  do  Callif^'-es 
showed  them  tho  injustice  of  thoir  complaints,  an  ie- 
tailed  all  tho  grounds  for  being  uneasy  in  regard  to  them. 
Still,  as  ho  wished  to  put  them  entirely  in  tho  wrong,  ho 
promised  to  lay  tlitdr  request  before  the  iutorosted  nations, 
and  to  support  it.  ICo  did  so  in  fact,  and  as  ho  had 
already  discussed  this  question  with  the  Rat,  who  advised 
satisfying  them,  and  as  many  others  left  it  to  his  prudence, 
ho  resolved  to  run  tho  risk,  and  the  event  justified  him.' 

Disease  hau  fr(  ni  the  first  prevailed  among  the  Indians, 
and  many  of  the  most  important  men  had  already  died. 

The  Hurons  had  suffered  most  severely,  and  imagined  it 
■was  the  effect  of  witchcraft  thrown  on  them  to  destroy 
them  all.  Some  oven  went  to  Father  Anjelran  to  bog  him 
to  induce  the  priests  of  the  Seminary,"  to  remove  tho  pro- 
tended spell.  On  this  occasion  God  showed  in  a  striking 
manner  that  he  is  Lord  of  men's  hearts.  In  spite  of  the 
rumor  spread  by  evil-minded  men,  that  the  French  had 


'  See  N.  Y.  MSS.  Eiig.,  vol.  xliv.,        '^  The  Sulpitians.   D(f  la  Potlierie, 
31.  170.  iv.,1)  'j;!'J. 


lllSroilV  OF  NKW  l'|{AN(E. 


149 


gathorod  so  niiiny  nations  anioii;^  tlioiii  only  for  thoir  ruin, 
tiuM'i)  WHS  not  ;i  |»!i<^an  wlio  ilid  not  dowirt)  l)ii|)tisni  hcforc  lio 
(lii'd,  nor  11  Clnistiivu  who  did  not  dio  in  sentimuiits  worthy 
of  CliriHtiimity. 

Tliis  idHiiiHon  howovor  obli^od  tins  Oovunior-Gononil  to 
hiistfU  th(,  coMiihision  of  the  troaty.  All  had  IxMni  ai^'nu'd 
iiI)on  in  tlio  private  audimioos,  and  it  only  remained  to  sij^u 
tho  articlos  and  proclaiin  Poacn.  Ho  ajipointcd  tlio  iLh  of 
Auf^ust  for  thu  last  general  assomldy,  and  wi.shod  nothing 
omitted  to  givo  tho  transaction  all  jiossiblo  cehtbrity.  A 
great  plain  without  the  city  was  soloctod  :  a  double  fence 
one  hundred  and  twenty-eight  feet  long  by  seventy-two 
wide  was  erected,  tho  space  between  being  six  feet.  At  one 
end  there  was  a  covered  hull,  twenty-nine  foot  long  and 
almost  square,  for  tho  ladies  and  all  tho  fashion  of  iliO 
town.  The  soldiers  were  drawn  up  arouhd,  and  witlim 
tho  enclosure  tliirteon  hundred  Indians  were  arranged  in 
fino  order. 

Do  Cham])igny,  tho  Chevalier  do  Vaudrouil  aiwl  tho 
principal  othcers  surrounded  the  Governor-General,  who 
occupied  a  position  so  as  to  be  seen  and  heard  by  all.  Ho 
spoke  first,  and  stated  briefly,  that  ho  had  tho  preceding 
year  established  peace  among  all  the  nations;  but  that  as 
of  all  those  of  the  north  and  west,  only  some  Hurons  and 
Ottawas  appeared  at  Montreal,  ho  had  notified  tho 
others  that  he  wished  them  to  send  him  deputies,  so  that 
when  all  were  assembled  ho  might  solemnly  take  the 
hatchet  from  thoir  hands,  and  declare  to  all  who  recog- 
nized him  as  their  Father,  that  henceforward  he  wished  to 
be  sole  arbiter  of  thoir  disputes ;  that  they  should  then 
forget  all  the  past,  and  place  all  their  interests  in  his 
hands  :  that  he  would  always  render  them  exact  jus- 
tice ;  that  they  must  be  wearied  enough  of  war  which  had 
been  of  no  advantage  to  them,  and  when  once  they  had 
tasteci  the  delights  of  peace,  they  would  thank  him 
infinitely  for  all  lie  had  done  to  seciue  it  for  them. 

When  ho  had  ceased  speaking,  ouo  of  the  Fathers  Bigot 


1 70 1 . 


lU'sciiil)!)'. 


Do 

C'lillicrcs' 
nd(lrc8s. 


ISO 


rilSTOIlY   OK   NKW    KIIANCE. 


fi^ 


1701.  repofttoJ  to  tlio  Alx'iiiKHiis '  in  tlioir  linij,'iuijj[<(  whut  ho  hud 
■-"  ^ ""  '  jUHt  8n,i<l ;  NicholiiH  I'orrot  did  tiio  miiiiio  to  tho  MitiiuiH, 
Illiiioirt  uud  otluT  WoHtdvu  ludiiuiH ;  Fiithor  Oimiicr  to 
tlio  Hurous,  Father  Uruyjw  to  tho  IrociuoiH  mul  Fiilhor 
Aiijt'lnm  to  tho  OttnwiiH  and  Algonquius.  All  iipplaudod 
with  groat  acoIamaiionH,  making  tho  uir  echo  far  and 
wido ;  bolts  woro  tlion  diHtributod  to  all  tho  chiofs,  wlio 
ro8o  in  huocohsiou,  and,  with  a  gravo  utop,  attirod  in  thoir 
long  fur  robos,  wont  up  and  presoutod  thoir  slavoa 
to  tho  Govornor-Gonoral,  with  bolts  of  which  thoy  ox- 
plainod  tho  tonor. 

All  spoko  with  much  iutoUigonce,  and  somo  cvon  with 
greater  politouosfl  than  was  oxpoctod  from  Indian  orators ; 
but  they  took  great  care  to  explain  above  all  that  thoy 
wore  sacrificing  thoir  private  interests  to  a  desire  for 
peace,  and  that  this  desiro  was  induced  only  by  thoir  ox- 
tremo  anxiety  to  gratify  thoir  Father ;  that  thoy  should 
thorcforo  bo  regarded  with  tho  grerter  consideration,  as 
they  stood  in  no  droad  of  tho  Irocjuois,  and  relied  less  on 
any  siucisro  return  from  them.  Ihoro  was  not  one  to  whom 
the  Govt'rnor-General  did  not  make  some  graceful  remarks, 
and  as  they  presented  tho  captives  to  him,  ho  placed  them 
in  tho  hands  of  tho  Iroquois. 
striinai!  ]3,jt  this  ceremony,  serious  as  it  was  to  tlio  Indians,  was 
euiiic  oi  tho  a  kind  of  comedy  to  tho  French,  who  wore  greatly  enter- 
iiiui  tiitir  tained.  Most  of  the  deputies, oHpecially  those  of  tho  more 
remote  tribes,  wore  dressed  and  adorned  in  a  manner  quite 
grotesque,  contrasting  curiously  with  tho  grave  and  serious 
demeanor  they  affected. 

The  Algonquin  cliief '  w;is  dressed  as  a  Canadian  voy- 
ageur,  and  had  his  hair  put  up  as  a  cook's  head,  with  a  red 
feather  forming  tlie  crest  and  haugiag  down  behind.  Ho 
was  a  tall  young  man,  pcafect  in  I'ori'i,  the  same  who,  at  tho 
head  of  thirty  warriors  of  his  tribe,  of  his  own  age  or 
younger,  had  v^'feated  tlie  Iroquois  party  near  Catarocouy, 
when  Black  Kettle,  the  great  Onondaga,  war-chief,   was 


'  And  to  tht)  Algonquins,  says  de 
]r.  Potliuiie,  !>.  241. 


'  Oiinanguico.    lb.,  p.  349.    Ante, 
!>.  00,  144. 


UWTOUY  OF  NKAV  FHANCK. 


ir,i 


killed,  a  vigoroiiH  lu'tion,  which,  iiioro  thim  imy  otlior,  drovo 
tlio  cimtoiiH  to  HtM'k  ptmci^  witli  thn  FroiKili  iiiiil  tlicir  allioH. 
This  bnivo  ii(Iviiii(H'<1  towiirdH  do  CiilliorcH  with  a  noblo  and 
uucmlmrrasHod  air,  and  said  :  "  Fathor,  I  am  uot  a  luan  of 
oouucii ;  but  I  always  hear  your  voice;  you  have  made 
poac(>,  and  I  forf^ot  tiio  jjast." 

Onaiiyuict','  tho  rottowataiuio  chief,  wore  the  skiu  of  tho 
head  of  a  young  bull,  tho  horns  hanging  over  his  cars. 
Ho  was  regarded  as  a  nnin  of  much  houho  and  niildnoss,  and 
strongly  attached  to  tlie  French.  Indeed  ho  spoko  very 
well  and  courteously. 

Tho  Fox'  had  his  face  painted  red,  and  wore  on  his  head 
an  old  rusty  wig,  profusely  powdered  and  ill  combed,  which 
gave  him  an  air  at  onco  frightful  and  ridiculous.  As  iio 
had  neither  hat  nor  cap,  and  wished  to  salute  tho  Gov- 
eruor-Ooneral  in  French  style,  ho  took  oil"  his  wig.  A 
great  outburst  of  laughter  followed,  which  did  not  discon- 
cert him,  for  he  doubtless  took  it  as  applause.  Ho  said 
that  ho  had  lirought  no  prisoners,  because  those  whom  he 
had  taken,  had  all  escaped.  "  Moreover,"  ho  added,  "  I  have 
never  had  any  great  quarrel  with  tho  Iroquois,  though  I  an? 
much  involved  with  tho  Sioux." 

The  chief  of  tho  Sault  Indians '  had  a  plume  like  a  kind 
of  band  around  his  head  in  tho  shape  of  a  halo ;  ho  said 
that  ho  had  already  sot  his  prisoners  at  liberty,  and  he 
bogged  his  Fathor  to  grant  bim  his  friendship.  Tho  domi- 
ciliated Iroquois  and  the  Abiinaquis  *  spoke  last,  evincing 
groat  zeal  for  tho  increase  of  tho  French  colony.  They 
more  easily  carried  persuasion,  as  during  tho  whole 
war  they  had  proved  by  their  actions,  what  they  then 
attested  in  words. 

The  other  deputies  having  ended  their  compliments,  all 
eyes  turned  to  the  orator  of  the  Cantons,  who  had  not  yet 


1 70 1 . 


I  Ho  spoke   for  tlie   Missisagucs  '  Ouubanpufe. 

and  hI»o  for  thi^  PottowatainicH,    De  *  Tho  Eagle  8|)oke  for  the  Caugh' 

la  I'otliorii'.     IIu  was  apiiareutly  a  nnwugas,  Tsahouanhoa  for  tho   In- 

Sac.  diuiiD  of  the  Mouutain,  Haouatchou- 

•'  Miskouasouath.    Do  hi  Potherio,  at'   for  tho  AbenacjuiB  of  St.  Fnut- 

p.  24«.  cis. 


152 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FUANCE. 


1701. 


Audic'ico 

given  to 

tEc  u|  per 

tribes. 


spoken.  He  said  only  two  words,  to  the  purport  that 
those  whose  word  ho  bore,  would  soon  convince  all  the  na- 
tions of  their  injustice  in  distrusting  them ;  that  they  would 
convince  the  most  incredulous  of  their  fidelity,  sincerity 
and  respect  for  their  common  Father. 

The  treaty  of  peace  was  then  brought,  which  was  signed 
by  thirty-sight  deputies,  then  the  great  calumet  of  peace.' 
The  Chevalier  de  Callieres  smoked  it  first,  de  Champigny 
after  him,  then  de  Vaudreuil,  and  all  the  chiefs  and  depu- 
ties, each  in  turn.  The  Tv  Dmni  was  then  chanted. 
Last  of  all  appeared  great  kettles,  in  which  three  oxen  had 
had  been  boiled ;  each  one  wr.s  served  in  his  place  without 
noise  or  confusion,  and  all  passed  gaily.  It  ended  with  the 
firing  of  squibs  and  cannon,  and  in  the  evening  with  an  illu- 
mination and  feux  do  joio. 

On  the  6th  de  Callieres  assemMed  the  deputies  of  the 
upper  tribes  and  told  them  that  though  ho  had  grounds  for 
not  being  entirely  satisfied  with  some  of  them,  he  would,  in 
consideration  of  peace,  overlook  the  irregularity  of  their 
conduct ;  that  he  pardoned  the  Sacs  for  the  death  of  the 
Frenchman  whom  they  had  killed,  because  they  had 
agreed  to  surrender  the  murderer  to  Mr.  de  Courte- 
manche,  and  theii*  deputy  had  offered  satisfactory  repara- 
tion. 

The  Illinois  deputies  had  died  on  the  way,  and  in  their 
last  moments  had  confided  the  interests  of  their  nation  to 
Onanguice.  The  Governor-General  ordered  this  chief  to 
notify  the  Illinois  that  if  they  should  again  plunder  the 
French,  he  would  not  be  satisfied  as  now  with  the  restitu- 
tion of  the  goods  taken  by  the  robbers.  He  spoke  in  the 
same  tone  to  some  others,  who  were  subject  to  tlie  same 
fault,  and  gave  them  all  to  understand  that  they  should 
find  him  a  Father,  but  a  Father  no  longer  disposed 
to  allow  them  to  swerve  from  the  path  of  duty,  as  hereto- 
fore.' 


'  They  p'lgned   tliis  treaty   witli     ification   of  the  Peace.     N.  Y.  Col. 
diC  rem  marks  from  those  used  on     Doc,  ix.,  p.  722-5. 
the  previous  one.  Charlevoix,    liat-        *  Ho  complained  of  Noensa  (Roen- 


IIISTOUY  OF  NEW  FIl.iNCE. 


153 


He  then  distributed  to  them  the  King's  presents.  The  i70'' 
Ottawas  asked  for  Father  Anjelran  and  Nicholas  Perrot,  "-"^"^^ 
and  he  told  them  that  ho  would  willinglw  accede  to  it; 
that  the  missionaiy  was  disposed  to  follow  them ;  but  on 
condition  that  they  should  correspond  with  greater  docility 
to  his  instructions.  Their  deputy  also  conjured  him  not  to 
permit  brandy  to  be  carried  anywhere,  because  that  liquor 
troubled  the  mind,  and  could  only  lead  the  young  men  to 
excesses,  which  would  infallibly  entail  deplorable  results  ; 
all  present  applauded  this  request,  except  a  Huron  chief, 
who  was  a  great  drunkard,  and  Lad  already  taken  steps  to 
carry  home  a  supply  of  liquor. 

The  next  day  the  Governor-General  gave  audience  to  And  to  the 

.  „         .  .  Iroquois. 

the  deputies  of  the  cantons.  After  impressmg  on  thorn 
that  they  would  be  inexcusable  and  deserving  of  all  his 
anger,  if  they  refused  to  set  their  prisoners  free,  he 
ordered  them  to  deliver  these  captives  to  Joucaire,  who 
was  to  set  out  with  them,  pledging  his  word,  that  if  some 
of  these  prisoners  then  wished  to  return  to  their  coun- 
try, they  should  be  free  to  do  so,  as  had  just  hap- 
pened with  the  prisoners  whom  the  Hurons  had  brought  to 
him. 

He  also  recommended  them  to  remain  neutral  between 
the  French  and  English,  should  war  be  renewed  between 
those  two  nations,  as  would  apparently  soon  be  the  case. 
Ho  showed  them  that  it  was  utterly  contrary  to  their 
interests  to  allow  the  English  to  build  forts  in  their  towns 
and  on  their  rivers,  and  ho  assured  them  that  he  would 
never  permit  it.  He  was  very  anxious  that  they  should 
ask  him  for  Jesuit  missionaries,  convinced  that  their  pres- 
ence was  tne  most  effectual  means  of  retaining  them  in  a 
strict  neutrality  ;  but  he  deemed  it  inexpedient  to  allude  to 
it,  the  Court  having  given  him  no  instructions   on   the 


sa,)  thii  Kaskaskia  chief  for  remov-  apparently  induced  them  to  halt  at 

ing  las  villagi     to   the  Mississippi,  the  present  Kaskiiskiii  till  he  went 

l)e  la  Potherie,    iv.,   p.   'iii').     This  down  and  aBi'eriuiniMl  the  real  state 

change  was  made  on  hearing  that  of  affairs.    Grnvicr,  Journal,  p.  6 : 

the  Frimch  had  si'ttled  at  the  lunulli  Early  Voyages    up  and   down   the 

of  the  IliseisBippi.    Fhther  Cravier  Mississiijpi,  p.  110. 


U; 


154 


1701. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

point,  and  the  indirect  means  which  he  employed  to  bring 
them  to  it,  snccoedinf^  to  his  desire. 

Ho  hist  of  all  gave  them  exphiuations  in  regard  to  the 
post  he  wished  to  found  at  Detroit,  whither,  in  Juno,  ho 
had  sent  the  Siour  de  la  Motto  Cadillac'  with  about  ono 
hundred  men  and  a  Jesuit,  in  order  to  attract  the  Indians 
there.  He  had  used  all  exjiedition  to  get  this  convoy  oflf 
before  the  Iroquois  deputies  came,  lest,  in  case  they 
bogged  him  to  defer  the  execution  of  his  pi'oject,  his  refu- 
sal should  prove  an  obstacle  to  the  peace ;  whereas,  tho 
thing  done,  he  would  be  more  justified  in  not  yielding. 
They  in  fact  adduced  difficulties  enough  to  embarrass 
him,  had  he  not  gone  so  far,  but  he  made  tliem  relish 
his  reasons,  the  chief  being,  that  tho  English,  had 
he  not  anticipated  them,  would  undoubtedly  have  attempt- 
ed to  settle  there,  and  thus  drawn  the  war  into  the  heart 
of  the  country.' 

The  Mohawks  had  not  sent  deputies  to  the  Congi'oss  as 
Moiiawks  they  had  promised,  and  the  General  expressed  his  resent- 
tho  treaty,  ment  to  the  deputies  of  the  other  cantons;  lut  the  latter 
had  scarcely  left  Montreal  before  the  Mohawks  arrived. 
They  made  their  excuses  and  signed  the  treaty.'  Some 
time  after,  Joncaire  arrived  with  very  few  prisoners,  the 
others  absolutel}'  refusing  to  follow  him.  It  was  believed,  or 
the  aiithorities  chose  to  pretend  to  believe,  that  this  was 
no  fault  of  the  Iroquois,  and  there  the  matter  rested.' 


The 


'  Cadillac  claims  tho  wliolo  merit 
of  fmrntling  Detroit.  He  went  to 
Franco  and  obtained  the  appoint- 
ment  of  Commandant.  He  started 
from  Quebec  March,  8,  and  from 
Montreal.  June,  5,  reaching  Detroit 
July,  34.  1701,  with  50  soldiers  un- 
der Touti,  and  fiO  Canadians  with  a 
Recoiled  ehniilain  and  Father  Vail. 
Innt  as  Indian  missionary.  Ho  at 
once  erected  Fort  Hontclinrtrain,  a 
pali.'-iided  etructure  near  thi.'  pres- 
ent Jefferson  Avenue,  Shelby  and 
\ViKi.lli."idge  Streets.  Sheldon's 
iMii'liigan,  pp.  01-',',  and  145.  Cadil- 
hi  •  lielieved  "  thiit  (lod  had  raised 


him  up  as  another  Moses"  to  gather 
the  Indians  at  Detroit.     lb.,  p.  48. 

'^  The  account  of  this  conferenco 
will  be  found  in  de  la  Pothorlo,  iv. , 
pp.  200-200.  lu  regard  to  Detroit 
see  Relation  des  Affaires  du  Cana- 
da, p.  37 :  Canada  Documents,  ix., 
pp.  104-354;  N.  Y.  MS.  Eng ,  xlv., 
p.l. 

^  Seven  Moliawk  sachems  came 
with  his  messengers  and  agnsed  to 
neutrality.  De  Callieres  to  I'ont- 
chartrain.  N.  V.  Col.  Doc,,  ix..  p. 
7!;7. 

^  On  the  I5tli  of  Xnv.  1701,  tlie 
Knniniiry  of  (Quebec  was  totull\    ile- 


HISTOIJY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


155 


The  next  joar  the  Cantous  sent  a  solemn  deputation  to  1702. 
de  Callieres,  to  thank  him  for  havinj^  given  them  peace, 
and  he  also  received  a  deputation  from  the  upper  tribes  for  Death  of 
the  same  purpose.  But  what  gave  the  greatest  hopes  of  iuu" 
the  durability  of  this  peace,  was  the  request  of  the  Iro- 
quois deputies  for  Jesuits.  They  at  tlio  same  time 
informed  him  of  the  'ath  of  Garakonthie,'  who  never 
ceased  till  his  last  sigh  to  serve  the  French  use- 
fully in  his  nation,  and  they  presented  to  him  the  nephew 
who  offered  to  be  the  Governor's  agent  in  place  of  his  un- 
cle, and  was  accepted. 

The  Governor- General  was  too  anxious  to  see  the  Iro-  Mission- 
quois  of  themselves  solicit  the  return  of  the  missionaries  "iro.ju^j's'!® 
to  the  Cantons,  not  to  take  them  at  their  word.  He  hud 
some  all  ready,  and  sent  them  everywhere.'  He  appointed 
Mr.  de  Maricourt  to  escort  them,  and  they  were  very  well 
received.  It  was  not  that  the  nation  was  better  disposed 
than  before  to  embrace  Christianity  ;'  but  it  was  not  use- 
less to  religion  and  it  was  important  to  the  colony  to  have 
aiuoiig  these  savages,  persons  invested  with  a  character 
capable  of  impressing  them,  whose  presence  assured  them 
of  a  desire  to  live  in  peace  with  them  ;  who  could  enlighten 
their  conduct,  notify  tlie  Governor- General  of  all  their 
proceedings,  gain  them  by  affability,  or  at  least  make 
friends  among  them — above  all,  discover  and  disconcert  tlie 
intrigues  of  the  English,  who  are  no  longer  to  be  dreaded 


Btrnyed  by  fire,  with  noarly  nil  its 
contents.  The  vitht:U)Ic  BLsIkij)  La- 
vul  was  re-icueil  wiili  ditflcnilty. 
Juchercau,  Histoiro  tie  I'lL.tel  Dicu, 
p.  897. 

Tilt!  Sloop  Marj,  sent  by  Sainui'l 
Vetch,  was  at  Quebec,  Oct.  ij-ii, 
liuided  a  cargo  from  New  Y<iik  .mil 
took  in  a  return  cargo.  Slu*  was 
wrecked  on  Montuuk  Point.  See 
Voyage  of  the  Sloop  Mary,  O'CiiUu- 
gliun'ti  Colonial  Tracts,  I. 

'  He  was  a  brother  of  tlie  great 
Daniel  (farakonthie  wlio  died  in 
KiTli.     Anri\  iii.,  |i.  1!)!,  n. 

'  lie  sent   I'lUliei- di'   Liuubcrville 


with  a  lay  brother  to  Onondaga  : 
Fathers  Oaruier  and  Vaillant  to 
Seneca.  De  Callieres  to  Count  Ji!- 
ronie  de  Pontcliartraiu,  Nov.  -!, 
1702.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.ix.,  p.  7:!7. 
F.  Chaigneau  to  P  de  Ijainljerville, 
Oct.  11,  1703,  annomic'ii  tln'ir  arri- 
val at  Onondaga.  Kel.  d  s  Affiires 
du  Canada,  p    IM. 

^  One  sachem  distinctly  expressed 
their  intention  to  adopt  the  religion 
of  tlie  party  who  showed  the  gnsat- 
est  liberality  in  trade,  N.  Y  Col, 
Doc,  iv. 


156 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


I  702. 


English 
hostilities. 


Vnriniis 
liicffoctiial 
proii'C'ls  for 

Acadia. 


in  that  part  of  America,  when  they  have  not  the  Cantons 
on  tlieir  side.' 

Do  Callieres,  assured  of  the  Iroquois  at  the  very  time 
that  he  learned  that  war  had  been  declared  between  France 
and  England,'  had  scarce  a  doubt  that  the  first  efforts  of 
the  English  in  America  would  bo  directed  against  Acadia 
or  Newfoundland,  and  his  conjecture  proved  true.  He  was 
soon  informed  that  the  enemy  menaced  Placentia ;  but  he 
soon  after  had  intelligence  of  the  miscarriage  of  the  pro- 
ject, which  resulted  only  in  plundering  and  burning  some 
fishing  smacks. 

Acadia,  less  fortified  than  Placentia,  more  difficult  to 
guard  and  nearer  New  England,  gave  him  more  uneasi- 
ness, as  it  was  not  easy  to  send  the  aid  which  it  needed  ex- 
tremely. But  1.  '"i  dispatches,  received  at  this  juncture  from 
the  French  court,  delivered  him  from  this  embarrassment 
at  least  for  some  time.  He  was  informed  that  the  solid 
establishment  of  that  colony  was  much  discussed,  and 
that  they  were  devising  means  for  considerably  increasing 
the  population. 

This  was  reaiiy  30,  and  the  matter  seemed  so  serious  to 
the  bishop  of  Quebec,  who  was  then  in  France,  that  he  felt 
bound  to  take  steps  to  establish  in  Acadia  a  body  of 
ecclesiastics,  who  could  supply  clergymen  for  all  the  posts 
intended  to  be  settled,  so  as  not  to  be  under  the  necessity 
of  drawing  any  from  Canada,  where  there  were  none  to 
spare.  He  first  fixed  on  the  Benedictines  of  St.  Maur, 
but  the  General  of  that  Congregation  did  not  enter  into 
his  views.  He  then  negotiated  with  the  Premonstrateu- 
sians,  and  applied  to  the  Regular  Abbot  of  St.  Andre  aux 
Bois  in  Picardy.  He  found  a  man  woll-disposed  to  do  all 
he  desired,  so  far  as  even  to  wish  to  devote  himself  to  the 


'    In   1702   ('lmm]iigny   roturnwl  ragid  terribly,  having  boiui  brought 

to  Friinc(!,  and  da  l?(-aiiharnois  bo-  from  Albany   by   an   Indian.     Tlit! 

canii'  Intendant,  April,  1,  170'),  and  doatlis  in  QiiebiiC  araountud  to  2000, 

arrived  Aug.  29.     Edits   ot  Ordon-  lb.  \>.  404. 

ancGB,  iii.,  p.  5G.    Juclicreau,   His-         '    Queen     Anne    declared     war 

toire  de  I'llotel  Dieu,  p.  40;i.     The  against  France  and  Spain,  May  4, 

following    winter    tlio    small    pox  1702. 


Hi  STORY  OF  NEW    FRANCE. 


157 


Acadian  missions,  and  the  treaty  was  well  advanced,  when 
the  Superiors  of  that  order  exacted  conditions  which  the 
bishop  could  or  would  not  grant ;  and  a'!  the  court  soon 
abandoned  the  project  of  settling  Acadia,  things  spir- 
itual and  temporal  remained  in  the  samo  position  as  ever. 

The  Chevalier  de  Villebon  had  died  there  in  the  raontli 
of  July,  1700,'  and  Mr.  de  Brouillan  from  Governor  of 
Placeutia  became  Governor  of  Acadia.  Ho  had  soon  to 
cope  with  i)art  of  the  New  England  forces :  the  Boston- 
ians  committed  great  ravages  all  along  the  coast,  and  car- 
ried off  several  vessels.'  He  then  learned  that  the  French 
prisoners  at  Boston  were  treated  very  harshly ;  that  the 
Queen  of  Great  Britain  had  forbidden  any  exchange,  and 
that  the  Governor  wished  to  hang  Captain  Ba})tiste,  an 
active  privateer,  whose  liberty  had  been  refused  to  the 
French  during  the  peace,  under  the  pi'etext  thai  he  was  a 
pirate. 

On  this  hitelligence  he  dispatched  an  express  to  Boston 
to  notify  the  Governor  that  he  would  retaliate  if  he  cai'ried 
out  his  threat,  and  this  declaration  saved  Baptiste's  life  ; 
but  de  Brouillan's  ei^voy  informed  him  that  they  were  ex- 
pecting at  Boston  vessels  from  England  to  besiege  Que- 
bec and  cruise  in  the  gulf  and  even  up  the  St.  Law- 
rence, so  as  to  prevent  any  French  vessel  from  entering. 

The  Governor  at  once  dispatched  the  same  courier  to 
Quebec  to  inform  de  Callieres  of  all  this.  The  Governor- 
General  had  already  some  intelligence  :  he  was  at  the  same 
time  informed  that  the  New  York  niihtia  had  already 
marched  for  Boston ;  that  the  Iroquois  were  earnestly 
pressed  by  the  English  to  expel  the  missionaries  from 
their  country  :  tliat  some  of  the  Cantons  had  already 
promised  to  do  so  :  that  many  even  of  our  ancient  allies 
were  negotiating  with  the  English  through  the  Iroquois,' 


1702. 


The 
liU'ii:ico 


Mi)Vomcut 

iimoiii; 
tin;  Indlaiii! 
iipiiiist  our 

iuturusts. 


■•:V 


'  Acadia  reunited  to  royal  domain 
Mar.  2',i,  1700,  and  prior  grants  un- 
nulled.   Arrets  et  Ord.,  ii..  y.  Vi'i. 

"  De  NciiviHett(^  sent  out  l)y  de 
Brouillan  wuk  killi<l,  and  Iviglisli  es- 
cujicd.   N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  [t.  TJy. 


^  The  Onondaaras  sent  an  emlias- 
sy  to  the  Ottiuvas,  in  Oct.  1702,  and 
Rleecker  and  Seliuyler  were  to  at- 
tend it.  N.  Y.  MS.  En^dinh,  Vol. 
xliv.,  pp.  170,  li'l*,  l«.i.  See,  too, 
Canada  Doc,  II.  ix.,  pp.  ;iOO,  'i-iQ. 


158 


HISTOliY  OF  NEW    FRANCE. 


'702.     some  grounding  the  stop  on  the  high  price  of  our  goods. 
~  •  ~^  *  This  old  and  but  too  well-founded  complaint,  sprang  in 
part  from  the  poverty  of  the  Canadian  settlai-s,  and  in 
rart  from  the  avarice  of  the  merchants  both  in  Franco  and 
the  colony.    At  all  events  it  was  a  pretext  ever  open  to  the 
Indians — with  some    to  excuse   their  inconstancy,  with 
others  to  cloak  tlieir  ill-will. 
Death  of       Under  such  circumstances  the  most  urgent  point  was  to 
Chevalier  baffle  the  intrigues  of  the  English  in  the  Iroquois  can- 
do  Ciiuiores  ^^^y^  ^^^j  1^^,^.^  ^^^  Chevalier  do  OaUieres  began.    He  then 

1703.  wrote  to  the  court  for  recruits ;  he  planned  the  completing 
of  the  fortifications  of  Quebec,'  and  took  all  other  steps 
that  his  experience  and  ability  suggested.  He  was  him- 
self the  greatest  resource  of  Now  Frani^e,  ^v^lich  had  the 
misfortune  to  lose  him  at  the  moment  when  he  was  most 
necessary.  He  died  at  Quebec,  May  2Gth,  1703,  justly 
regretted  as  the  most  accomplished  General  the  colony 
had  yet  had,  and  the  man  who  had  rendered  it  the  most 
important  services.'' 
By  his  death  the  general  command  remained  in  the 
Miipjuis  (le  hands  of  the  Marquis  do  Vaudreuil,  Governor  of  Mon- 
treal. He  was  greatly  beloved  by  the  Indians,  and  tlie 
valor  he  had  displayed  ou  several  occasions  during  the  last 
war,  together  with  his  noble  and  amiable  manners,  liad 
gained  him  the  atfectiou  and  acquired  the  esteem  of  the 
whole  colony.  Hence  it,  with  one  accord,  solicited  liim  as 
Governor-General.  Moreover  he  had  no  rival,  over  whom 
the  position  ho  occupied,  his  experience,  and  his  know- 
ledge of  Canadian  affairs,  did  not  give  him  a  groat  superi- 
ority.    Mr.  do  Champigny,  who  had  been  the  rival  of  de 


BUl'l'CuJlJ 

hiiu. 


'  He  also  suramoniHl  troops  from 
Montreal.  He  CiiUit're.s  to  Pont- 
cbartruin,  Nov.  4,  HOi.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.,  ix.,  \>  7I.{7. 

•-'  lie  liail  i\('vi'r  enjoyed  vigorou.s 
health,  oiid  Huffrred  from  gout,  but 
was  seized  with  a  lieiumDrrluige 
while  at  High  Mass  in  the  Cathe- 
dral on  Ascension  day,  and  died  a 
few  days  atkr.     He  was  buried  iu 


tho  SccoUoct  Church  beside  Froa- 
tenac.  Juehereau,  Histoire  de  I'llo- 
tel  Dieu.,  p.  400.  On  his  colRn  waa 
inscribed,  Cy  gist  Haut  et  Puissant 
Seigneur,  Hector  de  Callier(«,  Che- 
valier de  St.  Louis,  (iouveriieur  (;t 
Lieutenant  Uenerul  <le  la  Nouveilo 
Franco,  decede  le  2(i  May,  1703. 
Smith,  History  of  Canada,  i.,  p. 
US. 


)         1 


HISTOHY  OF  NEW    FliANC'E. 


l.^Q 


Calliures,  hail  returnetl  to  Franco  and  given  up  all  tliouglits 
of  America. 

The  Marquis  de  Vaudrcuil  was  accordingly  granted  to 
the  prayers  of  all  those;  whom  ho  was  to  govern  ;  it  seems 
even  that  this  unanimity  of  all  orders  in  the  colony  in  his 
favor  had  gratified  the  King,  who  had  given  him  marks  of 
his  appreciation  on  several  occasions  since  the  surprise  of 
Valenciennes  by  the  Mousquetaires,  to  which  Ijody  V;iu- 
dreuil  belonged.  In  fine,  the  intelligence  of  his  promotion 
was  received  with  most  sincere  applause,  his  conduct  dur- 
ing the  vacancy  having  already  confirmed  the  general 
impression,  that  no  one  was  better  adapted  for  tlie 
post  to  which  his  Majesty's  selection  had  just  raised  him.' 

As  he  saw  from  the  outset  the  importance  of  making 
sure  of  the  Iroquois,  ho  showed  great  friendship  to  some 
Senecas  who  came  to  wait  upon  him  soon  after  Callieres' 
death.  He  even  sent  the  Sieur  de  Joncaire  to  accompany 
them  home,  and  that  officer  n'igotiated  so  successfully  in 
that  canton,  that  he  brought  back  with  him  one  of  the 
head  chiefs.  This  Indian  first  thanked  the  Governor-Gen- 
eral for  his  goodness  in  promising  to  protect  them  against 
all  their  avowed  enemies ;  he  then  expressed  great  regrtit 
that  the  Onondagas  had  not  come  to  congratulate  him,  and 
seemed  to  entertain  evil  designs.  Then  he  said  :  "  Wo 
have  never  comnmnicatod  to  any  one  what  I  am  going  to 
tell  you.  Hitherto  we  have  always  claimed  to  be  sole 
masters  of  our  territ(iry,  and  hence  we  at  first  decided  to 
be  mere  .spectators  of  what  might  occur  between  you  and 
the  English ;  but  here  is  a  belt  which  I  present  t(j  you  un- 
der ground,  to  declare  to  you  that  we  give  you  the  absolute 
domain  of  our  country.  Hence,  Father,  if  any  mischance 
befall  us,  in  which  w-o  need  aid,  consider  us  as  your  chil- 
dren and  put  us  in  a  condition  to  upliold  the  cour.se  we  this 
day   adopt.     As  regards   the   missionaries,   you   may   bo 


1703. 


'  His  eoiniiiission  dat^M  August  1, 
170U.  Edittf  ct  Ordoniiiiuci'-  iii..  ]). 
58;  but  lie  was  not  instalK^d  as  Oov- 
(^rnor-Uenural  till  1705,  w'.i  u  it 
waH  iloiu'  with  great  jiouip.     Juchc- 


roau.  llistoiro  dn  I'lLitrl  Diuu,  p. 
4.v;0-l.  HU  inotheriu-law.Madiuui! 
dr  Miii\(]n,  liad  bei^n  wtry  actis-f  in 
procurinifliisappointmenfi.  See,  too, 
Dauiel,  Nos  (iloiivs,  i.,  p.  74-81. 


Seneca 
(lclu){alioii. 


160 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


'703'     iissured   tlmt  I  will  perish   sooner   than   suffer  them   to 

"~i  '-  '  loavo    iny    canton."     Ho  ooufirmod   this   promise  by  a 

Hocoutl  bolt,  anil  presented  a  third,  to  have  Jouoairo  go 

and  winter  with  him. 

TesrnnUao-      J)q  Vaudrcuil  of  coarse 'had  no  idea  of  refusiuc  what  he 

rons  nt  _  _  ° 

Montre.li.  desired  more  than  the  envoy  did,  and  Joncaire  set  out  with 
Soon       i^r  Ter 


What   hu 
oflucU. 


•1  ,!i 


Inui 

tlio  audience 

by  displaying  &  '-m 

object  of  his  con. 

formed  mind  ;  they  make  p 

iug  seize  the  hatchet  aj;ain 

strong 


Expedition 
inti)  New 

EiiKliind. 


ssorens  arri^^)d  at  Montreal,  and  in 
by  the  Governor-General,  ho  began 
r,  which  gave  no  good  omen  of  the 
•  l.nr'^peans,"  he  said,  "have  an  ill- 
.  ,  and  then  for  a  mere  noth- 
"Wo  do  not  act  .so ;  we  require 
reasons  to  break  a  treaty  that  we  have  signed." 
He  then  declared  that  his  canton  would  take  no  part 
for  either  side  in  a  war  which  it  disapproved.  This  was 
all  do  Vandreuil  wished,  as  ho  convinced  Tcganissorens, 
and  to  deprive  the  Iroqnoit*  of  every  pretext  for  violating 
a  ueutraHty  so  l>enp.ficial  to  the  colony,  he  resolved  to  send 
out  no  parties  against  the  English  in  New  York.  Ho  held 
this  up  to  Tcganissorens  as  a  meritorious  act,  and  on  his 
side  the  chief  pledged  his  word  to  retain  the  missionaries 
who  wore  in  his  canton.' 

At  Boston  they  sought  to  take  the  same  steps  to  gain 
the  Abenaqui  nations  that  the  Commandant-General  had 
taken  to  induce  the  Iroquois  to  remain  neutral :  but  they 
undertook  it  too  late.'  De  Vandreuil  formed  a  party  of 
these  Indians,  adding  some  Frenchmen  under  the  com- 
mand of  the  Sieur  de  Beaubassin,'  lieutenant,  and  sent 
them  to  New  England.     They  committed  some  few  unim- 


'  Vfiudreuil  to  Pontchnrtraln, 
Nov.  14«  1703  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix., 
p.  74;i.  Speech,  lb.  p.  747.  Smith's 
New  York,  Uo  p.  108. 

''  tor  sonit'  Frencli  notieps  of  tho 
Negotiations,  see  J.  Bijrot,  Uehitioii 
do  lu  Mission  Abenaqilisii,  170i.  p. 
31.  Tlio  r'n.stL'rn  trihes  met  (fov. 
Pndloy  at  Caseo,  June  '.30  I'eiihal- 
low's  Indian  Warn,  p.  IH  :  but  the 
jilunacr   of  yinuijjf  C'astine's   seltlo- 


ntcnt  at  Penobscot  precipitated  the 
war.  Williamson's  Maine,  ii.,  pp. 
41-3.  New  Hampshire  Hist.  Coll., 
II.,  p.'-';iO. 

^  Ln  VnlliiTe  Sieur  de  Beaubas- 
sin was  a  mm  of  la  Valliere,  Ciipl. 
of  a  detachment  of  tlie  Marine  a'.id 
of  Frontonac'.H  guards:  h".  had  served 
against  the  Iroquois.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc.  is.,  pp.  .");!■■),  GOi  ;  on  the  Uouf- 
fonne.    lb.  64:J. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  l-'UANCE.  lOi 

portant  ravages,  but  killed  about  tliroo  liuuclroJ   men.    i7"3' 
Moreover,  the  oaseutinl  point  wii.i  to  got  the  xVbi'uaquis  so     "^^  ""' 
iu  vol  veil  iu  it,  that  they  could  not  dmw  back.' 

Towards  the  close  of  autuiuu  the  Kuglish,  who  de.spaired 
of  gaining  tho.se  ludiaus,  made  iucursious  iuto  their  coun- 
try and  massacred  all  who  were  surprised.'  The  chiefs 
applied  to  Mr.  de  Vaudreuil  for  aid,  and  during  the  win- 
ter he  sent  them  two  hundred  anil  lifly  men,  commanded 
by  the  Sieur  Hertel  do  Rouville,  seconded  lieutenant, 
worthily  replacing  his  father,  whom  age  and  infirmity 
incapacitated  for  such  long  expeditions.  Four  othui'  sims 
accompanied  llouville,  who  in  his  turn  surprised  the  Eng- 
lish, killed  many,  and  took  one  hundred  and  lifty  pristm- 
ers.  He  lost  only  three  Frenchmen  and  some  Indians, 
but  was  himself  wounded.' 

Novvfouudlaud  was  also  the  scone  of  minor  operations.  Exii,.iifl  -f 
Mr.  de  Subercaso,  who  had  succeeded  de  Brouillau  as  Gov-   oiiiJ^i'Vi'i 
eruor  of  Placentia,  was  not  a  man  to  leave  the  English  j,     '^'„j 
quiet,  and  ho   imparted  his   energy   to   all   his   olHcers.* 
Lieutenant  Amariton  of  the  infantry  achieved  quite  an  e.v.- 
ploit.     With  four  soldiers,  and  forty-eight  volunteers  and 
sailors,  he  attacked  Forillon '  in  broad  day,  and  bearding 
three  liundred  English  who  were  in  the  harbor,  he  stormed 


'  On  the  10th  of  August  they  at- 
tacked Wells,  t'api;  I'orpoitic,  Scar- 
borough, Spurwink,  i'urpooduck  and 
C'ast;().  The  last  place  was  relieved 
by  C'apt.  Southwick  and  Beaubassin 
drew  off.  New  England  accounts 
admit  a  loss  of  105  killed.  Wil- 
lianiMon's  Maine,  ii.,  p.  41 ;  Fol- 
Bora's  Saco,  p.  198. 

■  N.  Y.  Col.  Doo.,  is.,  p.  763. 

'  Tliis  wis  the  attack  on  Deer- 
field,  Feb.  ii8,  no  I,  O.  S.  Uutchin- 
Hon's  Massacluiselts,  II.,  p.  137 ;  New 
Hampshire  Hist.  Coll.,  1.,  p.  30. 
I'liruliury  to  Nottin^diam,  Juno  33, 
1704.  N.  -. .  Col.  D,x:.,  iv.,  p.  1000. 
It  was  in  lliis  incursion  that  tjie 
celebrated  Rev,  John  Williams  with 


his  family  were  taken.  See  Re- 
deemed Captive  returninir  to  Zion. 
(Edition  18iW.)  Eleazar  Williams, 
who  set  up  a  claim  to  be  Louis 
XVII,  was  descendtvl  from  his 
daugliter.  Eunice  Williams.  See 
Hanson's  Lost  Prince.  N.  Y,,  IS.W. 
At  Deerfield  3.)  were  killed.  The 
Tarbells,  who  became  chiefs  at 
Cau^hnawaga  and  St.  Regis,  were 
taken  iu  this  war  at  Oroton. 
Hutchinson,  .Mass.  ii.,  \i.  139. 

■•  De  Subi-rcase,  (lov.  of  Fort  St. 
Louis  of  Placentia,  appointed  (iov. 
of  Acadia  .\pril  10,  170ij,  vice  de 
Brouillau  deceased.    .\.  Y.Col.  Doc, 

ix.,  p.  ms. 

'Ferrylaud. 


rjL 


168 


HIHTOllY  OP  NEW  FRANCES. 


t7'-'3-     tho  fort  withuiit  losing  a  iimu,  captuiing  five  Imbitations 
■■^""^'^"^  and  throo  small  vossols. 

Ho  could  not,  however,  prevent  a  brif^antino  from  oacap- 
iny  to  notify  two  men-of-war,  anchored  oil"  tho  St.  Pierro 
islands.'  Tlieso  appeared  before  Forillon,  before  our  gal- 
lant men  had  withdrawn ;  but  Amariton  still  had  time  to 
•  burn  his  three  i)rizes  and  take  to  the  woods.  Tho  Eng- 
lish at  once  sent  three  iiundred  men  in  piiv.suit,  and  t.\o 
ai'iued  sloops,  which  overtook  them  at  Fremouse.  Fear 
then  seized  his  little  troop,  which  disbanded  :  only  ten  or 
twelve  stood  by  him,  and  witli  these  lie  foiiglit  so  well,  that 
he  could  not  be  routed,  and  elFccted  his  retreat  safely  to  Pla- 
centia.' 
.    _   /  ,      Tho   inaction    of    the    English    as   to    Newfoundland, 

KiiitiiHii    nither  surprised  them  in  Canada ;  but  they  wore  aijpar- 
ftttciiipt  on  '  '  J  L  I 

I'liutMitiu.  ontly  ignorant  at  Quebec,  and  even  at  Placentia  only  knew 
in  general  the  English  project  to  capture  that  port,  a  pro- 
ject which  failed  by  the  fault  of  the  officer  sent  to  carry  it 
out.  He  was  one  Graydou,"  and  his  instructions  required 
him  to  conduct  to  tho  English  colonies  *  a  squadron  given 
him  in  England ;  there  to  call  out  all  the  militia  and  con- 
voy them  to  Newfoundland  to  besiege  Placentia.  Tho  ex- 
pedition was  tittod  out  with  great  secrecy  ;  but  before  the 
pquadion  set  sail,  the  secret  got  wind.  It  seems  oven  that 
the  blame  of  this  was  laid  on  Graydon ;  who  was,  it  was 
asserted,  ill-ati'ected  to  government. 

He  had  also  bcten  instructed  not  to  deviate  from  his 
route,  in  order  to  give  chaso  to  any  hostile  v(!Ssol  whatever, 
and  on  this  point  he  carried  his  obedience  further,  perhai)3, 
than  was  desired.  Having  discovered  four  French  men-of- 
war  making  for  Brest,  and  apparently  not  in  a  condition  to 


'  This  WHS  a  tiqnaJit  i.  uadi'iCaiit. 
Sir  John  Luukc  «  liichsuiledJuneSl, 
ruae!..'.!  Bay  ol'lJi.i;;:  Au.i,'.  •:7,  O.  S.; 
dcstroyid  'rre[ia!-8<'y,  St.  Mary's, 
Ooliu(ft,  St.  Laiiriut  ami  St.  Piciro. 
and  toiik  in  all  ^'9  Bail,  ninuining  on 
tlie  toast  till  October.  Ludiar<l,  Na- 
val History  of  England,  p.  7.J'J. 
Pudlcy's    Ni.'\vlbiuid!and,    p.    ■!«. — 


Snl)crcu!>e  to  tho  luinigter,  Oct.  81, 

17ua.   Canada  Doc,  HI.  iv.,  p.  4(i4. 

» Journaldc  laCa'.iii  a/rncd'Ainari 
ton,  ib.  p.  4;)lS-4 14.  Anuiriton,  i  nsign 
iu  lU03,lit'Utt'nant,  17(W,  was  blill  iu 
service  iu  1717.    Daniol,  ii.,  p.  83. 

^  Vico  Admiral  Oraydoiv  Lcdiard, 
Naval  llistiiry,  IT-j.'),  pp.  "(  '>9,  770. 

*  Wfst  Indii's. 


niSrOKY  OF  NEW    FHANC'B. 


163 


luako  n  vigorous  dofeiico,  ho  stjnt  iudoetl  to  reconnoitre  tln'ni, 
l»ut  licjiring  Konio  cuuDoimdiiiK,  K''^'^  t''*'  nigiml  for  rLi-all, 
auil  foiitinui'd  lii.s  route.  Tiiis  was  sulisi'([ueiitl3-  iiuowii  to 
Jmvo  lieeii  lJiiea8se'K  S(|ua(lrou,  returning  from  Oartliagenii 
uutl  sevoral  other  Anioriean  ports,  loaded  witli  specio, 
amounting,  it  was  said,  to  four  million  pii^ees  of  eight. 

On  arriving  in  the  EngliKh  colony,'  (iraydon,  according 
to  an  English  historian,'  acted  in  u  manner  to  give  tin;  idea 
that  he  caum  rather  to  spread  terror  than  for  Iho  Queen's 
service.  He  at  last  sot  out  for  Placentia  with  all  the 
forces  that  he  had  collected,'  but  \u)  found  the  French 
in  such  a  good  posture,  that  ho  retired  without  even 
making  a  show  of  attacking  the  place.*  Of  this  attempt 
I  lind  nothing  in  any  French  document,  manuscript  or 
]r'intcd.' 

In  spite  of  the  slight  successes  just  mentioned,  which 
had  no  advantage  beyiiud  impressing  the  Lnians  with  our 
superiority  over  tho  English,  di'  Vaudreuil  was  not  with- 
out disquiet.  Tho  Hurons,  who  had  removed  fiom  Michi- 
limackinae  to  Detroit,  and  whoso  chief,  called  by  tho 
French  Qnarante  Sols,  was  a  bad  man,  long  under  tho  sus- 
picion of  our  commandants,  quite  openly  displayed  their 
inclination  lor  tho  English.' 

The  Ottawas,  u  i)art  of  whom  also  had  como  to  Detroit, 
and  the  Miauiis,  wished  to  renew  tho  war  against  the  ('an- 
tons.  Tho  former  were  even  so  bold  as  to  atUxck,  uud(!r  tho 
cannon  of  Catarocouy,  a  troop  of  Iroquois  unsuspicious 
of   anything,   killing  sovoral.'    Ou  the  other  hand,  Pitro 


i7'-''»- 


Our  iillli'it 

HCIll      ill- 

clldpimud. 


'  lUiibadoi'H  nnd  Jainaica. 

'  Burnot,  History  of  liia  Own 
Time,  v.,  p.  Mi-S,  conicmns  U  ray- 
don,  an  docs  lii'diard,  N'"val  History 
of  Kiiitlaiid,  li:i'»,  11]).  770,  &(',. 

•'  Hi'  arrived  off  Cuiii'  I'ini',,  Xinv 
fouudliind,  Aug.  •,',and  r^'iuaiiiod  off 
Pine 'lUin  till  St'pt.  24.  L'diard,  i>. 
TOO.  , 

*  ■'•!•  Ihid  a  couiwil  of  war,  and 
tho  fojrtry  wcitlicr  nnd  slri'ii^ili  of 
the  iilai'i-  wt:r.'  dci'Micil  iii.-iii|Hral)li! 
ditiicullicis.     llr   naciird    Kuyl.uid, 


Oct.  23.    11).,  770. 

*  C'ogtobidio  to  the  MinistiT,  Oct. 
2'),  1704,  givi'8  no  detail,  but  in  I)i;c, 
lie  uskc  1  tno  mon-of  war  to  jir.vint 
Entxlisli  atliu'ksi.  Canada  Dm:.,  HI., 
iv  .  ]iii.  nOS,  51-,'. 

•  Vaiiilnniil  to  Urauharnais.  Nov. 
Hi,  1704.  N,  Y.  Col,  Dor.,  \x ,  n. 
7(10. 

'  Vaudn-ull  and  Hi'unliarnaii  to 
sunns  Nov.  17,  1704.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Dor  ,  ix.,  i>.  701  'i'liu  tUtiiwa  cUiof 
was  ( 'oia|iani»i'. 


IM 


HIKroUY  OK  NEW    raANCK. 


'7<J4.     Bchuiller  Oo voruor  of  Onuigo,  was  using  ovory  oxortiou  to 
""' '  "^  '  briiifi;  tho  Cuutous  to  ii  niiituio  with  um,  iiiul  tliis  lust  net  of 
lioMtility,  I'omiiiittiMl  on  our  territory  aud  in  our  sight,  more 
tliiiu  Hiifllct^il  to  liriiig  them  to  it. 

HchiiiUfr  cuni"!  his  viowK  further :  ho  formed  tlio  doaign 
of  drnwing  to  lii.s  proviuoo  tho  IrocinoiH  ChristiiiuH  doini* 
ciliiitod  among  us,  and  ho  Huccoodud  in  shiiiiiug  Hcvora', 
wlio  inchu'.od  the  cliiefH  to  pronuHi)  a  conference  with  him. 
In  vain,  do  Uamezay,  Governor  of  Montreal,  used  ovory 
oxortiou  to  defeat  thiH  stop;  ho  wouhl  liavo  had  tho  morti- 
fication of  scoing  them  sot  out  for  that  couforonce,  had  not 
some  Abenaiiuis  wIkj  chanced  to  lie  at  Montreal,  Khanied 
thorn  out  of  a  I'our.so  so  unbecoming  in  Christians  aud  so  (hiu- 
gcrous  to  tliomselves. 
Enirii^h        Ad'airs  in  tho  cantons  did  not  occupy  tho  General  loss  than 
iirmiii^  the  tlio  movements  and  intrigues  just  mentioned.      Joncaire, 
'""'"""*■   whom  he  had  again  dispatched  to  Tsouontliouan,  (Sonoca,) 
with   Father  le   Vaillaut,  repiu'ted  that  tho   Governor   of 
Orange,  (Albany,)  had  convoked  a  general  assembly  of  tiie 
wiiole  nation  at  Onondaga,  and  wished  at  any  rate  to  compel 
the  Cantons,  1st,  to  expel  the  mission.aries  ,  '2ud,  to  prevent 
the  Abc'naijuis  from  contiuuing  their  liostilities  ;  3d,  to  dis- 
miss the  Mohegans  who  had  recently  settled  in  tlio  Mohawk 
canton,  and  force  them  to  return  to  their  old  residence  near 
Orange ;   -Ith,  to  give  passage  througli  their  territory  to 
the  upper  nations  to  come  and  trade  in  tho  English  col- 
onies.' 
m   r. .    >.     Ho  at  tho  same  time  learned  that  some  Detroit  Indians 

X  he  Ofltroit 

^'(i'l''!!I!  'i'"  ^"^^^  S'J"^  *^°  Albany  and  been  very  cordially  received,  and 
that  others  had  even  set  liro  to  tho  fort  at  Detroit,'  which 


'  Do  Vaudreuil  to  Pontcharfrnin, 
Nov.  10,  1704.  N.  V.  Col.  Doc  ,  ix., 
p.  7U4.    lb.,iv.,  p.  1103. 

'  Saiiiu  to  Huuu',  Nov.  19,  170.5. 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.  ix  .  p.  7(ifl. 

'  .\  Imrn  bi'twcu'ii  two  linntions 
wa»  8ft  on  fire;  the  Cliurcli,  wifli  the 
houses  of  Mewrs.  Ciulilhic  iiiul  'l"on- 
ti  ami  of  the  Uecolleilri  were  coil- 
buuiod.     Im  Moilo  I'udillac  in  Shul 


don's  Micliii^'an,  p.  194-5.  Sheldon 
supixmes  this  to  he  luitea  of  an  in- 
torviow  betwoeii  CudlUac  and  Count 
Pnnti'lmrtrain  iit  Quebec:  but  it  is 
meri'ly  ima'-jinary.  Pontcliartrain 
wan  never  in  Canada,  anM  t'adilhic 
did  not  go  lo  Franee  at  this  time. 
There  are  faela  in  the  dneutnent.  but 
it  18  chiefly  an  alt:\i'k  on  Vinidreuil, 
ihu    ('onipany,    'ruiiii,    Vincennes, 


inSTOllY  OF  NEW  I'HANCK. 


105 


would  liiivo  Itcon  roiliieoil  to  iihIk'h,  hiul  not  iiroiujit  sttps 
biM'ii  tiikdii.  Tlit'j  iiccortrmf^'ly  no  Ioii^'»'rkiu>\v  on  wlioni  to 
(lc|)fiKl,  mill  our  old  allii.'S  rti'oaiud  to  lie  on  thr  point  uf  l)o- 
(tomiu)^'  our  luosl  ciutl  (Mioniius.  lu  thin  (UiibiurasHniout, 
which  wiiM  I'onipliL'iiLod  uioroovur  by  uow  Miiinii  lio.stilitius  ' 
ai^ftiuHl  IIr'  Iroijuoin,  nu'u  uudorstood  bctler  tliiiu  tht'y  hiid 
hitherto  douf,  why  tiio  Cluvulior  do  CiillicioH  iiad  boon  ho 
eager  to  liavo  in  thu  eantou:-»  inou  ablo  to  wiu  tlioir  o«tuum 
and  t'ucall  tUuui  to  iUviv  tiuo  iuiorust. 

In  fact  tho  IroijuoiH,  at  tho  timo  whon  thoro  was  evory-  c 
thill},'  to  bi'  feared  from  their  re.s(  •*  'leut  and  Eiii,'lish  per- 
suasion, vi'iilied  Tei^'anirtsorons'  words  to  Mr.  do  Vaii- 
drouil,  that  when  they  had  onoe  laid  dowu  arms,  they 
would  i-eipiiie  atroug  motivoH  to  tuko  thorn  up.  On  tlio 
tidings  of  tiie  treaelicry  of  the  Ottawas  near  Catarocouy, 
the  assembly  convoked  by  thu  Governor  of  Albany  wi.s 
put  otr,  and  the  Hom^cas,  who  woro  alouo  aggriovod,  sent 
l)ack  Father  le  Vaillant  and  Joiicairo  io  Mr.  de  Vau- 
dreiiil  to  make  I  heir  comi)laiut8  to  him  on  this  vi.>lation  of 
the  treaty  of  peace.' 

This  ste|)  reassured  the  Govenior-Geucral.  Ho  prom- 
ised the  Seiieeas  complete  Hatihfaction,  and  wo  shall  soon 
Bee  that  ho  kept  his  word.  Tho  hostility  iu  question 
resulted  from  the  dissatisfaction  of  the  Ottawas  at  the 
establisjuiiont  of  Detrcnt,  and  tho  French  began  to  per- 
ceive ol)joetious  to  this  i)roject,  which  do  Callieros  had 
overlooked.  Many  iu  Canada  disapproved  it,  among  tho 
uumbor  Mr.  de  Vaudreuil.'  This  was  cnou;{h  to  lead 
them  not  to  supi)ort  it,  and  to  ascribi;  to  it  all  tlio  disor- 
ders and  accidents  which  might  happon  in  those  remote 
territories.   Iu  this  tho  General  did  not  reflect  that  a  thing 


1704. 


'nniluct  "t 

llic 
lriM|iiiiU 

nil    lli;lt 


Vlncclot  nnd  thi'  JcHuits,  while,  aa    quois  near  Fort  Catarocouy.     Slicl- 

lic  iiindehily  oxfi'ssos  it,  "(iod  liiul     don's  Micliiijtui,  p.  IILS. 


rui.iL'd  liim  up  lu  uuotlior  Motjos"  to 
piitlicr  tlic  ladlunK  at  Detroit.  11). 
p.  lis. 

'  Should  bo  Ottftwiw  apparently, 


'•'  Viiu  Iriiiil  uiii'  HeaulianiiiiB  to 
I'oiitrhaririiu,  Nov.  17,1701.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Hoc.  ix  .  ]).  7iil. 

'  Cailillai-  iu  liis  diatrilniH  accuses 


rufi'rriiifr  t.,i  tlio  nituck  ou  llu'  Iio-    Vaudreuil  ol'  iiitereuted  motives. 


166 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


'7<J4-      uuseasoaably  uudcrUikeii,  should  not  always  on  that  ac- 
"^  *  ""    couut  I  J  uugloctcd  or  abiiL'doued.' 

Mcauwhilo,  tho  Seuocas  seeming  as  well  disposed  as  wo 
have  soon,  do  Vaudrouil  .'ufornied  tliem  that  ho  should  li.'co 
to  have  them  attend  tho  meeting  at  Albany  to  provout  any 
resolution  being  adopted  against  Freneh  interests.  Ho 
had  also  made  sure  of  the  Onondagas ;  Mr.  do  Marieourt 
having  recently  died,  the  Baron  de  Longueuil,  his  older 
brother,  had  been  sent  to  that  canton,  and  was  successful  in 
his  negotiation.  He  was  still  there  with  Joucaire  aud 
Father  le  Vaillant  when  the  Governor  of  Albany  arrived. 
The  Council  was  held,  and  Schuiller  could  not  prevent 
our  three  Frenchmen  attending,  and  they  mau(t'uvred 
so  well,  that  tho  meeting  broke  up  without  coming  to  any 
conclusion.' 
New  iifforts      I'ho  Governor  of  Albany  was  not  disheartened,  and  on 

Ot  tlU!  _  •' 

(iovcniorof  liivj  retum,  meetiuL'  in  tho  Mohawk  canton  some  Iroquois 

AlliM.iiy  lo  "  '■ 

(inuv'ihc  from  Sault  St.  Louis,  he  induced  them  by  presents  to  fol- 
(Jiiristiiin*  low  him  to  Corlar  (Schenectau  ).     There  he  reproached 

to  New 

Voik.  them  with  being  the  sole  authors  of  the  var ;  he  thou 
otlered  them  lands  if  they  would  settle  within  his  jurisdic- 
tion, and  gave  them  a  belt  for  iheir  village,  and  two  others 
for  the  Mountain  and  Sault  au  Recollet  villages,  by  which 
he  exhorted  Lhem  at  least  to  remain  tranquil,  and  open  a 
fixed  trade  with  him.' 

These  belts  were  not  only  taken  by  the  Indians,  but 
were  accepted  by  tho  three  villages.  Mr.  de  Kamezaj', 
soon  informed  of  this,  saw  that  there  was  not  a  moment  to 
lose  to  prevent  the  results  of  this  negotiation.  Fortu- 
nately tho  chiefs  and  sachems  had  taken  no  part  in  it,  so 
that  he  had  no  dilHculty  in  getting  the  belts  sent  back  with- 
out an  answer.  He  even  induced  the  three  villages  to  raiso 
war-parties  against  the  Englisii.'' 

Shortly  before,  some  Abenaquis  having  allowed  them- 
selves to  be  surprised  by  the  English,  who  killed  several. 


'  I'eter  Scluiyk'r,  Direk  WpshcIs 
and  .Icilin  Si'liuylcr  nmtc  at  OiiDti 
diigii  bi'luicliiiic.    N.  V.MS.  I.,  |i.  ;Jli 


'  New  York  Col.  Mm:,  ix.,  p.  703 
'  New  York  Col.  P.k-  ,  iv.,  1 1(13,  ix., 
71)1 


mSTOUV  OF  NEW  FllANl'E. 


1G7 


applieil   to   Mr.  de   Va-idrcuil  for  aid,  and  that   General    1704. 
Bfcut  to  tlicm  the  Sieur  do  Montigny  witli  four  or  five  Can- 
adians.   Thoy  only  needed  reassuring,  and  Montigny  alone    gip„r  do 
suJHced  for  thin.     He  had  ;-ioon  assembled  fifty  warriors  of  ;x'i''('Iiifllm'^ 
that  nation,  and  i-utting  himself  at  their  head,  ho  went  out     "'-';;;;i''' 
to  meet  the  Engli;,li,  plundered  and  burned  a  fort  to  which    En<;ii.sh. 
a  number  had  retreated,  and  took  many  prisonora." 

Other  Abenaquis  finding  tliemselves  too  much  exposed 
to   the   incursions   of  tho   Bostonians,  and  m   danger   of  A!)cnn;|iiifl 

,  .     .  ,  .  I  T-l  1  BCUlc   lit 

starving,  being  out  of  reach  of  provisions  from  tlic  i'rciuh  Bekaiicumt 
settlements,  and  unable  to  obtiiin  any  more  from  the  Eng- 
lish, de  Vaudreuil  seized  tho  opportunity  to  execute  a  do- 
sign  which  ho  had  formed  immediately  after  the  Chevalier 
do  Calliores'  death.  Ho  proposed  to  th<ise  Indians;  to 
come  and  reside  in  the  colony,  and  thoy  consented.  They 
were  placed  on  the  River  Bekancourt,  where  they  still 
are.'  The  Governor-Genoral's  design  in  forming  this  set- 
tlement, was  to  oppose  a  barrier  to  the  Iroquois  in  case 
those  Indians  were  induced  by  the  English  to  renew  the 
wor,  or  even  prevent  their  taking  that  step,  and  the  sequel 
shows  that  he  judged  rightly.' 

In  reality  tlie  Cantons,  especially  the  Senecas,  did  not 
wish  to  infringe  the  ?aeutrality  thoy  had  vowed,  as  they 


'  He  took  2:1.  N  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,  p.  763.  Tlie  place  was  perhaps 
Lancaster,  where  quit>'  an  action  took 
place  July  31,  1704.  Ilalcliinwm's 
Massachusetts,  ii.,  p.  1.'}'. 

■>  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  Ix.,  p.  763. 
Hutchinson's  Massachuttetts,  ii.,  p. 
131.  The  Baron  de  I'ortneuf,  Seig- 
neur of  Bacancourt,  ctideil  a  tract  of 
land  for  tho  Alienaciui  village,  so 
long  a6  they  occupied  it,  to  the  In- 
dians wlio  had  come  from  the  niis- 
sion  of  Dnmisoliantik,  and  others 
will)  came  to  (,'aiiadii  at  tlie  request 
of  the  authorities  and  of  i'^iitlier  Se- 
bastian Kale,  tlieir  missionary.  See 
Act.  April  30,  1708,  in  .Maurault, 
llistoire  de.s  Alu'iiakis  ;)]>.  '2H5-'2-<^. 
Miiuiault  niake^  l)anriKoUantik  ideu- 
tiuil    wilh   wuj.1    Charlevoix    el*j- 


where  calls  Nnnsokantik,  Megantic 
Lake,  in  the  upper  watera  of  th.o 
Chaudiere.  But  Rale  mentions  an 
Abenaki  village  near  the  Kennebec, 
by  the  name  of  AnmessykUanti, 
which  Trumbull  supiMJses  to  be 
Meesucontee,  at  Farmingion  lulls, 
on  S;mdy  River,  Maine.  Composi- 
tior.  of  Indian  Uoograpliical  Names, 
p.  25  ;  and  this  place  answers  all  re- 
quirements, being  in  Rale's  niitsion 
district,  near  the  Kuglish,  and  near- 
er to  tlioKn^iicli  than  Xorridgewock. 
On  reachiiig  Becancourt  River  they 
settled  tirst  on  Montessnn  Island, 
and  after  some  clian^jes,  adopted 
their  present  site  in  ITo").  .Mau- 
rault. p.  t.".)->. 

•  New  York  Colonial  I)i>r,.,  ix,  p. 
705. 


168 


niSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1704. 


Policy  of 

thii 

Iioriuois. 

Advk'o 
K'lvi'ii  iiy 
the  Court 
upon  tliu 

Bubject. 


began  to  appreciate  its  advantages ;  bvit  it  was  seen  that 
the  latter  made  a  point  of  iuclndiug  the  English  also,  and 
making  themselves  mediators  between  us  and  the  lutlor. 
De  Vaudrenil,  who  had  soon  detected  their  design, 
informed  the  court,  and  received  as  his  answer,  that  if  he 
was  sure  of  conducting  the  war  succo-sfuUy,  witliout 
involving  the  King  in  extraordinary  expenses,  lie  must 
reject  the  propositions  of  the  Iroquois :  if  not,  that  he 
might  secure  a  neutrality  for  America ;  but  that  his  Ma- 
jesty's honor  required  that  his  Governor  and  Lieutenant- 
General  should  not  make  the  first  advance  ;  especially  that 
it  was  utterly  unbecoming  to  act  solely  through  the  media- 
tion of  the  Iroquois. 

The  minister  added,  that  the  most  seasonable  course  in 
his  opinion  was  to  direct  the  missionaries  to  make  the  In- 
dians understand  that  the  French  did  not  seek  to  disturb 
the  trauquilhty  of  the  country  :  that  although  they  were  in 
a  position  to  push  the  war  vigorously,  they  always  pre- 
ferred the  peace  of  Canada  to  all  the  advantages  they 
might  reap  from  the  superiority  of  their  arms,  and  that  if 
the  Cantons,  convinced  of  this  disposition  on  our  side, 
induced  the  English  to  solicit  neutrality  for  their  colonies, 
Mr.  de  Vaudreuil  might  listen  to  them,  but  that  he  should 
not  conclude  anything  without  receiving  the  King's  or- 
ders. 

It  was  generally  supposed  that  this  negotiation  would 
prove  ineffectual,  and  thei'e  was  no  surprise  when  its  fail- 
ure was  known.  But  the  esscMitial  point  was  to  humor  the 
Iroquois  mind,  by  showing  them  that  it  was  not  we  who 
were  seeking  to  break  tlio  peace,  and  here  success  was  aid- 
ed by  the  reparaticni  made  to  the  Cantons  for  the  insults 
received  from  the  Ottawas.  The  chief '  of  the  party  who 
had  attacked  tliem  near  Catax'ocouy,  passed  by  Detroit  on 
his  way  back  ti>  Michilituackinac  with  his  )n\.. oners,  and 
wished  to  induce  his  countrymen  settled  at  that  post  to  de- 
clare for  him :  he  was  even  so  insolent  as  to  parade  his 
victory  in  frort  of  the  fort,  l)ut  the  8ieur  de  Tonti,  who 


Compaui^  •.   N.  Y.  ('ol    Doc.,  ix.,  !>.  7G1. 


'T-    i 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FKANCE. 


169 


1704. 


oommandecl  there  in  the  aLscuco  of  do  la  Motto  Cadillac, 
shocked  at  thiB  bravado,  sent  the  Sicur  do  Viucennes 
with  twenty  soldiers  of  the  garrison,  with  orders  to  attack 
them  ;  which  he  did,  and  although  Detroit  Ottawas  to  the 
number  of  thirty  camo  up  to  sustain  their  tribesmen,  Vin- 
ceunes  attacked  them  so  gallantly  that  he  compelled  them 
to  take  flight  and  abandon  their  prisoners,  who  were  re- 
stored to  the  Senecas.' 

This  vigorous  action,  and  the  apparent  resolution  of  the 
Governor-General  to  treat  as  an  enemy  whoever  undertook 
to  disturb  the  public  peace,  disconcerted  all  the  English 
intrigues,  and  retained  in  then-  duty  such  of  the  Indians 
as  were  not  woU  disposed.  What  happened  at  the  samo 
time  in  Newfoundland  and  Acadia,  showed  all  these  na- 
tions that  tho  French  had  not  exaggerated  in  declaring 
that  they  were  in  a  position  to  push  the  war  against  the 
English  successfully. 

A  partisan  oificer  named  la  Grange,  a  man  of  ability  and  Expioitof  a 

1  1  1  »    1  French 

resolution,  an  able  navigator,  who  had  learaed  to  nght  at  partisan. 
Hudson's  Bay,  under  d'Ibervillo,  equipped  two  barks  at 
Quebec,  with  a  hundred  Canadians.  He  knew  that  ships 
of  war  had  arrived  at  Bonavista,  in  Newfoundland,  and 
be  went  there  m  hopes  of  surprising  one.  On  arriving 
within  twelve  leagues  of  that  port,  he  left  his  barks  to 
escape  observation,  and  kept  on  in  two  gigs,'  entered  the 
port  by  night,  boarded  a  24  gun  fi'igate  loaded  with  codfish, 
captured  it,  burned  two  storeships  of  two  to  three  hundred 
tons  each,  sank  another  small  frigate  and  sailed  off  with  his 
prize  and  a  great  number  of  prisoners." 

There  were  six  hundred  English  in  Fort  Bonavista,  who 
appeared  under  arms  next  morning,  but  it  was  too  late,  our 
gallant  fellows  were  already  under  sail,  and  in  no  fear  ot 
pursuit.  La  Orange  returned  to  Quebec,  sold  the  cargo 
of  his  frigate,  and  freighted  it  for   France ;  but   off  the 


'  t'anadn  Poc,  II.  x  ,  p.  410,  &c  burnc  1    liic  Society  ol  l'(.nl  ami   n 

N.  Y.  Col.  D(x;.,  ix.,  j).  701.  lesser  vessel  wiili  ;!()  tons  of  oil  ;  but 

'■'  Charoip.  says  tbat  Capt.  Uill  iu  his  11  gun 

•'  PeuUallow   haya  ho  took,  Aug.  sliip   was   not   nunk,  but  beat   tho 

18,  O.  S.,  tho  IVnibroke  Galley  and  French  off.     Indian   Wars,   p.   36. 


m 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1704. 


Thfl 

English 

attack  Port 

Koyiil. 


coast  of  that  country  ho  had  the  misfortune  to  be  attacked  ; 
bo  fouglit  with  a  bravery  that  would  have  ensured  success 
had  the  disparity  of  force  been  less,  and  his  defeat  was 
scarcely  less  honorable  to  him  than  liis  victory.  The  King 
accordingly  wished  to  secure  him  for  his  service  by  giving 
him  au  appointment  in  the  navy,  and  he  showed  himself 
till  death  worthy  of  the  honor. 

But  what  completely  convinced  the  Indians  of  the  supe- 
riority of  our  troops  over  the  English,  was  the  unsuccess 
fill  attempt  of  the  Bostoniaus  on  Port  Royal,  and  the 
wast  of  courage  they  displayed.  De  Brouillan,  Governor 
of  Acadia,  had  received  certain  intelligence  that  he  would 
be  attacked  ;  however,  instead  of  taking  precautions  as  he 
should, ho  thought  only  of  carrying  tiie  war  among  the  en- 
emy,' and  MToto  for  dr  Vaudreuil's  consent.  He  was 
accordingly  surprised.  At  sunrise,  on  the  second  of  July, 
men  came  to  announce  that  there  were  English  vessels  in 
the  basin  of  Port  lloyal ;  that  they  had  even  landed 
troops,  captured  the  guard  at  the  entrance,  consisting  of 
only  three  men,  and  taken  several  settlers. 

By  noon,  the  n  imber  of  the  enemy's  vessels  had 
increased  to  ten,  namely,  one  of  50  guns,  one  of  iiO,  the 
Boston  galley  of  12,  and  seven  brigautinos,  all  anchore " 
before  the  entrance  to  the  basin,  within  two  leagues  ot 
the  fort.  So  at  least  the  Marij^ ais  de  Y'.  adreuil  states  in 
a  letter  to  Mr.  de  Pontchartriiin  but  tlu*  Governor  of 
Acadia,  in  his  letter  to  tie  same  minister,  rers  that  the 
enemy  had  twenty-two  vessels,  aiid  tliat  the  flagship  car- 
ried 70  guns.  The  two  versions  may  be  reconciled  by 
adding  to  the  fleet  tJiat  besieged  Port  lloyal,  that  which 
had  stopped  at  the  Mines,  twenty-two  leagues  off,  and 
there  burned  soreral  houses.' 


>  When  he  knew  that  eighteen 
vessels  lay  at  St.  John  to  attack 
Placentiii  iiiid  Port  Hoyal,  ho  [.ro- 
posed  to  nttttck  Uonton.  lA-tter  Oct. 
4,   170:5.      Canada   Doc,  III.  ii.,   p. 

570. 

2  This  was  the  expedition  under 
Coi.  C  iurch.    He  had  550  soldiers  iu 


14  transiiorts,  and  had  30  whale 
boats  ;  he  was  convoyed  liy  the  Jer- 
sey, 48,  Capt.  Tlicjs.  Smith;  Gos- 
])ort,  ;i2,  Cupt.  Ueo.  Rogers,  and  the 
Province  Snow,  14  guns,  llutchin 
son,  ii.,  p.  liW;  Peuhallow,  p.  2.S, 
Church's  Indian  War,  ii.,  p.  104,  &c. 
They  arrived  off  Port  Royal  about 


U 


^ 


HISTORY  Of  NEW  FRANCE. 


171 


Mr.  de  Brouillau  was  iuformecl  of  tiiis  irruption  ou  tlio  '  704. 
4tli,  and  on  the  5th  he  learuod  that  tho  Enij;lish  had  sent  '-^f^' 
to  summon  all  the  inhabitants  of  Port  Royal  to  surroiidor, 
threatening,  in  case  they  refused,  to  give  no  ciuarter,  and 
they  announced  tluit  they  had  thirteen  hundred  men, 
besides  two  hundred  Indians.  The  Governor  had  no  sol- 
diers beyond  what  he  needed  to  hold  the  fort.  Ho  first 
notified  the  settlers  to  do  all  in  their  )iowor  to  prevent  any 
landing,  and  conceal  all  their  valuablts  in  the  woods. 
But. when  he  saw  that  tlie  fleet  did  not  approach,  he  sent 
several  detachments,  which  checked  tho  English  wherever 
they  appeared.  Ho  then  marched  in  person  to  support 
them,  yet  without  getting  too  far  from  his  fort,  wlu-nce  a 
watch  was  kept  on  the  enemy's  vessels.  Several  sharp 
actions  occurred,  in  one  of  which  the  English  lost  their 
lieutenant-colonel,  a  man  of  capacity  and  action,  and  the 
only  one  on  whom  they  could  depend  for  the  success  of 
their  enterprise. 

At  last,  after  several  feints  to  deceive  and  surprise  the  They  retire, 
settlers,  and  some  dashes  first  at  one  side,  then  at  another, 
tho  Admiral,  seeing  nothing  succeed,  re-embarked  all  his 
troops,  and  on  the  21st,  sailed  out  of  the  basin  with  his 
fleet.'  He  left  one  of  his  prisoners  on  shore,  advising  him 
to  tell  tho  settlers  that  if  they  chose  to  remain  neutral  he 
would  leave  them  in  peace.  He  also  gave  out  tliat  he  was 
going  to  tlie  Mines  to  complete  tho  ruin  of  that  district ; 
but  the  Governor  had  sent  rehcf  there,  which  fcn-ced  the 
English  to  carry  their  ravages  elsewhere,  and  tlicy  fell  on 
Ipiguit  Eiver.  On  the  22nd,  sixteen  more  English  ves- 
sels arrived  at  Beaubassiu,  under  cover  of  a  fog,  but  the 


July,  1T04.  This  expedition  is  one 
of  those  inhuniun  ami  sfHviifie  de- 
vf  stations  of  tlie  Fri  nch  settKiucnts 
wliidi  rnUed  in  the  total  di  strnction 
(f  the  Aendinus.  For  the  French 
uccoiint,  fee  Exiieditions  fnitiH  par 
les  Anglols  de  la  Nouvelli)  Angle- 
terrc  nu  Port  Royal,  nux  Mines  et  a 
Hcnuhnssin  de  I'Acadie.  Cauadn 
Doc,  III.  ii..pp.  (i4'--'i.52. 

'  There  iseems  to  have  heeu   no 


idea  of  attacking  Port  Itoyiil. 
Tliitclxinson,  ii.,  \>.  i:j'2.  Se..'  de 
cisiou  of  Council  of  War.  Churdi, 
ii.,  p.  117.  Clmrch's  Instructions 
dill  not  conteiii'ilate  it.  altliough  liR 
wished  it.  'I'lie  Ocploruble  State  of 
New  England,  ji.  '6'i,  attributes  this 
to  p(!rsoniil  views  of  Uovernor  Dud- 
ley, and  charges  that  much  of  the 
phindrr  went  to  him  instead  of  to 
the  voiunteers. 


173 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


Bmiii 
Mr. 


1  of 
do 

ll'in  ; 


Siilii'icivso 
Bucouucla. 

1705. 


1704,  pooplo  woro  on  their  guard,  ao  that  thoy  tliti  not  do  much 
linrm.'  Thus  tlio  whole  fruit  of  thia  expedition  waa 
reduced  to  capturing  fifty  prisoners  of  all  ages  and  sexes, 
and  a  very  trifling  booty,  far  from  enough  to  compensate 
the  Bostoners  for  the  cost  of  so  extensive  an  armament, 
and  still  loss  for  the  contempt  which  tlieir  lack  of  resoUitiou 
drew  on  thorn  from  all  the  Indians. 

Do  Brouillau  died  the  next  year,'  and  was  succeeded  by 
do  Huberease,'  who,  during  the  winter,  had  done  as  ranch 
harm  to  the  English  on  Newfoundland  as  the  New  Eng- 
landora  had  wished  to  do  to  the  Acadian  settlers,  although 
ho  missed  his  main  object.  Tiiis  extremely  active  and  vig- 
ilant oiHcer,  had  formed  the  same  design  that  d'Ibervillo  and 
do  lirouilhin  had  exeout(!d  to  a  considerable  extent  a  few 
years  before,  namely,  the  expulsion  of  the  English  from 
Newfoundland. 
Tiic  i.\tii  r's  ^^  proposed  it  to  the  Court,  who  accepted  it,  and  Mr. 
'"ur'Nc.Jv"'  '^''  l'Kp''>''i.y>  "*^li»  ^vas  to  take  the  King's  ship,  the  Wcsp,  to 
fouudlaiid.  Canada,  received  orders  to  take  Canadians  on  boai'd  at 
Quebec,  and  conduct  them  to  Placentia.'  He  in  fact  laud- 
ed a  hundred  there,  including  twelve  officers,  Montigny 
among  the  rest,  the  whole  commanded  by  Mr.  de  Beau- 
court.'  This  reinforcement  was  not  the  only  one  received 
by  Mr.  do  Subercase,  who  set  out  on  the  15th  of  January, 
1705 "  at  the  head  of  450  well-armed  men,  soldiers,  Cana- 
dians, privateersmen '  and  Indians,  all  determined  men,  ac- 
customed to  march  in  snow-shoes.  Each  man  carried  pro- 
visions for  twenty  days,  his  arms,  his  blanket  and  a  tent  to 
each  mess  in  turn." 


'  The  French  at  BoRubassin  or 
C'liignecto,  killi'd  ouo  and  wounded 
two,  betV)ro  rutiring  to  tlie  woods. 
C'hiircli's  ludian  WarH,  ii ,  p.  119 
Ipcguit  is  priibaldy  Ojbt^quid  Bay, 
tiniiiiuatiriL;  in  Salmon  Uivor. 

'  Se])t.  ^-i,  17l)>  at  tlu'  cntiancc  of 
C'hobouctou  Bay,  on  tlii^  Profond, 
('apt.  Cnuvct,  Hf  wa?-  buried  at  sea. 
His  heart,  interred  on  land,  was  dug 
up  by  thi' Eiiglisli.  De  Bonavi.'nturu 
!-Uee  I  led  ti  nijiorurily.  <  'an.  1).,  HI. 
ii.,  p.  (J.W.   Murdoch,  i.,pp.  ^bl,  WO. 


'  The  commission  of  Daniol  Au- 
ger de  Subercasee  is  given  in  part  in 
JetFerys,  Conduite  des  Frani/oif,  p. 
176.  Uis  authority  extended  from 
Cape  Hosier  to  the  Kennebec. 

*  He  arrived  at  I'lacontia,  Nov. 
15, 1704.   Canada  Doc.,  II.  xi.,  p.  2U0. 

^  Ante,  vol.  iv.,  pp.  217,  830 

^  Canada  Doc,  II.  xi.,  [>.  301. 

'  Flibiistiers. 

"  Canada  Doc,  III.  iv.,  p.  541 : 
givi'B  liiiu  iM  in  all.  Doiiglus,  Suui- 
nuiry,  i.,  p.  304,  550. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


173 


Tho  Rovorest  part  of  tlio  march  was  caused  by  uot  loss 
tliRJi  four  rivors  uot  yot  outiioly  frozeu  over,  that  had  to  bo 
waded  through  tho  lioating  ice,  which  tho  cuireut  hurried 
dowu  with  great  violence.  Besides  this,  there  was  such  a 
lieavy  fall  of  saow  on  the  uight  ot  tho  '22ud,  that  tho  army 
was  forced  to  halt  for  two  days,  duriug  which  a  violent  aud 
bitter  cold  wind  caused  great  sulloring.  Ou  the  20th 
they  resumed  their  march,  turned  towards  Ilebou,'  and 
at  noon  arrived  in  tho  midst  of  the  English  houses, 
where  all  the  people  fell  ou  their  knees,  begging  for  cpiarter. 

Here  the  army  found  considerable  provisions,  and  after 
resting  there  forty-eight  hours,  proceeded  to  encamp  Hi  roe 
leagues  from  Petty  Harbor,  another  English  post  only 
throe  leagues  from  St.  John.  They  entered  it  tho  next 
day,  and  leaving  forty  men  to  guard  the  prisoners  taken  at 
Eebou,  marched  forward,  on  tho  31st.  Tho  English  at  St. 
John  were  ignoriiut  of  the  proximity  of  tho  French,  and  per- 
haps of  their  departure  from  Placoutia,  but  tho  want  of  or- 
der observed  in  leaving  Potty  Harbor  and  tho  neglect  to 
roconuoitre  St.  Johu  well,  deprived  tho  army  of  all  tho  ad- 
vantage of  surprising  it." 

There  were  then  at  St.  Johu  two  forts,  one  much  larger 
than  the  other.  Thuy  began  by  the  former,  which  was  well 
defended,  the  English  keeping  upon  the  besiegers  a  con- 
stant fire  of  bombs  and  cannon-balls,  which  the  French 
stood  with  all  possible  intrepidity.  Nevertheless  wo  had 
only  fifteen  men  killed  or  wounded ;  the  Chevalier  do  Lo, 
ensign,  was  among  those  killed.'  Want  of  ammunition  at 
last  forced  our  men  to  raise  the  siege,  a  part  of  the  pow- 
der brought  from  Plaoentia  having  been  wet  in  crossing 
the  rivers :  but  they  did  not  draw  oJ'  till  they  had  laid  in 
ashes  every  house  around  the  harbor.' 


1705. 


'  Evidently  a  inisi)rint  for  Bebou. 
The  (lociiiUL'iu  in  CuhriIu  Doc,  II. 
xi..  ]i.  'JUl,  has  13('boullc,  Hliowiiig  it 
is  auotlior  Froiich  attunipt  at  Uay 
ol'  Bulls,   f'-m  III.  iv.,  p.  oii. 

''  Thu  town  of  St.  John's  was 
talvou  antl  tho  Fruucli  uccn[  iod  the 


houses.  Canada  Doc,  III.  iv.,  p. 
544.  I'edley,  History  of  Newfound- 
land, |>,  4:i. 

'  A  Ufplu^w  of  dn  Subercu.se.  lb. 
II.  xi.,  p.  :J01. 

•■  Canada  Doc,  II,  xi,,  pp.  :i97- 
yO'.^,   Ill,  iv,,  p.  :>•>». 


m 


UlSTOHY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


Sf 


'  705.  Ou  tlio  ftth  of  March,  tbo  iiriiiy  Jt)ciimi)0(l  aiul  inarchod 

"^'  ^'  aloiif,'  tho  hIkho  to  Forillou  (Forr^liiiul),  wlioro  the  iiihabi- 
tautH  at  first  uiailo  a  show  of  dcfouco,  but  tbcy  hoou 
chauj^od  tbnir  luimbs  aiul  siurouilorud  aa  prisoners  of  war. 
Tho  town  was  buriiod,'  after  which  Moutigiiy,  who  hail 
broiiLjht  his  faitliful  Nescamliiouit  ou  this  expoditiou,  wua 
dotacheil  with  llio  Indians  and  a  part  of  tlio  Canadians 
to  go  in  tho  direction  of  (Jarbonniero  and  Bonavista,  with 
orders  to  burn  and  destroy  all  the  coast,  which  ho  executed 
witliout  losing  a  single  man,  so  great  was  tho  terror  among 
the  English. 

His  very  name  made  tho  arms  fall  from  the  hands  of  tho 
most  resolute,  and  gave  him  a  number  of  prisoners  whom 
he  had  only  the  trouble  of  binding.  But  he  had  to  reserve 
Carboiiniero  Island  for  another  timt\  It  held  three  hun- 
dred men,  and  was,  as  I  have  stated,  inaccessible  in  winter. 
Every  other  place  was  carried  or  submitted ;  Messrs.  do 
Linctot,  do  Villodonuo  and  do  Belotre,'  thoroughly  sup- 
ported Muntigny,  and  Nescambiouit,  as  usual,  distinguished 
himself.  In  dne,  this  campaign  completely  ruined  tho  Eng- 
lish trade  in  Newfoundland.' 
S"!"m'"i  "'  '^^^^y  ^"^^^  been  somewhat  compensated  tho  preceding 
of  cjiuiHc  autumn,  by  tho  capture  of  the  Seine,  a  largo  royal  storo- 
Bhip.  ship,  ivhich  was  brmgiug  to  Quebec,  Mr.  de  St.  Valior,  its 
bishop,  a  great  many  ecclesiastics,  several  of  tho  richest 
settlers,  and  a  cargo  estimated  at  nearly  a  million  livros.* 
The  Chevalier  do  Meanpou,  who  commanded  this  ship, 
discerning  some  vessels  at  a  distance  that  appeared  to  him 
to  be  barks,  gave  chaso  and  was  soon  surprised  to  see  him- 
self in  the  midst  of  tho  Virginia  fleet,  comprising  one  hun- 
dred and  fifty  sails,  escorted  by  four  men-of-war. 

It  was  now  oiit  of  his  power  to  avoid  an  action,  being  to 
leeward  of  the  enemy,  and  for  ten  hours  he  maintained  tho 


'  C'RUiKia  Doc.,  II.  xi.,  i'.  a03.  III. 
iv.,  p.  r,-iS. 

'  Belestre  is  his  si)i;nature. 

'■'  Costt'bellu  to  tlu!  .Minister,  Nov. 
1.  lTO"i.  C'aniula  I>oc.,  III.  iv.,  p. 
654  ;  II.  xi.,  pp.  30a-4.    St.  John's 


was  completely  isolatod  till  the  sum- 
mer of  1701).  Podley's  Newfound 
land,  p.  -13. 

*  It  wiiB  soiil  at  iondon  for 
I.:i00,0001ivre8.  Juchereau,  Histoirn 
do  I'llotel  Dieu,  p.  417. 


IIISTOKY  OP  NKW  FKANCR. 


17G 


figlif  witli  a  bravery  and  intropidity  tliat  has  fow  (>xiim-  lyoS- 
])loH.  lliH  crow  and  passonf^prs  Hiipportnd  him  rcrnarkiilily  '-— y— ' 
wi'll,  tlicir  nuiHlu't-firc  killiuj^'  nmny  of  tlu^  Mii^^HHh,  imd  what 
iH  ,sin;^Miliir,  only  oni*  ni.iii  was  killed  on  \\\o  Frciicli  sliip. 
Tho  Chtwalior  do  JMoaupon'H  roHistanco  wouUl  indoiul  havo 
boon  nnioli  longer,  had  ho  not  out  of  (fonrtcHy  for  his  pas- 
flei\f,'or,s  forl)orii((  to  cast  overlioard  tho  l)ii,g^a^(!  that 
blocked  uj)  hi.s  giinH,  only  a  small  nunibur  of  which  could 
bo  employed.' 

Now  Franco  'op'-  "  "^  this  loss,  and  Mr.  do  St.  Valier 
remained  ei^  ..„in  a  priwonor  in  England,  tho  Qu<  i^u  of 
Great  Britain  demanding,  for  his  release,  that  the  King  of 
Franco  should  set  at  libeiiy  the  Prevot  of  Liege,'  then  a 
prisoner  of  tho  Elector  of  Cologne,  his  sovereign,  who  had 
strong  reasons  for  retaining  hini."  However,  the  capture  of 
the  Seine  brought  one  real  benelit  to  Canada.  No  ono 
had  yet  thought  of  making  linen  there ;  necessity  opened 
their  eyes  to  this  negligence ;  hemp  and  flax  were  sowed 
which  succeeded  beyond  expectation,  and  were  used. 

'During  this  year,  1705,  and  the  next,  there  was  a  good    N«^Koti»- 
deal  of  parleying  between  the  Marquis  do  Vaudrouil  and  ''"x"!!!!!!"!"!?"" 
Dudley,  Govornor-Oenoral  of  New  England,  for  an  ex-  pri^o'ir*. 
change  of  prisoners.     Tho  English  general  made  tho  first 
advances,  and  sent  ono  Livingston'  to  Quebec,  who,  ac- 
cording to  the  custom  of  his  nation,  began  by  complaining 
loudly  of  the  cruelties  wreaked  by  our  Indians  on  the 
English.     It   was  easy  to  answer  him,  and  he   was   an- 


'  Ledinrd,  Naval  History,  II. 

'  'I'lio  Baron  Je  Wenn.  Doyon  do 
Liefjf.  Tho  ('liai)trr  of  Lli'go  was 
composed  of  priuct's  nnd  sovereigns. 
'J'he  Baron  wiiv  soized  in  liis  choir 
dress  as  he  left  tho  church,  by  Louis 
XIV.,  on  a  charge  of  correspondence 
with  the  Emperor  of  Oermiiny. 
Juclieroau,  Histoiru  de  I'llotei  Dieu, 
p.  418. 

^  The  bishop  went  to  Franco  in 
nuO,  p.nd  was  captured  St.  Anne's 
day.  See,  ae  to  his  capture,  Juche- 
reau,  pp.  414-411). 


*  Philip  Livingston,  8nd  proprie- 
tor  of  tlio  manor,  born  at  Albany  in 
l()8(i.  His  uncle.  Col.  Vetch,  was  sent 
witli  W.  Dudley  to  Canada  by  tlie 
government  of  Massachusetts  Bay, 
and  he  merely  accompanied  tliein. 
Hutchinson,  11.  p.  141.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  vi.,  p.  (iO,  ix.,  i>p.  770, 770.  Ho 
Served  agiiinst  Port  noyal  in  1710, 
and  was  tlieii  sent  to  Quebec.  Ac- 
coriling  to  Dr.  O'Calhiglian,  lie  died 
in  February,  1749 ;  tlioufjii  it  is  an- 
nounced in  a  diary.  February  19, 
1730.    Hist.  Mag.,  II.  iv.,  p.  137. 


^  \r  ^. 


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176 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


1705-     swerod.     Ho  then  spoko  of  buHiuoss,  and  de  Vaudreoil 
-^  -r  ^'  told  him  that  lio  did  not  refuse  to  treat  with  his  mas- 
tor,  but  that  ho  would  lay  his  conditions  before  him  by  one 
of  his  oflicors.' 

Ho  selected  for  this  purpose,  tho  Siour  de  Courto- 
mancho,  who  accompanied  tho  English  envoy  to  Boston, 
and  the  first  of  these  conditions  was  that  no  English  pris- 
oner sliould  be  restored,  till  all  the  French  and  Indian 
allies  ol"  the  French  who  wore  in  New  England  prisons, 
had  boon  placed  in  the  hands  of  the  Governor  of  Acadia, 
and  security  given  for  the  liberation  of  those  trans- 
ported to  Europe  or  tho  Wost  Indies.  I  cannot  ascertain 
what  tho  other  conditions  wore.  To  all  appearance  Dud- 
ley had  no  intention  of  concluding  matters ;  he  prolonged 
tho  negotiation  and  at  last  declared  that  lie  could  decide 
nothing  without  the  consent  of  the  Governors  of  the  Eng- 
lish colonies,  and  do  Yaudi  '3uil  determined  to  recommence 
hostilities  in  New  England.  Men  were  somewhat  sur- 
prised that  he  should  bo  tho  last  to  see  what  was  apparent 
to  all,  that  their  only  object  had  been  to  delude  him.  He 
was  especially  blamed  for  permitting  the  son  of  the  English 
General  to  remain  some  time  at  Quebec  under  pretext  of 
concluding  the  treaty,  and  a  brigantino  of  the -same  nation 
to  ascend  and  descend  the  St.  Lawrence.  As  I  arrived  about 
this  very  time  at  Quebec,  I  heard  many  officers  murmur  at 
his  thus  giving  the  English  leisure  to  study  the  more  diffi- 
cult points  on  tho  river,  and  so  depriving  New  Franco  of 
what  constituted  its  principal  strength.  Some  even  as- 
sured me,  that  they  had  surprised  persons  in  tho  suite 
of  the  younger  Dudley  observing  and  measuring  the  fortifi- 
cations of  Quebec* 


'  Beauharnnig  returnf<i  to  France 
iu  1705  on  tlin  iicros,  ami  was  «uc- 
ccinlcd  UH  luti'tiiliviit,  l)y  Haiiiiot. 
JuchiTfuii,  Ilistoirc  ilc  I'llotul  Dit'U, 
p.  4'.'1.  ¥AitH  ft  Oi'donnanc<>ii,  (Coni- 
iniMsion.Jun.  I,  1705,)  iii,  |).  (10,  The 
Hoiuinary  was  again  bunifd  this 
same  year. 


'  This  wttB  OIK)  of  Vetch's  scliempt 
to  stiiily  tiie  St.  Ijftwrence,  but  not 
hirt  li'.-ii,  M'<'  onle  p.  155.  O'Calla- 
(ilian's  Colonial  'rriirtB,  I.  Voyage 
of  tho  Sloop  Mary,  1701,  p.  xiv. 
On  tlUH  occaHion  ho  boanteil  that  hu 
knew  the  river  lx!ttt>r  than  the  jieo- 
pie  living  there. 


BOOK  XIX. 


BOOK  XIX. 


1705. 


MoNsiErn  de  Vaudreuil,  still  coatiimcil  to  leave  New 
York  uudisturbocl  so  as  to  troiiciliato  the  Irociiiois,  and  be- 
cause it  was  not  pnulont  to  bring  tho  military  oporatious 
near  those  Imliaus.  Tlicir  tlispiito  with  the  Ottawas  was 
uot  yet  settled,  for  thouf^h  tlu;ir  prisoners  taken  at  Cataro- 
couy  had  been  rostoretl,  they  insisted  upon  a  rei)aration 
for  thoHt)  killed.  This  was  uot  easy  to  obtain,  and  it  was 
feared  that  they  miyht  at  any  moment  take  up  arms, 
and  to  this  tne  Governor  of  Albany  incessantly  urged 
them. 

Tins  Ottawas  on  their  side  would  no  longer  hear  of 
l)eace  with  them ;  all  the  young  men  clamored  for  war, 
and  were  in  a  position  to  carry  the  decision  in  the  coun- 
cils. Fear  of  seeing  a  conlir.gration  re-kindled,  that  had  iroijuoU. 
cost  HO  much  to  extinguish,  induced  the  General  to  dis- 
patch Mr.  do  Louvigny  to  Michilimackinac,  and  that  offi- 
cer at  last  succeeded,  though  with  great  difficulty,  in  bring- 
ing the  Ottawas  to  reason.  He  had  some  Iroquois  pris- 
oners, whom  he  still  found  at  that  post,  delivered  to  him, 
and  himself  took  them  to  Montreal.'  On  presenting  them 
to  de  Vuudreuil,  ho  told  him  that  the  head  chiefs  of  the 
Ottawas  were  close  behind  him  ;  this  induced  that  General 
to  summon  the  Iroquois  chiefs  to  meet  them  and  receive 
their  prisoners. 

Tlioy  reached  Montreal  early  in  August,  and  remained 
there  till  the  14th,  but  the  Ottawas  did  not  appear,  and 


Do 

Viinilrciill 
rccDiicllfS 

the- 
Ollawii* 

iird 


i    i 


'  La  Motto  Cadilliic,  In  \m  own    da,  i^Wea  liiH  vi'rnion  of  thia  wliole 
e}i.'ti  till!  only  bouctst  iiiun  in  Cuua-     mutter.    Shcldou  it  Michigan,  p.  «00. 


180 


mSTOHY  OF  NEW  PHANCB. 


^7^5-  tlio  MnrquiH  de  Viiiulrt'uil,  uuhIjIo  to  njtniii  them  any 
lolled-,  (lisiuiHHud  tluuii.  Tiu-y  Itiid  luiiilo  imu-h  ftccount  of 
their  ilcfoidiico  in  wiiitiiif^  ho  hmg  for  jiiHtico  from  tlio  Ot- 
tiiwiis,  luitl  liiid  i)rcHS('(l  liim  strongly  to  (Iccliiro  nguiuut 
tliwHo  Iniliims,  who  hml  th-Ht  (hirctl  to  violate  the  treaty  of 
l)eiicu ;  but  ho  kIiowcmI  thcni  that  ho  was  not  obliged  by 
virtue  of  that  treaty  to  join  his  arms  to  thoHo  of  the  ag- 
grieved party,  until  he  despaired  of  obtaining  from  the 
oflfonderH  a  KufHciont  satisfaction  ;  that  ho  had  not  yet  let 
the  matter  sleep,  that  ho  had  already  recovered  all  tho 
prisoners,  and  expected  that  the  aggressors  would  do  the 
rest.' 

This  seeni«)d  to  api)oaHo  thonj,  and  thoy  had  already  em- 
barked for  home,  when  tho  Sieur  do  Viueounes  arrived 
from  Michilimackiuac.  He  told  tho  Govornor-Oonoral 
that  he  had  come  with  tho  chiefs  of  tlie  Ottawas,  and  that 
ho  had  left  them  quite  near  tho  island,  as  they  had  begged 
him  to  go  on  in  advance,  to  learu  whether  their  Father 
would  admit  them  to  his  presence.  De  Vaudreuil  sent 
back  to  toll  them  that  they  might  come,  and  recalled  the 
Iroquois. 

The  Ottawas  appeared  iu  astateof  liumiliaticm,  which  at 
once  i)roclaimod  that  thoy  did  not  pretend  to  excuse  their 
fault.  "  Father,"  said  the  chief  who  acted  as  spokesman, 
"  wo  confess  that  iu  striking  tho  Inxjuois  on  thy  mat, 
(that  is  to  say.  On  thy  territory,)  our  blows  in  some  .sort 
have  been  directed  at  thee ;  pardon  mad  men,  who  have  no 
longer  any  counsel,  because  all  their  ancients  are  dead. 
Thou  mayst  take  such  vengeance  on  us  as  thou  wilt ;  but  if 
thou  deign  to  sjjaro  us,  thou  shalt  have  no  reason  to 
repent.  As  long  as  we  live,  we  shall  not  cease  to  show 
thee  our  gratitude,  and  from  this  moment  we  are  ready 
to  make  tiiose  whom  wo  have  aggrieved,  all  the  satisfaction 
thou  slialt  see  tit  to  impose  on  us." 

He  then  addressed  tho  Iroquois  who  were  present,  and 
spoke  in  such  a  way  as  to  touch  them.  After  this  tho 
General  had  no  ditHculty  in  reconciling  tliem.    Ho  ordered 


'  CWI'urtna-,  lUtli  Aug.  1705.  N.  Y.  (;ol.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  707. 


iriSTOUY  OK  NKW  FKANCE. 


181 


tho  Ottiiwas  to   rt']iliic(i  tin)   doiul,  wliirli  they  promist'd.      1705. 
Thoy  uvt'U  boKiiii  '>}■  iiuikiu^'somo  presi'iits  to  tin;  Iroiiuois;  -■— y— ' 
till)  Ooiuiiiil  iilrto  miulo  soiiu',  thou  rcyuloil  both,  aud  thoy 
all  nstuniod  (|uitu  HiitiHtiisd. 

This  siiiiio  3(;iir,'  Mr.  do  Ik'iiuhariiois,  wlio  Inid  sncceed- 
ed  do  Chiiiiiiii^ny  iis  liitfiulniit  of  Can  ida,*  was  aj>|*uiuted 
IntcUilaiit  of  tho  ClaHHOH  of  tho  Navy,  and  was  sucoi.odod 
by  tho  MosniourH  Kaudot,  father  and  son.  Tho  lattor, 
who  had  already  fillod  tho  ollico  of  C'oniniissairo  Ordouuu- 
toiiv  at  Dunkirk,  took  ohar^'o  of  naval  atl'.iirs ;  jiMtioo,  po- 
licL,  tiuancos  and  (^cmral  atl'airs  woro  allottid  to  the 
father,  who,  seeing  at  once  that  the  colunists  were  begin- 
ning to  niiu  thomsolvoa  by  litigation,  to  the  great  de- 
triment of  agricultiiro,  resolved  to  rotrouch  lawsuits  as 
much  as  ])ossibi(',  and  undertook  in  person  to  arltitrate 
between  i)artio«,  and  sueciM'dod  beyond  his  exp»H;tationH.' 

Tho   next   year  ho  proposed  to  thp  King's  Council   to  Project  for 
permit  tho  inhabitants,  who  since  the  loss  of  the  Seine,   tii"  n"if 
liad  begun,  as  we  luivo  already  said,  to  cultivate  llux  iind     pe«)plc 
hemp,  to  use  them  in  the  country  where  Frencli  linens  wero 
so  dear  that  tho  less  wealthy,  who  formed  the  majority, 
could  not  aflord  them,  any  more  than  clolhs,  tho  couso- 
queiico  being  that  most  of  them  were  nearly  naked.' 

The  minister's  reply  was  that  tho  King  was  charmed  to 
loaru  that  his  Canada  subjects  at  last  saw  their  error  in 


'  Now  Gii^rltind  at  lost  Folicitcd 
m-utiality,  iiii'l  11  proixwcd  trcnty  nc- 
gotiatcil  tlirouuli  Vetch,  cuin  hi- 
I'.iund,  N.  Y.  Col.  l).)c.,  ix  ,  \>  770-',', 
Oct.  170.'».  Viiiidriiiil  did  iiol  liow 
tvi T  liiilieve  Dudley  siinere.  lb.  p. 
770.  Tilt)  FnMK'h  Kinjj  authorized 
it,  p.  77!t,  hut  Ilutcliin.ion,  (ii.,  p. 
141.)  ivdniitHtliHt  tlir  Ueiierul  Court 
did  not  take  iiny  Hieps  towardH 
etrertiiiff  it.  Ni'\y  KiijrlHiid,  there- 
fore,  eniliired  Indian  hostllltieB  vol 
isiniirily,  huiiyeil  up  by  the  hope  of 
ndiiciiig  Cuuada. 

J?<'uiiliiiriiiii8'  coninussion,  April 
1,  KtJ'J.     Edit.1  et  Ordon.,  iii  ,  p.  00 


'  Commission  of  Kaudot,  Si-.,  Jan. 
1,  170.').  lb  p.  til*;  of  Uaiiilot,  ,?r.,  in 
llic  ab:4enre  i-r  default  of  liaudot 
Sr.,  p.  r,-i.  They  arriveil.  Sept.  (J, 
ITO."),  in  the  Ili'ros,  Cointe  d'Ar- 
Kuian.  .hirhereiui.  Hist  de  I'llutel 
Pieu,  p,  421.  Tlie  Siiuiuary  at 
yuelx-o  was  destroyed  by  lir(\  Oct. 
1  Caniiila  !><«.,  II.  x.,  p.  4S0. 
.Vbeille,  I.  No  7.  For  Itjuidot'g 
views,  see.  Ix>tters.  Canada  I'(k',.,  x., 
pji.  ■'il.'i.  •'il'i.  A'*  to  litiffntion  Mo- 
tuoirs  of  Uauteuil.  III.  xi.,  pp.  1-32. 

*  Haudot  to  the  Mini.ster.  Oct.  19, 
170.>.  Cauaila  IKK.'uininr.<,  II.  x.,  p. 
.515. 


Tho 

OttavraM 

rt'lMiriiliun 

III  the 
IriMjuuiil. 


UWI'OKY  OF  NKW  l-UAN(B. 

(K)V(ttiiif,'  tlu>niH(>lvcH  cxcliiHivcly  to  tin'  fur  trndn,  and  were 
turning'  sciinusly  to  tlit*  cultiviitioii  of  tlxar  IiukIm,  mid  «>h- 
pciMiill)'  to  pliiiitiii^  tlax  and  hciii]) ;  tliiil  IiIh  Miiji'.sty 
lio])(>d  timt  tlifV  would  hooii  Huccood  in  Ixiildiii^  vckh<<1h 
clu*u|H>r  tliiiu  ill  l''riiii('«',  and  in  tHtulilisliiiig  ^ood  lisliin^ 
Ktatioiis;  thai  Ihm  luiicli  could  not  Im-  doiio  to  iiicito  tin  in 
to  it,  or  facilitiiti'  tin'  means  of  their  doin^  ho;  lint  that  it 
wiiH  not  expedient  for  tho  Kingdom  that  nianufaetuieH 
should  lie  can-ieil  on  in  America  ;  as  tluH  could  not  bo  per- 
initti'd  without  soino  ]irejndico  to  thoso  of  Franco ;  that 
nuvertholeHH  ho  did  not  alisolutely  forbid  the  t'Htablish- 
mont  of  Home  for  Iho  relief  of  tho  poor.  In  fact  ad- 
vanta({o  was  takun  of  this  pcrinisHion  to  niako  linouit 
and  diugf^ets,  from  which  tho  colony  dt'riveil  great  benefit.' 

I^Icainvhilo  the  Ottawas  showud  no  hast(<  in  fnltilliuK  tho 
conditions  on  which  tluty  had  obtained  pardon  from  tho 
Maniuis  do  Vaudrouil.  On  tho  otlior  liaml,  tho  missioua* 
ries  at  Michiliniackinac,  after  burning'  their  houHO,  had 
come  down  to  Quebec,  the  licentiousness  of  tho  bushlo- 
pers,  more  unbridled  than  ever,  depriving;  them  of  all  hope 
of  doing  any  goo<l  in  that  jilace,  where,  since  the  depart- 
ure of  the  HuroiiH  for  Detroit,  they  had  not  n  singlu 
Christian  left,  so  that  the  Ottawas,  abandoned  to  them- 
selvi's,  followed  only  their  cajuice.' 

The  embarrassment  into  which  this  incident  throw  tho 
Oovernor-Cieneral,  was  greatly  increased  by  tLo  informa- 
tion given  him  that  tlm  Iro(jiiois,  incensed  at  the  delay  in 
the  reparation  promised  by  the  Ottawas,  sorionsly  thought 
of  declaring  w.ir  against  tluim.  It  was  of  tho  greatest 
cousefiuence  to  ]>revent  this,  and  do  Vaudrouil  at  ouco 
dispatched  Joncairo  to  renew  to  tho  Cantons  his  solemn 
promise  of  a  prompt  and  entire  satisfaction.  He  then 
persuaded   Father   Marest   to   return   to  his   mission   nt 


'  'I'lio  Iluhpitiil  r>rii:licrH  nt   Mon-         ■  I,a  .Moltc;   Caclilliic   uhc.1   cvi-ry 

iri'iil   wiTi-    iii-ihi'   ill   tlii.4  mattiT.  ni'lruvor  to  ilrnw  lUo  liidiiwis  Iniiii 

Ciiimilu  D>j('..  II.  X.,  |>  410;  miii  MU'  tliix  |K>st  to  Dctruit,  with  a  viuw  of 

daino  lie  I{i'i)<'iiti(rny  wovr  luMllou,  Fr'iu'liifyiu',' tlnin.    Ixitter  to  I'oiil- 

wliito  wuod  bark  iS:r.   I'itIiiikI,  ii.,  jn  clmrtriiiii,   Aiij;.  lil,   1703,   in   Slicl- 

;W5.  dou'u  Micliigaii,  \>i<.  101,  i  r,',  \W. 


lllSTt)KV  hK  NKW  rU.\N<'K 


188 


Micliilimackiim.',  l>l<'<l«iii^'  Iiis  word  t<.  ivniov  tl,<«  f^rouiid      i7ofi. 

j>f  liiH  (••(iniiliiiiit  ;  li<:  Hciit  Mr.  do  liimviKiiv  with  liiiii,  iiud        ^"^ 

till')-  two,  l.y  tlu'  iiitliiiiu'.'  tluy  possessed  ovn-  tlic  Ottiiwa 

mind,  lit  Imt  l.ioiif^hl  tlios«-  IiidiiiiiH  to  fiiltill  nil  tliut  thoy 

hud  protiiiHt'd  the  InKjuois.' 

TliiH  iilVair  was  s<'iircilv  en  1( d  wlicii  (mother,  still  iiioro  ii.,i.tilitv  of 

.1.1  -1  1    !•  t  ""■  Mliiml* 

vcxatiouH,  iirost!,  mid  Imt  for  the  wisiloiii  and  luiiuuss  ol  n|r,,i„H  ii,o 

till!  tlov<rnor-(ii  lu-ral,  it  would  have  involved  uh  in  a  war      "■"'*'* 

nj^ainHt  our  own  allioH,  and  i)erha|is  placed  us  in  the  cruel 

iH'ccHKity  of  destroying'  a  nation  which  had  hitherto  luen 

most  c()n:^tl•.Iltly  attached  to  our  interests,  and  alVorded  tiio 

English    liie  -greatest  facility  for  onco   more  turuin<;   the 

arms  of  thti  Irotiuois  a^aiuHt  us.     The  occasion  was  tliis  : 

Some  Mianiis  had  killed  some  Ottawas,  I  know  not  for 
what,  and  their  sachems,  from  whom  the  Ottawa  ni  tiim 
denuinded  reparation,  merely  replied  that  the  thiuj,'  had 
bupponod  throuj,di  imidverteuco.  Somo  timo  afterwards, 
an  Ottawa,  lii^,ddy  esteemed  in  his  nation,  was  also  killed 
by  a  Miami.  A;^ain  demandiii},' justice,  they  received  tho 
8umo  reply.  Tlui  Ottawas,  stung  to  the  quick,  applie. 
do  la  Motto  Cadillac,  who  commanded  at  Detroit,  whoro 
thoro  was  a  Miami,  an  Ottawa  and  a  Uuron  village  ;  that 
olliccr  replied  that  lie  would  iuiiuire  iuto  tho  circumstaucoa 
and  Bee  justici;  done.' 

A   few   days  aft«)r,  ho  sot  out  'or  Quebec,*  and  taking       The 
leave  of  tho  Ottawas  ho  told  them,  that  as  long  as  they      tako 
saw  his  wife  at  Detroit,  they  should  remain  (juiot ;    hut      m  tim 
that  if  she  loft,  ho  could  not  answer  for  what  might  eiisuo. 
At  the  end  of  two  mouths,  Madame  do  la  Mottu  Cadillac 
embarked  to  join  her  husband  in  (juubec,  and  then  the 
Commaudaut's  last  words  to  tho  Ottawas,  coupled  w  ith  ids 
leavin,^  them  without  bringing  the  Miamis  to  jiistic»%  raised 
fears  that  tin*  French  had  resolved  to  ruia  th»  m  in  punish- 
ment for  what  they  had  done  to  the  Iroquois  at  Cataro- 

'  Vuudrpuil  to  I'DiitchartruiD,  April  he  settled  the  affair  and  restored 

•JM,  ITlMl.     N.  Y.  ('(.I.  DiH-.,  is.,  p.  775.  peacf. 

riri'   Ijh   Motii'  ill  Slu'lUoii  s   Michi-        ■■  He  Mtu'tcd  for  Dt^truit  early  in 

(fHii,  p    r.t;l.  th'juutumnof  170t. 

-'  Ixi  .Mutlu  Cudilluc,  lb.  p.  100.  8a>-a 


IHt 


IIISTOHV  OF  M;\V  rUANt'E. 


1706. 


liHlUcri"- 

lloll  III  Iw 

ullk'wrn. 


cony;  f«>r  iiUlioii^h  tlicy  Imil  npiuroil  timt  fnult,  Htill,  nn 
liiiliiiiis  lu'Vcr  |iiii(l(iii  very  siiifcn'ly,  tlicy  nlwiiys  iiiistnmt 
the  siiifcrily  nf  a  imnlon  from  tlmso  tliry  liuvi-  n^jj^'iii'vi'd. 

At  tliis  juncture,  nu  oilieer  iiaiued  ISoui't^'iuoiit,  arrived  at 
,  Detroit  to  relievo  the  Hieur  tie  Tout!,  whom  Mr.  <le  la 
iSlotte  Cadillac  had  left  in  his  jilaee  as  Commaiidaiit. 
Tlie  liidiaiiH,  p>iii^'  to  M.ilute  hitn,  aeeordin^  to  custom, 
asked  liiui  whether  he  did  not  liriiij^  any  news  to  interest 
them,  and  liu  told  them,  with  quito  an  an^ry  nir,  that  ho 
know  none  except  thiit  Mr.  do  la  Motte  wimld  return  tho 
next  sprinf^  well  attended. 

Tiiis  reply,  iiiul  still  more  the  tone  nnd  manner  in  which 
it  was  made,  set  the  Ottawas,  in  particular,  tliinkin[^', 
cspecinlly  its  nothing  was  naid  of  tho  MiauiiH.  A  word 
that  escaped  Mr.  de  Tonfi  when  these  very  Indians  ex- 
pressed their  re^^ret  at  losing  him,  increased  their  di.s(|uii't. 
He  told  them  that  tli«<  earth  must  bo  overset,  when  lu<  was 
recalled,  to  put  a  soldier  in  liin  place.'  Their  retlectious  on 
this  completely  persuaded  them  that  some  design  was 
formed  against  them,  and  they  nnido  no  secret  of  their 
fear. 

Hourgmont,  warned  of  it,  assembled  them,  and,  after 
telling  them  whateM-r  h(^  <le»>med  most  adapted  to  nassuro 
them,  he  proposed  to  them  to  join  the  Mianiis,  Irocpiois 
and  Hurous  in  a  war  against  the  Sioux.  Ho  even  flat- 
tered himself  that  ho  had  gained  them  ;  but  was  mistaken 
and  did  not  know  the  Indians.  This  speech  and  the  propo- 
sition he  had  iiiadc!  oidy  tended  to  eoidirm  the  im]>re8siou 
tiiat  he  was  seeking  to  betray  them  by  means  of  the  Hu- 
ron ehi«'f,  a  dangerous  nnd  crafty  man  ;  and  they  iniaginiul 
that  the  latter  wiu:  in  concert  with  tho  Mianus,  wlie  wore 
protending  a  desire  to  uiaruh  against  tho  Sioux  only  to 


I  lioiir>;imml   wiv   milv    »ml    rn-  oIliriT  of  llir  naiiif,  C(>uimun<liiiit  of 

sitrii.    Tiiiiti.    ciiptaii.       ('Iiiiilir.iijt,  Flirt  Orlcniih  (III  tlif  .MUsiiuri,  li'd  iiii 

He  wa.-  sfnt  friim  liiiclM-c,  Si'iit.  "JD,  exiK'iliiion  tntiir  I'udiiinaMiirCoiiuiii- 

ITd.'i,  mill  nai'liKl  I'ftiuit.  Jaiiy  'J'.l.  c!i<m  in  17^1    Sn. lournul  in  l,c  I'lijn 

'.TtHi.     Sliildi'iiV   Mifi,i;;iiii.  |),  'll\.  <lii  I'rni/.,   Ilir-liiirr  ilr  lii  l,iiiii>iuii.\ 

IJiiiirpii  lilt    v.Hii  ii|>|iiir'iitly   huI'sc  iii  .jp,  1  U-','1II.   hiini.iiil ,  MiMimiriK, 

ii.,  Y\>  7 1~>:  llimsu,  i  ,  p.  101. 


IllSroUV    uV   NKW  KU.\N«  K. 

full  on  t1i<-iii  (luring'  the  timrcii,  wlu-ii  tlu-y  wwv  ufl  their 
giiiml,  iukI  tli.it  till!  li'ii(|iii)iH  \M'i'i>  ill  the  plot. 

Tiit'ii'  siispik-ioiis  iiicri'iiHiii^^  tliiily  \)y  frcsii  tiiliu^H  frnni 
all  Hulv.x,  which  would  liuvu  iiiudo  uo  iiu]ircHHioii  hud  not 
thoir  minds  hcen  iin'oc(Mi|ii<'d,  thoy  icHolvcd  to  foiuhtuU 
tlu!  Miaiiiis.  Vet  tlu>  wisost  wished  tirsl  uii  ex|i|iiiiiktioii 
with  the  I'lviK'ii ;  liiit  tlie  liiujoiity,  urged  on  li}  u  «-liief 
nauiud  lit'  Pohuiit,  wuru  of  u  contrary  opinion.  This  chief 
reniiiidtMl  them  of  nil  their  motives  for  distrustiiig  the 
Coniniundant  of  Detroit,  uiid  they  resolved  to  full  upon  tho 
Miumis  ou  the  first  opportunity  tliut  oli'erud,  but  to  keep  up 
the  show  of  prcpiiriiig  for  tho  Hioiix  war. 

All  b(  inj,'  rcudy  to  Htart  on  thut  OAjJedition,  the  Ottuwa 
chiefs  waited  on  lionr^mont  uiid  iisked  whether  he  hud 
received  uo  word  from  (^iiel)oc  or  Mt)ntreul.  Thut  oilicer 
8eou»'>d  to  pay  no  uttention  to  whut  they  Huiil,  which 
oflfeiKlcd  them  groutly.  A  moment  after,  IJourgmont's  dog, 
huviug  bitten  one  of  these  Tndiuns  in  the  leg,  the  Indiuu 
beut  the  dog,  on  wiiich  the  Comnianduiit  rushed  upon  him 
and  gave  him  ^o  many  blows,  that  he  died  soon  after ;  this 
violence  drove  the  Ottawas  to  deaperatiou.  They  Hct  out 
the  next  day  breathing  naught  but  vengeance,  convinced 
that  it  was  necessary  for  their  safety. 

Only  the  chiefs,  however,  wore  yet  informed  of  their  do- 
sign,  all  tho  rest  supposing  that  they  were  to  march 
against  tho  Sioux  :  but  when  they  had  reached  the  woods 
they  wore  informed,  and  directed  not  to  harm  the  French 
or  Uurons.  They  then  retraced  thoir  stops,  and  some 
time  after,  mooting  six  Miamis,  fell  upon  thom  and  killed 
five.  The  sixth  escaped  within  the  fort,  and  ou  outoriug 
began  to  cry  :    "  The  Ottawas  are  killing  us." 

At  this  cry  all  tho  other  Miamis,  who  were  still  in  thoir 
village,  also  ran  to  the  fort  for  a  refuge,  aud  the  Com- 
mandant, seeing  the  Ottawas  in  pursuit,  tired  on  them, 
and  some  were  killed.  Tho  llocollect  Father  Constantin, 
chaplain  of  the  fort,  was  walking  in  his  garden,  ignorant 
of  all  that  was  going  ou.  Somo  Ottawas  seized  and  bound 
Liiii ;  but  John  lo  Blanc,  one  of  their  chiefs,  who  had 
taken  part  in  the  assembly  at  Montreal,  where  the  general 


VllUfrrinOO 
•  >|     lIlK 
OtIllWIM 
Mil     lllll 

.M  luiiiU. 


186 


nWTOltV  OK  NKW  KUANCE. 


1706,     ]K<iiCf  waH  HJgiioil,  iinliiiuiiil  liiiii,  and  lio^god  liiiii  to  ^'o  and 
*~'""^'~~'  toll  tilt'  {'oiiiiimiiilaiit  tliiit   tlu'V  liad    lu)  (U'Mij^hH   on    tlio 

rrt'Mcli.itnd  that  lid  lioHoit^ht  liiiu  to  Htop  tiring'  on  tlnwii. 

A  Kiioiioci      Ah  tliut  rt'li^iouH  wuh  alunit  outciinj^  tlm  fort.Moiuo  tlyinj^ 

iiiiii.ihy    MiiiiiiiH  overtook  liini,  ami  a  voIK  y  of  muHketry  waH  tired 

Ottuwiui.    n|i<iii  tliriii  hy  OttiiWHH  who  |it>n'('iv<>d  tlieni.    Ftithor  Con- 

Btiintiii  waH  Ktrni'k  and   fell  dead  on  tjio  Hpot.     A  Fromdi 

Hiildicr  returning  from  thf  Huron  village  was  alno  killed  in 

the  Hanio  nnmncr  and  Ity  the  nanio  nilHchanco.'     Itourg- 

niont  tlu'U  c'loKed  thc»  gatcM  of  the  fort,  ami  kept  uj)  a  tiro 

on    the  Ottawas.      Thirty   of  thone  Indians   wero   killed, 

oither   Ity   the   French   cannon,   or   by   the   tiro   directed 

against  them  by  the  Miamis  and  Ilurons  on  all  sideu. 

There  was  every  rinHou  to  infer  that  this  disorder  would 
cease  only  by  the  ik-struction  of  one  of  the  two  parties, 
wlio  seemed  envenomed  against  each  other,  and  hearkened 
only  to  tboir  fury  ;  but  at  a  luomcut  when  it  was  least  ox- 
l)ected,  the  Ottawas  retired  to  their  village,  the  other  In- 
dians did  the  same  on  their  side,  and  calm  was  everywhere 
restored,  as  often  happens  in  storms  that  como  up  at  sea, 
making  it  appear  one  moment  all  on  tiro,  and  dying  away 
when  least  expected. 
Emtmrriui--  \y\un  this  news  reached  Queboc,  tlio  Marquis  do  Vau- 
VuuUrcuii.  {licuil  f(mnd  himself  in  a  position  of  groat  ditlioulty,  which 
was  increased  by  an  Iroquois  deputation,  whom  ho 
received  at  the  samo  time.  Tho  deputies  declared  that 
tlio  Cantons  had  resolved  to  make  war  on  tho  Ottawas ; 
and  that  after  what  had  just  occurred,  they  had  no  doubt 
ho  would  abandon  to  them  such  a  pei-fidious  tribe,  and 
they  added  that  they  had  already  imparted  their  design  to 
tho  Euglisli. 

La  Motto  Cadillac  had  started  to  return  to  Detroit' 


■    Nichnlaa    Honrilict   CoDHtantin  voii :  but  mw  Cadillac'))  uccouiit  in 

(dp  CliaHlc),  II    IWolit'Ct,  IB  Haid  to  Slu-ldon's  Michigan,  p.  21U.     N.   1. 

havi- arrived  July  1,  KiyCi.     Ili>  was  Col.    l)or.,   ix.,   p.    810.      Hanicau, 

till-  first  cliTgynmii  nt  IV-troit,  and  Notes    HiBtoriqui-s  but   la    Colon'm 

his   Itigwli-r   Btill   fiiHis.     Hi'   wa«  Canadionnu   dt<    Dotroit,  p.  l!J. 

killol  Jum-  (!,  170(i.     1  do  not  find  «  Hu  reacliud  Detroit  in  Augunt, 

the  accouut  licrv  followed  by  Cbarle-  1700. 


niSToIlV  UK  NKW  I'llAMli 


18T 


with  Ills  finiiily,  iind  u  liir>,'o  cniivoy  of  iniii  Uiil  iiimiifiMim,       1705. 
Mil  tliiU  tln'  Cluiii.'riil  w;is  inmltKi  to  coiiciit  uilli  liiiii  tlui   "^•^"'^ 
iiioHt  t>x|H'ili<'iit  ooin'Ho  ill  siu-li  lulclifiiti!  jiiiiftiirf,    Nnu^lit  m,  coarM, 
eoiild  bu  wJHor  timii  iliiit  iidnpti'd.     He  Ix'^^im  Ity  liMHiiriiif^ 
tlio  Ii'(ii|uois  Unit  li«>  would  not  idlow  tiiiHii  to  iii!ik(t  wur  on 
tliu  OttiiwuH    willioitt    Ids  coiiHciit,  tiiitl  on  tins    |ioint    ho 
spoke  HO  linuly  tliut  ho  sto|i|H<d  thoni.     Upsides  tho  incx- 
podiuuoy  of  lillovvin^  tint  InnpiolH  tu  iiitfi'vuno  <n  11  ({n.'ir- 
I'L'l  which  wouM  thus  lit'conic  inoio  dilVic-nlt  to  ti|i|M'iist',  du 
Vandri'uil  was  still  jilcuscd  to  show  the   Ilnj^lish,  th.it  with 
all  the  inlhicniM'  they  siipposi'd  thi'V  possossud  ovot  tho  Iro- 
quniH,  his  w(i«  gri-iitor  Htill. 

llo  Uh'U  roHolvtid  to  ttniporizo  till  ho  lipnrd  wlmt  la 
Mottn  Ctidillac  had  doni;  at  Detroit.'  In  tine  he  did  not 
wish  to  drivr  tin-  Ottawas  to  extic!mii.it's,  as  thuir  ruin  or 
(h'spair  could  not  hnt  injure  tho  fur  trade  Horiously.  Ho 
wiiH  tuore  thau  cnntirnit>d  in  this  idtta  hy  tho  arrival  uf  au 
Ottawa  fhii'f,  oonui  to  apolo^jizo  for  wliat  had  occurrod  at 
Detroit.  Ho  inforini'd  tho  (loviMiior  tiial  all  tiio  Ottawas 
of  that  post  had  rotii  I  to  ^lichilinnickinac,  whore  thoy  had 
boiii  very  woll  rocoivud  Ity  th'  ir  hrothrou,  and  ho  added 
that  if  war  was  doclarud  a).,'aiiist  thoin,  tho  Frenidi  wcniUl 
have  nioro.than  his  trii)e  to  oopo  with. 

Do  Vaudri'uil,  however,  <h)eniin^  it  expedient  not  to  show 
too  greatreadinoss  to  receive  his  excuses,  sent  orders  to  all 
the  French  at  Michiliniackinac  to  come  down  into  the  colo- 
n}'.  Ho  oven  hoju'd  that  this  mark  of  disiijoasure  would 
breed  division  uniony  these  Indians,  and  compel  thi;  inno- 
cent to  surrender  tho  K^'^^y-  ^t*'  imparted  his  resolution 
to  la  ]\Iotto  Cadillac,  advising  him  merely  to  keep  on  his 
gnard  and  undertake  notliiiij,'  till  circumslancos  gave  some 
light  as  to  thoir  proper  coursi^,  especially  as  nothing  could 
be  decided  till  th(>y  know  tho  result  of  the  emliassy  of 
Joucaire,  just  sent  to  tho  Iroipiois. 

T!io  wai'iiing  roncliod  Detroit  too  lato.  Thoro  the  Com- 
ni.mdaiil  liad  nearly  ruininl  everytiiing  by  ovrr-pnsiiming 
on  till'  inihionce  ho  had  accpiiied  over  the   Indians.     (Ju 


'  La  Motti'  <'ii(lilliic  wroti'  .Vu^r.  .7,  ITOtI    S.u  li-Urr  in  Slu  Ul.m,  |>,  ^18. 


■  If 


188 


IlISTOUY  OF  NEW  FHANCE. 


1706.     his  way  ho  laid  heard  of  tho  troubles  at  his  poat,  and  as  he 

^'"'^^^~'  was  thon  quite  uear  the  Seuoca  cauton,  lie  took  theiico  an 

l-i\  Motto   ^^'^'"''''  "^  "■  liin'drud  iiiid  twenty  iriou.     He  did  more  :  for  ho 

Ciuiiiiac's   uotiliod  all  the  otlitT  cantons,  to  send  all  their  men  they 

Ueiicu.     could  to  wait  for  him  at  the  mouth  of  the  Detroit,  wishing 

ihem  to  see  how  he  was  going  to  treat  their  old  enemies.' 

Uefore  long,  howc » or,  he  saw  the  imprudence  of  this  act, 

and  on  his  arrival  at  Detroit,  instead  of  marching  against 

the  Otlawas,'  as  ho  designed,  he  merely  summoned  their 

chiefs  ;  the  latter,  on  their  side,  alarmed  at  the  appi'oach  of 

the  Irotpioiri,  replied  that  thtjy  would  go  to  their  father 

Onoiitliiit   and   render  an  account  jf  their  conduct.      La 

IMottu  Cadillac  deemed  it  inexpedient  to  go  further.     Ho 

lay  (juiet  at  his  post,  and  the  Iroquois  were  dismissed.' 

Ottawa        As  soon  as  winter  ended,  tho  Ottawa  chiefs  started  for 

d()mti('i.  !it 

Moiiiriiii.  Montreal,  reaching  it  in  June,  1707,'  and  finding  de  Vau- 
dreuil  there.  John  le  Blanc,  tho  spokesu'in,  began  by 
giving  an  exai  I  account  of  what  had  occurred  at  Detroit, 
insisting  strongly  on  the  information  given  them  from 
various  ipiarlers,  that  as  soon  as  they  sot  out  for  tho  Sioux 
war,  the  Miamis  would  proceed  to  murder  their  old  men, 
women  and  children.  He  then  said  that  a  few  days  after 
the  fatal  blow,  which  rendered  them  criminals  in  his  eyes, 
Jie  had  gone  alone  to  tho  Sieur  ile  Bourgmont  to  make  liis 
exi»lanalion,  but  iiad  been  iniable  to  obtain  an  audience; 
that  the  next  day  lie  returned  no  less  than  six  times,  each 
time  willi  an  Indian  of  another  nation,  and  with  belts  and 
beaver  skins,  but  always  in  vain.  He  showed  the  impru- 
dence of  that  ollicer,  who,  by  tiring  on  the  Ottawas,  had 


1707 


'  La  Motto  CndiMnc  omits  all  allu 
Hjontdtliis  iiiliisU'ttfrlci  Vaudrcuil. 
biu'lilon,  i>.  '-2')4. 

»  La  Molte  I'adillac  to  Vaiiilifuil, 
Aug.  iT,  ITOi'i,  mliiiitH  that  lii'  ])roiii- 
isi'd  till-  Iliinms,  .Miiimib,  Wi'ns, 
Slmwui'c'H  luul  Irixiuiiin  "  not  to 
k'uvi'  II  sin;,'li'  Ollawiton  the  curtli." 
Slii'Mon's  .MirliinMii,  |..  -^'S-D. 

'  LiMtiT  of  Viuilri'iiil  and  Kau- 
dol,  Nov.  11,   1708.     Canada   l><x;., 


II.,  xl.,  pp.  23-79. 

*  This  year  (1707)  Mary  Victor, 
Count  d'Hslrt't'B,  Marriiial  di'  Ctou- 
vri's  and  Vice  Adndral  of  Kra  icf, 
micci'idLil  iia  Viceroy  of  America  to 
his  father, .loliii  Count  d'FiStn'osand 
do  TourpeK,  MarHlu.i  and  Vice  Ad- 
miral, who  had  been  Viceroy  from 
li;i;'.>.  Count  Mary  Victor,  tlu:  laHt 
of  tlio  Viceroys,  died  in  1737. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


180 


cftiiaod   tlio  (loath   of  tlio   Recollect  Father  auJ  of  tlie     'T^?- 
French  bolilior.  -— y-— ^ 

"  In  a  woril,  Father,  hero  I  am  at  your  feet ;  you  know  siioedi  of 
tiiat  I  am  not  tlie  most  j,'uihy,  ami  that,  hail  I  beuu  bo-  ""' ^j^'i-^' "' 
lievcd,  you  would  have  no  ground  to  complain  of  us.  Yov;  ''"'Wl"^'' 
are  aware  that  I  have  never  swerved  from  my  duty,  at 
least  till  that  unfortunate  day.  You  may  periiaps  know 
tliat  I  am  tlio  son  of  th(^  tirst  Indian  of  all  the  upper  tribes, 
who  came  throuj^h  the  woods  to  meet  the  Freiieh.  Mr.  do 
Courcolles  gave  him  the  Key  of  the  colony  and  invited 
him  to  come  frequently.  It  is  the  dearest  inlicvitancc  I 
received  from  liin.  to  whom  I  owe  my  existence.  But  of 
what  use  is  the  Key,  if  I  cannot  uso  it  ou  the  only  occa- 
Biou  when  I  needed  it?  Wluit  liavo  I  come  to  do?  I 
come  to  offer  you  my  haad,  to  present  to  you  slaves,  to 
raise  the  dead  to  life ;  I  come  to  assure  you  of  the  sincoro 
respect  of  your  children.  What  moro  can  I  do  ?  Yet  I 
see  that  you  will  not  be  satisfied  till  lo  Pijsaut  is  d.'livered 
lip  ;  he  is  properly  the  only  one  guilty,  but  it  is  impossible 
for  us  to  surrender  liim  to  you,  without  drawing  down  on 
us  all  the  nations  to  which  ho  is  allicnl. 

D(!  Vaudreuil  rei)lied  that  he  understood  fully  the  dilU-  '*" 
city  of  bringing  le  I'esaul.but  that  for  all  that,  he  wished  ripiy. 
to  liavo  him,  and  would  have  him  ;  that  all  the  Nations 
wer<!  aware  of  the  fault  committed  by  the  Ottawas ;  that 
they  must  also  all  see  their  ii'p(Mitaiu'(\  and  tlie  reparation 
they  made;  that  the  evil  was  committed  at  Detroit,  ami 
there  it  must  bo  I'opaired ;  that  h(>  would  send  his  orders 
on  the  point  to  Mr.  de  la  Molt',:  Cadilljic  ;  that  tlusy  should 
report  to  that  officer,  au'l  not  fiiil  to  execute  what  he  should 
direct  in  his  name.' 

With  this  reply  he  dismissed  them,  not  accepting  their 
1  1  It.  He  sent  with  them  l\Ir.  de  St.  Pierre,  to  wliom  he 
g.avo  liis  instvuctions  for  the  Commandant  at  Detroit.  Ou 
tlieir  arrivtl  in  that  jiost,'  la  Motto  (],iilil!,ic  (U  clari^d  to 

'   !.!•  IJIaiic'rt  iiddnss   i«  givrn  in  liaJ  ;J  birlliH  ;  in  17o7,  1  1  :  1708,  13; 

Shi'MoiiH  .Michigw'j,  p)).  2;r.'--';'.!).  ITU'J,  r.l.      R.iiiicini,   X.it.>.<  llisliiri- 

•'  Khi'M.iii'.s  Mi -liif."!;!,  ]>. 'J  !")-'2-)!t  mnw  >(ir  li  I'ol'iai'-  <'anii.l    iKic  (io 

'  Aug.  11,  IT'fT.     Di'lp.it  iu   I7UI  Diiroii,  |)   i;j. 


i 


190 


HISTORY  OF  NEW    FRANCE. 


1 707-  them  bluntly,  that  they  had  nothing  to  expect  from  hua 
till  they  brought  hiiu  lo  Pcsi.nt,  ami  he  added  that  if  Lo 
had  I'ot  controlled  tlie  Hurons  and  Miamis,  those  tribes 
would  havn  punished  him  already. 

This  IhmnoHs  disconcerted  them,  if  indeed  it  was  not  all 
Thfiy  saw,  or  pretended  to  see,  that  there 


Vc  la  Motto 

CiKiiiiiic'.t  a  more  device 

conduct  .  IT 

was  no  alternative  but  obedience,  and  in  reply  to  the  Com' 


appruvL'd. 


niiiudant  thev  said  tliat  tliey  were  going  for  the  criminal, 
and  would  bring  or  tomahawk  him.  They  in  fact  stai  ted 
for  Michilimackinac,  accompanied  by  de  St.  Pierre.  Their 
prompt  obedience  led  to  the  inference  that  la  Motte  Ca- 
dillac had  given  them  to  understand  that  ho  would  act 
indulgently.  The  fact  is  that  lo  Posant  soon  arrived  at 
Detroit,  was  at  first  put  in  irons ;  then,  when  all  the  cliiefa 
of  the  tribe  threw  themselves  at  the  Commandant's  feet 
to  ask  the  prisoner's  pardon,  it  was  instantly  granted. 
This  conduct  has  boon  mueli  canvassed,  many  thenceforth 
being  convinced  that  impunity  for  such  an  act  wotdd  lead  to 
more  disastrous  results  than  were  to  be  feared  from  a 
greater  severity.  This  was  tlie  opinion  of  those  best 
versed  in  Indian  .ffairs,  and  the  future  only  justified  their 
conjecture  ' 

It  was  not  do  Vaudrenil's  intention  to  pardon  le  Posant 
but  to  iiand  him  over  to  the  judgment  of  his  tribe,  in  which 
ho  would  at  least  have  been  left  witliout  influence,  and 
which  would  perhaps  have  been  forced  to  sacrifice  him  to 
his  enemies.  Nothing  could  be  wiser,  and  this  course 
had  none  of  the  objections  feared  ;  but  the  Governor-Gen- 
eral had  reasons  for  leaving  do  la  Motte  Cadillac  at  full 
liberty  to  act  as  he  deemed  best  at  Detroit.  The  greatest 
evil  was,  that  this  Commandant  had  promised  the  Miamis 
the  head  of  the  Ottawa  chief,  and  wo  shall  see  how  far 
they  carried  their  resentme.>t  at  his  breach  of  promise.' 

During  iill  tliese  niovemejts  the  Iroquois  acted  ipiite 
well,  and  New  Yoi'k  on  their  account  enjoyed  a  kind  of 
neutrality,  to  whicli  it  adhered  as  long  as  the  Dutcli  [)arty 


'  Sheld'm'sMicliigan.pp,  35t -STO.     chiirtrain,    Nov.    U,    1708.    Caniidu 
•'  Vuiulr>'uil  and  liaudot  to  Pout     Doc.,  II.,  xi.,  \).  '-lo. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FllANCE. 


191 


was  the  stronger;  bnt  tl.>o  AUouiiquis  contiuued  to  ravago     ^"oj. 
New  England,  Dudloy  not  wisliing  or  not  daring  to  accc])t  ^"^  ""* 
the  same  ueutrr.lity  wlicn  proposed  to  liiai  for  that  pvov-       New 
ince.'     Tho  crios  of  tho  colouisls  who  could  not  till  their  thcEn|;ii«ix 
lands,   or  daily   beheld   them   ravaged   by   the    Indians,  ""AcMulla. 
troubled  him  greatly,  and  ho  believed  the  best  means  to 
arrest  hostilities  which  provoked  those  cries,  was  to  expel 
tho  French  utterly  from  Acadia.' 

On  this  then  he  resolved,  and  made  his  preparations 
with  equal  secrecy  and  diligence,'  so  that  they  had  scarcely 
anything  more  than  suspicions  of  this  design  at  Port 
lloyal,  when,  on  the  Gth  of  June,  twenty-four  English  ves- 
sels, tho  largest  of  50  guns,*  api)eared  at  the  mouth  of  the 
basin.  Mr.  de  Subercase  had  a  picket  guard  of  fifteen  men 
there,  who  had  just  time  to  get  off  under  cover  of  the  woods, 
and  before  they  reached  the  fort,  tho  enemy's  tieet  was 
perceived  coming  to  anchor  within  a  league  of  the  works. 

The  next  day  it  landed  fifteen  hundred  men  a  league 
lower  down  on  the  side  where  the  fort  was,  and  five  hun- 
dred on  the  river  side.*  This  excited  such  alarm  that  the 
Governor  had  great  difficulty  in  rallying  his  garrison.  He 
succeeded  however  by  displaying  great  confidence  himself, 
and  then  gave  orders  to  delay  tho  enemy  as  long  as  poss'- 
ble  in  the  woods,  there  being  breaches  in  the  fort  to  be 
repaired.  There  seems  ind  3d  a  sort  of  fatality  attached 
to  Port  Eoyal,  that  its  Governors,  even  the  most  actire 
and  vigilant,  should  always  be  found  unprepared. 


'  See  note  ante,  p.  181. 

'  Berwick's  victory  over  the  Eng- 
ligli  and  Spanish  at  Alumnsa,  Ap'l 
'v'O,  1707,  prevented  u  force  lining 
Bent  from  Europe  under  (Jeneral 
Macoartney  to  reJuce  Acadia. 
Hutcliinson,  ii,,  p.  LW. 

'  New  Hamps-hire  and  RIkxIo  Is- 
land joined  Massachuselts,  whicli 
alone  sent  1000  men,  (Hutcliinson, 
ii.,  pp.  150-1,)  Col.  Wainwriglit's 
regiment  of  the  red  and  Col.  Hil- 
ton's of  the  hliii'.    Penhallow,  p.  .TO. 

♦  Hutolunsim  un<l  Pcnliallow men- 
tion but  two,  the  Doptford,  man-of- 


war,  Capt.  Stukeley,  and  the  Prov- 
ince (lalley,  Capt.  Southack.  They 
sailed  from  Nantasket  May  \'A.  O. 
S.  (Penhallow  has  Marrh,)  with  33 
transports :  and  arrived  off  Port 
Koyal  May  20  (June  (i,  N.  S.) 
"There  was  an  .\riuy  of  as  Likely 
Men  as  can  bo  Imagined,  tho  best 
part  of  Two  Thousand  of  them." 
D(^plorable  State  of  New  England, 
p.  ;J4. 

•  Hutchinson,  ii.,  p.  151,  says:  700 
men  on  the  harl)or  wide  under  Co\, 
March,  300  on  tho  other  side  under 
Col.  Applelo.n. 


M 


I 


•       V 


\ 

'  i 


192  UI8T0UY  OF  NEW  FHANCE. 

J 

1707.  The  luomeut  lio  porcoived  the  English  fleet,  de  Suber- 

~^  ^  ""    case  liad  h1hl»  uotitied  the  colonists  to  meet  him  ;  but  tlio 
Gallant    near(!st  could  not  reach  him  till  the  evening  of  the  7th. 
,iu     '  As  thoy  came  iu  they  were  made  to  file  off,  some  to  the 
*- '  '"''■  right,  some  to  the  left,  to  go  and  meet  the  enemy   and 
retard  their  march  by  skirmishing  in  the  woods ;  and  this 
had  all  the  success  that  could  be  anticipated.    On  the  8th, 
almost  all  the  colonists  having  come  to  the  fort,  de  Subor- 
case  reinforced  the  detachment  sent  out  to  harass  the  Eng- 
lish ;  but  he  warned  them  all  not  to  get  engaged  so  that 
they   could  not  easily  reach  the  fort  in  case  they  were 
hard  pressed. 
The  They  were  indeed,  but  did  not  retreat  till  they  had  killed 

cvtrvwhere  many  of  the  enemy.  The  body  of  live  hundred  was  the  first 
to  open  a  passage,  and  the  Governor  sent  canoes  and  bat- 
teaux  to  embark  those  who  retired  before  them.  Ho  then 
made  them  deploy  to  join  the  others  who  were  opposed  to 
the  larger  body.  This  corps  was  commanded  by  Deuys  do 
la  Konde,  a  Canadian  gentleman,  brother  of  Mr.  de  Bona- 
venturo,  and  ensign  on  a  man-of-war.  Ho  soon  followed  in 
person,  after  taking  measures  to  arrest  the  five  hundred 
English  at  the  i)assage  of  the  river. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  same  day,  there  was  quite  a 
sharj)  engagement,  in  which  de  Subercase  had  Lis  horse 
killed  under  him.  Yet  he  lost  only  one  man  killed  and  one 
wounded.  The  English  loss  was  greater ; '  but  their  im- 
mense superiority  forced  the  Governor  to  retreat ;  he  did 
so  in  good  order  and  unpursued.  For  two  days  the*euemy 
lay  inactive :  he  then  advanced  an  eighth  of  a  league  and 
prepared  to  attack  the  fort.  As  the  garrison  Avas  insuffi- 
cient to  defend  both  the  fort  and  the  neighboring  housca, 
Subercase  set  fire  to  all  the  buildings  that  he  could  not  de- 
fend, and  in  which  the  besiegers  might  take  post. 

The  next  night  (June  10-11)  the  trench  was  opened,'  the 

'  Hutcliinson  says  thuy  had  only  lU'cided  that  thi- enemy's  disciiiliiiud 

three  Hoiuidcd.  \i.  l^l.  garrison  in  a  strong  fort,  was  nioro 

•  According  to  Ilutcliinsou,  ii.,  p.  than  a  match  for  our  raw  uiidisci- 

151,  a  i-ouncil  of  war  (May  13  O.  H.)  plinud  trooi>B.  The  Deplorable  State 


HISTORY  OP   NEW  FRANCE. 


198 


till 

tri;iuli()H 

bi'fiin: 

I'orl  Itoya) 


French  boiiig   nnalde  to   prevent  it.     Tlio   next   Jay   tlio     i7o7- 
Governor  sent  out  eighty  eok)nists  and  Imliaurt,  who,  tak-   ■~"~y— 
ing  both  sides  of  tlio  river,  formed  an  amhuscadc  in  the  Tiuy  opon 
woods,  and  brought  to  a  eoiuph^to  halt,  four  hundred  of 
the  English  sent  out  to  kill  the  cattle.     The  Barou  de  St. 
Castin  even  advanced  with  six  Canibas  in  sight  of  the  en- 
emy, killed  six  men,  rejoined  his  trooD  and  charged  the 
four  hundred  English  with  sucii  vigor  as  to  send  tliom  back 
in  great  disorder  to  their  camp.' 

Early  on  the  IGth  great  activity  was  perceived  in  the 
trenches,  and  the  Governor  suspected  that  the  besiegers 
were  forming  some  project  for  the  next  nigiit.  In  fact,  to- 
wards ten  o'clock  at  night,  as  he  had  just  made  the 
rounds,  he  was  informed  that  a  dull  noise  like  men  march- 
ing could  be  heard.  Ho  rocommendeel  strict  silence,  which 
told  the  enemy  they  were  on  the  alert ;  but  this  did  not 
prevent  theu*  opening  the  attack,  although  at  too  long 
range.  They  fired  briskly  on  the  batteries  of  the  fort,  and 
under  cover  of  this  fire  pushed  up  four  or  five  hundred 
men  to  attack  the  breaches,  which  they  supposed  in  much 
worse  condition  than  they  really  were. 

They  had  even  counted  on  a  great  desertion  among  the 
garrison,  some  soldiers  having  already  set  the  example  ;* 
but  they  were  mistaken.  On  the  other  hand,  the  guns  of 
the  fort,  which  were  very  well  handled,  made  them  aban- 
don the  design  of  giving  the  assault,  and  the  troops  who 
had  advanced  for  the  purpose,  unable  to  stand  the  constant 
fire  on  them,  fell  back.  But  between  eleven  and  twelve  at 
night,  the  Governor  saw  that  the  fort  was  invested  on  all 
sides ;  that  the  enemy  were  posted  in  the  ravines  and  val- 
leys, surrounding  the  place ;  that  they  wore  even  intrenched, 
and  sheltered  from  artillery. 

This  troubled  him  indeed  ;  but  he  kept  up  such  a  bold 
front,  aa  to  intimidate  the  English  in  their  turn,  and  ap- 


of  New  England,  p.  ;55,  says  tlmt 
tlii'y  never  carrietl  ashuro  a  mortar 
or  II  fieldpiece,  never  threw  up  a 
shovelful  of  earth. 

'  A[>i)leton,  according  to  Uatchiu- 


sou,  ii.,  p.  151,  had  only  two  killed, 
and  the  Krencli  retreiited. 

''  This  is  confirmed  by  The  De- 
plorablo  State  of  New  Eagland,  p. 
34. 


194 


lIlfciTORY  OF  NEW  FHANCE. 


1707. 


They  riiw 

till'    fficiCt!       I 

Bud  rvtlrc.  1 


paroutl}'  siiRpocting  a  mine,  they  durst  not  approach  tho 
fort.  They  ondon.vorotl  to  set  tiro  to  a  frij»ato  and  some 
barks  wliieh  lay  tinder  tho  guns  of  i\w.  fort,  hut  finding  the 
resistance  too  great,  they  skulked  behind  some*  houses  that 
had  been  left  standing,  regained  their  entrenchments,  and 
before  daylight  returned  to  their  first  camp. 

They  embarked  next  day  us  soon  as  the  tide  permitted," 
caving  eighty  of  their  nnui  found  dead  in  various  places, 
besides  several  afterwards  discovertMl  near  their  camp. 
They  had  burnt  all  tho  houses  below  the  fort  and  some  of 
those  above,  carrying  olF  all  the  cattle,  though  most  of 
them  were  ntakeu.  Port  lloyal  owed  its  safety  chiefly  to 
sixty  Canadians  who  entered  it  twelve  hours  before  tho 
English  fleet  anchored  in  the  basin.  The  inhabitants,  who 
for  the  last  three  years  had  received  scarcely  any  relief 
from  France,  wore  generally  quite  ill-disposed,  and  tho 
Governor  informed  tho  minister,  that  but  for  the  presence 
of  tho  Baron  de  St.  Castin,  he  could  not  have  answered 
for  the  result.' 

He  added  in  his  letter,  thai:  the  position  of  tho  Indians 
of  his  district,  especially  tho  Micmaks,  was  no  better  than 
that  of  the  colonists ;  that  they  wero  all  naked,  as  tho 
Canibas  and  Malocites  would  be,  if  they  did  not  trade  with 
tho  Mohegans,  or  rather  through  the  Mohegans  with  the 
English,  who  gave  them  a  crown  a  pound  for  boaver,  and 
received  their  goods  at  a  very  low  rate.'  Thus  our  ene- 
mies 8ui)plied  the  wants  of  our  most  faithful  allies,  whom 
we  left  destitute  of  actual  necessaries:,  while  they  were 
daily  exposing  their  lives  for  our  service  ;  Religion  alone 
kept  tliem  in  our  interest.  This  is  a  fact  of  public  noto- 
riety, and  I  do  not  see  what  can  bo  brought  up  against  it  by 
tliose  who  maintain  that  the  Indians  never  sincerely  em- 


'  The  place  was  never  summoned, 
and  diHcontcnt  broke  out  among  the 
troops  when  it  wuh  ascertained  that 
the  fort,  if  taken,  was  to  bi'  held,  as 
this  would  rtHiuiro  tlicni  to  stay  and 
garrison  it.  Di'plorablc  State  of 
New  England,  p.  35. 


'  The  report  of  de  Subercose  is 
not  in  the  Collections  of  Documents 
copied  for  New  York  or  for  Canada. 

'  See  Ooulin  to  Pontchartrain, 
Due.  29,  1708.  Canada  Doc.,  III. 
ii.,  832,  "Ueceived"  should  bo 
"  Sold." 


HISTORY  OF  :-.KW   KKANCE. 


195 


braco  Cluirttiiiuity,  auil  that  uo  calculatiou  shoulil  be  made    1 707- 
oil  tlu'ii"  conversion. 

Colonel  Mark,'  the  coiuiuamli'r  of  tlio  English  iK'ot,  wuy  ii„ir 
liaviiig  touuhoil  on  liia  roturii  at  Kaskubc'  (Casco  Bay)  auil  '"'"faliea!'" 
Toscailouu  (Piscattaway)  wlioro  his  nation  liftil  forts  ami 
Holtlumcnts,  thero  leariieJ  that  tlu^y  lia.l  alitsaily  bej^'un 
jiublic  rejoiciisgJ  at  Boston  over  the  capture  of  i'ort 
lloyai.  This  iiulucod  hi  in  to  lie  to  at  Kaskebe,  whcuco  ho 
wrote  to  the  Governor- General  ami  Parliament  (General 
Court;  that  ho  vvoukl  not  leave  that  post  till  he  hail 
received  their  iM'ders ;  that  he  Ijeggod  them  not  to  ascribe 
the  failure!  of  his  lixpedition  to  him,  because  his  whole 
urmy  had  risen  against  him,  and  ho  would  never  have  ven- 
tured to  risk  a  general  assault,  although  he  had  three 
thousand  ellective  men  ;  and  that  the  chief  otlicers  had 
supported  the  mutinous  spirit  of  the  soldiers.' 

It  was  not  the  tirst  time  that  this  had  hapiiened  to  the 
English  in  America ;  but  frequently  the  world  prefers  to 
b(,lieve  one  man  guilty  rather  than  a  multitude.  Mark 
was  not  believed  on  his  own  word,  and  the  Boston  popu- 
lacD  was  so  exasperated  at  him  that  they  would  have  toru 
hi.u  to  i)ieces  had  he  appeared  in  that  city  at  the  moment 
when  news  arrived  that  the  siege  was  raised.  By  the  same 
conveyance  he  received  orders  to  remain  where  he  was,  to 
lot  uo  one  laud,  and  to  await  the  resolution  to  be  taken  by 


'  "Tin-  (ii-iuTiil,  n  Man  of  no 
Coiulucl,  liaving  8if,'nalizrtl  wmw- 
tliiuj;  of  a  UcUiiiuc'  t'uui-.igf  in 
Bonii'  Indian  Encouiilcrs,  l\u'  .Mob 
wus  »et  upon  Imviiig  hiin  to  be  a 
CommaniU-r."  IVplurable  Htate  ot 
New  En;:;Uiiiil,  |).  ;!5.  I'lii'imUow,  p. 
51,  navs  iiu  was  a  innn  of  gooil  cour- 
agi' ;  but  till!  business  lie  uii'liTt'wk 
was  to)  wi'ighty  for  li'sslioulilers  to 
boar. 

'  \V  Dii.l'.c  y  to  (!,  o.  DuMIi'V.  May 
I'll,  speaks  of  the  igii  ■ranci-,  viliMless 
and  slotlil'ii'.iiess  of  oliici'rs,  ar,  I  diso- 
bi.'dicnce  of  private  soldieri.  'I'liis 
\V   Du.llev  was  Willi  tlio  e>;iM'iUliou 


as  StHTi'tary  of  Wat,  tliougli  a  nujro 
Ijoy.  Deplorable  State  of  New  Eng- 
land, (i.  o4.  Penhaliow,  p.  ')0,  says: 
"if  the  otHoers  on  board  her  Majes- 
ty's ship  had  been  true  and  faithful, 
matters  had  siipeeedi-d."  Douglas, 
Summary,  i.,  i>.  ;!0S.  speaking  of  the 
SI  <'oi>d  espe'ltion.  s.iys  tha'  the  offi- 
cers of  the  Deptford  w.T'  blaiiird  as 
negligent  or  reiraetory.  Alt:, eking  a 
fort  was  probalily  not  as  pleasant  as 
taking  pri/.es.  In  ITOTt'apt  ITiuler- 
di.wn  in  the  Krankhind  t'lok  one  UO 
gun  ship,  tw.p  'JO  LTun  .ships,  forced 
the  French  to  Imrn  tw^i  more,  ami 
destroyed  :)JSti<iliinglMiats.  Lediard. 


19G 


IllSTUHY  OK  NV-W    ritANCE. 


1707.     tho    Council,  which  would  bo  iiupartoil  to   him  in  sea- 
"■"""^''""^  aoii. 

Kcsdiiition  I"  f-i^'t  tho  rt,)V(!rn()r-f Icuoriil  of  Now  Eiif,'livii(l  convoked 
C'.iVin.'i'i'of  i"  liii«tu  all  the  deputies  of  thu  citioH  and  towns,  deiusnd- 
U'wion.  jy^  yjj  jjjjj  Piirliauumt  of  Boston,  wanuly  showed  thorn 
that  tho  nation  was  forever  dishonored,  unless  thoy 
avenged  tlie  ullVont  just  reci-ived  by  Colonel  Murk  before 
Port  lloyal.  He  olhred  to  go  in  person,  vowing  that  ho 
would  die  sooner  than  not  roduco  Acadia  to  tho  (Queen's 
rule. 

Tile  Assembly  decided  that  it  was  inexpedient  for 
him  to  head  the  exjtediti<m  in  person,  that  it  sulliced  to 
,  reiuforeo  the  tleet  witli  live  or  six  Jiundred  men,  and  throo 
large  ships  ;  tlireo  of  tlie  chief  members  of  tho  Parliament 
embarking  with  tho  Goveruor-Cronoral's  son,  recently 
appointed  lu!r  Majesty's  Attornej'-Cjeneral.  It  contirmed 
Colonel  Mark  in  command,  declaring  him  publicly  justified 
of  the  charges  brought  against  him,  and  creating  him,  in 
advance.  Governor  of  Acadia.' 

Tlio  preparations  for  this  new  expedition  were  made  with 
a  celerity  corresponding  with  tho  hopes  entertained,  and  ou 
reliif'orred,  Sunday,  August  20th,  about  ton  in  tho  morning,  tho  Eng- 
'to'ptlrf  lisli  lleet  api)eared  at  the  mouth  of  the  Basin  of  Port 
°^  Pioyal,  with  as  favorable  a  wind  as  they  could  desire.  At 
two  o'clock  in  the  afternoon  they  came  to  anchor  in  line 
order  out  of  reach  of  shells.  This  unexpected  sight' 
spread  consternation  through  the  fort,  and  although  the 
garrison   had   been   reinforced   by   the   crew   of   a   royal 


The 

EnirlUli 

lUi't 

IIUU'll 


'  March  was  named  commander, 
bnt  t'olont'l  HuU'hinHon,  I'oUinol 
Townscud  and  Mr.  Levcrett,  meiii- 
ber*  1)1"  *lic  ('(luncil,  were  sont  with 
as  I'll!!  pow'T  to  HUiicriiiti'iul  and  <li- 
rect  as  the  (Jdvi  ruor  in  pcrndn  would 
have.  (.'()!.  Iluicliiiison  inakcw  tlm 
force  Tl;>.  .Viler  st.)]>|)iiiir  »'  J'as- 
piiiiiiiMquoddy.  .MnieliH  hcalili  and 
spirits  gave  way,  ;iiid  he  turned 
over  tlio  coniniauil  to  Wuinwright. 
IIuiehiiiNin,  ii.,  p.    loo      Tliey    lost 


much  time  at  Casco  Bay.  Deplora- 
ble Stnto  of  New  England,  i>.  3(i.  In 
th((  meantinui  Suberease  hail  made 
ready  lor  a  newaltaek,  and  received 
aid  from  France,  Ui:fore  the  first 
attack  he  got  supjilieH  from  Boston. 
11).,  |).  !!».     Douglas,  Summary,  i.,  p. 

•.ir,i. 

■  A  Vlihu-iHer  had  iiifirmed  Su- 
bercasi!  that  the  Knj^jlish  were  pro- 
paring  to  return,  (iazette,  Feb.,  'Hi, 
170b. 


HISTOUV  OP  NKNV  FIIANCB, 


197 


fripito  coinuiiiuiliid  hy  do  Bmiivveutuio,  thoro  was  uof  ono     ^7'^'7- 
hut  tliouj,'ht  it  toiuoiity  evon  to  iittLinpt  to  reni-.L  so  mi^it   "^'"'^ 
iiii  iirin}'.' 

Do  Siilioniivrto  wivs  iilmost  tho  only  ouo  who  all  :i'»f  do-  ,.  ''"'"'    . 
Hpiiir  of  triiim|)liin{^  omn)  moro  over  the  Eiij^'lish,  .iiid  his    Unimias 
courage  iuHpirittul  his  troofjs.    His  ^rtmtiist  ditUmilty  was  to   ililintnco. 
I)riijg  in  tlio  st-tlli-rs,  mniiy  of  whimi  livod  scvon  Kj.i^uos 
oil';  but  tlio  (im.-iiiy,  ovLT-coiitidciit  of  tliuir  stroiij^th,  j^avo 
hiui  time.     Tlioy  deferred  thoir  dubarkatiou  till  the  iieit 
diiy,  uud  the  Govoruor,  uucortaiu  as  to  tho  .sj)ot  which  tlicy 
mi{,'ht   choosi',  thout,'lit  it  host  to  retain  witiiin  tho  fort, 
not  only  all  the  garrison,  hut  also  all  the  suttltTft  wlio  came 
tloi^king  in. 

At  last,  on  the  21.st,  about  tou  in  the  morning,  eighty 
long-boat:i  or  jxn'iaguas  were  seen  full  of  soldiers,  which 
drew  up  and  landed  them  all  on  tho  side  opposite  the  fort. 
These  troops  immediately  btigan  their  march  through  tho 
woods,  and  encamped  a  quarter  of  a  league  above  the 
fort,  from  which  they  were  separated  only  by  a  river.' 
Then  do  Suborcaso  sent  about  eighty  Indians  and  thirty 
setclurs  to  tile  ah)ng  this  river,  with  instructions  to  cross  it 
half  a  league  higher  up,  and  to  form  ambuscades  in  posi- 
tions whoi'e  they  could  most  easily  fall  on  tho  detachments 
that  would  be  sent  out  to  destroy  tho  houses,  most  of  wliiuh 
were  on  that  side. 

The  troojjs  which  had  landed,  remained  all  tho  22d  in  Varimwun- 
their  camp  intrenching,  and  on  the  evening  of  the  23d,  utuukB. 
seven  or  eight  hundred  men  were  detached,  and  marched 
out,  precedeil  by  a  guard  of  ten  soldiers  under  a  lieuten- 
ant. This  officer  neglecteil  the  i)rec;iutiou8  jjroper  in  a 
wooded  and  unknown  country  :  lie  ftsU  into  ambusli  and 
was  killed  with  eight  of  his  men.  The  other  two  were 
taken  and  brouglit  to  the  Governor,  who  ascertained  from 
tliom  tliat  the  enemy  had  embarked  their  artillery  in  two 


■    Tilt'    Utiz.'ltr    o'liits   t)ii.-i,    but  '  Tlin  ()-\7„'t!.' siiy.s  tlic  l!"i'i  of  iS 

niviiiioiis  till'  arrival  >il'  !i  [jrivulctT  vi'ssels  enliTuJ  ut  1   p.  ni.,  on   tlie 

from  Ht.  Diiiuiiigo  witli  two  prizes  2Utli,  ami  landc.l    13(M1    imn   tlirce 

uud  310  l);irr.l»  n(  pruviwions.  quartum  of  a  li^ayuf  Ix'low  lliu  fort. 


198 


HIHTOIIY  OF  NEW  FUAM  K 


'707'  .small  vohhoIs,  ko  oh  to  run  tUom  pii«t  tlio  fort  umlor  cover 
of  tliu  (Iiii'kiioHS  of  thu  ui^ht.' 

Oil  this  inroniiiition  lie  t^iivo  onloiH  to  lij^'lit  fin^s  along 
tliu  rivor  us  loiij^  iih  tlu)  tiilo  was  rising,  iiiul  this  pnuMutiou 
provt'ntod  tlio  iirUUui}  from  passing.  On  tlu)  otlior  Imiid, 
tiio  dutiiclimoiit,  HC'oing  it8  lulvuueud  guard  ddfuated,  durst 
uot  advanci)  any  furtliisr,  but  ruturnod  to  camp,  wiiiuh  no 
ouo  loft  on  tlio  iiltli  on  account  of  tho  couHtaut  alarms 
ruiHt'd  by  tlio  garrison  of  tlio  fort.' 

The  uext  day  tho  English  woro  shollod  out  of  thoir 
camp,  and  took  jiost  opposite  tho  fort;'  but  thoro  Subor- 
cast)  gavo  tlmni  still  U-ss  rojioso,  sooing  that  thoy  wishod  to 
plant  batteries  of  cannon  and  mortars  thoro.  On  tho  2(ith 
thoy  again  docampod,  and  took  u^)  a  position  half  a  loaguo 
lower  down  ;  but  tho  next  day  tho  Governor  sent  out  a  de- 
taehiui'iit  which  killed  throe  sentinels  and  obliged  thorn  to 
deciinip  for  tho  third  tiuio.  They  took  post  out  of  reach 
of  our  shells ;  but  some  small  parties  woro  aguiu  seut  out, 
which  hiirassed  thom  incessantly. 

On  the  29th  thoy  seomed  engaged  only  in  intronch- 
ing  ;  iiut  on  the  liOth  thoy  all  ro-ombarkod  about  four 
o'clock  in  the  afternoon.'  Do  Suborcaso  suspected  that 
this  was  iu  order  to  make  an  attempt  on  tho  other  side  of 
tho  river,  and  he  called  iu  all  who  were  beyond  it.  In  fact, 
on  the  iilst  at  sunriso,  the  English  troojis  lauded  under 
cover  of  tho  guns  of  the  Hoot  and  took  up  thoir  march  as 
soou  as  thoy  lauded. 

Before  them  was  a  wooded  poiut  where  the  Barou  de 
St.  Custin  hiy  in  ambush  with  l.")0  mou ;  ho  let  thom  como 
within  pistol-shot,  and  then  gavo  them  three  aucco8.sive 
volleys  with  gn^at  order.  Tho  English  stood  them  with  au 
intrepidity  that  St.  Castin  had  uot  expected,  and  seemed 
resolved  to  force  a  passage  at  any  cost ;  but  thoy  halted 

'  Till' (Inzftti'HiiyH  Kixwcro  killed  O.  S.  (a4t1i  N.  S.)  iiml  tliut  niiiu  of 

ami  two  taUiii ;  oncof  llic  Inttur  wiiH  L'ii|il.  Diiiiinock's  luiMiiiiidonn  Miiiis- 

a  pilot,  whofjuvi;  iiil'oriiiutioii.  Held,  wlti,'  Burrouiulcil  and  kdltd. 

'  Wiiiiiwriglit,  in  a  lutur  cited  by         '  Ua/etlu;  in  DiiTi'ville.  Voyage, 

llulchiuNin,    ii.,   p.    I")!,    wiys    tlie,  p.  1. 
Freuch  kept  up  a  tire  all  the  lulh         '  The  Guzelle  says  llie  Ulat. 


HIHrtMlY   OF   NKW   KUANt'E 


IM 


Sliiirp 

lU'tloll. 


Brtililfiily,  ami  Koon  iifttu-  lifty  1<)UK'-I»')!vt.s  worn  hooii  making     1707 
for  tho  ships,  iiml  tim  wiiolis  ilotiifliiii'Mit  rotrmitiii^,'. 

TIkmi  till)  (lovi'iuor  snit  out  tiin  Sicur  do  In  IJoiiliu- 
dorio,  iMisign  in  iv  iimii-of-war,  witli  l.'»()  iiu-ii  to  ifinfoiri' 
St.  Ciistiii's  troop,  iiiul  f(illowod  (iloso  himsi'lf  witli  120  iiutn 
to  8UiH)ort  liiia,  leaving;  tlo  noiiiiviwitiiii!  iu  tiio  fort,  wiioro 
evorytliiii^^  was  in  j^ood  coudition.  He  tiifii  advanced  to 
rci'oanoitru  tlio  (snoniy,  and  lui  saw  (ln;ni  retirin;^  towards 
thoir  boats,  llo  at  onco  ordorod  la  IJoulanlorio  to  follow 
thorn,  and  if  tlicy  soumod  about  to  embark  to  attack  tlu'iu.' 

That  otHcor,  l)urMnit^  with  iuipationco  to  t'n{;af,'o  tliom, 
niarehod  too  rapidly,  and  bi'j^an  tho  attack  with,  at  most, 
seventy  or  eij^hty  mon ;  iio  sprang  into  ouo  of  their 
iutrcnchmcuts,  carriod  it,  killing  mauy ;  stimulatod  by  this 
first  success,  ho  throw  himself  into  a  second  intreuchment, 
whoro  ho  received  a  sabre-wound  iu  the  body  and  ano- 
ther in  the  hand.  St.  Castin  and  Saillant  took  his  place. 
Tho  two  aides  inot  and  fought  desperately  with  axes  aud 
clubbed  muskets,  and  tho  euomy,  to  tho  number  of  four- 
teen or  fifteen  hundred  mou,  retreated  at  least  fiftoou 
hundred  paces  towards  their  boats. 

However,  some  of  thoir  officers,  ashamed  to  ruu  before 
so  small  a  force,  rallied  them  against  our  men,  who  iu  turu 
fell  back  towards  the  wood,  St.  Castin  aud  Saillant  having 
also  been  wounded ;  but  Seeing  tho  ouemy  return,  they 
wheeled  and  showed  such  a  bold  front  that  tho  English 
duist  uot  approach.  They  merely  gavo  a  few  volleys  and 
again  drew  off.  Do  Suborcaso  seized  tho  moment  to  carry 
off  his  wounded  and  rest  Lis  troops.  After  tho  lapse  of  au 
hour  ho  ordered  Granger,  a  very  brave  colonist,  again  to 
lead  do  la  Boularderie's  detachment  against  tho  English, 
who  did  not  wait  to  receive  him,  but  ran  to  embark,  as  thoy 
did  in  great  confusion." 


'  lAJiiis  Simon  <1()  St.  Aub'm  It! 
Poupct,  Clu'valiiT  (If  la  Uouliirdo- 
ri«».  Anthony  de  Sailliin  died  Sr])- 
tembiT  8.  Sub.Tcii.si>  puMiicfl  thu 
Englifli  with  '.'iiO  mi'n,  and  wliile  in 


woods,  wnt  on  do  1ft  Boiilnrdorie.  St. 
CuHtin  and  du  Saillant  with  fiO  nu>n. 
'  Thn  <iazctto9ay«  that  being  in- 
formed by  au  Indian  that  tlioro  wero 
only  3U0  mun  ou  thu  beach,  they 


I    * 


■2()0 


IIISTOUV  OF  NKW  KHANCE. 


1707. 


rill'  »ii-|{(> 

ritUcit 

l,lm«  ilf  tlltt 

jiiid 
Friin  li. 


Tho  Hiuiio  (Iny  tlio  grcntor  piirt  of  tlio  tloot  wni^licd  nn- 
clini-H  ami  lay  to  n^iiiii  outHido  of  tho  haHiii,  wlionco  it 
WiiH  infcrruil  tliat  tliov  liiul  riiMt  their  dt'iul  ovi'rlioiinl.iiiiitc} 
ti  niuiibrr  liiiviri;^'  Ixcii  Hiilm('(|iu'iitly  washiil  up  r)ti  tliu 
coiiMt.  Tlu'  next  tliiy  (Sopt.  IhI)  thti  whulo  Meet  aHHoniblfd 
niid  prucotHltul  to  tiiko  ill  wood  and  wiiti>r  11  Imij^iit)  outhido 
of  till)  Uiiy  of  I'lindy.  Do  HulujrcaHc  liiid  mnt  lucii  iiioiii,' 
till'  coast  to  watcli  thfiu,  and  houh)  rt'ijortfd  tliat  as  two  of 
tlicir  lioatH  passtid  (piKo  iu>ar  tiiiMii,  tiit-y  heard  men  (piar- 
relliii^  iu  oiiu  of  tlioin,  uud  HoldierH  Hayiiig  tiiat  tliu  coia- 
iiiaiiduut  dcHenod  to  1)0  huii^,'  for  liaviiif^  usohssly  siau^^ii- 
ttied  HO  many  of  Ids  men,  and  that  tlio  Queen  wouhl  cer- 
tainly bring  liim  to  aeeount.' 

A  furtniglit  aftor  outering  Port  iloyal  tiiis  tleut  set  Huil 
w  itliout  luivinj,'  ovon  dared  It.-  attaclc  tlio  main  works.  Tho 
French  had  only  three  men  killed,  and  at  most  lifteeii 
wounded.  Mr.  do  Saillant,  ensign  <in  a  man-of-war,  was 
the  only  man  of  mark  who  lost  his  life.  Some  prisonoru 
were  taken,  among  them  the  pilot  of  one  of  tho  Coast 
Guards. 

This  man  told  Mr.  de  Subercase  that  tho  Quecu  had 
the  year   before  informed  tho  Governor-General  of  New 


Iiuhlicd  on,  l)ut  ill  rriiMin^  a  wlieat- 
fiuld.cumc  Huddi'iily  ou  u  iHrgi-  Kii^'- 
liuli  t'urct',  luiwt  III  u'hiiiii  tti'd  ;  uthers 
riTsistod  till  HupiKirlud  by  those  on 
thi'  bt'iii'li,  niid  thosf  who  were  em 
l)arkiug  lnit  returm-d.  Thu  Freiirh 
liiHt  oD<<  kilicd,  uluvuu  wouiidud. 
Th.'  KiikHhIi  in  nil,  VM.  Pcnhallow, 
Indian  VVBre,  \),  51,  gayn  Major 
Walton,  of  WttinwriKhtH  ri'^iuumt, 
wa»  lln'  only  field  otBccr  on  shore, 
an<l  elainm  that  he  ropulbod  the 
French.  He  niakeH  the  whole  Eng- 
litdi  losH  !<l  killed,  and  as  many 
wounded.  Hutchinson,  ii.,  p.  15ri. 
Haliburlon.  History  of  Nova  Scotia, 
i..  p.  h4,  and  Williamson,  History 
of  Maine,  ii.,  p.  .')4,  and  Jefferys. 
Hist,  de  la  Nouv.  EcosHe.  p.  130, 
follow  him.  and  nro  extr«;uiely  vague 
in  their  accounts  uf  the  affair. 


'  A  court  martini  was  ordered  at 
HoHton.  liut  it  ni'ver  met.  Hutchin- 
son, ii.,  p.  l.'iO.  Deplorablu  State  of 
New  England,  }>.  37.  March  was 
Bent  to  build  a  fort  at  Hnro,  because 
he  could  not  take  one  at  Port  Uoy- 
al.  lb.  Thu  two  ox)>editions  cost 
JK  22,000.    lb.  J).  yS. 

Ht«t  C.  Dnmnier  In  N.  Y.  Col. 
I)oc.,  v.,  p.  42-3,  complaining  of 
neutrality  betwwn  New  York  and 
Canada.  "  SuinrcaNse  is  a  resolute 
soldier,  and  signalize<l  himself  very 
much  In  bis  defense  of  Port  Ii4iyal." 
This  repulse  at  Port  Hoyul  and  the 
boldness  of  the  French  privateers  on 
the  coast,  as  far  down  as  Delaware 
IJay,  created  a  panic  in  the  colomeri, 
and  New  York  voted  i;  3,000  to  do- 
fend  that  t'ity.  lit.  pp.  58,  01.  Cal. 
N.  Y.  ^k)S ,  Eng.,  pp.  352,  354,  355. 


IIWTOIIV  OF  NKW  FU.tNt'E. 


it 
iti) 
ho 

,1 

of 

iir- 
m- 

or- 

luil 
^hi> 

C't'Il 
A'UH 
OVH 

Jew 

<1  at 
hiii- 
lo  of 
was 
auHo 
Uoy- 
cuat 

Col. 

r     of 

and 
iluto 
very 

pil." 

tllH 

re  on 
iviini 

OiCB, 

I)  do- 
Cal. 
1355. 


Arit<Ila 

niDc  r 


I  cvur. 


£iiL;liin(l  tlinl  hIio  wiHliml  tu  ha\<)  Acmliii  bufuio  liio  uiul  I707- 
uf  Iho  war,  mid  Unit  if  In;  cduKI  not  draw  fi'oiii  \\'ih  ciiloiiy 
HutUoictil  foivt'H  lor  tliin  i-oiiijufst,  hIiu  would  h>iu[  liiiii  iiiil ; 
tliut  tliu  (lovtTUor  mid  tli(<  loiidiii;{  luoiiibt'iM  in  I'mlimuoiit 
litid  iiHHurci!  luT  of  till)  HucctiHs  ot  tbu  uxpoditioii,  iiud  tliiit 
UM  fur  liairk  aH  AugilHt  laut,  tlicy  liad  rouuivud  tiio  tliauks 
uf  liur  ihitaiiiiic  Majesty.  Hit  addud  tliat  tiiu  liosloUui'M 
liail  t'xliauHtod  tlioiUHclvi'H  iii  tiiis  la.st  tixptiditiou  ;  tiiat 
uuvurtliulusH  a  ^ruatir  utl'ort  would  uurtuiuly  bu  uiadu  in 
tlio  Hpriiig,  and  tliat  it  wan  tho  Quuuu'h  intuntiou  uuvur  to 
ruhtoro  Ai-adia  if  sim  ouot)  f^ot  [lOHSo.ssiou. ' 

Frauci)  was  far  from  l)oiiig  an  atti.utivo  to  tlio  proscrva- 
tiou  of  this  proviuco  as  Eu{^laud  Wa8  iu  takiu}^  hIoiis  to  tuulir'"** 
reduce  it.  Tho  Kiuj^'a  vosaoLs  wiiich  roacliod  Port  lloyal 
Boon  ttftor  tho  sio^u  was  raisod,  broiiglit  no  j^ood-s  oitiior 
for  tlio  BottlorH  or  tho  Indians,  to  tho  groat  porploxity  of 
tho  Oovoruor,  who  had  retained  tho  former  in  duty  and 
induced  tho  latter  to  givo  aid,  only  by  pruuiisos  which  Le 
saw  himself  uaalile  to  fulfill. 

He  oveu  declares  iu  his  lettor  to  tho  minister  that  he  had 
beeu  reduced  to  givo  hia  very  shirts,  the  sheets  otf  his 
bed,  iu  a  word,  everything  that  he  could  absolutely  dis- 
pense with,  iu  order  to  relievo  tho  misery  of  tho  jioorest ; 
ho  adds  too,  iu  tho  same  letter,  that  there  was  not  a  mo- 
ment to  lose,  if  they  wished  to  make  a  solid  establishment 
iu  Acatlia ;  that  this  colony  might  iu  a  sliort  time  become 
tho  source  of  the  gi'oatest  trade  of  the  kingdom ;  that 
that  very  year  a  fleet  of  sixty  ships  had  sailed  from  Now 
England  to  Spain  aud  the  Mediterranean,  loaded  with 
codfish  ;  that  a  still  more  numerous  one  was  soon  to  start 
for  the  West  Indies,  aud  that  all  this  tish  was  taken  ou 
tho  shores  of  Acadia,  that  is  to  say,  that  the  English,  at 
tho  very  time  that  they  could  not  succeed  iu  cou(iuoring 
that  province,  found  moans  to  omich  themselves  by  it, 
while  we  ourselves  derived  no  advantage  from  it.' 

■  Uuzuttt),  |>.  U.    On  the  10th  tbu  toigore,  but  at  Ulu  aux  Chovrua  ro- 

frigatc  Anuibal,  with  provisioiiH  and  ceivi^d  such  a  volluy  that  they  rutirud. 

240  laoH,  and  two  brigiintint-s  en-  '  Compare  iHttors  of  Sk'ur  do  Bo- 

tered  the  harbor  to  reiufuruti  the  be-  naventure,  July  5,  1707  ;  do  Uoutin, 


202 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


[* 


1707 


Moauwbilo  tbu  Miaiuis  could  uot  brook  it,  tbat  tbe  life 
of  tho  Ottawa  cbief  wbo  bad  so  injured  tbem  sbould  bo 
New       spatt'd,  aud  tboy  iucessautly  domaudod  bis  bead  from  tbo 
"^uiiiou."  Coiuinaudaut  at  Detroit.     Tbeso  ludiaus  bad  tboir  cbief 
sottlemout  on  St.  Jo.sepb's  River,  wbore  Fatbur  Avoueau, 
tboir  mi.ssiouary,  by  unalterable  goutleuess,  aud  iuviucible 
patience,  bad  succeeded  in  obtainiug  tbe  same  iutiueuce 
tbat  bis  predcci'ssor,  Fatber  AUouez,  bad  gained  over  tbem.' 
Miscontluot      Mr.  do  la  Motto  Cadillac,  wbo  wisbed  to  govern  tbeso 
Commnnd-  Indians  after  bis  own  fasbion,  was  lotb  to  permit  tbat  any 
*"  ■      one  sbould  bave  more  influence  tban  bimself  in  a  town  of 
tbat  nation,  more  tban  a  bundred  leagues  from  Detroit, 
aud  bo  forceil  Fatber  Aveueau  to  abandon  iiis  mission.'^ 
He  soon  bad  reason  to  repent  it ;  tbe  Miamis  baving  no 
longer   a  missionary   to  control   tbeir  impulses,  renewed 
tbeir  clamor  for  vengeance  on  Lo  Pesant.     He  sougbt  to 
divert  tbem,  summoned  Le  Posaut  to  Detroit  after  assur- 
ing bim   tbat  bo  bad  notbing  to  fear,  and  in  fact   only 
required  bim  to  settle  at  Detroit  witb  bis  family. 

Tbe  Miamis,  desperate  on  seeing  tbemselves  tbus  trifled 
witb,  killed  tbree  Frencbmeu,  and  even  committed  some 
ravages  in  tbe  vicinity  of  Detroit.  La  Motte  Cadillac 
was  even  informed  tbat  tbey  bad  plotted  killing  bim  and 
massacring  all  tbe  Frencb  at  Detroit ;  tbat  some  Iroquois 
and  Hurous  bad  entered  tbe  plot,  and  tbat  tbey  would 
bave  carried  out  tbeir  nefarious  design  bad  not  a  Wea  In- 
dian (Ouyatanon)  betrayed  tbem.  Tins  information,  and 
tbe  insult  wbicb  be  bad  just  received,  made  bim  resolve  to 
declare  war  on  tbose  Indians,  and  to  appearance  bo  made 
sisrioas  preparations  for  it ;  but  all  were  mucb  astouisbed 
to  see  bis  wbolo  preparations  end  in  making  terms  witb 
tbem,  disbonorable  alike  to  bimself  and  tbe  Frencb  nation. 


Dec.  22.    Canada  Doc.,  HI.  il.,  pp. 
728.  730,  &c. 

'  Father  CInudo  Aveueau  came 
from  Frunoi'in  l(i8(!.  Carayon,  Doc. 
Inrdilf,  -xiv.,  p.  117.  He  liad  been 
misbionnry  to  tbe  Miamis  for  18 
years.     Vaiidreuil   and    Raudol   to 


Pontchartrain,  Nov.  9,  1708.  Fer 
laud.  Courw  d'llihloire,  ii.,  p.  liOO. 
lie  died  in  Illinois,  Sept.  14,  1711. 
Martin  in  Carajon. 

'  He  placed  a  Recollect  there. 
See  Ferland,  Couru  d'Histoire,  ii.,  p. 
3ti«. 


aiSroiJY  OF   NKW    FRANCE. 


203 


The  inevitable  result  of  yiekliuj,'  to  the  Iinlians  aftor  1707- 
throatoaiuy  thoui,  followed.  The  Miaiuis  did  not  observe  -  t  •-' 
the  eoiiuitious  of  the  treaty  in  whieli  they  detected  weak- 
ness, aud  the  French  commandant  was  at  last  fcji'ced  to 
march  against  them  at  the  head  of  four  hundred  men, 
French  aud  Indians.  The  Miauiia  made  a  brave  defence, 
but  their  intrenchmeuts  were  carried,  and  having  no 
resource  but  the  clemency  of  the  conqueror,  they  sub- 
mitted to  all  that  was  required  of  them,  and  to  pi\;vcnt 
their  committing  iu  future  any  new  freak  that  would 
require  driving  them  to  the  wall,  it  was  deemed  expedient 
to  send  back  their  missionary.' 

The  Irociuois  cantons  had  all  along  observed  the  neu-     Useful 

...  .      .  •        1      1  11  i.   •!  sorvici'M  of 

trality  strictly  ;  to  this  the  nussiouaries  doubtless  contribu-  jiinciiini 
ted  greatly  by  their  vigilance  and  kind  manner  ;  but  they  ii„|juois. 
were  greatly  aided  by  the  g;)od  conduct  of  the  Sieur  Jon- 
caire,  and  the  harmouy  maintained  with  them  by  that  olli- 
cer.'  Joiicaire,  adopted  by  the  Benecas  aud  highly- 
esteemed  by  the  Onondagas,  kept  moving  constantly  from 
one  canton  to  the  other;  he  informed  the  missionaries  of 
everything,  and  took  no  stop  except  in  concert  witli  them, 
and  thus  succeeded  iu  bafHing  all  the  plans  and  defeating 
all  the  intrigues  of  the  English.  Ho  charmed  the  Iro- 
quois by  his  frankness ;  he  spoke  their  language  as  well  as 
tliey,  a  tiling  that  gratilietl  the  Indians  wonderfully  ;  he 
won  their  good  will  by  his  liberality ;  their  esteem  by  his 
iutrepiility,  and  whore  prompt  action  was  needed,  could 


'  DWigremont,  wlioso  instructions 
nre  in  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc  ,  ix.,  pj).  MH-S. 
t^uys :  (ShoUlon'H  Miclii^aii,  p.  ■.'8.')-li) 
tliat  La  Mottu  fuilcil  to  carry  tlu^ 
Miami  I'ntri'UchniPnt  tlmntrli  (l|.f,.i\(l. 
oil  by  only  (iO  iiuMi,  !tn<l  drew  liack  : 
that  aficr  Si'Vcn  rrrncluuiMi  and  two 
Indians  with  woiindt'il,  and  I'.Mir  In- 
(linns  hilli'd,  tlii'v  canii'  to  a  ]iarli'y. 
and  t!u'  Miamis  promising  to  ^ivi^ 
up  inurdorm-s  in  six  weclis  or  conii) 
and  Hi'ttlo  at  Detroit,  lia  Moitr  ru- 
tirod  witli  tlirno  cliii'l's  as  hostafrcs 
uud  [^■'.■oi'iiis  ui'  I'lirs.    ri.'i!  V'auilrttiil 


and  Uaiii)t,  Nov.  14,  170S.  Canada 
Doc,  II.  xi.,  pp.  :3;i-7!).  Those  De- 
troit troulili's  ciiabk'd  tho  Engllali  to 
revive  tlioir  iutiucnct'  in  tlie  West 
tlirou;;!!  Muntourand  otlicrrf.  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc,  v.,  p.  (!.j,  and  ix.,  p.  8:i0. 
Seo  Nt\i,' niatioiis  of  tlic  Otiawas  at 
Dnondagii.  'mndar  of  .\'.  Y.  MSri., 
I''n,disli,  p.  ;i(!i,  iiH  \v'l  as  id' 
Miamis.  Kallirr  <l'lli'U,  .May  '-H, 
iruy.   N.  V.  (V)l.  Doc,  ix.,  p  "^l."). 

■  For  CIrrainhaiilt  d' .li^'n'mont's 
estimate  ot  .loncaih',  mo  N.  Y.  (.'ol. 
Doc,  ix.,  p.  8i;i 


204 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


•  1 1 


1708.     always  decide  on  his  course  unhesitatingly,  essential  quali- 
""^""""^  ties  in  the  position  he  occupied. 

But  while  they  succeeded  so  well  in  preventing  the  hea- 

ii(M  Moi9    *'^'*^"  Iroquois  from  siding  with  'he  English  against  us, 

(.hii^iiiuis  the   Governor  of  Albany  had  almost  equal   success   in 

arescUueecl  .     .  .,1      ,1        ^,     ■   ,. 

by  tbo  negotiating  with  the  Christian  Iroquois  settled  in  the 
Oi"  Aiijiiny.  colony.  For  some  time  a  manifest  decline  of  piety  had 
been  observed  in  these  neophytes,  attributable  solely  to 
intoxication,  of  which  it  was  almost  impossible  to  cure 
them.  In  spite  of  the  repea^^ed  prohibitions  of  the  King, 
and  the  exeitions  of  the  Governor  of  Montreal,  the  liquor 
trade  was  again  vigorous,  and  on  the  occasion  of  raising  a 
large  war-party,  formed  early  in  the  following  spring  to  op- 
erate towards  Boston,  it  was  perceived  that  the  former  de- 
pendence could  not  be  placed  ?n  the  Iroquois  of  Sault  St. 
Louis  and  the  Mountain.' 
A  Rroat  This  expedition  had  been  decided  upon  in  a  groat  ooun- 
riojecteZ  cil  held  at  Montreal  with  the  chiefs  of  all  the  Christian 
Indians  settled  in  the  colony,  and  other  Abonaquis  were  to 
join  with  a  hundred  picked  Canadians,  besides  a  great 
uumbiir  of  voluutoors,  chiefly  officers  in  our  troops,  mak- 
ing in  all  four  hundred  men.  Messieurs  de  St.  Ours  des 
Chaillous  and  Hertel  do  Rouville  were  to  command  the 
French,  and  the  Sieur  Boucher  de  la  Perriore  was  to  lead 
the  Indians.  As  it  was  important  to  keep  the  project 
secret  till  tlie  moment  when  the  warrion  should  start,' and 
to  march  rapidly,  it  was  arranged  tiiat  the  two  first  named 
commandants  should  proceed  by  the  St.  Francis  River  with 
the  Algonqnins,  the  Abenaquis  of  Bekancourt,  and  the  Hu- 
rons  of  Loiette,  and  that  la  Porriero  with  the  Iroquois 
should  go  by  Lake  Champlain ;  that  all  should  meet  at 
Lake  Nikisipique,'  where  the  Indians  bordering  on  Acadia 
were  to  be  at  the  appointed  time. 

'     See     ScIiuvIit'h    letter,    ]X)8t.  see  Cliarlevoix,  Journal,  ill.,  p.  141. 

Cliarlevoix    visited    llie    Sault    St.  '  In  N.  Y.  (-ol.  Doc.,  v.,  p.  88,  isthe 

Louin  mission  in  170H  ;  it  wn»  then  statement  of  a  (leeertor  from  a  party 

opposite  the  Uapiil.    For  the  <leletu-  against  Dei'rfteld. 

xious  iulluenoM.fliquorut  that  time,  ^  A  Mohawk  in  N   Y.  C.  Diw.,  v., 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


205 


Various  incidents  well  nigb  defeated  the  expedition,  and 
delayed  the  march  of  the  warriors.  At  last,  ou  the  26  th  of 
July,  they  started;  but  dos  Chaillous  and  Rouville,  on 
reaching  the  St.  Francis,  learned  that  the  Hurons  had 
turned  baiik,  because  one  of  their  men  had  been  accident- 
ally killed,  apparently  while  hunting,  the  rest  believing,  from 
this,  that  their  expedition  would  be  disastrous.  The  Iro- 
quois, whom  la  Perriero  Avas  conducting  by  way  of  Lake 
Champlain,  soon  followed  this  example,  under  the  pretext 
that  some  of  them  were  sick,  and  that  the  malady  might 
easily  spread  through  the  whole  force. 

De  Vaudreuil,  to  whom  the  commandants  wrote  commu- 
nicating this  desertion,  and  asking  his  orders,  replied  that 
even  if  the  Algonquins  and  the  Abenaquis  of  Bekancourt 
should  also  abandon  them,  they  should  nevertheless  keep 
on  and  make  a  dash  at  some  isolated  place  rather  than 
return  without  doing  something.  Des  Chaillons  imparted 
this  letter  to  the  Indians,  who  swore  that  they  would  follow 
wherever  he  might  lead  them.  They  accordingly  set  out 
to  the  number  of  two  hundred,  and  after  marching  one 
hundred  and  fifty  leagues  by  impracticable  roads,  reached 
Lake  Nikisipique,"  but  foiind  no  Abenaquis  there  fi-om  the 
Acadian  border,  those  Indians  having  been  obliged  to  turn 
their  arms  elsewhere. 

They  then  resolved  to  march  against  a  village  called 
Hewreuil  (Haverhill),  composed  of  twenty-five  or  thirty 
well-built  houses,  with  a  fort  in  which  the  Governor  resid- 
ed. This  fort  had  a  garrison  of  thirty  soldiers,  and  there 
were  at  least  ten  in  each  house.  These  troops  had  but 
just  arrived  in  the  place,  having  been  sent  by  the  Gov- 
ernor of  New  England,  who,  on  hearing  of  the  march  of  the 


1708. 


Tho 
IroijiioU 

and  1  III  ro  118 
iibaiuloii 

the  Frencli. 


Tlic 
AlienanuU 
not  at  Uio 
rendez- 
vous. 


Capture  ol 

an  Ent>;lish 

tov,'n. 


ji.  85,  mentions  a  rendezvous  at 
Oneyade,  which  another,  p.  80,  says 
was  at  tlie  head  of  Otter  Creek. 

'  This  id  Lake  Winnipiseogee. 
See  Carte  de  laPartieOrientaledola 
N.  V.  Maurault,  Histoire  des  Abua- 
liis,  )).  ;ii!8,  defines  the  uuine,  W'iu- 


nipiseogee,  Lake  where  they  cross  on 
trees.  For  other  definitions  see 
Historical  Magazine,  I.  p.  240. 
Mr.  Tnimliull,  (Comix)sition  of  In- 
dian Oeographical  Names,  p.  33, 
makes  it  signify  Uood  Water  DiB- 
chorgo.  See  Jouvuncy,  p.  238. 


■i 


206 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1708.     Freucli,  had  sent  similar  dotachmonts  to  all  the  towns  of 
'  ~  •  ■-  that  district.' 

Our  braves  were  not  dismayed  on  learning  that  the  ene- 
my were  so  well  prepared  to  receive  them,  and  no  longer 
trusting  to  a  surprise,  resolved  to  make  it  up  in  valor. 
They  rested  quietly  all  that  night,  and  the  next  day,  one 
hour  after  sunrise,  drew  up  in  battle  array.  Eouville 
made  a  short  address  to  the  French  to  exhort  all  who  had 
any  quarrels  with  each  other  to  be  reconciled  sincerely,  and 
embrace,  as  they  all  did.  They  then  prayed  and  marched 
against  the  fort.  Here  they  met  with  a  vigorous  resist- 
ance ;  but  at  last  entered  sword  and  axe  in  hand,  and  set  it 
on  fire. 

All  the  houses  were  also  well  defended,  and  met  the 
same  fate.  About  a  hundred  of  the  English  were  kUled  in 
these  attacks;  many  others,  too  slow  in  leaving  the  fort 
and  houses,  were  burned  in  them,  and  the  number  of  pris- 
oners was  large.  There  was  no  booty,  as  no  thought  was 
given  to  it  till  everything  was  consumed  by  the  flames. 
Moreover  the  sound  of  drum  and  trumpet  was  heard  in  all 
the  neighboring  villages ;  and  there  was  not  a  moment  to  be 
lost  in  securing  their  retreat." 
The  victors  It  was  Conducted  with  groat  order,  no  one  having  taken 
ambii'scad"  ^oTo  provisious  than  were  needed  for  the  homeward 
march.  This  precaution  was  oven  more  necessary  than 
they  imagined  Our  men  had  scarcely  gone  half  a  league, 
when,  on  euterinji  a  wood,  they  fell  into  an  ambuscade 
formed  by  seventy  men,  who,  before  uncovering  them- 
selves, fired  every  man  his  shot.  Our  braves  stood  this 
volley  without  flinching,  and  fortunately  it  did  no  great 
damage.  Meanwhile  all  behind  was  full  of  horse  and  foot, 
in  close  pursuit,  and  there  was  no  course  but  to  trample 
down  those  who  had  jast  fired  on  them. 


'  Scluiylcr  notified  tboin  of  the 
Freudi  oxpoilition. 

'  The  Fronch  avoided  or  passed 
the  guards  and  attacked  the  body 
of   the    town    on    the    river    Mer- 


!  mac.    Rev.  Mr.  Rolfo,  Capt.  Wuiii 
Wright,  and  thirty  more,  were  killed. 
Hutchinson,   ii.,   p.  157-8 ;    Peuhal- 
low's  Indian  Wars,  (Ciaciunati  ud.) 
p.  55. 


.    1 


t   ? 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


207 


of 


They  took   this  course   without   hesitation;  each  one      1708. 
threw  dowu  his  stock  of  provisions  and  ahuost  all  his  bag-    ^"""v— ^ 
gage,   and  Avithout   losing   time   with   tiro-arms,   at   once  ituforccd. 
rushed  to  close  quarters.     The  English,  taken  aback   by 
this  sudden  attack  from  men  whom  tliey  supposed  they 
had  thrown  into  confusion,  were  routed  themselves,  and 
could  not  rally.   So  that  except  ten  or  twelve  who  escaped 
by  flight,  all  were  killed  or  taken. 

Nescambiouit,'  who  had  returned  from  France  tlio  year 
before,  always  fought  near  the  commandants  ;  performing 
wonders  with  a  sabre  presented  to  him  by  the  King.  He 
received  a  musket-ball  in  the  foot.  lu  the  two  actions  we 
Lad  eighteen  men  wounded,  tlirco  Indians  and  five 
Frenchmen  killed,  among  the  last,  two  young  officers  of 
great  promise,  Hertel  de  Chambly,  Kouvillo's  brother,  and 
Vercheres.  During  the  last  combat  several  of  the  prisu'. 
ers  taken  at  the  attack  on  Hewreuil  (Haverhillj  escaped." 

All  the  rest  praised  highly  the  kind  treatment  siiown 
them  by  their  captors  during  the  retreat,  which  was  effect- 
ed without  accident  after  the  encounter  just  mentioned, 
and  various  incidents  related  of  some  of  the  officers  and 
volunteers,  were  more  honorable  to  them  than  the  signal 
proofs  they  had  given  of  their  bravery.  I  was  one  of  the 
first  to  learn  them,  because  I  was  at  Montreal,  at  the  very 
port,  when  the  party  landed  there  about  the  middle  of 
September.  Great  praise  was  given  especially  to  the 
Sieur  Dupuys,  son  of  the  Lieutenant  Particulier  of  Que- 


Noble 
conduct 
of  801110 
olBcers. 


'  According  to  Mauruult,  Hist, 
des  Ab6naki8,  (p.  330,)  Naskanbiwit 
meana, "  He  who  is  so  iiniwrtnut  and 
raised  so  high  by  his  miTit,  tliat 
thought  cannot  roach  his  groatness." 
Penliallow,  (p.  49,)  calls  him  Assa- 
cambuit,  says  he  boiujt<id  in  Paris 
of  having  killed  150  of  tlio  English 
with  liis  own  hand,  was  kniglited  by 
Louis  XIV.,  liail  a  pension  of  eight 
livres  a  day,  but  was  so  cruel  tluit  he 
killed  one  of  his  own  people,  and 
stabbed  another,  for  which  he  had  to 
tiy   fruui   his   tribe,   and   never  re- 


turned. Whence  Penhallo-.v  derived 
this,  we  know  not.  Prejudice,  here 
as  elsewhere,  probably  supplied  ideas 
which  he  gives  as  facts. 

''  Hutchinson  and  Penliallow  call 
it  a  brush  tliat  lasted  an  hour,  and 
say  the  French  left  nine  dead.  For 
Hertel  de  Chamlily,  see  Daniel,  Une 
Page  de  Notre  Histoire,  p.  470.  Nob 
Qloires,  i.,  p.  280.  Verclieres  v.as  a 
brother  of  Mile.  Mary  Magdalen  do 
Vercheres,  who  so  gallantly  lield  a 
fort  against  the  Indians  in  Oct. 
1096.   Ilist.  Mag.  iv.  p.  lill. 


208 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  FTUNCE. 


1708.     Ijqc^  y,]iQ  iiacl  carried  his  livimanity  so  far  as  to  carry  the 
"^'^    daughter  of  the  King's  Lieuteuant  at  Hewrouil,  a  good 
part  of  the  way,  tlie  girl  being  ahnost  unable  to  walk.' 

The  inaction  of  the  English  youth,  much  more  numer- 
ous than  the  French,  surprised  men  in  CaLida,  and  one 
pf    tlio    prisoners   was  asked   the  reason.      His  answer 
revealed  the  true  cause  of  the  remissness  of  the  Iroquois 
led  by  la  Porriure  on  the  last  expedition.     This  man  said 
that  it  was  not  the  fault  of  the  young  men  of  his  nation 
that  they  had  not  raised  war-parties  against  the  French 
this  year :  that  more  than  five  hundred  of  the  most  alert 
had  asked  and  obtained  leavtj  of  the  Governor-General  of 
New  England,  but  that  as  they   were  on   the  point  of 
marching,  they  received  counter  orders  in  consequence  of 
a  letter  from  the  Governor  of  Albany  to  his  General.' 
BaU  faith  of     ^  this  letter  he  added,  the  Governor  stated  that  ho  had 
Christian  j^^st  gained  control  of  the  Christian  Iroquois,  who  had  as- 
lioquou.   gyj.gf|  ]jjjjj  tjjfit  no  Indian  would  ever  again  take  the  warpath 
against  the  English  :  that  it  was  thus  useless  to  go  to  any 
expense  to  attack  the  French,  who,  reduced  to  their  own 
forces,  were  in  no  position  to  undertake  anything,  so  that 
they  might  rest  assured  that  the  English  colonies  would 
henceforth  enjoy  perfect  tranquilUty,  which  was  all  they 
desired. 

This  same  prisoner  also  said  that  it  was  believed  at 
Hewreuil  (Haverhill)  and  in  all  the  cantons,  that  the  party 
that  laid  waste  that  village  was  merely  a  detachm-^nt  fi-om 
a  force  of  sixteen  hundred  men,  of  which  the  main  body 
was  not  far  oflf :  that  the  same  thing  was  said  at  Boston, 
and  that  throughout  New  England  they  were  constantly 
under  arms,  which  exhausted  the  people  greatly."  It  was 
ascertained  from  another  prisoner,  that  the  Governor  of 
Albany  had  recently  made  considerable  presents  to  the 
Christian  Iroquois. 
These  Indians  were  extremely  mortified  to  see  them- 

'  Vauilreuil  and  Kaudot,  Nov.  14,  ^  lb.,  and  Compare  Examination  of 

1708,  Canada  Doc,  II.  xi.,  p.  70.  Ensign  Samuel  Whiting,  June  2, 

'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartrain,  Nov.  1709.    N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  835, 

13,  1708.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,p.  817.  also  lb.  pp.  833-4. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


209 


of  Albnuy. 


selves  thus  discovorod,  nnd  still  more  at  tho  contempt  with    i?©^' 
which  the  Marquis  de  Vaudreiii'  affected  to  treat  them,  on  "— ""v— ' 
their  deserting  the  Sieur  do  la  Perriere ;  for  he  had  merely  They  ntone 
remarked,  that  since  they  were  so  fond  of  peace,  they    '°^^t!'' 
might  henceforward  rest  peacefully  on  their  mats,  as  the 
French  could  very  well  do  without  them.   This  stung  them 
to  the  quick,  and  they  resented  it  in  a  way  to  gratify  all 
the  General's  hopes.     They  raised  scoral  war-parties,  and 
were  joined  by  the  Abcniiquis  of  Bekancourt,  whoso  fidel- 
ity, in  spito  of  Schuiler's  assertions,  had  not  been  suspect- 
ed, and  who  had  just  given  such  strong  proofs  of  their 
attachment  to  our  interest.     The  latter,  flushed  by  recent 
success ;  the  former,  eager  to  atone  for  their  fault,  spread 
desolation  through  various  quarters  of  New  England. 

On  his  side,  the  Governor-General  complained  warmly  ^*°f {'f,"'' 
to  the  Governor  of  Albany  that  while  he  left  his  district  Governor 
and  all  New  York  undisturbed,  out  of  consideration  for  the 
Dutch  and  for  him  personally,  and  this  with  the  view  ot 
keeping  the  Iroquois  to  a  neutrality  no  less  advantageous 
to  the  English  colonies  than  to  New  York ;  he  not  only 
kept  contantly  stimulating  the  cantons  to  take  up  arms, 
but  was  building  a  fort  in  the  Mohawk  canton,  and  labor- 
ing to  debauch  from  him  the  Indians  domiciliated  in  the 
centre  of  the  French  colony.  On  the  first  point  Sohuilor 
made  no  reply ;  his  answer  to  the  second  was  this  : 

"  As  for  the  belt  which  I  sent  with  a  view  to  prevent  the 
Indians  from  taking  part  in  this  war,  carried  on  against  the 
government  of  Boston,  I  must  avow  the  fact,  but  I  was 
impelled  to  it  by  Christian  charity.  I  could  not  help  be- 
lieving it  my  duty  to  God  and  my  neighbor  to  prevent,  if 
possible,  these  barbarous  and  pagan  cruelties,  which  have 
been  but  too  often  perpetrated  on  the  unhappy  people  of 
that  province.  You  will  excuse  me,  sir,  if  I  tell  you  that 
I  sicken  to  think  that  a  war  between  Clu-istian  princes, 
bound  to  the  strictest  laws  of  honor  and  generosity,  of 
which  their  noble  ancestors  have  given  so  many  illustrious 
examples,  has  degenerated  to  a  sava^^e  and  unbridled  bar- 
barism.   I  cannot  conceive  the  possibility  of  putting  an 


y 


ik 


210 


niSrOKY  OK  Nl"\V    KUANCE. 


1708.  end  to  war  liy  Kuoh  moans,  and  T  wish  all  raon  tlionght  as 
I  do  ou  tho  matter.'" 

Pitro  Schuiler  was  a  vnvy  wortliy  man,  and  here  ex- 
pressed only  his  real  Bontiraonts ;  but  he  was  sufficiently 
awaro  of  all  that  had  occurred  during  tho  last  tifty  years  in 
that  part  of  America,  to  know  that  it  was  the  English  Avho 
drove  us  to  the  stern  necessity  of  lotting  our  Indians  act 
as  New  England  did  theirs.  Ho  could  not  be  in  ignor- 
ance of  the  horrors  to  which  -^  Iroquois  had  gone  at 
their  instigation  during  the  la'  war  ;  that  even  at  Boston 
the  French  and  Abouaquis  he  d  as  prisoners  were  treated 
with  an  inhumanity  little  inferior  to  the  cruelties  of  which 
he  complained  so  bitterly ;  that  tho  English  had  more 
than  once  violated  the  right  of  nations,  and  capitulations 
signed  in  the  best  forms,  while  the  prisoners  of  that  na- 
tion received  none  but  good  treatment  from  us  and  our 
allies. 

It  was  also  easy  to  prove  that  neither  the  French  nor 
their  Indians  had  ever  resorted  to  the  cruelties  he 
reproached  them  with  except  in  retaliation  ;  and  that  be- 
fore determining  to  resort  to  this  means  to  stop  the  bar- 
barities used  by  the  Iroquois  to  our  officers,  our  missiona- 
ries and  our  settlers,  and  the  ill-treatment  to  which  the 
Bostoners  subjected  our  allies,  and  our  own  people,  the 
most  illustrious  in  New  France,  had  long  been  allowed  to 
shed  unavailing  tears.  But  what  was  inexcusable  ou  his 
part,  was  that  at  the  very  moment  that  he  was  endeavoring 
to  disarm  the  Christian  Iroquois,  he  was  employing  every 
possible  means  to  induce  the  pagan  Iroquois  to  take  up 
arms  against  us,  although  he  could  not  doubt  that  the  lat- 
ter would  carry  much  further  than  the  former,  the  very 
furies  he  detested.' 


'  Peter  Schuyler  to  Vaudreuil,  26 
Sept.0.S.,70ct.  N.S.,1708.  N.Y.C. 
D.,  ix.,  p.  818.  The  U'tter  \a  very  plau- 
Bible,  but  Bounik  qinjer  coming  from 
the  very  man  who  initiated  the  use 
of  Indians  against  whites  in  war. 
At  lliis  very  time  his  object  was  to 
break  up  the  neutrality  sought  by 


tho  French,  and  plunge  N  iw  York 
into  an  Isdian  war.  The  N.  Y. 
MSS.  Eug.,v()1.53  p.  HO, have  '  ITOi), 
May  23,  Commission.  Col.  Peter 
Schuyler  to  command  all  the  In- 
dians in  the  Expedition  against 
Canada." 
'  On  May  6,  1708,  Francis  de  La- 


mSTOUY  OF  NEW  FllANCTO. 


211 


to 
dcliikiich 
frcini  ua  llie 

Iiullaui). 


It  Wfts  not  only  in  Cunadft  that  tlio  English  sought  to     i7'j8. 
turn  agjiiiist  us  tlio  Indians,  whoso  ostooin  and  afl'oction  wo         "'^ 
woro  always  more  succossful  than  thomsolvos  in  securing.       Tim 
Tho  colony  of  Louisiana  was  still  in  its  cradlo ;  nothing  t.,,V,|,mM'i 
could  be  feobler  than  our  two  or   threo   ostahUshnionts 
tiioro.   Thoy  had,  it  is  tnio,  nothing  to  foar  from  tho  nativo 
inhabitants  of  tho  country,  who  woro  woU  troatod  and  ap- 
parently satisfied  with  us  ;  and  this,  perhaps,  lulled  us  into 
a  security,  whoso  overweening  extent  a  littlo  more  pru- 
dence would  have  corrected. 

But  the  English  of  Carolina  liad  taken  great  umbrage 
at  these  new  settlements,  and  it  was  discovered  this  same 
year  that  the  Tchactas  (Choctaws),'  our  most  faithful 
allies,  had  received  presents  from  tho  Queen  of  Great 
Britain,  the  motive  of  tliis  liberality  being  to  obtain  from 
these  Indians  a  free  passage  over  their  territory  for  the 
English  troops,  to  induce  tho  other  nations  to  remain  neu- 
tral or  destroy  them  in  case  of  refusal.  D'Artaguotto, 
then  acting  as  Commissairo  Ordonuateur  in  that  colony, 
who  informed  the  Count  do  Pontchartraiu  of  all  this,  add- 
ed that  two  French  voyageurs  on  proceeding  to  tho  Ya- 
zoos,  found  an  Englishman  with  presents  to  tho  value  of 
twenty-fivo  thousand  crowns,  intended  for  distribution  with 
this  view  among  those  Indians  and  tho  Illinois.  It  was 
also  ascertained  that  in  tho  speeches  accompanying  these 
presents,  they  were  told  that  the  Frenchmen  thoy  saw 
among  them  were  the  fugitive  remnants  of  a  nation  de- 
stroyed by  the  English. 

Thus  our  enemies  resorted  to  all  means  to  atone  for  the 
losses  and  affronts  they  had  experienced  during  this  cam- 
paign in  New  England  and  Acadia ;  but  during  the  mid- 
dle of  the  following  winter  they  sustained  a  still  greater 


Lar 


val,  first  Bishop  of  Quebec,  died  at  Histoire  de  I'Hotel  Dieu,  p.  430, 
the  Seminary  in  Qu('l)e';,  having  re- 
sided then!  most  of  his  lil'u  nftur  hiB 
rifignation  of  the  titm  of  Quebec, 
Jiiu'y  24,  1088.  Esquisso  de  la  Vie 
et  des  'rruvaux  AjKWtoliciui'H  de 
Mgr.  Laval,  ii|).  71,  7i;  Jucheruau, 


Iloussard's  account  of  his  death  in 
the  AheiUe,  I.  w.)s.  9  to  ll,an.l  VIII, 
31,  33.  IX  no.  1. 

'  Tho  torui  Choctaw,  will  be  used 
hereafter  for  the  French  form. 


212 


HIBTOIIY  OF  NEW  FRANCB. 


Projnctpd 
CJcpodlllon 

in  N«w- 
fuandlttud. 


'709-      rovorso  in    Nowfoundlivuil,   which   completely    dostroyed 
"""^''""^  their  prestif^o  iu  the  luiudo  '>f  "U  the  tribes  on  this  conti- 
ueut. 

I  httvo  ulroiuly  observed  thiit  the  coutro  and  stores  of 
all  the  English  settlements  on  thiit  island,  were  on  Bt. 
John's  Bay.  De  Saiut  Ovido,  King's  LioutonaHt  at  Pla- 
centia,  and  nephew  of  Mr.  do  Brouilian,'  tho  former  Gov- 
ernor, proposed  to  Mr.  de  Costebollo,  the  actual  Gov- 
ernor, to  reduce  it,  adding  that  he  would  do  so  at  his  own 
expense.  His  project  having  been  approved,  he  collected 
a  hundred  and  twenty-five  men,  Indians,  colonists  and 
sailors,  who  were  joined  by  twenty  soldiers  recently  arrived 
from  Acadia.under  the  command  of  the  Siour  Benou,  lieu- 
tenant ;  do  Costebelle  gave  him  also  twenty-four  men  from 
Lis  gari'ison,  commanded  by  a  lieutenant ;  and  de  la 
Koude,  already  distinguished  iu  the  defence  of  Port 
Boyal,  offered  to  go  as  a  mere  volunteer.' 

The  shortest  way  was  to  go  by  sea,  and  this  was  tho 
plan  of  the  commandant  of  the  expedition;  but  having 
been  detained  by  headwinds  till  December  14th,  ho  would 
wait  no  longer,  and  began  his  march  over  the  snow.'     On 
the  20th  ho  reached  the  head  of  St.  Mary's  Bay,  whither 
two  double  sloops  had  been  sent  by  do  Costebelle  to  ena- 
ble our  men  to  cross  an  arm  of  the  sea,  four  or  five  leagues 
broad,  thus  saving  them  two  days  very  severe  marching ; 
profiting  by  this,  they  arrived,  on  the  last  day  of  the  year, 
within  five  leagu  d  of  St.  John  without  being  discovered ; 
but  not   without   experiencing   much  contradiction   from 
persons  who  wished  ill  to  St.  Ovide,  and  who  seemed  to 
have  chosen  to  come  only  to  thwart  his  expedition. 
\ttack  find     As  they  could  succeed  only  by  surprise,  they  now,  be- 
st'john!^  fore  proceeding  further,  prepared  all  needed  to  attack  on 
arriving.     This   done   with   incredible   celerity,  the  com- 
mandant, the  next  morning  (Jan.  1st),  two  hours  before 
day,  pushed  on  in  a  clear  moonlight  to  the  head  of  St. 


'  Subsequently   Oovcrnor  of  lalo    ada  Docunionte,   III.    v.,  (Wgu   841. 
lioyaleort'iipuBroton.  (Charlevoix.)        "  He  sot  out  tho  13tL.    Camvda 
*  The  whole  force  was  ltt4.    Cau-    Doc.,  IU.  v.,  p.  843. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


•18 


JoIid'h  liiirbor,  whonoo  ho  rccoimoitrod  the  whoK)  plnco 
loiHunily.  [Ih  then  niiirchod  on,  Unl  by  bml  miidoH,  wliom 
lio  sliould  hiivn  diMtnihtoil,  iiud  wlio  luoroly  souijht  to  do- 
foiit  liis  phius. 

Ah  Hoon  iih  ho  detected  their  treachery  he  moved  from 
th(i  centre,  wliero  ho  wan,  to  tlie  viiu,  whoro  tlio  vohuitocrs 
wore,  and  put  himself  at  their  head,  hiaviiig  iu  the  place  he 
had  just  loft,  the  Sieur  Doypensons,  acting  as  major.  Ho 
was  discovered  throe  hundred  paces  from  the  fort  he  do- 
siguod  attacking,  so  that  some  mnskotry  firo  opened  on 
him  as  ho  approached  the  lirst  palisade.  Some  of  his  vol- 
unteers abandoned  him,  but  this  did  not  prevent  his  i)ush- 
iug  on  to  the  covered  way,  the  entrance  to  which  they  had 
fortunately  n*>glocted  to  close.  He  entennl  shouting  I'ive, 
h'  Ji"!/,  a  cry  that  roused  the  courage  of  his  own  men,  and 
made  the  English  lose  all  heart.  Leaving  lifteen  or  six- 
teen men  to  guard  the  covered  way,  ho  crossed  the  ditch 
under  the  fire  of  two  other  forts,  which  wounded  tea  of  his 
men,  planted  two  ladders  against  the  rampart,  which  was 
twenty  foot  high,  and  scaled  it  witji  six  men,  three  of  whom 
were  dangerously  wounded  in  so  doing. 

As  that  moment  Despensons  arrived  with  his  detach- 
ment and  at  once  planted  is  ladders.  He  was  the  first  to 
ascend,  entering  the  fort  with  two  or  three  others,  llo- 
nou,  Johannis,  du  Piessis,  la  Chesnaye,  d'Argeutouil  ami 
d'Aillebout  his  brother,  followed  close  on  this  brave  man ; 
some  seized  the  barracks,  others  the  Governor's  quarters, 
while  others  ran  to  the  drawbridge  connecting  this  fort, 
called  Fort  William,  with  that  of  the  colonists,  and  the 
Governor,  who  was  hastening  tc  throw  iu  three  hundred 
settlers,  was  struck  down  with  three  wounds.' 

Despensons  immediately  lowered  the  drawbridge  and 
opened  the  gate.  Then  all  the  rest  of  the  army  entered 
and  the  English  cried  quarter.  Thus,  in  less  than  half  an 
hour  the  French  took  two  forts,  either  of  wliich  might 
have  long  resisted  a  whole  army ;  one  had  eighteen  guns 


1709. 


Cauada  Doc,  III.  v.,  p.  S43. 


914 


IIISTOIIV  OF  NKW  FUANCE. 


•700  iuouat«t(1,  four  mortutH  for  hoiulmlirllH,  twcuty  for  Knui- 
ftdt'H  uiul  ft  giuriHou  of  ovor  11  luiiulroil  inon,  coiuiimmhul 
by  II  vory  briive  oflicor.'  Tho  other  luul  six  huudrod 
coloiiiHtH  Willi  iuticiiolioil,  rt'iuly  to  coimj  to  tho  Ktu-cor 
of  tho  tirnt  fort,  Imt  a  Hubtorriiuoftii  door  by  which  thciy 
uxpoctod  to  pftHH  whou  occuHion  required,  wuh  fouud  ho 
well  cloaod  tlmt  it  could  uot  bo  forced  opou  in  time.  A 
third  and  siiiallor  fort  still  remained  at  the  entrauce  of  tho 
port,  but  on  the  otht^r  Hide.  De  St.  Ovido  nent  to  Hummon 
it,  and  the  Commandant  auked  twenty-four  hourn  to  reply  : 
tluH  wuH  granted,  and  at  tho  expiration  of  that  time, 
ulthough  he  had  eighty  men  in  a  Htrong  work,  provisions 
for  several  montlis,  (piito  a  good  supply  of  artillery,  largo 
cannon  and  one  bomb  mortar,  as  well  as  a  bomb-proof 
vaidt,  ho  surrendered. 

As  soon  aa  St.  Ovido  was  in  posseHsiou  of  St.  John,  he 

dispatched  a   messenger  to   inform  de  Costebolle   of  the 

11  ioiiVicriV)  succeHs  of  his  enterprise.    Learning  then  that  some  of  the 

I'l.ieililift     T--        1-    1       1       1  14 

hikI  II  ihip  ji.uglisii   had   escaped   t 


Aftor 

mkiiii;  It, 

iW  St. 

OvIdeticiiilB 


ihli: 
to  Krikiicu. 


to   Belle-Isle,   which   is   only   five 


oscapei 

leagues  from  St.  John  ;  that  they  had  found  a  ship  there 
and  had  embarked  for  England,  ho  deemed  it  expedient  to 
let  the  court  of  France  learn  what  had  boon  achieved,  as 
early  as  that  of  Loudon — as  moreover  ho  was  desirous  of 
receiving  oidors  from  Franco  as  to  his  further  course  :  ho 
accordingly  ordered  DcHpensons  to  takts  a  small  vessel 
then   viug  in  the  harbor  of  St.  John  and  sail  at  once.' 

This  step  offended  tho  Governor  of  Placeutia,  who  was 
ignorant  of  tho  departure  of  the  three  Englishmen  for 
Europe,  and  who,  being  convinced  that  tho  capture  of  St. 
John  was  imknown  in  England,  supposed  that  vessels 
would  sail  as  usual  for  that  port,  and  bo  easily  captured 
by  him.  This  was  at  least  his  first  reflection,  or  the  pre- 
text ho  alleged  for  censuring  his  King's  Lieutenant.  Ho 
then  ciiuuged  his  mind,  and  decided  that  it  was  useless  to 
consult  the  court  as  to  the  retention  of  St.  John,  which  he 
deemed  imi)Ossiblo  without  leaving  Placeutia  defenceless, 


Canada  IVk-.,  III.  v.,  p.  »75. 


'  C'liuada  I><j<;timentii,  III.  v.,  p.  644. 


HIHl'OliY  OK  NKW   KltA?ICE. 


918 


tliiit  pliico  liiiviiiK  foi"  i<  }'<"iir  l'<"'i»  lucimcfil  with  ii  slcgo.       '7'^9' 
Ho  moii'ovKr  jml^'iiil  Hint  tlio  Iviiij^  wuh  (lisiiicliiioil  tosoud     ~ »  "■  ' 
him  iiiou  tiuotigii,  \u)t\i  to  (htfoiul  liiH  own  fort,  liud  iiiiiiu- 
tiiiu  liiiiiHulf  in  u  iliHtimt  port,  hh  ditllcalt  to  giiunl  us  Bt. 
John. 

Ho  accoiilingly  ordorod  St.  Ovido  to  doniolisli  tho  fortn  hi.  .roim  u 
and  roturu  to  I'liicontin  at  tlio  hiti'wt  \>y  tho  oud  of  March. 
Ho  Hont  liim  a  fri^iito  to  carry  tho  (governor,  onginoor  and 
garrison  of  thoHO  Hanio  forts,  with  tlio  luunitions  of  war, 
of  which  hirgo  (lunntitios  woro  fouml,  a  party  of  tiiroo 
liuudrod  En^dish  having  boon  on  thu  point  of  marching  to 
Burpriso  Phicontia.'  Tiio  jjrisouors  and  proporty  that 
couUl  not  bu  put  on  board  tho  frigato  wero  ofFon-d  tor  rau- 
Bom ;  and  I*Ir.  thi  St.  Ovido,  who  asked  only  ono  hiindrod 
luou  to  hold  his  conqnost,  and  rodueo  couiplotoly  all  tho 
oastorn  shore  of  Nowfoundlaud,  not  only  had  tho  mortifi* 
catiou  of  sooiug  himsolf  forcod  to  abandon  it  all,  but  also 
of  learning  that  tho  court,  after  first  sharing  tlio  opinion 
of  the  Governor  of  Placoutia,  had  roturuod  to  his  when  it 
was  too  late. 

Tho  capture  of  St.  John  was  not  yet  known  at  Quebec       ne 
when  tidings  reached  it  from  several  quarters,  that  a  largfl  duueivcd  by 
force  was  preparing  at  Boston,  which  was  to  be  supported    iroijuoi*. 
by  a  sijuadron  from  England,  to  attack  Canada,  and  that 
an  army  of  two   thousand  men  was  assembling  in  New 
York,  which  was  first  to  seize  Chambly  and  then  fall  upon 
Montreal,  which  is  only  five  leagues  distant.*     More  than 
a  year  before.  Father  do  Mareuil,'  missi-onary  at  Ononda- 
ga, had  informed  tho  Governor-General  that  tho  Iroquois 


I  Cunada  Documnntg,  III.  v.,  p.  ti't'i. 
Tho  EuglinL  Govurnor  of  St.  .lolit's 
was  Bont  to  Qunbi'c.  Juchisroau, 
Hiatoire  de  I'llotol  Dion,  p  448-451 
Peilley,  Uiot.  Niuvl'oundlaud,  pp.  44- 
6,  is  very  vague,  giving  no  details, 
and  not  even  the  namu  of  tlie  Eng- 
lisii  (^ummtindaut. 

■'  See  N.  y.  Col.  Doc.,  Ix.,  pp.  815, 
817,  824. 

'  Ue  died  iu  1743,  at  the  College 


of  Ix>uitl  le  (Jrand.  Chaili'iaix.  Seo 
Ills  letter,  May  ','4, 1708.  N.  Y.  C.  D., 
ix.,  p.  815.  The  order  for  his  seizure 
wiis  given,  June  30, 1709.  Calendar, 
N.  1.  MSS.  Eng.,  p.  :!05.  AlthougU 
under  H<'llom(infH  peuiil  law  he  was 
Buhjoct  to  imprisonment  for  life,  tho 
N.  Y.  Assembly  mudo  provision  for 
his  decent  muintenanee.  .Journal  of 
the  Aswembly.  Hist.  CatUjlic  Mis- 
sions, p.  831. 


11 


216 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1709, 


The 

cantons 

declare 

aguiust  na. 


were  strongly  urged  to  declare  against  us,  and  that  one  of 
tlieso  Indians,  of  great  influence  in  that  same  canton,  was 
the  secret  author  of  this  intrigue;  but  this  information 
found  no  credence  with  do  Vaudreuil,  over-prejudiced  in 
favor  of  the  perfidious  Iroquois. 

Meanwhile  the  treaty  was  concluded  at  Onondaga  itself, 
only  the  Senecas  declining  to  enter  it,  and  the  war-song 
was  chanted  in  the  other  four  cantons.  A  relative  of  the 
Governor  of  Albany  gave  early  notice  to  Father  de  Ma- 
reuil,  already  in  receipt  of  orders  from  his  Superior  to 
leave  Onondaga  ;  but  that  missionary,  unable  to  return  to 
Canada,  as  the  roads  were  already  beset  by  war-parties, 
was  compelled  to  accept  the  offers  of  the  Hollander  just 
mentioned,  who  offered  him  a  shelter  at  Albany.  Ho  was 
there  detained  as  a  prisoner ;  but  with  this  exception  had 
every  reason  to  praise  the  Governor,  who  welcomed  him 
cordially  and  treated  him  with  great  regard. 
Exertions  He  was  then  summoned  to  Manhatte,  (New  York,)  and 
Voudrcua  wherever  he  passed,  witnessed  the  English  preparations 
for  the  Chambly  expedition.  De  Vaudreuil  soon  received 
positive  information,  which  forced  him  to  go  to  Montreal 
in  January,"  after  giving  orders  to  put  the  capifjal  in  a  de- 
fensive position,  and  to  hold  the  regulars  and  militia  ready 
to  march  at  the  first  signal.  He  at  the  same  time  raised  a 
party  of  two  hundred  and  fifty  men,  which  he  sent  towards 
Lake  Champlain  under  the  command  of  de  Rouville  ;  but 
that  officer,  hearing  nothing  of  the  enemy,  and  having  no 
orders  to  go  further,  returned  to  Montreal  without  doing 
anything." 


'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  824. 

'  Vaudreuil  alludoa  to  Rouville's 
and  de  la  Perriere'g  scout.  N.  Y. 
Ijol.  Doc.,  ix.,  p.  830.  They  subse- 
quently struck  off  towards  the  Con- 
necticut, anil  on  the  2M  June,  1700, 
O.  S.,  attacked  DeerHeld.  lb.  831. 
Their  force  was  180  men.  Penlial- 
low's  Indian  Wars,  \).  oO.  Hutchin- 
son, ii.,  p.  103.     N.  H.  Ilis-t.  Coll.,  i. 


p.  .  On  the  way,  an  Iroquois,  Ti 
connondadiha,  deserted  and  reached 
Albany.  See  his  examination.  N. 
Y.  Col.  Doc.,  v.,  p.  80.   June  33. 

Vaudreuil  experienced  in  his  do 
mestio  circle  the  accidents  of  war : 
Ills  wife  having  been  ca])turo(l  at 
sea  by  the  English  in  1701).  Ju- 
chereau,  Histoire  de  I'llotel  Dieu.,  p. 
455. 


niSrORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


S17 


On  tho  lOtli  of  May,  Vesclie,'  who  in  1703  had  sounded      1710. 
all  the  difficult  pussag  a  in  the  Saint   Lawrence,  under        ■      ' 
pretext  of  coining  to  Quebec  to  treat  for  an  exchange  of 
prisoners,  arrived   from   Eugland  at  Boston,  and  thence  ^  Pff^^,r^,-,^ 
posted  to  New  York  to  press  the  raising  of  the   troops  Ku'^lk'uio 
intended  to   operate   against  Montreal.     This   was   soon     o'oi.my. 
known  in  tho  latter  city,  '.is  well  as  tlio  fact  that  Vescho 
had  presented  to  Queen  Anne  a  very  full  memoir  to  show 
how  easily  Canada  could  be  reduced,  and  the  advantage 
of  the  conquest  to  England. 

It  was  added  that  her  Britannic  Majesty  had  accepted 
his  project,  and  promised  him,  in  case  of  success,  tho  gov- 
ernorship of  New  W'-anoc;  that  she  was  arming,  in  her 
ports,  ten  large  ships,  and  ten  smaller ;  that  this  tieet  was 
to  carry  six  thousand  regulars,  to  be  commanded  by  Ma- 
cardi,  a  creature  of  the  Duke  of  Marlborough ;  that  two 
thousand  English  and  as  many  Indians  were  to  attack  the 
district  of  Montreal ;  Chicot  River,  two  leagues  from  Lake 
Champlain,  having  been  assigned  as  the  rendezvous,  and 
that  their  canoes  and  btvtteaux  were  to  be  built  there  so  as 
to  descend  to  Chambly." 


•  Samuel  Vetcli,  son  of  a  minister 
at  Edinburgh,  was  in  1098  connect- 
ed with  tho  Scots  settlement  at  Dr.- 
rion.  In  1700  he  came  to  Now 
York  and  married  into  the  Living- 
ston family.  In  1701  he,  apparently 
in  violation  of  both  French  and  En- 
glish laws,  sent  the  sloop  Mary, 
with  a  cargo,  to  Quebec,  but  from 
subsequent  revelations,  probably 
with  a  view  to  study  the  river  St. 
Lawrence.  In  1705  Gov.  Dudley 
sent  him  to  Quebec  to  propose  an 
exchange  of  prisoners,  and  ho  ac- 
tually sounded  the  river  at  various 
parts.  Ante,  p.  170.  In  1708  his 
plan  for  8ubjugating  Canada  was 
approved.  In  1710  he  uccoiiipKuied 
NkIioIsou's  Port  Uo3-al  expedition 
as  ^.djutant-Uenoral,  and  was  made 
Ooveri\or  of  Nova  Scotia,  retaining 
the  office  till  1714.     Haliburton,  i., 


93.  Before  1719  he  returned  to  En- 
gland, where  lie  died,  April  <J0, 
1733.  O'Callaghan,  Voyage  of  the 
Sloop  Mary,  pp.  si-xvi. 

'  Col.  Vetch  was  to  command  a 
squadron  of  five  ships  to  be  at  Bos- 
ton in  May.  Five  regiments  were  to 
come  from  England,  to  1)6  joined  by 
1300  men  from  Massachusetts  and 
Rhode  Island  to  attack  Quebec, 
while  1500  men  from  the  colonies 
south  of  Rhode  Island,  were  to  attack 
MoJitreal.  Lord  Lovelace  was  to 
appoint  the  general  otiicer,  and  as 
ho  died,  Ingoldsby  named  Lieuten- 
ant-Governor Nicholson.  Hutchin- 
son, Hist,  of  Mass.,  ii.,  p  101.  Tlie 
whole  tiling  miscarried ;  the  fleet 
having  been  ordered  to  Portugal  ; 
but  this  was  not  known,  and  tho 
New  England  troops  waited  till  Oc- 
tober,  lb. 


:''i  i 


ii 


■'  I 


218 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


1 710. 


De 

Kiimczay 
iimrclics 

them. 


The 

expedition 

fuils  to 

Bucceed. 

Why? 


Ou  this  intclligonco  de  Vaudrcnil  assembled  a  great 
council  of  war,  iu  which  it  was  decided  to  march  at  once 
on  New  York,  to  scatter  the  tempest  gathering  there,  so 
that  the  colony,  relieved  in  that  direction,  might  collect  all 
its  forces  against  the  English  fleet  if  it  came  to  Quebec. 
There  was  apparently  not  a  moment  to  lose  to  carry  out 
this  plan,  and  de  Ramezay,  Governor  of  Montreal,  ofl'ered 
to  execute  it.  His  offer  was  not  accepted  at  first,  appa- 
rently from  no  other  reason  than  the  want  of  harmony  be- 
tween him  and  the  Governor-General.  De  Vaudreuil 
merely  detached  Captain  do  Sabrevois,  with  tliirty  men,  to 
proceed  to  meet  Rouville,  not  yet  returned,  and  cover  his 
retreat. 

Two  months  later,  as  no  one  doubted  but  that  the  English 
were  on  the  march  with  a  large  Iroquois  and  Mohegan 
force,  and  news  came  that  they  had  thrown  up  several 
forts  at  intervals  between  Orange,  (Albany,)  and  Lake 
St.  Sacrement,  (George);'  de  Vaudreuil  at  last  yielded  to  the 
entreaties  of  the  Governor  of  Montreal,  assigning  him  fifteen 
hundred  men,  one  hundred  soldiers,  the  rest  militia  and  In- 
dians. Several  oflScers  volunteered  to  go,  most  of  them 
already  distinguished  on  various  occasions,  but  they  did 
not  on  this  occasion  do  all  expected  of  them." 

All  being  thus  arranged,  the  General  went  down  to  Que- 
bec ■  to  urge  on  the  works  in  progress  according  to  his 
orders,  and  to  detain  there  all  the  ships  that  might  come 
from  France,  to  use  them  if  necessary.  On  the  28th  of 
July,  de  Ramezay  left  Montreal,  his  van,  under  Captain  de 
Montigny,  composed  of  fifty  French  and  two  hundred 
Abenaquis,  and  supported  by  Rouville  with  a  hundred 
Canadians.  After  them  came  a  himdred  soldiers  of  the 
King's  troops  under  de  la  Chassaigne.'  The  Governor  of 
Montreal  followed,  at  the  head  of  five  hundred  Canadians 
in  five  companies,  commanded  by  de  St.  Martin,  des  Jor- 


'  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  833. 

'  For  Vaudreuil's  account  of  his 
action,  see  N.  Y.Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  830. 
lb.  bliU.     Furliind,  ii.,  p.  3TiM. 


=    N.  Y.   Col.  Doc,  Ix.,  p.  840. 
*  See  ante  iv.,  p.  143,  v.,  p.  5i)  ; 
Daniol,  Nos  Qloires,  ii.,  p.  393. 


HISTOUr  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


219 


dis,  de  Sabrevois,'  do  Lignery  and  des  Cliaillons.  The 
Christian  Iroquois  formed  the  roar,  commanded  by  Jon- 
caire.     Some  Ottawas  and  Nipissiugs  were  on  the  flanks. 

The  army  marched  forty  leagues  in  three  days,  con- 
stantly observing  tho  disposition  just  described ;  and  there 
is  no  doubt  that  had  they  pushed  on  to  the  enemy's  camp, 
they  would  have  made  short  work  of  it ;  but  tho  want  of 
concert  between  the  officers  and  tho  commandant,  and  the 
lack  of  subordination  in  the  troops,  which  is  a  necessary 
consequence,  and  the  erroneous  information  given  to  do 
Kamoisay,  defeated  an  expedition,  the  success  of  which 
seemed  inevitable.  After  routing  a  detachment  of  one 
hundred  and  seventeen  men,  who  had  advanced  too  far, 
the  commander  of  which  was  killed,  a  rumor  spread  that  a 
corps  of  about  five  thousand  men  was  not  far  off,  well 
intrenched.' 

The  Indians  at  the  same  time  advised  against  any  fur- 
ther advance,  thinking  it  better  to  go  and  defend  the  ad- 
vanced posts  rather  than  to  go  so  far  in  search  of  an  ene- 
my who  had  such  leisure  to  fortify  his  camp  well,  and  who 
could  still  be  reinforced  by  all  the  young  men  of  Albany 
and  Schenectady.  On  this  a  council  of  war  was  held,  and 
it  was  unanimously  resolved  to  retire.  The  Governor  of 
Montreal  was  forced  to  yield  to  this  deliberation ;  brought 
to  this  decision  less  by  the  orders  he  had  received  not  to 
expose  himself  to  a  general  action  unless  forced  to  it, 
than  by  fear  of  not  being  supported  by  all  who  were  un- 
der his  orders.' 


1710. 


I  Charlevoix,  Journal,  p.  150,  culls 
him  a  good  ofBcor,  of  one  of  the 
first  houses  in  Beauce.  JaC(iUfS 
Charles  de  i^ahrevois  came  over  a 
lieutenant  in  de  Muy'H  company, 
was  made  Knight  of  St.  l.ouis  in 
1718,  and  died  at  Montreal, of  which 
he  WHS  major,  in  1737,  aged  UO. 
Daniel,  i.,  i))).  128-9. 

*  De  Uamezny  to  M.  de  Vaudreuil, 
Oct.  19,  1709;  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p. 
8;10.  The  French  also  encountered 
Capt,    Wright's    party    from   Nor- 


thampton, Lieut.  John  Wells  was 
killed  and  William  Moody  taken. 
Penhallow,  p.  50. 

3  'I'his  affair  took  jdace  near 
Crown  Point.  N.  Y.  Col.  Do;.,  ix., 
pp.  830,  841.  Uamezay's  scouting 
l)iirty,  led  by  his  neplu^w,  was  dis- 
coveiMxl  l)y  the  New  York  troops. 
He  UuuIihI  and  attaekiMl  tlum  as  they 
passed,  killing  'M.  Canada  Doc, 
11.  ii.,  p.  3il?.  Hiuitli,  History  of  Ni'w 
York.  p.  ]3(i,  is  !-ilint  as  to  the  affair. 

This  expedition  against  Canada 


1'    ',.      i 


i    I 


220 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1 7 10.         On  his  return  to  Montreal,  towards  the  middle  of  Sep- 

*-"-•»'—'  tember,  intelligence  was  brought  by  an  Iroquois,  just  coma 

jjg       from  the  enemy's  camp,  that  twenty-five  hundred  men 

yaudrouii  ^^ere  on  the  march  to  go  and  build  a  new  fort  at  the  ex- 
encamps  al  <-> 

Cbainbiy.  tiemity  of  Lake  St.  Sacrement,  and  that  six  hundred  had 
been  detached  to  occupy  a  post  on  Lake  Champlain,'from 
which  they  could  in  two  days  reach  Ohambly.  He  imme- 
diately dispatched  this  Indian  to  Quebec,  where  de  Vau- 
dreuil  was,  and  that  general,  who  saw  no  further  danger 
of  beiijg  besieged  in  his  capital,  embarked  on  the  spot  for 
Montreal,  collected  a  considerable  force  of  regulars  and 
militia,  with  whom  he  took  post  at  Ohambly,"  and 
remained  there  some  time  without  hearing  anything  of 
the  enemy.' 

He  then  sent  out  two  detachments  of  fifty  men  each 
under  des  Chaillons  and  de  Montigny,  to  reconnoitre  the 
enemy.  These  two  officers  approached  very  near  the  iu- 
trenchments;  Montigny  even,  with  two  Indians,  v/ent  to 
count  and  measure  the  canoes,  and  some  Abenaquis  of  his 
party  having  advanced  between  the  two  largest  fo^ts,  tom- 
ahawked two  Englishmen  going  fi-om  one  to  the  other.* 
^"^reUre™^  Some  time  af'er,  news  came  that  the  enemy  had  burnt 
their  canoes,  and  laid  all  his  forts  in  ashes  and  retired  in 
great  confusion,  cursing  Vesche,  the  projector  of  such  a 
disastrous  expedition.'  It  was  in  fact  most  fatal  to  the 
English ;  but  the  French  did  not  so  soon  know  either  the 
full  extent  of  the  loss  which  the  English  sustained  on  this 
occasion,  or  the  real  cause. 

The  rumor  at  first  was  that  they  wore  compelled   to 
retreat  by  the  fear  of  soon  having  de  Vaudreuil  upon  them, 


,ri} 


projected  by  Samuol  Vetch,  was  to 
be  commanded  by  Francis  Nicliol- 
Bon,  ex-Lieutenant-Gov.  of  Now  York. 
New  Ifork  raised  487  men,  besides 
the  ind^'cndent  companies,  and  sent 
them  to  Albany,  Juno  '27.  'i'hcnce 
they  procccdi-u  to  Wood  t'reek,  and 
built  three  forts  with  many  block- 
hoMsi'S  and  slure-liouses.  They  had 
(100  Indians  and  niiiintuined  tlieir 
families  at  Alljauy.    The  oxpedilion 


cost  New  York  above  £30,000. 
Smith,  Hist,  of  New  York,  p.  130. 

'  Crown  Point. 

'  Fort  Pontchartrain  de  Cliambly, 
Arrets  et  Ordon,,  ii  ,  ]>.  158. 

'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartrain, 
Nov.  14, 1709.   N.  i.  Col.  Doc.,ix.,p. 

8a;!. 

1  Sauu'  to  same.  May  1,  1710.   N. 
Y.  Col.  Doe.,  ix.,  p.  81'.'. 
'  lb.,  p.  8J9,  813,  815,  847. 


I! 


221 


1710, 


What, 
defeated 


niSTOKY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 

with  all  the  forces  of  the  French  colony,  and,  in  fact,  when 
news  reached  Corlar,  (Schenectady,)  that  the  Governor- 
General  was  at  Chambly  with  a  large  force,  the  panic  was 
so  great  that  all  the  country-people  were  summoned  into 
the  fort ;  but  this  panic  was  in  part  caused  by  the  total 
ruin  of  the  English  army,  as  to  which  nothing  definite  was 
known  till  Father  de  Mareuil's  return. 

This  missionary  having  been  exchanged  for  a  nephew  of 
the  Governor  of  Albany,'  made  known  all  the  circumstan-  tiio'^Kn,^r|iJii 
ces,  as  well  as  to  what  New  France  was  indebted  for  its  ^^i"^'i"'<'n- 
escape  from  the  great  peril  it  had  been  exposed  to  on  that 
side.  Four  Iroquois  can^^ons,  as  already  noticed,  had  de- 
clared in  favor  of  the  English ;  but  these  Indians  were  far 
from  intending  to  help  their  allies  to  expel  the  French 
from  Canada.  The  Mohawks  had  explained  to  an  Abena- 
qui,  the  necessity  they  were  under  of  taking  part  in  a  war, 
of  which  they  had  resolved  to  remain  peaceful  spectators, 
and  in  the  great  council  held  at  Onondaga,  while  Father 
de  Mareuil  was  still  there,  that  religious  understood,  from 
the  report  of  some  of  his  emissaries,  that  the  Eughsh 
woiald  derive  no  great  benefit  from  their  alliance  with  the 
Iroquois. 

He  was  told  that  the  Onondaga  orator,  or  some  of  the 
sachems  of  that  canton,  had  asked  whether  they  no  longer 
remembered  that  their  nation,  lying  between  two  powerful 
nations,  each  able  to  exterminate  ihem,  and  both  interest- 
ed in  doing  so,  when  they  no  longer  needed  their  help, 
their  whole  attention  should  be  devoted  to  keeping  both 
always  in  the  necessity  of  conciliating  them,  and  conse- 
quently preventing  either  from  prevailing  over  the  other. 
That  his  speech  made  an  impression  on  the  council,  and  a 
resolution  was  adopted  to  act  in  the  present  circumstances 
according  to  the  rule  of  policy  hitherto  observed. 

In  fact,  the  Iroquois  had  no  sooner  joined  the  English 
army,  than,  believing  it  strong  enough  to  take  Montreal 


Iroquois 
policy. 


ii    i 


i 


I] 


l-i 


'  IJout.  Barent  Staats,  of  tlie  N.  Y.  militia,  whoso  aunt  I'etor  Scliuyler 
uiarriod. 


J    i 


j  a 


222 


HISTOllY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


).:     ;  ' 


l!  '      I 


1710, 


They   .nuse 

the 

destruction 

of  tlui 

English 

army. 


Why  the 

Eiiiillsli 

flout  (lid  not 

reach 

Quebec. 


The 

Irofiiioia 

send 

deputies  to 

dc 
Vaudieuil. 


■vrithout  thoir  help,  they  tl>  ought  only  of  means  to  destroy 
it,  and  resorted  to  the  following.  The  army  was  encamped 
on  the  banks  of  a  little  river;  the  Iroquois,  who  spent 
almost  all  the  time  hunting,  throw  into  it,  just  above  the 
camp,  all  the  skins  of  the  animals  they  flayed,  and  the  wa- 
ter -was  thus  soon  all  corrupted.  The  English,  unsuspi- 
cious of  this  treachery,  continued  to  drink  this  water,  and 
it  carried  off  so  many,  that  Father  do  Mareuil,  and  two  offii- 
eers  who  went  to  Orange  (Albany)  to  conduct  him  to 
Canada,  observing  the  giaves  where  the  dead  were  buried, 
estimated  the  number  at  over  a  thousand.' 

It  is  certain  that  this  mortality,  the  cause  of  which  was 
not  known  to  the  English  tUl  long  after,  compelled  the 
army  to  leave  so  fatal  a  spot,  where  they  saw  well  that  they 
could  not  avoid  utter  defeat  if  the  French  should  come  and 
uttack  them.  They  returned  to  Mauhatte,  (New  York,)  to 
learn,  on  arriving,  that  the  English  vessels  intended  to  be- 
siege Quebec  had  not  reached  Boston  at  all,  having  been 
sent  to  Lisbon,  where  the  ill  success  of  the  Portuguese 
arms  on  the  frontiers  of  Castile,  early  in  this  campaign, 
inspired  fears  that  the  Iving  of  Portugal  would  be  forced 
to  make  terms  with  Spain,  unless  he  was  promptly  relieved.' 

At  last,  during  the  ensuing  winter,  the  Onondagas  sent 
deputies  to  Vaudreuil  to  ask  to  be  received  into  his  favor. 
They  first  assured  him  that  they  had  had  no  design  of 
injuring  the  French  ;  but  gave  no  explanation  as  to  the 
means  they  had  adopted  to  neutralize  the  vast  prepara- 
tions of  the  English.  They  explained  that  the  war  had 
not  been  undertaken  by  the  unanimous  consent  even  of  the 


.:.  1 


'  Hutchinson  says,  (ii.,  p.  101,) 
that  he  liad  a  letter  dated  New 
York,  Nov.  7,  1709,  stating  that 
many  of  the  foldiers  wlio  were  at 
the  lake,  died  as  if  they  had  Leen 
poisoned.  The  Sieiirs  de  la  Per- 
riere  and  Dupuy  were  sent  to  effect 
the  exchange.  N.  Y.  Col.  I)(jc  ,  ix., 
p.  842.  See  Penhallow.  p.  ,'57.  For 
New  York's  part  in  the  exjiedilion 
see  Smith,  pp.  110-120.     N.  Y.  Col. 


Doc.,v.  p.  164.  The  discontent  was 
great,  and  the  L't-Gov.  of  New  York 
declined  to  attend  the  Congress  of 
Governors  at  Reholioth,  H.  I.,  in 
October.  Hist.  Mags-  ine,  iii.,  pp.  80, 
123;  while  Col.  Schuyler  was  fcnt  to 
England  witli  five  Mohawk  sachems. 
Smith,  120-1.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  v.  p- 
105.  N.  Y.  Col.  MSS.  Eng.  p. 
303. 
'  See  note  ante,  (p  171.) 


IIIHTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


223 


cantons,  which  liacl  taknu  up  arms.  In  fino,  thoy  bcliovoil 
tho  Governor  so  little  incousccl  against  them  that  thoy  had 
the  hardihood  to  ask  him  to  pardon  tho  Dutch,  and 
especially  Mr.  Schuilor  for  breaking  tlio  truco,  averring 
that  he  had  not  boon  free  to  keep  it  longer.' 

The  fact  was  so :  moreover  tho  po.sition  of  colonial 
affairs  forbid  his  rejecting  the  excuses  of  such  a  suppliant, 
at  the  risk  of  making  him  an  irreconcilable  enemy. 
This  ttie  Iroquois  saw  full  well,  and  they  bilieved  them- 
selves entitled  to  some  gi-atitudo  for  taking  the  step  thoy 
did.  Moreover,  this  nation  had  always  shown  that  it  dis- 
approved the  war  between  the  French  and  English,  and  in 
a  second  audience  given  by  the  General  to  the  deputies, 
the  spokesman,  after  expressing  his  regret  to  see  two  na- 
tions whom  he  esteemed,  ho  said,  almost  constantly  en- 
gaged in  mutual  destruction,  he  added  with  a  frankness 
now  scarcely  known  except  among  savages  :  "Are  you  then 
both  drunk?  or  is  it  I  who  have  lost  my  senses?" 

He  also  proposed  an  exchange  of  prisoners  between  the 
Dutch  and  French,  and  it  was  accepted  and  executed  in 
good  faith  on  both  sides."  De  Vaudreuil  then  told  the 
deputies  that  his  allies  only  awaited  his  permission  to  de- 
clare war  on  them,  and  that  if  they  wished  to  avoid  that 
annoyance,  they  must  remain  quiet ;  that  on  the  first 
movement  he  noticed  on  their  part,  he  would  leave  all  his 
children  free  to  dash  in  upon  them. 

Scarcely  had  the  Onondagas  gone,  when  some  Mohawks 
were  seen  arriving,  who  spoke  nearly  in  the  same  tone,  and 
protested  that  they  would  never  lift  the  hatchet  against  the 
French,  but  as  most  of  them  had  settled  in  the  neighbor- 
hood of  Orange  (Albany),  whither  Sehiulor  had  succeeded 
in  drawing  them,  de  Vaudreuil  felt  that  it  would  not  be 


1710. 


Thn 

si'iul 
deputies  lu 

Viiiidreiiil. 


'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartrain,  May 
1,   1710.    N.   Y.   Col.   Doc,  ix.,   p. 

*  Lieut.  Staats  was  exchanged  for 
Rev.    Peter    de    Marouil,    tlie    last 
Jesuit  missionary  at  Onondaga     N.     iiii»u    n-ntui^u    1 
Y.  Col.  Uoc,  ix.,  p.  830;  his  liouse     1711.    lb.  p.  855. 


and  chapel  had  been  burnt  at  Schuy- 
ler's instigation,  and  he  himself 
taken  really  as  a  prisoner  to  Al- 
bany Four  others  wore  also  ex- 
changed, lb.  pp.  84'2,  847.  lie  must 
have    reached    Montreal    in    April 


H 


•i24 


HISroUY   OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


Uusuccess- 
ful 


1710.     easy  for  tliem  to  keep  their  word  if  the  English  of  Now 
York  made  any  now  attempt  against  the  colony.     How- 
ever, he  received  the  deputies  well,  and  dismissed  them 
quite  satisfied.' 
The  joy  felt  in  Canada  over  the  defeat  of  Vesche's  groat 
oxmiUtlon  projects  was  somewhat  damped  by  news  of  the  failure  of  an 

toHudsun'S  *  inr  t-Ii<-|..»  -tti 

Bny.  attack  by  Sieur  do  Mautot  on  l^ort  oamt  Auuo  m  Hudson  s 
Buy,  in  which  that  officer  lost  his  life,  and  this  too  was 
u  blow  to  the  colony.  The  Governor -General  soema 
to  have  met  with  some  reproaches  on  this  occn-  .u,  for  in  a 
letter  addressed  to  de  Pontchartraiu  the  xt  year,  he 
uses  this  language :° 

"  In  regard  to  the  result  of  the  party  sent  to  Hudson's 
Baj-,  if  that  expedition  had  not  all  the  aucces  I  had  rea- 
son to  anticipate,  they  are  strokes  of  fortune  for  which  1 
cannot  answer.  My  orders  were  very  well  considered. 
Fort  Quitchitchouen,  (Saint  Anne),  is  not  impregnable; 
the  Sieur  de  Mantet  had  good  men,  provisions  still  for 
forr  months ;  he  pushed  up  to  the  palisade  undiscovered, 
and  failed  where  a  thousand  others  would  have  succeeded. 
It  was  not  lack  of  courage  or  experience ;  but  from  count- 
ing too  much  on  the  bravery  of  those  around  him,  and  an 
insufficient  reconnoissance  of  the  place  before  attacking  it. 
Many  of  those  who  went  there  have  proposed  to  me 
to  return,  even  with  a  smaller  force,  and  without  any 
expense  to  his  Majesty.'" 

Early  in  the  following  year  it  was  known  at  Quebec  that 
Acadia  was  again  menaced,  and  it  was  soon  after  ascer- 
tained from  English  prisoners,  that  six  men-of-war  had 
arrived  at  Boston  with  a  bomb  galliot  and  troops  for  laud- 
ing, in  order  to  besiege  Port  Eoyal.'    Some  of  these  pria- 


'  By  OrUinanco,  (April  13,  1709.) 
the  slavery  of  negroes  and  I'awnees 
was  recognized  in  Canada.  Mmi- 
treal,  Hist.  Soc.  Memoires,  p.  4. 

^  Jeremiu,  Relation  do  la  Hiiye  do 
Uudson,  (Voyages  au  iM)rd,  iii.,  p. 
3o5.)  dracribrs  the  liver,  but  omits 
all  notices  of  tliose  ei'ents  us  he  wa.j 
not  then  at  the  Bay. 


'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartraiu,  Oct, 
25,  1710.  Canada  Doc,  III.  v.,  p. 
138.    Raudot  to  same.   lb.  135-7. 

*  Vaudreuil,  Oct.  31,  1710,  an- 
nounces hearing,  Sept.  0,  that  3 
nienof-war,  a  bomb-kutch  ar.d  tran»- 
]iorts  with  1,000  men  were  at  Bos. 
ton,  where  tlioy  w.  ri'  to  take  iu  1,.?00 
mure  ;o  attack  i'ort  lioyai.     N.  Y. 


1 1 


i.f 


I  ] 

4^ .     ': 


«l 


I 


^;<'0;Vj)'_^ 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 

onors  added  that  it  wan  the  deHi>,'u  of  the  Qncon  of  Groat 
Britain  that  after  capturing  that  phico,  tho  sciuadrou  wliich 
took  it  should  wiutor  tlioro,  to  como  tho  uoxt  Hpriug  to  bo- 
siogo  Quoboc,  after  being  reinforced  by  anotlier  Hiiuivcboa 
which  was  to  sail  from  tho  ports  of  England  with  this  view, 
before  tho  close  of  tho  winter. 

This  information,  which  proved  but  too  well  founded, 
alarmed  do  Vaudrouil,  accustomed  to  similar  rumors  every 
year,  less  than  some  recent  outrages  of  our  allies  on  tho 
Iroquois,  who  nevertheless  contented  themselves  with  ask- 
ing redress  from  him,  although  the  Governor  of  Now  York 
used  every  exertion  to  induce  them  to  take  up  arms.  Do 
Vaudiouil  promised  them  tho  satisfaction  they  de8irod,and 
they  positively  refused  to  declare  against  us. 

Dudley  fared  no  better  with  tho  Abenaqris,  whom  he 
merely  asked  to  remain  neutral ;  they  would  never  listen  to 
any  t  'rms  with  him,  and  during  this  whole  campaign 
Now  England  beheld  every  vvhero  parties  of  these  Indiana 
and  Frenchmen,  who  desolated  a  very  extensive  tract  of 
country.  On  his  side,  do  Subercase  did  not  slumber.  Ho 
had  attracted  to  Acadia  several  West  India  buccanooers, 
whom  ho  employed  advantageously  to  make  dashes  on  the 
English,  whoso  commerce  was  thus  greatly  damaged. 

Ho  derived  also  another  advantage,  tho  captures  made 
by  these  privateers  keeping  tho  colony  in  plenty,  and  ena- 
bling him  to  make  rich  presents  to  tho  Indians.  Tliis  suc- 
cess inspired  him  with  the  design  of  forming  a  lai  go  settle- 
ment at  Port  de  la  Hove,  but  he  had  neither  leisure  nor 
means  to  carry  it  out.  The  buccaneers  deserted  him,  when 
he  needed  them  most ;  the  minister  of  tho  navj-,  from  whom 
he  had  solicited  one  or  two  frigates  to  cruise  oif  tho  Aca- 
dian coast,  could  not  send  any,  and  soon  after  ho  had  to 
prpi-iare  to  sustain  a  now  siege  in  Port  lioyal.' 


225 


1710. 


New 

oxpiidltlon 

fHtedoiit  Lit 

Uudlou. 


The 

Iroiiuols 
refuse  to 

declare 
nguinsl  us, 

mid  the 
Abcniiijuis 
toreiiiiiin 

uuuiruL 


("ol.  D(K-.,  ix.,  J).  8J9.  Col.  NieUolHoa 
anivod  at  Boston  July  IhI,  1710,  in 
13.  M,  eliip  Dragon,  with  the  Fal- 
nioiitU  and  a  bonib-sliip,  several 
transports,  a  regiment  of  marinen, 
provisions  andstoreti.    Penhallow,  p. 


make.5  the  Dragon  and  Falmouth 
arrive  July  15lh  fronj  Spitlieud; 
th>^  Li I  stall  and  Feversham  from 
N-w  V<'rk. 

'  Si'e  letters  of-Subercase,  Dec.  20, 
ITO.s,  Jan'y  3,  1710.    Canada  Doc., 


:  I 


58.   Lediard,  Nuvol  History,  p.  8i8,    lU.  v.,  pp.  824,  b4iJ. 


h 


22G 


HLSTOKV  OF  NFAV  FllANCE. 


1710. 


SllhtTriwii's 

pliMi  for 

di'finillii;; 

Aciiitlit, 


Tho 

Etmlisli 
rcsolvt!  to 
tnku  Acatllu 
at  any  com. 


conduct  of 
Subcrcosc. 


Although  tho  buccaiiforH  luiil  diHappoiircil  from  tho  Aoii- 
iliiiii  coaut,  tho  UoHtoiioorH  couKl  fuel  uo  Hocurity  agaiuHt 
thoir  roturu,  ami  huw  what  injury  tlioHo  mou  coultl  do  thoir 
commcrco  by  tho  oaso  with  whifh  thoy  couUl  always  tako 
rofugo  in  tho  ports  of  Acadia.  On  tho  othor  hand,  the 
ravagoH  which  tho  AbouaquiH  and  Canadians  continued  to 
luako  in  Ntiw  England,  had  rouwod  tho  country  people  to 
fury.'  At  last  Dudley  and  tho  Council  at  Boston,  learn- 
ing do  Subercaso's  project,  had  no  doubt  but  that  ho  would 
effoct  it  in  time,  if  tho  peace  left  Franco  in  possession  of 
Acadia,  tho  inevitable  result  of  which  would  be,  that  the 
English  would  entirely  lose  the  liberty  of  conducting  fish- 
eries in  that  sea. 

All  those  considerations  induced  the  English  court  to 
expel  tho  French  from  Port  lloyal,  if  it  required  all  the 
forces  of  the  English  colonies,  and  even  part  of  those  in 
England.  At  this  juncture  there  was  something  inexplica- 
ble in  do  Subercase's  conduct.  Ho  had  long  been  warned 
of  tho  storm  gathering  against  him,  compared  with  which 
all  he  had  hitherto  sustained  wore  but  me  0  preludes.  Ho 
incessantly  ap])oaled  to  do  Vaudreuil  and  do  PontcLar- 
traiu  for  aid.  The  former  sent  him  some  soldiers  and  offi- 
cers ;  a  reinforcement  intended  for  Quebec,  entered  his 
harbor,  which  he  was  authorized  to  use  as  long  as  ho 
deemed  necessary ;  yet  in  the  moment  of  greatest  danger 
he  sent  off  this  reinforcement  and  the  auxiliaries  from 
Quebec,  witii  loud  complaints  of  tho  officers,  who  in  turn 
complained  as  loudly  of  him." 

His  own  garrison  and  the  settlers  in  Acadia  wore  not 
more  favorably  disposed  towards  him,  and  certainly,  if  tho 
Eu|-'Msh  had  been  aware  of  the  real  position  of  all'airs  at 
Port  Royal,  they  might  have  spared  half  tho  expense 


'  After  the  destruction  of  Haver- 
hill Aug.  29,  170!^,  (),  S.,  the  Abt'n- 
aquis  in  Maine  committed  no  rava- 
ges and  actually  pro|M)se(l  (x'ace. 
Williamson's  Maine,  ii.,  ji.  57-8. 
For  the  attacks  from  Canada  on 
Doerfiold,   Jime    'i'i,    1709;  Exuter, 


May    6;    see    Penhallow's    Indian 
Wars,  pp.  ."iS-O. 

■'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartrain,  Oct. 
31,1710.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p.  848- 
9.  Kamo  to  game,  Ap'l  25,  1711. 
lb.  p.  853. 


if 


IIISTOKV   OF   NEW    FUANCE. 


2'27 


iiK'urn'd  for  tho  ('X])cilition  t?ot  up  to  carry  out  their  do-  '7io- 
sif,'!!.'  Tlio  well  I'oiiiulud  fipinioii  eiitortiiiiiod  by  tlioiu  of  "^^""^ 
Hiiln'rciiHo'H  valor  and  ability  turned  Bubaoiiuiiitly  into 
proof  againat  him,  and  althouf^di  ho  cloarod  hiuiHolf  boforo 
thoHo  to  whom  ho  waH  obligod  to  justify  his  conduct,  his 
reputation  sustaiuod  u  Hovoro  l>low  in  tho  public  mind, 
which  oftun  ntubboruly  coudemuH  niuu  who  havo  boon  ac- 
quitted iu  tho  Sovcreif^u's  tribunals. 

Bo  that  is  it  may,  in  AuguHt,  1710,  an  Enj^lish  sixty  gnu    Tho  En- 
ship,  a  brigautiuo  and  a  houpo,'  approachod  Port  Uoyal,   IflrivcH .'a 
and  hold  it  so  blockaded  that  uo  rolicf  could  outer,  and  ^'"''"^  ""^'''• 
then  for  two  weeks  tho  garrison  slept  on  tho  ramparts  and 
iu  the  batteries  which  had  been  hastily  repaired  as  far  as 
possible.' 

On  the  5th  of  October  fifty-one  English  vessels  entered 
tho  basin  and  anchored  before  the  fort.  This  tloet  was 
composed  of  four  sixty  gun  ships,  two  of  forty  guns,  one  of 
thirty-six,  and  two  bomb  galliots  ;  tho  rest  were  transports 
and  storeships,*  all  under  General  Nicholson,  commauder- 


'  Tho  EnRliHli  llwt  left  Nantas- 
k.'t  S.'i>t.  18,  O.8.,  a»,  N.  a,  coasist- 
iiiff  of  thrue  fourth  ratoH,  tho  Dra- 
gon, 50,  I'oiumodorb  Oeo.  Martin; 
ChiHtor,  Mntlhfws;  Fnlinouth,  50, 
Wttlkor  Kyililcl;  two  fifth  ratca: 
tliu  lifOHtafff,  32,  Ut)o.  (lordou,  aud 
FovfrHliftin,  'M,  Hob.  I'astou  ;  also 
tho  star  l)omb  Ilochfort,  and  Pro- 
vince Ualley,  Soutliack,  und  24  trans- 
])ortH  from  tlio  colouioB  and  .'■omo 
from  Enghind,  making  in  all,  .".0 
sail.  Tho  troops  wore  Ho<ldini;'8 
rogimcnt  of  marines  from  England, 
and  Hix  MnsHacliusottti,  Connocricut 
aud  U.  Island  regimouts.  IVichol- 
Hon,  Ocnernl,  Vetch.  Adj'fOonoral. 
Hutchinson.  HiKt.  Mass.,  ii.,  p.  105; 
PenhuUow,  Indian  Wars.  p.  51);  Led- 
uird,  Naval  History,  p.  8iS 

''  This  term  if  not  in  dictionaries, 
and  tho  preceding  mtte  does  not  en- 
able us  to  guess  its  meaning. 

'  De  (Jannes  in  a  document  enti- 
tled "Obseivations  sur  les  Krreufs 
de   la   lielutiou  du   Siege  du  Port 


Royal  do  I'Acailie  en  la  N'ouvello 
France  faitte  sur  do  faux  memoir<« 
par  lo  reverend  Pere  (/'harlevoix  tlo 
la  Corapagnio  de  .Jesus,"  says  tliero 
was  only  one  yessel.  a  (!0  gun  ship  ; 
that  it  did  not  arrive  till  Heptem- 
lier;  that  the  ramparts  were  in  giMnl 
condition,  and  that  the  garrison  did 
not  sleep  on  them.  Tho  whole  Ueet 
arrived  Sept.  24,  O.  S.,  Oct.  5,  N.  S. 
llutchinsou,  ii.,  p.  1U5;  ]..ediard,  p. 
S48,  losing  one  transimrt  and  '-?ll 
men  on  entering.  Hubercaso  wrote 
Oct.  1,  announcing  his  being  invest- 
ed.   Murdtxih  N.  S.  1  p.  811.  874. 

*  See  note  1. 

Do  (Jannes  says  i)  men-ofwar,  1 
galliot  and  7  or  eight  transports. 
Francis  Nicholson  was  I.'t-Oov.  of 
New  York  and  New  Knglnnd  in 
1(188;  of  Virginia  in  Ui90;  (fnvernor 
of  Maryland.  Ullll-S;  of  Virginia 
ll!l)8-l70;i;  (oMimander  ol  the  Can- 
ada expedition  in  ITOil-ll;  Com- 
mi.-'sioner  of  accounts,  171 1.  I  Had 
uo  notice  of  his  birth  or  death. 


.*    u' 


\' 


228 


1 7 10. 


Condition 

of  tlio 
garrisuu. 


mSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

iu-chief  of  all  the  troops  of  the  Queen  of  England  on  the 
continent  of  America. 

On  the  6th  the  enemy  landed  on  both  sides  of  the  river, 
the  stronger  force  on  the  fort  side.'  De  Subercase  did  not 
contest  their  landing  or  occupy  several  difficult  positions 
where  he  might  have  checked  thorn,  or  lay  any  ambus- 
cades for  them,  because  he  could  not  depend  on  either  sol- 
diers or  settlers,  and  was  convinced  that  not  a  man  whom 
Le  might  send  forth  would  ever  return.  Hence  from  the 
outset  he  despaired  of  saving  the  place  for  the  King.  His 
only  aim  was  to  come  forth  with  honor  to  himself,  as  he 
had  not  three  hundred  effective  men,  and  the  besiegers 
numbered  three  thousand  four  hundred  men,  besides  offi- 
cers and  sailors." 

The  troops  which  lauded,  finding  nothing  to  oppose  their 
march,  advanced  direct'  on  the  fort;  but  when  the  Gov- 
ernor got  them  within  range  of  his  guns,  he  opened  such  a 
galling  fire  that  ho  checked  them,  killed  many,  and  even 
compelled  them  to  fall  back  under  shelter  of  a  rideau, 
covered  by  which  they  entered  tlie  wood  and  marched  on.' 
The  next  day  they  crossed  a  mill  stream,  where  two  hun- 
dred men  might  have  cut  them  to  pieces ;  but  the  Gover- 
nor had  not  imagined  that  they  would  undertake  to  pass 
it '  that  day,  as  they  seemed  busy  planting  theii'  cannons 
and  supjJortiug  a  galliot  which  had  begun  throwing  shells 
the  day  before.'    Some  settlers  and  Indians  at  first  skir- 


'  Col.  Reading  and  Rednap  with  a 
company  of  morines  and  l.'iO  men 
under  Maj.  Millions.  Pcnhnllow,  p. 
59.  Cols.  Vetch  and  Wnkon  landed 
on  the  north  side  witli  MaBcarene's 
grenadiers.    lb. 

"  Db  Uannes  gays  the  English 
were  onJy  1100  including  the  He- 
dein  (Kedding)  regiment  of  000 
men. 

'  De  OanneH  denies  that  ho  fired 
at  all,  or  had  guns  in  battery  till 
after  the  cajiit illation,  when 3  volleys 
with  blank  cartridges  were  to  he 
fired  on  both  sides.   Ilutchinson  al»> 


ii.,  ]).  107,  notes  this  passage  and 
says  he  finds  nothing  of  it  in  the 
English  accounts. 

•"  De  Oannes  attributes  the  dis- 
courngemout  of  the  garrison  to  de 
Suborcase.  who  made  no  efl'ort  to 
check  the  English  advance,  and 
prohibited  firing  on  them.  Hutch- 
inson, ii.,  p.  105,  says  the  French 
threw  shot  and  sliells,  but  may 
mei-ely  follow  Cluirlevoix. 

'  !>e  (Jnnnes  says  all  ki']it  out  of 
range  except  this  galliot.  IVnluilluw 
says  it  threw  8(!ven  shells,  which  tho 
fort  returned. 


,   1  I 
.  1 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


229 


mished  against   the  first  who  crossetl,  and  then  escaped 
through  tlie  woods. 

In  the  evening  the  gaUiot  reopened  its  bombardment  of 
the  fort,  but  with  little  effect,  to  the  surprise  of  the  Eng- 
lish General ;  it  enabled  him,  however,  to  send  past  the 
fort  twenty-two  flat-boats,  carrying  all  his  artillery,  mortars 
and  munitions  of  war.  On  the  8th,  do  Subercase,  seeing 
where  the  enemy  wished  to  plant  batteries,  fired  so  truly  as 
to  compel  Nicholson,  after  losing  many  men,  to  beat  a 
retreat.' 

The  next  day  the  cannonade  lasted  till  noon.  The  be- 
sieged threw  some  shells  into  the  English  camp  av^  into 
their  quarters,  causing  gi-eat  disorder.'  A  rain-storm  that 
set  in  and  lasted  till  evening,  suspended  fire  on  both  sides. 
As  soon  as  it  ceased,  the  two  galliots  approached  the  fort 
and  threw  forty-two  shells  of  two  hundred  pounds  weight.' 
The  besiegers  also  endeavored  to  throw  in  carcasses  ;  *  but 
they  all  burst  on  leaving  the  mortar.  The  English  had  a 
batteau  loaded  with  thera ;  but  it  was  lost  at  the  mouth  of 
the  harbor  with  its  whole  crew  of  forty  men. 

On  the  10th  they  worked  at  their  trenches  and  bat- 
ories,  and  towards  evening  again  began  to  throw  shells, 
keeping  it  up  all  night;  only  two,  however,  fell  inside  the 
fort,  and  these  did  no  great  harm.  Five  others  burst  in 
the  air,  and  a  fragment  wounded  la  Tour,  an  officer,  dan- 
gerously, and  another  carried  off  one  corner  of  the  King 
storehouse.'*  I  must,  however,  note  that  in  the  only  ac- 
count of  this  siege  that  I  jould  discover,  there  is  some 
confusion  as  to  these  different  bombardments,  the  dates  of 
which  are  not  given  exactly. 


1710. 


'Ml 


HI 


'  Hutchinson,  ii.,  p.  167,  cites  thin 
also  as  uusupported. 

'  IV  Uanues  says  all  tlu^  stato- 
mi'iita  of  cannonade  and  sluUliiif;  by 
SiibiTCiise  arc  false.  Penl;.iiiow  says 
"  the  fort  fired  very  smartly"  on  the 
'iUh,  and  on  Oct.  1st  they  returned 
I  he  British  tire  with  "great  guns 
and  mortars." 

■'    De    Uann  s  .•juys   seventy- live 


75  lbs  shells  were  thrown,  only  three 
of  which  entered  the  fort,  doing  no 
injury. 

■■  Carcasses  were  sliells  filled  with 
irregular  bits  of  metal  to  tear  and 
'acerate. 

'  Do  Gautu's  says  two  officers 
were  injur.'d,  not  by  shells  ^ut  by 
powder  of  a,  cannon  t)'.at  burst. 


230 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1710. 


Mnrmnrs 

and 
desertions 
amoug  the 
besieged. 


The 

governor 

Burroiulcrs 

the  fort. 


That  same  night,  fifty  settlers  and  seven  or  eight  sol- 
diers deserted,  and  the  next  day  all  the  remaining  settlers 
presented  a  petition  to  tl-j  Governor,  requesting  him  to 
consider  the  state  they  were  in  ;  that  they  had  been  so 
long  on  foot,  night  and  day,  that  they  were  ready  to  sink 
under  this  excessive  fatigue.  In  reality  their  ill-wUl  and 
the  general  discontent  against  de  Subercaso  had  discour- 
aged them,  and  they  were  afraid  that  no  quarter  would  bo 
shown  them,  if  they  did  not  surrender  before  all  the  bat- 
teries were  planted  and  ready  to  annihilate  the  fort. 

The  Governor  replied  that  ho  would  examine  their 
requef;t,  but  perceiving  the  soldiers  to  be  equally  alarmed, 
and  most  of  them  openly  threatening  to  desert,  he  called  a 
council  of  war'  on  the  11th.  It  was  there  unanimously 
voted  that  they  must  think  only  of  obtaining  a  favorable 
capitulation.  Ensign  de  la  Perolle  was  at  once  dispatched 
to  the  English  General.  That  officer  first  asked  permis- 
sion to  send  all  the  women  out  of  the  fort,  but  this  was 
apparently  refused." 

La  Ptrelle,  it  is  certain,  remained  in  the  English  camjj, 
and  Nicholson  sent  one  of  his  oflicers '  to  de  Subercase, 
who  informed  him  that  he  wished  to  treat  directly  with  his 
General.  On  this  statement  Nicholson  sent  Colonel  Ke- 
din "  to  the  fort  with  full  power.  The  Governor  received 
him  on  the  glacis,  took  him  to  his  quarters,  and  was  long 
closeted  with  him.'  On  coming  forth  he  told  his  oflicers  in 
a  loud  tone  that  all  was  arranged,  and  the  next  day  Colo- 
nel Redin  and  Captain  Muthieu,  who  had  acted  as  hos- 


'  De  Gannes  denies  that  SubercnBe 
held  a  council  of  war  or  convened 
the  officers. 

''  De  (lannes  says  do  la  Perelle 
WRS  detained  for  not  halting  at  a 
certain  spot,  and  for  beating  liis 
drum  uptotlic  liiu's.nfjainsf  the  laws 
of  wat.  Hutchinson  also,  (ii.,  \i.  Kio) 
says  "  the  officernot  o' -i^  fving  the 
rules  of  war,  was  put  under  arrest." 


Thi,  was  Sept.  29,0.  S.,  Oct.  10,  N. 
8.,  and  on  Oct.  l.the  English  batter- 
ies opened.     Penballow,  pp.  00, 1. 

^  Col.  Hedding. 

*  Penhallow  and  Hutclunson  say 
Col.  Taller  and  ('apt.  Abercronibio 
were  sent  with  a  summons  to 
surrender;  see  Nicholson's  summons 
in  Canada  Doc,  III.  ii.,  p.  87?, 
Mom.  des  Commissaires,  ii.,  p.  {)4'.J, 


.  1 


ir 


■^  I 


HISTORY    OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


231 


tage  for  la  Perello,'  returned  to  the  camp,  where  Nicholson     1710. 
signed  the  capitulation." 

On  the  16th  the  garrison  marched  out  of  the  fort  to  the 
number  of  one  hundred  and  fifty-six  men,  all  in  a  wretch- 
ed condif'On,  with  arms  and  baggage,  and  aU  the  honors  of 
war ;  but  they  could  not  carry  off  the  mortars  and  artil- 
lery accorded  to  them  for  want  of  oxen,  the  settlers  having 
sent  all  their  cattle  far  into  the  woods.  The  Governor,  ac- 
cordingly, by  the  advice  of  his  officers,  kept  only  one  mortar 
and  sold  all  the  rest  to  the  English  General  to  pay  the  King's 
debts.'  There  were  no  provisions  left  in  the  fort,*  and  the 
very  next  day  Nicholson  was  obliged  to  issue  rations  to 
the  French.  He  then  repented  his  haste  in  granting  terms 
to  men  whom  famine  would  soon  have  forced  to  surrender 
at  discretion.  5 

In  Newfoundland  the  war  was  conducted  with  more  suc- 
cess, or  at  least  more  glory  to  our  arms, 
had  proposed  to  government  an  expedition  against  Car-  •'"uiJi'^d, 
bonniere  Island,  the  only  post  on  that  island  not  yet 
wrested  from  the  EngUsh.  The  minister  not  only  ap- 
proved his  project,  but  directed  him  to  omit  nothing  to  ex- 
pel the  enemy  from  aU  then-  possessions  on  that  shore,  and 
promised  him  assistance,  which  did  not  however  arrive  in 
time. 

While  awaiting  it,  de  Costebelle  thought  himself  strong 
enough  to  take  Carbonniere  :  he  formed  two  detachments, 


Some 

De  Costebelle  "1^"])^';°* 


'  Do  Gannt'B  says  he  was  sent  to 
the  English  camp  as  a  hostage  for 
Mattliew,  without  stating  why  the 
latter  came  to  the  fort. 

'  The  capitulation,  dated  Oct.  2, 
1710,  is  in  French,  in  Canada  Doc., 
III.  ii.,  877;  in  English  in  Hutchinson, 
Hist.  Mass.,  ii.,  pp.  lGO-7;  Halibur- 
ton's  Nova  Scotia,  i.,  p,  86;  Lediard, 
Naval  History,  p.  848.  The  account 
in  Jefferys',  Hist,  de  la  N.  Ecosse,  p. 
l;i3,  is  very  brief.  De  Svibercase 
was  taken  to  Rochelle.  See  his 
prouiiBe  of  a  passport.  Memoires  dcs 
Commissaires,  ii.,  p.  340. 

»  He  sold  them  for  7,499  livres  10 


sous.  Haliburton,  History  of  Nova 
Scotia,!.,  p.  80. 

*  De  Cannes  says  they  had  three 
months'  provisions. 

»  Do  Oannes  (May  30,  1743)  says 
that  de  Subercase  was  courtinar- 
tiali'd  at  Rochefort  for  his  couduct. 
He  had  been  conveyetl  by  the  English 
to  Rochello  with  358  soldiers  and 
otBcers  and  settlers,  making  in  all 
481  persons.  Ilaliliurton,  i.,  p.  87. 
Vetch,  who  had  lieen  Adjutant 
General  of  the  expedition,  was  left 
in  command  of  the  English  garrison 
of  200  marines  and  250  volunteers 
as  Uovernor  of  Nova  Scotia.  O'C'al- 


1    I 


rl 


282 


I7I0. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRAlSrCE. 

one  marching  overland,'  the  other  embarking  on  three 
sloops,  all  under  Gaspar  Bertrand,  a  brave  settler  of  Pla- 
centia,  already  distinguished  on  several  occasions.  The 
two  detachments  used  such  precautions  and  mai  vtained 
such  order  on  their  route,  that  they  reached  Trinity  Bay, 
quite  near  Carbonniero,  undiscovered. 

There  they  found  the  Queen's  h-igate  Valeur,  of  30 
guns,  and  a  crew  of  one  hundred  and  thirty  men,  which 
had  convoyed  in  a  fleet  of  merchantmen.  The  French 
sloops,  manned  by  twenty-five  men  each,  boarded  it  in 
broad  day.  Bertrand  was  the  first  on  board,  and  was  so 
well  supported,  that,  after  killing  the  English  captain  ^  and 
putting  all  the  officers  hors  de  combat,  he  drove  the  crew 
between  decks.  They  defended  themselves  stoutly,  and 
unfortunately  the  French  commandant  was  killed.  Da- 
carette,  a  very  resolute  young  man,  took  his  place,  and  at 
last  forced  the  English  to  surrender.' 

A  moment  after,  two  cruisers  of  the  same  nation,  one  of 
22  guns,  the  other  of  18,  approached  the  frigate  and  began 
to  cannonade  the  French  on  both  sides.  The  latter, 
partly  discouraged  by  Bertrand's  death,  could  not  nerve 
themselves  for  a  new  fight,  and  all  that  Dacarette  could 
do  to  avoid  risking  an  action  with  such  unequal  force  and 
discoiiraged  men,  was  to  cut  his  cables,  hoist  sail  and  leave 
the  bay,  favored  by  a  wind  which  soon  bore  him  out  of 
sight  of  the  two  cruisers.  Then  the  detachment  on  land, 
seeing  no  prospect  of  uniting  with  Dacarette's  party,  fell 
on  the  settlement,  plundered  the  houses,  and  returned 
loaded  with  plunder  to  Placentia,  where  the  sloops  soon 
followed  with  their  prize.' 


laglian,  Voyage  of  Sloop  Mary,  p. 
_vi.  Haliburton,!,,  p.88.  TUo  cap- 
ture of  the  place  cost  the  English  in 
all  only  40  or  41  men.  II).  p.  87.  See 
Vaudreuil's  letter  on  de  Subercase. 
N,  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  ))i).  8.5;3-5. 

'  Under  the  Sieiir  de  Bellestre. 
CoBtebelle  to  Pontchartrain,  Aug.  7, 
1710.     Canada  Doc,  III.  v.,  p.  903. 

'  St.  Ovide  do  Brouillan  to  the 


minister,  Sept.  33,  1710.  De  Co8t»- 
belle  to  same,  Sept.  30.  Canada 
Doc,  III.  v.,  p.  905,  908.  Lcdiard, 
Naval  History,  p.  818,  admits  tho 
surprise  and  capture  of  the  Valeur, 
but  says  the  Euglisl.  took  nine 
French  ships  otf  Newfoundland  in 
1710. 

'  The  Valeur  was  fitted  out  for  a 
cruise  under  St.  0\  ide  de  Brouillan. 


233 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  PRANCE. 

The  capitulation  of  Port  Royal  bad  not  however  been      1710. 

worded  so  as  to  prevent  all  misunderstanding.   Soon  after  ' < 

the  evacuation  of  the  place,  Nicholson  sent  to  the  Mar- 
quis de  Vaudreuil,  xMajor  Leviugstou,'  and  de  Subercaso  ^I"t!er?„'' 
sent  the  Baron  de  St.  Castin  to  inform  him  of  the  articles  ^'"" "■"""• 
agreed  upon ;'  but  the  former,  understanding  them  in  his 
fashion,  declared  to  the  French  General,  that  according  to 
the  capitulation,  the  whole  country,  except  what  was  with- 
in cannon-shot  o£-the  fort  of  Port  Royal,  and  which  was 
alone  included  in  the  capitulation,  was  left  at  his  discre- 
tion, as  well  as  the  inhabitants.' 

He  added  that  in  reprisn.l  for  the  unheard-of  cr  elties 
wreaked  by  our  Indians  on  the  subjects  of  her  Britannic 
Majesty,  if  after  his  letter  received,  the  French  and  their 
allies  contmued  their  hostilities  directly  or  indirectly,  he 
would  at  once  inflict  the  same  military  executions  on  the 
principal  inhabitants  of  Acadia  or  Nova  Scotia.*  He 
finally  proposed  an  exchange  of  prisoners,  threatening,  in 
case  of  refusal,  to  give  up  to  the  Indian  allies  of  New  En- 
gland, as  many  Frenchmen  as  there  were  English  prison- 
ers in  the  hands  of  our-. 

The  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil  replied  that  he  deerr.ed  him 


De  Costebelle's  iuBtructions,  Oct.  14. 
Canada  Doc,  III.  v.,  p.  979.  He  an- 
nounces her  capture,  June  18,  1711. 
lb.  p.  1023.  Letter  of  July  23,  in 
Walker's  Journal,  p.  283. 

'  Hutchinson  had  Livingston's 
iournal  and  condenses,  (ii.,  p.  168, 
note.)  He  went  from  Port  Iloyal  to 
Penobscot,  where  lie  was  kindly 
entertained  by  St.  Castin,  at  his 
own  house,  and  tliey  suom  to  have 
thence  gone  on  together.  Oa  tlie 
way,  St.  Castin  saved  his  life.  His- 
toiie  de  I'Hotel  Dieu,  p.  459. 

^  They  reached  Quebec,  Dec.  20tli. 
Smith,  History  of  Canada,  I.  p.  170, 
citing  Jesuit's  Journal,  since  lost, 
Hutchinson  and  Penhallow  citing 
Livingston's  Journal,  say  Dec.  l(i. 

'  Nicholson  considered  the  benefit 
of  the  5th  article,  to  extend  3  miles 


from  Annapolis  Royal,  and  the 
persons  comprehended  in  it,  accord- 
ing to  a  list  handed  him  by  Mr. 
Allen,  to  amount  to  481  persons. 
Memorandum  in  Hutchinson's  Hist. 
of  Massachusetts,  ii.,  p.  107.  They 
had  two  years  to  remove  corn,  cattle 
and  furniture.  Nova  Scotiu  Doc.,  p. 
13.  Queen  Anne  extended  these 
privileges  and  jiower  to  sell  lands  to 
nil  the  Aciulians.  Letter,  lb.  p.  15, 
n.  Nicholson,  however,  refused  to 
allow  them  to  remove  with  their 
cattle  and  corn  to  Cape  Breton.  lb. 
p.  4.  They  numbered  about  3500, 
and  had  cattle  worth  £40,000.  lb. 
pp.  5-8. 

'  De  Costebelle  to  Pontchartrain, 
July  34,  1711,  in  Sir  H.  Walker's 
Journal,  p.  380. 


■  J 


n'' 


2U 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


I7'0-  too  well  versed  in  the  laws  of  war  to  bo  ignorant  tLat  tiicy 
~^^~^'  did  not  authorize  him  to  resort  to  reprisals  on  settlers  who 
had  surrendered  to  him  on  his  express  word  that  ho  would 
treat  them  well ;  that  the  French  nation  should  never  bo 
accused  of  inhumanity ;  and  that  the  English  prisoners 
actually  in  the  colony,  could  give  testimony  on  the  point, 
to  which  he  had  no  hesitation  in  referring ;  that  many  had 
been  withdrawn  at  great  expense  anil:  out  of  pure  charity, 
from  the  hands  of  the  Indians,  who  on  their  side  did  not 
usually  ill-treat  them  ;  but  that  it  was  in  no  wise  just  to 
make  the  French  responsible  for  their  conduct;  that  it 
had  not  depended  on  hin^  1:0  stop  this  disastrous  war  long 
before,  and  that  all  the  evils  it  entailed  should  be  im- 
puted only  to  those,  who  had  refused  neutraUty  between 
the  two  colonies. 

As  to   an  exchange  of  prisoners,  the  French  General 

protested  that  he  would  willingly  consent ;  but  that  tliey 

must  begin  by  ascertaining  the  number  on  both  sides ; 

that  he  could  not  dispose  of  those  in  the  hands  of  his 

allies,  f.nd  that  the  threat  of  giving  up  Acadian  settlers  to 

the  Indians  of  New    England,    in  case  those  of    New 

France  refused  to  give  up  theirs,  was  against  all  the  rules 

of  justice  and  humanity ;  that  if  it  was  carried  out,  he 

would  be  compelled  to  treat  all  the  English  in  his  power  in 

the  same  way ;  in  conclusion,  that  he  asked  him  to  give  a 

positive  answer  by  the  two  officers  who  delivered  his  letter 

and  state  the  number  of  his  prisoners  and  the  place  to 

which  he  would  bring  them,  that  ho  might  send  his  there.' 

The  two  officers  sent  by  de  Vaudreuil  with  his  letter  to 

Nicholson,  were  the  Sieurs  de  Eouville  and  Dupuys,  and 

in  that  which  he  wrote  to  the  Count  de  Pontchartrain  to 

inform  him  of  what  had  occurred,  he  gave  as  the  motive 

of  his  selection,  that  being  also  obliged  to  write  by  the 

same   conveyance   to   Dudley,  Governor- General  of  New 

England,  he  wished  the  two  best  partisan  officers  in  all 

Canada  to  have  this  means  of  knowing  the  country,  where 

they  might  subsequently  have  occasion  to  operate.' 

'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartrain,  .^pril        '  Il>.    De  ('ostebt.'Uc  to  same,  July 
26, 1711.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  is.,  p.  bC4.    24, 1711,  in  Sir  U.  Walker's  Jourual, 


lUSroUY  OF   NEW    FI!AN(E. 


235 


He  at  tlie  same  time  appointetl  provisidually,  aud  till  ho 
received  the  orders  ho  had  solicited  from  the  Court,  tho 
Barou  do  St.  Ciistin,  already  Couimaudant  at  Poutagoet, 
his  Liciiteiiaut  in  Acadia,  and  sent  him  instructions  to 
retain  tho  King's  subjects  remaining  in  that  country,  in 
the  obedience  due  his  Majesty.'  These  inhabitants  had 
deputed  to  him  tho  Sienr  do  Clignancourt,  with  a  letter 
signed  by  tlie  most  influential  among  them,  in  which  they 
complained  greatly  of  tho  harsh  troatmont  thoy  received 
from  Sicur  Vesche,  who  commanded  at  Port  Royal,  and 
begged  him  to  obtain  thom  some  relief  and  some  comfort." 

The  General  at  the  same  time  learned  that  the  Indians 
bordering  on  Acadia  seemed  somewhat  cooled  towards  us 
since  tho  capture  of  Port  Royal;  that  the  English  kot 
incessantly  repeating  that  thoy  would  not  halt  in  such  a 
fine  road,  and  that  tho  reduction  of  the  vost  of  New  Franco 
would  not  cost  them  much  more  than  that  of  Acadia. 

This  intelligence  i-nluced  the  GoToruor-Genoral  to  dis- 
patch two  Fionchmen  and  two  Indians  over  the  snow  witli 
letters  for  the  missionaries  in  those  parts,  exhorting  them 
to  redoubled  zeal  to  retain  their  neophytes  in  our  alliance, 
and  ho  instructed  those  same  envoys  to  visit  all  the  French 
settlements  in  Acadia,  ascertain  the  exact  disposition  of 
tho  inhabitants,  and  assure  them  that  impossibilities  would 
bo  done  to  prevent  their  being  in  want  of  anything.' 

News  also  came  that  the  Governor  of  Now  York  was 
redoubling  his  efforts  to  induce  the  Iroquois  cantons  to 
join  an  offensive  league  against  us,  and  fear  of  having 
these  Indians  upon  us  at  a  time  when  wo  were  menaced 
with  an  attack  by  all  the  forces  of  the  English,  produced  a 
great  impression  on  the  colonists,  already  intimidated  by 


I  7  ID. 


The  Huron 

do  St. 

(Justin 
C'uiiiiikiihU 

lint  ill 
Acadia, 


i;j 


Tlio 

Indiiiiis  of 

timt  part 

cooled 

towiirds  113, 


Tlio 

Acadinns 

visited  liy 

Viiuiir(.-uil'ii 

orders. 


Various 

other 

precautions 

taken  by 

him. 


11 


a 


:i 


]'.  'JS.").  Dupuy  WHS  son  of  Paul 
Dupuy,  lii'utcnaul  jmrticulier  du 
Quebec.  (Ante,  iv.,  p.  1n3.)  Paul 
died  Sept.  20,  171^,  Jucht^reau,  p. 
.'JTO.  His  two  sons  died  in  1714  aud 
1710:  liis  dauijlitcrs  Ijccanie  nuns, 

'  N.  Y.  Col.  l)oc.,  ix.,  p.  854. 
Nomination  du  Sicur  liamn  dc  St. 
Castin,  t'oniuiandanl  do  I'entagoet 
&c.,   Jan'y    1,   1711.     Canada   Doc, 


III.  ii.,  p  SS;).  Evidently  Buron  An- 
selni,  the  son. 

''  Copie  d'unelettrcdcsprincipanx 
habitants  ili'  Port  I\oyal,  Nov.  18, 
1110.  111.  p.  t<7i).  Murdocli,  i..  p. 
331. 

•■  N.  V.  Col.  L>oc,  X.,  [).  b.')4. 
l.,ettre  <lo  Clirisloi)litJ  Caliouet,  ..'uiy 
20,  1711.  Canada  Hoc,  III.  ii.,  p, 
Sb7.    Murdoch,  i.,  p.  o~o. 


>l  . 


2U6 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


,    t 


1 710.     the  loss  of  Acadia.    This  iuduced  do  Vaudrenil  and  Eau- 
^■*'~*'"'~^  dot  to  summou  dowD  to  Montreal  the  greatest  number 
possible  of  Upper  Indians,  both  to  reassure  the  colony, 
and  to  hold  the  Iroquois  in  respect. 

They  accordingly  dispatched  to  Michilimackinac  per- 
sons of  influence  among  our  allies  to  exhort  them  to  come 
at  once  to  give  their  Father  proofs  of  their  fidelity  and 
attachment.  This  General  then  proceeded  in  person  over 
the  ice  to  Montreal,  where  he  was  informed  that  his  pre- 
sence was  necessary  to  rouse  the  domiciliated  Indians  from 
the  consternation,  caused,  it  was  said,  by  the  menaces  of 
the  English ;  but  he  found  that  it  was  a  false  alarm,  these 
Indians  being  in  the  best  possible  disposition. 
i)e  It  only  remained  to  take  measures  of  security  in  regard 

^'""luid"'^  to  the  cantons,  and  the  Baron  de  Longueuil,  King's-Lieu- 
R('ui"to'tho  tenant  at  Montreal,  having  volunteered  to  treat  with  them, 
iroiiuois.  ijjg  Qg-gr  was  accepted :  the  Governor- General  sent  with 
him,  Joncaire  and  la  Chauvignerie,'  and  charged  them  to 
assure  the  cantons,  that  so  long  as  they  observed  the  neu- 
trality, they  had  nothing  to  fear  from  the  other  nations ; 
that  in  inviting  several  to  meet  him,  it  was  solely  that  they 
might  witness  the  way  in  which  he  would  receive  the  Eng- 
lish, in  case  they  thought  of  paying  Quebec  another  visit ; 
but  that  if,  in  spite  of  their  oaths,  so  frequently  and  sol- 
emnly renewed,  that  they  would  be  mere  spectators  of  the 
war,  they  should  be  so  ill  advised  as  to  join  the  enemies  of 
the  French,  they  must  expect  at  once  to  have  all  the  tribes 
of  the  North  and  West  dash  down  upon  them  and  show 
no  quarter. 

De  Longueuil  was  very  well  received  at  Onondaga,  as 
Joncaire  was  at  Seneca,  and  they  brought  deputies  of 
those  two  cantons  to  Montreal.  These  Indians  admitted 
to  de  Vaudreuil  that  they  were  strongly  urged  by  the 
Governor  of  New  York  to  break  with  the  French ;  they 
added  that  he  might  count  on  the  fidelity  of  many ;  but 
that  the  majority  inclined  to  the  English  side,  won  by  the 
presents  lavishcc     n  t'.em,  and  convinced  that  the  French 


Their 
Baccess, 


'  Cliurli'Vi)ix  Iniiud  liiiii  in  1721  at 
Niiigiira,  fusiga  and  King's  IriMiuoie 


iiitci'iirutor.   Journal,  \>.  223. 


I    I 


.  -r^ 


1    '■ 


•^TfH^' 


\^    M.^ 


i'^^\ 


HtSTOnr    OF  NHW   I'lJANCR. 

would  at  Iftst  sink  undor  tlio  groat  ofTorts  tlmir  onomios 
wero  preparing  to  nmko  ou  all  hiiU'h  to  cnisli  Ihom.' 

Hroiit  prcpiinitions  woro  in  fact  niiikin),'  at  Allxui}'. 
Tlioy  ovon  tleitiiiucul  in  that  city,  tlirco  Fronclinicii,  sent  l)y 
ill)  Vaudronil  to  tako  homo  an  EngliHJiniiin  to  wlioni  ho 
j^ave  liberty  on  his  i)arolo,  and  M.ijor  Lovingston's  sor- 
\  ant,  loft  Hick  at  (juobec.  Tho  pretext  under  whicii  tlio 
lotontion  of  tii>.se  tlireo  men  was  colored,  was,  that  they 
did  not  wish  ^vhat  was  going  on  in  that  provineo  to  he 
known  in  the  French  colony.  For  tho  same  reason  the 
English  prisoner  was  r(>tained :  and  this  conduct  greatly 
per])lexed  the  Oovernor-fkneral. 

Ho  was  ovon  soon  informed  by  an  Indian,  in  detail,  as 
to  the  preparations  on  foot  in  New  York  ;  and  he  ordered 
the  Sieur  de  ijCiiuconrt  to  hasten  tho  operations  in  hand 
at  Quoboc."  Ho  also  dispatched  orders  in  all  directions  to 
hold  the  regulars  and  militia  ready  to  march  at  tho  first 
signal.  Tho  exchange  of  prisoners  was  no  longer  alluded 
to,  Dudley  and  Nicholson  refusing  to  listen  to  it,  except  on 
tlie  conditions  first  proposed  by  tho  former.' 

At  this  juncture,  St.  Pierre,*  Touty,  and  the  otlnu's  who 
liad  been  sent  to  tho  Upper  Nations,  arrived  at  Montreal 
with  four  or  five  hundred  Indians,  and  as  tho  Iroquois 
di![)utios  just  mentioned  had  not  yet  started,  tho  Gov- 
ernor-General seized  the  opportunity  to  settle  a  difierence 
which  had  subsisted  for  several  years  between  tho  cantons 


237 


ryio. 


I'rrimrr.- 
tllllH  III  tlio 

New  York. 


Aniviil  of 
tin;  UpptT 
Iiiiliiiiia, 


'  Viiudrcuil  to  PonU.'l^ar.ia  .1. 
April  35,  1711.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix... 
p.  Hrio.  C'ostoboUe  to  saini',  ,)  uly  34, 
1711,  in  Walker's  Jourual,  p.  3-iO. 

''  Vaudreuil  to  sumu, 0.-;  .r),nil. 
N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  i)p.  SVi'-S. 

■"  Micliat'l  Bt'j;()u  l)ecarae  Intend 
ant  in  1710,  but  bis  commission  wu« 
not  r('j,nwtorod  at  Quebec  till  Oct.  13, 
1713.  ArretH  et  Ordimnauces,  iii.,  p. 
(t;i.  Smitli'H  History  of  Canada,  i.,  p- 
l():». 

*  Le  Oardeur  do  .St.  Pierre,  called 
in  Charlevoix'.-!  Index,  do  1  illy,  was, 


however,  of  the  Uepentigny  liranch,     Qeorge. 


nun  ol  John  lJai)ti8t,  a  f.oii  of  Peter 
le  ll;ir,l('iir,  Sieur  de  Uepentifriiy, 
founder  of  the  family  in  Canada. 
Daniel,  i.,  p.  lli;i.  St.  Pierre  was 
lieiitenmu  in  lUSS.  lb.,  ii.,  p.  383  : 
at  Fort  Frontennc  in  lOSi).  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc.  ix..  p.  430.  Frequently  in 
eiinmaud  in  the  west.  lb.  pp.  5;j7, 
003.  Anti',  iv.,  ]..  3  8.  In  a  lidt  of 
officers  in  17:i3.  he  does  not  ai)pear, 
Rllhoii;,'h  Olio  of  the  iiiimo,  prolinbly 

a  r \n  given  as  an  enbifjn.     'I'hla 

latter  is  tho  St.  Pierre  of  tho  Cliiek- 
aHfiw     war.    the    Ohio    and    Lak," 


4 

i     t 


238 


IIIHTOIIV  t)K  NKW  |.'l{  .N(  R. 


1710.     oil  0110  aiilo,  and  Ho:ii(t  of  our  iillioH  on  the  otlior.     Tliin  lio 
'■"'■-'  fouiul  moil)  crtHy  tliiiu  lio  liiul  iiiiticiinitml,  iiud  conconl  wan 
ri'Mtoi't!il  to  tlu)  HiitiHfiictioii  of  hotli  piirticH. 

Ou  tilt)  itli  of  Au;,'ust,  1711,  (It)  V^\iulroiiil  rccoivod  a 
lettor  frtmi  tlu;  Uccolk'ct  Fiitlior  Felix,  a  iiiiHHioimiy  in  Aca- 
dia, iuforniing  him  that  forty  IiuliaiiH  Hout  by  tlu)  Uaioa 
lie  St.  Castiu  to  iiiiiko  an  irruption  near  Port  Koyal,  after 
dofcatiug  :i  miu'li  nioro  iiuhhmouh  Ijiiglisli  party,'  had 
joiuod  Homu  of  tliu  l''ri'iK'h,  and  invostotl  tht)  fort,  whero 
tbo  chief  offieors  auil  moat  of  the  garrison  had  died  during 
the  winter,  and  that  tliey  asked  for  prompt  asHistance. 

Ou  this  information,  the  ^lartpiis  d'Alognies,  command- 
ant of  the  troops,  was  appointed  to  march  promptly  in 
that  direction.  The  Oovoruor-Ooueral  gave  him  twelve  of 
the  bravest  and  most  experienced  ofticerH,  and  two  hun- 
dred picked  men  ;  all  this  was  ready  in  two  days ;  but  at 
the  moment  when  tlie  reinforcement  was  about  to  take  up 
its  march,  news  received  from  Phicontia,  compelled  do 
Vaudreuil  to  recall  the  Martpiis  d'Alognies.' 
An  KnKilsh  Do  Costebello  informnl  him  that  ho  had  learned  from  an 
iiiLpuru  to  English  prisoner  that  on  the  10th  or  12th  of  Juno,  Oeu- 
liiiebBc.  <-'•'"!  Nicholson  had  arrived  at  Uoston  with  two  ships  of 
seventy  guns ;  that  he  was  to  bo  closely  followed  by  six 
others  of  sixty,  three  bomb-ketches  and  thirty  transports 
carrying  from  twenty-four  to  thirty  guns,  to  which  were  to 
be  added  at  Boston,  two  tifty  gun  ships  and  five "  trans- 
ports, to  carry  three  thousand  New  England  militia  ;  that 
tiiey  merely  awaited  the  Hoet  from  London  to  set  sail,  and 
that  this  tioet  had  been  soon  by  a  privateor  from  Martini- 


'  Du  CoHtobi'lle  to  I'oiitchui'traiu, 
July,  :>-l,  I7il,  ill  Sir  II.  VVulkcr'H 
Journal,  ji.  2S8.  V'ttiulrcuil  to  same. 
N.  Y.  Col.  1)(K'.,  ix.,  !>.  bOa,  Htt.vB  40 
Inirmns  fnuu  lViiiiif;<xt,  uiiilur  L't 
Ayuiullu.  I'enliullow,  p.  71,  says 
1  to.  The  jinrty  iittackcil  was  <'apt. 
I'idircoii's  :  a  wliok'  bout'tt  crew,  the 
liiit  luaiiii'  iiiul  ('ii|il.  l''(irl)fs  tliu  eu- 
giniMT,  wrif  killnl,  ami  ;il  taken. 
llalil)urtoii,  i.,  (>.  01,  >ays  the  >ceno 
of  the   ilisaster,  still   calli  d  Uloocly 


Creek,  is  Vi  iniluH  from  tho  fo»t,  on 
the  Halifax  road.  The  minsioiinry 
is  Hev.  Kelix  Cappe,  O.  S.  F. 

'  Vaudreuil  to  I'outcliartrain.  N. 
Y.  Col.  I)oe.,ix..  p.  85U.  The  Manpiis 
d'Ali>t;nies  de  la  Froye  died  ax  sea  iu 
1714,  captain  of  a  nianof--.var  and 
Knight  of  St.  Louis.  Daniel,  Nob 
(iloires,  ii.,  pp.  287-S. 

■'  Vaudreuil  to  I'ontcliartrain.  N. 
Y'.  Col.  Doc,  ix..  p.  1-59.  Costehello 
(Walkir,  p.  ','11],)  says  ■.'"). 


i 


IllHI'ollY  OK  NEW   l-'llANCK. 


280 


quo,  which  nrrived  at  Placciitift  on  tlio  8tli  of  July,'  iviul      '^"' 
which,  iipproac'liiii}^  it  closely,  Iiiul  countod  tliirty-fivo  Hiiil. 

Tlio  Eiiglisli  piiHoiior  uIho  Hiiid  thiit  a  lioily  of  two  thou- 
Hand  luoii  was  assi'inliliu;,'  at  Maiiliattc,  (N<\\v  York), 
coiiipoHod  of  Now  York  iiiilitiit  and  Indians  of  that  pro- 
viuco,  and  that  thu  (jm  < n  of  Kn^laIKl  wan  bunt  on  having 
Canada  that  yciar.  ThoMo  tidinj^H  wcro  hooii  after  con- 
flrnii'd  by  an  ()nondu},'a,  dis[)alcli('d  to  do  Vaudronil  by 
To{,'anisHori'nM,  to  inform  him  tiiat  tlui  Kii^IIhIi  tloi't  liad 
It'tt  HoHtou ;  that  tiioro  woro  two  hundred  battoaux  ready 
at  Orange,  (Albany);  that  a  hundred  more  were  expected, 
and  tliat  Abraham  Ki;lmiIor,  i)rotlu'r  of  tiio  Governor  of 
Albany,  had  visited  all  the  cautuus  to  urge  them  to  take 
up  aruih  against  the  French. 

The  first  thing  tho  Governor-General  did  on  receiving        no 
IniK   intelligeuce,  was  to  convene  tlie  Iroquois  delogates  addnwtiio 
brought  from    Onondaga  and  Seneca  by  thu  Baron  de    iroiniou 
Longueuil  and  Joncaire,  and  lay  l>efore  them  tho  intelli-    "^'" 
gencc  sent  by  Teganissorens.     He  told  them,  that  as  tho 
Dutch  had  declared  against  him  in  spite  of  their  oft-repeat- 
od  promises  to  (joservo  tho  neutrality,  and  his  acts  of  con- 
eideration  towards  them,  he  could  not  avoid  sending  war- 
parties  towards  Al))any,  but  that  they  need  not  take  alarpi.' 

Ho  thou  restored  them  son\e  Iroquois  taken  from  ^ho 
hands  of  the  Ouyatanons,  (Weas,)  and  added,  tha.  u  depend- 
ed solely  on  them  to  remain  calmly  on  their  mats,  as  they 
had  promised  him  ;  that  they  should  remember  the  treaty  of 
peace  so  authentically  sworn  to  under  his  predecessor, 
among  all  tho  nations ;  that  they  could  not  but  do  the 
French  tho  justice  of  having  hitherto  scrupulously  ob- 
served all  the  conditions,  and  that  it  was  still  more  for 
their  interest  than  for  his,  to  accept  tho  course  he  pi'oposed. 

Tho  next  day  ho  gave  a  great  war-ban(iuet,  to  which  ho 
invited  all  the  domioiliated  Indians,  and  all  his  allies  who 
had  como  down  to  Montreal.  Seven  or  eight  hundred 
warriors   assembled,  and   Joucairo   and    la   Chauvignerio 


I  fl 


'  De  Costi'bello  sayb  VMi. 

'  Vaudrouil  to  Poutcliurtruin.    N.  Y.  Col. Doc.,  is.,  p.  8oi). 


240 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


I  I 


171 1,     first  raised  the  hatchet  and  sang  the  war-song  in  Onou- 
^— v— '  thio's  name.     All  the  Iroqiiois  of  Sault  St.  Louis,  those 
_    ,  ,,     of  the  Mountain,  who  had  been  united  with  those  of  Sault 
aiiios  ciuiut  au  Recollet  and  the  Nipissings  or  Algonquins  of  Mon- 
song.      troal  Island,  auswerod  it  with  loud  ajplause.     The  Upper 
Indians  had  some  hesitation  in  deciding,  almost  all  trading 
with  the  English,  and  finding  it  more  advantageous  than 
with    us ;    but    twenty    Detroit    Hurons    taking   up   the 
hatchet,  all  followed  their  example,  and  as.surod  the  Gene- 
ral that  he  could  dispose  rf  them  as  of  his  own  subjects. 
Ze  1    f  th       ^*^  Vaudreuil  CAd  not,  however,  deem  it  expedient  to 

doraUiiiiiit- 1  etain  them  all,  and  did  not  even  defer  sending  most  of 
ed  ludiauB.  '  .  .  ° 

tlu'ni  homo,  ii.s  well  as  the  Iroquois  deputies,  because  the 

season  was  already  advanced.     He  merely  kept  some  of 

each  nation,  to  show  the  English  and  the  Iroquois  cantons 

that   he   had   complete   sway   over  his   allies.     He   then 

labored  in  concert  with  the  missionaries  of   Sault    St. 

Louis,  Sault  au  IlecoUet  and  the  domiciliated  Algonquins, 

to  defeat  the  secret  inti'igues  once  more  set  on  foot  with 

the  Indians  by  the  two  brothers,  Pitre   and  Abraham 

Schuiler,  the  one,  Governor,  the  other  major  of  Albany ; 

and  he  succeeded  so  well,  that  both  Indian  towLS  gave  him 

hostages  to  answer  for  their  fidelity.' 

He  at  last  set  out  for  Quebec,  where  his  presence  had 
become  necessary,  and  was  soon  followed  by  the  Abenakis 
of  St.  Francis  and  Bekancourt.  Men  felt  quite  assured 
of  these  Indians,  and  they  knew  it  well ;  still  they  alsa 
sent  their  wives  and  children  to  Three  Eivers,  to  show, 
they  said,  that  they  had  no  other  interest  than  the  French. 
They  also  undertook,  with  a  good  grace,  all  required  of 
them,  as  did  other  Abi  uaquis  brought  by  Father  de  la 
Chasse  from  the  borders  of  New  England. 

This  zeal  of  our  allies  produced  a  wondertul  effect,  and 


'  Vaudrf'uil  to  Pontcliiirtrain.Oct.  l)rotlier  Abraham.   He  was  mayor  of 

25,1711.     N.  V.  Col.   Doc,  ix.,  )il'  Albany,  1G8(i-lfi!)4  ;  niajnr  of  inilUia 

g.'jT-Hfil.     Charlevoix  i.s  in  orror  iii  in  IGS8  ;  nicinbiir  and  eubsiuiui'iitly 

makint^l'otiT  and  Abraham  Schuyler  presidinil  of  the  Council, 

brotherti.    I'eUir  was  tlio  sfcoud  wm  Abraham    was    an    aldvmian    of 

of  Philiii  P.  tichiiyler;  but  liad  no  Albany. 


1':| 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

the  elder  Raudot,'  on  bis  retiirn  to  Franco,  told  me  that  be 
had  never  understood  better  than  on  this  occasion  how  im- 
portant it  was  for  a  colony  to  have  among  the  natives  of 
the  country,  persons  able  to  gain  their  esteem  and  good 
will,  which  could  not  be  well  done,  unless  they  were 
attached  by  the  bond  of  religion.  This  the  Marquis  de 
Vaudreuil  had  been  already  enabled  to  see  by  the  example 
of  the  Detroit  Hurons  at  the  Mor  treal  assembly.  These 
were  the  only  Christian  Indians  from  the  upper  country, 
and  it  is  indisputable  that  if  they  had  not,  by  declaring  as 
they  did  for  war,  drawn  all  the  others  from  the  indecision 
in  which  they  were,  that  general  would  have  received  a 
slight  at  a  moment,  when  all  depended  on  his  appearing  to 
be  the  perfect  master  oi  all  these  tribes. 

To  this  reflection  I  might  here  add  some  others  on  the 
causes  which  prevented  the  preachers  of  the  gospel  doing 
among  many  other  nations  what  they  have  done  among  the 
Hurons,  Algonquins,  the  Abenaquis  tribes,  the  Illinois  and 
a  great  number  of  Ii'oquois.  Miamis  and  Pottawatamies ; 
but  this  would  lead  me  too  far,  and  I  hope  that  those  who 
read  this  history,  wiU  make  such  reflections  themselves.' 


241 


1711. 


,'  l^ 


tl 


u 


ti 


)    i' 

1 1  ' 


-  ■  ^ 


'  The  younger  Raudot  bad  re- 
turned to  Franco  the  year  before, 
having  been  appointed  Intendant 
des  Classes  de  marine.  See  Juche- 
reau,  Hist,  de  I'Hotel  Dieu,  p.  463. 

'  In  1710-11  Canada  wbs  afflicted 


with  a  disease  called  the  Maladie  do 
Siam.  It  was  generally  fatal.  Ju- 
chereau,  Histolre  de  I'Hotel  Dieu,  p. 
464.  Twelve  priests  died,  and  of 
twenty  four  nuns,  taken  while  at 
tending  the  sick,  six  died. 


.  i 


I' I 


;ii 


BOOK  XX. 


4'l 


'■A 


A' 


i  I 


I ' 


; ! 


BOOK     XX. 


171 1.  On  reaching  Quebec,  cle  Vauclreiiil  found  all  the  orders 

'-"  T  ^'  that  he  had  given  de  Beaucourt,  well  carried  out,  and  that 
capital  in  a  condition  to  stand  a  long  siege.  Not  satisfied 
with  fortifying  the  main  part  of  the  place  as  far  as  permit- 
ted by  the  short  time  left  him  to  work,  and  the  means 
afforded  him,  that  engineer  had  also  adopted  excellent 
measures  to  prevent  the  enemy  from  landing  at  Bcauport, 
as  they  had  done  in  1690.  In  no  city,  probably,  was  more 
resolution  and  confidence  ever  shown,  all,  down  to  the  very 
women,  being  ready  to  contribute  their  utmost  for  its  vig- 
rous  defence.' 
What         There  was  even  a  sort  of  impatience  to  see  the  Enclish 

became  of    „      ,  »ii  ,i      ,  -i,  o    ""■ 

the  Kiijfiish  fleet  appear.  All  the  hills  (cotes)  below  Quebec,  were  so 
well  guarded,  that  the  enemy  could  not  have  set  foot  in  any 
settled  place,  without  being  forced  to  an  engagement, 
which  the  disadvantage  of  the  ground  would  have  preclud- 
ed his  risking.  Every  one  in  the  town  and  its  environs 
had  his  post  assigned.  The  General  had  placed  his  eldest 
son,  the  Count  de  Vaudreuil,  (now  captain  of  a  man-of- 
war,)'  in  the  most  exposed  post,  and  all,  soldiers,  Cana- 


'  Vaudreuil  to  Pontchartrain,  Oct. 
25,1711.  :  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ii.,  p.  8G0. 
Beaucourt  bvjgan  hia  labors  in  1712, 
and  in  1716  they  were  still  incom- 
plete, lb.  p.  871.  See  a  description 
of  them.    lb.  p.  872. 

'  Ix)ui8  I'hilipiie,  Count  of  Viui- 
dreuil,  2nd  son  of  the  Oovernor- 
Oeneral,  entered  the  navnl  service  in 
l(ifl8,  captain  ofaniuu-ofwiir  in  lT:iH, 
commodore  iu  1748.  llt^  ilislin- 
guisUed  himself  on  the  Intrepide  in 


the  action  between  de  I'Estenduere 
and  Hawkes.  He  died  at  Tours, 
Nov.  27, 17G3,  LieutonantOeneral  of 
the  naval  forces.  His  eldest  son, 
Louis  Philippe,  Marquis  of  Vau- 
dreuil, also  liieutenant-Qeneral, 
served  in  the  Frcncli  flcei,  during 
tlie  American  Hevohitiou.  Daniel 
Nos  Oloires,  i.,  pp.  81,  O.) ;  Operations 
of  the  French  Heet  under  the  Count 
de  Orasse,  p.  101  n. 


246 


IIIS'JOUY  OF  NEW  FUANCB. 


1711. 


Bctrcal  '>I 

tliu  laiul 

army. 


.     i 


cliaTiS  and  Tudiaiis,  had  sworn  not  to  abandon  their  post 
but  with  tlioir  lives ;  when,  on  the  25th  at  ciglit  o'clock  in 
the  evening,  a  colonist  camo  in  to  report,  that  on  the  9th 
ho  had  seen,  from  Matanea,  ninety  or  ninety-six  sails, 
bearing  the  English  flag.    On  this,  each  one  took  his  post. 

A  few  days  later,  some  Gaspe  fishermen  reported  that 
they  had  coimtcd  eighty-four  ships  descending  the  river, 
and  moving  as  if  to  put  in  at  Gaspt'.'  At  last,  on  the  7th 
of  October,  do  Beaamout,  commanding  the  Heros,  an- 
chored before  Quebec,  and  stated  that  he  had  met  no  ves- 
sel on  the  north  shore,  which  he  had  almost  always  fol- 
lowed ;  and  another  ship,  which  had  put  in  at  Gaspe,  and 
followed  the  southern  route,  arrived  a  few  days  later,  de- 
claring that  it  had  seen  nothing.* 

Such  positive  intelligence  induced  the  Governor-Gene- 
ral at  once  to  send  back  de  Kamezay  to  Montreal  with  six 
hundred  men,  whom  that  governor  had  brought  him,  of  the 
militia  of  his  district :  he  himself  followed  close  with  six 
hundred  soldiers,  who,  reinforcing  the  troops  that  had 
been  left  under  the  command  of  the  Baron  of  Longueuil, 
to  defend  the  head  of  the  colony,  formed  an  army  of  three 
thousand  men,  which  ho  placed  in  camp  near  Chambly.' 
Here  he  intended  to  await  General  Nicholson,  on  the 
march,  as  he  knew,  towards  that  point ;  but  he  soon 
learned  that  Nicholson's  army,  which  contained  many  Iro- 
quois, had  fallen  back,  and  Eouvillo  was  at  once  detached 
with  two  hundred  men  to  obtain  more  definite  intelligence. 

That  ofiicer  pushed  on  without  meeting  any  one  beyond 
the  great  Carrying  Place  on  the  route  to  Albany,  and  was 
there  met  by  three  Frenchmen  whom  de  Vaudreuil  had 
sent  to  that  city  in  June,  one  of  his  brothers  being  of  the 
number.*  They  had  been  set  at  liberty  after  Nicholson's 
return,  and  informed  llouville  that  the  consternation  at 
Albany  had  been  excessive,  when  news  came  of  the  disas- 
ter to  the  English  fleet,  a  disaster  still  unknown  in  tlio 


'  Coniiinrr  Juclii  rciui.  Uistoire  do  'lb.    p.    480. 

niotcl    Dim    (]!•   qiifboc,    p.    476.  '  HiHtoirt- dn  I'llotel  Dieu.  p.  477 

BoauiiioiiT  WHS  linitlii  r  (if  Bi'iiuhar-  Faillon,  Vio  de  M'lk'  Ic  Hrr. 

nuib",  tho  lutciidaiil.  ■*  JS.  Y.  MSS.,  Vol.  55,  p.  iJl. 


II 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


247 


French  colony.     They  addod  that  Nicholson,  on  reaching     1712. 
that  city,  had  put  all  his  wagons  under  cover  and  locked  up  "— "v-^^ 
all  the  arms  in.  the  magazines,  announcing  his  intention  of 
employing  them  the  next  year,  as  well  as  his  hope  that  the 
Queen  woiild  send  greater  forces  than  she  had  yet  done  : 
that  the  English  and  the  Iroquois  had  had  several  dis- 
putes, and  seemed  to  bo  irreconcilably  involved. 
There  being  now  no  doubt  of  the  retreat  of  the  two  En-  •wrcck  of 

glish  expeditious  that  were  to  attack  New  Franco,  simul-  "'e  KngUah 

Hoot* 

taneously  by  sea  and  land,  and  divide  its  forces,  oy  occu- 
pying them  at  the  two  extremities  of  the  colony,  and  it  be- 
ing reported  that  the  tleot  had  been  wrecked  in  the  St. 
Lawrence,  near  the  Seven  Islands,  de  Vaudreuil  dis- 
patched several  barques  in  that  direction.  There  they 
found  the  wrecks  of  eight  largo  vessels,  from  which  the 
cannon  and  best  articles  had  been  removed,  and  nearly 
three  thousand  persons  drowned,  and  their  bodies  lying 
along  the  shore.' 

They  recognized  among  them,  two  whole  companies  of 
the  Queen's  Guards,  distinguished  by  their  red  coats,  and 
several  Scotch  families,  intended  as  settlers  in  Canada;' 
but  although  the  rest  of  the  fleet  had  lain  at  anchor  for 
several  days  at  the  same  spot  tv*  remove  the  contents 
of  the  ships  wrecked,  the  French,  nevertheless,  gath 
ered  quite  a  large  booty.'    A   great  many  copies  of  a 


477 


'  These  returned  in  June,  1712, 
witli  five  boat  loads  of  spoils :  they 
found  more  than  8000  bodies  on  the 
shore,  among  them  seven  women, 
all  clasping  each  others'  hands.  Ju- 
chereau.  Histoire  do  I'Hotel  Dieu, 
pp.,  490-1.  The  vessels  lost  were 
the  Isabella  Auue  Katherine,  Bay- 
ley,  master,  and  Chatham,  Alexan- 
der, master,  carrying  Colonel  Win- 
dresse's  regiment,  of  which  252 
were  lost,  and  only  47  or  8  saved ; 
the  Samuel  and  Anne,  Walkup, 
master;  Nathaniel  and  Elizabeth, 
Howson,  master,  and  Colchester, 
Henning,  master,  carrying  L't.-Oen. 
Seymour's  regiment,  of  which  302 
were  lost,  and  375  or  8  saved  ;  the 


Smyrna  merchant,  Vernon,  master, 
carrying  Kaine's  regiment,  200  lost, 
30  saved ;  the  Marlborough,  Taylor, 
master,  Clayton's  regiment,  130  lost, 
30  saved,  and  the  Content,  a  New 
England  ship,  15  men,  all  saved. 
Sir  Hovenden  Walker's  Journal,  or 
FuU  Account  of  the  late  Expedi- 
tion, London,  1720,  p.  128.  He  thus 
makes  the  loss  of  soldiers  884  to  499 
saved. 

'  There  were  Catholic  articles 
found,  and  commissions  dating  back 
to  the  reign  of  James  II. 

'  It  sold  for  5,000  livres,  and 
12,000  livros  were  obtained  for  a 
second  lot. 


.;  :« 


348 


lyn 


MnnifPBto 
of  tlui 

AUuili'itl. 


M 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FHANCE. 

manifesto  were  found,  which  the  English  Admiral  had 
printed  at  Boston,  in  very  bad  French,  in  order  to  scatter 
among  the  settters  end  oxcito  the  people.  I  have  deemed 
this  piece  sufficiently  ourious  to  give  it  at  length.' 

"  Ihj  Ilia  ExceUencij,  John  Hux,'  General  ami  Commander- 
in-Chicf  of  lier  Britanniv  MttjvuttjH  troops  in  America. 
The  Queen  of  Great  Britain  having  just  and  indisputable 
right  and  title  to  all  North  America  by  discovery  made 
thereof  and  by  possession,  acknowledged  by  the  Most 
Christian  King,  as  appears  by  the  grants  of  a  part  thereof 
to  his  Most  Christian  Majesty  from  the  Crown  of  Groat 
Britain,  the  detail  of  which  would  be  tedious  on  this  short 
manifesto.  And  as  sound  reason  cannot  convince  us  that 
such  grants  should  have  been  given,  that  people  should  set- 
tle in  those  places  as  enemies,  in  order  to  harass  the  sub- 
jects of  Great  Britain ;  but  rather  with  a  view  that  those 
lands  and  territories  should  be  held  as  fiefs,  and  as  the 
nature  of  such  tenures  and  articles  of  treaties  of  neu- 
trality made  between  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain  and  the 
Most  Christian  King,  to  be  observed  by  the  English  and 
French  in  America,  although  there  might  be  war  in  Eu- 
rope between  the  Crown  of  Great  Britain  and  the  Most 
Christian  King :  the  French,  nevertheless,  have  committed 
several  hostilities  against  the  Ftubjects  of  the  Kings  of 
Great  Britain  ;  therefore  those  countries  thus  possessed  by 
the  French,  do,  according  to  the  laws  of  nature  and  the 


'  Tliia  inanifeito  has  been  copied 
from  the  printed  sheet,  ao  that  the 
faults  of  sense  found  in  it,  are  those 
of  the  author  or  translator :  Charle- 
voix. Sir  Hovenden  Walker,  Jour- 
nal, pp.  211-315,  gives  "  A  rough 
draught  of  the  mauifeato  as  drawu 
by  mu,  which  was  tranalatL-d  into 
French."  The  Fruuch  follows  it 
pretty  closely.  Its  uttor  absurtiity 
was  shown  by  (Iraugi;  do  Cliessioux, 
La  Oonduite  des  Fran(;ai8  JiistiHt^e, 
pp.  199-200,  and  by  Buttil-Dumont 
in  his  edition  of  the  Conduite  dea 
Frau(;ais,  p.  200,  when  Jufferys  en- 


deavored  to  use  its  statements  as 
historical  facts. 

■'  Brigadier  Hill  was  a  brother  of 
Mr.  Masliam,  (jueen  Anne's  favor- 
ite. His  force  was  about  7000  men, 
Ave  veteran  regiments  from  Eu- 
rope, his  own  701  men,  Windressc's 
700,  Clayton's  700,  Kane's  700,  L't. 
Ounural  Seymour's  703,  Kirk's  700, 
Disney's  800,  Churchill's  marines 
and  300  recruits,  with  Vetch's  Mas- 
sachusetts and  Walton's  Now  Hamji. 
shire  and  U.  I.  regiments,  Boston 
News  Letter,  July  16-83,  17U. 
Walker's  Journal,  107-9,  190-1. 


,! 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRAlSTrB. 

nation,  of  right  revort  to  tlio  Crown  of  Groat  Br'<'i  u 
whonco  tlioy  originally  canio,  and  hor  Miijosty  of  'i,  .  .t 
Britain  may  lawfully  rcHumo  thoni,  ovou  though  then  "xre 
no  war  between  her  and  the  Most  Christian  King,  joined 
to  the  constant  coraYilaints  of  the  subjects  of  her  Majesty 
of  Great  Britain  of  the  horrible  barbarities  and  unheard- 
of  cruelties  instigated  and  committed  on  them  by  the 
French,  with  the  Indians;  as  is  most  evidently  seen  by  the 
reward  of  forty  livros,  given  by  the  French  to  the  Indians 
for  each  English  scalp. 

"  All  these  things  have  justly  moved  her  Majesty,  and 
have  induced  her  to  succr  her  subjects,  oppressed  in  so 
abominable  a  manner.  ne  '  igs,  her  predecessors,  for 
want  of  proper  and  suiifoie  •  oitunity  to  reduce  those 
lands  and  that  couutrv  .  '  ith  .vore  lost  for  their  posses- 
sion, her  Majesty  h^  .  ^  i  /ery  pious  and  just  intention 
of  establishing  henf-OiOi  a-d,  pei-petual  peace  in  North 
America,  by  prevei.f  !g  and  arresting  the  very  unjust  rava- 
ges and  execrabL  (  wers  against  her  subjects,  has 
resolved,  under  tho  protection  of  Almighty  God,  to 
recover  all  the  said  lands  and  country,  and  appoint  gov- 
ernors in  the  cities,  toAvns,  villages,  castles  and  forts,  where 
the  most  Christian  King  has  pretended  to  settle  any. 
And  because  the  French  settlers  now  in  those  warts, 
might,  out  of  ignorance  or  obstinacy,  be  induced  by  mali- 
cious and  turbulent  people  to  resist  her  Majesty's  good 
designs,  she  has  thought  fit,  hoping  that  God  wiU  favor  so 
pious  an  enterprise,  to  send  such  a  strength  as  may,  by  the 
Divine  assistance,  be  sufficient  to  reduce  all  who  oppose 
reason  and  justice. 

"  Esteeming  all  the  French  who  are  settled  in  the  said 
land  and  territory,  under  the  pretended  titles  of  the  Most 
Christian  King,  to  be  as  much  subjects  to  the  Crown  of 
Great  Britain,  as  if  born  or  settled  there  or  in  Ireland,  or 
in  other  parts  of  her  Majesty's  colonies,  whioli  are  imme- 
diately under  her  protection ;  hence,  having  in  view  her 
interests  and  the  good  of  her  subjects,  we  have  thought  fit 
to  declare,  in  a  most  solemn  manner,  that  all  the  French 


219 


1 7 II 


t    i 


250 


niSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1711 


liviug  in,  uiul  ubout  Ciiuada,  iu  tho  citioH,  towns  unci  villa- 
ges, who  shall  willingly  put  thoiusolvos  umlor  the  protoo- 
tiou  of  hor  MujoMty  of  Grout  Britiiin,  and  submit  to  hor 
laws  and  govorument,  and  bo  found  losiding  on  tlioii-  habi- 
tations and  plai'os,  without  any  diniiniitiou  of  thoir  Hocks 
and  houses,  shall  bo  kindly  reooivod  and  treattul  and  main- 
tained, thoy  and  their  heirs,  iu  quiet  and  peaceable  possos- 
siou  of  their  lands,  houses  and  otlier  effects  lawfully  to 
them  belonging,  shall  onjoj  liberty,  privileges  and  ex- 
emptions, in  common  with  tho  rest  of  her  Majesty's  natural 
subjects,  together  with  the  free  exercise  of  thoir  religion. 
And,  whereas  some  may  prefer  to  return  to  Franco  rather 
than  live  under  tlie  government  of  hor  Majesty  of  Groat 
Britain,  extremely  mild  and  happy  though  it  bo,  wo  do  also 
declare,  provided  they  do  not  take  up  arms,  nor  directly 
incite  any  one  to  resist  her  Majesty's  forces,  and  be- 
fore any  act  of  hostility  on  either  side,  by  voluntarily  sur- 
rendering, thoy  shall  have  liberty  to  embark  iu  ships  to  be 
furnished  to  them,  equipped  with  all  thiugs  necessary  to  go 
to  France,  aud  take  with  them  tho  goods  of  which  they 
shall  be  just  possessors,  or  to  sell  them,  as  well  as  thoir 
land  and  other  immovables. 

"  As  to  tho  bishop,  ecclesiastics,  religious  aud  missiona- 
ries, if  they  do  all  in  theii'  power  to  induce  the  French  to 
obey  the  orders  of  her  Majesty  of  Great  Britain,  we 
promise  that  all  regard  shall  be  shown  them,  according  to 
their  dignity,  functions  and  character,  far  from  being  treat- 
ed as  enemies,  and,  if  they  choose,  ships  shall  be  furnished 
tliom,  equipped  with  all  necessaries,  to  transport  to  France 
for  them  tho  effects  which  shall  appear  to  belong  to  them, 
but  if,  on  the  contrary,  thoy  shall  dissuade  the  people  from 
accepting  the  terms  herein  offered,  they  shall  be  held  as 
guilty  of  all  the  unpleasant  measures  which  shall  bo  taken 
to  reduce  them  by  force. 

"  We  further  declare,  that  all  who  shall  take  up  arms,  un- 
der pretext  of  defending  said  places,  cities,  towns,  villages, 
castles  or  forts,  shall  be  treated  as  enemies  and  usurpers, 
aud  all  tieir  lands,  houses  and  other  goods,  shall  be  seized 


IHSTOUY  OP  NEW  FRANf'E. 

ami  ftcquirod  to  hor  MajoHty'n  profit,  to  bo  (ILstributod  to 
thoHo  who  filmll  j^ivo  iiBHiHtiiuco,  in  orilor  that  tlioHo  coim- 
triori  bo  uuclor  tho  Hway  of  hor  MiijoHty  of  Cheat  Briiuiu, 
and  auy  Huch,  who  shall  distiuguiah  aud  wiguaU/o  thcm- 
solvoa  ou  this  occasiou  for  her  Majesty's  sorvico,  shall 
rocoivo  special  marks  of  hor  good  will,  iu  proportion  to  tho 
servicos  thoy  shall  havo  rcndored. 

"  However,  we  here  dodaro,  that,  after  thoy  have  lonuuit- 
ted  acts  of  hostility,  wo  think  oursolves  discliarged  from 
the  execution  of  those  promises,  and  that  none,  except 
those  who  shall  havo  surrendered  or  distinguished  them- 
selves before  any  act  of  hostility,  shall  be  allowed  to  sot  up 
any  claim  to  the  favors  heroiubeforo  offered ;  aud  wo  shall 
then  have  no  other  aim,  with  God's  blessing,  than  to  crush 
by  force  of  arms,  tlioao  who  resist,  hopiug  that  Ood,  who 
is  Almighty,  will  give  generous  success  to  the  arms  of  her 
Mujesty,  in  so  reasonable,  just  and  religious  a  design. 

Boston,  B.  Ubaen,  1711." 

Even  if  thoy  had  not  known  in  Canada  in  what  manner 
th(  English  used  the  right  of  conquest  in  tho  Now  World, 
their  bad  faith  in  observing  treaties,  their  harsh  treatment 
of  prisoners,  the  recent  example  of  Acadia  and  tho  false 
pretext  sot  up  by  tho  author  of  the  manifesto  to  autho- 
rize him  in  refusing  to  spare  any  one,  under  protouco 
thftt  they  had  not  submitted  till  after  the  first  hostili- 
tios,  wtsre  but  too  well  calculated  to  rouse  every  good 
Frenchman  to  continue  tho  defence  to  the  last  extremity, 
to  say  nothing  of  the  chimerical  and  unsupportablo  pre- 
tensions of  Hill  as  to  the  right  of  the  English  Crown  to  all 
North  America. 

But  as  there  is  no  state  without  malcontents  or  illniinded 
men,  tho  indignation  against  this  document  would  not  havo 
been  so  general,  had  it  appeared  amid  the  French  settle- 
ments at  tho  same  time  with  the  French  fleet.  Those 
whom  the  threats  would  havo  intimidated  the  most,  if  they 
liad  had  to  dread  their  fultillmeut,  ai'e  the  boldest  in  despis- 
ing them  when  they  are  no  longer  to  be  feared. 

The  English  admiral  could  scarcely  impute  to  any  ono 


251 


ryii. 


5    '■. 


UIHTOUY    OF  NEW    b'UANv'B. 


WImt 
••mined   tin 
liiftH  of  the 

doet 


!l 


■  711.     but  hiuiHolf,  the  rniu  of  liin  iluut.     Ho  had  ou  board  a 
Fruach  priHuuor  uaiutHl  Pariidiu,'  uu  uhl  uavigiUor,  per- 
fectly familial'  with  tho  St.  Lawrunci).     TIuh  luau  waruud 
him  wlieu  tluiy  wuro  otf  tho  Hovtm  Ihloa,  uot  to  ruu  too 
cloHU  to  tho  Hhoro ;  aud,  au  tho  wiml  wan  uot  favorable, 
and  thoy  could  only  tack  about,  ho  tackod  fio(iuoutly. 
Tho  admiral  at  hiHt  (,'»ttiuK  tired  of  thin  manmuvriug,  aud 
porhapH  suspecting  tho  pilot  of  doing  it  only  to  tire  out  his 
crow,  refused  to  como  to  stays,  aud  ruu  so  closo  to  a  littlo 
islaud  culled  Isle  aux  (Eufs,  that,  being  surprised  by  a 
sudden  wiud  from  tho  southeast,  ho  was  wrecked  there 
with  seven  others  of  his  largest  ships,  from  which  ho  saved 
very  few  souls.' 
iioi.\n         To  deliver  Now  Franco  from   all  disquiet,  thoro  was 
ovlr"  "  needed  only  positive  information  as  to  tho  real  disposition 
of  tho  Iroquois,  more  to  bo  dreaded  alone,  in  spito  of  thoir 
potty   numbers,   than   tho    English   without   thorn.     The 
French  had  already  leai-ned  that  thoy  had  joined  Nichol- 
son, to  the  uumbor  of  more  than  six  hundred ;  but  it  was 
also  known  that  thoy  had  all  left  him,  oven  boforo  he  could 
have  been  informed  of  tlio  wreck  of  part  of  tho  Eaglish 
fleet.     Tho  sumo  thing  occurred,  as  wo  havo  alre.uly  seen, 
on    almost  every   occasion  that  the  two  nations   united 
against   us,  and   independent   of   tho   reasons   of   policy 
referred  to  by  us,  it  is  certain  that  thoy  are  not  consti- 
tated    to  act   long   in   concert   together ;    that   haughty 
prido  on  ono  side,  and  ferocious  pride  ou  tho  other,  will 
always  render  them  incompatible,  and  that  their  mutual  an- 
tipathy  has  hitherto   been  tho  greatest  resource  of  New 


Ciuiadn. 


'  ParadiB  wiuj  an  ol;l  iiavi junior,  la- 
ken  on  thti  Neptunu  from  Rocliello, 
by  tlui  Chester,  ('apt.  MattUowH,  Ju- 
ly S.'),  O.  S..  near  the  mouth  of  tlie 
Bt.  liBwrence.  Juchercau,  Hist,  de 
I'Hotol  IMcu,  p.  481.  Walkers  Jour- 
nal, p.  110.  l''or  his  rttateinent  to 
Walker,  see  Jnuriml,  p.  111). 

'  As  to  the  loss  of  the  fleet  see 
Sir  Hovendeu  Walker's  Journal,  i)p. 
Vii-a  ;    I'onlmllow's  Wars  of  New 


Ehiglaiul,  p.  05  :  Letter  of  Sampson 
Slieaf,  Annapolis,  Oct.  0,  1711,  in 
Ilutcl,  iuBon,  Hist.  Mass.,  ii.,  p.  180; 
Letter  of  den.  J.  Hill,  Aug.  2.'),  1711, 
to  Governor  Hunter.  N.  Y.  (-'ol. 
Doc.,  iv.,  p.  277 ;  the  Feverslmni  and 
three  transports,  the  JoB<>iih,  Miiry, 
and  Neptune,  were  lost  on  I 'apt; 
Breton,  Oct.  7.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  v., 
p.  284.   Walker's  Journal,  p.  35. 


HISTOHY  OF  NEW  FlUNCB. 


1711 


Frimco,  which  will  iilwiiyH  havu  tlumu  two  iiatioiia  an  ( 

mitm,  tho  oiio,  for  four  of  bc-in^  crusluid,  tlio  otlmr,  buciiUHO  "— ^<'"~' 

thuy  ciiuuot  livu  iu  pouou  with  uh  ua  tiio  hiuuu  coiitiiumt. 

After  all,  iu  thu  miiuiior  iu  which  tlic  two  grout  innuiuu'utH 

woro  Hcuttoroil  that  wuro  to  attacic  it  HiinultauoouHly,  oach 

with  a  forco  hujwrior  to  auy  it  could  hriug,  tho  Frouch  col- 

ouy  (ioukl  uot  but  rocof^uizo  a  I'rovidoaco  which  wivtdiod 

Hiuf^ularly  ovor  itH  proHcrvatiou,  and  which,  not  Hatisficd   Wrrok  of 

with  roHcuiu^,'  it  from  tho  greatest  daugor  it  had  yet  ruu,  "'"fl^g^"''' 

hail  curiclusd  it  with  tho  s(ioiIs  of  au  uuoui;-  whom  it  had 

uot  had  tho  paiuH  to  cou(iuor ;  heuco  thoy  roudorod  Him 

moHt  heartfelt  thanks. 

yoon  afttir,  thoy  had  reason  to  renew  thorn  iu  regard  to 
tho  port  of  Plucontia,  whicii  that  i'  vino  I'rovideuco  pro- 
Borvod  by  tho  .same  way  it  had  employ  od  to  save  tho  gov- 
ernment of  Montreal,  that  ia,  by  striking  its  onomios  with 
vertigo.  Tho  English  fleet,  on  its  way  to  Quebec,  hod 
intercepted  I'jttors  from  do  Costebcllo,  making  known  hia 
wretched  position  in  Newfoundland,  and  the  necessity  of 
promptly  relieving  him.'  After  tho  shipwreck,  tho  com- 
manders of  the  remaining  vessels  debated  whether  or  not 
to  go  to  Placentia  aud  make  up  for  the  loss  thoy  hud  just 
sustained,  and  they  certainly  hud  force  enough  loft  to  take 
that  place  and  all  tho  posts  dependent  on  it,  but  misxinder- 
ing  arising  between  the  military  and  naval  officers,  they 
woro  compelled  to  renounce  tho  project.' 

Tho  only  advantage  derived  by  England  from  tho  oxcos- 
Bivo  outlay  just  made,  was  tho  preservation  of  Acadia. 
The  Court  of  France  was  exceedingly  anxious  to  recover 
that  province  ;  the  repeated  efforts  of  tne  English  to  get 
it  into  their  power,  aud  still  more,  their  exultation  on  its 


Frultlens 

efforts  to 

recover 

Acudia. 


'  Tlieeo  letters  arc  given  ia  Sir  H.  up.     Iu  1715  he  wnB  struck  off  tho 

Walker's  Journal,  pp.  !3yO-299.  list  of  flag  ofllrers  anil  deprivnl  of 

*    II).    \>\i.    140-1 :    Uesolulion    of  half  pay,  uftor  having  held  a  coni- 

t'outicil  ipf  War.  pp.  ;f(H)-'i.   Admiral  mission  for  2S  year'.     He  tln'ii  set- 

Wiilker  on  las  way  buck  took  poises-  tied  in  I'arnlina,  Init  ln'ing  ill  treated 

sion  of  Ciipi'   Uretou    iti  Septenilier.  by  the  novernment  theri',  removed  t<) 

.lournal,  p.  l.")I  ;  after  ri'aehing  Eug  Uarlmdoes.     lie  died  in   Hi').   Ueat- 

luud,  liis  liagriliip,  the  Kdgar,  lilew  son,  roliticiil  Index,  II.  Ul. 


'i; 


HISTORY  OF  NKW  FRANCE. 

conquest,  Lad  at  last  opened  the  eyes  of  the  French  to  the 
greatness  of  the  loss  they  had  sustained,  and  in  this  spirit 
de  Pontchartraiu  wrote  to  Mr.  de  Beauharnois,  who  had 
succeeded  Legon  as  Intendant  of  Rocholle  and  Eochofort. 

"  I  have  sufficiently  explained  to  you,"  says  ho,  "  how 
important  it  is  to  recover  that  post  (Port  Eoyal)  before  the 
enemy  become  solidly  planted  there.  The  preservation  of 
all  North  America,  and  the  fisheries,  alike  require  it ; 
these  are  two  objects  which  touch  me  to  the  quick,  and  I 
cannot  too  strongly  urge  them  (the  Governor- General  and 
Intendant  of  New  France)  to  regard  them  with  the  same 
eyes.'" 

It  was  the  minister's  greatest  wish  that  the  Mar- 
quis de  Vaudreuil  should  undertake  the  task  with  only 
his  own  troops  and  the  Canadian  militia.  On  his  side, 
the  General,  to  ensure  success,  asked  only  two  ships 
from  France,  with  what  men  and  munitions  they  could 
carry  ;  but  moderate  as  this  reinforcement  was,  it  was 
impossible  to  send  it.  Still  he  did  not  wish  to  be 
reproached  with  not  having  made  an  eflbrt  when  de- 
sired, and  we  have  seen  the  Marquis  d'Aloguies  was  on 
the  point  of  marching  with  troops  to  support  the  In- 
dians and  colonists,  who  were  blockading  Port  Boyal 
when  the  news  of  the  approach  of  the  English  fleet  dis- 
concerted his  plan.' 

Then  the  Acadian  settlers,  seeing  no  further  hope  of 
shaking  off  the  English  yoke,  were  compelled  to  make 
terms  with  the  Governoi'  of  Port  Royal ;  but  they  sent  to 
assure  the  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil,  that  necessity  alone,  and 
esj)ecially  the  fear  of  being  disturbed  in  their  harvesting, 
had  driven  them  to  this  step ;  that  nevertheless,  the  King 
would  have  no  subjects  more  faitliful  than  themselves.  De 
Pontohar train,  informed  of  their  good  disposition,  turned 
to  another  quarter,  and  ordered  Mr.  de  Beauharnois  to 
induce  the  Kochelle  merchants  to  form  a  company  strong 
enough  to  expel  the  English  from  Acadia,  and  plant  there 


Vaudriuil  to  roftclmrlruin.Oct.  25,  ITl  1.   N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  859. 


I'll 


)  <  ^ 


HISTORY  OF  NFAV  FRANCE. 


25/: 


two  good  settleinonta,  one  at  la  Heve,  the  other  at  Cheda-     •  7 '  i  • 
bouctou.  ^— -r-~-' 

At  the  S-ime  time  and  with  the  same  view  he  sounded  the 
richest  traders  of  St.  Malo,  Nantes  and  Bayonne  ;  but  the 
important  inducements  offered  in  his  Majesty's  name,  and 
assured  in  every  way  they  could  desire,  failed  to  find  a  man 
willing  to  lead  the  enterprise,  and  all  refused  to  make  the 
advances  required  for  an  expedition  in  which  the  State 
alone  was  to  be  the  gainer. 

Nevertheless,  while  they  were  discussing  in  Old  and  Nlw  Exploit  of 

^  "  HI  Indian 

France  the  means  of  recovering  Acadia,  the  project  had  P^^y- 
well  nigh  been  carried  out  without  the  slightest  interven- 
tion of  Mr.  de  Pontchartrain  or  the  Marquis  de  Yau- 
dreuil.  Sixty  Englishmen  of  the  garrison  of  Port  Royal, 
commanded  by  the  major  of  the  fort,  an  engineer  and  six 
other  oflScers,  had  embarked  in  canoes  to  go  and  burn  the 
houses  of  the  French  who  had  not  yet  made  terms,  or 
who  perhaps  deferred  too  long  complying  with  the  condi- 
tions, as  well  as  to  secure  their  persons.  Forty  Indiana, 
getting  wind  of  it,  undertook  to  surprise  them.  Divided 
into  two  parties,  they  marched  under  cover  of  the  woods, 
on  both  sides  of  the  river  in  which  the  English  were  as- 
cending, and  proceeded  to  await  them  at  the  passage, 
in  a  spot  well  fitted  for  an  ambuscade.  The  enemy, 
utterly  unsuspicious,  were  caught  without  their  having 
taken  any  precaution,  and  the  Indians  fii'ed  so  seasonably 
that  not  a  single  man  escaped  to  convey  this  inteUigeuce  to 
Port  Eoyal." 

Encouraged  bv  this  success,  the  settlers  flew  to  arms,  as-  PortK.oy*! 
sembled  to  the  number  of  five  hundred,  and  set  out  in  Juno    miiised. 
to  invest  the  fort ;   many  Indians  joined  them,  and  Mr 
Gaulin,  their  missionary,  informed  de  Costebelle,  Governor 


I  Letter  of  F.  Felix  Cappe,  Aug. 
4,  1711,  cited  N.  V.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  p. 
858.  Costebelle  to  I'ontcbartrain, 
July  24,  1711.  (Walker,  p.  293.) 
L'Hermite  to  same,  July  22,  1711. 
(lb.  p.  297.)  Tlu'  ludians  were  sent 
liy  St.  Cnstin,  and  commanded  by 


L'Ayinallo.  Vetcb,  commandant  of 
tbe  Englisb  fort,  sen  his  niiMi  out, 
June  21.  One  man  escaped,  lb. 
'I'lio  party  was  couinianded  by  Capt. 
Pigeon,  a  regular  officer.  Ilutcbin- 
son.  Hist.  Mass.,  ii.,  p.  181.  Soo  Ante 
p.  238. 


266 


IIISTOliT  OF  NEW    FRANCE. 


1711. 


Generosity 

ot  the 
people  of 
Quebec. 


Do 
VatidrcuU 
treats  with 

the 
Iroquois. 


of  Placcntia,  that  if  he  wovild  send  Mr.  I'Hermite  to  take 
commaiul,  he  would  guarantee  success ;  but  de  Costebelle 
needed  all  his  officers,  and  for  want  of  leaders,  the  settlers 
and  Indians  retired.  It  was  soon  after  ascertained  that 
the  garrison  of  Port  Royal,  which  had  been  five  hundred 
men,  was  then  reduced  to  one  hundred  and  fifty,  some  hav- 
ing been  carried  olf  by  a  contagious  disease,  and  many 
more  having  deserted.' 

The  next  year  the  rumor  again  spread  that  the  English 
were  preparing  to  take  the  sea  with  a  new  fleet,  to  besiego 
Quebec,  and  the  Governor-General  obtained  from  the  cof- 
fers of  the  merchants  of  that  city,  a  sum  of  fifty  thousand 
crowns  to  add  new  fortifications.  At  the  same  time,  he 
received  several  intimations  that  the  English  wore  recon- 
ciled to  the  Iroquois,  and  hoped  to  induce  that  restless  na- 
tion to  give  us  trouble  in  the  north  and  west  of  Canada,  in 
order  to  open  a  path  for  them  to  estabhsh  their  power  on 
the  ruins  of  ours.  This  intelligence,  though  it  did  not 
prove  true,  was  not  utterly  unfounded. 

It  is  even  very  probable  that  if  Joncaire  had  not  secured 
the  Senecas,  and  the  Baron  de  Longueuil '  negotiated  with 
his  usual  tact  with  the  Onondagas,  we  might  have  soon 
fovmd  ourselves  in  difficulties  almost  inextricable.  Depu- 
ties came  at  last  from  the  cantons  to  make  new  excuses  for 
the  past,  and  loud  protestations  of  inviolable  tiidelity  in 
keeping  their  prom?  sea  in  future.  Faitb  in  their  sincerity 
had  to  be  displayed.  Nevertheless,  de  Vaudreuil  at  first 
spoke  to  them  firmly,  Le  then  made  them  considerable  pre- 
sents and  dismissed  them,  perhaps  better  disposed  to  us 
than  whou  they  had  come. 

But  they  had  shortly  before  raised  up  against  us  a  new 


'  GauUn,  Lettre,  Sept.  5,  1711. 
Canada  Doc,  III.  ii.,  pp.  8!)3-6. 
Vauiireuil  to  Pontchartraln,  Oct. 
25,  1711.  N.  Y.  Col,  Doc.,ix.,p.  8.59. 
Costobellf  to  saine,  July  84,  1711,  (in 
Sir  H.  Walker's  Journal,  pp  393, 
288.)  1/lIennito  to  same,  lb.  p. 
298,  HutcliiuHon,  Hist.  Mass..  ii.,  p. 
181. 


'  CUarlus  le  Moyne  do  Longuuuil, 
(Ist  Baron),  son  of  Charles  lo  Moyuo, 
born  at  Montreal  Dec.  10,  l(i50, 
wounded  at  Quebec  in  1090,  created 
Baron,  Ooveruor  of  Throe  IJivereaud 
of  Montreal.  Administered  the  colo- 
ny from  Vaudreuil's  death,  Oct.  10, 
1725,  to  Sept.  2,  1720.  Daniel,  i.,  p. 
06-01. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


257 


enemy  as  bravo  as  tliemselves,  less  politic,  much  fiercer, 
■whom  we  have  never  been  able  to  subdue  or  tame,  and  who, 
like  those  insects  that  seem  to  have  as  many  lives  as  parts 
of  their  body,  spring  to  life  again,  so  to  say,  after  their  de- 
feat, and,  reduced  almost  to  a  handful  of  brigands,  appear 
everywhere,  have  aroused  the  hatred  of  all  the  nations  ou 
this  continent,  anc  for  the  last  twenty-five  years  and  more, 
interrupt  commerce,  n.nd  render  the  roads  almost  impracti- 
cable for  more  than  five  hundred  leagues  around.  These 
are  the  Outagamis,  commonly  called  the  Foxes. 

Till  the  time  now  treated  of,  they  had  figured  little  in 
Canadian  aifairs ;  but  they  had  recently  confederated  with 
the  Iroquois,  and  had  apparently,  through  them,  just 
formed  an  alliance  with  the  English.  They  had  promised 
the  latter  to  burn  the  fort  of  Detroit,  to  massacre  all  the 
French,  and  introduce  English  troops  into  the  fort.  To 
carry  out  this  design,  they  had  come  in  great  numbers  to 
lodge  at  Detroit,  quite  near  the  fort,  and  there  is  no  kind 
of  insult  that  they  did  not  oflfer  to  the  Siour  du  Buisson, 
the  commandant,  a  good  oflicer  and  worthy  man.' 

The  Kikapoos  and  Mascoutins  had  entered  theii'  plot ; 
the  latter  had  already  repaired  in  considerable  numbers  to 
the  neighborhood  of  Detroit,  and  awaited  only  the  arrival 
of  the  Kikapoos,  to  execute  their  ti'eason,  when  they  as- 
certained that  Saguima,  an  Ottawa  chief,  and  some  Potta- 
watamies,  had  killed  about  one  hundred  and  fifty  Mascou- 
tins of  both  sexes.  At  this  news,  they  were  roused  to 
fury,  and  Josepli,  a  Christian  Outagami,  strongly  attached 
to  the  French,  warned  du  Buisson  that  he  was  going  to  bo 
attacked  at  once  in  his  fort." 

The  commandant  had  only  twenty  Frenchmen '  with  him, 
and  his  whole  resource  lay  in  the  Hurons,  Ottawas  and 
some  other  Indians,  with  whom  he  lived  on  good  terms, 


1712. 


Clmracter 
of  Iho 
Foxt'B. 


They 

undiMtako 

to  bum 

Detroit. 


•  lit!  was  Bent  to  take  the  place  of 
Sieiir  do  la  Forest.  I'ontchartraiu  to 
Vaiulreuil,  July  ?,  1711.  N.  Y.  Col. 
Doc,  ix.  |).  857.  See  n  menioir  on 
Detroit,  by  de  la  Forest,  (Oct.  1. 
1714.)  (lb.  p.  8(iC). 


■'  Du  BuiHKou's  Report,  Juue   15. 
1712.     Smith's    Wisconsin,   iii.,   p. 

ai«-7. 

'  Tliirty.   lb.  p  310. 


258 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE, 


1 71 2.     but  who  were  at  the  time  ofT  himtuif^.     Hi 


Du 

BuissDii's 

Jiruparii- 

ttuus. 


8i'!ison:il)lv 


by  (iiir 
allius. 


summoued 
)om  to  join  liiin  without  dchi}- ;  lie  then  demohshed  all 
the  houses '  out  of  the  walls  of  his  fort,  and  adopted  all 
other  measures  that  time  permitted,  10  meet  the  enemy's 
first  onslaught.  On  the  IStli  of  May,  he  learned  that  his 
allies  were  approaching,  and  ho  soon  after  descried  them 
marching  in  fine  order. 
'"!j'7"-'.''.'f  Among  them  were  Otta^^as  commanded  by  8aguima, 
Hurons,  Pottawatamies,  Sues,  Menouionees,  Illinois,  Osa- 
ges,  Missourites,  and  each  nation  had  its  own  flag.  This 
little  army  halted  at  the  village  of  the  Hurons,  who  ad- 
vised tilt  lu  not  to  encamj),  bvii,  to  push  on  straight  to  the 
French  fort.  "  There  is  no  time  to  lose,"  said  they  ;  "  our 
Father  is  in  danger ;  he  loves  us,  he  has  never  done  us 
aught  but  good,  we  must  defend  him  or  perish  at  Lis  feet- 
Saguima,  do  you  see  that  sn-oke?  They  are  three  women 
of  your  village  whom  they  .  ;  burning,  and  your  wife  ouo 
of  them."  These  three  v.-oujen  were  indeed  prisoners 
taken  by  the  Foxes,  b'lt  no  more  was  known,  and  the  Hu- 
rons .spoke  thus  apparoiiiy  only  to  rouse  Saguima  to  ven- 
geance. As  soon  u,6  they  had  ceased  speaking,  a  general 
cry  arose  that  echoed  iur-iagh  all  the  surrounding  fields. 
The  enemy  ga',  iv.  >  ansviiring  yell,  and  forty  of  them  de- 
tached to  watch  our  allie.r.  These  adventurers,  by  a  spe- 
cies of  bravado  not  uncommon  among  these  savages,  had 
i  I'-ipped  themselves  quit.i  naked,  but  had  i)aiuted  the 
'\  jole  body  in  such  a  manner  as  to  render  them  hideous. 
They  were  tired  upon  and  driven  off. 

When  the  allies  approached  the  fort,  the  chiefs  sent  to 
ask  the  Commandant  for  permission  to  enter,  and  the 
gates  were  at  once  thrown  open.  Du  Buisson  gave  them  a 
welcome  proportioned  to  the  service  they  were  rendering, 
and  after  all  had  taken  their  ])lHces  around  liim,  according 
to  custom,  the  speaker,  in  the  name  of  all,  said  to  him  :" 

"  Father,  behold  youv  children  around  you.  For  what 
you  did  la.st  year  to  rescue  tluim  from  the  fire  of  the 
Foxes,  they  arc  bound  to  expose  their  lives  for  your  ser- 


'  TJic  cliureli  also.     11;.  y.  317. 


^  lb.  p.  aitwjso. 


1U 


.  I 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  PRANCE. 


259 


L 


The  Foxcfl 

il  in 
fort. 


vice.     "Wo  fear  uot  cleatb,  \vc>  \\i\  evoii  die  clioorfullj,  if      1712. 

need  be,  for  our  Father  and  liberator ;  the  only  favor  wo  "^ ' 

ask,  is,  that  yovi  induce  Ononthio,  the  Father  of  all  the  t,,^,.,. 
nations,  to  take  care  of  our  wivo.s  and  childrim,  and  that  ,'"'','' ^'-^  to 
you  cover  our  bodies  with  a  little  grass,  to  keep  off  the 
flies.  You  see  that  we  have  left  our  villages  and  our  fami- 
lies, to  rush  to  your  assistance;  wo  have  doiu;  it  so 
promptly,  that  wo  had  not  time  even  to  get  munitions  and 
provisions,  so  that  we  trust  you  will  not  let  us  suffer  for 
want  of  either." 

The  Commandant  tlianked  them  briefly,  and  distributee 
among  them  provisions,  lead,  powder  and  tobacco.  Then  \fl\'f 
the  old  men  went  through  the  ranks,  exhorting  the  young 
braves  to  do  their  duty  well,  and  especially  to  obey  their 
Father  punctually.  The  Foxes  quite  calmly  awaited  the 
Confederates  in  their  fort,  which  was  only  about  masket- 
sliot  from  the  French  fort.  Here  they  were  pretty  well 
entrenched.  However,  they  were  scarcely  invested  ou  all 
sides,  before  the  constant  fire  ke^pt  np  on  ^hem,  forced 
them  to  put  themselves  four  or  five  feet  in  tlie  ground. 

Then  the  besiegers  raised  two    rough  scaffokls,  twv''ity-     .Tiif^ir 

visr*>roci3 

five  feet  high,  from  which  they  galled  the  besieged  so  mc-  defence, 
cessfully,  that  as  the  latter  no  longer  dared  tr>  venture  out 
for  water,  and  their  }>rovisions  were  soon  consunv  d,  'Jiey 
suffered  greatly  from  hunger  and  thirst.  Tu  Hiis  e:xtrei.i- 
ity,  borrowing  strength  from  despair,  th(  v  [ought  \Mih  a 
valor  which  long  made  victory  doubtful ;  ley  even  raised 
on  their  palisades  a  nuui1)or  of  red  bla'ikirts  as  3agt>,  crying, 
at  the  top  of  their  voi(  that  they  had  no  1  itther  but  the 
English,  who  would  allibly  come  to  their  =  liof  or 
avenge  their  death,  ..A  inviting  such  of  our  ahies  as 
wished  to  as.surt;  their  lives,  to  adopt  the  same  courde. 

The  Pottawatorai  viiief  replied,  that  if  the  ground  must 
be  stained  with  l)l<>od,  as  they  seemed  to  mean  by  tlieso 
signals,  it  should  vith  their  owii ;  tlial   t'ley  had  been 

V(^i-y  il]-atlvised  tu  jo. 11  the  English,  who  durst  not  take  the 
field  against  the  French,  who  could  make  war  only  like 
foxes,  who  liail  destroyed  all  the  tribes  by  poisoning  them 


2G0 


UISTOUY  OF  NEW  FUANCE. 


1712. 


Tlicy  ii.sk 
pence. 


t 


witli  their  braudy,  aucl  wlio  wore  enemies  of  the  true  God. 
These  dialogues  did  uot,  however,  please  the  Sieur  du 
Buissou,  as  they  checked  the  combat,  ami  gave  the  enemy 
a  breathing  space.' 

The  besieged  had  already  profited  by  it  to  gain  a  house 
that  had  uot  been  completely  demolished,  and  which  joined 
their  fort.  There  they  raised  a  redoubt  from  which  they 
fired  under  cover  of  the  gable.  But  the  Commandant  demol- 
ished it  with  his  artillery ;  then  the  enemy  raised  fearful 
yells,  and  some  moments  after  they  asked  permission  to 
send  deputies  to  du  ^3uisson.'  Before  granting  the  favor, 
that  Commandant  vvished  to  have  the  consent  of  the 
chiefs,  whom  he  convoked  in  council.  All  agreed  that 
they  iTiust  seize  the  opportunity  to  rescue  fi'om  the 
hands  of  the  besieged,  the  three  women  already  men- 
tioned. They  were  accordingly  informed  that  he  was 
ready  to  hear  them.  Very  early  the  next  morning,  the  red 
blankets  disappeared  and  gave  place  to  a  white  tiag.  Then 
Pemoussa,  the  great  chief  of  the  Foxes,  presented  himself 
at  the  gates  of  the  camp,  attended  by  two  warriors ;  they 
were  admitted,  the  Council  assembled,  and  as  soon  as  they 
were  introduced,  Pemoussa  placed  before  the  Coramaud- 
aut  two  prisoners  and  a  belt,  begging  him  to  allow  him  two 
days,  that  the  old  men  might  discuss  the  means  of  appeas- 
ing lum  and  making  satisfaction.  Then  he  tiirned  towards 
the  I'ldians,  presented  them  also  two  slaves  and  a  belt, 
and  spoke  thus : 

"  Remember  that  we  are  your  brothers,  and  that  in 
shedding  our  blood,  it  is  your  own  you  shed.  I  beg 
you,  therefore,  to  calm  the  mind  of  our  Father,  whom 
we  have  unfortunately  angered.  These  two  slaves  are 
to  replace  a  little  blood  tliat  we  have  perhaps  shed."  As 
the  Indians  did  not  answer,  du  Buisson  spol-e  and 
informed  the  deputies,  tl.al  he  could  not  feel  assured  of 
the  sincerity  0!'  iheir  i-.',k)  1  ;iic(!,  lill  they  brought  back 
Saguima's  wife  and  tli-    two  otiiers  taken  with  her;  tliat 


lb.  Pi 

ThiH 


illiv    th' 


Kiviicii  i:.'i  v: 


killed  ill  tlio  fun 
kill.'il  3il. 


mid  cluim  to  liavu 


■nn 


III8T0HY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


261 


he  would  not  listeu  to  them  till  these  three  captives  were     17  a. 
restored  to  liiiu.  -— ~y— .^ 

Poiuoussii  ill  excuse  'lUoged  thfit  did  not  depend  entirely 
on  him,  and  tliat  he  must  go  and  imi)art  his  iuteutioua  to 
the  Hachems.  He  was  allowed  the  rest  of  the  day,  and 
assured  that  the  French  would  not  fire  till  his  return,  pro- 
vided, huwever,  that  no  one  left  the  fort.  Two  h<uirs 
after,  two  Mascoutin  chiefs  and  a  Fox  arrived,  bearing  a 
white  flag,  followed  by  the  three  women,  whom  they  pre- 
sented to  the  Commandant.  They  manifested  great 
regret  for  having  otVended  him,  and  begged  him  to  give 
them  all  liberty  to  retire.  Du  Buisson  replied,  that  they 
must  not  apply  to  him  for  this,  as  he  had  pledged  his  word 
to  his  alhes,  to  leave  tLom  absolute  masters,  to  do  as  they 
saw  fit. 

This  reply  was  greatly  applauded  by  the  Indiaub,  and  Spf'^-pJ'  <^.^ 
the  Great  Chief  of  the  Illinois "  in  the  name  ox  all  said  to  cbii  f  to  tho 

1         1  •  IT  1    ii  depuUea. 

the  deputies:  "Yom"  past  condnct,  and  the  agreement 
you  have  made  with  the  English.  leave  no  room  to  doubt 
some  evil  intention  on  your  part,  in  asking  your  Father 
leave  to  retire ;  no  sooner  would  you  leave  the  camp,  than 
you  would  hasten  to  form  new  plots  against  him,  and  come 
to  attack  him  at  a  time  when  we,  perlia))s,  might  be  too 
far  to  come  to  his  assistance.  You  Inne  supposed  us  in 
ignorance  ul  y^n.v  arrangement  with  the  English ;  your 
promise  to  estabhsh  them  here,  after  having  exterminated 
all  the  children  of  Ononthio ;  but  you  were  mistaken. 
Know  then,  that  our  final  rescjlve  is  to  receive  your  surren- 
der only  at  our  discretion,  and  not  to  leave  the  s|)ot  till  we 
force  you  to  it;  even  our  Father  could  not  make  us 
change,  and  in  this  alone  would  we  disobey  him.  Better 
than  he  does,  we  know  your  evil  heart,  and  do  not  intLiid 
to  abandon  hiiu  to  your  uicioies.  lli'turu  at  uuci  i.)  yi>uv 
fort;  we  merely  await  tliat  to  renew  the  ;'cfi<iii." 

The  deputies  retired  with  this  unexpected  answer,  and 
as  soon  as  tliey  had  re-entered,  the  attack  was  resumed 
with  fresh  vigor.      The  defence  was  no  less  stubborn  ;  the 


'  lU  i;i..  :!-i:M!. 


■'  M.c;>-  i;iiLi.ii'liy, 


2C2 


UISTOHY  OF  NEW  FUANC'E. 


1712. 


The  Av'^ti 
contiuiies. 


Tlio  bo- 
sk'gura  (Ua- 


The  eora- 

riiUies 
thorn. 


be.sicgocl  discliargod  at  onco  aa  mauy  as  three  hunilred 
arrows,  tippoil  with  lighted  tinder,  aud  iu  some  cases  with 
slow-uuitches,  to  sot  tire  to  the  Frouch  fort ;  thoy  did, 
really,  bum  several  houses  which  were  merely  thatched, 
aud  to  proveut  the  couflagratiou  from  spreadiug,  all  the 
rest  had  to  be  covered  with  bear  and  deer-skins,  aud  a 
largo  supply  of  water  collected.' 

This  Htubboru  resistance  at  last  wearied  the  confeder- 
ates, tliey  despaired  of  succeeding  in  their  attempt,  and 
pretended  to  fear  that  tha  French  would  stop  supplying 
them  with  provisions.  The  French,  seeing  them  on  the 
point  of  retiring,  as  they  would  then  be  exposed  to  the 
rage  of  au  irritated  nation,  already  talked  of  embarking 
for  Michilimackinac,  and  du  Buisson  was  on  the  point  of 
being  obliged  to  flee  before  enemies  whom  ho  had  reduced 
to  the  last  extremity,  and  whom  ho  had  seen  two  days  be- 
fore at  his  knees,  begging  him  to  be  satisfied  with  treating 
them  as  his  slaves. 

To  regain  the  Indian  chiefs,  he  had  to  strip  himself  of 
all  he  had,  and  when  he  supposed  that  he  had  won  each 
one  to  his  sidp  by  his  largossus,  he  called  the  council.  He 
there  began  to  complain  that  they  wished  to  abandon  him 
in  the  very  height  of  the  peril,  after  leading  him  into  it : 
he  then  expressed  his  astonishment  that  so  mauy  brave 
men  reuounced  a  certain  victory  that  would  cover  them 
with  glory.  Some  chiefs  seemed  surprised  at  his  words, 
and  interrupted  him  to  protest  that  thoy  hold  to  their  reso- 
lution io  shed  the  last  drop  of  their  blood,  sooner  than 
leave  the  work  incomplete  ;  that  they  could  not  understand 
what  could  have  aroused  the  unfounded  suspicions  he 
seemed  to  entertain.' 

iUI  the  others  made  the  same  protestation ;  they  again 
sang  the  war-song,  aud  each  resuming  his  post,  the  be- 
sieged saw  that  they  could  look  for  safety  only  on  the 
harsh  couditioas  imposol  upon  them.  There  were,  as 
stated.  Sacs   among  the  Confederates.     There  were  also 


'  Two  piTiagiias  weru  tilled  with 
water,    lb.  [i,  '.i'-li. 


'  lb.  pp.  326-aao 


IIIHTOIiY   (JF   NKW   PIiAN(  E. 


2fi3 


AiiDtlior 

dc'lHIIaUou 

i>t    lln: 


among  tho  onomy,  because  tluit  uation,  as  elsownero  17 '2. 
remarked,  ia  divideil,  as  it  wore,  into  two  factions,  one 
attached  to  the  Foxes,  and  tho  other  to  tho  Pottawata- 
mies.  Tho  Sacs,  shut  up  witii  the  Foxes,  ahuost  all  de- 
serted, and  from  them  it  was  ascertained  that  the  besieged  ''^''''-'K"'' 
were  at  tho  last  extremity  :  that  tlnjy  sull'ered  more  from 
hunger  and  thirst,  than  from  the  fire  of  tlus  besiegers ; 
that  they  had  already  lost  eighty  men,'  and  that  thei  fort 
was  full  of  dead  bodies,  which  caused  a  horrible  mfection. 

All  this  was  strictly  true,  and  soon  after  the  enemy 
asked  to  parhiv.  It  was  su^iposed  that  they  would  now 
surrender  at  discretion,  and  they  were  permitted  to  send 
deputies.  Two  Outagami  chiefs,  Pomoussa  and  another,' 
at  once  came  with  several  prisoners,  and  in  a  garb  that 
seemed  to  them  calculated  to  touch  the  confederates. 
They  said  that  for  themselves,  they  durst  not  tlatter  them- 
selves that  their  lives  would  be  spared,  but  they  earnestly 
begged  quarter  for  their  old  men,  women  and  children. 
"  Kemember,"  they  added,  "  that  you  are  our  grand- 
nephews  ;  it  is  your  own  blood  you  seem  so  eagerly  to 
thirst  for ;  would  it  not  bo  more  honorable  to  spare  it,  and 
more  pi-oQtable  to  hold  us  as  slaves." 

Pity  does  not  easily  enter  an  Indian  heart,  and  tho  long 
resistance  of  the  enemy,  had  irritated  the  besiegers.    They 


Tho  Com- 
mandant 

persisted   in  demanding  that  the  Foxes  and  their  allies  thim  from 
should  surrender  at  discretion.     fcJome  even  proposed  to  """^'"^""^ 


du  Buisson  to  massacre  the  deputies ;  but  he  angrily 
replied,  that  they  must  be  drunk,  to  make  him  such  a  pro- 
posal; that  these  two  men  had  come  on  his  word  ;  given 
only  by  th(3ir  own  consent,  and  that  he  would  never  permit 
the  least  outrage  to  be  done  them  in  his  fort. 

They  replied,  that  these  two  envoys  were  tho  authors 
of  all  the  xrouble,  and  that,  having  so  often  used  perfidy 
themselves,  they  did  not  deserve  that  others  should  be  so 


tho 
deputies. 


'  Sixty    to    eighty     women    and 
children  by  hunger  and  tliirst.     lb. 


''  Allamirau.  lb.  j). 3130.  Also  two 
Mawoutin  cliiet's,  Kuit  Snd  Ouubi- 
maoitou. 


264 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FHANrR. 


1712.  HcnijnilouH  towjirds  tlioni ;  but  tlioy  spoko  in  vain.  The 
^'^'v-^  Coiiiniandiuit  r(i|)Ii('<l,  (hut  it  liwanio  ncitlior  him  nor  thorn 
to  Iniitdto  tliuir  I'xaiDpIc,  and  ho  Hont  back  tho  two  dopu- 
tioH,  tolling  thorn  tliat  ho  had  no  otlior  loply  to  niako  thorn 
but  that  already  niado.  Tho  wrotohod  Foxoh  had  uow  no 
hope  cxoopt  of  boing  able  to  oscapo  under  cover  of  bad 
woathor ;  and  in  fnot,  aftor  ninoto(>n  days  8it'fj;(\  a  heavy 
rain-Htorni  having  scattorod  tho  bosiogorH,  thoy  weizod  tho 
oi)portuuity  and  escaped  by  night.' 

This  was  diHoovovod  at  daybreak,  and  a  ynirsuit  bogiin." 
hi'Kii  v'l'il    T'li'y  wore  found  ([uito  well  intrenched  four  leagues  oil',  on 
csciijM!  an    ^^  p(,jiitisula' running  out  into  litthi  Lak(^  St.  Clair,  and  an 
purtutd.    j^j^^,jj,  eiitrencluuouts  were  scarcely  visible,  the  asHailauts, 
ai)proaching  with  too  little  precaution,  had  at  first  more 
than  twenty  men  killed  or  wounded.    They  had  to  l)egiu  a 
uow  siege,  which  lasted  four  days,  and  woukl  have  been 
even  longer,  if  tho  French  Commandant  had  not  brought 
up  two  tiold-pieces. 
Thov  are       '^^^^   besieged   at  last  surrendered  at  discretion,   and 
almost  all  ajjiiost  all  with  arms  in  their  hands  were  pitilessly  slaugh- 
tered  on  tho  spot.     Thu  rest,'  to  the  number  of  ouo  hun- 
dred and  fifty,  without  counting  women  and  children,  were 
reduced  to  slavery  and  divided  among  the  confederate  na- 
tions, who  did  not  keep  them  long,  but  massacred  nearly 
all  before  Uiey  parted.    The  loss  of  tho  allies  amounted  to 
sixty  men  killed  or  wounded  ;■  tho  Hurons,  among  whom 
there   were  tweuty-tive  Christian  Iroquois,  distinguished 
themselves  beyond  all  the  rest,  and  also  lost  more  men ; 
but  this  expedition  cost  tho  enemy  more  than  two  thou- 
sand Bouls.o 

Du  Buisson  acquired  hero  great  honor  by  his  firmness 
and  disinterested  course,  which  led  him  to  strip  himself  of 


i   r,'    ' 
.1 


'  II).  i>l).  ti30-l.  '  One   biuiJrcd  won;   Ujiiad,  but 

■'  De  Viiu'i'nnt-H  joined  in  the  i)ur-  esaijiwl.    lb.  p.  ;io3. 

Buit  with  K>ine  of  tlio  Friiuoh.  '  This   is  the    Indian   loss ;    the 

»  Prt.s<|U'ltiIi',  near  Lake  Bt.  Clftir,  Fiencli  liad  one  liilled,  five  or  six 

oi>lX)site  llo^'  Island.    L.  (.".  Dniper,  wounded.    lb.  p.  833. 

■Wisconsin  liist.  Coll.,  v.,  p.  7S.  '  Du  Buinson  says  1000. 


niHTORY  OP  NEW    FTIANCE. 


2C6 


everything  in  fnvor  of  IiIh  allios,  Tlio  rosnlt  of  liin  victory 
was,  that  tlio  Eii^^HhIi  iIcHpairoil  of  cHlnhliHliiii^'  tliiiiisclvcs 
at  Detroit,  a  stop  tliat  would  bccu  ultor  niiii  to  Now 
France,  not  only  on  account  of  tlio  jionition  of  tlio  phuM), 
wliich  Ih  tho  contro  of  Canada  ami  tho  fiuost  part,  l)ut  also 
because  it  would  liavo  rendered  inipoHHil)le  tho  hiust  com- 
umnication  witli  tlic*  Up])t)r  Indians  or  Louisiana. 

Thoro  wero  still  many  differences  to  settle  bi'twtHin  our 
allioH,  and  tlio  Qovoi-nor-Goneral  judf,'(^d  it  incessary  for 
success,  to  begin  by  restoring  Fort  ]Michihmackiuac.  Tlio 
next  year  he  sent  there  Mr.  do  Louvigny,  and  towards 
tlio  ond  of  this  year,  lu^  dispatchod  several  ollicers  of  ex- 
porienco  and  merit  to  visit  tho  nations  of  the  North  and 
West,  and  per.suado  them  to  lay  aside  all  subjects  of  com- 
plaint that  thoy  had  given  one  another.  All  this  was 
effected  with  t  (]Uid  success  and  skill,  and  tranquillity  was 
perfectly  restored  in  Canada. 

Yet  it  was  impossible  to  induce  these  tribes  to  stop  car- 
rying their  furs  to  tho  English,  as  thoy  had  openly  lone 
for  some  years.  Even  tho  domiciliated  Indians  soon  fol- 
lowed tho  torrent,  and  to  remedy  this  great  evil,  it  would 
have  been  necessary  to  raise  tho  price  of  beaver  in  Franco 
and  diminish  thai  of  goods  in  Canada.  Tho  former  of 
these  two  expedients  did  not  depend  on  the  traders  ;  but 
had  they  well  understood  their  interests,  they  would  have 
adopted  the  second  by  sending  every  year  to  Quebec  on 
their  account  goods  to  the  amount  of  40  or  50,000  francs. 
This  increase  would  have  brought  down  the  price,  and 
enabled  the  traders  in  the  colony,  to  supply  tho  Indians 
at  lower  rates  ;  but  there  was  no  persuading  them  of  this. 
Accordingly,  the  fnr  trade  is  now  almost  exclusively  in  the 
hands  of  the  Entdish. 

Meanwhile,  although  the  negotiations  for  peace  had  not 
yet  closed  at  Utrecht,  the  Governors-General  of  New 
Frr.nco  and  New  England  received  express  orders  fi'om 
their  sovereigns  to  atop  absolutely  all  hostilities  between 
the  two  nations  and  their  allies ;  but  thej-  soon  after 
received  intelligence  that  the  Queen  of  Great  Britain  had 


1712. 


KrnI',  of 
vlciory. 


Rpftflon  of 

the  (liclino 

of  Irudi'  In 

Cuuuda. 


^ 

^^^ 

^v< 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


// 


^  A 


//       >V^ 


^ 


^ 


1.0 


I.I 


l^|Z8 

m  m 


|Z5 

■  22 


IL25  i  1.4 


i 


1.8 


I 


r 


y 


Photographic 
Sdences 
ion 


33  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  MSSO 

(716)  B72-4S03 


^^ 


\ 


iV 


\ 


:\ 


l\ 


<^ 


4Kf 


2G6 


iiisroiiY  (»i"  .hKw  kuance. 


'7'^'      witiiiliuwii  fnmi  tho  Icuf^iu'  luniud  to  ilcUiroiie  tho  Catho- 
'~^  ^  '     lif  kiug,  Philip  V.'     Notliiug  couhl  biivu  fonie  more  huii- 
Tcrriuinr    suiiablL'  for  llio  ^ovtMiiiueul  of  lioslou,  wliicli  tlio  Abiiakis 
J-MKiuii  iiy  Wfio  nivugniy  lu  all  tliructions,  uiiil  tliiH  rfiihou  wuh  cit- 
ol  t'ti'ucht.  liuuly  uol  tbo  Icuut  iufluuiititil  in  brinj^iug  tliu  Court   of 
Loiiilou  to  the  ro.sohitiou,  uuver  to  j itlil  tlic  point  iis  to 
the  cessiou  of  Aciuliii.    Thoy  showcil  the  wiinie  linuueHs  ii8 
to   our  poHseHsious  in    Newfouuilhiuil  iinl  lluilsini    Bay, 
unci  Louis  XIV.,  who  had  also  reasons  of   his   owu    for 
raising  uo  obstacles  to  the  treaty,  which  he  wished  to  cou- 
cludo  with  her  Biitaunic  Majesty,  at  hist  sucrilicod  those 
three  proviuues,  and  the  rights  which  he  claimed  over  tbu 
five  Iroquois  cantons. 
_,j^ij  This  last  article  did  not  deprive  us  of  anything  real,  or 

IroiiuciU  givo  anything  more  to  the  English,  as  the  Cautons 
ii'*^}''  rmewed  the  protestations  that  they  had  already  more 
uuce.  than  oucc  maile  I'.gaiust  the  reciprocal  pretensions  of  their 
neighbors,  and  tuey  have  succeeded  quite  well  in  main- 
taining possession  of  their  liberty  and  independeuco. 
Tho  English,  who,  with  this  exception,  possess,  in  their 
regard,  a  part  of  tho  advantages  to  be  deriveil  from  tho 
sovereignty  of  a  nation  resolved  to  sutler  uo  master,  have 
not  deemed  it  expedient  to  attempt  to  reduce  thtm.  They 
contented  themselves  with  erecting,  in  course  of  time,  a 
fort  on  Lake  Ontario,  at  the  mouth  of  the  lliver  Chou- 
gueu,  (Oswego.;  But  as  the  Onoudagas  saw  this  establish- 
ment erected  on  their  land  without  opposing  it,  we  ob- 
tained of  the  Senecas  permission  to  erect  a  similar  one  at 
the  enhance  of  >>iagara  lliver,  nearly  (Ui  the  bite  of  tho 
Manjuis  de  Di'uonville's  fort,  in  l(58G.  This  permission 
thi^y  had  n  luhni  tin.'  English,  saying  that  they  were  their 
own  masiiih  to  rtc-eivo  whom  tluy  pleasid  among  ihem, 
and  that  llu  y  did  not  wish  to  have  two  nation.i  there  at 
onec,  to  luhturl)  the  peace  by  their  multial  animosity. 

It  was  nut  the  same  in  regani  to  the  Ab('naqiii  nations. 
The  En^lisii,  wiio  wire  cmu  more  stronj^ly  bent  on  haviii;^ 

'   Hall-  lo   MiKMly,  iNyv.  lt«,   171;i,    onliT  i"  iiuiiMiiil  to  (.'amula  iiiul  (it>  |' 
•ifkiiif;  liii^l  ;<.b1hv('  iiiu  lligciici!  in     lio>tilitiiii.  .Miisf^.  Hist,  (oil.,  s,  jiV.j^ 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

tliege  Ituliaus  as  subjects  than  the  Iroquois,  imagined 
that  thoy  would  moot  no  dilliculty  in  the  mattor  aftor  tlio 
treaty  of  Utrecht,  iiiasumch  as  tlioy  thouglit  that  tiity  had 
taken  suitable  measures  to  acquire  the  sovereignty  of  their 
country. 


267 


171a. 


An 
KM;;lisll 

lllilli-IlT 

iiixlirliikcm 

III  ^Cllllt'O 

||i<:hu 
tiibojt. 


Eiii^llsh 

cIllilllR 

Article  XII  of  that  treaty,  declares  that  the  the  Ahumv- 
most  Christian  King  cedes  to  the  Queen  of  England  in 
perpetuity  "  Acadia  or  Nova  Scotia,  entire,  according  to 
its  ancient  limits,  as  also  the,  city  of  Port  Iloyal,  now 
called  Annajiolis  iloyal,  and  generally  all  that  depends  on 
the  said  lands  and  islands  of  that  country.' 

Her  Britannic  Majesty's  commanders  in  New  /^ingland 
and  Acadia,  on  receiving  the  treaty,  deemed  nothing  more 
urgent  than  the  impartiiig  of  its  contents  to  the  Abeua- 
quis  ;  but  the}  believed  it  necessary  to  observe  conaidera- 
bl(^  caution  with  tribes  who  were,  they  knew,  no  groat  lov- 
ers of  their  nation,  and  whoso  valor  they  had  too  fre- 
quently experienced,  to  feel  at  all  tempted  to  reduce  them 
by  force.  They  did  not  even  deeni  it  expedient  to  begin 
by  declaring  that  they  consi<lered  them  as  subjects  of  the 
English  Crown,  convinced  that  in  their  actual  state  of 
feeling,  such  a  proposition  would  only  alienate  them  the 
more.' 

The  Governor-General  of  New  England  accordingly 
judged  that  before  all  else,  they  must  be  won  over  from 
thi>ir  missionarit  s  and  gradually  accustomed  to  live  with 
the  English.  With  this  view,  he  sent  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Kennebec,  the  ablest  of  the  Boston  ministers,  to  open  a 


'  Tn-aty  of  UtrwMit,  Mcmoirt'H 
(IfK  ("oiiiniiHsain-H,  ii.,  iip.  120-7. 

'  On  lifiiriuf;  of  tlic  iii'ucc,  the  lu- 
(liiiiiM  lanio  in  to  annnouncr  it,  iind 
July  II.  I*i;t, fi>rlit  <l('li%'iiti's  Ni^rncil 
n  tri'iiiy  ttt  Pdi-tsniDiitli,  N.  II.,  wliicli 
111)  inti'llijji-nt  man  will  bcliuvr  they 
uiiclcrhtiiixl.  S1H3  it  in  I'l'iilmllow, 
Iiuiiim  Wnre,  TS  Si*:.:  anil  iiioro  cor- 
rirtly,  .Mhini'  IIInI.  Cull,  vi.,  pp. 
".")() -'-'.")li  Kiirili.T  artidi'h  wi'i'o  ol)- 
taiiifil  .Inly  ■•»,  irit  II,.  p.  2.-)7: 
mill  still  liiiiliiT,  III  AmiwHick  Is- 
laiiil,  Aug.   li,  1717.      lb.  jip.  UOO- 


202.  Ilutdiinson.  ii.,  p.  I!)!).  K<ir 
French  accnunt.  »vf  Knle,  U^ttrcs 
KJifiunti'i — Kip's  JiHuit  .Mis.iiunK, 
p.  .50.  lliiw  ilioy  fniiiiil  an  iiitcr- 
pn-ttT  nbli-  to  iruiiHliiti.'  the  law- 
tcriuK  of  i!u!H(' written  trealius  into 
Alii'nainii,  is  u  mystery.  'I'lin  trans- 
lation must  have  been  oral — if  liter- 
al, iiicoiiipreliensible,  if  not,  cxjr 
tainly  not  iiiornlly  biinlin^'oii  tlniii. 
lliilchiiison,  ii  ,  p  '.'Itl,  admits  that 
they  Were  in  wnnls  of  wliieh  tliu  In- 
Jiang  hull  no  adequute  idua. 


I 


r  i) 


f  ■*  ■  i: 


1   i 


I    I 


26B 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE, 


Whnt 

occiirrud 

liclwecu 

thin   iniiils- 

Ur  and 


•7»7-  school ;  auil,  as  ho  knew  these  tribes  to  bo  uxtiemcly  bus- 
'~ ^~^'  ceptible  to  unj  kiiuluesH  shown  their  children,  he  ordored 
this  teacher  to  support  his  little  pupils  at  the  goverumeut 
expense,  and  with  this  view,  assiguetl  him  an  alLwauco 
which  was  to  increabo  in  proportion  to  the  number  he 
might  induce  to  froquout  his  school.' 

The  minister  uuglectod  nothing  to  carry  out  the  Gover- 
nor's views :  he  went  to  the  village  for  the  children,  ca- 
ressed them,  made  them  presents;  in  a  word,  for  two 
mouths  he  used  great  exertions,  yet  without  succeeding  in 
gaining  a  single  one.  Uudiscouraged  at  this,  he  applied  to 
the  parents  of  these  children,  and  addressed  them  several 
questions  touching  their  belief,  and  on  their  replies,  ho 
turned  into  ridicule  the  Sacraments,  Purgatory,  the  Invo- 
cation of  the  Saints,  and  all  the  practices  of  piety  in  use 
among  Catholics.' 

Father  Sebastian  llusle,  who  had  for  many  years  back 
directed  this  rising  church,  beheved  it  his  duty  to  oppose 
these  first  seeds  of  seduction.  He  wrote  a  very  polite  let- 
ter to  the  minister,  and  among  other  things,  told  him  that 
his  neophytes  knew  how  to  believe  the  tmths  which  the 
Catholic  Church  teaches ;  but  that  they  did  not  know  how 
to  disj)uto  about  them  ;  that  by  ])roposing  to  them  difficul- 
ties which  he  may  well  have  supposed  they  were  not  in  a 
position  to  answer,  it  was  aj)pareutly  his  design  that  they 
should  impart  them  to  their  missionary :  that  he  seized 
with  pleasure  this  opportunity  to  confer  with  an  able 
man ;  leaving  it  to  his  option  to  do  so  orally  or  in  writing, 
and  that  meanwhile,  ho  sent  him  a  memoir,  which  he 
begged  him  to  read  attentively. 


'  The  iniraiimHry  sent  vaa  Rev, 
Josepli  Baxtrr.  St'c^  "  .lournnl  of  gdV- 
eral  vMte  to  tin'  luiiiaus  on  tlie 
KcnnnlH-c  River,  by  tlio  Rev.  .Joseph 
Bnxti'T  of  MiHltielil,  Maj«.,  1717,  with 
notiu  liy  till!  Rev.  E.  Niiwm  "  He 
WBH  Hclcctcil  l)_v  (l(iv.  Hlniti'  iM'tiirt^ 
till!  ArroWHirk  tii'uty  nt  1717.  anil 
was  introdun'd  to  llii'  Ahiiaki  dr|iu- 
tiP8  by  thf  Uiivernor.  at  tbi'  time  of 
itb  execution,    lb,  p.  .'i.    Maine  Hint. 


Coll.  iii.,  p,  364.  Charlevoix  foUows 
Rale'ti  Letter,  Oct.  15,  17:J'J.  I.<'tlri,-» 
EdillunleH,  Kip,  Jesuit  Miaeiouu,  pp. 
7-U. 

'■'  Baxter'H  •lournal  ehows  that  ho 
labored  chiefly  among  the  whites: 
lin  piinversed  with  Indians  frnm 
time  to  time  on  relijrion,  and  .lan'y 
1,  171S,  preached  to  the  Indians  at 
Saf^gadehock :  liut  he  Ib  silent  in 
regard  to  the  childrea. 


Ill 


HISTOUV  OF  NEW  FUANi'E. 


269 


Tim 

former 

kiivcH  llio 

Held. 


In  this  memoir,  wliich  was  qu^io  long,  tho  missionary  1713  2  j 
provoil  by  Hcripturo,  ti'ftilitioi:  unci  tlioologicul  roasous, 
those  do(,'ma8  which  tlio  miuistor  had  aasaiied  with  stale 
pleasautrios.  He  luhluil,  at  the  close  of  his  letter,  that  if 
he  was  not  satislied  with  his  proof,  he  expected  a  clear 
refutation  from  hiui,  grounded  on  certain  priucii)lus,  and 
not  on  vague  arguments,  still  less  on  malignant  rodections 
and  indecent  satues,  which  becaiuo  nt'ither  their  profes- 
sion, nor  the  importance  of  the  matters  m  discussion  be- 
tween them. 

Two  days  after  the  receipt  of  this  letter,  the  minister 
started  back  for  Boston,'  whence  he  adilrewhed  Father 
Easlo  a  brief  reply ;  but  so  obscure,  and  in  such  uninteUi- 
giblo  Latin,  that  tLo  missionary,  after  reading  it  rej)eat- 
edly,  could  moke  nothing  of  it,  OAcei>t,  that  the  minister 
complained  that  he  was  unreasonably  attacked ;  that  only 
zeal  for  the  salvation  of  souls  had  induced  him  to  teaoh 
the  way  of  heaven  to  the  Indians  ;  and  that  the  proofs 
which  he  ailduced  against  him,  were  ridiculous  and  puerile. 

Father  llasle  replied  on  the  spot  by  a  letter  which  ho 
dispatched  to  Boston,  and  to  which  he  received  no  an- 
swer, till  after  a  lapse  of  two  ytiars  :  the  minister,  without 
entering  into  the  matter,  informed  him  that  he  had  a  sus- 
ceptible and  critical  spirit,  and  that  this  was  the  sign  of  a 
temperament  inclined  to  anger.  Thus  ended  the  dispute ; 
the  missionary  delighted  to  have  diiven  olf  the  preacher  so 
easily,  and  balHed  the  project  this  man  had  formed  for  ae- 
ducfug  his  tlock.  This  first  attempt  proving  so  fruitless, 
the  Boston  government  had  recourse  to  another  artifice, 
but  with  no  better  success.' 

An  Englishman  asked  of  the  Abenucpiis  [)nrmiHsion  to 
build  a  kind  of  storehouse  on  tlio  banks  of  their  river,  in 
order  to  trade  with  them,  promising  to  sell  his  gooils  much 


'  He  ('mI>ark>Mi  for  IJonton  ut  J^r 
rowHiok.  Si'i't.  .«.  1  ;■,'!.  (»  S  Jour 
mil,  |i.  17. 

•'  Hal.V  Ictiir.Oct.  0-,',  irC^.  Kulo 
crilii-isod  Uuxtcr'tf  Kaliii.  Frnneiti, 
l-ifr  i)t'  IJnli'.  11.  2.jS.     !*.•.•  Hulchiii 


Hon,  ii.,  i>.  'J:i!).  Bnxlcr'a  fiiinl  roply 
iw  in  ihi'  Mass.  Hist.  .Sx-'y.  'I'he 
iniHMoimry  sifrncd  "  Huli'. '  Letter, 
Nov.  i;p,>.  M.,.  Fruiicig,  y.  Iti4. 
SUi'ii's  Catliolk-  MitiHioiiH,  tacHiiuile 
I'rciiu  furisli  Ufgiulur  iu  CauaUa, 


i  I 


I 


{     i' 


i  t 


« 


970 


niSTOUT  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1713  22.  cLoapor  than  they  couKl  buy  them  ovoii  at  Boston.    Tlio 

•■—>—-'  luiliaiiH,  tiiKling  tho  offer  vt^ry  advantageous,  consentotl. 

Mniiv      Another  EnL'liHliumu  .soon  nlU^r  Holii'itetl  tho  same  perniis- 

wtiic     sion,  offornig  Htill  moro  advautagoous  concutions  than  tho 

hunks  of   former,  and  this  was  also  granted.     This  facihty  in  tho  In- 

Kuuuubcc.  dians  enil)()ldened  tho  EugUsh  ;  they  settled  in  quite  largo 

numbers  along  the  river,  without  taking  tho  troublo  to  ask 

tho  consent  of  the  natives  of  the  country  :  erecting  houses 

and  oven  building  forts,  some  of  them  of  stone.' 

Tlie  Abenaijuis  did  not  socm  offended,  not  perceiving 
the  snare  laid  for  them,  and  regarding  only  the  con- 
venience) of  finding  in  their  now  guests,  all  that  they 
might  desire ;  but  at  last,  seeing  themselves,  as  it  were, 
surrounded  by  English  settlements,  they  opened  their  eyes 
and  began  to  distrust.  They  asked  the  English  by  what 
right  they  thus  ;<ettled  on  their  lands,  and  erected  forts. 
They  were  told  that  tho  King  of  Franco  had  ceded  their 
country  to  tho  English  Crown,  and  the  effect  of  this  reply 
on  their  mind  can  bo  conceived,  only  when  it  is  known  to 
what  a  i)oiut  these  nations  are  jealous  of  their  liberty  and 
independence. 
,,iy  They  made  no  re[)ly  to  the  English,  but  tlispatched  dep- 

Abi  luMinls  uties  at  once  to  tiio  Marquis  do  Vaudreuil,  to  ascertain 
ihrv  lire  from  him  wlu  ther  it  was  true  that  tiie  King  of  France  had 
Uuut.  disposed  in  favor  of  tho  Queen  of  England  of  a  country 
of  which  they  claimed  to  be  solo  masters.  The  Governor- 
General's  reply  was,  that  tho  treaty  of  Utreclit  did  not 
mention  their  country,  and  tiiis  satisfied  them.  Some  time 
before,  tho  Governor-General  of  New  England  had  assem- 
bled their  chiefs,  to  inqtart  to  them  intelligence  of  tho 
peace  concluded  between  the  French  and  English,  and 
having  exhorted  them  to  live  on  good  terms  with  him,  and 
forget  all  the  i>ast,  he  added  that  the  King  of  France  hatl 
given  to  the  Queen  of  England,  I'laceutia  and  Port 
Royal,  with  all  the  adjacent  hinds.  A  chief  replied,  that 
the  King   of  Franco  might  dispose  of  what  belonged  to 


'    Them-    Mittk-meii's    winxj    cvi-    potted  h.  10  by  CHiarlevoix,  not  after 

(I'Ullv  iiiuili'  I'licir  to  the  tiim-  mip      17JI. 


IIISTOHY  OP  NEW  FIIANCE. 


271 


lihu  ;  ns  for   liimself,  ho  biul  Lis  land   whoro  God  had  1 713-2 J. 
phiceJ  him,  and  m  long  as  a  chi  d  of  his  uatiou  survived,   —- y— -* 
bo  would  liglit  to  luaiutaiu  it.     Tho  Euglish  govoruor  did 
not    insist,    and    dismissod    tho    Indians    after    foahtiug 
thorn.' 

lleassurod  by  this  course,  thoy  no  iongor  thought  of  dis-  Th.y  are 
tiubing  tho  Engii.ih  wlio  woro  in  tho  neighborhood  of  th(>  [CkiIikIuS 
Konnoboc  :  tliey  oven  gradually  got  in  the  way  of  trading 
with  them  ;  but  ouo  day,  having  entered  au  English  j)laco 
to  tho  number  of  twenty,  they  suddenly  behold  thoniselvos 
iuvostod  by  two  hundred  armed  inon.  "  Wo  are  dead 
men,"  at  once  cried  one  of  them,  "  but  let  us  sell  our  lives 
dearly."  Thoy  prepared,  in  fact,  to  rush  on  this  troop, 
when  the  English,  aware  what  those  Indians  are  capable 
of  when  driven  to  bay,  declared  that  they  had  no  designs 
against  thorn ;  that  thoy  merely  came  to  invito  thora  to 
send  some  of  their  chiefs  to  Boston  to  confer  with  th« 
Govenior-Geueral  on  tho  moans  of  confirming  tho  peace 
and  good  understanding  between  the  two  nations.^ 


'  Bale's  Letter  to  liis  nephew, 
Oct.  15,  ITii.  Lottrve  Edifiautes. 
(Kip,  p.  0.)  Tho  French  did  not 
admit  tliat  the  Al)uaki  territory 
was  comprised  in  Acadia,  but  ro- 
8tricte<l  tliat  title  to  the  {M-QinHula 
uow  called  Nova  Scotia.  See  Me- 
moirs in  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix.,  pp. 
878-«81 ;  Aiilx-ry's  Memoir,  1720, 
lb.  pp.  «!)4-rj  ;  Uobe's  Memoir,  II). 
))p.  «l:J-7  ;  lb.  U,33-3  ;  Answer  to 
Memoir  of  liig  Britannic  Majesty, 
II).  pp.  ltSl-2.  Still  the  French  i^'ov- 
orument.as  if  conscious  that  itajuld 
not  lie  ionjf  held.  projKweil  to  remove 
the  Ahi'na«|ui  Indians  to  Cape  Bre- 
ton, lb.  p.  S7it.  Father  dtt  hi  t'lmsso 
urni-d  his  ^'overnnient  to  settle  the 
boundary  with  England,  as  had  lieeu 
done  at  the  treaty  of  Kygwick,  but 
they  would  not  act  on  his  wise 
counsel.    lb. 

"  Uale  to  his  nephew,  t)ct.  l."), 
17','2.  Vaudnuil  iind  Hcf^onto  Louis 
XIV.,  Oct.  8,  17J1,  ciliuj;  Rule,  and 


Vaudreuil  to  Rale,  Jnne  15.  (Ilutrli- 
insou,  ii,,  p.  287,)menti<mH  a  division 
in  the  village  in  rejjard  to  any  fur- 
ther opiMwition  to  the  English  anil 
tlie  giving  of  hostages,  but  not  the 
treachun>us  action  hero  mentioned. 
On  the  2d  Nov.,  1720,  at  the  (Jene- 
ral  t'ourt,  the  House  ordered  l.TO 
men  to  march  t<j  Norridgewock  to 
com|H-l  imyiiumt  of  trespasHes  ;  Ralo 
to  be  apprehended  by  John  Leigh- 
ton,  High  SheriH'  of  York,  but  the 
Council  refu8«id  to  concur,  llutchin- 
S(m,  ii.,  p.  2ll>.  He  remarks:  "  The 
charge  of  carrying  on  the  war,  it 
was  sai<l,  would  be  no  burden  to  the 
proviiici-;  the  French  now  durst  not 
join  the  Indians,  and  this  would  be 
the  most  favoralile  opiioitunlty 
which  could  be  ex|)"Cted  to  suIkIuo 
or  utterly  extirpate  tluwu."  'I'ho 
(lenenil  Court  jmssed  such  a  resolu- 
tion ill  17'21,  renewed  in  172^,  and 
an  ex]H'(lition  siait.  Hutchinson,  ii., 
pp.  243,  246,  270. 


i 


'    ^ 


t 


ll« 


27'2 


IIISTORf  OF  NEW  FHAN(  E. 


171 3- 2  J.  Th«)  IiidiaiiH  Imvo  11  fncilit^'  for  bcliL-viiiK  wimt  jh  toKi 
tliciii,  whicli  tlu<  l)ittoit>Ht  I'xpuriiuioo  Iiiih  iiovt^r  been  nl)le 
U)  euro  :  tliu  AI)('iiii(|uiH  iit  oiico  iippuintcil  four  cUputiits 
wlio  procot'tlud  tc»  IJoHtoii,  wlioro  tlioy  woro  (iHtoiiishotl  to 
HC'u  tlii'iiiHolveH  iiricHttMl  iiH  priHoiiorH  UH  Moon  iirt  tliuy 
airivi'd.  Tliis  whh  no  Hoouor  hcnrd  in  tlmir  villft^^oH,  timn 
tliL>}  Kent  to  clinitind  im  cxpluuation  of  Huch  a  Htiaugo  pro- 
CL't'dinj,'. 

Thi^y  wuio  told  tlmt  tliojr  duputios  woro  dutiiiu«;d  not  ns 
piiHont'iH,  but  ns  lioHtii^'t^H,  to  bo  roIpiiHod  us  soon  uh  tlio 
nation  had  coniptMiHatod  the  I'jngliHh  for  Hoiut>  cattUi  killed 
\>y  till'  IndiaiiH  in  tlirir  Ht'ttK^nii-ntH,  tho  value  of  which 
aai(mntcd  to  two  hundred  jJOundH  of  boavor.'  Tho  Abu- 
uaijuiH  did  not  ndiuit  the  fact,  Htill  they  did  not  \\iHh  to  bo 
reproached  with  haviuj^  abandoutnl  thoir  brcthron  for  so 
Hniall  a  matter,  and  they  j)«id  tho  two  hundred  pouudn  of 
boavor. 

This  did  not,  however,  advance  matters.  Tho  prisoners 
woro  not  given  iip,  and  various  pretexts  raised  for  thoir  de- 
tention. At  last,  liowevti  tho  Goviunor-Cieneral  feared 
that  thiw  detention  would  lead  lo  disagreable  results,  and 
ho  jJropoHed  to  the  Abcuaquis  a  conference  to  termiuato 
LJ,  'r  dill'erences  amicably.  It  was  accepted  ;  the  day  and 
|.nuco  woro  fixed ;  the  Indians  came  with  FaUier  Rash* ; 
and  Father  do  la  Chas.He,  Superior-Cleueral  of  the  Mis- 
sions, wlio  was  making  his  visitation  in  those  parts,  where 
he  had  long  bei-u  a  missionary,  also  uttoudod,  but  tho  En- 
glish (tovernor  failed  to  apimar." 

Th«!  Indians  were  furious,  and  would  have  proceeded  to 
violence  had  they  not  been  rostraiued.  i  he  course  they 
adopted,  was  to  write  a  letter  to  the  Goveraor :  J'atluir 
ih'  la  Chasse  drew  it  uji.  Its  substance  was  :  1st.  Tliat  tho 
Abenaquis  coidd  not  understand  why  their  deputies  woro 
rotttiued  in  irons  after  the  i)roniise  to  release  tlu  ni  as  soon 


Li'ltcr 

of  tlll'HC 

IlKlillllg 

to  tliu 

Oovuriior 
Ucnornl 

of   N.w 

Euglund. 


'  Ponhallow  iiiakoH  tlio  ^Ivh)^  of  Imllow.  who  oiiiinnndiMl  in  the  fort 

tin-  four  lioHtiip-K  iuhI  ibi)  i>roini«f  iit  Arniwhick.  Ih  Nileiil  in*  (.)  any  in 

U)   jiiiy  2t)0    li.  avir  hkiiic    i;)     IT'JO,  vltutimi    from    tlir    Oovirnor,    but 

voluutnr}'.     Indiiiii   Wiirb.  p.  STi.  irt'ntH    it   nH   b   K|i(iiilom'iiuB   movo- 

*  This  wu  in  July,  1731.     Fun-  tuuut  of  the  InUimiH,  p.  Hii. 


IlISTdUY   <i|'  NKW    I'UAN'K. 


27:\ 


a-,  tlic  two  liundrod  |)ouiii1h  of  I)((ftv<>r  woio  jxiid.  2(1,  '7'3  »». 
Tliiit  tlioy  wiTu  iKil  loss  HurpriHcMl  to  m'o  tlicin  diHpoHiu^'  of  "-"~r-«-^ 
tbfir  country  and  Hnttliuf^  it  without  flioir  nonHont.  3d, 
Tlmt  111!  tlio  Englinh  must  witlidriiw  aH  Hoon  an  posHiblo, 
and  the  juisonciH  r^tiiincd  ooutniry  to  the  !iiw  of  nations, 
must  l)o  givou  up.  4tli,  Tlmt  if  iu  two  uiontlm  thcro  wiis 
no  iiuHwur  to  tliiH  lottor,  or  it  did  not  produco  tlio  cffoot 
antifipiitod,  tlio  nation  would  do  itself  justioo.' 

This  hitter  w«h  takon  to  Hoston  iu  July,  1721,'  by  somo 
Eu|^lishuiou  who  had  (^onio  to  ropruHont  the  (lovcrnor- 
Oononil  at  tho  conforenco  just  niontionod.  Aa  tho  two 
months  elapsed  without  liearing  anything  of  it,  tho  Abena- 
quis  prepared  to  carry  out  their  tlircatH  and  make  repri- 
sals. None  could  have  boon  more  just ;  however,  tho  Mar- 
quis do  Vaudrouil  thought  it  his  duty  to  oppose  acts  of  vio- 
lence and  it  rocpiiiod  all  liis  iullueuco  to  prevent  them  ;  but 
tliis  did  not  last  long.  Tlio  English  exhausted  tho  patience 
of  tho  Abt'nacpiis  by  two  acts  that  admit  of  no  oxcuso. 

Tho  first  was  the  kidnapj)ing  of  tho  Baron  do  St.  Cas-       Tho 
tin.     This  gontlomon's  father,  as  already  stated,  had  mar-  tufry'^lfiuio 
riod  an  Abeuaciui  woman,  so  that  on  his  mother's  side  the  au'ciwiln. 
young  Baron  belonged  to  that  nation.     Ho  had  always  re- 
sided with  his  maternal  relatives,  tho  only  ones  ho  knew  ; 


'  HiH)  li'tter,  July  iJH,  17:31,  u\gueA- 
by  AlmakiH  uf  NaruiitHSiik,  I'l'iitug. 
U«l,  N'urHkttnii(;0,  AnniinKMUanti,  .Mu- 
niiliiHm'k,  l'i'({Hiikki,  Mc:il  jklrck.  Kfi- 
iiiuiliiifr,  I'cHiiioiiuiiii.  Arsikuiiti'gH, 
MariMiiiuk,  unil  thuir  allicii ;  thu  Iro- 
({UoiB  o(  tho  Saull  uiul  tlu<  Moun- 
tain, AlKdiiquhiH,  lluroiiH,  Mikt- 
iiiuks.  .NorlliNliciro  MniitHgnez,  I'upi- 
uaclioih  iiiiit  utiicr  iu'ij;lilK)riiif;  iin- 
t''in«,  lach  tiigniug  tlicir  own  totoiu, 
MasB.  iINt.  Coll.  II.  viii.,|i. ar)i).  Hw 
'i'rciily  of  lUrfcht,  art.  15,  for  Eng- 
IihU  obligutionB. 

*  Vaudreuil  and  Dogon  to  Louis 
XIV.,  Oct.  H,  1721.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.. 
X.,  p.  »o;M.  KaI.-  in  Ki|>,  p.  13. 
IVnliullow,  p.  yd,  na.vu  new  troopH 
were  ouut,  and  "  suuie  geutlumen  ot 


the  (Viuncil  yrvrii  ap|Nilntc<l  to  In- 
quiro  into  the  gniiind  of  ihiw^  lu- 
muItH,  and  if  ik)bhI1)1i',  to  rt-nrw  the 
I>acilication,  who  accordingly  went, 
but  till-  IndiunH  Hiighii-d  fhr  iiidh- 
Hagf  with  di-rlHion."— During  thig 
threatening  linie,  Hale  rebuilt  his 
church  at  Norrid^'.'Wock,  by  meaoH 
of  French  workmen,  according  to 
hJH  letter,  though  Uutchinwin,  ii., 
1>.  2;(!»,  incidentally  alliideg  to  Hoston 
ineclianicH  "  engaging  o.i  building  a 
church  and  other  work  at  Norridgi?- 
wock."  ArrowHick,  the  place  of  ihlti 
conference,  1h  in  .Sagadahoc  Buy, 
alK)ut  a  league  below  the  junction 
of  the  Androticoggiu  and  the  Kuu- 
uebec. 


i       1 


I    < 


f,    t 

y       I 


274 


IIISTOHY  OK  NEW    FllANCB. 


'713-22.  and  siiict*  tliu  Iohh  of  Acftdiii,  lio  wftH  tl»o  KIii^'h  roninmnd- 
niit  ill  tluir  couutiy.  Ho  had,  mort^ovor,  hIuco  IiIh  fiitlior'H 
dccfiis(\  Hiifct'oded  to  tlio  gonoriil  coiiimaiid  i-ouftinod  on 
Ht.  Ciistiu  l>y  all  thoHu  tribuu  wlioii  ho  iiUiud  hiiiiHulf  to 
thtm  ;  and  in  tliiw  capacity  ho  had  attcudod  tho conference 
l)r<i|)(>Htjd  \ty  tho  Ctovoruor-Ocnoral  of  Now  Enj^land. 

TliiH  thu  Euf^linh  luado  a  crinio :  tluiy  scut  a  vcshoI 
towardH  tlic  placo  of  his  icHiilcneo,  which  was  on  the  Hoa- 
Hhorc  ;  and  the  captain,  having'  taken  the  precaution  to 
bIiow  only  two  or  three  men  on  Ids  deck,  an  hoou  au  he  cat>t 
uuchor,  Htnt  an  invitation  to  the  I5aron  to  take  Home  re- 
froHliments  on  hoard.  The  Barou,  having  no  reuHon  to 
Buspect  this  ollicer,  wliom  he  knew  intimately,  went  aboard 
alone,  and  as  soon  as  he  reached  the  vessel,  tho  captain 
hoisted  sail  and  took  him  to  Boston,  in  the  mouth  of  Do- 
comber,  1721.'  There  he  was  placed  in  tho  dock  and  ex- 
amined as  a  criminal.  Among  other  things,  ho  was  asked 
why,  and  iu  what  capacity  ho  had  gone  to  tho  place  aj)- 
pointed  for  tho  couferenco  between  tlio  Oovoruor-Oeneral 
and  tho  Abeuanuia ;  whether  ho  had  not  beou  deputed  by 
tho  Marquis  do  Yaudreuil,  aud  what  was  meuut  by  tho 
uniform  he  wore. 

Ho  replied  that  he  was  an  Abonaqui  on  his  mother's 
side,  that  ho  had  spent  his  wholo  life  with  those  Indians, 
who  had  made  him  chief  and  commandant-general  of  their 
nation ;  and  that  in  that  capacity  ho  did  not  consider  that 
ho  could  refrain  from  attending  a  mooting  whore  tho  inter- 
ests of  his  brethren  wore  to  be  discussed  ;  that  ho  liad  re- 
ceived no  orders  from  the  Governor-General  of  Now 
France,  and  that  tlio  dress  ho  wore  was  not  a  uniform,  but 
one  becoming  his  birth  and  rank,  having  tho  honor  to  bo 
an  officer  in  the  troi^ps  of  tho  Most  Christian  King,  his 
sovereign.' 

'  L»te  in  DticembiT,  1721,  or  uiir-  half-Indlau  blood,  lie  tnnrri«Hl  Clia/- 

ly  in  Jan 'y,  1732.      tile.  luttfd'AniourH.ilaunliicrDt'n  Frencl. 

■'    Tliis    WHB    fvidi'ntly    AiiwOm,  oIBcit,  iu  1707.    Biinj;or  ('Kiituniiial, 

Bnron  do  St.  CiiNtiii,  son   of  Karon  \>.  'i't.     Viiiidri'uil   Iiad    inadi;   liiin 

John  Vincent,  by  Matilda,  daiifflittT  connnandnnt  at  I'cntaifot't.  with  tho 

of  Madockawaudu.     In  Hpitu  of  Lis  rank  uf  liuuteuant  ea  piud,  January 


If  I 


llWrimV  (»F  NKVV  FRANCE. 


978 


Mtmnwhilo,  tlm  MiminiH  do  Vnudrouil,  loftrnln^,'  of  tlin   1713-13 
lU'tention   of  tliut   coiiiiimiulaiit,  wrote  to   tlio  (toviTiior-   ^— ^r"»^ 
OoiK^ral  of  Nt)W  Eni'lind,  to  I'oiuijliiin  of  it  and  dcindiid      „   , 
thtt  lihoratiou  of  tho  Huron;  lio  rocoivod  no  reply,  but  ut    r«i«'"««l. 
tlio  end  of  fivo  niontliH  tlic  jiriHonor  wfts  sot  at  liliorty.    Ho 
Hoou  lifter  wont  ovor  to  Frivncc,  to  tiiko  jmHsoHHion  of  hi« 
fiitlmr'H  projxjrty  at  IJoarn,  which  ho  did  not  Hubso(|Ui  ittly 
loave. 

Tlio  snoond  act  of  tlio  Enj^lish,  wliicli  coniiilotoly  rouHod  j,;,, . ['][",  („u 
tho  AbonaquiH  aLrainst  thcui,  i-oncianod  Fatlior  llasio,  and   , .'"  "." 
was  pushod  unuh  fiirthor.     Thov  wore  convinced  at  IJos-    '•'.'■'■v  »tl 
ton  tliat  this  nuHsionary  would  always  prove  an  invincible      it'wiu. 
obstacle  to  ihoir  disij^m  of  giiidually  ncizinj,'  all  tho  coun- 
try lying  between  Now  England  and  Acadia,  inasmucii  as 
ho,  i)y  carefully  maintaining  his  neophytes  in  their  attach- 
ment  to  tho   Catholic  faith,  drew  closer  anil  closer   the 
bonds   that   united   them   to   tho  French.     .'  fter   several 
attempts,  at  first  to  induce  those  Indians  by  tho  most  se- 
ductive oilers  and  promises,  to  deliver  him  up  to  tho  Eng- 
lish, or  at  least  send  him  back  to  Quebec,  and  ti;ko  one  of 
tluur  missionaries  in  his  stead ;  then  to  surprise  and  carry 
him  oir,  tiie  English  resolved  to  get  rid  of  him,  cost  them 
what  it  might.   Thoy  set  a  i)rico  on  his  head,  and  promised 
a  thousand  pounds  sterling  to  any  one  who  brought  it  to 
them. 

Ail  this  failing,  they  at  last  thought  that  thoy  had  found 
an  opportunity  to  seize  his  person,  towards  tho  end  of  Jan- 
uary, 1722.  They  loarnod  that  ho  had  remained  at  tho  vil- 
lage of  Narantsoak,  with  a  small  number  of  the  weak  and 


1,  1711.  Cnnada  1>»'.,  III.  ii..  pp. 
881-2.  He  witf  Hfizcd  miller  an  iir- 
<\cj  of  Court,  and  thr  Huiw  iinlcrt'cl 
him,  ngaiiiHl  nil  Inw,  to  Ih>  tried  in 
Suffolk  County,  Iwt'ort'  llic  Su|H'rioi 
Court.  Tlio  couiK'il  oliji'dcil,  mid 
St.  CiiMiin  wiiH  cxaniiMrd  lu'lbri"  ti 
(•oiiiinitl<(<  of  fonfciiMiic,  wliii'h  \h 
prolpiil.ily  ilic  txaiiiiimiioii  licn^  r«- 
frrrtHlto,  ScolliiloldiiHon.  Ii..  p.  340. 
On  the  ri'liort  of  the  <'oiiiiiiltti'«i,  ho 
WUBBil  111  large.    A  Sieur  do  tst.Cttu- 


tiii  nppt>ar8  in  thn  DoouuientH  down 
to  17.'fl,l)ut  there  in  nothing  tonliow 
wlietlier  it  wiis  the  .voiiiii;  Manm  o! 
a  lirotlier.  Two  iliiiitrl,|,.rs  of  the 
firHt  Huron  were  iiiarrieil,  Dec  .}, 
1707  ;  one  to  the  Sii'ur  -MfXiiiidre 
Ia!  Hor>;ne  de  H'ljisle,  the  oihir  to 
I'hilip  de  I'onlionicou.  For  otlier 
notes  HH  to  the  dewendiuits  of  tho 
Haron,  nee  Han)j;rir  Ctiiteniiiul,  p. 
85.    Williiiiuwoii,  U,  71,  141. 


*        ? 


I   i 


t        5= 


276 


HWTOKY  OF   NEW   KltANC  B. 


1713  aj.  agt'd,  whilo  thu  I'tmt  woru  huutitiK;  they  Muut  a  ilotdchinoDt 
of  two  liuiulrod  iiiuii.'  Fortiiiidtuly,  two  youug  mon,  who 
wcrn  Imiitiiig  011  thu  HiMiHhorc,  porcoivt'd  thorn  outoring 
th(<  Kuiiuubcc- ;  HUHpuctiug  thuir  doHigii,  thoy  ran  overland 
to  warm  Fathur  RbhIu  to  bo  ou  bin  K^iard,  iiud  tho  old 
I»eopK>  to  fly  to  tho  woods. 

Tho  iiiiHHioniiry,  nn  ho  boliuved  duty  roqnirod,  hogan  by 
couHUiiiiii^  tlio  couHrcriitod  IiohIh,  which  wore  iu  Iuh  ohapol, 
and  putting'  tho  naurod  voshoIh  uud  altar  voHtmoutH  in  a  no- 
onro  plauo,  aftor  which  ho  followed  his  ludiauH,  whom  bo 
had  tteut  ou  into  tho  woodu.  That  very  ovoniug  tho  Eng- 
Uuh  reiichod  the  village,  and  not  tiudiug  thu  one  thtiy 
Honght,  followed  him  uoxt  day  in  hit*  retreat.  Thoy  woro 
within  gun-shot  when  porcoived,  and  tho  missionary  was 
aetuiiUy  vested  to  say  mass,  if  uomo  accounts  aro  to  bo 
believed. 

Ilis  only  alternative  was  to  strike  deeper  into  tho 
woods ;  but  as  ho  had  not  had  time  to  take  his  suow- 
shoits,  and  did  not  walk  easily,  having  had  a  log  and 
thigh  l)roken  somo  years  before,  ho  could  do  nothing 
but  hide  behind  a  tree.  Tho  English  followed  sovoral 
paths  trodden  by  tho  Indians,  and  wero  not  oight  paces 
from  tho  tree  which  covered  their  prey,  when,  as  tiiough 
repulsed  by  an  unseen  hand,  they  halted  and  turned 
back  to  tho  village,  whore  thoy  plundered  tho  church  and 
tho  missionary's  house.  They  thus  left  him  without  pro- 
visions, and  ho  suflered  much  from  .want  of  all  things, 
till  tho  Jesuits  at  Quebec,  informed  of  the  extremity  to 


'  Vaudrcull  und  Ucgon  to  Minis- 
u<r.  17  <.)ct.,  1722.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc., 
Ix..  ji.  010.  UhIc,  U-ttur  in  Lettreg 
Blif,  (Kip,  i>.  15.)  ThiH  exptMlition, 
known  an  ('ttpt.  Ilnrinon'H,  ffnoliiHl 
Niirri(igi"*(H-k  .Ihii.  13,  1722,  cjirritMl 
off  lim  Abiiitki  Dirlionary,  now  in 
llnrviird  Collt'p'.  nnil  (mliliHhtMl  in 
l(<y;)  iu  tlio  MfnuiirHof  tlic  American 
Acudi'iuy,  uH  wi^ll  iiH  liiri  ritronf(  Ixix, 
now  in  till-  Mui«<uoliuK"tt8  IliHtorical 
8«)cii-ty.    PcnlmllDtv,  p  f<7,  meniiong 


an  cxiH-dltion  of  Harmon  ulxmt  tbls 
tlmi'.  to  the  Kenncl)ec,  Imt  makes 
no  alliuion  tx)  liaje'ii  village;  he 
nicntionti  another  exptHlition  which 
set  out  Feb,  10,  1723,  p.  04.  Pen- 
hallow  himself,  an  actor  In  the  war, 
arknowliHlgeg  that  many,  wliilo 
blaming'  the  Indian  rrueltieH,  ad- 
mitted the  injiistire  done  tliein  by 
neglecting  to  fulfill  what  liad  In^en 
Jirouiiscd  ul  tlie  variuUB  tnutiii),  p. 
88.     See  Uutchiuuon,  ii.,  p.  244. 


IIIMTOUY  OF  NKW    KUANCK. 


m 


which  h«)  hiul  boou  roilucoil,  had  iiu  uppoituiiity  to  Hupply   i7i3-"« 
all  hiH  wauU.'  '"^' 

Tlu'so    rt'|u'iiUil  iiiHultH  timnht  tin;    liiiliauH  tliat  tlicro       Tiir 

WaH  nu  hopo    of   HOttll-IUUIlt  to    liU  UlpOCtuil   flnlll    til<!    Hllg-      (|"iliir« 

liiih,  oiul  that  it  waH  tiiiio  to  Hot-k  pitauo  by  vij^orouH  ways.  *'*'^' 
Ah  hoou  aH  thoy  rutiiriiod  from  thoir  hunt,  and  had  Howud 
thoir  landH,  tht»y  itjmdvod  to  dcHtioy  all  tlii<  I'^n^^lish  dwol- 
liugM  oil  thu  Kunuubcc,  and  to  diivo  from  thoir  villa^'us  u 
rcHtluHH  people,  who  opuiily  monacod  thuir  liliorty.  They 
Btiut  duputii'H  to  all  thuir  bruthrou  and  allicH,  to  indtiuu 
tlmm  to  kud  a  hand  in  thi>  jiwt  dofoui'o  if  it  booamo  nocoH- 
sary,  and  thoHo  appoah  mot  all  tho  Hncctss  anticipated. 
War  WAH  chanttul  among  thu  UurouH  of  Lorettt*,  and  in 
uU  the  Abcuatpii  towns,  and  NarautHoak  was  madu  thu 
rondozvons  of  tht)  warriorn.* 

A  detachment  sent  out,  had  already  descended  the  river  t'>iuliid  it 
to  the  s«H,  and  rtmliug  there  three  or  four  small  vessels  of  luUy. 
tho  enemy,  captured  them  ;  then  ascended  the  river,  plun- 
dering and  liuining  all  the  Engli»<h  settlements,  but  doing 
uo  violence  to  the  stii tiers,  who  were  even  left  at  liberty  to 
retire  whither  they  chose,  except  five,  who  were  kept  as 
iiostagoB,  to  ijuswer  for  the  Abenaqui  deputies,  still  re- 
tained prisoners  at  Uoston.     Home  time  after,  an  English 


'  Vmulrrnil  and  Hrgon,  Oct.  17, 
1733.   N.  Y.  Col.  I).K' ,  ix  ,  p.  1)10. 

•  (lov.  Hliuti'  |>r<H-luiinc(l  wiir  July 
'Si.  \12i.  l'entmll..w,  ip.  Hll-iKI. 
For  H  Kri'nch  an-nunt  of  tlu'wn  In 
(IIhii  ti|)«TatioiiH.  Kcf  VniKlrt'iiil  and 
B.!gon.  N.  Y.  Col.  I  oo..  ix..  p.  }i:);t- 
5  ;  I'enliallow  givrH  lln'  .N'lW  Kiij;- 
land  vcrHioii.  |)|).  !M)iV<-,  .\iiinnir  the 
firnt  cxiM'dilionrt  wii»  oni-  in  1 72;t, 
undiT  I'ol.  I'liouinH  \V<'ntl)rfx»ki', 
wliicli  iiwiMid.'cl  till'  I'rnnbscot,  iind 
MVli  !),  173;!,  (li'MToy.d  IIm'  tort,  '.',) 
dwi'llin^H.  c'liiinli  uiid  iricKtV  lioUHc, 
apiiurcnilv  on  NicoliiMli-liinil,  iii  I'as- 
Hudiniiki  a);  l.tin^or  Ccntciiniid,  p. 
27.  Vniidnuil  i,nd  B(  (lon'i*  Dio- 
jittlchoH.  N.  Y.  Col.  D'K'.,  ix.,  p.  !j;i;l. 
Wuatbrwjko'u    IjolttT,    iMarch    23, 


173a.  Maw  HlBt.  <'o)l..  III.  ii  ,  p.  3(14, 
It  Ih  uHniil  to  niuki*  I'annauaniHkA 
thu  annio  an  Did  'I'owii  ;  but  on  the 
Map  of  tho  EHNtt-rn  Part  of  New 
Franco,  vol.  Iv.,  I'maounki"  ia  con- 
BidiTably  above  tlic  outlet  of  the 
lake  that  enters  the  river  opiKwltfl 
Olil  Town.  Mr.  (hnlfrey  geoint!  tnoro 
correct  in  plneinn  it  at  Nicolas 
Ulund,  where  trnee«  still  fxiat.  Pan- 
nawitniBke,  evidently  the  ori^rin  i^f 
I'enolisi'ot.  ni.an.M,  "  At  lie-  tall  of 
the  rock."  'I'rHii'.idl,  Indian  Oeo- 
praphical  Nanien.p.  lit.  ('apt  Heath, 
in  1  ("','."),  duhtroyed  another  town  of 
■'')(l  liuuseri,  whilr  the  Indians  were 
actually  neg(jtiatingaiK'.jce.  Hutch- 
iuHon,  ii  ,  p.  '.2.^(i. 
'  HutchluBon,  ii.,  p.  360, 


i     it 


I   f- 


278 


mSTOHT  OP  NEW  FRANCE. 


F!ilhc;r 

Klldio 

refiiaos  to 
retire  to 
(Juuboc 


17' 3-22.  party  having  snrprisod  sixteen  ludiaus  on  an  island,  v/bere 
they  had  fallen  asleep,  tired  on  them,  killing  live  and 
wounding  as  many. 

War  being  thus  rekindled  between  the  two  nations,  tho 
inhabitants  of  Narantsoak  urged  Father  Easle  to  retire 
for  a  time  to  Quebec,  tolling  him,  that  if  he  fell  into  the 
hands  of  the  Englirth,  the  least  that  would  befall  him  would 
be  to  drag  out  tho  rest  of  his  days  iu  a  harsh  captivity. 
He  replied  that  he  did  not  fear  the  threats  of  those  who 
hated  him  solely  for  his  zeal  for  tho  salvation  of  his  Hock, 
and  he  added  these  words  of  the  Apostle,  (Acts,  xx.,  21 :) 
"  Neither  do  I  count  my  hfe  more  precious  than  myself,  so 
that  I  may  consummate  my  course,  and  lue  ministry  of  the 
Word  which  I  received  from  the  Lord  Jesus.'" 
Ho  Is  kill  d  It  resulted  as  the  Indians  had  foreseen;  t}ie  Enghsh 
Enfti'sii.  seemed  to  make  war  only  to  get  rid  of  one  man,  to  whom 
alone  they  ascribed  tho  opposition  manifested  by  the  Abe- 
uaquis  to  a  submission  to  tliem.  At  last,  despairing  of 
taking  him  by  surprise,  they  resolvod  to  oa\ploy  force. 
On  the  23d  oi  August,  1724,  eleven  hundred  men,'  part 
English  and  part  Indians,  marched  to  Narantsoak.  Tho 
douse  undergrowth  by  which  tho  village  was  surrounded, 
and  the  want  of  precaution  on  tho  part  of  tho  inhabitants 
against  an  unforeseen  attcck,  prevented  their  being  seen 
till  the  moment  when  they  poured  iu  a  general  volley  of 
musketry,  riddling  all  the  cabiufi. 

There  wure  then  only  fifty  warriors  in  the  town.  These 
flew  to  arms,  and  ran  in  confusion,  not  to  defend  the  placo 
against  an  enemy  already  within  it,  but  to  cover  tho  dight 
of  tho  women,  aged  and  children,  and  to  give  thom  time  to 
gain  the  river  side,  not  yet  occupied  by  the  English. 
Warned  of  tho  danger  in  which  his  neophytes  were  by  tho 
cries  ana  tumult,  Father  Rasle  went  fearl'-^ssly  to  meet  the 
assailants,  in  the  hope  of  drawing  all  their  attention  on 


'  'I'luTBim' HUKpicioustrunslntionB  '  Tlit>  Liittres  Edifiniitiw  any,  a 
of  two  It'lti  IS  foumliit  Niirriilgi'wiilk  small  lorci)  of  1100  iiu'ii,  which 
iind  ascrilifd  to  IJiili'  in  Mium.  Hint.     U-ails  uh  to  infer  it  to  he  u  misprint 


I'oii .  II.  viii..  jip.  air>,  -iW. 


for  100. 


HIOTORY   OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


279 


himself  alono,  ami  thus  saving  bis  flock  id  the  peril  of  his  1713-ia. 
life.  His  hope  was  not  vaiu.  Scarcely  hail  he  appeared,  "■'""^''"^ 
when  tha  English  uttered  a  loud  crj',  which  was  followed 
by  a  shower  of  musket-balls,  under  which  he  fell  dead, 
near  a  cross  that  he  had  i)lantcd  iu  the  midst  of  the  vil- 
lage. Seven  Indians  who  accompanied,  and  wished  to 
shiald  him  with  their  bodies,  were  slain  beside  him. 

Thus  died  this  charitable  pastor,  giving  his  life  for  his 
flock,  aftor  a  painful  apostloship  of  thirty-seven  years. 
His  death  spread  consternation  amoi^g  the  Indians,  who 
at  once  took  flight  and  crossed  the  river  by  swimming  or 
fording,  but  constantly  pursued  by  the  enemy,  till  they 
reached  the  depths  of  the  woods,  whore  they  rallied  to  tho 
number  of  one  hundred  and  fifty.  Although  more  than 
two  thousand  shots  were  fired  at  them,  only  thirty  were 
killed  and  fourteen  wounded. 

The  Eugiisii,  seeing  no  further  resistance,  proceeded  to 
plunder  and  burn  the  cabins.  They  did  not  spare  the 
church,  l)ut  did  not  sot  fire  to  it,  till  aftor  they  had  un- 
worthily profaned  the  sacred  vessels  and  the  adorable 
Body  of  Christ.  They  then  retired  with  a  precipitation 
resembling  flight,  and  as  though  thoy  had  been  smitten 
with  a  panic  terror.  The  Indians  immediately  returned  to 
their  village ;  and  their  first  care,  while  the  women  wore 
socking  herbs  and  plants  proper  to  cure  the  wounded,  was 
to  weep  over  the  body  of  their  holy  missionary. 

They  found  him  pierced  wul!  a  thousand  blows,  his  scalp 
torn  oflV  his  skull  crushed  by  hatchets,  his  mouth  and  eyes 
full  of  mud,  his  leg-bones  broken,  and  all  his  members  mu- 
tilated in  a  hundred  different  ways.  Thus  was  a  priest 
treated  iu  his  mission,  at  the  foot  of  a  cross,  by  those  very 
men,  who  on  all  occasions  exaggerate  so  greatly  the  pro- 
tended inhumanities  of  otir  Indians,  who  have  never  been 
Sean  to  use  such  violence  to  the  dead  bodies  of  their  ene- 


'  TUh  coloninl  rewards  for  9(?nli)s,  Pi-nliallow,  p.  48.     I/ovcwell's  i)arty 

mado  it  too  ricli  u  tropliy  to  Icuvo.  jjot  a  liundred  jioiinds  a  •ciilp.    lb. 

A  voluntetr  without   pay   ^ot   titty  y..  10(1.     Kvuu  tlio  H.  v.  Mr,  Fryu  of 

pouiulB.  for  ft   Bcalp;   if  in   s(  rvic,  tbis  jiurty  Ih  rr.ordod  to  havo  scalped 

twenty;    while    regulars   got    )ou.  several  ludians. 


if 


I   \ 


280 


HISTORY  OF  \RW  FHANCE. 


171^ -2J.  mies.  After  his  neoplntcs  had  raised  up  and  repeatedly 
'-*  »  ^  '  kissed  the  precious  reniJus  of  a  Father  tenderly  and  so 
justly  beloved,  they  buried  him  on  the  viry  spot  where,  the 
day  before,  he  had  celebrated  the  holy  mystories ;  that  is 
to  say,  on  the  spot  where  the  altar  stood  beforo  the  church 
was  burned.' 
His  eulogy.  Father  Rasle  was  of  a  good  family  in  Francho  Comte, 
and  died  in  his  sixty-seveuth  year :  he  was  of  a  robust  con- 
eatution,  but  fasting  and  continual  hardships  had  greatly 
enfeebled  hira,  especially  after  the  accident  which  befell  him 
nineteen  years  before.  In  that  long  and  tedious  illness,  I 
often  admired  his  patience,  and  we  could  not  see  how  he 
could  endure  such  a  cruel  operation  without  uttering;  a  sin- 
gle cry.  He  knew  almost  all  the  languages  spoken  in  tins 
vast  continent,  and  ho  had  labored  for  the  salvation  of 
almost  all  the  nations  that  inhabit  it.*    Three  years  before 


'  The  main  French  account  is 
Father  de  la  Chasse's  Letter,  Qu.'- 
bec,  Oct.  2y,  1734  ;  published  iu  tlie 
various  editions  of  the  Lottrea  Edifi- 
antes.  (In  English,  iu  Kip,  pp.  U9- 
78.)  and  Vaudreuil's  letter,  Nov.  28, 
1724.  N.  Y.  Col.  1V)C.,  ix.,  pp.  WW-O 
and  045-6.  Hutchinson,  Hist.  .Moss, 
ii .,  pp.  281-4,  gives  in  substance,  Ilar- 
man'e  Journal,  and  an  oral  account 
from  Capt.  Moulton,  the  commander. 
Ilarmau  made  a  sworn  statement, 
charging  llale  with  stabbing  nn  En- 
glish l)oy,a  prisoner,  and  firing  Irom 
hie  cabin,  as  well  as  refusing  quar- 
ter, though  he  does  not  assert  that 
he  saw  this.  Moulton  doubted  th,, 
last  statemtait,  and  we  may  %vell 
doul>t  the  rest  beyond  the  fuel  that 
he  was  killed  in  a  cabin  from  which 
a  vi^^orous  defence  was  uiiido.  Un- 
fortunately I'onhallow,  pp.  lOU-4, 
givi'S  liis  gciierul  deductions  from 
what  he  bod  been  taught  lo  be 
Catholic  doctriiu's  inwti'ud  of  any 
actual  facta. 

The  Indian  lona  was  nuven  men, 
Bevou  women  and  fourteen  children 
killed,  and  many  wounded. 


'  It  is  not  eaay  to  form  an  opinion 
in  Hale's  case.  The  position  of  the 
Indian  tribes  as  (juasi  nations,  and 
their  .'tght  to  make  just  war  iu  de- 
fence o''  their  lands,  seems  admitted. 
As  ancient  friends  of  th(f  French, 
they  came  under  the  treaty  of  Ut- 
recht, and  Ilale  had  a  perfect  r'^uc 
to  labor  among  them,  llic  Cana- 
dian authorities  claimed,  and  Hale 
apparently  advised  the  Indians  that 
war  was  just;  while  New  England 
writers  admit  that  jiromises  made 
the  Indians  had  not  be<'n  fulfilled. 
But  if  the  Indian  course  was  just,  it 
was  unwise,  as  they  could  not  hojw 
to  resist  the  whole  force  of  New  En- 
gland :  HO  that  the  French  authori- 
ties were  cruel  alike  to  Kale  and  to 
his  fl'K'k,  whose  removal  to  the  St. 
Lawn  uce  would  have  saved  them 
from  destruction  and  strengthened 
Canada.  Vaudreuil  and  Betron's 
Letter,  (Iluteliinson,  ii.,  ]ip,  i.o7-H.) 
They  comiilained  of  bis  deiitli  as  a 
murdir  (jf  u  French  subject  on 
French  will.  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix., 
pp.  U41,  080 ;  yet  they  could  not  but 
have  fbreseen  it. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


281 


his  death,  on  his  Sujieriov  sn<.!:n;(  stiiic;  Umt  it  was  timo  for  1713-22. 

him  to  tf.B.0  steps  to  withih-aw  from  tho  furv  of  the  Eu}:;     '       ' 

lish,  who  had  sworn  to  dcstroj-  him,  ho  replied  tliat  his 
measures  were  taken.  "God  has  confided  this  tiock  to 
me,  I  will  follow  its  lot,  too  happj  to  lay  down  nij'  life  for 
it."  He  often  repeated  tho  same  tliinf<  to  his  neophytes. 
After  his  death,  the.se  fervent  Christiims  said  :  "  We  have 
seen  but  too  well  that  this  dear  Father  spoko  to  us  in  the 
fullness  of  his  heart;  wo  have  soon  him  face  deatli  with  a 
tranquil  air,  and  alone  meet  the  rage  of  the  enemy,  to  give 
us  time  to  put  our  lives  in  safety."  Nor  was  he  less  re- 
gretted in  the  Colony  tlian  amonj,'  his  Indians ;  but  nun 
thought  rather  of  exalting  his  happiness,  than  of  offering 
prayers  for  tlie  repose  of  his  soul.  When  Father  do  la 
Chasse  requested  of  the  Abbe  do  Belmont,  Superior  of  the 
Seminary  of  Montreal,  tho  suffrages  of  the  church  for 
Father  Rasle,  according  to  tho  communion  of  pi-ayors  ex- 
isting between  tho  Sulpitians  and  the  Jesuits,  that  venera- 
ble and  aged  priest  replied  only  in  the  words  of  St.  Au- 
gustine :     "  He  wrongs  a  martyr  who  prays  for  him." ' 

The  war  between  the  Indians  and  the  English  still  con- 
tinued for  a  time,  always  to  tho  disadvantage  of  tho  latter, 
whose  hostilities  only  served  to  render  invincible  the  avei*- 
siou  always  entertained  for  them  by  the  Indians.  The 
English  at  last  were  forced  to  adopt  the  course  of  leaving 
the  Indians  at  peace.     Fran  !e  had  not  entered  this  con- 


Rale's  LifH  has  been  written  at 
some  length  by  Rev.  <  'onve-s  Fran- 
cis. (Sparks'  Ainer'can  Hiograpby, 
voUiiuo  17,)  and  in  Die  Katho- 
liscliea  Kirclu!  in  deni  Vereinigten 
Stp.ten.  ReKeusl  "ire:.  I><li4.  Tlie  au 
thorities  are  cuiefly  the  Letters  in 
the  Lett  res  Fdifiantes.  and  in  the 
MiiKK.  IIiHi.  (  oil..  Kories  II.  vol.  viii. 

'  Father  La  Chnsse's  Letter  in 
the  I>ettres  Eiliaant<'s,  (Kip,  70) 
The-  f^K)t  where  hin  villnKe  and 
cha|M?l  stood,  is  now  called  Indian 
Old  Point,  and  a  monument  to  tli« 
niisisi(jniir.v     was    erected    hero    by 


Bishop  Benedict  Fen  wick,  in  18:!3. 
It  was  Hul)9equentiy  thrown  down. 

Father  Sebastian  Rale,  horn  in 
Franche  Conite,  .January  A.  1(1,'57; 
enterwi  the  S<x?iety  of  .lesus  in  the 
Province  of  Lyons,  Sept.  2.5,  1(>74; 
tau^'ht  in  tho  C'olh-ge  at  Xisnies; 
reached  America,  Oct.  i;!,  IfiSil  ; 
was  iirst  sent  to  the  Abnaki  mis- 
sion at  St.  Francis;  wae  in  Illinois 
in  ion;;-!,  and  on  tlie  Kinn^hic 
from  KiO.')  till  hit<  death,  .\Ufjr.  2:), 
17-,M. 

His  Bucceusor  was  Father  James 
de  Syresme,  born  Oct.  33  1G98 ;  be- 


i 


282 


niSToHY    OF  NKW  FRANCE. 


rest. 


Description 

of  til 


Breton. 


'  3  -24.  test,  so  as  not  to  give  the  loast  pretext  for  disturbing  the 
'  ^    good  understanding  wliicli  it  had  cost  so  much  to  restore 
Tho       between  tlio  two  Crowns.     The  settling  of  the  boundaries 
j<)r"f!(rto    even  ceased  to  be  negotiated  in  the  two  courts,  although 
ImiiiliiViit  commissioners  had  been  appointed  on  both  sides  in  1719. 
There  is  every  reason  to  believe  that   the  English  who 
massacred  Father  Raslo,  were  disavowed,  as  the  matter 
wus  not  at  all  followed  up  ou  our  side;  moreover,  it  is  not 
fur  men  to  avenge  tho  blood  of  martyrs.' 
By  the  cession  of  Acadia  and  Placeutia  to  the  English, 
Isiiiiui  of   France  had  no  place  left  to  catch  cod,  or  rather  dry  it,  ex- 
cept the  island  of  Capo  Breton,  now  known  only  under  tho 
name  of  Isle  Royale.     This  island  lies  between  the  forty- 
fifth  and  forty-seventh  degree  of  north  latitude,  and  with 
Newfoundland,  from  which  it  is  only  fifteen  or  sixteen 
leagues   distant,  forms   the   entrance   to   the   Gulf  of  St. 
Lawrence.     Tho  strait  which  separates  it  from  Acadia, 
is    only   about   five  common    French    leagues    long,   by 
one  broad,  and  is  called  tho  Passage  de  Fronsac'    Its 
length  from  northeast  to  southwest-east'  is  not  quite  fifty 
leagues,  and  its  greatest  breadth  from  east  to  west  is  not 
over  thirty-three.     It  is   very  irregular  in  form,  and   so 
intersected  by  lakes  and  rivers,  that  the  two  chief  divisions 
are  connected  with  each  other  only  by  an  isthmus  about 
eight  hundred  paces  wide,  which  separates  the  head  of 
Port  Toulouse  from  several  lakes  called  Labrador.    These 
lakes  empty  into  the  sea  on  the  east,  by  two  channels  of 
unequal   width,  formed   by  the  island   of  Verderonno   or 
la  Boularderie,  M'liich  is  seven  or  eight  leagues  long.* 
The  chmate  of  this  island  is  about  the  same  as  that  of 


cumc  a  Jesuit  in  17t2;  came  to 
America  in  1710,  and  began  hip 
lalxu'B  at  Norriilgfwock  in  1730. 
Ho  (lii'il  in  Canaiiii,  Au^;.  38,  1747. 

'  For  tlio  condition  of  the  Abna- 
kis  in  1734,  sec  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc,  ix., 
p.  939-'.l40. 

'  Uut  of  Canso. 

'  Soutliwest. 


'  Piclion,  liOttrPB  et  Mcmoirrs 
pour  Bervir  a  I'llistoiro  du  Cap  I?r«!- 
ton,  pp.  1-53.  Jeffi'rys,  FrtsncU  Do- 
minions, p.  119.  Piclion  was  u 
French  officer  wlio  bc>trayed  tho 
operations  of  liis  own  forces  to  tlio 
enomy.  Hence  liis  remarks  ar<'  to 
be  received  with  caution.  See  Akins, 
Nova  Scotia  Dociun  uts,  p.  229,  nolo. 


HISTOHY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


288 


Quebec,  and  altlion^li  fogs  uro  luoro  frequent,  there  is  no    i7i3-»4- 

complaint  of  the  insalubrity  of  the  air.     The  soil  is  not '"^ 

always  good,  yot  it  proiluces  trees  of  all  kinds.     You  see 

lere,  oaks  of  i)ro(Ugious  si/o,  pines  ht  for  masts,  and  all  an'i 
sorts  of  building  wood.  Besides  the  oak,  tht;  most  com-  '^^UoTBUiTa!' 
mou  trees  are  the  cedar,  ash,  maple,  piano  and  aspen. 
Fruits,  especially  ai)Mles,  vegetables,  wheat  and  all  other 
grains  necessary  for  subsistence ;  hemp  and  :lax  arc  less 
abundant,  but  of  as  good  a  quality  as  in  Canada.  The 
mountains,  it  has  been  noticed,  can  be  cultivated  to  their 
very  summits;  the  good  lands  slojie  southward,  and  are 
sheltered  from  northers  and  northwesters  by  tlie  moun- 
tains which  skirt  the  coast  towards  the  river  St.  Lawrence.' 

All  the  domestic  animals,  horses,  cattle,  swine,  sheep,  hs^mx 
goats  and  poultry,  find  abundant  food.  Hunting  and  fish- 
ing can  maintain  the  inhabitants  a  good  part  of  the  year. 
This  island  has  several  abundant  mines  of  excellent  coal, 
and  these  mines  arc  in  mountains,  so  that  to  extract  the 
coal,  rcqvires  neither  digging  nor  diversion  of  waters,  as 
in  Auvergue :  gypsum  is  also  found.  It  is  asserted,  that 
there  is  no  place  in  the  world,  where  more  codfish  aro 
taken,  or  where  there  are  greater  conveuier.  ces  for  drying 
it.  This  island  formerly  abounded  in  deer ;  these  are  now 
very  rare,  and  the  elk  especially  so.  Partridges  are 
almost  as  large  as  a  pheasant,  and  quito  resemble  it  in 
plumage;  while  the  seal  fishery,  and  that  for  porpoises 
and  walruses,  can  be  conveniently  carried  on,  and  are  very 
productive. 

All  its  ports  open  to  the  east,  turning  southward,  for  a 
distance  of  fifty-five  leagues,  commencing  at  Port  Dau-  PortH. 
phin,  down  to  Port  Toulouse,  which  is  almost  at  the 
mouth  of  Fronsac  Passage."  Everywhere  else,  it  is  diffi- 
cult to  find  anchorage  for  small  craft,  in  the  bays  or  be- 
tween the  islands.  All  the  whole  north  coast  is  high  and 
almost  inaccessible  ;  iior  is  the  western  side  of  more  easy 
approach   down   to  Fronsac  Passage,  on  passing  which, 


'  Picbon,  Lettres  ftcjip.  6, 11-14.        "  lb.  pp.  49,  81,  50,  JJl. 


ri 

n 

i 


i\ 


|J 


284 


HISTOKY  OP  NEW  FRANCE 


1713-14.  you  coino  first  to  Port  Toulouse,  formerly  culled  St 
Piarro.  It  is  properly  between  a  kind  of  gulf,  culled  Petit 
St.  Pierre,  and  the  St.  Pierre  islands,  opposite  the  Ma- 
dame, or  Mauropas  islands.  Thence  running  soutlioast, 
you  come  to  Oabori  Hay,  the  mouth  of  which,  about 
twenty  leagues  from  St.  Pierre  inlands,  is  a  league  wide 
between  inles  and  rocks.  All  the  islands  can  be  approached 
very  near,  some  of  them  advancing  into  the  sea  a  league 
and  a  half.  This  bay  is  two  leagues  deep,  and  has  very 
good  anchorage.' 

The  harbor  of  Louysbourg,  formerly  called  Havre  d 
I'Anglois,  is  only  about  a  league  distant ;  it  is  one  of  the 
finest  in  America.  It  is  about  four  leagues  in  circuit,  with 
six  or  seven  fathoms  of  water  everywhere.  The  anchorage 
is  good,  and  vessels  may  be  beached  on  its  sands  without 
risk.  Its  entrance  is  only  two  hundred  fathoms  wide,  be- 
tween two  little  islands,  and  it  is  distinguished  twelve 
leagues  off  at  sea  by  Cap  de  Loremboc,  which  lies  not  far 
off  on  the  northeast.  Two  leagues  higher  is  Port  de  la 
Baleine,  difficult  of  access  in  consequence  of  numerous 
rocks  which  the  sea  covers  when  rough.  Vessels  only  of 
three  hundred  tons  can  enter,  but  once  in  they  are  per- 
fectly safe.  It  is  not  two  leagues  thence  to  Panadou  or 
Menadou  Bay,  which  has  an  entrance  about  a  league 
wide,  and  is  two  leagues  deep.  Nearly  opposite  lies  Sca- 
tari  Island,  formerly  Little  Cape  Breton,  which  is  over 
two  leagues  long  :  Mire  Bay  is  separated  from  it  only  by 
a  very  narrow  tongue  of  laud.  Its  has  an  entrance  nearly 
two  leagues  wide,  and  it  is  eight  in  depth ;  it  narrows  in  as 
you  enter,  and  several  rivers  or  streams  empty  into  it. 
Large  vessels  can  advance  six  leagues  and  find  good  an- 
chorage, sheltered  from  the  winds.  Besides  Scatari  Island, 
there  are  several  others  smaller,  and  rooks  never  covered 
by  the  water,  and  visible  at  a  distance  ;  the  largest  of  these 
rocks  is  called  Forillou.  Morionne ''  Bay  is  above,  separa- 
ted from  Mire  Bay  by  Cap  Brule,"  and  a  little  higher  up 


'  ("ompari!  I'ichoii,  pp.  ;j(>,  ;(!,  TjO  ;   aud  for  Im1'-h  Madame,  p.  ;t7. 
'  Cow  Buy.  ■'  Kal.-ii'  I'rucli  Ijuy. 


led  St 
cl  Petit 

10  Ma- 

UlOftHt, 

ubout 
0  wide 
aacbed 
league 
.8  very 


avre  d 
of  the 
;t,  with 
liorage 
ichout 
le,  be- 
twelve 
not  far 
de  la 
aeroua 
nly  of 
e  per- 
lou  or 
league 
8  Sca- 
i  over 
ily  by 
nearly 
3  in  as 
ito  it. 
)d  an- 
'sland, 
jvered 
:  these 
3para- 
ler  up 

37. 


IIISTOUY  OK  NEW  FUANCK. 


28ri 


is  IhIo  Phvto,  or  I^lo  il  l»i«.nt)  n  FuhII,  juhI   at  forty-nix  1713-24 
(logifoH,  oiglit  laiiniti'.s,  uortli.     In  iim  )ii<,'  nil  tlioHo  i«los 
mill  rockH  tlirm  is  good  slieitoi',  iiiul   they   may   bo    iip- 
proacliod  without  Una: 

Tlioiico  iiHcoiuliiig  throo  loft},'uos  uortliwosti'ily, you  como 
to  riuiUiiiio,'  wiiich  is  11  good  hiiil)oi  ;  but  for  huiiiU  vossels, 
ouly:  from  I'lndiauo  to  tlio  Day  dcs  Espiiguols,'  is  two 
loaguoH  :  this  bay  is  a  vory  fiuo  ljarl)or.  Its  outraiieo  in 
only  a  thousand  [jaccs  iu  width,  but  it  oidargos  gradually, 
and  a  loaguo  further  ou  it  scparatoa  into  two  branchos, 
which  can  bo  aseoudod  throo  loaguos.  Both  aio  very  good 
ports,  whioh  can  bo  nuicu  improved  at  little  cost.  From 
this  bay  to  tho  smaller  ontranco  of  Labrad(jr,'  is  two 
leagues,  and  tho  island  which  8o))arates  it  from  tho  great- 
est entrance,  is  tho  same  It'ngth.  Labrador  is  a  gulf, 
which  is  more  than  twenty  leagues  long,  and  three  or  four 
in  its  groatost  widMi.  From  tho  larger  ontranco  of  Labra- 
dor to  Port  Dauphin  or  St.  Anne's,  is  reckoned  a  league 
and  a  half.  Siiips  anchor  off  shore  in  all  security,  among 
tho  Cibou  islands.  A  tongue  of  land  almost  completely 
closes  tho  i)ort,  leaving  only  passage  for  a  single  ship.  Tho 
port  is  two  leagues  iu  circuit,  and  the  vessels  scarcely  feel 
tho  winds  on  account  of  tho  highlands  and  mountains  sur- 
rounding them.  Moreover,  they  can  ai)proach  the  shore 
when  they  will.  All  these  harbors  and  ports  being  so  near 
each  other,  might  be  easily  connected  by  roads  overland, 
and  nothing  would  bo  more  advantageous  for  the  inhabi- 
tants than  these  communications,  which  in  winter-time, 
would  save  them  tho  trouble  of  sailing  around.* 

As  long  as  Frnnco  possessed  Acadia  and  tho  south 
shore  of  Newfoundland,  little  account  was  mado  of  this 
island.  Tho  Jlessicurs  Raudot  were  the  first  to  see  that 
it  was  not  to  be  ueglecteil.  They  even  undertook  to  make 
it  one  of  tlie  ])rincipal  objects  of  attention  of  the  Ministry 
in  regard  to  New  Franco,  and  iu  170(5  they  sent  to  tho 


Projpots  of 

Kaiidot  foi 
11  Bftllo- 
nii-m  In 

this 
isliiiiil. 


'  Olace  Bay. 

'  Sydney  llarlHir. 

•>  [-ittlc  liiuM  O'or 


*  Pichon,  pp.   5,  -lO-rjO;  .Ii'ltlTys, 
pp.  WJ-M. 


9m 


msTnltV  (»K  NKW   K!{.\.N»  R 


'7'3-»4  Court  n  raoiuoir,  of  whioli  tli«  render  will  ho  tlm  iMjttor 
"^  '  ~  |)I('iih«hI  to  H»'o  tlid  Hul)Htftnc«  Iicru,  uh  it  cxiiliiiiiH  vory 
fliMiily  tiic  actual  ixmitioii  of  tliiit  coioin.  It  can,  I  bu- 
liovo,  ho  Hnfcly  »iHm«rto(1,  tliiit  if  tliiH  nu<iiioir  dotm  uot  por- 
huikU)  nil,  who  roiid  tliiH  hiHtory,  to  join  in  tlio  profiMtinuo 
^'ivi^ii  to  IhIo  Uoviilo  ovi'r  Acadiii,  it  will  at  ItMiHt  show 
that  after  th(!  ctHsion  of  that  provinfe  and  tho  poit  of  IMa- 
oontiu  to  th(>  English  Crown,  a  Holid  urttahiinhmout  on  that 
iHlaud  was  indispi-nHably  nocoHHary. 

Tlu>  two  IiitondantH  fiiHt  asHumc  that  tho  chiof,  and 
almoHt  solo  ol)joct  in  fact,  aiuicd  at  in  tho  colony  of  Cana- 
da, has  boon  tho  Fur  Trado,  cHpocially  that  in  boavor- 
Hkins ;  which  is  true,  however,  only  of  individuals ;  but 
they  remark  justly,  that  it  should  have  boon  foreseen  that 
in  course  of  time  the  boaver-skins  would  bo  exhausted,  or 
become  too  common,  and  tliat  cousiMpiciitly,  they  would 
not  HutHco  to  sustaiu  a  colony  of  that  importanco  ;  that  it 
1ms,  in  fact,  fallen  into  tho  latter  of  these  two  ditHeultieB, 
the  aluindanco  of  beaver  having'  ruined  it.  Private  indi- 
viduals, who  had  no  oV)joct  except  to  enrich  themselves 
speedily,  disregarded  ti  a.  It  mattered  little  to  them  what 
became  of  New  Franco,  after  they  had  drawn  from  it 
wherewith  to  live  at  ease  in  01<1  France. 

They  then  observe  that  the  Beaver  trado  has  never  been 
able  to  maintain  more  than  a  very  limited  number  of  set- 
tlers;  that  tho  use  of  this  commodity  can  never  be  suffl- 
ciently  general  to  maintain  and  enrich  a  whole  colony  ;  and 
if  the  cousumpti<m  were  sure,  thi'y  could  avoid  tho  diffi- 
culty just  stated,  only  to  fall  into  tho  first ;  that  for  want 
of  making  these  retlections,  tho  coloni.sts  of  New  Franco 
had  ilevoted  themselves  .ihnoat  exclusively  to  this  trade,  as 
if  they  had  boon  i'(!rtaiu  that  tlie  beavers  woul<l  reproduce 
as  rajiidly  as  codfish  in  the  sea,  and  that  the  sale  of  their 
skins  would  ecpial  tho  sale  of  that  tish.  They  have  ac- 
cordingly made  it  their  chief  business  to  roam  through 
woods  and  lakes  in  pursuit  of  furs,  '.''hose  long  and  fre- 
quent vovages  have  accustomed  them  to  a  life  of  indo- 
lence, which  they  ren(juuce  reluctantly,  although  their  jour- 


IIIHToriT  OF  NKW  FIIA.VCK. 


287 


noy'H  now  [iroducc  very  littlo,  in  o<)iiHoi|neiict>  of  t\w  low  1713-J4. 

piioo  of  iHiiivor.     Tlic   KiikIImIi,  ihvy  fontiiiut-    Imvo  imi- ■ 

Miuul  n  very  dill'tn'iit  coiuhc.  Witlioiit  wiiNlin;,'  tiim-  on 
Kiicli  loiiK  <'Xfm>iioiiH,  llit-y  liiiv.' tilloiltlifii-Hoil.ustiibliMlud 
nminifiu-turoH,  Hot  up  KliiHM-workH,  (jpouoil  iron  niinoH,  built 
.ships,  iind  liiivi^  novor  ivgiinlod  fuiH  l)ut  an  iin  aci-ohsiory  ou 
wldcli  littli'  dopcndoncf  uiih  pliuH-d. 

N«"C'(HMity  liiiH,  it  is  true,  iit  IuhI  opouuil  tiie  t^ycs  of  tlio 
CuniuliiuiH;  they  huvo  hcun  forcod  to  cultiviito  Ihix  iiuil 
hemp,  to  nmkt!  linon  cloth  ftud  infoiinr  druggots  of  tho 
wool  of  their  old  ilothcH  inixfd  witli  tiirt.'inl ;  I  ut  tho  long 
contracted  hubit  of  doing  nothing,  prosoutod  tln-ir  rising 
completely  from  want.  All,  indoud,  havo  grain  and  livo 
stock  «mough  to  livo,  but  many  lack  covering  for  their 
bodies,  and  iiro  forced  to  paas  tho  long  Hovoro  winter  clad 
in  doer-wkins. 

Yot  tho  King  expoudH  in  that  colony  a  hundred  thou- 
sand crowns  a  year :  tho  furs  aro  worth  about  two  hundred 
and  cigiity  tiiousand  livros  ;  tho  oils  and  o»hor  minor  pro- 
ducts bring  in  twenty  thousand  Uvres ;  the  pensions  ou  tho 
royal  treasury  paid  by  tho  King  to  individuals,  and  tho 
revenues  held  by  the  bishop  and  seminaries  in  Franco, 
amount  to  fifty  thousand  francs.  This  makes  six  hundred 
and  fifty  thousand  livros,  on  which  all  Now  Franco  rolls. 
On  tills  sum  alono  can  it  conduct  its  trade  ;  and  it  is  evi- 
dent that  this  cannot  bo  sufiicieutly  great  to  maintain  a 
colony  of  twenty  or  twcnty-fivo  thousand  souls,  and  fur- 
nish what  they  are  obliged  to  draw  from  France. 

Its  atlairs  wore  formerly  ou  a  better  footing,  the  King 
spending  a  greal^  deal  more  there;  it  shipped  beaver 
to  Franco  to  tho  amount  of  about  a  million,  and  was 
not  so  thickly  settled;  but  it  always  drew  more  than 
it  was  able  to  pay,  which  ruined  its  credit  witJi  mer- 
cantile m(>n,  who  aro  in  our  days  not  disponed  to  send 
goods  to  Canadian  merchants  without  letters  of  exchange 
or  a  good  security.  From  this,  and  tho  low  price  to  which 
beaver  has  fallen,  it  followed  that  all  the  m(niey  in  Canada 
had  to  go  to  Franco  to  obtam  goods  ;  so  that  there  was  a 


I 


288 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


1713-24.  time  when  there  was  not,  perhaps,  a  thousand  crowns  in 
silver  coin  in  the  country.  Paper  money  made  up  the  de- 
ficiency. I  will  not  repeat  hero  what  I  have  said  in  my 
Journal  as  to  this  money ;  its  advantages,  its  di'awbacks, 
and  the  reasons  for  suppressing  it. 

The  Messieurs  Raudot,  after  thus  exposing  the  state  in 
■which  New  Franco  stood  till  the  year  1708,  in  regard  to 
its  trade  and  its  faculties,  give  the  means  which  they  do- 
vised  to  render  it  more  flouri.shiug.  Miis  colony,  they  say, 
might  carry  on  a  trade  in  its  own  products,  which  would 
enrich  it.  These  products  are  salt  meats,  masts,  planks, 
sheathing,  timber  for  building  and  staves,  tar,  pitch,  whalo, 
seal  and  poi'poiso-oil,  codfish,  hemp  and  flax;  to  which 
might  bo  added  iron  and  copper.  It  only  requires  to  find 
an  opening  for  all  this,  and  to  reduce  the  price  of  labor. 

The  difficulty  on  the  last  score,  arises  from  the  indolence 
of  the  inhabitants  and  the  high  price  of  French  goods.  At 
times,  when  work  is  scarcest,  the  workman  expects  twenty- 
five  sous  a  day,  for  the  reason  that  he  uses  up  more  clothes 
in  working  than  he  can  replace  by  his  labor.  On  the  other 
hand,  goods  in  Canada  are  at  double  French  prices.  This 
seems  exorbitant,  but  after  rockoning  twenty-five  per  cent 
for  assurance,  (though  this  is  only  in  war  time,  at  least  at 
that  rate,)  expenses  of  commission,  freight,  which  some- 
times exceeds  forty  crowns  a  ton,  interest  on  money  ad- 
vanced, charges  to  be  paid  to  agents,  and  which  are  heavy 
when  drafts  are  not  met  at  maturity,  as  is  often  the  case, 
and  excl'ango  on  Paris,  it  will  be  found  that  the  merchant 
does  not  gain  much.    In  fact,  none  in  the  country  are  rich. 

To  raise  up  the  colony  of  Canada,  all  the  people  must 
be  employed,  each  according  to  his  abihty,  and  every 
individual  eiiablt  d  to  subsist  by  diminishing  the  price  of 
goods.  Now  this  might  apparently  be  attained  by  finding 
a  place  to  which  they  could  cheaply  and  conveniently  car- 
ry their  produce  and  obtain  French  goods  to  take  home. 
They  will  thus  gain  a  part  •>?  the  freight  of  both,  and  that 
part  of  the  people  wlio  rrst  oat  in  inaction  or  roam  the 
woods,  would  be  employed  in  navigation. 


IIISI'OliY  OF   NRW  FRANCR. 

"But  would  not  tliis  moans  bo  iiijni'ious  to  Franco,''  tho 
two  IiiteudautH  ask,  "  by  depriving  it  of  pirt  of  tlic  profit 
it  makes  on  goods?"  "No,"  tlioy  reply,  "  beeanse  the 
freight  gained  by  the  colonists  of  New  France,  thoy  will  re- 
store to  France  by  consuming  a  greater  quantity  of  its 
goods."  For  esamj)lo,  those  who  do  nothing  and  dress  in 
buckskin,  will,  as  soon  as  thoy  are  employed,  lind  meana 
to  dress  in  French  goods.  Now  a  more  convenient  spot 
for  this  object  than  Cape  Breton,  cannot  be  found. 

Nor  let  it  be  said  that  if  this  island  draws  a  part  of  its 
goods  from  Canada  that  France  might  f-irnish,  it  is  so 
much  lost  to  the  trade  of  the  kingdom ;  for  in  the  first 
place,  the  reply  made  to  the  preceding  objtjction,  destroys 
this  also  :  because  the  profit  made  by  Canada  out  of  this 
trade,  will  always  return  to  the  profit  of  the  kingdom  ;  for 
after  all,  New  France  cannot  dispense  with  many  articles 
from  France.  It  will  then  draw  a  larger  quantity  and  pay 
for  them  with  the  money  which  Capo  Breton  will  give  for 
its  produce.  In  the  second  place,  it  would  be  no  great 
evil  to  France,  if  it  did  not  export  so  much  wheat  or  other 
things  for  maintaining  life,  for  the  cheaper  provisions  are, 
the  more  woikmen  it  will  have  for  its  manufactures. 

"  This  island,"  continues  the  Memoir,  "  is  so  situated  as 
to  form  a  natural  entrepot  between  Old  and  New  France. 
It  can  supply  tho  former  out  of  its  own  raising  with  cod- 
fish, oil,  coal,  plaster,  timber  &c.  It  will  supply  tho  latter 
with  merchandise  from  tho  kingdom  at  much  lower  rates  ; 
it  w^ill  draw  from  it  part  of  its  substance,  and  save  it  a 
good  part  of  the  freight ;  and  then,  too,  tho  navigation  from 
Quebec  to  Cape  Breton  would  make  very  good  sailors  of 
men  now  useless,  and  a  burden  to  the  colony." 

Another  important  advantage  which  this  estabhshing  of 
Cape  Breton  would  render  Canada,  is,  that  small  vessels 
could  be  sent  out  thence  to  the  cod  and  other  oil-supi)lying 
fishes,  at  tho  nioulh  of  the  river.  Those  craft  would  be 
sure  of  a  market  for  their  cargo  in  tho  Island  of  Capo  Bre- 
ton, and  of  a  now  cargo  of  French  goods  ;  or  a  ship  loaded 
with  products  of  the  country,  might  be  sent  from  Qut^beo 


289 


1713-2.}. 


r 


290 


HISTORY   OF  NEW  FRANCE, 


1713-24.  to  Cape  Breton,  there  to  take  in  salt  for  the  gnlf  fisher- 
ies. When  it  had  taken  in  its  load,  it  would  return  to 
Cape  Breton,  sell  its  fish,  and  with  the  profit  of  these  two 
voyages,  purchase  French  goods  to  dis))ose  of  iu  Canada. 

It  is  here  well  to  know  that  what  then  prevented  the 
Canadians  frcm  embarking  in  the  fisheries  at  the  Gulf,  and 
at  the  mouth  of  the  St.  Lawrence,  was  the  necessity  of 
carrying  their  fish  to  Quebec,  whore  they  could  not  get 
enough  to  pay  freight  and  sailoi's'  wages,  on  account  of  the 
leugtli  of  the  voyage;  and  even  if  they  should  bo  lucky 
enough  to  make  a  little  profit,  as  had  very  rarely  hap- 
pened, this  i)rofit  was  not  sufficient  to  encourage  the  colo- 
nists to  continue  such  a  trade. 

The  two  colonies  then  mutually  aiding  each  other,  and 
their  merchants  growing  rich  by  the  constant  trade  car- 
ied  on,  they  might  associate  for  enterprises  equally  ad- 
vantageous to  both,  and  consequently  to  the  kingdom,  il' 
only  in  opening  the  iron  mines  so  abundant  around  Three 
Rivers;  for  then  those  of  France  and  its  woods  might 
rest,  or  at  least  they  would  no  longer  be  obliged  to  draw 
iron  from  Sweden  and  Biscay. 

Moreover,  ships  sailing  from  France  to  Canada,  always 
run  greater  risks  on  the  homo  passage,  unless  they  make 
the  voyage  in  the  spring :  now  the  small  vessels  from  Que- 
bec would  run  none  iu  going  to  Cape  Breton,  because  they 
would  take  their  time,  and  would  always  have  experienced 
pilots.  What  indeed,  would  prevf>nf  their  making  two 
voyages  a  year,  and  in  this  way  save  the  ships  from  France 
the  trouble  of  ascending  the  Saint  Lawrence,  which  would 
diminish  the  voyage  one  half? 

Moreover,  it  is  not  only  by  increasing  the  consumption 
of  goods  in  New  France  that  the  proposed  establishment 
would  benefit  the  kingdom,  but  also  by  the  ease  with  which 
it  could  introduce  its  wines,  brandies,  linens,  ribbons,  taf- 
fetas &c.,  into  the  English  colonies.  This  trade  would  be- 
come a  great  ol)ject,  as  tlie  English  would  supply  them- 
selves at  Capo  Breton  and  Canada  with  all  these  goods, 
not  only  for  the  American  continent,  where  their  colonies 


in 


HlSTOllY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


291 


are  extraordinarily  popnlons,  but  also  in  the  Eu-lisli  and  1713-24. 

Dutch  Islands,  with  which  they  trade.     Thus  they  would ' ' 

draw  much  money  from  all  the  colonies,  even  if  the  intro- 
duction of  our  goods  were  not  openly  permitted. 

Finally,  nothing  is  better  calculated  than  this  establish- 
ment to  induce  the  French  merchants  to  embark  in  the 
cod  fishery ;  because,  as  the  islai'd  of  Cape  Breton  would 
furnish  Canada  with  goods,  the  vessels  coming  there  to 
fish,  would  take  a  cargo,  half  in  merchandise  and  half  iu 
salt,  so  that  they  would  make  a  double  profit,  while  now 
the  ships  which  go  from  France  to  the  cod  fisheiy,  carry 
salt  only ;  moreover,  the  increase  of  the  fishery  might  ena- 
ble France  to  supply  Spain  and  the  Levant  with  that 
fish,  which  would  draw  much  specie  to  the  kingdom. 

The  whale  fish(!ry,  which  is  very  abundant  in  the  Gulf, 
towards  the  coasts  of  Labrador,  and  in  the  St.  Lawrence 
lliver,  up  as  far  as  Tadoussac,  might  also  be  one  of  the 
most  important  advantages  of  this  settlement.  Ships  en- 
gaged in  this  fishery,  would  lay  iu  goods  in  France  to  be 
disposed  of  in  Cape  Breton,  or  left  with  the  agents  of  the 
shippers.  At  the  same  place  they  would  take  in  barrels, 
and  proceed  to  carry  on  the  fishery,  which  is  easier  in  that 
place,  being  made  in  summer,  and  not  iu  winter,  as  iu  the 
north  of  Europe,  wliere  the  whalers  must  remain  amid  the 
ice,  under  which  the  whales  are  frequently  lost  when  har- 
pooned. Here  the  whalers  would  make  a  piofit  on  the 
goods  they  carried  to  Cape  Breton  and  on  their  fishing ; 
and  this  double  profit  would  be  made  in  less  time  and  with 
less  risk,  than  that  made  iu  the  north  from  whale-oil 
alone ;  and  the  money  sent  to  the  Dutch  for  this  article, 
would  remain  in  France. 

It  has  been  already  remarked,  tliat  the  island  of  Cape 
Breton  can  furnish  of  its  own  produt'tiou,  masts  and  tim- 
ber for  building  iu  (juantitiis  ;  it  can  also  readily  draw 
timber  from  Canada  ;  this  would  increase  tlie  reciprocal 
trade  of  these  two  colonies,  and  afi'ord  the  kingdom  great 
facilities  in  ship-buildhig.  This  wood  could  he  obtained 
from   this  island,  instead   of  our  being  forced  to  buy  it 


292 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FUANtE. 


i7'3-24-  from  foreigners.  Thoy  might  also  trade  witli  the  Antilles 
iu  masts  aud  pine  boards,  which  would  considerably  dimin- 
ish the  price  of  those  articles.  What  is  there  even  to  pre- 
vent the  bui'diug  of  ships  in  Cape  Breton,  which  could 
easily  obtain  from  Canada  all  it  needed  for  this  branch  ? 
It  would  be  much  cheaper  than  iu  Franco,  and  it  might 
even  furuisli  ships  to  the  foreign  nations,  from  whom  we 
now  buy  them. 

Finally,  there  is  no  more  convenient  stopping  place,  or 
more  secure  retreat  than  the  Island  of  Cape  Breton  for 
all  ships  coming  from  any  point  whatsoever  in  America, 
in  case  of  pursuit  or  being  surprised  by  bad  weather,  or 
running  oat  of  provisions,  wood  or  water.  Besides,  it 
would  be  in  time  of  war,  a  cruising  station,  to  ravage  the 
commerce  of  Now  England ;  and  if  the  forces  were  suffi- 
cient, as  they  might  easily  be,  they  might  then  obtain  en- 
tire control  of  the  cod  fishery  by  means  of  a  small  number 
of  frigates,  always  on  the  alert  to  run  out  of  the  ports  of 
the  island,  or  slip  back  again. 

The  two  lutendauts,  after  thus  setting  forth  the  advan- 
tages of  this  new  settlement  projected  by  them,  set  to  work 
to  facilitate  its  execution  and  meet  the  objections  made. 
The}'  remarked  in  the  first  place,  thit  it  was  inexpedient  to 
coiiudo  this  enterprise  to  a  Company,  for  the  reason  that 
the  spirit  of  all  such  societies  is  to  gain  much  in  a  short 
time,  to  abandon  or  neglect  matters  which  do  not  yield 
great  profits  soon  euovigh,  to  care  little  about  giving  their 
establishments  a  solid  foundation,  or  pay  any  attention  to 
the  good  of  the  inhabitants,  to  whom,  they  say,  too  great 
advantages  cannot  be  ofl'ered  if  you  wish  to  induce  them  to 
settle  in  a  new  colony.  What  ineluced  th.  m  to  speak  thus 
of  comi)anies,  was  their  experience  of  those  which  had 
hitherto  had  the  domain  or  the  exclusive  commerce  of  New 
France  and  the  French  West  Indies. 

They  novertlioloss  agreed  that  tae  settlement  of  Capo 
Brotou  would  involve  great  expense  ;  but  they  maintained, 
tL  ,*■.  witliout  its  bec(.Mniug  a  burthen  to  tlie  King,  aud  by 
means  of  certain  advances,  the  refundiui,'  of  which  to  his 


Means  of 
fstablisli- 
iii!'  lliis 
colony. 
Objections 
answered. 


UlSTUUi  OF  NEW  FUANOE. 


293 


his 


Mnjosty's  treasury   could  bo  easily  secure  J,  it  would  be   1713-24. 
easy,  iu  three  years'  time,  to  render  that  island  self-sup- 
porting, and  make  it  iu  a  few  years  an  object  of  much  im- 
j)ortauce.    The  advances  which  they  asked  and  the  means 
they  had  devised  for  reimbursement,  wre  these  : 

1st,  The  Iving  during  peace  does  not  require  a  groat 
many  of  his  vessels ;  they  decay  in  the  ports,  and  are  kept 
up  at  sea  :  it  is  then  a  benefit  to  the  service  to  give  them 
occasion  for  a  voyage.  The  King  would  lose  nothing  by 
chartering  some  of  his  storeships  to  convey  things  neces- 
sary for  the  settlement  iu  cjuestion.  Tlie  produce  they 
would  bring  back  after  the  first  ytar,  would  at  least  pay 
the  wages  and  maintenance  of  the  crews ;  for  by  arranging 
iu  advance,  they  would  find  ready  for  them  cargoes  of 
coal,  plaster,  masts,  yardaruis,  spars  and  other  wood,  which 
cost  only  the  taking  and  dressing.  Tlie  two  eusuing 
years,  they  might  add  ship-timber,  planks,  oils,  dried  fish 
and  other  articles  which  the  settlers  w  ould  begin  to  give  in 
payment  for  the  advances  received  to  enable  them  to  set- 
tle, and  which  may  be  regarded  as  cash,  since  wo  have  to 
buy  them  iu  foreign  markets  for  specie.  Moreover,  the 
increase  of  the  cod  fishery  would  increase  the  King's  du- 
ties on  that  article. 

2d,  Four  complete  companies  will  sixffice  for  the  first 
yoi.rs,  but  special  attention  is  necessary  in  selecting  the 
soldiers  ;  they  must  all  know  useful  trades,  such  as  those 
of  masons,  carpenters,  blacksmiths,  wood-cutters,  espe- 
cially farm  hands ;  and  iu  this  view  it  is  well  to  select 
young  vigorous  men,  and  good  workers;  this  selection  will 
not  be  a  diflicult  one  to  make  when  the  war  is  ended. 

It  would  oven  be  expedient  to  take  tho  first  companies 
from  Canada,  where  men  eoul  1  be  found  already  triiined 
for  a  new  colon3-,and  able  to  instruct  tlio-o  who  .-ouu'  from 
France.  But  above  all,  it  seemed  of  indispensable  i!  ■  •  s- 
sity,  that  tho  Governor  of  the  new  colony  sliould  have 
power  to  grant  a  discharge  and  permission  to  uuuiy,  to  all 
soldi  .■;.!  -iiing  it ;  tlu\v  would  also  defend  tlie  conn  try  bet- 
tor as  settlers  than  as  soldieLs;  tiic  conii^aiies  would  become 


294 


I7I3- 


Why  the 
project  W1V5 

not  then 
carried  out. 


Descriptiun 

of  Havre  a 

l'Aii<i;lois, 

afli-Tward 

eiUled 

Louys- 

bour; 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 

a  hive  of  settlors,  and  it  would  not  be  diffitnilt  to  recruit 
them  aunuiilly,  so  as  to  keep  them  always  full. 

3d,  In  regard  to  the  transportation  of  setth^rs,  the  ne- 
cessity of  supplying  the  colony  for  the  two  first  years  with 
provisions,  the  mtinitions  and  merchandise  to  he  sent 
there,  the  fortifications  to  be  erected  there,  the  money  to 
bo  put  in  circulation  at  first,  the  annual  charge,  the  do- 
main and  seignorial  rights,  grants  made  in  favor  of  com- 
munities and  individuals,  import  and  export  duties ;  all 
this  was  set  foi-th  in  detail  by  the  two  magistrates,  with  ad- 
mirable exactness,  intelligence,  order  and  precision,  up- 
held by  solid  and  thorough  proofs,  to  prove  evidently 
that  the  King  risked  nothing  in  making  the  advances  for 
this  setttlement ;  that  these  advances  were  not  so  great  as 
might  be  imagined,  and  that  they  might  bo  refunded  la 
three  years.  The  younger  Mr.  llaudot  nevertheless,  iu 
1708,  deemed  it  more  expedient  not  to  proceed  so  fast,  and 
to  establish  the  new  colony  gradually  ;  to  begin  by  sending 
troops  there,  who  might  carry  on  the  fisnery,  then  hired 
men  and  sailors  from  France,  a  part  of  whom  should  be- 
come settlers.' 

Apparently  the  war,  which  continued  some  years  longer  . 
and  engaged  all  the  forces  of  the  kingdom  and  all  the 
attention  of  the  ministry,  prevented  the  King's  council 
from  then  adopting  so  fine  a  project,  so  well  digested,  and 
apparently  tidvantageous  alike  to  France  and  New  France. 
The  fact  is,  that  after  ceding  Placeutia  and  Acadia  to  the 
English  Crown,  the  French  had  no  longer  any  place  to  dry 
their  codfish,  and  even  fish  in  ptace,  except  at  Cape  Bre- 
ton ;  hence  the  necessity  of  a  solid  colony  and  fortifica- 
tions there. 

They  began  by  changing  its  name  and  st-"ling  it  Isle 
Royalo.  They  then  deliberated  on  the  selection  of  the 
port  to  be  made  the  head  quarters ;  and  they  were  long  un- 
decided between  Havre  X  I'Anglois  and  Port  Bt.  Anne. 
The  former,  as  already  remarked,  is  one  of  the  finest  har- 


'  Memoires,  Canada  Doc.,  111.  v..  pp.  1197-1355;  Jefferys.  pp.  131  &c. 


•   i 


niSTOHY    OF   NEW    FUANCIi 


295 


recruit 

ho  ne- 
t's with 
e  sent 
ney  to 
he  do- 
t  com- 
?s  ;  all 
ith  ad- 
n,  up- 
dently 
!C3  for 
■cat  as 
led  in 
3SS,  in 
st,  and 
3nding 
hired 
lid  be- 

longor . 
ill  the 
iouncil 
d,  and 
'ranee, 
to  the 
to  dry 
a  Bre- 
rtilica- 

it  Isle 
of  the 
ng  un- 
Anne. 
it  har- 

121  &c. 


bors  in  all  America;  it  is  nearly  four  leagues  in  circuit,  '7'3- 
and  you  can  anchor  anywhere  in  six  or  seven  fathoms  of 
water ;  the  anchorage  is  good,  and  ships  can  be  beached 
without  risk.  Its  entrance  is  only  two  hundred  fathoms 
wide,  between  two  small  islands,  which  can  easily  defend 
it.  The  cod  fishery  is  very  ubiuulanl,  and  can  be  conduct- 
ed from  the  month  of  August  to  thu  end  of  December ; 
but  it  was  objected  that  the  soil  all  around  is  barren,  and 
that  it  would  cost  immense  sums  to  fortify  it,  as  it  would 
be  necessary  to  transjjort  all  t!ie  materials  from  i]uito  a 
distance.  Moreover.  '  had  been  remarked,  so  they  said, 
that  there  was  not  greve  {beach)  enough  in  the  harbor  for 
more  than  forty  fishing  vessels. 

Port  St.  Anne,  as  already  stated,  has  before  it  a  very  Oificrlption 
sure   roadstead   between  the  Cibou  Islands ;   the  port  is     Anne, 
almost  completely  closed  by  a  tongue  of  land,  leaving  pa.s-   "'  i'o).t"° 
sage  for   only  a   single  ship.     This  port,  thus  closed,  is   DaupUin. 
nearly  two  leagues  in  circuit,  and  is  oval  in  form :  ships 
can  everywhere  approach  the  land,  and  scarcely  perceive 
the  winds,  on  account  of  its  high  banks  and  the  surround- 
ing mountains.     Those  who  declared  in  its  favor,  added 
that  it  could  be  rendered  impregnable  at  little  expense,  and 
that  two  thousand  francs  would  go  further  there  than  two 
hundred  thousand  at  English  Harbor,  for  the  reason,  that 
all  needed  to  build  and  fortify  a  large  city  could  be  found 
on  the  spot. 

It  is  moreover  certain  that  the  greve  there  is  as  exten- 
sive as  that  of  Placentia ;  the  fishery  very  abundant,  great 
quantities  of  good  wood  found  there,  such  as  maple, 
beech,  wild  cherry,  and  especially  oaks  very  suitable  for 
building  and  masts,  being  twenty-eight  to  thirty-eight 
feet  high  :  marble  is  common,  most  of  the  land  good ;  in 
Great  and  Little  Labrador,  which  are  only  a  league  and  a 
half  off,  the  soil  is  very  fertile,  and  it  can  contain  a  very 
large  number  of  settlers.  Finally,  this  port  is  only  four 
leagues  distant  from  Spaniards'  Bay,  another  very  good 
harbor,  with  excellent  soil,  covered  with  wood  suitable  for 
building  aud  masts.     It  is  true  that  the  prevalent  westerly 


2«J(3 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FHAN(B. 


'7'3-24.  winds  prevent  fisliing  from  sloopH,  but  it  can  be  douo  with 
bouts,  as  at  Boston.' 

The  only  objection  to  Port  St.  Anne,  universally  atl- 
mittotl  to  bo  one  of  the  finest  ia  the  New  World,  ia  its 
difliculty  of  access.  This  incouvonionce  alone,  after  much 
irresolution,  and  even  many  alternate  attempts  to  settle 
(iither  this  port  under  the  name  of  Port  Dauphin,  or  Ha- 
vre li  I'Anf^lois  under  that  of  Louysbourg,  and  the  easy 
entrance  to  the  latter,  won  it  the  preference,  and  nothing 
was  spared  to  render  it  commodious  and  impregnable.  Tho 
city  is  built  on  a  tongue  of  land  which  forms  the  entrance 
to  the  harbor.'  De  Costcbollo,  who  had  just  lost  his  gov- 
ernorship of  Placentia,  was  appointed  to  the  new  colony, 
and  his  lieutenant,  Mr.  de  St.  Ovide,  has  succeeded  him.' 

It  was  at  flist  intended  to  transfer  to  Isle  Iloyale  all  the 
French  settled  in  Acadia  ;  all  the  Indians  comprised  by  us 
under  the  name  of  Abenaquis,  had  even  been  invited 
thither,  and  some  of  them  had,  in  fact,  formed  a  town  ;  but 
the  French,  fimliug  nothing  there  to  compensate  them 
for  their  property  in  Acadia,  and  tho  English  governors, 
whose  ill-treatment*  had  made  them  long  to  emigi'ato, 
as  proposed,  having  changed  their  policy,   for  fear  of 


'  Jt'ffi)ry8,  p.  122. 

'  The  tfeiguolay,  M.  de  t'ontre- 
ville,  arrived  at  Louisbnrg,  Aug.  13. 
17l;i,  and  took  jiosHcosion.  I'k'hon, 
p.  4.  (.'ostebelle  to  the  minister, 
Nov.  30,  1713.  C'uimdii  Doc,  111.  v., 
1171.  Ueceuseiiu'iit  do»  hnl)itan8  do 
Plaisancc,  et  iU-x  St.  Pierre,  rendus 
H  Louisbourg  avcc  leur  femiuos  et 
enfiiiiB.  lb.  117».  The  rcUgioai  cou- 
cerna  were  contiJiHl  totlie  Uecollicts, 
tho  hospitiil  to  the  Brotliers  of  ( 'hari- 
ty,  and  the  scliools  to  tho  Sisters  <,'f 
tho  Congregation.  Faillon,  Vie  de  M. 
Bourgeoys,  ii.,  pp.  300-313. 

'  Denis  do  la  Ronde  to  tho  minis- 
ter. Canada  Doc,  III.  v.,  p.  12-1.') ; 
Kaiidot  to  same,  111.  pp.  VirA,  li.l.j  ; 
de  Houville  to  same,  p.  1209. 

In  1713  CoMtebelle  wrote  toOaulin 
and  F.  Felix  to  press  Acadians  and  In- 


dians to  remove.  See  F.  Felix  Palm's 
reply,  Sept.  23,  1713.  Canada  Doc, 
III.  v.,  p.  113!) ;  Murdoch,  Hist.  Nova 
Scot).i,  i.,  p.  .330  n.  Catholic  World, 
XII.  p.  827 :  stating  their  reasons 
Hguinst  it. 

*  In  1714  L'llermite  and  St.  Ovido 
were  sent  to  obtain  leave  for  the 
Acadians  to  retire  witli  their  cattlo 
and  corn  to  Cape  Breton  Nichol- 
son refused,  referring  tin  m  to  the 
Queen.  The  Court  of  France  then 
applied  to  that  of  England.  Pont- 
cliartrain  to  d'llierville,  Nov.  7, 
1714.  Towshend  to  Board  of  Trade, 
Nov.  1.5.  Nova  Scotia  Dcx;.,  pp.  4-5. 
The  Knglish  tluis  induced  them  to 
riiunin,  .mwilling  to  lo.se  all  tho 
colonists.  But  in  1717,  I/t-Oov. 
Duuciato  demanded  an  absolute  oath 
of   allegiance.     Tho    Acatlians    de- 


IIISToliY  OF  NKW  IMIANCK. 


201 


loHiiif^  coloiiiHtH  wliom^  inerit  thoy  hhw,  at  last  resolved  to  I7'3  ^4. 
loinaiii  in  tlioir  HrttlciiKiits.'  ' 

Yet  tlii'v  \vill-Mi|^li  cluiiif^'fil  their  resf.lution  in  1720.  Sir 
I'liiiip  Kii'liiml'  iiuviiig  beuu  iiiipoiutcd  (Japtiiiu-Cluuonil 
uud  C^ovoruor  of  Newfoundliind  and  Acadia,  wuh  greatly 
amazed  to  tind  the  l-'rnieh  living;  in  this  Inltir  proviuee  i"; 
subjects  of  the  Mo«t  Cluistiiin  Kin;^,  and  that  the  autlua- 
iticH  liud  been  KatiHfied  with  tijeir  rciiiaining  trauiiuil,  douj^; 
uothing  contrary  to  the  service  of  the  British  Crown;  en- 
joying the  Hame  iirerof^'atives  that  they  had  enjoyed  und(  r 
the  sway  of  tiieir  natural  sovereign,  having  Catholic 
l)riests  and  the  free  exercise  of  their  religion,  and  muin- 
tuiuiug  a  kind  of  iutorcourso  with  Isle  lloyalo. 

Ho  was  told  that  the  govorninent  had  deemed  it  expe- 
dient to  grant  them  all  this,  to  prevent  their  retiring  cither 
to  Canada  or  to  Isle  Iloyale,  as  they  were  at  liberty  to  do 
by  virtue  of  the  treaty  of  Utrecht,  or  even  to  carry  oft 
their  personal  property  and  sell  their  real  estate ;  and  that 
they  thus  avoided  the  cost  of  trans|)orting  a  new  popula- 
tion, whom  it  would  be  necessary  to  send  to  replace  them  ; 
moreover,  it  would  have  been  dilHcult  to  find  settlers  as 
laborious  and  industrious  as  these  ;  that  besides,  they  had 


clinod,  unk'BB  gimmntci^d  again»t 
Indian  Bttacks.  Dcrlnration  went,  to 
,  French  AcadianBand  answer.  N.  H. 
Doc,  ])|).  14-5. 

'  In  Hpile  of  llie  capitulation  tliey 
were  deprived  of  tlu  ir  elerfry.  Uev. 
.lustiniiin  Durund  was  sent  to  Hoston 
in  1711.  and  tliero  kcjit  in  jiriwon  for 
two  years  :  F.  Felix  wan  Imnitihi^d  in 
1724,  and  Kev.  Mr.  CIuirleninKne  im- 
prisoned and  banislied  in  1724-5 ; 
.  ev. -Mr.  <iaidin  imprisoned  in  POd. 
Soe  Early  MisBionsin  Acadia,  t 'at lio- 
lic  World, XII.  iip.H-'O-fir). 

*  Colonel  Hic'.mrd  PliillippH,  u'rnnd- 
son  of  Sir  John,  Imrn  in  1001  :  joini^l 
William  II  I.  ii.nd  made  captain  ;  Oov- 
ernor  of  Nova  Scotia,  Aug.  1,  1717; 
alHoof  Flacentia.  li<' returned  to  En- 
gland in  ITiil,  and  died  iu  1701,  still 


Qovemor,  the  colony  being  admin- 
iHtered  liy  a  liieiitenant-Uovi^rnor, 
I'hillipps,  a  ^'rasping,  avaricious 
man,  retaining  the  .salary.  Akins, 
NovaS<'oiia  Doc,  pp.  17-1!(.  Ilaliluij. 
ton.i.,  p.  !t:!.  Ah  to  the  oalli,  sei'  Ijih 
lirochmiation,  April  12, 17''0.  Canii- 
da  Doc,  HI.  vii,,  p.  (Kil.  Demand  on 
jKHiple  of  Menis,  Chignecto,  Anna- 
polis Kiver,  April  3S.  lb.  p  (i75 :  N. 
Scotia  Doc,  pp.  31-23.  Letter  of 
Aoadiuim  to  St.  Oviile,  that  I'hiUipps 
would  allow  them  to  take  unly  two 
sheep  i»  r  fiuiuly.  Canada  Doc, 
1)78  ;  N.  S.  Doc,  p.  2(i ;  Letter  of  tlie 
iidinbitanis  of  Mines,  p.  (i(SO.  I/ctter 
to  Arclibisho|)  of  Cainbray,  p.  (is'i. 
See  also,  N.  Y.  Col.    Doc,  ix..    p, . 

nyi-3. 


298 


IIIHTOIIY  Ol"  .>K\V   KUANCH 


•7' 3      not  iibuHoil  thtir  itrivilogcH,  mid  tliiit  it  wiis  cvon  on  thoir 
'~  '  '-'  iiccoiiiit  that  tilt)  Iinliiui  iillios  of  rruni-i)  Imd  for  Homo  tinio 
loft  lliu  Eiif^li-li  ill  ptiico. 

Tho  Cii|)tiiin-(roin'i'(il  either  did  uot  like  tlioHu  reanouH, 
or,  coiivinaid  that  tiiuo  niunt  have  cluviigcd  the  uatnio  of 
tliiii^,'H,  tliuu^lit  that  lie  iiiiglil,  without  risk,  put  tho  Froiii'li 
on  till'  i^auie  faotiii-,'  ax  liit«  Kii^disli.  He  Ix'^'aii  hj  forliid- 
diu^  all  intercourso  with  Isle  lloyalo,  and  next  informed 
tlit'iu  that  he  f^ave  them  only  fonr  niontli.<  to  decide  cm  tak- 
ing the  oath  of  allegiance,  which  all  Huhjects  owe  their 
Bovereigu. 

Do  Haiut  Ovido,  who  was  soon  informed  of  this,  notified 
tho  settlers,  that  as  soon  as  they  complied  with  what  was 
exacted,  they  would  tiiid  tluinselves  in  a  very  difTereiit  jmi- 
sition  from  that  in  which  they  had  hitherto  been  ;  that  they 
would  Koou  be  (hpiived  of  liberty  of  practising  their  reli- 
gion publicly  ;  that  they  would  be  deprived  of  their  priests, 
and  if,  destitute  of  all  spiritual  succor,  they  were  so  happy 
us  to  adhere  to  the  faith  of  their  fathers,  they  conld  uot 
reckon  that  their  children  would  long  resist  tho  seduction 
and  threats  that  would  be  employed  to  force  them  to 
change  their  belief.  In  a  word,  that  they  would  not  be 
slow  to  see  themselves  the  slaves  of  the  English,  who 
would  treat  them  with  that  harshness  that  they  must  ex- 
pect from  their  natural  antipathy  to  the  French,  and  w  hich 
the  French  refugees,  although  united  to  them  by  the  bonds 
of  a  common  religion,  daily  experienced.' 
flrm^imi'are  T^hin  advice  was  uot  needed  by  those  to  whom  tlie  Gov- 
peuco.  tJiui'i'  <>i  li^ltJ  lloyide  gave  it.  Tliey  had  jn'omptly  an- 
swered the  Governor-General  as  they  should,'  and  had  even 


I  See  I'liillipps  tci  .St,  (hult!,  May 
1!,  1720,  Auk.  10.  N.  t*.  Doc,  i)i). 
2(1,  ;J8.  Fur  Mftscarcno'is  view  of  tlie 
iiintttT,  SIM'  |>)).  ll-i. 

■  Scij  LcttiT  of  till' liihubitmits  of 
L'S  Mines  to  ihu  (iovcnior,  Caniulu 
Uoc.  V.  vii.,  l>.  Ot<0.  Nova  Scotiiv 
Doc,  J).  28.  They  juHlitied  tlicir  ilt- 
lay  by  their  inability  to  m^U,  aw  no 
English  HotUcrs  cmue  within  tlie 
year,    lliilibiirton  (i.,  p.  'J4  n.)  vavu- 


tiona  that  tho  priest  who  waited  on 

the  Giiviriior  to  remonstrate  on  tho 
Hiilijeet  (il  tlie  oiith,  wiis  I'Hcorteil  liy 
150  youn(r  men,  a  n^tinue  more  nu- 
meroiiH  thuii  ilie  Uoviriior's  (riuri- 
Bon.  These  AcadianH  were  refiiwj 
ndmiitance  on  Euglinh  ships,  and 
Kri'nch  shi^w  were  not  allowed  to 
enter  tho  Acadian  jKjrtB  to  receive 
them. 


IIISTOIIY  01-'  SKVV  FUAM  E. 


2on 


thotr 


lot  him  umKirstiiiul  iuilirnctly,  tlmt  if  ho  uuilt-rtuDk  to  ilrivo 
thi'iii  tui'xtroii't'H,  lie  would  iiiivo  tlic  Iinliiiiis  on  ]\\h  hiiii<ls, 
will)  woiilil  ncvt'i-  ulldw  lliciii  to  lio  fori-(!(l  to  tiiivi'uii  oath  of 
ulK'giiiuoo  or  ih'inivod  of  thi'ir  |>a»toiH.  This  roply  hiul  its 
olToct;  llichiinl  doouioil  it  unwiHo  to  roiiso  tiic  Tiidijuw  in 
hia  vicinity,'  iit  ii  tiiuo  rthcii  tiioso  on  tho  Kfiincln'c  wcro 
(juito  ill-ilihpoHL'd  to  tlm  Ndw  Kii;^liindfis,  ( IJostonnoiM,) 
nor  ('.\i)oso  liiiUHolf  ^o  soo  Aciidiii  (h'popnliitod  ;  for  Saint 
Ovido  hud  uh-oady  tiikou  Htoprt  to  fiu-ilitatt^  tin?  rotroat  of 
tho  Trouch  to  IhIo  St.  Joiin,  wheio  they  tlion  talked  of 
nuking  a  largo  sottlcniont. 

Noxt  to  Isilo  lloyalr,  tliut  of  Saint  Jean,  whii'li  in  (jnito 
ucur  it,  in  tho  largest  of  all  that  lie  in  llu'  (inlf  of  Sf. 
Lawrouco,  and  it  svirpasHos  tho  former  in  ono  point,  all  tlm 
soil  boing  fertile.  It  is  twenty-two  leagues  long,  and  a1)out 
tifty  in  circuit;  it  haa  a  secure  and  commodious  hariior, 
and  was  then  ccverod  with  wood  of  all  tho  best  kinds.  Up 
to  tho  time  whou  sottlomeutu  wero  begun  on  Islo  Iloyalo, 
uo  attention  was  paid  to  Islo  Saint  Jean ;  then,  how- 
ever, from  their  proximity,  it  was  judged  that  they  might 
bo  of  great  service  to  each  other. 

A  oomi)any  was  accordingly  formed  in  171U,  to  settlo 
Saint  Jean,  emi>loying  funds  more  easily  found  at  '.hat 
timo,  than  maintained  at  tho  arbitrary  value  assigned  to 
thorn.  The  Count  de  Saint  Pierre,  first  E(|UOiry  to  tho 
Duchess  of  Orleans,  was  at  tho  head  of  tho  project,  and 
the  King,  by  his  Letters  P.ateut,  granted  in  the  month  of 
August  iu  that  year,  granted  it  the  islands  of  Saint  Jeau 
and  Miscou  iu  "  franc  Aleu  Noble,'  without  justice,  which 


i7>3- 


Sciilcini'tit 

(it  IhIi:  at. 

.Ii'iin, 

(I'lliini 

K.ll«'!llll'» 

Inland). 


'  Hi-  wiiH  so  iilarnnil  tlii\t  lio  wnt. 
to  Kntrluiiil  lor  ut  Uast  liOO  mUli- 
tioiml  troo|i8.  N.  S.  Doc,  ]>.  W. 
Substiiutntly  Futlicr  (iiiulin  suli- 
initutl,  luul  880  AciidinnM  took  a 
vcrlmllv  niiidilioil  ontli.  iiiiiliTSlaml- 
iiiirtliui  thi'V  were  not  rrfiuiri'd  to 
bi'iir  anus  upiiiisl  Kiuinv,  "ini  were 
to  t'lijnv  their  nliifiiiii  an!  ntain 
tlieir  cicrfry.  nulilmrtoti,  i..  p.  t)l. 
Uulorluimtfly    tlii'se    pour,    t^iniiilu 


Aoailinns  rcir.uinocl  under  tlii'se  vtT- 
liiil  proniiHcH  iii'vcr  iiicaut  to  bo 
kujit.  iind  lived  in  coiiKtaiit  Iroiiblo 
till  lilt')'  were  torn  iiway  IVoni  their 
houicti  and  deprived  of  ev.Tything, 
witliinit  trial  or  any  lejial  proeeed- 
inijs,  by  an  aet  whotie  enoriuily  will 
ever  live  in  hintory, 

'■■  l'"raiic  Men  is  ii  IVeehold  under 
wliicli  lands  are  exempt  Inun  all 
rights   or   duties  to  seigneurs,   ac- 


300  IlISTOHY  OF  NEW  FUANtE. 

1713.      ]iis  majesty  reserved  ou  couditiou  of  paying  homage  and 
^—^r—^  ft;,dty  at  the  Castle  of  Louysbourg,  from  whicli  lie  will  re- 
lieve witliont  liue  :'"  aud  this  for  the  2)in'[)ose  of  establish- 
ing a  sedentary  cod  tishery.^ 
„„    .   ,. ,       In  January   of  the   ensuing   year,  the  Coiint   de  Saint 
i»)t       Pierre  obtained  new  patents,  granting,  on  the  same  tenure 
and  conditions,  the  Magdalen  Islands,  IJotou  ov  Eamees, 
the  islands  and  islets  adjacent,  as  well  for  the  cultivation 
of  the  soil  and  getting  out  of  lumber  as  for  cod,  seal  and 
walrus  tishery  :  aud  he  would  apparently  have  carried  out 
his  project  had  all  his  associates  resembled  him.     But  ho 
experienced  the  disgust  inseparable  from  societies  whero 
all  the  members  are  not  born  with  noble  thoughts,  and  are 
held  together  by  no  tie  but  interest. 

This  project  experienced  what  always  happens  in  such 
cases,  when  all  interested  seek  to  have  an  equal  share  iu 
the  direction,  when  the  first  advances  are  not  made  v.'ith  a 
perfect  knowledge  of  tlie  nature  and  advantages  of  the 
place,  and  the  obstacles  to  be  met  there ;  aud  when  men 
are  not  at  liberty  to  select  persons  fitted  to  carry  out  the 
designs  which  had  been  formed.  From  neglecting  to 
adopt  all  these  measures,  the  first  attempts  failed,  but  as 
they  despaired  of  adopting  any  better,  the  enterprise  was 
abandoned. 
rj.,1^.  However  all  the  operations  undertaken  after  the  conclu- 

rem'w't'iK'ir  ^'^^^  ^*"  P^''^'-'*-'  i"  regard  to  Isle  Hoyale,  gave  little  concern 

iillifini" 


■"villi  113. 
1714. 


to  the  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil,  the  royal  orders  being  gen- 
i  rally  addressed  to  de  Costebulle  and  de  Saint  Ovide. 
IjuI  that  general  was  no  sooner  relieved  from  anxiet}-  iu 
regard  to  the  English,  and  assured  of  the  pacific  disposi- 
tion of  the  Iroquois,  who  had  come  in  1714  to  renew  their 
alliance  with  him,  and  even  offered  their  mediation  in  case 
of  a  new  rupture  with  the  English,  than,  in  concert  with 


kiuwli'dgliiir  no  lord  but   ihc  king.  Cartiir's time.    Cliiiniplain  (Icscribcs 

lioiii'licllc.    'ro|'Ot;r,M|.liirul    Ui'scrip  it.     V'oyagci^,  i..  p.  I'Jil,  (Ivl'ii  1S:!().) 

tioii  of  Lower  Cuiiiidn,  p.  I','.  It     wiis    grnntcd    in    KiCjii  to  Siciir 

'   I'iclioii,  liCllrcs,  pp.  5t-M).  l)oiil)li't,    but  di'pcndi'd  on   Miscoii 

■•'  St.  .Iciin,  "illi  il.r   iirii:lilmrin;j;  ni.d    lliu  tisliiug  t'ljuiimny  sel    up 

ifliuidn   III'    limn' r,    wu,-.   known    In  llnTu. 


, 


\:  I 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


801 


Begon,  Baudot's  successor,  ho  took  up  soriousl3  the  matter 
of  fortifying  and  peopling  the  colony,  where  to  his  grief  he 
beheld  the  number  of  inhabitants  dimini(-h,  apparently, 
rather  than  increase. 

"  Canada,"  says  he  in  a  letter  addressed  this  same  year 
to  the  Count  de  Pontchartraiu,  "  has  only  four  thousand 
four  hundred  and  forty-four  inhabitants  able  to  bear 
arms,'  from  the  age  of  fourteen  to  sixt}',  and  the  twenty- 
eight  companies  (of  Troops  of  the  Marine  Service  main- 
tained there  by  the  King,)  make  in  all  only  six  huudi'cd 
and  twenty-eight  soldiers.  This  small  force  is  scattered 
over  an  extent  of  a  hundred  leagues.  The  English  Colo- 
nies have  sixty  thousand  men  able  to  bear  arms,  and  there 
is  no  doubt  but  that  on  the  first  rupture  they  will  make  a 
great  effort  to  reduce  Canada,  if  you  reflect,  that  in  the 
twenty-second  article  of  the  instructions  given  by  the  city 
of  London  to  its  members  in  the  next  parliament,  they 
are  required  to  demand  from  the  ministers  of  the  preced- 
ing administration,  why  Canada  and  the  Islam!  of  Capo 
Breton  were  left  in  the  hands  of  France." 

As  for  the  means  of  filling  up  the  comiianies  of  the 
King's  troops,  de  Yaudreuil  thought  there  could  be  little 
difficulty  after  the  great  reform  just  accomplished  in 
France.  In  regard  to  the  increase  of  population,  he  felt 
that  the  following  objections  might  be  made :  first,  the 
scarcity  of  men  in  most  of  the  provinces  of  the  kingdom  : 
second,  the  exhausted  state  of  the  finances,  which  forbade 
making  any  considerable  advances  to  transport  new  set- 
tlers to  America,  and  maintain  them  there  till  they  could 
by  thei.'  labor  procure  the  necessaries  of  life.  He  met 
tins  difticulty  by  suggesting  an  expedient  which  seemed 
easy  to  him,  notwithstanding  these  two  obstacles.  He 
proceeds  in  the  letter  just  cited  as  follows  : 

"Every  year  there  is  a  considerable  number  of  salt- 
smugglers  condemned  to  the  galleys,  for  whom  the  King 


1714. 


ComlUiou 
of  Nuw 
i'liiuce. 


'  Tbe  total  French  (iu|)uluii(m  01150  tiingU'  iriiuiles.  Archives  do 
wiiH  184-10  ;  3780  ninrrii'd  mrii,  S.'JSf:'  rArchoviclu'  do  Qui^bcc,  cited  in 
umrrn'il  WdJiicn  ;  07  Hi  ^iii.^h  niulrs  ;     I'erUwul,  ii..  p.  iSUO  n. 


802 


HISTORY  OP  NEW   FRANCE. 


'7 '4-  has  little  ueed  ainl  wlio  bocomo  unavailable  foi-  cultivatiug 
'-"-^r-—-  the  soil;  their  expense.-i  are  paid  by  the  faimers-geueral, 
and  the  King  aiiglit  gnuit  the  colony  of  Canada  a  hundred 
and  fifty  every  year,  tho  farmers-general  to  take  them  to 
Rochelle,  and  on  i)aying  a  hundred  and  fifty  livres  for 
each,  to  be  released  entirely  in  regard  to  them.  There  is 
not  one  but  costs  them  p  hundred  francs  a  year,  and 
every  one  is  detained  at  least  eighteen  months,  and  some 
for  ten  years  or  more.  Beyond  this,  all  that  the  farmers- 
general  can  ask,  is  that  they  shall  not  return  to  France, 
and  I  will  answer  for  that. 

"  If  the  King  grants  this  favor,  all  t.ie  ships  coming  to 
Canada  can  be  obliged  to  transport  these  hundred  and  fifty 
men,  and  give  fifty  livres  for  each  on  their  arrival.  In 
the  colony  they  can  be  distributed  among  tho  settlers,  to 
work  as  servants,  and  this  for  three  years,  after  which  they 
are  to  be  free,  but  not  to  be  at  liberty  to  return  to  France ; 
and,  to  enable  them  to  be  in  a  condition  to  do  something 
for  themselves,  the  hundred  livres  remaining  out  of  tlie 
hundred  and  fifty  paid  by  the  farmers-general,  may  be  put 
in  the  hands  of  the  master,  who  will  be  required  at  the  ex- 
piration of  the  three  years'  service,  to  give  each  man  fifty 
crowns.  Tlie  settlers  M'ould  be  very  glad  to  have  men  on 
these  terms ;  and  this  would  insensibly  give  an  increase  of 
men  iiiuied  to  labor."  ' 
iiH'ffootuni  At  the  close  of  this  letter,  the  Governor-General  added 
tho  EnfTiish  tluu  the  Euglisli  at  Boston  were  neglecting  no  means  to 
the  win  the  Abenaqui  nations  to  their  interests,  by  making 
.Kjuis.  ^jj^jjj^  many  j^reseuts,  by  offering  them  goods  at  a  low 
rate,  and  ministers  for  prayer :  that  the  Baron  de  Saint 
Castin  and  the  missionaries  were  doing  wonders  to  divert 
them  ;  but  that  Father  de  la  Chasse  reminded  him  that 
grace  often  needs  tho  co-operation  of  man,  and  that  tem- 
poral interest  sometimes  serves  as  a  vehicle  for  faith ;  that 
it  was  more  than  ever  necessary  for  his  majesty,  by  some 
new    benefit,  to   facilitate  means    for  retaining  in   our 


'  Seo  u  Memoir    lik.'   this  dated     Orleans  in  N.  Y.  t'ol.  Doc,  ix.,  ])[] 
1710,  and  addressi'd  to  tlie  Diiko  of    b08-87'J. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW   FRANCE. 


303 


alliance,  and  to  maiutaiu  in  the  true  faith,  a  nation  which 
aloue  in  the  last  two  wars  had  given  us  the  upper  hand 
over  the  English  colonies.' 

There  is  every  reason  to  suppose  that  de  Vaudrcuil  ob- 
taiuod  what  he  asked,  as  the  Abeuaquis  have  remained 
•jtrougly  attached  to  us,  and  have  defended  their  territory 
against  the  attempts  of  the  Euglish  in  the  manner  that  we 
have  seen,  and  that  it  was  found  necessary  to  employ  the 
authority,  or  at  least  the  influence  of  their  missionaries  to 
induce  them  to  arrest  their  i  cursions  into  Acadia  and  the 
jurisdiction  of  Boston. 

As  for  the  Island  of  Newfoundland,  the  Euglish  gained 
much  more  by  the  cession  of  all  we  possessed  there  than 
we  lost ;  for  Isle  Royale  compensated  in  part  for  Placeu- 
tia,  all  the  inhabitants  of  which  were  transferred  to  Louys- 
bourg,  and  there  soon  found  themselves  more  at  ease  than 
they  had  ever  been  in  Newfoundland ;  while  the  Euglish 
beheld  themselves  absolute  masters  of  an  island,  where 
they  could  feel  sure  of  nothing  as  long  as  they  had  us  as 
neighbors." 

They  were  no  less  dehghted  at  excluding  us  from  the 
whole  of  Hudson  Bay.  During  the  last  five  or  six 
years  that  Sieur  Jeremie  commanded  at  Fort  Bourbon, 
he  had  received  no  assistance  from  the  Northern  Com- 
pany ;  and  he  had  only  sixteen  men  left  to  guard  that  fort, 
and  another   two  leagues  further  north,  and  erected   to 


1714. 


Condition 

ol  Iliidsdn 

Buy  lit  tlie 

Teaoe. 


i 

I 


'  Charlevoix's  arrangement  here 
is  singularly  confusing,  lie  has 
already  treated  of  Alu'niuiui  iimtters 
down  to  1TZ5,  and  now  recurs  to 
1714.  Apparently  the  history  was 
completed  before  Rales  death,  and 
that  niattersubseqiiently  introduced. 

'  This  memoir  does  not  ajiiiear 
amons:  the  recent  collections,  al- 
though several  others  on  llu'  siime 
topic  do.  This  same  year,  1714, 
the  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil  visited 
France,  where  his  wife  had  been  for 
some  years.  Paper  Money,  insti- 
tuted in  \mx.  at  this  ■  ine  Ix  gnn  to 
bo  decried,  and  in  17iy  it  ceased  to 


be  valid  in  payment.  Then  1,393,- 
7J0  livres  of  th(!  paper  money  were 
l)urned.  Juchereau,  Ilistoire  do 
I'Hotel  Dieu,  pp.  5':;i-7.  Oct.  3, 
1714,  died  M'lle  le  Her,  the  Re- 
ciuse,  ante  IV.,  p.  307.  Juchereau,  p. 
SlW  ;  V'ie  de  M'lle  le  Ber,  par  Mr. 
Faillon ;  Vie  de  Marguerite  15our- 
geoys,  ii.,  p.  2!I3.  1714,  Ap'l  13,  Es- 
ther Wiieel Wright,  a  New  Knglimd 
cajitive,  becomes  an  Ursuliiie  nun 
at  Quebec.  Ursuline.s  de  Quebt!C, 
ii.,  p. 75  ;  Adelaide  Silver  wa^' already 
from  1710  a  nun  in  the  Hotel  Dieu, 
MoMtieal.  Vie  de  M'lle  Man  e,  ii., 
p.  105. 


I 


801 


HISTORY  OP  NEW  FIUNCB. 


'7 '4.  contain  the  storehouses  ami  aflbnl  a  lofugo  in  case  of  re- 
verse. Hitherto  the  French  had  uotliing  to  fear  from  the 
Indians,  who  on  all  occasions  evinced  a  strong  attachment 
to  their  interest.  But  when  no  c  are  has  been  taken  to 
unite  these  Indians  to  us  by  the  bond  of  religion,  the 
allurement  of  an  actual  gain,  together  with  hope  of  impu- 
nity, is  a  great  temptation  for  them. 

At  last,  provisions  failing  entirely  at  Fort  Bourbon,  and 
Jereniie'  not  wishing  to  touch  the  powder  placed  in  reserve 
at  the  tunall  fort  just  mentioned,  sent  his  lieutenant,  his  two 
clerks  and  live  mure  of  his  best  men  to  hunt  the  caribou, 
which  pass  through  those  parts  in  great  numbers  in  the 
months  of  July  and  August.  These  hunters  encamped 
near  a  troop  of  Indians,  who,  for  want  of  powder,  had  been 
unable  to  lay  in  their  store  of  meat,  and  were  reduced  to 
the  greatest  misery,  the  Indians  having  almost  entirely 
lost  the  use  of  their  arrows  since  the  coming  of  Eui'opeana 
to  their  country.' 

Tlicy  felt  it  still  more  when  they  saw  the  French  hunt- 
ing successfully  and  enjoying  abundance  without  sharing 
it  with  them ;  they  accordingly  resolved  to  massacre  them 
to  obtain  their  spoils.  They  began  by  inviting  the  two 
who  seemed  bravest  to  a  feast,  which  they  wished,  they 
said,  to  give  at  night  in  their  cabins.  The  Frenchmen 
went  and  were  easily  made  way  witli.  The  Indians  then 
ran  to  the  other  six,  who  were  quietly  sleeping  in  their 
tents,  and  massacred  them  also.  One  only  escaped  :  being 
merely  wounded,  he  eounterfoited  death,  and  after  the  In- 
dians had  stripped  tluin  all  and  retreated  wi*^h  their  plun- 
der, he  with  great  diiKculty  dragged  himself  to  tlie  skirt  of 
the  woods.  There  he  staunched  his  wounds  as  well  as  he 
could  with  kuives  of  trees,  and  started  for  Fort  Bourbon, 
travelling  through  thorns  and  brambles  that  tore  his  whole 
body,  for  they  had  not  even  left  him  his  shirt. 

In  this  state  he  travelled  ten  leagues  and  reached  the 


'  He  was  siiit  out  in  170a  to  Huc-  liis  arriviil.   Ji'n'inic,  Ki'liitioa  de  In 

ci'ud  Dt'lisle,  lirolLor  of  de  St.  Mi-  Bayedi' Hudson.   (.Voyages uu Noid, 

chel.    Port    Cutitaiii    Dl    Hocbolort.  iii.,  p.  3;j;i.) 

1)<  lislp  uii-d  thciv  till'  winliT  after  •  11).  p.  'i')0. 


HISTUUV    OF  NEW  FUANC'E. 


nofi 


fort  at  nine  o'clock  at  night.  Ho  bore  the  first  tidings  of 
the  massacre  of  his  companions,  and  this  convinced  the 
Sicur  Jeremio  that  it  was  impossible  to  guard  two  posts 
with  his  uiuo  remaining  men.  He  accordingly  resolved  to 
occupy  Fort  Bourbon.  The  Indians  did  not  even  allow 
him  time  to  transfer  his  powder  to  it  from  the  other  fort ; 
they  seized  it '  without  resistance,  and  thus  reduced  the 
French  to  the  last  extremity.  Under  tliese  circumstances, 
when  the  commandant  in  the  ensuing  year  receivetl  orders 
to  deliver  Fort  Bourbon  to  the  English,  he  had  no  great 
reason  to  regret  a  post  where  he  was  so  ill  at  ease." 

New  France  might  console  itself  for  these  losses  by  the 
calm  its  inhabitants  enjoyed.  However,  the  Outagamis, 
(Foxes,)  incensed  rather  than  weakened  by  the  severe  loss 
sustained  at  Detroit  in  1712,  infested  with  their  robberies 
and  filled  with  murders  not  only  the  neighborhood  of  the 
Bay,  their  natural  territory,  but  almost  all  the  routes  com- 
municating with  the  remote  colonial  posts,  as  well  as  those 
leading  from  Canada  to  Louysiana.  Except  the  Sioux, 
who  often  joined  them,  and  the  Iroquois,  with  whom  they 
had  formed  an  alliance,  but  who  did  not  seem  to  help 
them,  at  least  openly,  all  the  nations  in  commerce  with  us 
sufiered  greatly  fi'om  these  hostilities,  and  there  was  reason 
to  fear  that  unless  a  remedy  was  promptly  applied,  most 
of  them  would  make  terms  with  these  Indians  to  our 
detriment. 

This  induced  the  Marquis  de  Vaudreuil  to  propose  to 
them  to  join  him  in  exterminating  the  common  enemy.  All 
consented,  and  the  General  raised  a  party  of  Frenchmen, 
assigning  the  command  to  do  Louvigny,  who  was  then 
King's  Lieutenant  at  Quebec.'    Many  Indians  joined  this 


i7'4. 


Fruitless 

expcdiiiiin 

againattlio 

Foxes. 


'  Eleven  hundred  pounds.  Jere- 
mie. 

'  Jert'mie,  Relation  de  la  Baye  do 
Hui'son.  (Voyages  au  Nord,  iii.,  (ip. 
:J34,  346-330.)  This  affair  occurred 
in  1712  ;  a  sliip  arrived  with  supplies 
in  1713,  and  In  surrendered  the  fort 
in  1714. 


'  De  Louvigny  started  from  Que- 
bec March  14,  1710,  and  retuined  to 
that  place  Oct.  12,  171(i.  See  liis  let^ 
ter,  Wisconsin  Hist.  Coll.,  v.,  p.  78- 
80.  Canada  Doc.,  III.  vi,,  p.  2(51. 
Vaudreuil  to  the  minister,  Oct.  30, 
1710.  lb.  p.  26o.  Chaiievoix's  mar- 
ginal date  is  therefore  deceptive. 


30G 


IITSTOUY  OF  NEW  FRANCE. 


'7 '4.  comiuaudant  on  tho  route,  and  ho  soon  found  bimsnlf  at 
tbo  head  of  eight  Imndrod  men,  firmly  resolved  not  to  lay 
down  their  arms  as  long  as  an  Outagami  was  left  in  Cana- 
da. All  supposed  that  tribe  on  the  brink  of  utter  de- 
struction. The  tribe  itself  judged  so  when  it  saw  the 
storm  gathering  against  it,  and  they  all  thought  only  of 
selling  their  hfe  as  dearly  as  possible. 

More  than  five  hundred  waniors  and  three  thousand 
women  had  shut  themselves  up  in  a  kind  of  fort,'  snr- 
rouuded  by  three  rows  of  oak  stockades,  \\  ith  a  good  ditch 
behind.  Throe  hundred  men  were  on  the  march  to  rein- 
force them,  but  they  did  not  come.  Do  Louvigny  attacked 
them  in  form;  he  had  two  field-pieces  and  a  mortar  for 
grenades;  he  opened  a  trench  thirty-five  toises,  (seventy 
yards)  from  the  fort,  and  on  the  third  day  had  got  within 
twelve  toises,  although  the  besieged  kept  up  a  brisk  fire. 
He  then  prepared  mines  to  blow  up  their  curtains ;  as  soon 
as  they  perceived  this,  they  asked  to  capitulate  that  even- 
ing and  proposed  conditions  that  were  rejected.  They 
soon  after  made  others,  which  the  commandant  laid  before 
his  Indians.  They  were :  1,  That  tro  Foxes  and  their 
confederates  would  make  peace  with  the  French  and  their 
allies.  2,  That  they  would  surrender  all  the  prisoners 
whom  they  had  taken,  and  this  they  did  in  advance.  3, 
That  they  would  replace  the  dead  by  slaves  to  be  taken 
from  remote  tribes  with  whom  they  were  at  war.  4, 
That  they  would  pay  the  expenses  of  the  war  out  of  the 
proceeds  of  their  hunting. 

Do  Louvigny  has  averred  that  his  allies,  to  whom  ho 
distributed  the  few  beaver-skins  presented  to  him  by  tho 
Foxes,  approved  his  pardoning  the  besieged  on  these  con- 
ditions;' but  he  deceived  himself,  if  he  really  thought  so. 
Wo  are  even  assured  that  they  did  not  conceal  their  dis- 
satisfaction ;  but  that  he  let  them  talk,  and  returned  to 
Quebec,  where  it  is  certain  that  the  welcome  he  received 

'  According  to  Smith,  History  of    the  Dead,  on  Fox  River. 
Wisconsin,  i.,  p.  03,  this  tort  was        '  Letter,  Oct.  14,  1710.     Wiscon- 
on  the  Butte  des  Morta,  or  Hill  of    sin  Hist.  Coll.,  v.,  p.  78-SO. 


uisTouY  OF  m:\y  kkance. 


307 


from  tlio  Qoveruor-Oeneriil,  autl  still  more  tlio  ii'compoiiso 
lie  rocoived  the  your  following  from  the  court,  Hhowetl  tliivt, 
iiH  he  hill,  lolf  tloclarcd,  ho  hiul  doiio  nothing  oxcfpt  by 
ordfi .  Tho  sequel  shows  that  this  oriler  hud  not  boon 
givou  with  a  full  kiiowlodgo  of  tho  case.  Ou  grunting 
peace  to  the  Foxes,  do  Louvigny  had  received  from  them 
six  hostages,  all  chiefs  or  sous  of  chiefs,  as  security  for 
their  promise  to  send  deputies  to  I,l(jntreal,  iu  order  to 
ratify  the  treaty  there  with  the  Governor-General ;  and 
this  treaty,  which  they  hauded  to  do  Louvigny  iu  writing, 
expressly  iucluded  a  cession  of  their  country  to  tli'  uch. 

Uufortunately  the  smallpox,  which  made  terri  L.ivages 
in  tho  colony  the  following  wiuter,  as  well  as  among  tho 
ueighboriug  tribes,  carried  off  throe  of  these  hostages,  who 
died  at  Montreal,  aud  among  them  the  famous  war-chiof 
Pomoussa,  who  had  boou  spared  at  the  Detroit  massacre, 
and  ou  whom  do  Vaudreuil  mainly  depended.  Tho  Gov- 
eruor-Gouoral's  fear  that  this  uutoward  event  would  break 
up  the  treaty,  compelled  him  to  go  up  to  Montreal  ou  tho 
ice,  and  as  soon  as  navigation  was  free,  ho  sent  off  do 
Louvigny  to  Michilimackiuac,  with  orders  to  enforce  tho 
conditions  accepted  by  tlio  Foxes,  to  bring  the  fhiofs  of 
that  nation  to  Montreal,  w-'  •  the  chiefs  of  all  the  other 
tribes,  and  at  the  same  time  to  compel  all  tho  coureurs  de 
bois  to  come  down  into  tho  colony,  tho  King  having 
granted  them  an  amnesty.'  * 


i7'7. 


'  On  tho  11  Sept.  1715,  Louia 
XIV.  died,  and  was  suoccedwl  by 
his  infant  groat-grandiion,  Louis  XV., 
undtT  tlit^  rcgoncy  ol'  tin.'  Uulii'  of  Or- 
leans. Till'  Count  dc  Toulou.'^ts  Ad- 
miral of  Fran(!c,as  hciid  of  the  Navy 
DeimrtmtMit,  diri'cted  the  nffiiirH  of 
the  colonit^ti.  In  ITl.')  Fullici'  Luii 
tail  discovered  ginseng,  and  jiub- 
lislii'd  a  memoir  on  It.  In  ITU!  Vau- 
dreuil returned  to  Cimada.  Aliout 
this  tiuii'  l{anie,--uy,  Lougueuil  iiud 
liurty  men,  were  killed  by  tlir  t'he- 
reki'es,  near  Caj)  St.  Anioini',  iiliove 
luoulli  of  Uhio.   C'luvrlevoix,  Joiunal, 


p.  400.  (Caokias,  in  N.  Y.  Col.  Doc, 
ix.,  875,  is  wrong.)  With  this  year 
ends  Motlier  Juchereaii's  Histoiro 
de  rilotel  Dieu  do  Quebec,  though 
not  printed  till  1751.  171(!  to  1730, 
Chaus.segros  de  Lery  fortified  Quo- 
bee.  .V.  Y.  Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  ]).  873: 
Daniel,  ii.,  pp.  (i,S-7l!,  U8  ;  Smith,  i., 
184.  In  1717  the  Inxjuois  (<ent  to 
Louis  XV,  a  wampum  belt,  which 
was  not  well  n'crivi'd.  'I'lir  .Mianiis, 
after  Vinccnnes'  death,  resolved  to 
go  to  St.  Joseph's  River.  Vaudreuil 
to  Minister,  Letter,  Oct.  JS,  1719. 


308 


IIISTOUY  OP  NEW  FHANCE. 


'7' 7-  Louviguy  waa  uuable  to  sot  out  bciforo  the  end  of  May, 

1717.  Ho  took  with  him  oiio  of  tho  hoHtages  who  had 
bec'U  attacktul  by  Hiuulljiox  like  tho  lost,  and  had  h)Ht  an 
oyo  by  it,  in  ord(!r  that  he  might  ..  sure  his  uation  of  the 
care  bcHtowed  ou  him  and  his  ooUeagiios.  As  soon  as  be 
arrived  at  Mi'ihihmackiuac,  ho  di.-[)atchod  tliis  nniu  to  tho 
Foxes,  with  pruseuts  to  cr  .cr  tho  dead,  and  sent  two 
French  interpreters  with  l:iui.  The  latter  were  very 
well  received,  the  cahimet  was  chanted  to  them,  and  after 
allowing  some  days  for  tho  relatives  of  tho  deceased  to  be- 
wail their  death,  they  assembled  to  hear  the  hostage.  Ho 
spoke  very  well,  and  reproached  the  chiefs  severely  for  not 
coming  to  Michilimackinac. 

The  nation  then  declared  to  the  interpreters  that  they 
were  by  no  means  insensible  to  the  kindness  which  Onou- 
thio  continued  to  show  them,  but  that  several  reasons  pre- 
vented their  deputies  starting  that  year  to  meet  him.  They 
promised  to  keep  their  word  the  next  year,  gave  their  pro- 
mise in  writing,  and  added  that  they  would  never  forget 
that  they  held  their  lives  purely  by  the  bounty  of  their 
Father.  The  hostage  set  out  with  the  interpreters  to  re- 
join de  Louvignj'  at  Michilimackinac,  but  after  travelling 
twenty  leagues,  he  loft  them,  saying  it  was  best  for  him  to 
return  home  to  oblige  his  tribe  to  keep  its  word.' 


'  In  1719  St.  Pierre  niul  de  Lintot 
induce  tlie  Koxcs  to  toiuu  to  terniH. 
They  ..rreudered  luauy  priBoner/*, 
but  great  cuiition  wns  required. 

In  17'JO,  Captiiin  Joncaire,  by  es- 
tabli.Mliing  his  rabin  at  Niaj^ara,  ro- 
Btored  the  .rencli  post  there.  C'Uar- 
levoix,  Journal,  p.  225.  Vaudreuil 
and  Bcgon.  Oct.  20,  17-'().  N.  Y. 
Col.  Doc  ,  ix.,  p.  H07;  on  which  tho 
lSiigli«li,  in  1722,  began  u  house,  and 
in  172")  a  fort  at  CliouKoucn  or  Os- 
wego, lb.  p.  il52 :  Smith's  Ni^w 
York,  p.  liW.  Tho  French  then 
erected  a  stone  fort  at  Niaganu  lb. 
p.  1(58. 

In  1720  the  Sulpiliiui  mission  was 
removed  from  Saiilt  au  Uecollet  to 


its  present  position,  Tho  Lake  of  tho 
Two  Mountains.  Faillon,  Vie  do 
Marg.  Bourgroys,  ii..  p.  204. 

In  1721  the  Fox  war  was  renewed 
at  Detroit.  Charlevoix,  Journal,  pp. 
228,  258. 

In  1721,  June  lU,  a  great  firu  oc- 
curre<l  at  Montreal,  in  whlcli  KiO 
houses,  nearly  half  the  city,  was 
destroyed.  'I'lie  Hotel  Dieu  was 
burned  and  not  robuilt  for  somo 
years.  lb.  p.  274.  Vie  do  M'llo 
Mance,  ii.,  pp.  17;!-5.  S(,'e  Arrets  et 
Ordonnances,  ii.,  p.  2'J2. 

In  1722,  parishi.'S  were  cniionieiJly 
estiiblished  in  Canada,  wl:i<li  tlien 
had  a  impulaticin  of  aliout  25000. 
FcTJand,  ('ours  u'llistoire, ii.,  p.  415. 


HISTORY  OF  NEW  FHANf'E. 

Notliing  was  heard  of  him  after  this  :  liis  nation  never 
Hont  deputies  to  the  Govenior-Gouoral,  and  do  Louvigiiy 
derived    no    benefit    from   IiIh   mission,   except   tiiat    ho 
brought  hack  to  the  cokmy  ahuost  all  the  deserters,  and 
indueed  a  very  great  number  of  Indians  to  bring  their  furs 
to  Montreal,  where  so  largo  a  supply  had  not  been  seen 
for  a  long  time.    Tlie  Mar(iiiis  do  Vauih'ouil  long  indulged 
hopes  that  the  Foxes  would  send  him  deputies ;    but  by 
renewing  their  incursions,  they  taught  him  that  an  enemy 
driven  to  a  certain  point,  is  always  irreconcilablo.     They 
were  afterwards  defeated  on  various  occasions  :  on  thuir 
side,  they  forced  the  Illinois  to  abandon  their  river  for- 
ever ;   and,  although  it  is  hardly  conceivable  that   after 
their  repeated  defeats  .'.lero  are  enough  left  to  form   a 
small  town,  men  even  now  dare  not  proceed  from  Canada 
to  Louysiana  without  taking  great  {)recautions  against  be- 
ing surprized  by  them.   They  are  indeed  in  arianco  with  the 
Sioux,  the  most  uumercus  nation  in  Canada,  and  the  Chi- 
cachas,  the  bravest  Indians  of  Louysiana.' 

With  this  exception.  Now  Franco  enjoyed  all  tho  fruits 
of  peace,  and  was  in  the  happiest  position  it  had  ever  en- 
joyed, when  a  melancholy  accident  filled  almost  the  whole 
colony  with  mourning,  and  in  one  day  deprived  it  of  more 
than  it  had  lost  in  twenty  years  of  war.  On  the  night  of 
the  25th  of  August,  1723,  tho  King's  ship,  the  Chameau, 
on  its  way  to  Quebec,  was  wrecked  near  Louysbourg,  and 
not  a  single  soul  escaped."  Mr.  de  Chazel,  who  was  to 
SHcceed  Begon  as  lutendant  of  Canada,"  de  Louvigny, 
Governor  elect  of  Three  llivers,  tho  same  frequently 
mentioned  in  this  history,  Captain  de  la  Gesse,*  son  of 
Mr.   de   Ramezay,  who   had   died   in  1724,  Governor   of 


309 


•7'4. 


SlilpwTcck 

of  tlui 
CliaiiiuaiL 


1725. 


'  A«  to  tlio  Indians  west  of   Lake    flu  Ramesay,  Seijjiieiir  ilo  Sorel  and 


Kt'ur,  sot'  memoir  in  N.  Y.  C'dl.  Uoc, 
ix.,  pp.  SSo-bW. 

'-'  l'ix;li)n,  p.  17;  CliaTlcvoix,  iii.,  riT, 
■'  L>upuy  was  tlwn  appointed   In- 
toudant,  Nov.  23,   1735.     See  com- 
mission  in  Arrets  et  Ordonnanees, 
iii.,  \'  (i."). 

■*  lie  w:i.s  ;j(l  M,n  of  Clicv,  Ciaiidi' 


Uov.  of  Montre  .',  and  udministrutor 
of  tlio  wliolo  jluny  duiing  Van- 
dreuil's  absence  from  1714  U)  171(i. 
His  eldest  brollier  was  killed  at  Rio 
Janeiro  :  tlie  second  by  tlie  Cliero- 
kecs  ;  one  sister  became  an  Hospital 
nun  and  one  an  Trsulino.  L'rsu- 
lines  do  guebec,  ii.,  p|),  101, 18^,323. 


810 


UISTOUy  OF  NEW   FUANCE. 


1725. 


Monti'onl,  HovornI  othor  colonial  otlieoiH,  cceloHiiiHtlos, 
liucoUoctH,  JoHuitH,  poriHliod  tlioro  with  nil  tho  crew,  unci 
tl)o  Hlioro  tho  next  tiny  was  strewn  with  corpses  and  bales. 
The  death  of  tho  Mnrtjuis  do  Vaudreuil  put  tho  Ihiish- 
iug  stroke  to  these  losses.  This  Governor  died  at  Que- 
bec on  tho  10th  of  October,  1725,'  regretted  in  pro[)ortiou 
to  tho  eagerness  shown  to  have  him  at  tho  head  of  tho 
colony,  and  after  an  administration  of  twenty-one  years, 
the  happy  events  of  which  were  due  in  no  small  degree  to 
his  vigilance,  firmness  and  good  management,  as  well  as 
the  success  that  always  attended  his  undertakings,  and  tho 
fact  that  no  miscarriages  could  bo  imputed  to  him."  Tho 
Chevalier  de  Beauharnois,  captain  in  the  navy,"  succeeded 
him  tho  next  year ;  and  tho  tranquillity  enjoyed  under  his 
administration,  induced  him  to  undertake  to  penetrate  to 
the  South  Sea,  by  one  of  his  oflScers  well  attended.'     The 


'  The  Marquis  do  Vaudroull  went 
to  France  in  1714  on  tlm  IIitob. 
Illti  wifi),  who  saik'd  I'ur  Franco  in 
1700,  was  taken  by  an  Kuglisli  ship, 
but  waH  trcati'd  with  respect,  and 
landtni  at  Havre  de  Orace.  They 
roturned  in  1710,  and  she  sailed 
back  to  France  in  one  of  the  iirst 
shipd,  after  her  husband's  death. 

The  Maniuis  du  Vaudreuil  was 
buried  in  tlie  Cathedral,  and  the  fol- 
lowing inscription  was  placed  on  his 
coffin  :  "  Cy  giHt  Ic  haul  et  puis«ant 
Seigneur  Messire  Philippe  Higaud, 
le  Marquis  Vaildreuil,  Urand  Croix 
de  I'ordre  militaire  du  St.  Louis, 
Qouverneur  et  l.ieutenant-Oeneral 
de  touto  la  Nouvelle  Franco,  decede 
le  dixienie  Octobro,  ITiH."  tjniith, 
i.,  p.  190 

'  Cliarles  le  Moyne,  Baron  do 
Lougueuil,(born  l>ec.  10,  1G50;  Cai> 
tain  since  lliUl  ;  Uovernor  of  Three 
Rivers  in  17'iO,  and  Governor  of 
Montreal  siiu'e  IT-'l,)  administered 
the  colony  al'lei' de  Viiudreuil's  death 
(see  Uaniel,  i.,  p.  (n,)an(l  solicited  his 
place,  but  the  ciiurl  was  advised  not 
U>   u])]ioiut   u    t'unadiun.     He   died 


Juno  7,  1720.    Daniel,  1.,  p.  67-08. 

"  C'luirles,  Chevalier  and  Bubso. 
quently  Marquis  de  Beauharnois  do 
la  lioische,  was  coiundssioned  ensign 
in  tiie  navy,  Jan'y  1,  1002  ;  lieuten- 
ant in  1000 ;  captain  of  a  frigate 
May  0,  1707  ;  of  a  ship  of  the  lino 
April  215,  1708;  Governor  of  Canada 
Jan'y  11,  1720  ;  (coniniission  in  the 
Arrets  et  Ordonnances,  ill.,  p.  07.) 
Comnwdore,  May  1,  174'1  ;  lieuten- 
ant-general of  the  naval  forces,  Jan'y 
1,  1748.  As  a  naval  officer  he  showed 
greatabihty.  llodiud  Julyl3, 1  T40, 
leaving  no  issue  by  his  wife,  Hi  nee 
Pays.  Napoleon  ill.,  through  his 
mother,  Hortense  Beauharnois,  is 
descended  from  Claude  do  Beauhar- 
nois, brother  of  Charles.  Ferlnud, 
li.,  p.  430.  Daniel,  i  j..  348.  Be- 
gon  the  Intendant,  married  a  sister 
of  Beauharnois.    lb.  p.  304. 

•  Tliis  alludes  to  the  explorations 
of  Pierre  Oaultier  de  Vnrennes, 
Sieur  do  la  Verendrye.  son  of  KenC 
(iautliier,  Sieur  de  Varenurs.  After 
serving  in  New  Knglnnd  and  New- 
foundlaml,  he  went  to  Kurope  and 
was   severely   wouucled   at   Malpla- 


,   I 


niHTuHY  OF  NFAV  FHANCE. 


811 


future  will  hIiow  tho  huccosh  of  tliw  expoditiou  nntl  how 
UHoful  it  may  bo ;  tluH  will  doiR-ucl  on  the  facility  of  coni- 
imtiiic  ition  with  Ciiiiiuhi  or  LonyHiana. 

To  coniplott*  tho  history  of  tho  oiitorprizoH  of  our  nation 
in  N.)rth  Amoricu,  I  havo  but  to  uarrato  what  occurrod  in 
Louyuiana  after  tho  peace  of  Utrocht.  That  colony  having 
boon  till  then  a  depondonco  and  ovou  a  cousidorablo  part 
of  Now  Franco,  bolougH  uocoaHarily  to  my  luHtory. 


t723. 


qni't.  H»tturning  to  Canmltt,  lio  dr. 
votud  hliiistilf  from  17IJ1  to  Ida 
di;utL,  Dec.  0,  1740,  in  tttttinpU  to 
riiich  tlui  I'uciflc  tlirou>;h  tho  ti-rri- 
tory  north  of  Luko  Superior.  In 
Juui),  ITM,  blH  Hon  and  tliti  Jesuit 
Father  Pierro  Aulneau,  wuro  killed 
on  iiu  taland  in  thu  Laku  of  thu 
WoodB  by  koiitlle  ludianB;    but  la 


bid  (■xiMiditlon  in  1737  hii  oBtali 
liBlied  Fort  la  Ht^lnn  on  the  AMHiid- 
boin,  and  thruu  otliciH  lurlhur  went, 
but  he  HdviT  cidsMid  tlu!  Uocky 
Mountains.  ()'('alhif,'lian  in  N.  Y, 
Col.  Doc.,  ix.,  ]K  lOtiO;  Uarnt-au, 
liiMtoiro  du  Cauiidii,  ii.,  p.  VM  lie.  ■ 
Kalm'H  Voyngi'H,  iii,,  \y.  laU;  Car- 
ver, p.  100.    Dunlol,  li.,  p.  88.